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2	front:intro	yx6e			Introduction to Zechariah Part 1: General Introduction Outline of the Book of Zechariah Zechariah calls the returning nation of Israel to repent and return to Yahweh (1:1–6) The eight night visions (1:7-6:8) Yahweh sends his messengers throughout the whole earth (1:7–17) Four horns and four craftsmen (1:18–21) The measuring line (2:1–13) The priest in filthy clothes (3:1–10) The golden lampstand olive trees (4:1–14) The flying scroll (5:1–4) The woman in a basket (5:5–11) Four chariots (6:1–8) A crown for the high priest (6:9–15) Questions about fasting (7:1–8:23) Yahweh judges the nations and saves his people (9:1–11:17) Final message (12:1-14:21) Yahweh will finally defeat Israel’s enemies (12:1-9) Israel mourns for the one they pierced (12:10-14) Yahweh purifies Israel and removes false prophets (13:1-6) Yahweh comes as king (14:1–21) What is the Book of Zechariah about? Zechariah wrote to the people of Judah who returned from being exiled in Babylon. The people of Judah continued to sin, as their ancestors did before they went into exile. Zechariah called the people to repent and to obey Yahweh. And he called them to renew the covenant with Yahweh. Zechariah also prophesied about the Messiah and about Israel finally being victorious over her enemies. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) How should the title of this book be translated? This book traditionally has been titled “Zechariah” or “The Book of Zechariah.” Translators may decide to call it the “The Book About Zechariah” or “The Sayings of Zechariah.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Who wrote the Book of Zechariah? The prophet Zechariah wrote this book between 520 and 518 B.C. Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts Did Zechariah prophesy before Ezra, Nehemiah, and Haggai? Zechariah prophesied before the time of Ezra and Nehemiah. He prophesied at the same time as Haggai and continued after Haggai. Part 3: Important Translation Issues What is the meaning of the term “Israel”? The name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was a son of Isaac. God changed Jacob’s name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. Zechariah uses the term “Israel” to refer to both the nation of Israel and the northern kingdom of Israel. What imagery does Zechariah use in reference to the Messiah? Zechariah presented the Messiah as both a king and a shepherd. Zechariah said that the Messiah would come and deliver his people. However, the Messiah would also be pierced (12:10) and struck with the sword (13:7). (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) What does the phrase “that day” mean? Zechariah often spoke of the last days by using the phrase “that day” or “in that day.” When referring to a future “day,” the translator should be aware that the author may be speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
3	1:intro	qki3			Zechariah 1 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is written in prose mainly with imagery used throughout to portray Zechariah’s vision given by the Lord. Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set lines 1:3-6, 14-17, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Special concepts in this chapter Visions This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah, so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Date Zechariah uses two separate dates in this first chapter. When compared to the book of Haggai, Zechariah’s prophecy was proclaimed just a few weeks after Haggai. However, they prophesied in two different places: Haggai was in Jerusalem and Zechariah was somewhere outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
4	1:1	if96	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	In the eighth month	This is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
5	1:1	fpf6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	the second year of Darius’ reign	“the second year of the reign of Darius the king” or “the second year since Darius became king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
6	1:1	qr9f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7	1:1	e6fd		Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
8	1:1	ge9j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Berechiah & Iddo	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9	1:2	huv9		exceedingly angry with your fathers	Alternate translation: “very angry with your forefathers”
10	1:3	wv9b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Turn to me & and I will return to you	Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude toward another person as if it were turning or returning. The people turning to Yahweh means that they will again be devoted to him and worship him, while Yahweh returning to the people means that he will again bless them and help them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11	1:3	ymr9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
12	1:4	le2q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Turn from your evil ways and wicked practices	No longer doing certain actions is spoken of as if it were turning away from those actions. The phrases “evil ways” and “wicked practices” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Stop doing all of your wicked actions” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
13	1:4	g1te	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in Zechariah 1:3. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
14	1:5	tk3p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Your fathers, where are they? Where are the prophets, are they here forever?	These two rhetorical questions emphasize that both their ancestors and the prophets who proclaimed Yahweh’s message to their ancestors have died. The questions can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Neither your fathers nor the prophets are here because they have all died.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
15	1:6	b2ai	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets, have they not overtaken your fathers?	This rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer that it anticipates. Yahweh speaks of the people’s ancestors experiencing the consequences of not obeying Yahweh’s commands as if his words and decrees were a person who had chased after and overtaken them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets have overtaken your fathers.” or “But your fathers have suffered the consequences for disobeying my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets to tell them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
16	1:6	p786	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	my words and my decrees	These phrases are both ways to refer to Yahweh’s message that the prophets had declared to their ancestors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
17	1:6	pc8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	our ways and actions	The words “ways” and “actions” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “our behavior” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
18	1:7	kav5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, which is the month of Shebat	“Shebat” is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of February on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19	1:7	epb7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	in the second year of Darius’ reign	“in the second year of the reign of Darius the king” or “in the second year since Darius became king.” See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
20	1:7	al5n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:1. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
21	1:7	li5w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Berechiah & Iddo	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
22	1:8	rsm4		look	The word “look” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw.
23	1:8	fg97	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	myrtle trees	a kind of small tree with colorful flowers (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
24	1:9	rb9l		I said, “What are these things, Lord?” Then the angel who talked with me	Here Zechariah speaks to an unidentified angel. This is not the same as the “man” who was “riding on a red horse.”
25	1:9	l5k2		What are these things, Lord?	“What are these things, sir?” Here the word “Lord” is a form of polite address.
26	1:10	uiv2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the man who stood among the myrtle trees	These phrases refer to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in Zechariah 1:8. This could mean: (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the man who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
27	1:10	m3qf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	These are those	The word “these” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. This could mean: (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
28	1:10	paz1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	to roam throughout the earth	It is implicit that Yahweh sent these out to walk about in order to patrol the earth. This does not suggest that they were wandering or lost. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
29	1:11	p8ce	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees	This phrase refers to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in Zechariah 1:8. This could mean: (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
30	1:11	vum3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	They answered & they said	The word “they” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. This could mean: (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
31	1:11	z1nt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	all the earth sits still and is at rest	There being peace and quiet in the world is spoken of as if the earth were a person who is still and resting. This could mean: (1) this is a good thing that means that there is peace between nations or (2) this is a bad thing that means that there is no war because nations are helpless to fight against a stronger nation that has subdued them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
32	1:12	hd8w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah	Here the words “Jerusalem” and “cities” refer to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “to the people of Jerusalem and to the people of the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
33	1:13	ea77		with good words, words of comfort	Alternate translation: “with good, comforting words”
34	1:14	z627		I have been jealous for Jerusalem	Here the word “jealous” refers to Yahweh’s strong desire to protect his people.
35	1:15	z4b6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I am very angry with the nations that are at ease	The phrase “at ease” means that the people thought that they lived in peace and security. Alternate translation: “I am very angry with the nations that enjoy peace and security” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
36	1:15	vt8i		I was only a little angry with them	Alternate translation: “I was only a little angry with the people of Jerusalem”
37	1:15	ml6d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	they made the disaster worse	“the nations that are at ease made the disaster worse.” This means that although Yahweh used these nations to punish Jerusalem, they did more harm to Jerusalem than what Yahweh had intended for them to do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
38	1:16	irm7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies	This could mean: (1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or (2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: “I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
39	1:16	mlv6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	My house will be built within her	The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, and the word “house” is a metonym for the temple. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people will build my temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
40	1:16	qz6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem	This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem” or “the people will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
41	1:17	xwc5		Again call out, saying	The angel who was speaking to Zechariah says these words.
42	1:17	c5zg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	My cities will once again overflow with goodness	The phrase “my cities” refers to the cities of Judah and represents the people who live in those cities. Yahweh speaks of the inhabitants of those cities again being prosperous as if goodness were a liquid that overflowed the cities, which are its containers. Alternate translation: “My cities will once again be prosperous” or “The people in the cities of Judah will once again be prosperous” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
43	1:17	e1cn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh will again comfort Zion	Here the word “Zion” refers to the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will again comfort the people in Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
44	1:18	fb8w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	I lifted up my eyes	The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “I looked up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
45	1:19	p1kh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage	These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem	Horns were often used as a symbol for military power. Here they symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The words “Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem” represent the people who lived in those places. Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that have scattered the people of Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
46	1:20	a61d		four craftsmen	Alternate translation: “blacksmiths” or “metalworkers”
47	1:21	y3z5		these people	This refers to the four craftsmen.
48	1:21	k412	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage	These are the horns that scattered Judah	The horns symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The word “Judah” represents the people who lived in Judah. See how you translated a similar phrase in Zechariah 1:19. Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that scattered the people of Judah” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
49	1:21	zd7p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	so that no man would lift up his head	The nations oppressing the people of Judah severely is spoken of as if no person in Judah was able to raise his head. Alternate translation: “and caused them to suffer greatly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
50	1:21	gm5d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn against the land of Judah	Yahweh speaks of the nations using their military power to conquer Judah as if the nations had lifted up their horns. He speaks of these four craftsmen destroying the military power of these nations as if the craftsmen threw those horns to the ground. Alternate translation: “to destroy the power of the nations who used their military might against the land of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
51	1:21	q7u9		to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn	Alternate translation: “to cast down the horns that the nations had lifted up”
52	2:intro	j9a8			Zechariah 2 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is introduced in prose with imagery used in the rest of the chapter to portray Zechariah’s third vision about measuring lines given by the Lord. Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 2:4-13, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Special concepts in this chapter Visions This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Please be careful to translate each of the terms in your language. Important figures of speech in this chapter “This is Yahweh’s declaration” This phrase is used several times in this chapter. The UST often translates this as “Yahweh says.”
53	2:1	u35h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	I lifted up my eyes	The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “I looked up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
54	2:1	dn7b		measuring line	a rope with a certain length that a person would use to measure buildings or large sections of land
55	2:2	eb3u		So he said to me	Alternate translation: “So the man with the measuring line said to me”
56	2:3	he2k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	another angel went out to meet him	This angel is a new participant who has not appeared before this verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
