en_tn/tn_JER.tsv at v69

917 KiB

Raw Permalink Blame History

1	Reference	ID	SupportReference	Quote	Note
2	front:intro	l3xj			Introduction to Jeremiah Part 1: General Introduction Outline of the Book of Jeremiah Yahweh calls Jeremiah to be a prophet (1:1-19) Yahweh will judge and punish Judah (2:1-29:32) Judah called to repent of spiritual adultery (2:1–6:30) Judah judged for its false religion (7:1–10:16) Jeremiah stands between Yahweh and his people (11:1–20:19) Jeremiah confronts his people (21:1–29:32) Yahweh promises to restore Judah (30:1-33:26) Yahweh will bring the people of Judah back to their land (30:1–24) Yahweh will create a new covenant with them (31:1–40) The people will come back (32:1–44) Kings descended from David will rule again (33:1–26) Jeremiah suffers (34:1-45:5) Before Yahweh punishes Judah (34:1–36:32) While Yahweh punishes Judah (37:1–39:18) After Yahweh punishes Judah (40:1–45:5) Yahweh will judge and punish the nations (46:1-51:64) Egypt (46:1–28) Philistia (47:1–28) Moab (48:1–47) Ammon (49:1–6) Edom (49:7–22) Damascus (49:23–27) Kedar (49:28–33) Elam (49:34–39) Babylonia (50:1–51:64) Jerusalem captured and destroyed (52:1–34) What is the Book of Jeremiah about? The Book of Jeremiah gives the prophesies of a priest named Jeremiah. It also tells how Jeremiah suffered in different ways while he prophesied. Jeremiah began prophesying about 626 B.C. After the death of King Josiah, many groups of people in Israel opposed Jeremiah. Some of these people wanted to depend on Egypt to protect the nation. Others were idol worshipers. They hated Jeremiah for denouncing their gods. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) During the reign of King Jehoiakim, Jeremiah prophesied about the temple of Yahweh. King Jehoiakim received some of these prophecies in writing and burned the document. The next king, Zedekiah, put Jeremiah in prison when he told the king to surrender to Babylon. King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia invaded Judah in 597 B.C. He conquered Jerusalem in 587 B.C. He offered Jeremiah housing and money if Jeremiah would go to Babylon. But Jeremiah remained in Jerusalem to help the few Jews left there. Shortly after that, Gedaliah, whom Nebuchadnezzar had chosen to be governor over Judah, was murdered. Some Jewish rebels captured Jeremiah and took him to Egypt. Those rebels went to Egypt to be protected there rather than to live under Nebuchadnezzar’s rule. Jeremiah may have died soon after being taken to Egypt. But while in Egypt he prophesied that the Babylonians would invade and conquer Egypt. How should the title of this book be translated? The traditional title of this book is “The Book of Jeremiah” or just “Jeremiah.” Translators may also call it the “The Book about Jeremiah” or “What the Prophet Jeremiah Said.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Who wrote the Book of Jeremiah? Jeremiah was a priest and a prophet living in Judah. He spoke the prophesies in the Book of Jeremiah. A friend named Baruch wrote down many of the prophecies as Jeremiah spoke them to him. Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts What is the new covenant that is presented in the Book of Jeremiah? Jeremiah introduced a “new covenant” between Yahweh and Israel (chapter 31). Yahweh would “write this covenant on the hearts” of the people. This means that the covenant would be a part of the people instead of just written on stone or paper. The people would obey the new covenant with all their heart. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) What relationship do Jeremiah’s prophecies have to the other nations besides Israel? Much of the Old Testament before this time is only about the nation of Israel. But Jeremiah also spoke of how Yahweh would judge other nations of the world. Yahweh would also punish the other nations for their wicked deeds. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Part 3: Important Translation Issues Are the events in the Book of Jeremiah told in the order that they actually happened? Many of the events in the Book of Jeremiah are not told in the order that they actually happened. Instead, the various prophecies appear to be arranged by topic. Why does the Book of Jeremiah refer to this prophet as “he” or “him”? Many times in the book, the author refers to Jeremiah as “Jeremiah” or “he.” This is unusual if Jeremiah wrote the book. The reason this occurs is perhaps because Baruch, Jeremiah’s secretary, wrote down some parts of the book. Translators should keep the words “Jeremiah” and “he.”
3	1:intro	e235			Jeremiah 1 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 1:4-10. Special concepts in this chapter Jeremiah appointed as prophet God chose Jeremiah to be his prophet and although many powerful people would be against him, God promised to protect him. This chapter emphasizes that Jeremiah was chosen by God to be his prophet. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) Northern kingdom This was not a reference to the northern kingdom of Israel; it had already been conquered. It was a reference to a kingdom located north of Judah, that is, to Babylon. The Babylonian armies would attack Judah and conquer it. Opposition The people were supposed to listen to God’s prophet. When he prophesied, they should have repented. Instead, they persecuted Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
4	1:1	zm8t		Jeremiah son of Hilkiah, one of the priests	Alternate translation: “Jeremiah son of Hilkiah. Jeremiah was one of the priests”
5	1:1	ynh2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hilkiah	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6	1:1	hbs3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Anathoth	This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7	1:1	m9zz		the land of Benjamin	Alternate translation: “the land that belongs to the tribe of Benjamin”
8	1:2	qj8r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word of Yahweh came to him	This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to him” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
9	1:2	tdx8		Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
10	1:2	gg1j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in the days of Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah	Here “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Josiah son of Amon was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11	1:2	xy18	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	the thirteenth	The word “thirteenth” is the ordinal form of “13.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
12	1:2	bvz7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Amon	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13	1:2	h452		his reign	Alternate translation: “Josiah’s reign”
14	1:3	wl81	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	the eleventh	The word “eleventh” is the ordinal form of “11.”(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
15	1:3	vh91		It also came	Alternate translation: “The word of Yahweh also came”
16	1:3	iba7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in the days of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah	Here “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Johoiakim son of Josiah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
17	1:3	ui8x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	the fifth month	This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
18	1:3	xqi2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	of Zedekiah	This refers to the rule of Zedekiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “of the reign of Zedekiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19	1:3	g4f3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	when the people of Jerusalem were taken away as prisoners	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. It can be stated clearly that they were taken to Babylon. Alternate translation: “when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem away as prisoners” or “when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem as prisoners to Babylon” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20	1:4	vzg7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word of Yahweh came to me, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
21	1:5	j2el		formed you	Alternate translation: “shaped you”
22	1:5	f9sn		before you came out from the womb	This can also be expressed without referring to the womb. Alternate translation: “before you were born”
23	1:6	x52n		Ah, Lord Yahweh	Here “Ah” shows Jeremiah’s fear of doing what God has said.
24	1:6	j6eh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	I do not know how to speak	Jeremiah may have been exaggerating to show his fear of speaking in public. Alternate translation: “I do not know how to speak in public” or “I do not know how to make announcements to people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
25	1:8	r2iu		Do not be afraid of them	Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid of the people I will send you to speak to”
26	1:8	jk96		this is Yahweh’s declaration	The word “this” refers to what Yahweh just said in verses 7 and 8.
27	1:8	tfp9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
28	1:9	gq1r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Then Yahweh reached out with his hand, touched my mouth	This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor representing Yahweh giving Jeremiah special authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then it was as though Yahweh touched my mouth” or (2) Jeremiah was seeing a vision and Yahweh actually did this as a symbolic act of giving Jeremiah authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh touched my mouth with his hand” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
29	1:9	sw5r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I have placed my word in your mouth	This phrase represents giving Jeremiah his message. Alternate translation: “I have given you my message for you to speak to the people” or “I have enabled you to tell the people my message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30	1:10	xz7w		I am appointing you & to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant	Jeremiah would do these things to various nations by saying that they would happen.
31	1:10	k126		to uproot and break down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant	He would uproot, break down, destroy and overthrow some nations, and he would build and plant other nations.
32	1:10	hzc6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to uproot	God speaks of Jeremiah destroying the nations by what he says as if the nations were plants and he were to pull them up out of the ground. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
33	1:10	vgg1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	to destroy and overthrow	Jeremiah uses these words, which mean almost the same thing, to show that this will certainly happen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
34	1:10	q2dm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to build and plant	God speaks of Jeremiah causing nations to become strong as if they were a building and he would build them, and as if they were plants and he would plant them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
35	1:11	i5z1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word of Yahweh came to me, saying, “What	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘What” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘What” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
36	1:11	hmj4		I see an almond branch	Yahweh shows Jeremiah a spiritual vision.
37	1:11	zuu3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	an almond branch	An almond tree is a kind of nut tree. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
38	1:12	mr44	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I am watching over my word to carry it out	This represents guaranteeing that he will do what he has said. Alternate translation: “I am remembering my word to carry it out” or “I guarantee that I will do what I have said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
39	1:12	s9ac		for I am watching over my word	The Hebrew words for “almond” and “watch over” sound almost the same. God wants Jeremiah to remember that God will make his word succeed.
40	1:13	ntu1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word of Yahweh came to me a second time, saying	The idiom “The word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
41	1:13	wx7m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	whose surface is churning	The surface refers to the surface of the water in the pot. Jeremiah could see the water boiling. Alternate translation: “whose water is boiling” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
42	1:13	dy8k		tipping away from the north	This means that it was tipping toward the south, where Jeremiah was in Judah.
43	1:14	sxk1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Disaster will be opened up out of the north	“Disaster will be let loose from the north.” This represents God causing disaster to come from the north to the south. Alternate translation: “Disaster will come from the north” or “I will send disaster from the north” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
44	1:15	ci59		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about the disaster that would come from the north.
45	1:15	eu1c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	everyone	This generalization refers to the kings of the northern kingdoms. Alternate translation: “every king” or “all of the northern kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
46	1:15	duv8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will set his throne at the entrance of the gates of Jerusalem	This could mean: (1) this represents ruling over Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will rule at the gates of Jerusalem” or (2) this represents judging Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will judge Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
47	1:15	j1zf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	against all the walls that surround it	Setting their thrones “against all the walls that surround it” represents commanding their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “and they will command their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
48	1:15	d8i9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	against all the cities of Judah	Setting their thrones “against all the cities of Judah” represents commanding their armies to destroy all the cities of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
49	1:16	gg7p		I will pronounce sentence against them	Alternate translation: “I will announce how I will punish them”
50	1:16	wrh7		I will pronounce sentence against them	Alternate translation: “I will pronounce sentence against the people of Judah”
51	1:16	s442		worshiping what they made with their own hands	Since the people had made the idols with their own hands, they should have known that the idols are not worthy of worship.
52	1:17	k94h		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
53	1:17	qw4v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Do not be shattered & I will shatter you	Here “be shattered” represents being extremely afraid, and “shatter” represents causing Jeremiah to be extremely afraid. Alternate translation: “Do not be terrified … I will terrify you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
54	1:18	q32g		Behold!	Alternate translation: “Pay attention!”
55	1:18	k16n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Today I have made you a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls against the whole land	Being strong like these things represents being confident and unchanging in saying what God had told him to say. Alternate translation: “I have made you strong against the whole land like a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
56	1:18	l1sl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	iron & bronze	These were the strongest materials known at that time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
57	1:18	u7cf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the whole land	This represents all the people of the land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
58	1:19	zp53		They will fight against you	This refers to the people of Judah.
59	1:19	c3xx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
60	2:intro	cx16			Jeremiah 2 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:1-31. The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) Special concepts in this chapter The people refuse to learn The people worshiped other gods, particularly the fertility gods of Baal and Ashtoreth. Even when the nation was punished, the people did not learn. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Metaphor Israel is compared to a female camel or a wild donkey for being unstable and lustful. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
61	2:1	n8ww	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word of Yahweh came to me, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
62	2:2	g2d8		Go and proclaim in the hearing of Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “Go and speak where the people in Jerusalem can hear you”
63	2:2	mz95		I have called to mind on your behalf	Alternate translation: “I remember about you”
64	2:2	jw4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the covenant faithfulness in your youthfulness, your love	The abstract nouns “faithfulness,” “youthfulness” and “love” can be expressed with the adjectives “faithful” and “young,” and the verb “love.” Alternate translation: “how, when you were young, you were faithful to our covenant, and how you loved me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
65	2:2	p3v3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	when we were engaged	God speaks of his relationship with the people of Israel as though they had been engaged to be married. Alternate translation: “when we first agreed that we would marry each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
66	2:2	gl65	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the land that was not sown	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “the land where no one had sown seed” or “the land where no food was growing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
67	2:3	ubv5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the firstfruits of his harvest	God speaks of Israel as if they were an offering dedicated to God. Alternate translation: “like the firstfruits of his harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
68	2:3	b2kn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	All who ate from the firstfruits were held guilty	God speaks of those who attacked Israel as if they were eating the offering that was set apart for God. Alternate translation: “All who attacked Israel were held guilty like people who ate from the first fruits of his harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
69	2:3	j1qx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	disaster came upon them	The phrase “came upon them” is a metaphor for happened to them. Alternate translation: “Disasters happened to them” or “I made terrible things happen to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
70	2:3	bei6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
71	2:4	u5jc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	house of Jacob, all you clans of the house of Israel	Jacob and Israel were two names for one man, and these two phrases refer to the same group of people. Alternate translation: “all you descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
72	2:4	gq5q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	house of Jacob	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
73	2:4	p8u3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants, who had become the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
74	2:5	y22p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What did your fathers find wrong with me, that they went far from following me? That they went after useless idols and became useless themselves?	Yahweh uses these questions to say that since he has done no wrong, his people should not have rejected him and worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “I did nothing wrong to your forefathers, so they should not have gone far from following me, and they should not have gone after useless idols. By doing that they themselves have become useless!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
75	2:5	k654	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they went far from following me	This represents rejecting God and refusing to be loyal to him. Alternate translation: “they rejected me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
76	2:5	p2c2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they went after useless idols	This represents choosing to be loyal to idols and worship them. Alternate translation: “they worshiped useless idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
77	2:5	ea5y		useless idols	idols that people can use for nothing good. The translation should not make people think that there are some idols that are useful.
78	2:6	qj82	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	They did not say	It is implied that they should have said what follows. Alternate translation: “They should have said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
79	2:6	bj3g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Where is Yahweh, who brought us & Egypt?	This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people’s need of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need Yahweh. He is the one who brought us … Egypt.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
80	2:6	sb9y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Where is Yahweh, who led us & lives?	This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people’s need of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need Yahweh. He is the one who led us … lives.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
81	2:6	xpu1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a land of drought and deep darkness	A “land of drought” is a land that does not have enough water. Here “deep darkness” is a metaphor for danger. Alternate translation: “a dangerous land where there is not enough water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
82	2:7	e78y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	you defiled my land, you made my inheritance an abomination!	These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “you sinned and made the land I gave you disgusting to me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
83	2:7	z346	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you defiled my land	Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “by sinning, you made my land no good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84	2:7	x8z6		you made my inheritance an abomination	Alternate translation: “you made my inheritance disgusting by your sin” or “by sinning, you made my inheritance repulsive”
85	2:7	bs45	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my inheritance	This could mean: (1) God is speaking of his land as if he had inherited it. Alternate translation: “my land” or (2) God is speaking of the land he gave to Israel as if he had given it to them as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land I gave you” or “the land I gave you as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
86	2:8	kt1g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Where is Yahweh?	This question would have shown that they wanted to obey Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need to obey Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
87	2:8	hl48		did not care about me	Alternate translation: “were not committed to me” or “rejected me”
88	2:8	vv8y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The shepherds transgressed against me	The leaders are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people who followed them were sheep. Alternate translation: “Their leaders sinned against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
89	2:8	fs7t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	walked after unprofitable things	Here “walked after” represents obeying or worshiping. Alternate translation: “obeyed unprofitable things” or “worshiped unprofitable things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90	2:8	b2si		unprofitable things	Unprofitable things are things that cannot help a person. Here it refers to idols.
