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Jeremiah 31 General Notes
Structure and formatting
Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English translations indent the lines of 31:1-6, 8-22, 29, 35-37, all of which are quotations of various lengths.
This chapter begins with a transition from the previous chapter. "At that time" is a reference to the day of restoration mentioned in Jeremiah 30:24. (See: rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/restore)
Special concepts in this chapter
The New Covenant
This chapter is an important teaching regarding the New Covenant. God will make a new covenant that will bring forgiveness of sins and a desire to obey God. Scholars disagree about whether this new covenant has begun. (See: rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/newcovenant, rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive and rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin)
Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
Israel
In this chapter, Jeremiah uses the term "Israel" in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole. He also uses it in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel and their people group.