57	2:4	ty6u		The second angel said to him	Alternate translation: “The second angel said to the angel who had talked with me”
58	2:4	mt9q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Jerusalem will sit in the open country & beasts within her	The phrase “will sit in the open country” translates a word that refers to a city that has no walls. There will be so many inhabitants in the city that it will be too large to have walls around it. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem will not have walls around it … beasts within the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
59	2:5	ync4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I & will become for her a wall of fire around her	People built walls around their cities for protection. Here Yahweh speaks of protecting Jerusalem as if he himself were a wall of fire around the city. Alternate translation: “I … will protect the city, like a wall of fire around it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60	2:5	e11h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:4. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
61	2:6	c7zp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Up! Up!	These two words express urgency and add emphasis to the following command. The words can be translated with an expression that communicates urgency in your language. Alternate translation: “Run! Run!” or “Hurry! Hurry!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
62	2:7	nj7k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you who live with the daughter of Babylon	The phrase “daughter of Babylon” refers to the city of Babylon. Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a daughter. Alternate translation: “you who live in Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
63	2:8	qki8		General Information:	General Information: Zechariah begins to speak and tells how Yahweh is sending him to judge the nations who have plundered Jerusalem.
64	2:8	uv6h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	for whoever touches you	The word “touches” refers to a touch meant to harm. Alternate translation: “for whoever harms you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
65	2:9	w4b5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	I myself will shake my hand over them	Raising one’s hand against another person is a gesture of hostility. Here it is a symbolic action that means that God will attack those who harm Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I myself will fight against them” or “I myself will attack them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
66	2:9	q7li		they will be plunder for their slaves	The word “plunder” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “their slaves will plunder them”
67	2:10	n5lp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Sing for joy, daughter of Zion	“Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. This could mean: (1) Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, Zion” or (2) the phrase “daughter of Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, people of Zion” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
68	2:10	ph8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:4. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
69	2:11	h8g4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	great nations will join themselves to Yahweh	Zechariah speaks of the people of great nations becoming Yahweh’s people and worshiping him as if they were joining themselves to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the people of great nations will become the people of Yahweh” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
70	2:11	glg2		in that day	Alternate translation: “at that time”
71	2:11	bu8a		I will encamp in the midst of you	Alternate translation: “I will live among you”
72	2:12	e1sr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh will inherit Judah as his rightful possession	Zechariah speaks of Yahweh claiming Judah as his own land as if Judah were something that Yahweh inherits as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will claim Judah as his rightful possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
73	2:13	f45h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	all flesh	Here the word “flesh” represents all humanity. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
74	2:13	p2lb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he has been roused	Zechariah speaks of Yahweh beginning to act as if someone had roused Yahweh from inactivity. It is implied that this action refers to his returning to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “he is coming” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
75	2:13	dh6y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	from out of his holy place	Here “his holy place” refers to heaven, and not to the temple in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “from his holy place in heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
76	3:intro	gw6m			Zechariah 3 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is introduced in prose and shares the fourth vision, which is the priest in dirty clothes. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 3:7-9, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Difficult concepts in this chapter Visions It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter The high priest This chapter seems to refer to a particular person, Joshua the high priest. However, little is known about him. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])
77	3:1	l2ct		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh shows Zechariah a vision of Joshua the priest.
78	3:1	lm1x		Satan was standing at his right hand to accuse him of sin	Alternate translation: “Satan was standing at Joshua’s right side, ready to accuse Joshua of sin”
79	3:2	p64g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is this not a brand pulled from the fire?	The angel of Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Joshua is a brand pulled from the fire.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
80	3:2	il5p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a brand pulled from the fire	A brand is a burning piece of wood. The angel of Yahweh speaks of Joshua being rescued from captivity in Babylon as if he were a piece of wood that someone pulls from a fire before the wood is completely burned. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
81	3:3	d4s4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage	Joshua was dressed in filthy garments	In this vision “filthy garments” are symbolic of sinfulness. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
82	3:4	l7ds		those who stood before him	The word “him” refers to the angel. The phrase refers to other angels who were present.
83	3:4	g4d4		Look	Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
84	3:4	k9lt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I have caused your iniquity to pass from you	Since Joshua’s garments were symbolic of his sinfulness, by removing his garments, the angel removed Joshua’s iniquity. Causing iniquity to pass from him is an idiom that means that he had removed Joshua’s iniquity. Alternate translation: “I have removed your iniquity from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
85	3:4	uh7k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage	dress you in fine clothing	Here fine clothing symbolizes righteousness. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
86	3:5	d1b9		Let them put	Here the word “them” refers to the other angels who were present.
87	3:5	d26a		turban	a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head
88	3:6	v18s		solemnly commanded Joshua	Alternate translation: “commanded Joshua in a very serious manner”
89	3:7	l5ba	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	If you will walk in my ways, and if you will keep my commandments	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of obeying him as if the person were walking along Yahweh’s paths. Alternate translation: “If you will obey me and keep my commandments” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90	3:7	x34k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you will govern my house and guard my courts	Here the word “house” is a metonym for the temple, while the word “courts” refers to the courtyards around the temple. Together the phrases mean that Joshua will have authority over the whole temple complex. Alternate translation: “you will have authority over my temple and its courtyards” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
91	3:7	mwk3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to go and come among these who stand before me	The phrase “to go and come among” is an idiom that means that Joshua will be a part of this group and have the same privilege as they do of access to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to come before me as these who stand here do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
92	3:8	jym9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	your companions who live with you	This phrase refers to other priests who would serve in the temple under the leadership of Joshua. Alternate translation: “the other priests who live with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
93	3:8	hp4q		For these men are a sign	Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special meaning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of the priests serving in the temple as being this sign that shows that Yahweh will bring his servant.
94	3:8	v7at	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my servant the Branch	The word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh’s people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
95	3:9	m5hy		the stone that I have set before Joshua	Here the word “stone” likely refers to a precious stone or jewel.
96	3:9	i5c3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	There are seven eyes on this single stone	The sides or facets of the stone that reflect light are spoken of as if they are eyes. Alternate translation: “There are seven sides on this single stone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
97	3:9	l4bw		engrave	Alternate translation: “carve”
98	3:9	i5q1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will remove the sin from this land in one day	Here the word “land” represents the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “I will remove the sin of the people from this land in one day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
99	3:10	a257	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	each man will invite his neighbor to sit under his vine and under his fig tree	Both the “vine” and the “fig tree” are symbols of prosperity. This phrase describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. Alternate translation: “because they will be at peace, each person will invite his neighbor to come and sit under his vine and his fig tree” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
100	4:intro	if68			Zechariah 4 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is written mainly in prose about the fifth vision, which is about the golden lampstand olive trees. Special concepts in this chapter Visions This chapter shows a conversation between Zechariah and the angel of Yahweh. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.
101	4:1	g1iy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	roused me like a man roused from his sleep	Zechariah compares the way in which the angel interrupted his being in deep thought with the way someone would awaken another person from sleep. Alternate translation: “caused me to become more alert like a man awakened from his sleep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
102	4:2	nj7i		lamp wicks	the parts of a lamp that are lit on fire
103	4:3	n5h3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	the left side	The ellipsis in this phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “the left side of the bowl” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
104	4:5	d96u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you not know what these things mean?	The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you know what these things mean.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
105	4:6	gn9k		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
106	4:6	y1pw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Not by might nor by power	Since there is no verb in this phrase, it may be necessary in your language to supply one. Alternate translation: “You will not succeed by might nor by power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
107	4:6	wt9s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Not by might nor by power	This could mean: (1) that the words “might” and “power” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Zerubbabel’s strength or (2) that the word “might” refers to military strength and the word “power” refers to Zerubbabel’s physical ability. Alternate translation: “Certainly not by your own strength” or “Not by military strength nor by your own power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
108	4:7	abe2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	What are you, great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become a plain	This is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of the obstacles that Zerubbabel will face as if they were a large mountain. He asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that these obstacles pose no threat to Zerubbabel’s success. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are nothing, great mountain! Zerubbabel will cause you to become a plain” or “Although obstacles may appear as large as mountains, Zerubbabel will overcome them as easily as one walks upon level ground” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
109	4:7	k6l1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he will bring out the top stone	The top stone is the last stone placed when building something. This refers to the top stone of the temple. Alternate translation: “he will bring out the top stone of the temple” or “he will complete the construction of the temple” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
110	4:7	cbj6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	to shouts of ‘Grace! Grace to it!’	This could mean: (1) the word “grace” refers to God’s grace and the people are requesting that God bless the completed temple. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘May God bless it! May God bless it!’” or (2) the word “grace” refers to beauty and the people are declaring how beautiful the completed temple is. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘Beautiful! It is beautiful!’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
111	4:8	j4n7		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
112	4:8	lpf1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word of Yahweh came to me, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
113	4:9	z7ve	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The hands of Zerubbabel have laid & his hands will bring it to completion	Here the word “hands” represents Zerubbabel. Alternate translation: “Zerubbabel has laid … he will bring it to completion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
114	4:9	gn3u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the foundation of this house	The word “house” represents the temple. Alternate translation: “the foundation of this temple” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
115	4:10	w6q1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who has despised the day of small things? These people will rejoice	Zechariah uses this rhetorical question to speak specifically about those who have “despised the day of small things.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Those who have despised the day of small things will rejoice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
116	4:10	a9tc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the day of small things	“the time of small things.” This phrase refers to the time when the people were building the temple and appeared to be making little progress. Alternate translation: “the time when progress was slow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
117	4:10	t9lp		plumb stone	This refers to an instrument made with a heavy object attached to the end of a string that builders used to ensure that the walls of buildings were straight.
118	4:10	ym4q		These seven lamps	This phrase refers to the lamps that Zechariah saw in Zechariah 4:2-3.