91	2:9	wb2t		your sons’ sons	Alternate translation: “your future generations”
92	2:10	m3dc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	cross over to the coasts of Kittim	Kittim was an island west of Israel. Today it is called Cyprus. It represented all the lands far to the west of Israel. Alternate translation: “go west across the ocean to Kittim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
93	2:10	r42k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Send messengers out to Kedar	Kedar is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. Alternate translation: “Send messengers far east to the land of Kedar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
94	2:11	g27j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Has a nation exchanged gods & gods?	God uses this question to tell the people of Israel that other nations continue to worship their own gods. They do not change and worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You will see that no nation has ever exchanged gods … gods.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
95	2:11	y4gc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	But my people have exchanged their glory for what cannot help them	Here God speaks as though he were not speaking directly to his people. Alternate translation: “But you, my people, have exchanged me, your glorious God, for what cannot help you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
96	2:11	ad5n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	their glory	This expression refers to God himself, who is glorious. Alternate translation: “their glorious God” or “me, your glorious God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
97	2:11	i74r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for what cannot help	Here false gods are spoken of in terms of what they cannot do. Alternate translation: “for false gods, which cannot help” or “for gods who cannot help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
98	2:12	gfd1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
99	2:13	xga4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	have abandoned the springs of living waters	God speaks of himself as if he were springs of living waters. Alternate translation: “have abandoned me, their springs of living waters” or “have abandoned me, who is like springs of living water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
100	2:13	zfj3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	have dug out cisterns for themselves	God speaks of false gods as if they were cisterns that people dig in order to get water. Alternate translation: “have gone to false gods, which are like cisterns they have dug for themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
101	2:13	y6j8		cisterns	deep holes for storing water
102	2:14	gf3q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Is Israel a slave? Was he born in his master’s home? So why has he become plunder?	Though Yahweh was speaking to the people of Israel, he used the third person as though he were talking to someone else about Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel, are you a slave? Were you born at home? So why have you become plunder?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
103	2:14	dz58	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is Israel a slave? Was he born in his master’s home?	Yahweh uses these questions to tell why Israel should not have become plunder. Alternate translation: “Israel is not a slave. Israel was not born at home.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
104	2:14	fp49	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Was he born in his master’s home	Here “born in his master’s home” is metonym for being born into slavery. Alternate translation: “Was he born a slave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
105	2:14	d84g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	So why has he become plunder?	Yahweh uses this question to indicate that Israel should not have become plunder. Alternate translation: “So he should not have become plunder.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
106	2:14	gd7n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	So why has he become plunder	Here “become plunder” represents being attacked and taken as captives to another country. Alternate translation: “So why has Israel been taken away as captives” or “So why have Israel’s enemies taken Israel away as captives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
107	2:15	sra1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Young lions roared against him. They made a lot of noise	God speaks of Israel’s enemies attacking Israel as if the enemies were lions roaring and attacking Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
108	2:15	w8su	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	made his land a horror	This represents destroying the land in such a way that people will feel horror when they see it. Alternate translation: “destroyed Israel’s land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
109	2:15	bs9w		Young lions roared	A roar is a loud sound that a wild animal makes when it attacks.
110	2:15	fgd1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	His cities are destroyed without any inhabitants	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They have destroyed Israel’s cities and now no one lives in them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
111	2:15	ph93		inhabitants	people who live in a certain place
112	2:16	z9t5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Memphis and Tahpanhes	These are the names of two cities in Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
113	2:16	z84p		will shave your skull	The Egyptians shaved the head of their slaves to mark them as slaves.
114	2:16	f67y		will shave your skull	Some versions interpret the Hebrew text as “have cracked your skull.”
115	2:17	rh64	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Did you not do this to yourselves when you abandoned Yahweh your God, while he was leading you along the way?	Yahweh uses this question to remind Israel that it is their own fault that their enemies attacked them. Alternate translation: “You caused this yourselves by abandoning Yahweh your God while he was leading you along the way.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
116	2:18	ksj8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	So now, why take the road to Egypt and drink the waters of Shihor? Why take the road to Assyria and drink the waters of the Euphrates River?	Yahweh uses these questions to remind his people that it does not do any good to ask Egypt and Assyria to help them. Alternate translation: “It does not help you to go to Egypt and drink from the waters of the Shihor River, or to go to Assyria and drink from the waters of the Euphrates River.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
117	2:18	qic3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	why take the road to Egypt and drink the waters of Shihor & Why take the road to Assyria and drink the waters of the Euphrates River	These are a metaphor for asking the Egyptian and Assyrian armies to help them. Alternate translation: “why ask the Egyptians to help you … Why ask the Assyrians to help you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
118	2:18	b4bs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shihor	This is the name of a stream associated with Egypt. It may have been a branch of the Nile River. Some versions call it the Nile. Alternate translation: “the Shihor Stream” or “the Shihor River” or “the Nile River” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
119	2:19	d7s4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Your wickedness rebukes you, and your faithlessness punishes you	Both of these phrases mean that their punishment is the result of their wicked behavior. Alternate translation: “Because you have been wicked and unfaithful, I will punish you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
120	2:19	r6k2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	it is wicked and bitter	Here the word “bitter” describes “wicked.” Alternate translation: “it is bitterly wicked” or “it is extremely wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
121	2:20	z744	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	For I broke your yoke that you had in ancient days; I tore your fetters off you. Still you said, ‘I will not serve!’	Here “broke your yoke” and “tore your fetters off you” are metaphors for setting them free from slavery. The people of Israel had been slaves in Egypt. Alternate translation: “Long ago I released you from slavery, but still you refused to worship me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
122	2:20	i6lm		fetters	chains used to restrain a person or an animal
123	2:20	e3b8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	since you bowed down on every high hill and beneath every leafy tree, you adulterer	What they bowed down to can be stated clearly. Here “adulterer” is a metaphor for someone who is unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “You bowed down to idols and worshiped them instead of me, like an adulterous wife who is unfaithful to her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
124	2:20	rwq2		beneath	below
125	2:21	ppz2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I planted you as a choice vine, completely from pure seed	God speaks of making his people into a great nation in Canaan as if they were the seed of a grapevine that he had planted. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, started you with a very good beginning, like a farmer who uses excellent seed to plant the best kind of vine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126	2:21	w7eu		a choice vine	Alternate translation: “a vine of very good quality”
127	2:21	ys3q		completely from pure seed	Here “pure seed” is the best seed that has not been mixed with seed that is not good. Alternate translation: “that grew from excellent seed”
128	2:21	ht1q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How then have you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine?	God uses this question to rebuke his people for changing and becoming like a corrupt worthless vine. Alternate translation: “But you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
129	2:22	d3qb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is the declaration of the Lord Yahweh	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
130	2:23	njn2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How can you say, ‘I & have not walked after the Baals’?	God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying that they have not worshiped the Baals. Alternate translation: “You lie when you say, ‘I … have not walked after the Baals.’ (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
131	2:23	ga8k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	walked after	This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
132	2:23	y5u9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you are a swift female camel running here and there	God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were like a female camel running in different directions looking for a male camel to mate with. Alternate translation: “You are like a swift female camel running back and forth looking for a male camel to mate with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
133	2:23	uh3n		swift	able to run quickly
134	2:24	vc12	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a wild donkey accustomed to the wilderness, in her heat sniffing the wind	God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were a wild female donkey running to find male donkeys. Alternate translation: “You are like a young female donkey that lives in the desert. When she wants to mate she is out of control and constantly sniffs the breeze to find a mate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
135	2:24	ll6w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in her heat	This phrase is an idiom referring to the time when a female donkey wants to mate with male donkeys. Alternate translation: “when she wants to mate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
136	2:24	e3r7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who can restrain her lust?	This question is used to emphasize that no one can control a female donkey when she is wants to mate with a male donkey. Alternate translation: “No one can turn her around when she wants to mate.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
137	2:25	j3xn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You must restrain your feet from becoming bare and your throat from being thirsty!	God speaks of Israel wanting to worship other gods as if they were running around in the desert looking for those gods. Alternate translation: “I have told you to stop running here and there chasing after false gods, because all that it does is wear out your sandals and make you very thirsty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
138	2:25	gpl8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is hopeless	“There is no hope for us to restrain ourselves.” This implies that they cannot stop themselves from running after other gods. Alternate translation: “We cannot stop ourselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
139	2:25	zq2r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	No, I love strangers and go after them!	Here “strangers” represents foreign gods, and “go after them” represents worshiping them. Alternate translation: “We must follow after foreign gods and worship them!’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
140	2:26	i7vu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 2:4. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
141	2:26	amq4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	when he is found	This idiom means that someone discovers that the person’s actions. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when someone finds him” or “when people know that he has stolen things” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
142	2:26	w6vi		they, their kings, their princes, and their priests and prophets	This list shows that everyone belonging to Israel will be ashamed.
143	2:27	yi97	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	These are the ones who say to the tree, ‘You are my father,’ and to the stone, ‘You gave birth to me.’	Here “tree” and “stone” represent idols carved from wood and stone. These words emphasize that the idol was made of ordinary things and is not worthy of worship. Alternate translation: “These people are the ones who say to a carved piece of wood, ‘You are my father,’ and to a carved stone, ‘You gave birth to me.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
144	2:27	rzb7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	their back faces me and not their faces	“their backs are toward me; their faces are not toward me.” This represents them rejecting God. Alternate translation: “they have turned away from me” or “they have turned their backs toward me and not their faces” or “they have completely rejected me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
145	2:27	v294	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Arise and save us	It can be made clear that they say this to Yahweh. “Yahweh, come and save us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
146	2:28	dv1r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yet where are the gods that you made for yourselves?	With this question God implies that people should ask the gods they worship to help them. He uses this irony to show that he is angry that they worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You should ask the gods you made to help you.” or “You do not ask the gods you made to help you.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
147	2:28	bmg6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	Let them arise if they wish to save you in your time of troubles	God implies that false gods should help the people who worship them. He knows that false gods cannot help people. When he said this he was using irony to show that he was angry that his people worshiped false gods. Alternate translation: “You do not ask them because know you that they cannot save you in your time of troubles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
148	2:29	xa5m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
149	2:30	e8re	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They would not accept discipline	Here “accept discipline” represents learning from discipline. Alternate translation: “They refused to learn from discipline” or “When I disciplined them, they refused to learn to obey me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
150	2:30	m3cp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Your sword has devoured your prophets like a destructive lion	God speaks of the people of Israel killing the prophets as if their sword were a lion that ate the prophets. Alternate translation: “You have killed the prophets brutally with your sword like a destructive lion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
151	2:30	px12		destructive	capable of causing a very large amount of damage
152	2:31	iyj9		You who belong to this generation! Pay attention to my word, the word of Yahweh	The phrase “this generation” refers to the people who lived when Jeremiah lived. Alternate translation: “You who live today, pay attention to what I, Yahweh, say to you”
153	2:31	egz3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Have I been a wilderness to Israel? Or a land of deep darkness?	Here “a wilderness” and “a land of deep darkness” are metaphors for danger. God uses this question to rebuke the Israelites for behaving as though he had been dangerous. Alternate translation: “You act as though I have been like a wilderness or a land of deep darkness to you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
154	2:31	r2gx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why would my people say, ‘Let us wander around, we will not go to you anymore’?	God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying this. Alternate translation: “You my people say ‘We can go where we want to go and not worship Yahweh anymore.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
155	2:31	c46a		wander	move around or go to different places usually without any particular purpose or direction
156	2:32	ajg9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils	The words “will” and “forget” are understood to be part of the second phrase also. Alternate translation: “Will a virgin forget her jewelry, and will a bride forget her veils” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
157	2:32	snl1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will a virgin forget her jewelry, a bride her veils?	God uses this question to introduce the idea of remembering things that are important to someone. Alternate translation: “You know that a virgin would never forget to put on her jewelry, and a bride would never forget to put on her veils.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
158	2:32	el7h		days without number	Alternate translation: “a very long time”
159	2:33	amu3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	How well you make your way to look for love	God appears to be praising his people for looking for love, but this is irony. He was showing that he was angry with them for being unfaithful to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
160	2:33	sl8c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to look for love	God speaks of his people worshiping other gods as if they were a woman who is unfaithful to her husband and is looking for other men to love her. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
161	2:33	ymk8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	You have even taught your ways to wicked women	God speaks of how unfaithful his people are to him as though they were even teaching prostitutes how to be unfaithful to their husbands and find other men to be their lovers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
162	2:34	t7iw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The blood that was the life of innocent, poor people has been found on your clothes	Blood on their clothes was evidence that they had killed people. Alternate translation: “The blood of innocent, poor people on your clothes shows that you are guilty of killing them” or “You are guilty of killing poor and innocent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
163	2:34	z8tn		The blood that was the life	Alternate translation: “The blood that represents the life”
164	2:34	bb1t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	These people were not discovered in acts of burglary	If they found people in an act of burglary, this might have been an excuse for killing them. But the people that they murdered were innocent. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You did not discover these people stealing things” or “But you killed them even though they were not even stealing anything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
165	2:35	w9ip	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	surely his anger has turned away from me	Here anger is spoken of as if it were a person that could turn away from Israel. Its turning represents Yahweh’s stopping be angry with Israel. Alternate translation: “surely Yahweh has stopped being angry with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
166	2:35	w15i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will bring down judgment on you	Here “judgment” represents punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
167	2:36	vpy2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why do you treat so very lightly this change in your ways?	Yahweh is scolding the Israelites because they changed from one kingdom to another for help but did not rely on God for help. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
168	2:36	s2aj		lightly	without care or concern
169	2:36	gc4f		You will also be disappointed by Egypt	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Egypt will also disappoint you”
170	2:36	jiq5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	You will also be disappointed by Egypt	The people of Israel will be sad because the army of Egypt will not be able protect them. Alternate translation: “You will be disappointed when Egypt does not protect you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
171	2:36	f9em	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	just as you were by Assyria	The word “disappointed” is understood from the previous phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as you were disappointed by Assyria” or “just as Assyria disappointed you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
172	2:37	e943		You will also go out from there	Alternate translation: “You will go out from Egypt”
173	2:37	tk5j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	with your hands on your head	This is a symbol of shame. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
174	2:37	dzs3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	so you will not be helped by them	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so they will not help you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
175	3:intro	v6u2			Jeremiah 3 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:1-5, 12-17, 19-25. The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. The same is true for 3:19-4:3. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) Special concepts in this chapter Judah told to repent If Judah repents, God will bring the people back from the captivity into which he is going to send them. In this book, “Israel” serves as another name Judah because the northern kingdom of Israel no longer exists. The people group formed by these ten tribes had been scattered among the other nations by the Assyrians, who had conquered them. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) Adultery Judah’s faithlessness to God is often pictured as adultery. This is a common image in Scripture. When Judah does not worship God, their nation is spoken of as if it were a woman unfaithful to her husband. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
176	3:1	b8c6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	will he return to her again?	God uses this question to remind the people that a man would never return to his wife if another man marries her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “he would not return to her again.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
177	3:1	wfd2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Would that land not be greatly polluted?	God uses this question to remind the people that a married man would not return to his wife if she married another man, because he knows that the land would become ceremonially unclean. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He knows that if he did, the land would be greatly polluted.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
178	3:1	f5ac	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	greatly polluted	This is a metaphor for being terribly unacceptable to God. Alternate translation: “completely unacceptable to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
179	3:1	j8li	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	You have lived as a prostitute who has many lovers	God speaks of Israel worshiping many idols as being like a woman having sex with many men. Alternate translation: “You have given your love and trust to idols the way a prostitute gives her body to men who are not her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
180	3:1	j5dl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
181	3:2	f7nj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Lift up your eyes	Here “your eyes” represents looking at something. Alternate translation: “Look up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
182	3:2	d2qe	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Is there any place where you have not had illicit sex?	God speaks of Israel worshiping idols as if they were a woman who had sex with many different men. He uses this question to tell the Israelites that he knows that they have worshiped idols everywhere. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no place where you have not had illicit sex!” or “As a whore sleeps with many men, you have worshiped your idols everywhere!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
183	3:2	tkw5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	By the roadsides you sat waiting for your lovers	God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like a prostitute waiting by the road for any man to come along. Alternate translation: “Like a prostitutes waiting at the roadside for her lovers, you were eager to worship any idol you learned about” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
184	3:2	p75c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	as an Arab in the wilderness	God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like someone in the wilderness waiting for anyone to come along so he could rob them. Alternate translation: “like an Arab in the wilderness waiting for people he might rob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
185	3:2	h79r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	an Arab in the wilderness	An Arab is a person from Arabia. Some Arabs lived as nomads in the desert and would rob others who came near them. Alternate translation: “a nomad in the wilderness” or “a robber in the wilderness” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
186	3:3	bza8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	So the showers have been withheld	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So I withheld the showers from you” or “So I prevented the rains from falling” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
187	3:3	ry2i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you have the forehead of a prostitute	The arrogance showing on a person’s face is spoken of as if the face itself were arrogant. Alternate translation: “But the expression on your face shows that you arrogant, like the face of a prostitute” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
188	3:5	gxd9		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you not” in verse 4 ends here.