119	4:10	xm5j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage	These seven lamps are the eyes of Yahweh that roam over the whole earth	The seven lamps symbolize the eyes of Yahweh, but they are not literally the eyes of Yahweh. The angel speaks of Yahweh seeing everything that happens on the earth as if his eyes roamed over the whole earth. Alternate translation: “These seven lamps represent the eyes of Yahweh, who sees everything that happens on the earth” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
120	4:11	ac36		these two olive trees	This refers to the olive trees that Zechariah saw in Zechariah 4:2-3.
121	4:12	t7zp		What are these two olive branches	Here Zechariah changes his question and asks about branches that are connected to the two olive trees.
122	4:12	brf2		the two gold pipes	These pipes were not mentioned in the previous description of Zechariah’s vision. It is possible that they are connected to the bowl on top of the lampstand and provide the oil with which the lampstand burns.
123	4:12	mv5r		golden oil	Here “golden” refers to the color of the oil and does not mean that the oil was made of gold.
124	4:13	anh7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you not know what these are?	The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you know what these are.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
125	4:14	rx28	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage	These are the sons of fresh olive oil	The branches symbolize these people, but they are not literally the people. Alternate translation: “These two branches represent the sons of fresh olive oil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
126	4:14	j7gl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the sons of fresh olive oil	This idiom means that these men have been anointed with fresh olive oil. A person who is anointed is one whom Yahweh has chosen or appointed for a special duty. Alternate translation: “the anointed men” or “the men whom Yahweh has appointed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
127	4:14	a6x2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	who stand before the Lord	The idiom “stand before” means to be in a person’s presence and to serve him. Alternate translation: “who serve the Lord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
128	5:intro	x2ef			Zechariah 5 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter contains the next two visions. One is about a flying scroll and one is about the basket filled with iniquity. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/iniquity]])
129	5:1	xqx2		Then I turned	The word “I” refers to Zechariah.
130	5:1	gf8m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	lifted my eyes	The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
131	5:1	ynu9		behold	The word “behold” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw.
132	5:2	gh1w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	twenty cubits long and ten cubits wide	A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “9.2 meters long and 4.6 meters wide” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
133	5:3	lv5p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This is the curse	The word “this” refers to the scroll. The scroll is a metonym for what is written on the scroll. Alternate translation: “On this scroll is the curse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
134	5:3	mys3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	that goes out over the surface of the whole land	The phrase “the surface of the whole land” refers to every place within the land. It is implied that the curse will apply to every person who lives in the land. Alternate translation: “that is upon every person within the whole land” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
135	5:3	iha6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	every thief will be cut off & everyone who swears a false oath will be cut off	Yahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cut off every thief … Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath” or “Yahweh will remove every thief from the land … Yahweh will remove from the land everyone who swears a false oath” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
136	5:3	pu8h		what it says on the one side & what it says on the other side	Alternate translation: “what the scroll says on one side … what the scroll says on the other side”
137	5:4	jt2j		I will send it out	Alternate translation: “I will send out the curse”
138	5:4	alf7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:3. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
139	5:4	y2v5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	consume its timber and stones	The curse destroying the houses of the thief and of the one who swears falsely is spoken of as if the curse would consume the building materials that people had used to build the houses. Alternate translation: “destroy its wood and stones” or “completely destroy it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
140	5:5	j4s3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Raise your eyes	The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “Look up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
141	5:6	mb23	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume	This is a basket containing an ephah that is coming	An “ephah” is a unit of measurement for dry materials and is equal to 22 liters. Here the word is a metonym for the container that would hold an ephah of dry material. Alternate translation: “This is a measuring basket that is coming” or “This is a large container that is coming” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
142	5:6	bcy6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage	This is their iniquity in the whole land	The basket symbolizes the people’s iniquity, but it is not literally their iniquity. Alternate translation: “This basket represents the iniquity of the people throughout the whole land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
143	5:7	un6a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	a lead covering was lifted off the basket	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: someone lifted a lead covering off the basket” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
144	5:7	nn4h		there was a woman under it sitting in it	Alternate translation: “there was a woman under the lead covering sitting in the basket”
145	5:8	xg5w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage	This is Wickedness	The woman represents wickedness. Alternate translation: “This woman represents wickedness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
146	5:8	glc2		He threw her & he threw the lead cover	“He thrust her … he forced the lead cover.” The word “threw” indicates the force with which the angel did these things. He did not literally throw the woman or the cover.
147	5:9	zcp4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	I lifted my eyes	Here the word “eyes” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “I looked up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
148	5:9	mt2r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	wind was in their wings	This idiom means that they were flying. Alternate translation: “they were flying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
149	5:9	gde6		they had wings like a stork’s wings	A stork is a type of large bird that has a wingspan of two to four meters. Zechariah compares the size of the women’s wings with the size of the stork’s wings.
150	5:9	xf59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	They lifted up the basket between earth and heaven	The words “earth” and “heaven” form a merism that refer to the sky. It is implicit that the two women flew away with the basket. Alternate translation: “They lifted the basket up into the sky and flew away” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
151	5:11	dyi3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	To build a temple in the land of Shinar for it	The ellipsis can be supplied from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “They are taking the basket to the land of Shinar to build a temple for it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
152	5:11	un6q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the basket will be set there	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will set the basket there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
153	5:11	gtm8		on its prepared base	The words “prepared base” refer to a pedestal or other kind of fixture upon which they will place the basket.
154	6:intro	z96r			Zechariah 6 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is written mainly in prose and tells the last vision of the four chariots in the first part of the chapter. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 6:12-13. Special concepts in this chapter Crown The second part of the chapter is about a crown made for the high priest. This is an actual person, but the meaning of the word “branch” should be translated as his name. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Meaning of the visions The visions are stated and even when the prophet asked for an explanation, their true meaning is often obscure. This uncertainty should remain in your translation. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
155	6:1	wvi1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	lifted my eyes	Here the word “eyes” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
156	6:1	zj81		between two mountains; and the two mountains were made of bronze	Since the second phrase describes the mountains in the first phrase, the two phrases may be combined. Alternate translation: “between two bronze mountains”
157	6:2	tw1y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The first chariot had red horses	It is implicit that the horses were pulling the chariots. Alternate translation: “The first chariot had red horses pulling it” or “Red horses were pulling the first chariot” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
158	6:5	j43m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage	These are the four winds of heaven	The chariots symbolize the four winds of heaven, but they are not literally the four winds. Alternate translation: “These chariots represent the four winds of heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
159	6:5	cai5		the four winds of heaven	This phrase refers to the four directions from which the wind blows: north, east, south, and west. However, some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression to mean “four spirits.”
160	6:5	u5ms	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	standing before the Lord of all the earth	The idiom to “stand before” means to be in a person’s presence and to serve him. See how you translated this in Zechariah 4:14. Alternate translation: “serving the Lord of all the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
161	6:6	v88q		the white horses are going out to the west country	Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew phrase to mean “the white horses are going out after them,” that is, following the black horses to the north country.
162	6:6	g5r6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the white horses are & the spotted gray horses are	Here the horses represent the chariots that they pull. Alternate translation: “the chariot with the white horses is … the chariot with the spotted gray horses is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
163	6:8	ny4a		he called out to me	Alternate translation: “the angel called out to me”
164	6:8	n3x1		Look at the ones	Alternate translation: “Look at the black horses”
165	6:8	c7ix	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	they will appease my spirit concerning the north country	The words “my spirit” refer to Yahweh, so many translations change this to read “Yahweh’s spirit.” This could mean: (1) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s emotions and appeasing his spirit means that the chariots will cause Yahweh no longer to be angry with the north country Alternate translation: “they will calm my anger concerning the north country” or (2) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s presence and the chariots will cause the Jews who live in the north land to experience Yahweh’s blessings. Alternate translation: “they will cause my spirit to rest in the north country” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
166	6:9	jej6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to me, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
167	6:10	fez9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
168	6:10	m87p		this same day	Alternate translation: “today”
169	6:11	f66i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jehozadak	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
170	6:11	x4hk		take the silver and gold, make a crown	Alternate translation: “make a crown with the silver and gold”
171	6:12	wn66		Speak to him and say	Alternate translation: “Speak to Joshua and say”
172	6:12	ihw2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	his name is Branch	The word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh’s people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. See how you translated this name in Zechariah 3:8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
173	6:12	w53q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He will grow up where he is	The phrase “grow up” refers to the growth of a plant, and so continues the metaphor of this person as a “Branch.” This likely refers to this person appearing or coming into power as the one who would supervise the rebuilding of the temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
174	6:13	lm52		He will be a priest on his throne	This could mean: (1) the “Branch” will be both priest and king or (2) the “Branch” will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. Alternate translation: “There will be a priest upon his throne”
175	6:13	uyq6		he will bear a counsel of peace between the two	The words “the two” refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. This could mean: (1) the “Branch” will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or (2) the “Branch” who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace.
176	6:14	ea75	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The crown will given	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will give the crown” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
177	6:14	xn98	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah & Hen	These are the names of men. See how you translated these in Zechariah 6:10. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
178	6:14	f3px		for Hen son of Zephaniah as a memorial	Some modern versions interpret this phrase as “as a memorial to the generosity of the son of Zephaniah” or “as a memorial to the one who is gracious, the son of Zephaniah.” Also, some modern versions interpret the name “Hen” as meaning the name “Josiah.”
179	6:15	e6jp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	those who are far off	This refers to the Israelites who remain in Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
180	6:15	u2bz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	so you will know	The word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
181	6:15	zqz3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	truly listen to the voice of Yahweh your God	Here to “listen” means to obey and the word “voice” represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Alternate translation: “truly obey what Yahweh your God says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
182	7:intro	meb2			Zechariah 7 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter starts about two years after the previous chapter and is written in prose. Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:4-14, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Special concepts in this chapter Fasting This chapter discusses fasting. People were asking the same questions as those from previous generations. The Israelites were asking these same questions before they were exiled from their land.
183	7:1	v1rz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	on the fourth day	“on day 4” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
184	7:1	vut4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	Kislev (which was the ninth month)	“Kislev” is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourth day of Kislev is near the end of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
185	7:1	t9mu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to Zechariah	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
186	7:2	sb2z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Sharezer and Regem-Melek	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
187	7:2	y9hy		beg	Here the word “beg” means to plead or ask urgently.
188	7:2	b1wi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	before the face of Yahweh	Here “face” is a metonym for Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
189	7:3	kg2p		They spoke & they said	The word “they” refers to Sharezer and Regem Melek.
190	7:3	ty6c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	Should I mourn in the fifth month	“Should I mourn in month 5.” The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
191	7:3	i8ej		by means of a fast	Alternate translation: “by fasting”
192	7:4	g84y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
193	7:5	wdh2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	in the fifth and in the seventh month	“in months 5 and 7” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
194	7:5	v5v5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	in the fifth	The word “month” can be supplied in translation. Alternate translation: “in the fifth month” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
195	7:5	tfh8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	in the seventh month	The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
196	7:5	d7zd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	for these seventy years	The assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
197	7:5	n3dw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	were you truly fasting for me?	This question is asked to make the people think about what their real reason for fasting had been. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you were not really fasting for me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
198	7:6	p43p		When you ate and drank	This could mean: (1) when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or (2) when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting.
199	7:6	ax5v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	did you not eat and drink for yourselves?	This question is used to make the people think about whether they were honoring Yahweh when they ate and drank. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “it was for yourselves that you ate and drank.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
200	7:7	qy27	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Were these not the same words & to the west?	Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “These are the same words … to the west.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
201	7:7	dqw4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	by the mouth of the former prophets	Here “mouth” is a metonym for the words spoken by the mouth. Alternate translation: “by the words of the former prophets” or “through the former prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
202	7:7	n812		you still inhabited Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “you still lived in Jerusalem”
203	7:7	vp7q		foothills	hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range
204	7:8	jsk3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word of Yahweh came to Zechariah, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
205	7:9	v17g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Judge with true justice, covenant faithfulness, and mercy	The abstract nouns “justice,” “faithfulness,” and “mercy” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “When you judge, be just, faithful to the covenant, and merciful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
206	7:9	k9pm		Let each man do this	The word “this” refers to how a person should judge.
207	7:10	b2r9		widow	a woman whose husband has died
208	7:10	za7v		orphan	a child whose parents have died
209	7:10	ht31		foreigner	someone who travels from his own land to a different land
210	7:10	jdb5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	let none of you plot any harm against another in your heart	Here “heart” represents the thoughts of a person. Alternate translation: “you must not make plans to do evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
211	7:11	l8vz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	set their shoulders stubbornly	This is an image of an ox refusing to allow its owner to put a yoke on its shoulders. This metaphor represents the people being stubborn. Alternate translation: “became stubborn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
212	7:11	if1l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They stopped up their ears so they would not hear	This is an image of people putting something into their ears so they would not hear the message from Yahweh. This metaphor represents the people not being willing to hear and obey. Alternate translation: “They refused to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
213	7:12	ieh1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	They made their hearts as hard as rock so they would not hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts	The people refusing to hear and obey Yahweh are compared to their being as unyielding as rock. Here the heart represents the will of a person. Alternate translation: “They stubbornly refused to hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
214	7:12	j76s		in earlier times	Alternate translation: “in the past”
215	7:12	z4q7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	by the mouth of the prophets	Here the “mouth of the prophets” is a metonym for the words that the prophets speak. Alternate translation: “through the words of the prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
216	7:14	hga8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will scatter them with a whirlwind	Yahweh speaks of how he will scatter the people as if a whirlwind were scattering everything in its path. Alternate translation: “I will scatter them as a whirlwind scatters things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
217	7:14	x4q6		whirlwind	a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage
218	7:14	c1xg		delightful land	Alternate translation: “pleasant land” or “fruitful land”
219	8:intro	uri7			Zechariah 8 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is a series of sayings from Yahweh of hosts. Each saying is an encouraging note for those returning from the exile to the land of Judah and Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]])
220	8:1	eh47	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in Zechariah 7:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
221	8:2	rx8t		I am passionate for Zion	Alternate translation: “I have a strong desire to protect Zion”
222	8:2	vc1c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for Zion	Here “Zion” represents the people of Zion. Alternate translation: “for the people of Zion” or “for the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
223	8:2	w6qx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	with great anger	The implied information is that this anger is against the enemies of Zion. Alternate translation: “with great anger against her enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
224	8:3	m9ri	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the mountain of Yahweh of hosts	The implied information is that this refers to Mount Zion, the location upon which the city of Jerusalem was built. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
225	8:4	nus3		be in the streets of Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “be living in Jerusalem”
226	8:4	z297	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	in his hand because he has grown so old	People having the opportunity to grow old implies the city will be peaceful and prosperous for a long time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
227	8:5	y52e		The streets of the city will be full	The public areas of the city will be full of people in their normal activities.
228	8:6	n3ga	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	If something seems impossible in the eyes of	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “If something does not appear to be possible to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
229	8:6	d5cx		the remnant of this people	Alternate translation: “the people of Judah who survive”
230	8:6	c478	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in my eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
231	8:6	kp58	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:4. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
232	8:7	f4bz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I am about to rescue my people	The implied information is that the people are in exile. “I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
233	8:7	x6hq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	from the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sun	This could mean: (1) this is a poetic way of expressing specific countries to which the people were exiled. Alternate translation: “From the land to the east and from the land to the west” or (2) this is a merism that means from all directions. Alternate translation: “from all lands in every direction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
234	8:8	bcy7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	I will be their God in truth and in righteousness	This can be rewritten to remove the abstract nouns “truth” and “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I will be their God. I will be faithful to them and act toward them in a just manner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
235	8:9	h94j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Strengthen your hands	This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “Be strong and courageous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
236	8:10	h2cs		For before those days	Here “those days” refers to the time the people of Judah started to rebuild the temple.
237	8:10	gp8k		no crops were gathered in	Alternate translation: “there were no crops to harvest”
238	8:10	z6fg		there was no profit for either man or beast	It was useless for people and their animals to farm the land, because they got no food from it.
239	8:10	qe6a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	for anyone going or coming	This merism refers to all of life’s activities everywhere that anyone went. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
240	8:10	uh2k		I had set every person each against his neighbor	Alternate translation: “I had turned everyone against each other”
241	8:11	cg9b		But now it will not be as in former days, I will be with the remnant of this people	Alternate translation: “But I will not treat the remnant of this people now as I did in former days”
242	8:11	pcv2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	in former days	“in the past.” The implied information is that this refers to the time when the people started rebuilding the temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
243	8:11	k5pg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the remnant of this people	The implied information is that this is the remnant of the people who returned from exile. Alternate translation: “the people who returned from exile” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
244	8:11	ec3e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:3. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
245	8:12	sdy1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	seeds of peace will be sown	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “the people will safely sow seed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
246	8:12	nk96	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the earth will give its produce; the skies will give their dew	The earth and skies are spoken of as if they were persons giving what is needed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
247	8:12	gq8d		inherit all these things	Alternate translation: “to have all these things”
248	8:13	y21m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	You were an example to the other nations of a curse	The implied information is that the way Yahweh had allowed the temple to be destroyed and his people to be exiled had been used by other nations as an example of what it meant to be cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse a people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
249	8:13	mk9i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	house of Judah and house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Judah and Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
250	8:13	sqv8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	you will be a blessing	This could mean: (1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. Alternate translation: “you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations” or (2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people” or (3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “I will give you many good things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
251	8:13	msq7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	let your hands be strong	This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “be strong and courageous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
252	8:13	v8du	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	house of Judah and house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: “people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
253	8:14	z32e		do harm to you	Alternate translation: “punish you”
254	8:14	ry4z		provoked my anger	Alternate translation: “angered me”
255	8:14	pw4j		did not relent	Alternate translation: “did not decide to punish them less”
256	8:15	tg1a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Jerusalem	This is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
257	8:16	r54n		that you must do	“You” refers to the people of Judah.
258	8:16	iy65	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Speak truth, every person with his neighbor	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word truth, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “true.” Alternate translation: “Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
259	8:16	m4ld		his neighbor	Here “neighbor” means any person, not just someone who lives nearby.
260	8:16	u5kf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates	This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “truth,” “justice,” and “peace.” Alternate translation: “When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
261	8:16	k4ez	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	in your gates	The assumed knowledge is that this refers to the places where judgment took place. Alternate translation: “in your places of judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
262	8:17	l5wh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:4. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
263	8:18	u3xt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in Zechariah 7:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
264	8:18	uuz1		came to me	Here “me” refers to Zechariah.
265	8:19	hr3x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	The fasts of the fourth month, the fifth month, the seventh month, and the tenth month	“The fasts of months 4, 5, 7, and 10” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
266	8:19	x9kp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The fasts of the fourth month	The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians broke through the walls of Jerusalem. The fourth month is during the last part of June and the first part of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
267	8:19	je6q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the fifth month	The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. See how you translated this in Zechariah 7:3. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
268	8:19	h4zn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the seventh month	The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. See how you translated this in Zechariah 7:5. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
269	8:19	qk5a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the tenth month	The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians began their siege against Jerusalem. The tenth month is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
270	8:19	v6ls	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	times of joy, gladness, and happy festivals	The abstract nouns “joy” and “gladness” can be translated using adjectives. Alternate translation: “joyful and glad times, with happy festivals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
271	8:19	vyd5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
272	8:19	c9gv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	love truth and peace	The abstract nouns “truth” and “peace” can be translated using adjectives. Alternate translation: “love what is truthful and peaceful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