189	3:5	tm6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will he & to the end?’	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you not” in verse 4 ends here. God uses this question to rebuke his people for calling out to him and saying these things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have just called out to me: ‘My father … youth! Will he … to the end?’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
190	3:5	ks4c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will he always be angry? Will he always keep his wrath to the end?	These questions express the people’s hope that God will not be angry with them forever. They can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Surely he will not always be angry. Surely he will not always keep his wrath to the end.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
191	3:5	ad4m		Look!	Alternate translation: “pay attention” or “listen”
192	3:6	q6wm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you see what faithless Israel has done?	God uses this question to draw Jeremiah’s attention to Israel’s faithlessness. It can be translated as a command or a statement. Alternate translation: “See how faithless Israel is to me.” or “You see how faithless Israel is to me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
193	3:6	pea6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	She has gone up	The people of Israel are spoken of as if Israel were a woman. Alternate translation: “Israel’s people have gone up” or “They have gone up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
194	3:6	q6pr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	every high hill and under every leafy tree	The tops of hills and under shade trees were common places for people to worship idols. The word “every” is used as a generalization to show that the people were worshiping idols in many different places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
195	3:6	r3ip	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	she has acted like a prostitute	God speaks as of Israel worshiping idols as if she were a woman having sex with many men. Alternate translation: (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
196	3:7	wy1h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	her faithless sister Judah saw	God speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were sisters. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah, who also did not obey me, saw” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
197	3:8	k4ts		bill of divorce	Something that a man writes to certify that he has divorced his wife.
198	3:9	l7vx		Her prostitution was nothing to her	Here prostitution being “nothing” represents Judah not caring about it. Alternate translation: “She did not care about her prostitution” or “She was not ashamed of her prostitution”
199	3:9	t26n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	she defiled the land	Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “she made my land no good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
200	3:9	h9kk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	she committed adultery with stones and trees	Here “stones” and “trees” represent the stone and wood material that was used to create idols. The people’s idol worship is spoken of as if they were committing adultery. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
201	3:10	u38c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
202	3:11	cnw5		Faithless Israel has been more righteous than faithless Judah!	By calling Israel “more righteous” than Judah, God emphasizes that Judah is very guilty. Alternate translation: “Israel has been unfaithful to me, but Judah is even more guilty than Israel”
203	3:12	nc94	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Go and proclaim these words to the north	Here the north represents the people of Israel who had been taken north to Assyria. Alternate translation: “Go and proclaim these words to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
204	3:13	vc3r		Acknowledge your iniquity	“Admit how you have sinned.” God was speaking to Israel.
205	3:13	afy2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you have shared your ways with strangers under every leafy tree!	The word “strangers” refers to foreign gods. God speaks of Israel worshiping foreign gods as if Israel were a woman who was having sex with strangers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
206	3:13	cyd5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	under every leafy tree	People would worship idols under trees. The word “every” is a generalization used to show that the people of Israel worshiped many gods under many different trees. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
207	3:13	n89f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
208	3:14	rfl1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I am your husband	God speaks of Israel belonging to him as if he were Israel’s husband. Alternate translation: “you belong to me as a wife belongs to her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
209	3:15	khd7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will give you shepherds & they will shepherd you	Here God speaks of leaders as if they were shepherds and the people they led were sheep. Alternate translation: “I will give you leaders … they will lead you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
210	3:15	jfu5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	shepherds after my heart	Here “heart” represents Yahweh’s desire or will. The phrase “after my heart” is an idiom that describes people who do God’s will. Alternate translation: “shepherds who do my will” or “shepherds who do what I want” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
211	3:16	aah8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you will increase and bear fruit	The word “you” refers to the people of Israel. The phrase “bear fruit” is a metaphor for having many descendants. Alternate translation: “you will increase greatly in number” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
212	3:16	dr84	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
213	3:16	p5dj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This matter will no longer come up in their hearts	Here “come up in their hearts” represents thinking about it. Alternate translation: “They will no longer think of this matter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
214	3:17	i1da	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This is Yahweh’s throne	Here “Yahweh’s throne” represents the place from where Yahweh rules. Alternate translation: “This is from where Yahweh rules” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
215	3:17	m3kn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They will no longer walk in the stubbornness of their wicked hearts	Yahweh speaks of people’s actions as if the people were walking along a path. Here the word “hearts” represents their minds or wills. Alternate translation: “They will no longer stubbornly do the wicked things that they want to do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
216	3:18	nc4e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the house of Judah will walk with the house of Israel	Here “walk with” represents being united. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be united with the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
217	3:18	gyl2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
218	3:18	f85t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
219	3:18	ni8b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the land that I gave your ancestors as an inheritance	God speaks of giving them the land to possess forever as if it were an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land that I gave to your ancestors so that it would belong to their descendants forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
220	3:19	mwz9		As for me	the word “me” refers to Yahweh
221	3:19	x77q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	How I want to treat you as my son & nation	This is an exclamation that expresses God’s desire. Alternate translation: “I want so much to treat you as my son … nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
222	3:19	fll8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	I want to treat you as my son	God speaks of Israel as if Israel were his son. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
223	3:19	h67j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	an inheritance more beautiful	God speaks of the land he wanted to give to Israel as if it were an inheritance. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
224	3:20	p93d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	But like a woman faithless to her husband, you have betrayed me	God speaks of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she were an unfaithful wife. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
225	3:20	ay61	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “kingdom of Israel” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
226	3:20	y4z7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
227	3:21	jt6v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	A voice is heard	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People hear a noise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
228	3:21	n3ty		the weeping and pleading of the people of Israel	Alternate translation: “the people of Israel crying and begging loudly”
229	3:21	kza9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they have forgotten Yahweh their God	Here “have forgotten” represents neglecting or ignoring. Alternate translation: “They have ignored Yahweh their God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
230	3:22	y37e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will heal you of treachery!	This could mean: (1) “heal you of treachery” represents causing Israel to stop being unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to stop being unfaithful to me” or (2) “heal you of treachery” represents forgiving Israel for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will forgive your treachery” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
231	3:22	n26k		heal you of treachery	Alternate translation: “heal you so you will stop being unfaithful to me”
232	3:22	z8l6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	Behold! We will come to you	It is understood that this is what the people of Israel will say. Alternate translation: “The people will reply, ‘Behold! We will come to you” or “You will say “Behold! We will come to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
233	3:22	t3nz		Behold	Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
234	3:23	az6h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Surely lies come from the hills	Here “the hills” represent the people’s worship of false gods on the hills. The people now realize that those false gods could not guide and help them. Alternate translation: “The false gods that we worshiped on the hills could not guide us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
235	3:23	uic1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	a confusing noise from the mountains	People made a lot of noise on the hills and mountains when they worshiped false gods. Alternate translation: “We made a confusing noise on the mountains while we worshiped them, but they did not help us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
236	3:23	n3uy		surely Yahweh our God is the salvation of Israel	Alternate translation: “surely Yahweh our God is the savior of Israel” or “surely Yahweh our God is the only one who can save Israel”
237	3:24	q1yv		their flocks and cattle, their sons and daughters	This is a list of animals and people that the people of Israel had killed and offered to the idols.
238	3:25	qy9p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Let us lie down in shame. May our shame cover us	These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the people are fully aware of their shameful behavior. Alternate translation: “Let us be completely humiliated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
239	3:25	ny7e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	May our shame cover us	Being fully aware of their shame is spoken of as if shame were covering them like a blanket or a garment. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
240	3:25	x6vr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	from the time of our youthfulness	This could mean: (1) “the time of our youthfulness” refers to when each person was young. Alternate translation: “from when we were young” or (2) “the time of our youthfulness” is a metaphor that refers to when Israel was first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from when we were first becoming a nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
241	3:25	u638	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	have not listened to the voice of Yahweh our God	Here “listened” represents obeying, and “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. Alternate translation: “have not obeyed what Yahweh our God has said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
242	4:intro	yf6n			Jeremiah 4 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:1-9. The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 3:19-4:3. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s punishment This chapter prophecies Yahweh’s punishment on Judah. This should bring Judah to repentance, but it does not. It is also intended to make the nations fear the power of Yahweh and make them desire to worship him. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])
243	4:1	nmt1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	then it should be to me that you return	This could mean: (1) this is a command that emphasizes who they should return to. Alternate translation: “then come back to me” or “then worship me” (2) this is a repetition of the first phrase, which expresses a condition. Alternate translation: “if you will come back to me” or “if you will start worshiping me again” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
244	4:1	q5zm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	If you remove your detestable things from before me	Here “detestable things” refers to idols, which God hates. Alternate translation: “If you remove your disgusting idols from my presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
245	4:1	g7zg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	do not wander from me again	Here “wander” is a metaphor for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “if you remain faithful to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
246	4:2	qu22	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	As Yahweh lives	“As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
247	4:2	i2an	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the nations will bless themselves in him	Here “the nations” is a metonym for people of other nations. The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, it can also be translated as “me.” Alternate translation: “people of other nations will bless themselves in me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
248	4:2	hbb7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the nations will bless themselves in him	Here “bless themselves in him” is a metonym for asking Yahweh to bless them. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations will ask Yahweh to bless them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
249	4:2	nkf4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	in him they will glory	The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, “him” can also be translated as “me.” Alternate translation: “they will boast in me” or “they will praise me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
250	4:3	u4kd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Plow your own ground, and do not sow among thorns	Yahweh tells the people to prepare their lives like a farmer prepares the ground for planting. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
251	4:4	wva4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Circumcise yourselves to Yahweh, and remove the foreskins of your heart	Yahweh describes the people’s devotion to him in terms of the physical sign of covenant. Alternate translation: “Dedicate yourselves completely to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
252	4:4	pp1f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Circumcise yourselves & remove the foreskins of your heart	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
253	4:4	kf3t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	my fury will break out like fire, and burn with no one to quench it	Yahweh speaks of becoming extremely angry as if his anger were fire. Alternate translation: “my anger will burn like a fire and no one will be able to stop it” or “I will be extremely angry, and no one will be able to stop me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
254	4:4	tw9h		fury	Alternate translation: “great anger”
255	4:5	e8kp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Report in Judah and let it be heard in Jerusalem	These phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
256	4:5	j19h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	let it be heard in Jerusalem	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “cause the people in Jerusalem to hear it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
257	4:5	lrv2		Blow the trumpet in the land	The trumpet would warn the people that their enemies were coming to attack them.
258	4:5	n1n6		Let us go to the fortified cities	They would go to the fortified cities for protection from their enemies.
259	4:6	tf7e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	disaster & a great collapse	These words mean basically the same thing. The phrase “a great collapse” defines what the “disaster” will be. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
260	4:6	xug6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	for I am bringing disaster from the north and a great collapse	This represents God sending an army from the north to cause disaster and destruction in Judah. Alternate translation: “for I will cause an army from the north to come and destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
261	4:6	d4sz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from the north	This represents an enemy army that would come from the north. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
262	4:7	a149	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A lion is coming	God speaks of a powerful army as if it were a fierce lion. Alternate translation: “A powerful and merciless army approaches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
263	4:7	myr9		thicket	a set of bushes that grew closely together
264	4:7	lwr1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	someone who will destroy nations	Here “someone” represents a king and his army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
265	4:7	w16d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	is setting out	This idiom refers to starting to move. Alternate translation: “is starting to march” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
266	4:7	cix1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to bring horror to your land	This represents destroying the land, which would cause people who see it to be horrified. Alternate translation: “to destroy your land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
267	4:8	q3kk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	wrap yourself in sackcloth	People would wear sackcloth to show that they were very sad. In this context it would be to show that they were very sorry for the bad things they had done. Alternate translation: “put on the clothes that show you are mourning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
268	4:8	j7pi		wail	cry loudly
269	4:8	pwd6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	For the force of Yahweh’s anger has not turned away from us	Anger is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could turn away from people. Here “Yahweh’s anger has not turned away from us” means that Yahweh is still very angry with the people. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is still very angry with us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
270	4:9	l39s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hearts of the king and his officials will die	Here “hearts” represent courage. Also “the hearts … will die” represents losing courage and being afraid. Alternate translation: “the king and his officials will stop being courageous” or “the king and his officials will be terrified” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
271	4:10	u3zu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	the sword is striking against their life	Here enemies being ready to kill people is spoken of as if the sword was a person striking at people. Alternate translation: “our enemies are ready to slaughter us with their swords” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
272	4:11	eaf4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	it will be said	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
273	4:11	l2gl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	burning wind from the plains	Here a “burning wind” represents a fierce and merciless enemy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
274	4:11	apu1		will make its way	Alternate translation: “will travel” or “will rush”
275	4:11	c8vv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the daughter of my people	Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. Alternate translation: “my people, who are like a daughter to me” or “my dear people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
276	4:11	y4pq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	It will not winnow or cleanse them	The words “winnow” and “cleanse” refer to blowing away the useless skins from grain. Only a light wind was needed for that. Alternate translation: “It will not be a light wind for blowing the chaff away from the grain” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
277	4:12	xws1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A wind far stronger than that	far stronger than the “burning wind” of verse 11. The wind is a metaphor for a fierce and merciless enemy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
278	4:12	s27n		will come at my command	Alternate translation: “will come when I command it to come”
279	4:12	rx21		at my command	This expression in Hebrew is interpreted by some modern versions as “for me” or “from me.”
280	4:12	y377		pass sentence against them	Alternate translation: “announce their punishment”
281	4:13	t3g7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	See, he is attacking like clouds	The word “he” refers to the enemy king and his army. The great size of the army is spoken of as if they were giant storm clouds. Alternate translation: “See, great armies like giant clouds are gathering to attack” or “See, great armies are gathering to attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
282	4:13	y26t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	his chariots are like a storm	The enemies’ chariots are spoken of as if they were like a storm. Storms can be noisy, destructive, and fast-moving. Alternate translation: “the roar of their chariots coming is like a fierce storm” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
283	4:13	pd5b		Woe to us	Alternate translation: “This is terrible”
284	4:13	rkz7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	for we will be devastated	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for they will devastate us” or “for they will destroy us all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
285	4:14	n8cb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Cleanse your heart from wickedness, Jerusalem	This is a warning to the people living in Jerusalem to repent. “Cleanse your heart” is a metaphor for removing evil from their lives. Alternate translation: “People of Jerusalem, stop being evil” or “People of Jerusalem, stop living wickedly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
286	4:14	wj5b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How long will your deepest thoughts be about how to sin?	This question is used to rebuke the people for always planning how to sin. Alternate translation: “Your deepest thoughts are about how to sin!” or “You are always thinking about how to sin!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
287	4:15	ri3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	a voice is bringing news from Dan	Here “a voice” represents a messenger. Alternate translation: “a messenger comes and tells about what is happening in Dan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
288	4:15	w5rx		Dan	This probably refers to the region of Dan, which was west of Jerusalem.