273	8:20	r5qf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	People will come again	The implied information is that Jerusalem is where the people will come. Alternate translation: “People will come again to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
274	8:21	rvs3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	will go to another city	This is a metonym for the people in the other city. Alternate translation: “will go to the people of another city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
275	8:21	b98a		beg	Here the word “beg” means to plead or ask urgently.
276	8:21	k69q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	before the face of Yahweh	Here “face” is a metonym for Yahweh’s presence. See how you translated this in Zechariah 7:2. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
277	8:21	szh9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	seek Yahweh of hosts	Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
278	8:22	nz8j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	mighty nations	This is a metonym for the people in the mighty nations. Alternate translation: “people of mighty nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
279	8:23	vw6j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	will grasp the hem of your robe	The implied information is that the foreigners will grab their robe to get their attention. Alternate translation: “will grasp the hem of your robe to get your attention” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
280	8:23	ed1e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Let us go with you	The implied information is that people of God are going to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Let us go to Jerusalem with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
281	8:23	wc2l		God is with you	Alternate translation: “God is with you people”
282	9:intro	lyp2			Zechariah 9 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is written mainly in prose about the cities and peoples around where Israel stood as a country until the exile. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 9:9-10. Special concepts in this chapter Prophecies against other nations The first two verses show that the prophecy concerns neighboring countries. Hamath, Damscus, Tyre and Sidon are cities in areas that were near Israel. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
283	9:1	gn78		This is a declaration of Yahweh’s word concerning	Alternate translation: “This is Yahweh’s message about”
284	9:1	fjj8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the land of Hadrak and Damascus	Here “Hadrak” and “Damascus” refer to the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “the people of the land of Hadrak and the city Damascus” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
285	9:1	xk5a		Hadrak	The location of Hadrak is unknown today.
286	9:1	q7lh		its resting place	Alternate translation: “the resting place of the people of Hadrak”
287	9:1	fi2z		for the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh	Some versions translate this as “for Yahweh’s eye is on all mankind and on the tribes of Israel.”
288	9:1	b62m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh	Here “eyes” refers to what they look at. Alternate translation: “all humanity and all the tribes of Israel look toward Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
289	9:2	dbk5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Hamath	This refers to the people who live in that land. Alternate translation: “the people of the land of Hamath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
290	9:2	x51x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Tyre and Sidon	This refers to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “the people of Tyre and Sidon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
291	9:2	z6mi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	for they are very wise	This could mean: (1) the people are wise for looking at Yahweh for help or (2) Zechariah did not really mean that the people of Hamath were wise and was using irony. Alternate translation: “though they think they are very wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
292	9:3	vi9s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	built herself a stronghold	Here the city of Tyre is pictured as a woman. Alternate translation: “built a strong fortress” or “built a high wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
293	9:3	p2xv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	heaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streets	Yahweh exaggerates to emphasize how rich Tyre was. Alternate translation: “accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
294	9:4	ps4e		Look! The Lord will dispossess her	Here “Look!” tells the reader to pay attention to the important statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyre’s possessions”
295	9:4	nf2a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	destroy her strength on the sea	Tyre’s “strength on the sea” refers to the ships that were used for commerce and conquest. Alternate translation: “destroy Tyre’s ships in which men fight on the sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
296	9:4	rk76	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	so she will be devoured by fire	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and enemies will burn the city to the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
297	9:5	zx4k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Ashkelon & Gaza & Ekron, her hopes	These cities each refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “The people of Ashkelon … the people of Gaza … the hopes of the people of Ekron” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
298	9:5	ae33		will see	Alternate translation: “will see Tyre be destroyed”
299	9:6	fmu2		Strangers will make their homes in Ashdod	Alternate translation: “Foreigners will take over Ashdod and live there”
300	9:6	r481	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I will cut off the pride of the Philistines	Here “cut off” is an idiom that means to stop their pride. Alternate translation: “I will make the Philistines to be proud of themselves no longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
301	9:7	efh7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will remove their blood from their mouths and their abominations from between their teeth	Here “blood” is a metonym for meat with blood in it, and “abominations” is a metonym for meat offered to idols. Alternate translation: “I will no longer allow them to eat meat that still has blood in it, and I will forbid them to eat food that they offered to idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
302	9:8	l2f6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will camp around my land	God is speaking about himself as if he were an army that was protecting his land. Alternate translation: “I will protect my land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
303	9:8	lp3e		for now	Alternate translation: “For at that time”
304	9:8	gnt8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I see with my own eyes	Here “my own eyes” represent Yahweh’s personal attention. Alternate translation: “I will personally watch over my land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
305	9:9	iqk3		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13.
306	9:9	u6p1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Shout with great joy, daughter of Zion! Shout with happiness, daughter of Jerusalem!	These two sentences mean the same thing and intensify the command to rejoice. Yahweh is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if they were present, but they were not there. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
307	9:9	apz5		daughter of Zion & daughter of Jerusalem	“Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. See how you translated “daughter of Zion” in Zechariah 2:10.
308	9:9	sey9		Behold!	This alerts the reader to pay special attention to the surprising statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention!” or “Here is a surprising fact!”
309	9:9	ke7v		Your king is coming to you with righteousness and is rescuing you	Alternate translation: “Your king is righteous and is coming to rescue you”
310	9:9	kjw8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	on a donkey, on the colt of a donkey	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to one animal. The second phrase clarifies that this is a young donkey. Alternate translation: “on a young donkey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
311	9:10	ca4d		cut off the chariot from Ephraim	Here “cut off” is an idiom that means to destroy. Alternate translation: “destroy the chariots in Israel that are used for battle”
312	9:10	f5sv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the horse from Jerusalem	The references to “chariot” and “bow” means that this refers to horses used in battle. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the warhorses in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
313	9:10	n8py	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the bow will be cut off from battle	Here the bow represents all weapons used in warfare. Alternate translation: “all weapons of war will be destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
314	9:10	xh6q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for he will speak peace to the nations	Here the action of announcing peace represents the action of making peace. Alternate translation: “for your king will bring peace to the nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
315	9:10	m1ef	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	his dominion will be from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth!	The phrases “sea to sea” and “from the River to the ends of the earth” mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will be over all the earth!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
316	9:10	rij4		the River	This probably refers to the Euphrates River.
317	9:11	w1wr		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13.
318	9:11	tj3z		As for you	Here “you” is singular, and continues to refer to the city of Jerusalem, also called “Zion.”
319	9:11	n83k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the pit where there is no water	This dry pit represents the exile in Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
320	9:12	g5c5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Return to the stronghold	Jerusalem is spoken of as a place of safety. Alternate translation: “Come back to your nation where you will be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
321	9:12	v54r		prisoners of hope	This expression refers to the Israelites in exile who were still trusting in God to rescue them. Alternate translation: “prisoners who still hope in Yahweh”
322	9:12	xt6s		return double to you	Alternate translation: “return to you twice as much as was taken from you”
323	9:13	sjg3		Zion	This refers to the city of Jerusalem, also called “Zion.”
324	9:13	mwe7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I have bent Judah as my bow	The people of Judah are referred to as if they were a bow carried by God into battle. Here “Judah” refers to the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Judah to be like my bow” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
325	9:13	ki73	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	filled my quiver with Ephraim	Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel, the northern kingdom, as if they were arrows that he would shoot at his enemies. A quiver is a bag that holds a soldier’s arrows. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
326	9:13	es7k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I have roused your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece	God is speaking to the people of two different nations at the same time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
327	9:14	h8w9		General Information:	General Information: In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.
328	9:14	ms12		will appear to them	The word “them” refers to God’s people. Alternate translation: “will be seen in the sky by his people” or “will come to his people”
329	9:14	j3mb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	his arrows will shoot out like lightning!	The Israelites sometimes thought of lightning bolts as arrows that God shot. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
330	9:14	qh4y		blow the trumpet	The trumpets were rams’ horns. People blew into them to give signals in battle and on other occasions. Here the trumpet is blown as a military signal.
331	9:14	cdu9		will advance with the storms from Teman	Team was located to the south of Judah. The Israelites sometimes thought of God as traveling on violent storms coming from the south. Alternate translation: “will march from Teman with the storm winds”
332	9:15	rq95		they will devour them	Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will devour their enemies”
333	9:15	l59u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will devour	To completely defeat enemies is spoken of as devouring them as a wild animal eats its prey. Alternate translation: “will completely defeat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
334	9:15	fq6x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	defeat the stones of the slings	Slings to throw stones were a common weapon in the days of Zechariah. Here the “stones of the slings” represent the soldiers who were using them to attack Israel. Alternate translation: “defeat the enemies who attack them with slings and stones” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
335	9:15	ure5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Then they will drink and shout like men drunk on wine	The people of Judah will shout and celebrate their victory over their enemies as if they were noisy drunks. Alternate translation: “Then they will shout and celebrate their victory as loudly as if they were drunk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
336	9:15	t8ng	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	they will be filled with wine like bowls	This probably refers to the bowls that the priests used to carry animal’s blood to the altar. Alternate translation: “they will be as full of wine as the basins with which priests carry blood to the altar” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
337	9:15	h8j2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like the corners of the altar	Altars had projecting corners that were drenched in animal blood. Alternate translation: “they will be drenched as the corners of the altar are covered in blood” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
338	9:16	t4gy		General Information:	General Information: In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.
339	9:16	i4qw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	God will rescue them & as the flock of his people	The people of Israel are spoken of as if they are God’s sheep that he cares for and protects. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
340	9:16	kyv5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They are the jewels of a crown	The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were the expensive jewels in the crown of a king that show how glorious he is. Alternate translation: “They will be like beautiful stones in a crown” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
341	9:17	udt9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	How good and how beautiful they will be!	This is an exclamation, and not a question. Alternate translation: “They will be very good and beautiful!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
342	9:17	rzm2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The young men will flourish on grain and the virgins on sweet wine!	This sentence uses a parallel structure to express that everyone will have plenty to eat and drink. If your readers might think that only the men ate and only the women drank, you may want to adjust the wording. Alternate translation: “All of the people, both men and women, will have plenty of grain to eat and sweet wine to drink!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
343	9:17	uf1p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The young men & the virgins	These two phrases are parallel and together represent the entire population of Israel. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
344	9:17	x8zq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	grain & sweet wine	These two phrases are parallel and together represent all of the different kinds of the food and drink. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
345	10:intro	jmh9			Zechariah 10 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]]) Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 10:1-2. Special concepts in this chapter Redemption This book, and especially this chapter, uses the concepts of redemption and remnant to share the relationship that the people of Judah have with their God. So many of the people of Israel perished as their kingdom went into exile. Now they are returning to the land, but the land is no longer theirs. They are living under foreign rule. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]])
346	10:1	ybt5		vegetation in the field	Alternate translation: “causes plants to grow in the field”
347	10:2	wcl5		household idols speak falsely	“household idols give false messages.” Zechariah is not suggesting that idols actually speak. He is referring to the messages people say they hear from idols. The UST makes this explicit.
348	10:2	tc8c		diviners envision a lie	Alternate translation: “diviners see false visions”
349	10:2	e8gu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	they tell deceitful dreams	It is implied that they know these dreams are false. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “diviners lie about their dreams in order to deceive people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
350	10:2	xi1f		empty comfort	This refers to words that sooth temporarily, but do not provide any longterm help.
351	10:2	nb46	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	they wander like sheep	The people who do not have true prophets who tell the truth are spoken of as sheep who do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: “the people who listen to the false prophets are like sheep who do not know which way to go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
352	10:2	zr2e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	they & suffer because there is no shepherd	The people who do not have true prophets are spoken of as sheep who suffer because they do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: “the people who listen to the false prophets … are suffering like sheep who do not have a shepherd to guide them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
353	10:3	e9x1		General Information:	General Information: It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5.
354	10:3	iq7u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	My wrath burns against the shepherds	Here “the shepherds” represent the leaders of God’s people. The intensity of Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it was a blazing fire. Alternate translation: “My anger toward the shepherds of my people is as intense as a fire” or “I am very angry with the leaders of my people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
355	10:3	ir6n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	it is the male goats—the leaders—that I will punish	Male goats are typically more dominant than female goats. Here “male goats” represents the oppressive leaders of God’s people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
356	10:3	r33n		Yahweh of hosts will also attend to his flock, the house of Judah	Here Yahweh’s care for his people is spoken of as a shepherd cares for his sheep. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts will take care of the house of Judah as a shepherd cares for his sheep”
357	10:3	t1tc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
358	10:3	dd5g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	make them like his warhorse in battle	Yahweh changes the metaphor for his people from defenseless sheep to a mighty war horse. He speaks of his people as if they were a strong horse in battle. Alternate translation: “will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
359	10:4	l1sr		General Information:	General Information: It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5.
360	10:4	se8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	From Judah will come the cornerstone	“The cornerstone will come from Judah.” The most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main foundation stone of a building. Alternate translation: “One of the descendants of Judah will become the most important ruler” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
361	10:4	xep2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage	the cornerstone & the tent peg & the war bow	This could mean: (1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or (2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
362	10:4	q653	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	from him will come the tent peg	“the tent peg will come from him.” The tent pegs held the ropes that supported tents in which people lived. Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main peg that holds a tent in place. Alternate translation: “the leader who will hold the nation together will come from Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
363	10:4	mgt1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	from him will come the war bow	“the war bow will come from him.” Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the a war bow that was used in battle. Alternate translation: “the military leader will come from Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
364	10:4	cw1m		from him will come every ruler together	Alternate translation: “every ruler will come from Judah”
365	10:5	sg3z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	They will be like warriors & streets in battle	The rulers from Judah are spoken of as if they were victorious warriors. Alternate translation: “They will be mighty in battle, trampling their enemies into the mud of the streets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
366	10:5	f7n7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	who trample their enemies into the mud of the streets in battle	To trample them into the mud is an idiom that means to completely defeat them. Alternate translation: “who defeat their enemies completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
367	10:5	xrr5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh is with them	Here “with them” is an idiom that means he is present to help them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will help them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
368	10:5	a47d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	they will shame those who ride warhorses	Here shame accompanies and represents defeat. Alternate translation: “they will defeat their enemies who ride warhorses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
369	10:6	skk5		General Information:	General Information: In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
370	10:6	tf8l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
371	10:6	q4yn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Joseph	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
372	10:6	b62v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I had not cast them off	This speaks of the people as a torn or dirty garment that Yahweh took off and threw away. This symbolizes rejection. Alternate translation: “I had not rejected them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
373	10:7	zfa5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Ephraim will be like a warrior	“Ephraim” refers here to the northern kingdom of Israel. Warriors are strong. Alternate translation: “Ephraim will be very strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
374	10:7	pg8l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	their hearts will rejoice as with wine	Here “hearts” refers to the whole person. They will have the same joy as a person who is enjoying drinking wine. Alternate translation: “and they will be very happy” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
375	10:7	u9gr		their children will see and rejoice. Their hearts will rejoice in me!	Alternate translation: “their children will see what has taken place and will be happy because of what Yahweh has done for them!”
376	10:8	rt4z		General Information:	General Information: In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
377	10:8	h3zu		I will whistle	To whistle is to produce a high, shrill sound with air through narrowed lips. It is often done to give a signal to other people, as here.
378	10:9	a419	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I sowed them among the peoples	The exile of the people is spoken of as if they were seed that Yahweh had planted in a distant land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
379	10:10	qvy9		until there is no more room for them	The people will continue to go back to Judah and it will become crowded with no room for any more people to live there. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “and they will completely fill the land”
380	10:11	gh3n		General Information:	General Information: In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
381	10:11	kec9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will pass through the sea of their affliction	Scripture often refers to the sea as an image of many troubles and hardships. Here Yahweh speaks of himself accompanying the people to help them go through these afflictions. Alternate translation: “I will go with them and help them as they go through their many afflictions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
382	10:11	sq3e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I will strike the waves of that sea	Here to “strike” the waves is an idiom that means he will stop the waves from forming. Stopping the afflictions of his people is spoken of as calming the waves of that sea. Alternate translation: “I will cause the waves of that sea of affliction to stop” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
383	10:11	ve5n		will dry up all the depths of the Nile	Alternate translation: “I will cause the Nile River to lose all its water”
384	10:11	h8a4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The majesty of Assyria will be brought down	Here “the majesty of Assyria” probably refers to the Assyrian army. Alternate translation: “I will destroy Assyria’s proud army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
385	10:11	g3sx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the scepter of Egypt will go away from the Egyptians	Here “the scepter of Egypt” refers to the political power of Egypt. Alternate translation: “the power of Egypt to rule other nations will end” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
386	10:12	wnc7		I will strengthen them in myself	Alternate translation: “I will cause them to be strong and to believe in me”
387	10:12	dh7y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:4. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
388	11:intro	up7e			Zechariah 11 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter unlike the previous one is a warning against the leaders amongst the exiles. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 11:1-3, 17. Important figures of speech in this chapter Metaphor This chapter uses an extended metaphor of sheep and shepherds to convey Yahweh’s dismay at the leaders during the exiles. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Symbolism The writer uses symbolism. Zechariah is told to become a shepherd. He uses two staffs and names them “Unity” and “Favor.” He does this very purposefully. In order to preserve this symbolism, it is important to pay attention to the specific words used. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])
389	11:1	d6vm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Open your doors, Lebanon, that fire may devour	Not resisting what is about to happen is spoken of as if Lebanon were opening its doors. Here “Lebanon” is a metonym that represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “People of Lebanon, get ready, because fire will devour” or “People of Lebanon, do not try to stop the fire that will devour” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
390	11:1	kmf3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	fire may devour your cedars	Fire completely burning up the cedars is spoken of as if the fire would devour the cedars. Alternate translation: “fire may completely destroy your cedars” or “fire may completely burn up your cedars” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
391	11:2	fu2k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Lament, cypress trees, for the cedar trees have fallen	Cypress trees are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: “If the trees were people, they would cry out in sorrow. The cypress trees stand alone because the cedars have burned and fallen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
392	11:2	fq53	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	What was majestic has been devastated	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The majestic cedar trees are no more” or “The cedar trees were once majestic, but now they are ruined” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
393	11:2	gbt2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Lament, you oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest has gone down.	The oaks of Bash are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: “If the oak trees in Bashan were people, they would wail, for their thick forests are gone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
394	11:3	pb1q		The shepherds howl	Alternate translation: “The shepherds cry out loudly”
395	11:3	ji77	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for their glory has been destroyed	Here “their glory” probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. Alternate translation: “for their rich pastures are ruined” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
396	11:3	h9cl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for the pride of the Jordan River has been devastated	Here “the pride” probably represents the forests that grew near the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
397	11:4	zxx9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	General Information:	General Information: In 11:4-17 is a story about two shepherds. This could mean: (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
398	11:4	u48q		watch over the flock set aside for slaughter	Alternate translation: “take care of a flock of sheep that the owners plan to slaughter”
399	11:5	ip1w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	are not punished	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one punishes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
400	11:6	ljs6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:4. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
401	11:6	f3ps		See!	Alternate translation: “Listen!” or “Pay attention!”
402	11:6	t499	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	I myself	The word “myself” is used to emphasize that it is Yahweh who will do these things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
403	11:6	qz87	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	turn over every person into the hand of his neighbor and into the hand of his king	Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “allow the people to harm each other and the king will oppress them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
404	11:6	sr77	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	none of them will I deliver them from their hand	Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will not save them from those who are harming them” or “I will not rescue them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
405	11:7	jsk4		for those who dealt in sheep	Alternate translation: “for those who bought and sold sheep”
406	11:7	gy5l		Favor	Other versions of the Bible translate this word as “grace,” “beauty,” or “pleasant.”
407	11:8	kqz7		I became impatient with them,	This could mean: (1) “them” refers to the three shepherds or (2) “them” refers to the sheep owners.
408	11:9	cnt4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the sheep that are perishing—let them perish” or “the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
409	11:11	m881	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the covenant was broken	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the covenant ended” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
410	11:11	ve5p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	knew that Yahweh had spoken	It is implied that those watching knew Yahweh was giving them a message through the breaking of the staff. Alternate translation: “knew that Yahweh had given them a message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
411	11:12	x7fr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	thirty pieces of silver	It is implied that this was very little pay for the shepherd. Alternate translation: “only thirty pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