289	4:15	mu7y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the coming disaster is heard from the mountains of Ephraim	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people hear about the disaster that is coming from Ephraim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
290	4:15	t4qv		from Dan & mountains of Ephraim	By hearing that the enemies had gotten to Dan and Ephraim, people in Jerusalem would understand that the enemies were getting closer to them.
291	4:16	e4lv		besiegers are coming	Besiegers are soldiers who surround a city in order to keep the people in the city from being able to get supplies of food and water.
292	4:17	b2nh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	They will be like the watchmen of a cultivated field against her all around	Carefully guarding a city to keep people from going in and out is spoken of as if they are carefully watching a field to keep people from stealing from it. Alternate translation: “they will guard Jerusalem carefully like watchmen who carefully guard a cultivated field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
293	4:17	vj61	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	against her all around	The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Jerusalem was often spoken of as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
294	4:18	vwi9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	your conduct and your deeds have done these things to you	Here “conduct” and “deeds” are spoken of as if they are people that could do things. These abstract nouns can be expressed with the phrase “what you have done.” Alternate translation: “These things are happening to you because of what you have done” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
295	4:18	xek6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	It will strike your very heart	Here “heart” probably refers to the emotions, and “strike your very heart” probably refers to causing them to suffer terribly. Alternate translation: “It will be as if it strikes your very heart” or “It will cause you to suffer terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
296	4:19	yrw5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	My heart! My heart!	Here “heart” represents painful emotions, such as grief and fear. The phrase is repeated to express the intensity of the pain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
297	4:19	zw89		I am in anguish in my heart	The speaker feels severe emotional pain that causes severe physical pain.
298	4:19	l92y		My heart is turbulent within me	“My heart is beating wildly.” Here “heart” refers to the body part. It is turbulent because it is beating much stronger and faster than normal.
299	4:19	a6je		turbulent	full of confusion, violence, or disorder; not stable or steady
300	4:20	eaz9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Suddenly my tents are destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Enemies have suddenly destroyed my tents” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
301	4:20	edb5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	my curtains in a moment	The words “are destroyed” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “my curtains are destroyed in a moment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
302	4:20	b4gs		my curtains	Curtains are cloths that are hung to separate the rooms in the tents.
303	4:21	k2xu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How long will I see the standard? Will I hear the sound of the horn?	Jeremiah uses these questions to show his distress about seeing the battle flag and hearing the sound of the horn for such a long time. He wishes that the battle would end soon. It can be stated as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Oh, how I wish that the battle would end, and the flag would be lowered, and the sound of the army’s horn would stop” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
304	4:21	cy1e		the standard	Alternate translation: “the battle flag”
305	4:21	bdm1		the sound of the horn	Someone would blow the horn as a signal for battle.
306	4:22	q9tl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	For the foolishness of my people & do not know to do good.	It can be stated clearly that Yahweh says this. This is probably his reply to Jeremiah, telling why the battle is still happening. Alternate translation: “Yahweh replied, ‘It is because of the foolishness of my people … do not know to do good.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
307	4:22	ci3d		idiotic people	Alternate translation: “stupid people”
308	4:23	lj51		General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah describes a vision that God gave him about things that would happen later.
309	4:23	r4yf		Behold	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
310	4:23	p6iz		formless and empty	This vision is a prophecy of what the land of Israel would be like after the people were all taken into captivity.
311	4:23	ex8r		there was no light for the heavens	Alternate translation: “there were no lights in the sky”
312	4:26	y7ek		all the cities had been pulled down	Alternate translation: “all the cities had been destroyed” or “all the cities were a heap of ruins”
313	4:26	zkf9		before Yahweh, before the fury of his wrath	This indicates that all these things would happen because Yahweh was so angry with the people of Judah.
314	4:27	zmu6		All the land will become a devastation	Alternate translation: “All the land of Judah will be devastated” or “all the land of Judah will be ruined”
315	4:28	a8f6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	the land will mourn, and the heavens above will darken	Jeremiah emphasizes Yahweh’s judgment by saying that the earth itself expresses great sorrow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
316	4:28	p7nd		I will not hold back	Alternate translation: “I will not change my mind”
317	4:28	nz7a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will not turn from carrying them out	Here “turn” represents deciding not to do what he said he would do. Alternate translation: “I will not change my mind about doing what I said I would do” or “I will not refuse to do what I planned to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
318	4:29	s7su	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Every city	Here “city” represents the people living in the city. Alternate translation: “The people of every city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
319	4:29	w9pv		cavalry	a group of soldiers riding horses
320	4:29	q17v		they will run into the forests	They will run away to the forests for safety.
321	4:29	v4z8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The cities will be abandoned, for there will be no one to inhabit them	These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Alternate translation: “The cities will be empty. There will be no one left to live in them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
322	4:30	dp7c		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute because they were unfaithful to him by worshiping other gods.
323	4:30	n253		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Judah.
324	4:30	cmv6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Now that you have been devastated, what will you do?	This question is used to tell the people of Judah that there is nothing they can do to help themselves. Alternate translation: “Now that your enemies have devastated you, there is nothing you can do to find help. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
325	4:30	r96u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	you dress in scarlet & gold jewelry & eyes & with paint	God speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute making herself look beautiful in order to attract men to her. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Like a prostitute you dress in scarlet … good jewelry … eyes … with paint” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
326	4:30	qfd4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you dress in scarlet	Here “scarlet” represents expensive, red clothing. Alternate translation: “you wear expensive red clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
327	4:30	r71v		adorn yourself with gold jewelry	Alternate translation: “you put on gold jewelry”
328	4:30	z4md	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	men who lusted for you now reject you	God speaks of the nations that Judah had depended on for wealth and business as if they were men who lusted after Judah. Those nations would reject Judah when they see God’s judgment. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
329	4:30	vu5x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	they are trying to take away your life	Here “trying to take your life away” represents trying to kill the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “They are trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
330	4:31	fqh9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	distress as in the birth	This simile is used to show how greatly distressed Judah will be. Alternate translation: “severe distress as in the pain and suffering a woman has while giving birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
331	4:31	l6l7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the daughter of Zion	God shows his love for the people of Jerusalem by speaking of them as a daughter. Alternate translation: “my dear daughter, Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
332	4:31	j9ka		Woe to me	Alternate translation: “I am in great danger”
333	4:31	r56w		I am fainting	Alternate translation: “I am becoming weak”
334	5:intro	hq1g			Jeremiah 5 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 5:1-31. Important figures of speech in this chapter Hyperbole It is possible that Yahweh is using the word “a” (meaning “even one”) as hyperbole when he states, “If you can find a man or anyone who is acting justly and trying to act faithfully, then I will forgive Jerusalem.” The purpose of this is to show how evil Jerusalem had become. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Rhetorical questions Yahweh asks several rhetorical questions in this chapter. This is intended to show Jeremiah the justness of his actions. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
335	5:1	wtq8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
336	5:1	a164		Rush about through the streets	Alternate translation: “Go quickly through the streets”
337	5:1	ig3t		Then look and think about this	Alternate translation: “look and find out”
338	5:1	qf12		city squares	broad and open places in a city where people can gather
339	5:1	rhm7		who is acting justly	Alternate translation: “who does what is just”
340	5:2	y47l		Although they say	The word “they” refers to the people of Jerusalem.
341	5:2	ey96	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	As Yahweh lives	“as surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 4:2. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
342	5:3	cl5c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	do your eyes not look for faithfulness?	Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that what Yahweh really wants is faithfulness. Wanting people to be faithful is spoken of as looking for faithfulness. Alternate translation: “you look for faithfulness.” or “you want people to be faithful.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
343	5:3	dma9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You struck the people, but they do not feel pain.	God punished his people in various ways. Here it is spoken of as if he hit them. Alternate translation: “You punish the people, but they do not pay attention” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
344	5:3	bwd1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they still refuse to receive discipline	Here “to receive discipline” represents learning from discipline to do what is right. Alternate translation: “they still refuse to learn their lesson” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
345	5:3	v9en	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	They make their faces harder than rock	Hard faces represents the expression on their faces that shows that they are stubborn. The simile “harder than rock” shows that the people are extremely stubborn. Alternate translation: “They are extremely stubborn” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
346	5:4	ty12		So I said	Jeremiah is speaking.
347	5:5	mu9t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	But they all broke their yoke together; they all tore apart the chains that bound them to God.	The yoke and chains represent the law which bind God and his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
348	5:6	d8ks	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	So a lion & A wolf & A lurking panther	These are dangerous animals that can kill people. This could mean: (1) this really is about wild animals killing people or (2) these wild animals are metaphors for enemy armies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
349	5:6	ei8j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	So a lion & A wolf & A lurking panther & torn apart	One possible meaning is that these are metaphors for enemy armies who will attack Judah. Alternate translation: “Like a lion from the thicket, a wolf from the Arabah, and a lurking panther, enemy armies will come against their cities, attack them, and destroy them. Anyone who goes outside his city will be killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
350	5:6	qkm7		thicket	a set of bushes that grew closely together.
351	5:6	a7xd		wolf	a large wild dangerous dog
352	5:6	nb63		lurking	watching for an opportunity to attack
353	5:6	jm2c		panther	a large wild dangerous cat
354	5:6	eb17	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	For their transgressions increase	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word transgressions, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “sin.” Alternate translation: “For they sin much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
355	5:6	bl92	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Their acts of faithlessness are unlimited	The abstract nouns in “acts of faithlessness” can be translated as “the faithless things they do.” Alternate translation: “The faithless things they do are many” or “They do many faithless things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
356	5:7	tgq4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why should I pardon these people?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he has no reason to pardon these people. Alternate translation: “Because of the things that they do, I cannot pardon these people.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
357	5:7	i1na		these people	the people of Jerusalem
358	5:7	duz8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Your sons	Yahweh is speaking to Jerusalem as though she were a woman who had children. Jerusalem’s “sons” represent the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
359	5:7	mvg1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I fed them fully	Providing all they needed is spoken of as feeding them. Alternate translation: “I gave them everything they needed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
360	5:7	cc9s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they committed adultery and walked in great numbers to the houses of prostitutes	This may be a metaphor for being unfaithful to God and worshiping idols, but idol worship also included prostitution. Alternate translation: “they were unfaithful to me and went in large numbers to the houses of prostitutes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
361	5:7	vq87		walked in great numbers to the houses of prostitutes	Alternate translation: “went in large groups to the houses of prostitutes” or “large groups of them went to the houses of prostitutes”
362	5:8	m3wt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They were horses in heat & neighed to his neighbor’s wife	Because the God speaks of them as if they were horses that wanted to mate with other horses. Alternate translation: “They were like horses in heat … neighed to his neighbor’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
363	5:8	yq1u		in heat	ready to mate
364	5:8	u1ts		mate	when animals breed to reproduce
365	5:8	hgv8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Each man neighed to his neighbor’s wife	Male horses neigh loudly to female horses when they want to mate with them. Alternate translation: “Like horses who mate with more than one horse, these men wanted to sleep with other men’s wives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
366	5:9	i5z2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	So should I not punish them & and should I not avenge myself on a nation that is like this?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. Alternate translation: “Because they do these things, I will punish them … I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
367	5:9	l377	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
368	5:10	rwg3		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak. Here he speaks to the enemies of Israel.
369	5:10	uh17	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Go up onto her vineyards’ terraces	In verses 10-13 Yahweh speaks to Israel’s enemies. This can be made clear in the quotation. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Israel, go up onto her vineyards’ terraces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
370	5:10	tnx6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Go up onto her vineyards’ terraces and destroy	Yahweh speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were a vineyard and the people there were vines. Alternate translation: “Go up into Israel and Judah, which are like a vineyard to me, and destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
371	5:10	q848		do not bring complete destruction to them	Alternate translation: “do not completely destroy them”
372	5:10	dtf8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Trim their vines, since those vines do not come from Yahweh	The word “their” refers to the vineyards. Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel and Judah as if they were vines. Alternate translation: “like farmers who trim the vines of a vineyard, you must remove many of the people of Israel and Judah, because they do not belong to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
373	5:11	r8hw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	For the houses of Israel and Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for a person’s descendants. In this case it refers to the people of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: “For the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
374	5:11	b2gh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
375	5:12	hy7p		They have spoken falsely about Yahweh and they said	Alternate translation: “They have spoken falsely about Yahweh by saying”
376	5:12	i2ai	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	no harm will come upon us, and we will not see sword or famine	These two sentences say the same thing, the second is more specific than the first. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
377	5:12	b9kn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	no harm will come upon us	The idiom “come upon us” means “happen to us.” Alternate translation: “No harm will happen to us” or “no one will harm us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
378	5:12	g399	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	we will not see sword or famine	Here “see” is a metaphor for experience, and “sword” is a metonym for war. Alternate translation: “we will not experience war or famine” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
379	5:13	b87v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The prophets will become wind	Here “prophets” is a metonym that represents what the prophets say, and “wind” is a metaphor for something that does not do anything. Alternate translation: “The prophets words are just noisy wind” or “The prophets make noise like the wind, but what they prophesy will not happen” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
380	5:13	z6ye	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the word is not in them	Here “the word” refers to God’s message. Alternate translation: “God’s message is not in them” or “the messages that they speak are not from God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
381	5:13	nhv2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	so let what they say be done to them	It can be stated clearly what kinds of things the prophets were talking about. Alternate translation: “so let the harm that the prophets talk about come to them” or “since the prophets say that bad things will happen to us, let those bad things happen to the prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
382	5:14	r6t4		Because you	The word “you” refers to the people of Israel and Judah.
383	5:14	x6w7		have said this	See what the people said in Jeremiah 5:12.
384	5:14	pet2		see	Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
385	5:14	e41j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I am about to place my word in your mouth	Here “place my word in your mouth” represents causing Jeremiah to speak God’s message. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to speak my message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
386	5:14	bax7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	It will be like a fire, and this people will be like wood	Yahweh speaks of his message as if it were a fire, and of his people as if they were wood. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
387	5:14	th8l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	For it will consume them	“For my message will consume them.” Yahweh’s message was about how he would punish his people, so he speaks as if his message would destroy them as a fire destroys wood. Alternate translation: “For when you speak my message, it will destroy the people of Israel as fire destroys wood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
388	5:15	hr3d		against you	“to attack you.” The word “you” refers to the people of Israel.
389	5:15	w6v8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	it is a lasting nation, an ancient nation	These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how long the nation has existed. This refers to the nation from far away that Yahweh will bring against Israel. Alternate translation: “it is a very old and enduring nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
390	5:15	f6kv		a lasting nation	Alternate translation: “an enduring nation” or “a very strong nation”
391	5:15	c9wc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	It is a nation whose language you do not know, nor will you understand what they say	These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the Israelites do not know the language of those people. It may imply that the Israelites have not had much contact with them. Alternate translation: “It is a nation whose language you will not understand at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
392	5:16	ub23		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
393	5:16	yjs1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Its quiver & They are all soldiers	Here “Its quiver” represents the enemy nation’s army, and the arrows in the quiver represent the soldiers in the army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
394	5:16	a4wr		quiver	a container for holding arrows
395	5:16	nsx2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Its quiver is like an open tomb	An open tomb is one that is prepared to have many dead bodies put in it. The enemy army will kill many people. Alternate translation: “That nation’s army will use their arrows and kill many people” or “Because of the arrows of its army, many people will die and be buried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
396	5:17	x18i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	So your harvest will be consumed, your sons and daughters also, and your food	This could mean: (1) their harvest and their food that was for their sons and daughters would be consumed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food for your sons and daughters will be consumed” or (2) their harvest, sons and daughters, and food would all be consumed. The idea of the sons and daughters being “consumed” would be a metaphor for killed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food will be consumed, and your sons and daughters will be killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
397	5:17	ty62	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	So your harvest will be consumed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the army of that nation will eat the food that you expected to harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
398	5:17	ycw1		your sons and daughters also, and your food	This could mean: (1) the enemies would eat the food that the sons and daughters should eat, or (2) the enemies will destroy the sons and daughters and eat the food.
399	5:17	e76e		They will eat	The word “They” refers to the army of that nation.
400	5:17	aj2t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	They will beat down with a sword your fortified cities	The sword is a synecdoche for all of the different weapons that people use in war. Alternate translation: “They will use their weapons to conquer your strong cities that you trusted to protect you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
401	5:17	fe1b		your fortified cities	Fortified cities had a wall around them to protect the people inside from their enemies outside.
402	5:17	evt5		that you trusted in	Alternate translation: “that you thought were strong enough to keep you safe”
403	5:18	hp6x		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Jeremiah.
404	5:18	fq65		do not intend to destroy	Alternate translation: “will not destroy”
405	5:19	v6cs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	done all these things to us	The phrase “these things” refers to sending armies to attack them. Alternate translation: “done all these things to harm us” or “sent foreign armies to attack us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
406	5:19	f6pe	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Just as you & served foreign gods in your land, so you must also serve strangers	Here “served foreign gods” represents worshiping foreign gods. God would punish them for serving foreign gods by making them serve foreign people. Alternate translation: “Because you … worshiped foreign gods in your land, you will have to serve foreigners” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
407	5:20	h8i5		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
408	5:20	i1qw		Report this	Alternate translation: “Tell this”
409	5:20	x88v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Jacob	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Translate “house of Jacob” as in Jeremiah 2:4. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
410	5:20	c3ln	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	let it be heard in Judah	This can be expressed in active from. Alternate translation: “Let those in Judah hear it” or “announce it in Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
411	5:21	huc3		who have no understanding	Alternate translation: “who do not understand” or “who understand nothing”
412	5:21	iqw3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you cannot see	Here “cannot see” is a metonym for not understanding. Alternate translation: “you do not understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
413	5:21	h6v9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you cannot hear	Here “cannot hear” represents not understanding. “Alternate translation: “you do not understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
414	5:22	y6ba	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you not fear me & face?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people are extremely foolish because they do not fear Yahweh. Alternate translation: “It is foolish that you do not fear me … face!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
415	5:22	u7l9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	or tremble before my face	The trembling would be because of fear, and being “before my face” represents being aware of who God is. Alternate translation: “or shake with fear because of me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
416	5:22	l6nf		I have placed a border of sand against the sea	Alternate translation: “I placed the sand as the border for the sea”
417	5:22	l23z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	an ongoing decree that it does not violate	God speaks of the ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “an everlasting limit that it cannot cross” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
418	5:22	ayh2		rises and falls	Alternate translation: “moves back and forth”
419	5:22	kd3c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	it does not violate it	“the ocean does not violate my decree.” God speaks of ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “it does not succeed in going past the border” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
420	5:23	l32t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	this people has a stubborn heart. It turns	The people’s heart represents their attitude toward God. If Yahweh is speaking to the people, this can also be expressed with the word “you.” Alternate translation: “but you people have a stubborn heart. You turn” or “but you people are stubborn. You turn” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
421	5:23	cf4m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	It turns away in rebellion and goes away	The word “it” refers to the people. Here “goes away” represents disobeying God. Alternate translation: “They rebel and disobey me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
422	5:24	s5r8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they do not say in their hearts	Here “their hearts” represent their thoughts, and “say” represents thinking. Alternate translation: “they do not think” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
423	5:24	k3at	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest for us	Here “keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest” represents making sure that those weeks happen at the right time. Alternate translation: “making sure for us that the weeks of harvest happen when they are supposed to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
424	5:25	g8i4		Your iniquities	The word “Your” refers to the descendants of Jacob and the people of Judah.
425	5:25	kl5g		these things	This refers to the rains and the harvests.
426	5:25	th39	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Your sins have stopped good from coming to you	Good things “coming” represents good things happening. “Because of your sins, good things have stopped happening to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
427	5:26	x9gl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	For wicked men are found with my people	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For I have found wicked men among my people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
428	5:26	zk7i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	They watch as someone crouches to capture birds	God speaks of wicked people wanting to harm someone as if they were waiting to capture birds. Alternate translation: “Like someone hiding and waiting to capture birds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
429	5:26	rv4u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they set a trap and catch people	God speaks of wicked people intentionally harming others as if they were setting a trap. Alternate translation: “They set things up so that they can take advantage of people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
430	5:27	qx63	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Like a cage full of birds, their houses are full of deceit	Here “deceit” represents the things that were taken by deceit. Alternate translation: Like a cage full of birds that a hunter has caught, wicked people’s houses are full of things that they have taken by deceiving people (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
431	5:27	ktf1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they grow large and become rich	Here “large” represents powerful. Alternate translation: “these wicked people become powerful and rich” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
432	5:28	cw6j		they shine with well-being	This could mean: (1) their skin shines because of the healthy food they eat, or (2) their body is smooth because of the muscle and fat between their bones and skin. It indicates that they eat well.
433	5:28	plb9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They crossed over all bounds of wickedness	Doing all kinds of wicked things is spoken of as if there were a boundary separating some wicked things from things that are even more wicked. Alternate translation: “They do all kinds of wicked things” or “They even do the most wicked things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
434	5:28	mc4l		They do not plead the cause of the people, or the cause of the orphan	Alternate translation: “They do not plead with the rulers to give the people and the orphans what they need” or “They do not plead with the rulers to give justice to the people and the orphans”
435	5:28	fdb8		they have not given justice to the needy	Alternate translation: “they have not helped the needy by doing what is just for them”
436	5:29	pah8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Should I not punish & a nation like this?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. See how you translated a similar sentence in Jeremiah 5:9. Alternate translation: “So I will punish them, this is Yahweh’s declaration. I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.”(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
437	5:29	s1ep	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
438	5:30	jnz7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Atrocities and horrors have occurred	This can be stated more actively. Alternate translation: “People do terrible and horrible things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
439	5:30	a5il	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	in the land	Here “the land” refers to the land of Israel.’ Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
440	5:31	m6tl		The prophets prophesy with deceit, and the priests rule with their own power	These are the atrocities and horrors that are spoken of in verse 30.
441	5:31	jd9n		The prophets prophesy with deceit	Alternate translation: “The prophets prophesy lies” or “The prophets tell lies when they prophesy”
442	5:31	md9e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the priests rule with their own power	This could mean: (1) the priests do not submit to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “the priests rule by their own authority” or (2) the priests rule according to the directions of the prophets (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
443	5:31	lf6j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	but what will happen in the end?	“but what will you do at the end of all of this?” Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people will regret being wicked when he punishes them for it. Alternate translation: “but in the end I will punish you and you will be regret your wicked behavior” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
444	6:intro	f4ic			Jeremiah 6 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 6:1-30. Special concepts in this chapter Gods and battle In the ancient Near East, it was commonly believed that a nation’s gods were responsible for military victory. It may have been believed that a god would not defend an evil city. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
445	6:1	h511		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh is speaking.
446	6:1	f21l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Find safety & by leaving Jerusalem	Here “Find safety” represents doing what they can in order to be safe. Alternate translation: “Be safe … by leaving Jerusalem” or “Leave Jerusalem … so that you can be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
447	6:1	a8g6		people of Benjamin	This is who Yahweh was speaking to.
448	6:1	h78h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Blow a trumpet in Tekoa	A trumpet is used as a warning that people will be attacked. Alternate translation: “Blow a trumpet in Tekoa to warn the people that they will be attacked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
449	6:1	v1e9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tekoa	This is the name of a town about 18 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “a horn for blowing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
450	6:1	m5nz		Raise up over Beth Hakkerem a signal	This could mean: (1) the signal is smoke from a fire. Alternate translation: “Light a fire to send up smoke at Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming” or (2) the signal is a flag. Alternate translation: “Raise up a flag over the town of Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming”
451	6:1	cj9u		Beth Hakkerem	the name of a town about 10 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “the place of the vineyard.”
452	6:1	fa2a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	wickedness is appearing from the north	Here “wickedness” represents disaster and the people who will cause it. Alternate translation: “enemies will come from the north and cause disaster to happen to you” or “enemies coming from the north will destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
453	6:1	sub6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	a great crushing is coming	How the crushing will come can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Enemies will come and crush you” or “Enemies will come and destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
454	6:2	cw79	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The daughter of Zion, the beautiful and delicate woman	Zion is another name for Jerusalem. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as though it were a woman. He speaks of it as a daughter to show his love for Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “My dear Zion, which is like a beautiful and delicate woman” or “My dear Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
455	6:3	l12q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The shepherds and their flocks will go to them	Kings were often spoken of as shepherds of their people. Alternate translation: “The kings and their soldiers will go to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
456	6:3	j632	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	they will set up tents against her all around	The phrase “against her” means “in order to attack Zion.” Alternate translation: “they will set up tents all around Zion in order to attack it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
457	6:3	g9el	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	each man will shepherd	God speaks of kings leading their armies to destroy the land, as if they were shepherds leading their sheep to eat grass. Alternate translation: “like a shepherd each king will lead his army” or “each king will lead his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
458	6:3	uz2s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	with his own hand	Here “hand” represents the portion of something someone his assigned to take in his hand. Here it refers to the portion of land the king is assigned to conquer. Alternate translation: “and conquer his portion of the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
459	6:4	u13f		General Information:	General Information: A king from the attacking army is speaking to the men under his control.
460	6:4	ejj3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Dedicate yourselves	It can be stated clearly that the kings say this. Alternate translation: “The kings say to their armies, ‘Dedicate yourselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
461	6:4	am3p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Dedicate yourselves to the gods for the battle	The attacking army tries to ensure that their gods will help them during the war by performing ceremonies and making sacrifices to them. Alternate translation: “Prepare for war by purifying yourselves and sacrificing to the gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
462	6:4	l529	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Arise, let us attack	To arise or stand up is a metaphor for no longer watching and thinking and instead beginning to act. Alternate translation: “Let us stop thinking and begin to attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
463	6:4	ldp8		let us attack at noon	Alternate translation: “Let us attack Jerusalem at noon”
464	6:4	d1mc		It is too bad that the daylight is fading away, that the evening shadows are falling	The kings say this later in the day when they want their army to keep fighting even though it is getting dark.
465	6:4	hnt2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the daylight is fading away	The end of the day is spoken of in terms of its light becoming dark. Alternate translation: “the day is ending” or “it is beginning to get dark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
466	6:4	su9l		are falling	Alternate translation: “are stretching out” or “are getting longer”
467	6:5	jc1c		at night	Alternate translation: “during the night even though it is dark”
468	6:5	qmf3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	her fortresses	People often spoke of cities as if they were women. Her the word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the strong buildings of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
469	6:6	unq2		Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh.
470	6:6	crp6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Cut her trees	God says this to the army that will attack Jerusalem. The word “her” refers to Jerusalem; cities were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: “Cut down the trees outside of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
471	6:6	v6t3		heap up siegeworks against Jerusalem	Siegeworks are either high mounds of dirt or high ramps made of wood that the enemies build outside the city wall in order go on top of the wall and attack the people inside the city.
472	6:6	p62r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	because it is filled with oppression	Here “it is filled with oppression” represents people there always oppressing people. Alternate translation: “because its people are always oppressing each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
473	6:7	x25i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	As a well pours out fresh water, so this city keeps producing wickedness	Here “this city keeps producing wickedness” represents people in the city continuing to do wicked things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
474	6:7	q16a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Violence and disorder are heard within her	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I hear violence and disorder in her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
475	6:7	ky66	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	sickness and wounds are continually before my face	These things being “before” God’s face represents him seeing them. Alternate translation: “I constantly see sickness and wounds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
476	6:8	ctm4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Accept discipline, Jerusalem & make you into a ruin, an uninhabited land	Here God speaks to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the city itself. Alternate translation: “Accept discipline, you people of Jerusalem … make your land into a ruin, an uninhabited land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
477	6:8	nn5k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Accept discipline	“Accept discipline” here is a metaphor for learning from discipline. Alternate translation: “Learn from your discipline” or “When I punish you, learn to do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
478	6:8	vvn8		an uninhabited land	Alternate translation: “a land that has no people living in it”
479	6:9	sz1r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They will certainly glean those who are left in Israel like a vineyard	Yahweh speaks of the enemy attacking those who remain as if the enemy were to pick grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. Alternate translation: “After destroying Israel, they will certainly come back to attack the people who are still alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
480	6:9	e5tr		They will certainly	The word “They” refers to the enemy that Yahweh sends to destroy Israel.
481	6:9	kl5d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Reach out again with your hand to pick grapes from the vines	Yahweh commands the enemy to attack those who remain in Israel as if the enemy were pick to grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. Alternate translation: “Come back and attack the people of Israel who remain” or “Like people who reach out again to pick grapes from vines that they have already harvested, come back and attack the people who remain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
482	6:10	g9ic	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	To whom should I declare and warn so they will listen	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that none of the people of Israel would listen to him even after they survived the attack of their enemies. Alternate translation: “There is no one left for me to speak to and warn who might listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
483	6:10	uv57		Look	Alternate translation: “You can see it yourself”
484	6:10	p8ap	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Their ears are uncircumcised	This represents their stubborn unwillingness to listen to God. Alternate translation: “Their ears are closed” or “They refuse to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
485	6:10	n19z		Their ears	The word “Their” refer to the people of Israel.
486	6:10	yw68	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word of Yahweh has come to them	This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to them. He did this through his prophets. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent messages to them” or “Yahweh has spoken to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
487	6:10	p8sc		they do not want it	Alternate translation: “they do not want to listen to the word of Yahweh”
488	6:11	dqg7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	But I am filled with Yahweh’s fury	Jeremiah is speaking. He feels the same anger that Yahweh feels, and he speaks of being extremely angry as if he were filled with anger. Alternate translation: “I am completely angry as Yahweh is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
489	6:11	bdn3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I am tired of holding it in	Jeremiah speaks of not showing Yahweh’s anger as if he were holding the anger inside himself. Alternate translation: “I am tired from not expressing this anger” or “I am tired of not doing anything about this anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
490	6:11	mm2e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Pour it out on the children in the streets and on the groups of young men	God speaks of punishing the people of Israel as if his anger were a liquid that he wanted Jeremiah to pour out on them. Alternate translation: “In anger punish the children in the streets and the groups of young men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
491	6:11	xce7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	For every man will be taken away with his wife	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Because enemies will capture every man with his wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
492	6:11	p4cb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	every old person heavy with years	The words “will be taken” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “every old person heavy with years will be taken” or “they will take every old person heavy with years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
493	6:11	ug45	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	every old person heavy with years	The phrase “heavy with years” is an idiom that means “very old.” It reinforces the phrase “old person.” Alternate translation: “every very old person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
494	6:12	c4qb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Their houses will be turned over to others	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their houses will become the possession of other people” or “There people will take their houses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
495	6:12	m3qu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	both their fields and their wives together	The phrase “will be turned over to others” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “and their fields and their women will also be turned over to others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
496	6:12	efu6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
497	6:13	eyw7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	that from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy	The phrase “from the least to the greatest” shows that all the people of Israel are included in the phrase “all of them,” regardless of how important they are. Alternate translation: “all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and every one else, are greedy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
498	6:13	vs6m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the least	This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
499	6:13	gwi1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the greatest	This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
500	6:13	vdj4		all of them	Alternate translation: “all of the people of Israel”
501	6:13	qw1u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	are greedy for dishonest gain	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word gain, you can express the same idea with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
502	6:13	b8dn		all of them practice deceit	Alternate translation: “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
503	6:14	it97	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They have healed the wounds of my people lightly	This could mean: (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They acts as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
504	6:14	kz57	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They have healed the wounds & lightly	Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
505	6:14	lqp6		‘Peace, Peace,’ when there is no peace	Alternate translation: “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it is not well”
506	6:15	l12m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations?	God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
507	6:15	vc8r		they did not know how to blush	When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red. Alternate translation: “their faces did not even turn red”
508	6:15	c3ai	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they will fall among the fallen	Here “fall” represents being killed. Alternate translation: “they will be killed along with the others who are killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
509	6:15	qg6n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they will be brought down when they are punished	Here “will be brought down” represents being destroyed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them when I punish them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
510	6:16	s27z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh says this	It can be stated clearly who Yahweh says this to. Alternate translation: “Yahweh says this to the people of Israel” or “Yahweh says this to his people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
511	6:16	s5rz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Stand at the road crossing & We will not go	The roads and pathways refer to ways that people live their lives. Yahweh wants the people of Israel to ask what is the good way to live their lives and for them to live that way. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
512	6:16	ez9b		the road crossing	This refers to the place where two roads meet.