412	11:12	zf3a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	thirty pieces	“30 pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
413	11:13	dv1a		treasury	This is the place in the temple of Yahweh where the priests kept the money. Many versions of the Bible translate this as “potter.” This is the person who would melt metal to make vessels out of it. Here Yahweh would mean that the payment is so small that the shepherd should have the silver melted to show how insulted he was.
414	11:13	ye4f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	the excellent price	Yahweh uses irony to say that this price was very small for a shepherd doing Yahweh’s work. Alternate translation: “the ridiculously small amount of money” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
415	11:14	js8t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	between Judah and Israel	Here “Judah” represents the people of the southern kingdom and “Israel” represents the people of the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: “between the people of Judah and the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
416	11:16	t1g5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I am about to set in place a shepherd in the land	Here “set in place” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am about to appoint a shepherd in the land” or “I am about to put a shepherd in charge in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
417	11:16	qq2g		the fattened sheep	Alternate translation: “the fattest sheep” or “the best sheep”
418	11:16	wwi6		will tear off their hooves	This was probably done as an act of cruelty.
419	11:17	wum9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	May the sword	Here “sword” represents enemies who will attack the shepherd. Alternate translation: “May enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
420	11:17	zwk6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	come against his arm and his right eye	Here “come against” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “strike and wound his right arm and pierce his right eye” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
421	11:17	gqb9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his arm	Here “arm” represents the power to fight. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
422	11:17	c27h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	his right eye	A soldier would use his right eye to look around the shield that he held with his left hand. If his right eye was wounded, he would not be able to see to fight in war. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
423	11:17	h47i		his arm wither away	Alternate translation: “his arm waste away” or “his arm become completely useless”
424	12:intro	cr4a			Zechariah 12 General Notes Structure and formatting Similar to chapter 11, this chapter is written mainly in prose and is talking about Jerusalem. Special concepts in this chapter Prophecy Verses 10-11 are quoted in the New Testament and apply to Jesus’ death on the cross. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]])
425	12:1	vy11		General Information:	General Information: These verses begin a section that tells about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
426	12:1	mz3s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	who stretched out the skies	This is a metaphor that speaks of the sky as if it were like a scroll that is rolled up and needs to be stretched out. Alternate translation: “the one who created the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
427	12:1	gzl6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	laid the foundation of the earth	This is a metaphor that speaks of the earth as if it were a building with a foundation. Alternate translation: “put all the earth into place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
428	12:1	gnm5		fashions the spirit of mankind within man	This is a metaphor that speaks of the spirit as if it were like clay that a potter shapes. Alternate translation: “creates the human spirit”
429	12:2	ez4w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I am about to make Jerusalem into a cup & to stagger about	Yahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if Yahweh would make Jerusalem a cup full of an alcoholic drink that will cause the surrounding peoples to get drunk and stagger. Alternate translation: “Soon it will be like I make Jerusalem into a cup … to stagger about” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
430	12:2	s5lx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	into a cup	Here “cup” represents the cup and the contents within the cup. Alternate translation: “into a cup full of wine” or “into a cup full of an alcoholic drink” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
431	12:2	h8sn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	surrounding her	Here “her” refers to the city of Jerusalem. It was common in Hebrew to speak of a city or country as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
432	12:3	u546	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will make Jerusalem a heavy stone for all the peoples	Yahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if he would make Jerusalem a heavy stone. Alternate translation: “It will be like I will make Jerusalem a heavy stone for all the peoples” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
433	12:4	h97f		General Information:	General Information: These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
434	12:4	w42z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Over the house of Judah I will open my eyes	Opening eyes over someone here is a metaphor for wanting to do good things for that person. Alternate translation: “I will do good things for the house of Judah” or “I will protect the house of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
435	12:4	jgj7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Judah	Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
436	12:5	g3n8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	say in their hearts	Here “hearts” represents a person’s mind. Alternate translation: “think to themselves” or “say to themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
437	12:5	w95z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	are our strength	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word strength, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “strong” or “encourage.” Alternate translation: “make us strong” or “encourage us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
438	12:5	u38m		Yahweh of hosts, their God	Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts, the God they worship”
439	12:6	zv3y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like firepots among wood & standing grain	This simile means Yahweh will enable the leaders of Judah to be strong and able to lead the people to defeat their enemies. Alternate translation: “like firepots among stacked firewood … unharvested stalks of grain standing in a field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
440	12:6	cjb8		firepots	clay pots in which ancient people often carried burning coals
441	12:6	vm57		flaming torch	a wooden stick that is burning at one end which gives light as one travels or carries fire somewhere
442	12:6	iv6n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will consume all the surrounding peoples	Completely destroying the peoples is spoken of as if the people of Judah will “devour” them. Alternate translation: “will destroy the surrounding peoples” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
443	12:6	l53t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	on their right and on their left	Here “right” and “left” represent every direction. Alternate translation: “in every direction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
444	12:6	hh2l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Jerusalem will again live in her own place	Here “Jerusalem” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem will again live in their own city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
445	12:7	qxb1		General Information:	General Information: These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
446	12:7	nba7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the tents of Judah	Here “tents” represents homes, and homes represent the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
447	12:7	h87n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of David	This could mean: (1) the descendants of David or (2) the ruling class of people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
448	12:8	ys6n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	those who are weak among them will be like David	This simile means those who are weak will be strong. Alternate translation: “those who are weak will be strong like David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
449	12:8	zz25		the angel of Yahweh	This is an angel sent by Yahweh to protect the people.
450	12:10	f9d7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will pour out a spirit of compassion and pleading on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem	Causing the people to be compassionate and to plead is spoken of as if the spirit were a liquid that Yahweh would pour on them. Alternate translation: “I will cause the house of David and inhabitants of Jerusalem to have mercy on others and to pray to me for mercy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
451	12:10	dtc6		a spirit of compassion and pleading	Here this means to have a characteristic of compassion and pleading.
452	12:10	c3sx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of David	Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
453	12:10	zpa3		the one they have pierced	Alternate translation: “the one whom they stabbed to death”
454	12:10	rxx7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	for an only son	It is understood that the “son” has died. Alternate translation: “for an only son who has died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
455	12:11	mcu4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the laments in Jerusalem will be like the laments at Hadad Rimmon	Hadad Rimmon may have been the place where the good King Josiah died of battle wounds after the Battle of Megiddo. It appears that the custom arose to hold periodic mourning there for his death. Some people, however, think that Hadad Rimmon was the name of a false god who was believed to die every year, an event for which his worshipers would go into mourning. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
456	12:11	qg93	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Megiddo	This is the name of a plain in Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
457	12:12	jj6q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The land will mourn	This represents all the people living in the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “All the people in the land of Judah will mourn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
458	12:12	qth7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The clan of the house of David & The clan of the house of Nathan	Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of David … The descendants of Nathan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
459	12:13	r6fc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The clan of the house of Levi	Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Levi” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
460	13:intro	jz2l			Zechariah 13 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is written partly in prose and partly in poetry. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 13:7-9. Special concepts in this chapter Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase “that day” or “in that day.” When referencing a future “day,” the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
461	13:1	f2a5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a spring will be opened & for their sin and impurity	Forgiving the people’s sins is spoken of as if a spring of water will wash away their sins. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will be like a spring opens … to cleanse their sin and impurity” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
462	13:1	f3zc		a spring	a place where water flows naturally out of the ground
463	13:1	s36v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of David	Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
464	13:2	x2wt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:3. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
465	13:2	v452	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will cut off the names of the idols from the land	Causing the people to no longer mention the names of idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would “cut off the names of the idols from the land.” Alternate translation: “I will cause the people to no longer mention the names of the idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
466	13:2	u9ue	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	they will no longer be remembered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that they no longer think about the idols” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
467	13:2	mck6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will remove the prophets and the spirit of impurity from the land	The prophets may refer to “false prophets.” The spirit of impurity is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “I will also remove from the land the false prophets and their evil spirits” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
468	13:3	l7gb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	to prophesy	It is implied that these are false prophecies. Alternate translation: “to prophesy falsely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
469	13:3	rx4l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	his father and mother who bore him	The phrase “who bore him” describes “his father and mother” in order to express surprise that someone’s own parents would treat him in this way. Alternate translation: “his own father and mother” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
470	13:3	s24k		You will not live	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “You must die”
471	13:3	w2sb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you speak lies in the name of Yahweh	Speaking in the name of someone means speaking with his power and authority, or as his representative. Alternate translation: “you claim to speak for Yahweh but you speak lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
472	13:3	bap1		will pierce	Alternate translation: “will stab and kill him”
473	13:4	u383	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	each prophet	This implies false prophets. Alternate translation: “every false prophet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
474	13:4	jx8d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	no longer wear a hairy cloak	Prophets often wore heavy outer garments made of animal hair. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
475	13:5	wud8		I am a man who works the soil	Alternate translation: “I am a farmer”
476	13:5	ip2z		the land became my work while I was still a young man	Some versions of the Bible translate this as “a man sold me as a slave when I was young.” Alternate translation: “I became a farmer when I was young”
477	13:6	q1gg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	What are these wounds between your arms?	“How did you get those cuts on your chest?” This refers to the apparent custom of false prophets wounding themselves in their ceremonies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
478	13:6	f1cf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he will answer	It is implied that his answer is a lie. Alternate translation: “he will lie to him saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
479	13:7	l7mc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	General Information: Zechariah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here Yahweh begins speaking. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
480	13:7	c9hl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Sword! Rouse yourself against my shepherd	“You, sword! Go and attack my shepherd.” Here Yahweh speaks to a sword as if it were a person. Here it represents enemies. Alternate translation: “You, enemies! Go and attack my shepherd” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
481	13:7	z2t4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my shepherd	This speaks of a servant of Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: “my servant who is like a shepherd” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
482	13:7	r27c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:3. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