513	6:16	s5kk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ask for the ancient pathways	The ancient pathways represent their ancestors’s behavior, how their ancestors lived long ago. Alternate translation: “ask about the pathways that your ancestors walked on” or “ask about how your ancestors behaved” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
514	6:16	h56h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Where is this good way	This could mean: (1) “this good way” represents the good way to live. Alternate translation: “What is the good way to live” or (2) “this good way” represents the way to live that results in blessings. Alternate translation: “Where is the way to what is good” or “What is the way to live that results in blessing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
515	6:16	a4xf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Then go on it	“Then walk on that path.” Going on that path represents living that way. Alternate translation: “Then live that way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
516	6:16	s29n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	We will not go	This represents not living that way. Alternate translation: “We will not live that way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
517	6:17	zs9d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I appointed for you watchmen to listen for the trumpet	Yahweh speaks of his prophets as if they were watchmen who were sent to warn the people of danger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
518	6:17	jp7i		appointed for you	The word “you” refers to the people of Israel.
519	6:17	a3n7		to listen for the trumpet	“to listen to the sound of the trumpet.” Yahweh speaks of his warning messages to his prophets as if the messages were a trumpet being blown to warn people about the danger that would come. The prophets were to listen to the warning and tell the people about it.
520	6:18	upm1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Therefore, nations, listen! See, you witnesses, what will happen to them.	These two sentences are telling the people of other nations to witness what Yahweh will do to the rebellious people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Therefore, you people of other nations, listen! You witnesses, see what will happen to my people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
521	6:18	k97t		Therefore, nations, listen!	Alternate translation: “Therefore, nations, listen to what I am about to say!”
522	6:18	cge9		you witnesses	Alternate translation: “you who are witnesses”
523	6:18	zw4l		will happen to them	The word “them” refers to the people of Israel.
524	6:19	jt8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Hear, earth	Jeremiah is speaking to the people of nations far away from him as if they could hear him. He is speaking as if to the earth itself. Alternate translation: “Listen, everyone who lives on the earth” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
525	6:19	yn3n		I am about to bring disaster to this people	Alternate translation: “soon I will punish these people severely”
526	6:19	dce8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the fruit of their thoughts	Here the word “fruit” represents results or consequences. Alternate translation: “the consequences of their thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
527	6:19	du18	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	They paid no attention to my word or law, but they instead rejected it	Here “paid no attention to my word” refers to not listening to what God said, and “rejected it” refers to refusing to obey God’s law. Alternate translation: “They did not listen to what I said. Instead they disobeyed my law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
528	6:20	p9c4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What does this frankincense going up from Sheba mean to me? Or these sweet smells from a distant land?	God uses these questions to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “Frankincense from Sheba and sweet smelling cane from a distant land mean nothing to me.” or “I do not want your burnt offerings of frankincense from Sheba or sweet smelling cane from a distant land.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
529	6:20	lzv5		these sweet smells	People would burn sweet smelling cane as an offering to God.
530	6:20	x7y3		are not acceptable to me	Alternate translation: “do not please me” or “do not make me happy”
531	6:21	nwr1		See, I	Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I”
532	6:21	d486	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I am about to place a stumbling block against this people	“I am about to put obstacles in front of this people.” Yahweh speaks of the troubles that he will make happen to the people of Israel as if they were a blocks that people stumble over. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
533	6:21	wc6y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	fathers and sons together	The phrase “will stumble” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “fathers and sons will both stumble” or “fathers and sons will both be hurt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
534	6:21	eq4s		Inhabitants and their neighbors	Alternate translation: “Neighbors and their friends”
535	6:22	yxt3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	a people is coming	Their purpose can be made clear. Alternate translation: “a people is coming to attack you” or “an army is coming” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
536	6:22	a582	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	a great nation	Here “nation” represents the army of the nation. Alternate translation: “the army of a great nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
537	6:22	xr58	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	is being stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth	Being “stirred up” represents preparing to do something. Alternate translation: “is being prepared to come from a distant land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
538	6:23	m4uq		They will pick up bows and spears	Alternate translation: “The soldiers will carry bows and spears”
539	6:23	bam3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Their sound is like the sea roar	The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the ocean. Alternate translation: “The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the ocean” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
540	6:23	xl54	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	they are riding on horses, set out in order as men for battle	The phrase “set out in order” means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase “as men for battle” indicates that they are ready to fight. Alternate translation: “they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight against you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
541	6:24	fbb5		We have heard	The word “We” probably refers to Jeremiah and the people of Judah.
542	6:24	l8gs		our hands fall limp in distress	Alternate translation: “our hands are weak because we are anxious”
543	6:24	d28c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Anguish seizes us	Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if the anguish grabs them. Alternate translation: “We feel terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
544	6:24	b25e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	as a woman giving birth	The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman who is about to give birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
545	6:25	k3f1		General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah speaks to the people of Jerusalem. Some versions interpret this as Yahweh speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
546	6:25	n3uk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for the swords of the enemy and terror are all around	The phrase “swords of the enemy” represents the enemy with their swords ready to attack. Here, terror refers to things that cause people to be frightened. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word terror, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “For the enemy is everywhere with their swords and everyone else is terrified” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
547	6:26	ti8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Daughter of my people	Jeremiah shows Yahweh’s love for his people by speaking to them as a daughter. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 4:11. Alternate translation: “My people, you who are like a daughter to me” or “My dear people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
548	6:26	bkm8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	put on sackcloth and roll in ashes	People do these things to show that they are extremely sad. Alternate translation: “Show how sad you are by wearing sackcloth and rolling in ashes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
549	6:26	u1nu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	mourn with painful sobs as for an only son	Jeremiah compares the people’s great sadness to the sadness that a mother feels if her only son dies. Alternate translation: “mourn with painful sobs as you would if your only son died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
550	6:26	as8r		for the destroyer will suddenly come upon us	Alternate translation: “because the enemy army will suddenly come to attack us”
551	6:27	nfn2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	General Information:	General Information: Yahweh is speaking to Jeremiah. God speaks of the people of Israel being very sinful as if they were silver that was full of impurities. God speaks of punishing Israel to make them stop sinning as if he were boiling silver and lead in a hot fire in order to remove the impurities from the silver. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
552	6:27	i71y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	one who tests my people like one would test metal	Yahweh compares Jeremiah testing his people to a person who tests metal to see how good it is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
553	6:27	uh6e		their ways	Alternate translation: “their behavior” or “how they live”
554	6:28	lmk7		who go about slandering others	Alternate translation: “and constantly slander other people”
555	6:28	qg4z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	All of them are bronze and iron	Bronze and iron are hard metals. Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they were hard like bronze and iron. Alternate translation: “All of them are hard like bronze and iron” or “All of them are stubborn, as hard as bronze and iron” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
556	6:29	zb2n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them; the lead is consumed in the flames	God speaks of punishing his people as if they were silver and he was boiling the silver in a very hot fire. These phrases emphasize that the one boiling the metal was working very hard. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
557	6:29	zf3z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them	The fire is so hot that it burns the bellows. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This very hot fire represents God’s judgment. Alternate translation: “The fire is so hot that it scorches the bellows” or “The punishment is so severe that it is like a fire that even burns the bellows” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
558	6:29	r6p8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	The bellows are scorched	Bellows are a tool used to blow large amounts of air into a burning fire to make the fire hotter. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
559	6:29	a9dw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the lead is consumed in the flames	The silver has so many impurities in it that the lead is used up before it can remove them all. This represents the people of Israel being so full of sin, that they continue to sin even after God punishes them. Alternate translation: “the silver is so full of impurities, that the lead that is used to remove them is used up” or “they are like silver that is so full of impurities that the lead cannot remove them all” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
560	6:29	fd3z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The refining continues among them	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will continue to refine them” or “You will continue to try to purify them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
561	6:29	ujx6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	because the evil is not removed	God speaks of Israel continuing to be evil as if they were silver and the impurities remained in the silver. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because the evil remains” or “the impurities remain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
562	6:30	q4md	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	They will be called rejected silver, for	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will say about the people of Israel, ‘They are rejected silver,’ for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
563	7:intro	i2dl			Jeremiah 7 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:29-34, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Special concepts in this chapter Justice in society Jeremiah commanded the people of Jerusalem to live justly. Without justice, they did not truly have faith in Yahweh. Without this faith in Yahweh, the temple and its rituals were useless. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter “Do not pray for this people” Yahweh wanted the people to repent. This statement, and the others that follow, may be taken in another way. They are intended to show that it is too late for the people, and their punishment will come regardless of their response. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
564	7:1	y68e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said,” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
565	7:2	bj92		all you of Judah	Alternate translation: “all you people of Judah”
566	7:3	vlv3		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
567	7:3	f884		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
568	7:3	c23a		Make your ways and practices good, and I will let you continue	Alternate translation: “If you improve your ways and your practices, then I will let you continue”
569	7:3	s5g6		in this place	This means in the land of Judah, not in the temple.
570	7:4	e2w3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	Do not entrust yourself to deceitful words and say	The reflexive pronoun “yourself” emphasizes the personal risk to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “Do not trust in deceitful words to protect you, saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
571	7:4	ru5l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh!	It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh and represents his presence, he will protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. Possible meanings for why Temple of Yahweh is repeated three times are (1) it was repeated for emphasis or (2) it was repeated as part of a temple liturgy. Alternate translation: “This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one will destroy it and we are safe.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
572	7:5	yex8		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
573	7:5	b71h		make your ways and practices good	“improve your ways and practices.” See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:3.
574	7:5	s949	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	completely execute justice	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word justice, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “judge rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
575	7:6	f96n		do not exploit the one	Alternate translation: “treat fairly the foreigner”
576	7:6	klb1		orphan	child whose parents have died
577	7:6	ivv5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	pour out innocent blood	Here pouring out innocent blood represents killing those not deserving death. Alternate translation: “kill innocent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
578	7:6	q1kh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	walk after other gods	Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
579	7:6	q3q6		in this place	Here “this place” refers to the land of Judah.
580	7:7	p965		will let you stay	Alternate translation: “will let you continue to live”
581	7:7	n3ke		from ancient times and forever	“from ancient times and continually.” This means Yahweh gave the land to the people of Judah to be their permanent possession.
582	7:8	d4gt		General Information:	General Information: The word “you” in these verses refers to the people of Judah.
583	7:8	znm8		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
584	7:8	s1dh		Behold!	The word “Behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the information that follows.
585	7:9	bi95	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you steal, kill, and commit adultery? Do you swear & and walk after other gods whom you have not known?	These questions expect a positive answer to make the point that God knows the sins they are committing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You steal, kill, and commit adultery. You swear … and walk after other gods whom you have not known.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
586	7:9	ikv4		swear deceitfully	Alternate translation: “lie even in your oaths”
587	7:9	ps9p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	walk after other gods	Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:6. Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
588	7:10	w19j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Then do you come and stand & so you can do all of these abominations?	This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows the hypocrisy of their words and actions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Then you come and stand … so you could do all of these abominations.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
589	7:10	ras4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	house that is called by my name	This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “house that belongs to me” or “temple where you worship me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
590	7:11	pb4b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is this house, which carries my name, a den of bandits in your eyes?	This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows what they think about Yahweh’s temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This house, which carries my name, is a den of bandits in your eyes!” or “You act as though you think this house, which is called by my name, should be a place where bandits can go to hide!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
591	7:11	kj59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	this house, which carries my name	Yahweh’s temple is spoken of as if it was carrying the name of Yahweh. This has a similar meaning to “this house that is called by my name” in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
592	7:11	e4vn		bandits	violent people who steal and destroy
593	7:11	tj9h		But behold, I have seen it	Alternate translation: “But I certainly have seen what you are doing”
594	7:11	ume9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
595	7:12	j5kh		General Information:	General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
596	7:12	n4ba		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
597	7:12	c6l5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	my place that was in Shiloh, where I allowed my name to stay there in the beginning	Here “where I allowed my name to stay” is an idiom that means this was a place where Yahweh was worshiped. Alternate translation: “the place in Shiloh where I first allowed my people to worship me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
598	7:13	m7ib	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	time and time again	This hendiadys is also an idiom that means something is done many times. Alternate translation: “repeatedly” or “persistently” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
599	7:14	g8pq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	this house that is called by my name	This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:10. Alternate translation: “this house that belongs to me” or “this temple where you worship me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
600	7:16	b1uq		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about the people of Judah. In these verses, “this people” refers to the people of Judah.
601	7:16	h32v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	do not pray for this people, and do not lift up a lamenting wail or say a prayer on their behalf, and do not petition me	These four clauses each mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
602	7:16	mpn3		lift up a lamenting wail	Alternate translation: “cry out with sadness”
603	7:16	ym42		on their behalf	Alternate translation: “for their benefit” or “for them”
604	7:16	d2un		petition me	Alternate translation: “plead with me”
605	7:17	qn8a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you not see what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem?	This question expects a positive answer and is asked to bring these things to Jeremiah’s attention. They can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
606	7:18	u9lk		kindling the fire	Alternate translation: “starting the fire”
607	7:18	jc1l		kneading dough	mixing dough by hand
608	7:18	t6z1		dough	a thick mixture of flour and liquid used for baking
609	7:18	u6gq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the queen of the heavens	This was the name of a false god. Alternate translation: “the false god known as ‘the queen of the heavens’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
610	7:18	sq9a		will provoke me	Alternate translation: “will anger me”
611	7:19	ia89		General Information:	General Information: In these verses, “they” and “themselves” refer to the people of Judah.
612	7:19	t7ze		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak to Jeremiah about the people of Judah.
613	7:19	ta4u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	is it not themselves whom they are provoking, so that shame is on them?	This question expects a positive answer. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are provoking themselves, so that shame is on them!” or “they are troubling and bringing shame on themselves!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
614	7:19	jj5b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	shame is on them	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word shame, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “shamed.” Alternate translation: “they are shamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
615	7:20	ccj2		See	This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
616	7:20	ta7u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	my anger and wrath will gush out onto this place	Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were something that could be poured out. Alternate translation: “I will punish this place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
617	7:20	xv82	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	anger and wrath	These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of Yahweh’s anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
618	7:20	v5eu		gush out	Alternate translation: “pour out”
619	7:20	mf3h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	It will burn and never be extinguished	Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could not be put out. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to stop my anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
620	7:20	wz4y		never be extinguished	Alternate translation: “never stop burning”
621	7:21	bjt8		General Information:	General Information: In these verses, “you” and “your” refer to the people of Judah.
622	7:21	i6xb		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
623	7:21	hg9i		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
624	7:21	p7ch	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	Add your burnt offerings to your sacrifices and the meat from them	This is an ironic statement emphasizing that none of their sacrifices were acceptable to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Go ahead and eat the burnt offerings along with your sacrifices and meat from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
625	7:23	zn4g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Listen to my voice	Here listening to Yahweh’s voice means to both hear his words and obey what he says. Alternate translation: “Hear and obey what I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
626	7:23	ug56	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	walk in all the ways that I am commanding you	Yahweh speaks of obeying his commands as if one were walking in them, like person would walk along a road. Alternate translation: “do everything that I am commanding you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
627	7:24	gts3		General Information:	General Information: The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the people of Judah. “They” refers to the ancestors of the people of Judah.
628	7:24	u79z		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
629	7:24	mmx8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	they did not listen or pay attention	These phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
630	7:24	hex1		by their own stubborn plans of their wicked hearts	Alternate translation: “according to their own plans because they were wicked and stubborn”
631	7:24	pn8b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they went backwards, not forward	This is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) they refused to pay attention to Yahweh, instead of eagerly obeying him. Alternate translation: “they went away from me instead of drawing closer to me” or (2) they got worse and worse instead of improving. Alternate translation: “they got worse instead of better” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
632	7:25	g7qg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Ever since the day when your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until this day	This is a generalization that means over this entire period of time, not every day during this period of time. Alternate translation: “From the time your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until now” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
633	7:25	wl88		I persisted in sending them	Alternate translation: “I sent them again and again” or “I repeatedly sent them”
634	7:26	x6ns	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	they hardened their necks	This is an idiom that means they were stubborn. Alternate translation: “they became stubborn” or “they resisted me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
635	7:26	hje2		They were more wicked	Alternate translation: “Each generation was more wicked”
636	7:27	rs3g		General Information:	General Information: The words “them” and “they” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
637	7:27	m2j2		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
638	7:27	nc7q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	So proclaim all these words to them, but they will not listen to you. Proclaim these things to them, but they will not answer you.	These two sentences say the same thing, The second emphasizes the message of the first. Alternate translation: “Tell them my message, but they will not listen to you or answer you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
639	7:28	y4p4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the voice of Yahweh its God	Here “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:25. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh its God has said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
640	7:28	di1t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Truth is destroyed and cut off from their mouths	Yahweh speaks of truth as if it was something the people could destroy and stop saying. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people destroy truth and cut it off from their mouths” or “The people tell only lies” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
641	7:28	zj54	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Truth is destroyed	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word truth, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “truthful.” Alternate translation: “What is truthful is destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
642	7:29	d5yd		General Information:	General Information: The word “your” in these verses refers to the people of Judah.
643	7:29	y4ae		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
644	7:29	rrp6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Cut off your hair and shave yourself, and throw away your hair	This would be done as a sign of mourning. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
645	7:29	p56k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	rejected and abandoned	These two words have similar meanings and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
646	7:30	hxu1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	sons of Judah	This refers to the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
647	7:30	aui5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	their detestable things	Here “detestable things” refers to idols, which God hates. Alternate translation: “their disgusting idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
648	7:30	szk4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	house that is called by my name	This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:10. Alternate translation: “house that belongs to me” or “temple where they worship me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
649	7:31	bpk3		General Information:	General Information: The words “they” and “their” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
650	7:31	ud4q		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to describe the evil things that the people of Judah had done.
651	7:31	v64i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the high place of Topheth	This is the name of a place where the people of Israel sacrificed their children to a false god by burning them with fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
652	7:31	ikn7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the Valley of Ben Hinnom	This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
653	7:31	iq5w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	nor did it enter my mind	Here the word “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “nor did I ever think about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
654	7:32	dgv5		So see	The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed”
655	7:32	pkn1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	days are coming & when it	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” Alternate translation: “in the future … it” or “there will be a time … when it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
656	7:32	t424	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
657	7:32	ums9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	it will no longer be called	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will no longer call it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
658	7:32	zbr4		they will bury bodies	Alternate translation: “they will bury dead people”
659	7:32	tue8		no room left	Alternate translation: “no place remaining”
660	7:33	xa8f		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
661	7:33	mb9t		The corpses	Alternate translation: “The dead bodies”
662	7:33	sc5b		this people	Alternate translation: “the people of Judah”
663	7:33	h5ey		the birds of the skies	See how you translated “the birds of the heavens” in Jeremiah 4:25.
664	7:33	jv9c		the beasts of the earth	Alternate translation: “the wild animals of the land”
665	7:33	tf93		to frighten them away	Alternate translation: “to scare them away”
666	7:34	cm8g		I will put an end to	Alternate translation: “I will remove from”
667	7:34	w3gl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	the sound of joy and the sound of gladness	These two phrases mean almost the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. The abstract nouns “joy” and “gladness” can be translated using the verb “rejoicing” and the adjective “glad.” Alternate translation: “the sounds of people rejoicing and being glad” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
668	7:34	mbc1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride	This is a metonym for what happens at marriage ceremonies. Alternate translation: “and people celebrating marriage” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
669	7:34	t5xh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	will become a desolation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word desolation, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “desolate.” Alternate translation: “will become desolate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
670	8:intro	b29a			Jeremiah 8 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:5-22. The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Hyperbole The author frequently uses hyperbole in this chapter to describe the complete destruction of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
671	8:1	w8bg		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
672	8:1	x5ig		they will bring	This word “they” here refers to the enemies of the people of Judah.
673	8:1	c3wu		its officials	Alternate translation: “its princes” or “its rulers”
674	8:2	p4kx		will spread them out	The word “them” refers to the bones of the people listed in the previous verse.
675	8:2	i7h2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	that they have followed and served, that they have walked after and sought, and that they have worshiped	The word “they” here refers to the people of Judah. These three phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
676	8:2	gvn4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	walked after	This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 2:23. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
677	8:2	mxy9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The bones will not be gathered or buried again	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will gather their bones or bury them again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
678	8:2	j8lx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	They will be like dung on the surface of the earth	The bones are compared to dung on the ground both to emphasize that they will be disgusting and because they will not be buried. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
679	8:2	vr8n		on the surface of the earth	Alternate translation: “all over the ground”
680	8:3	w45m		where I have driven them	The word “them” refers to the people of Judah.
681	8:3	vl6x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
682	8:4	xxz7		General Information:	General Information: The words “them” and “they” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
683	8:4	tke2		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
684	8:4	rz6z		So say to them	Yahweh is telling Jeremiah what to say to the people of Judah.
685	8:4	v36i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Does anyone fall and not get up? Does anyone get lost and not try to return?	These questions make the point that the way that the people of Judah were acting did not make sense. They can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that when someone falls, he gets back up, and when someone gets lost, he tries to find his way back.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
686	8:5	zes9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why has this people, Jerusalem, turned away in permanent faithlessness?	Yahweh is saying that the way the people of Judah are acting does not make sense. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does not make sense that this people, Jerusalem, has turned away in permanent faithlessness.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
687	8:5	vgq1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Jerusalem	The word “Jerusalem” here is a synecdoche for all the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
688	8:5	h7hw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	hold on to treachery	What the people of Judah were doing is spoken of as if they were clinging to treachery and would not let it go. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
689	8:5	n5b8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	They hold on to treachery	Here, treachery is spoken of as if it were a physical object that a person could hold on to. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word treachery, you can express the same idea with the verb “deceive.” Holding on to something is a metaphor for loving. Alternate translation: “They refuse to turn away from what deceives them” or “They love the people who deceive them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
690	8:6	y22u		General Information:	General Information: The words “they” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
691	8:6	v92n		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
692	8:6	w5p2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	paid attention and listened	These two things mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
693	8:6	sg8t		did not speak right	Alternate translation: “did not say what is right”
694	8:6	i9mx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	for his wickedness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word wickedness, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “for being wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
695	8:6	yw8x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	What have I done?	The implied information is that this is a question that the people of Judah should have been asking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
696	8:6	g12y		go where they wish	Alternate translation: “go their own way”
697	8:6	r6ux	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like a stallion rushing toward battle	The eagerness of the people to follow their own evil way is compared to the eagerness of a war horse running toward a battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
698	8:6	j57y		stallion	adult male horse
699	8:7	j78m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Even the stork in heaven knows the right times; and the doves, swifts, and cranes	The implied information is that these types of birds know the right times to migrate, which means to fly from one place to another at different times of the year for feeding or breeding. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
700	8:7	lsk2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	stork & doves, swifts, and cranes	All of these are different types of birds that migrate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
701	8:7	i7xx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	They go on their migrations at the right time, but my people do not know Yahweh’s decrees	The implied information is that the people should have naturally known Yahweh’s decrees. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
702	8:7	g1he	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	They go on their migrations	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word migrations, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “migrate.” Alternate translation: “They migrate” or “They fly from one region to another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
703	8:8	qa8a		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
704	8:8	n65d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How can you say, “We are wise, for the law of Yahweh is with us”?	Yahweh asks this question to make the people of Judah think about what they were saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You think that you are wise because you have the law of Yahweh with you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
705	8:8	g95l		How can you say	The “you” here refers to the people of Judah.
706	8:8	d131		Indeed, see!	These words tell the hearer to pay close attention to what follows.
707	8:8	qeg1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The deceitful pen of the scribes	The pen represents the words that the scribes write. Alternate translation: “The false things that the scribes write” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
708	8:8	xs9e		has created deceit	Alternate translation: “has given you false ideas”
709	8:9	g2b6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	The wise men will be ashamed	This is irony because the wise men are normally honored for their wisdom. Alternate translation: “Those men who think they are wise will feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
710	8:9	eb2b		dismayed	terrified or shattered
711	8:9	kk1b		Behold!	Alternate translation: “Pay attention!”
712	8:9	i9ya	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	so what use is their wisdom?	This question expects a negative answer and is intended to make the hearers think about how little what they consider wisdom is really worth when they reject Yahweh’s word. Alternate translation: “so what they think is wise does not do them any good.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
713	8:10	n8yx		because from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy for dishonest gain! From the prophet to the priest, all of them practice deceit	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:13.
714	8:10	eq1m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	because from the least to the greatest, all of them are greedy	The phrase “from the least to the greatest” shows that all the people of Judah are included in the phrase “all of them,” regardless of how important they are. Alternate translation: “because all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and everyone else, are greedy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
715	8:10	by2f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the least	This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
716	8:10	m98v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the greatest	This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
717	8:10	ry2p		all of them	Alternate translation: “all of the people of Judah”
718	8:10	c6bc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	are greedy for dishonest gain	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word gain, you can express the same idea with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
719	8:10	me66		all of them practice deceit	Alternate translation: “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
720	8:11	a894		General Information:	General Information: The words “they,” “their” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
721	8:11	f7ex		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
722	8:11	t6ta	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They healed the wounds of my people lightly	This could mean: (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
723	8:11	t1ge	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They healed the wounds & lightly	Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
724	8:11	mjy3		“Peace, Peace,” when there was no peace	Alternate translation: “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it was not well”
725	8:12	j556	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Were they ashamed when they practiced abominations?	God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
726	8:12	a8qy		they did not know how to blush	“their faces did not even turn red.” When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red.
727	8:12	m1ix	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they will fall among the fallen	Here “fall” represents being killed. Alternate translation: “they will be killed along with the others who are killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
728	8:12	x1y2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they will be brought down when they are punished	Here “will be brought down” represents being destroyed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them when I punish them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
729	8:13	b972	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
730	8:13	yf5y		the leaf will wither	Alternate translation: “the leaf will dry up”
731	8:13	qr8u		what I have given to them will pass away	The meaning of the original text is uncertain here.
732	8:14	fx4e		General Information:	General Information: The words “we,” “us” and “our” refer to the people of Judah.
733	8:14	nn25		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message by telling us what the people of Judah will say at the time of their punishment.
734	8:14	r249	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why are we sitting here?	This question is asked to motivate action. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We should not stay here.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
735	8:14	bl3v		Come together; let us go to the fortified cities	The “fortified cities” were cities with high walls and strong defenses. See how you translated the similar phrases in Jeremiah 4:5.
736	8:14	vsn4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	we will become silent there in death	Here “become silent” means to die. Alternate translation: “let us die there” or “let us wait for our enemies to kill us there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
737	8:14	pv27	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	For Yahweh our God will silence us	Here “silence” is a metaphor for condemning to death. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh our God has condemned us to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
738	8:14	tg23	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	He will make us drink poison	This is an idiom for Yahweh’s judgment on his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
739	8:15	cpw9		but there will be nothing good	Alternate translation: “but nothing good will happen”
740	8:15	i77n		but see	Alternate translation: “but understand”
741	8:16	fvu7		General Information:	General Information: The words “his” and “they” in these verses refer to the enemies of Judah.
742	8:16	s1ew		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues his message about the punishment coming to Judah.
743	8:16	ck4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The snorting of his stallions is heard from Dan	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Dan hear the snorting of his stallions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
744	8:16	qq3k		snorting	a loud sound that a horse makes with its nose
745	8:16	x69l		stallions	adult male horses
746	8:16	v3by	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	The whole earth shakes	This is an exaggeration that is a metaphor for the people of Judah trembling with fear. Alternate translation: “All the people of the land shake with fear” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
747	8:16	hjp2		at the sound of the neighing of his strong horses	Alternate translation: “when they hear the sound of the enemy’s strong horses”
748	8:16	x6ln		neighing	a sound that a horse makes
749	8:16	a2w1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	they will come and consume	Here the word “consume” means to eat up. It is an idiom for how the enemies come and destroy the land and its inhabitants. Alternate translation: “they will come and destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
750	8:17	ns7j		For see	Alternate translation: “Now pay attention”
751	8:17	nvi3		vipers that you cannot charm	To charm means to sing or make music in order to control snakes.
752	8:17	ma3y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
753	8:18	f7zw		General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah and Yahweh have a conversation about the people of Judah.
754	8:18	hkg9		My sorrow has no end	The word “my” refers to Jeremiah. The original text is unclear and is interpreted here in different ways by modern versions.
755	8:18	ia82	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	has no end	These words are an exaggeration that express the great extent of Jeremiah’s sorrow. Alternate translation: “is very great” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
756	8:18	ah2i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my heart is sick	Here “heart” represents Jeremiah, emphasizing his feelings and emotions. Alternate translation: “I feel sick deep down inside me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
757	8:19	i7c2		Behold!	This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. “Pay attention!”
758	8:19	i2u5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the daughter of my people	Jeremiah is speaking about the people of Judah in a way that shows his affection for them, as if for a daughter. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 4:11. Alternate translation: “my dear people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
759	8:19	qg4d		from a land far away	This could mean: (1) From exile. Alternate translation: “from exile in a distant land” or (2) From throughout the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “throughout our land”
760	8:19	r91i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Is Yahweh not in Zion? Is her king no longer there?	These two questions are similar in meaning. They imply that the people of Judah are wondering why Yahweh is not saving them. Alternate translation: “Why does Yahweh not save us if he is the king in Zion?” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
761	8:19	i1se	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why then do they provoke me to anger with their carved figures and their worthless foreign idols?	The word “me” refers to Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “If they want me to save them, then they must not offend me with their carved figures.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
762	8:20	i3bj		General Information:	General Information: The word “we” refers to the people of Judah. The words “I” and “my” refer to Jeremiah.
763	8:20	f1z4		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues talking about the people of Judah.