483	13:7	ttv9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the flock will scatter	The people of God are spoken of as if they were sheep. Alternate translation: “my people will run away like sheep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
484	13:7	kp5p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I will turn my hand against the lowly ones	The idiom “turn my hand against” means to act hostile towards someone. Alternate translation: “I will attack the lowly ones” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
485	13:7	tys6		the lowly ones	This probably refers to all the Israelites who are weak and defenseless.
486	13:8	u8xd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	that two-thirds of it will be cut off! Those people will perish; only one-third will remain there	People being killed is spoken of as if they are cut off like cloth is cut from a garment or a branch is cut from a plant. Alternate translation: “that two out of every three people will die! Only one person out of three will remain in the land” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
487	13:9	ac7v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will bring that third through the fire	Metal is passed through fire in order to purify or harden it. This expression serves here as a metaphor for exposing the people to suffering in order that they may become more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
488	13:9	h19l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	refine them as silver is refined; I will test them as gold is tested	Refining refers to making precious metals such as silver more pure. Metals such as silver and gold are tested in order to discover how pure or strong they are. Both refining and testing are here metaphors for making the people more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
489	13:9	ru4e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	They will call on my name	Here “name” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “They will call out to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
490	14:intro	ljq3			Zechariah 14 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is written in prose about Jerusalem during the last days. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) Special concepts in this chapter Last days Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase “that day” or “in that day.” When referencing a future “day,” the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days.
491	14:1	zs1r		General Information:	General Information: This chapter describes the final war for the city of Jerusalem and how God will save it.
492	14:1	a7h2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A day for Yahweh is coming when your plunder will be divided in your midst	A future time is spoken of as if “a day is coming.” The phrase “will be divided” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soon Yahweh will judge you, and he will allow your enemies to take all of your possessions and divide if for themselves while you watch” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
493	14:2	q4hu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	I will gather every nation against Jerusalem for battle	Here “every nation” is a generalization that means “many nations.” Alternate translation: “I will cause many nations to attack Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
494	14:2	qi2n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the city will be captured	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your enemies will capture the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
495	14:2	lk8a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The houses will be plundered and the women raped	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Enemies will plunder the houses and rape the women” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
496	14:2	cej1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the remainder of the people will not be cut off from the city	Not removing people from the city is spoken of as if the people will not be “cut off.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your enemies will allow the remaining people to stay in the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
497	14:3	l9z1		General Information:	General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save it. In this prophecy, Yahweh is described as a warrior who will come and fight in battle.
498	14:3	m5ez		as when he wages war on the day of battle	Alternate translation: “just as he fought battles in the past”
499	14:4	v1g4		On that day	Alternate translation: “At that time”
500	14:4	ak3r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives	Here “feet” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he will stand on the Mount of Olives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
501	14:4	kpm4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The Mount of Olives will be split & by a very great valley	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The presences of Yahweh will split the Mount of Olives … causing there to be a very great valley” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
502	14:5	x9i7		General Information:	General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
503	14:5	u952	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	you will flee	Here “you” is plural and refers to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
504	14:5	n974		between Yahweh’s mountains	This refers to the mountains created after the Mount of Olives split in half.
505	14:5	q9u5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Azel	This is the name of a town or village east of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
506	14:5	d8ly	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	You will flee just as you fled	Here “You will” refers to the people of Jerusalem. But, “you fled” refers to their ancestors since this describes an event that happened many years earlier. Alternate translation: “You will flee just as your ancestors fled” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
507	14:5	n1lh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in the days of Uzziah, king of Judah	Here “in the days” is an idiom that refers to the time when Uzziah was king. Alternate translation: “when Uzziah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
508	14:5	mw1g		the holy ones	This probably refers to God’s angels.
509	14:6	g29k		General Information:	General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
510	14:6	qjd1		On that day	Alternate translation: “At that time”
511	14:6	z2kn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	there will be no light	It is implied that there will be no light from the sun. Alternate translation: “there will be no light from the sun” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
512	14:7	yli2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	a day known only to Yahweh	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “only Yahweh knows when that day will begin” or “only Yahweh knows when that time will begin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
513	14:8	v254	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	living waters	This normally means running or flowing water, rather than still or stagnant water. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
514	14:8	wpw5		the eastern sea	This refers to the Dead Sea, which is east of Jerusalem.
515	14:8	uks5		the western sea	This refers to the Mediterranean Sea.
516	14:9	k9gf		General Information:	General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
517	14:9	r6ni	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	there will be Yahweh, the one God, and his name alone	Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation or character. Alternate translation: “people will know that Yahweh is the only true God” or “people will only worship Yahweh, the one true God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
518	14:10	wmv3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	All the land	It is implied that this is the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “All the land of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
519	14:10	sj4y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Arabah	This is the name of a plain in the Jordan River Valley. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
520	14:10	sxq5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Geba	This is the name of a town on the northern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
521	14:10	rz4c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Rimmon	This is the name of a town south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
522	14:10	uk8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	Jerusalem will continue to be raised up	This contrasts Jerusalem, which will remain at a higher elevation, to the surrounding area, which is lower in elevation. The contrast can be indicated by adding the word “but.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But, Jerusalem will remain high up” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
523	14:10	eay1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the Benjamin Gate & the first gate & the Corner Gate	These are names of gates in the northeast part of city wall of Jerusalem. This could mean: (1) “the first gate” and “the Corner Gate” refer to the same gate or (2) “the first gate” and “the Corner gate” are separate gates. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
524	14:10	t1rw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the Tower of Hananel	This refers to a strong point in the city defenses on the northern wall. It was probably built by a man named Hananel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
525	14:10	rki8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the king’s winepresses	This probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. It was located in the southwest part of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
526	14:11	gbk1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Jerusalem will live in safety	Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people will live safely in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
527	14:12	qiz5		General Information:	General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
528	14:12	wg9q		even as they are standing on their feet	“while they are still standing up.” This emphasizes how quickly their flesh will rot away. They will not even have time to lie down.
529	14:13	w6fr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	that great fear from Yahweh will come among them	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word fear, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause the people to be very terrified” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
530	14:13	yl73	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Each one will seize the hand of another, and the hand of one will be raised up against the hand of another	These are idioms that refer to being hostile towards another person. Alternate translation: “Each person will grab someone, and they will fight each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
531	14:14	jps4		General Information:	General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
532	14:14	n8dy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Judah will also fight against Jerusalem	Here “Judah” and “Jerusalem” represent the people that live there. Alternate translation: “Even the other people in Judah will fight against the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
533	14:14	h6q8		Judah will also fight against Jerusalem	Some versions of the Bible read, “Judah will also fight at Jerusalem.”
534	14:14	up2x		They will gather the wealth	Alternate translation: “They will capture all the valuable possessions”
535	14:14	q411		in great abundance	Alternate translation: “in great quantities”
536	14:16	wx98		General Information:	General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
537	14:16	rf9t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	that came against Jerusalem	Here “came against” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that attacked Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
538	14:16	y2h6		will instead go up from year to year	Alternate translation: “will instead go to Jerusalem every year”
539	14:16	ryt4		the Festival of Shelters	Alternate translation: “the Festival of Tabernacles” or “the Festival of Booths” or “the Festival of Tents”
540	14:18	q1tm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A plague from Yahweh will attack the nations	Causing people to suffer from a plague is spoken of as if the plague would attack the people like an army. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause a plague among the people of the nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
541	14:19	ai96		General Information:	General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
542	14:20	q1hq		General Information:	General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
543	14:20	j9sd		the bells of the horses will say	Alternate translation: “the inscription on the bells of the horses will say”
544	14:20	ez1i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the basins in Yahweh’s house	These basins were used for boiling meat in the courtyard of the temple. Alternate translation: “the cooking pots in the courtyard of the temple” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
545	14:20	c8cd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	will be like the bowls before the altar	It is implied that the basins will be sacred like the bowls used for catching the blood of the sacrifices. Alternate translation: “will be as sacred as the bowls used at the altar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
546	14:21	q299		every pot in Jerusalem and Judah will be set apart to Yahweh of hosts	Various types of pots and utensils were made especially to be used in the temple for the worship of Yahweh and for the sacrifices. These were considered special, not to be used for anything else.
547	14:21	qfn5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	traders will no longer be in the house of Yahweh	It was the custom for traders to sell the people things they needed in order to make proper sacrifices to Yahweh in the temple. Alternate translation: “people will no longer buy or sell things in the courtyard of the temple of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
548	14:21	hw3t		traders	Some versions of the Bible translate “traders” as “Canaanites.”

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Introduction to Zechariah

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of the Book of Zechariah

What is the Book of Zechariah about?

How should the title of this book be translated?

Who wrote the Book of Zechariah?

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

Did Zechariah prophesy before Ezra, Nehemiah, and Haggai?

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

What is the meaning of the term “Israel”?

What imagery does Zechariah use in reference to the Messiah?

What does the phrase “that day” mean?

Zechariah 1 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Visions

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Date

Zechariah 2 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Visions

Important figures of speech in this chapter

“This is Yahweh’s declaration”

General Information:

Zechariah 3 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Difficult concepts in this chapter

Visions

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

The high priest

General Information:

Zechariah 4 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Visions

Connecting Statement:

Connecting Statement:

Zechariah 5 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Zechariah 6 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Crown

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Meaning of the visions

Zechariah 7 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Fasting

Zechariah 8 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Zechariah 9 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Prophecies against other nations

General Information:

General Information:

General Information:

General Information:

Zechariah 10 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Redemption

General Information:

General Information:

General Information:

General Information:

General Information:

Zechariah 11 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metaphor

Symbolism

General Information:

Zechariah 12 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Prophecy

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