764	8:20	ey1x		The harvest has passed on	Alternate translation: “Harvest time is over”
765	8:20	d3mu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	But we have not been saved	Jeremiah tells what the people of Judah are saying. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh has not saved us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
766	8:21	epc5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	I am hurt because of the hurt of the daughter of my people. I mourn at the horrible things that have happened to her; I am dismayed	These statements express the same idea in more than one way for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
767	8:22	j9cz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is there no medicine in Gilead? Is there no healer there? Why will the healing of the daughter of my people not happen?	These questions are asked to make the point that the people of Judah have not been saved. Alternate translation: “There is medicine in Gilead, and there are healers there, so tell me why the healing of my dear people will not happen.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
768	9:intro	muj3			Jeremiah 9 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 9:1-12, 17-24. The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) Special concepts in this chapter Funeral This chapter pictures Jerusalem as having a funeral with its typical songs. This is an image used to describe their destruction. It is a time of great sadness. Circumcision Circumcision is used here in an unusual way. Since circumcision was intended to be a display of faith, the author uses the term to differentiate between those who have faith in Yahweh and those who don’t. This is a type of metaphor. Those who have a circumcised heart have faith in Yahweh while those with an uncircumcised heart do not have faith in Yahweh, regardless of whether they are physically circumcised. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
769	9:1	dw2v		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh and Jeremiah continue talking about the people of Judah.
770	9:1	rjn7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	If only my head could produce water, and my eyes be a fountain of tears	This is Jeremiah speaking. These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how much Jeremiah is weeping. Alternate translation: “I wish I could make more tears” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
771	9:1	f1ez	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	day and night	By mentioning both “day” and “night” this phrase means all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
772	9:1	x4zd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the daughter of my people	Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. Here Jeremiah uses this same phrase for the people that Yahweh uses. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 4:11. Alternate translation: “my people, who are like Yahweh’s daughter” or “my dear people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
773	9:1	gx7s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who have been killed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom the enemy has killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
774	9:2	m5fi		If only someone would give me	“I wish someone would give me.” This is still Jeremiah speaking.
775	9:2	t6vy		a place for travelers in the wilderness to stay	This refers to a building for people traveling in the wilderness, where they can stop and sleep overnight.
776	9:2	l2ci		abandon my people	Alternate translation: “leave my people”
777	9:2	y2h4		a band of traitors	Alternate translation: “a group of people who betray other people”
778	9:3	m7dg		Yahweh declares	See how you translated “this is Yahweh’s declaration” in Jeremiah 1:8.
779	9:3	dkt1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They tread on their bows of lies with their tongues	Telling lies is spoken of as being done by the tongues of the wicked. Also, since a spoken lie cannot be taken back, telling lies is spoken of as if it were shooting arrows. Men who use bows must step on their bows in order to fasten the bowstrings, so liars are referred to here as if they were stringing their bows using their tongues. Alternate translation: “Their lies are like arrows that they shoot with the tongues” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
780	9:3	q5qh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	but it is not because of any faithfulness of theirs that they grow strong on the earth	“They do not grow strong on the earth because they are faithful to Yahweh, as they are wicked” and “This means that the people are not faithful to Yahweh, but rather are wicked and have gained their power through wickedness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
781	9:3	vc82	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They go from one wicked act to another	Committing one evil action after another is spoken of as if the evildoers were going from one action to another. Alternate translation: “They keep doing evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
782	9:4	i6ut		Each of you	The word “you” refers to the people of Judah.
783	9:4	zbn4		be on guard against your neighbor and do not trust in any brother	Alternate translation: “be careful not to trust your fellow Israelites, and do not even trust your own brother”
784	9:4	n2fi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	every neighbor walks in slander	Here “walking” is an idiom for living. Alternate translation: “every neighbor slanders one another” or “every neighbor is a slanderer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
785	9:5	t4rw		Each man mocks his neighbor and does not speak the truth	Alternate translation: “All of the people mock each other, and they do not tell the truth”
786	9:5	w9wa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Their tongues teach deceitful things	Here people are represented by their “tongues” to emphasize their speech. Alternate translation: “They teach deceitful things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
787	9:5	k167		They are exhausted from committing iniquity	Alternate translation: “They are tired from committing so much sin”
788	9:6	kdu3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Your dwelling is in the midst of deception	Yahweh speaks of living among people who are liars as living in the middle of deception. Alternate translation: “Your dwelling is among the dwellings of liars” or “You dwell in the midst of liars” (See:[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
789	9:6	ijp7		in their deceit	Alternate translation: “By telling all of these lies”
790	9:6	ra6u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
791	9:7	l451	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	See	Yahweh uses this word here to draw Jeremiah’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
792	9:7	kq5h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to refine them	Yahweh speaks of testing the people and dealing with their evil ways, as if they were metal that he were melting in a crucible to remove its impurities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
793	9:7	y5gl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	for what else can I do, because of what my people have done?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to state that this is how he needs to deal with his people because of what they have done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “for this is how I must deal with my people because of what they have done.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
794	9:8	ak19	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Their tongues are sharpened arrows	This speaks of people’s tongues as if they were sharpened arrows because of how the people hurt others by what they say. Here their speech is represented by their “tongues.” Alternate translation: “Their words are like sharpened arrows that hurt other people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
795	9:8	yi2b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	With their mouths they proclaim peace with their neighbors	Here people’s speech is represented by their “mouths.” Alternate translation: “They speak, saying that they want peace with their neighbors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
796	9:8	f4zw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	but with their hearts they lie in wait for them	Here a people’s desires are represented by their “hearts.” This speaks of them wanting to hurt their neighbors as if they were an animal crouching and waiting to attack its prey. Alternate translation: “but what they really want is to destroy their neighbors” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
797	9:9	x1jx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Should I not punish them because of these things & should I not avenge myself on a nation that is like this?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will not have mercy and stop himself from punishing them. See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 5:9. Alternate translation: “Because they do these things, I will punish them … I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
798	9:9	fm1d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
799	9:10	zfu4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	I will sing a song of mourning & a funeral song will be sung for the meadows	Yahweh is mourning for the land of Israel as if it were a person who died. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
800	9:10	s5s7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	a funeral song will be sung	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will sing a funeral song” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
801	9:10	xf64		the meadows	Alternate translation: “the fields of grass that the livestock eats”
802	9:10	x2nb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	For they are burned	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Because someone has burned the meadows and pastures” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
803	9:10	dv5k		They will not hear the sound of any cattle	Alternate translation: “Nobody will hear the sound of cattle there”
804	9:11	mp5y		a hideout for jackals	“a place for jackals to hide.” Jackals are fierce wild dogs.
805	9:11	har1		places without inhabitants	Alternate translation: “places where no people live”
806	9:12	lun7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What man is wise enough to understand this?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a very wise person will understand the things he has said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only people who are very wise can understand these things.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
807	9:12	dem8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	To whom has the mouth of Yahweh spoken, and he will declare it?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only the people he has spoken to can declare these things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only those who have been taught by Yahweh can explain these things to others.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
808	9:12	r7i9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the mouth of Yahweh	Here Yahweh’s speech is represented by his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
809	9:12	ru4f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why has the land perished and been destroyed & pass through?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a wise person could explain why the land has been destroyed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only a wise person could explain why the land has perished and been destroyed … pass through.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
810	9:12	x8mt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	has the land perished and been destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Both “perished” and “been ruined” describe the land being ruined. Alternate translation: “is the land ruined” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
811	9:13	v98g		It is because	Alternate translation: “These things will happen because”
812	9:13	dqx8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they have abandoned my law	Yahweh speaks of the people not obeying his law as if it were something that they had walked away from. Alternate translation: “they have rejected my law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
813	9:13	maj3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	they do not listen to my voice	Here Yahweh’s “voice” represents what he says. Alternate translation: “they do not pay attention to the things I tell them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
814	9:13	cf6h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	or walk by it	Here “walk” is an idiom for “live.” Alternate translation: “or live the way I tell them to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
815	9:14	d459	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	they have walked by their stubborn hearts	Here the people’s “stubborn hearts” represent their stubborn desires and stubborn will. Also, here “walked” represents living. Alternate translation: “they have been stubborn and lived the way they want to live” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
816	9:14	upa5		have followed the Baals	Alternate translation: “have worshiped the Baals”
817	9:15	bg34		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
818	9:15	za9v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	See	Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
819	9:15	s4r8		wormwood	a plant that tastes bitter
820	9:16	nyj4		Then I will scatter them among the nations	Alternate translation: “Then I will force them to leave here and live in many different countries”
821	9:16	axn5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	neither they nor their ancestors	The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “that neither they nor their ancestors have known” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
822	9:16	w74v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will send out a sword after them	Here the word “sword” refers to an enemy army. Alternate translation: “I will send an army of soldiers to fight against them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
823	9:16	bq4y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I have completely destroyed them	This is a metonym for Yahweh causing the people’s enemies to destroy them. Alternate translation: “I have caused their enemies to completely destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
824	9:17	lv4i		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh tells the people of Judah to mourn for the coming destruction of the land.
825	9:17	ict2		Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
826	9:17	air9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Summon funeral singers; let them come & Send out for women skilled at lamenting; let them come	These two phrases have the same meaning. They emphasize that they are to call funeral singers to come. Alternate translation: “Get women who are trained in mourning and bring those women here” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
827	9:17	d5sd		Summon funeral singers	Alternate translation: “Call women who are professional singers at funerals”
828	9:17	u7sp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	let them come	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “tell the women to come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
829	9:17	j5jq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Send out for women skilled at lamenting	The phrase “send out for” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Send people out to get women who are skilled at mourning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
830	9:18	ln9m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Let them hurry and sing a mournful song & and our eyelids flow with water	Here Yahweh says what the people of Judah will say when the destruction comes. The words “us” and “our” refer to the people of Judah and does not include Yahweh. This may be written instead as a command from Yahweh to the people. Alternate translation: “Tell them to hurry and sing a song to mourn for you, so your eyes may run with tears and your eyelids flow with water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
831	9:18	fft6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	so our eyes may run with tears and our eyelids flow with water	This describes the people crying a lot. Alternate translation: “so we will cry very hard with tears flowing from our eyes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
832	9:19	g4rv		General Information:	General Information: Here Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land.
833	9:19	la1m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	For the sound of wailing is heard in Zion	This refers to the people of Zion wailing loudly and can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Zion are crying loudly, saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
834	9:19	s2nn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	How we are devastated	Yahweh tells what the people of Judah will say when the land is destroyed. Alternate translation: “We are very upset” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
835	9:19	g3w7		We are greatly ashamed, for we have abandoned the land since they tore down our houses	Alternate translation: “Our shame is great, because enemies destroyed our houses and we had to leave the land of Israel”
836	9:20	n18s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	hear Yahweh’s word; pay attention to the messages that come from his mouth	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the command to listen to what Yahweh says. In the second phrase Yahweh’s “mouth” is a metonym for himself. Alternate translation: “listen to what Yahweh says. Pay attention to his words” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
837	9:20	hr1b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	each neighbor woman a funeral song	The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “teach each neighbor woman a funeral song” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
838	9:21	ruq9		General Information:	General Information: Here Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land.
839	9:21	tk2q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	For death has come through our windows & young men in the city squares	The people of Judah will compare death to a person who can climb in windows to attack the people inside and attacks people in the palaces, streets, and city squares. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
840	9:21	nap5		palaces	fancy houses where kings live. Death will come to rich and poor alike.
841	9:21	w73h		city squares	marketplaces
842	9:22	b1lf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	This is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “This is what Yahweh has declared” or “This is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
843	9:22	tfy4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	the corpses of men will fall like dung & like grain stalks after the reapers	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the large number dead bodies. Alternate translation: “dead bodies will fall all over the place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
844	9:22	q61w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	corpses of men will fall like dung in the fields	This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to dung that falls in the fields. Alternate translation: “dead bodies will drop everywhere like animal dung falls all over the fields” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
845	9:22	j451	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like grain stalks after the reapers	This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to cut stalks of grain. Alternate translation: “like stalks of grain fall everywhere after the farmers cut them down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
846	9:22	hyq6		there will be no one to gather them	Alternate translation: “there will be nobody to gather the dead bodies”
847	9:23	v41m		General Information:	General Information: These are the words of Yahweh.
848	9:23	cbr4		Do not let the wise man take pride in his wisdom	Alternate translation: “A wise man should not be proud because he is wise”
849	9:23	r3w7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	or the warrior in his might	The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “or let the warrior take pride in his might” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
850	9:23	mi8d		Do not let the wealthy man take pride in his riches	Alternate translation: “A rich man should not be proud because he is rich”
851	9:24	vub7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	has insight and knows me	“understands who I am and knows me.” Both of these phrases have similar meanings. They emphasize people knowing who Yahweh is and understanding who he is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
852	9:24	eht9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	For I am Yahweh	This refers to people knowing Yahweh and his ways. Alternate translation: “Because people should understand that I am Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
853	9:24	ccv3		For it is in these that I take pleasure	The word “these” refers to covenant loyalty, justice, and righteousness.
854	9:24	t9de	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
855	9:25	wg3m		General Information:	General Information: These are the words of Yahweh.
856	9:25	md99	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	See	Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Indeed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
857	9:25	k6yc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	all the circumcised who are such only in their body	This refers to the people of Israel who have entered into Yahweh’s covenant by getting circumcised physically, but who have not changed their inner beings by following his laws. Alternate translation: “all those people who have changed their bodies by circumcising them but who have not changed their inner beings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
858	9:26	qn15		all the people who cut the hair on their heads very short	This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness.”
859	9:26	siw4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	For all these nations are uncircumcised	The word “nations” refers to the people who live in these places. Foreigners being uncircumcised was a sign that they were not in Yahweh’s covenant. Alternate translation: “For the people of these nations did not enter into a covenant with Yahweh through circumcision” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
860	9:26	l471	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all the house of Israel has an uncircumcised heart	The “heart” represents a person’s will and desires. An “uncircumcised heart” represents the character of a person that does not follow Yahweh and his laws. Also, the “house” of Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel are only circumcised on the outside and have not changed their hearts” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
861	10:intro	v6xy			Jeremiah 10 General Notes Structure and formatting The ULT sets the lines in 10:1-25 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a long quotation. Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s power This chapter contrasts the great power of Yahweh with the powerlessness of any other false god. It is intended to question why the Jews would worship any other god. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
862	10:1	v6qy		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh has just reminded the people of Judah, as well as Egypt, Edom, Ammon, Moab and all people, that they will be punished.
863	10:1	d4ld		Hear the word	Alternate translation: “Hear the message”
864	10:1	str3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	house of Israel	Here the “house” of Israel represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
865	10:2	zcj4		Do not learn the ways of the nations	Alternate translation: “Do not act like the other nations act”
866	10:2	v9aa		dismayed	worried or upset
867	10:2	cej6		by the signs in the heavens	Alternate translation: “by strange things in the sky”
868	10:2	f2sy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	for the nations are dismayed by these	Here “the nations” refer to the people who live in them. This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “for the people of the nations are afraid of the strange things they see in the sky” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
869	10:3	d8ux		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh has just reminded them not to learn the ways of the nations nor be worried by things that happen in the sky.
870	10:3	t24u		craftsman	a man skilled in his work
871	10:5	xhf6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	What they make with their hands is like scarecrows	A scarecrow is a man-like figure made to scare birds and prevent them from eating the crops. Here Yahweh compares the idols to scarecrows because they are not capable of doing anything. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
872	10:5	y84p		cucumber	a vegetable that is usually long, with green skin and white flesh that contains much water
873	10:5	s7ty	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	they have to be carried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people have to carry them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
874	10:6	gd4l		General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah has just been talking about idol worship.
875	10:6	n439	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	your name is great in power	Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to himself and his reputation. Alternate translation: “you are very powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
876	10:7	c4dh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who does not fear you, king of the nations?	Jeremiah asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that everyone should fear Yahweh. Here he refers to Yahweh as “king of the nations.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Everyone should fear you, king of the nations.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
877	10:7	d3y9		what you deserve	Alternate translation: “what you have earned”
878	10:8	p37g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	They are all the same, they are brutish and stupid, disciples	The words “brutish” and “stupid” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how foolish the people are for worshiping idols. Alternate translation: “They are all very stupid, they are disciples” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
879	10:8	hm7c		disciples of idols that are nothing but wood	Alternate translation: “they try to learn from an idol which is only a piece of wood”
880	10:9	ni29	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tarshish & Uphaz	places where silver and gold are mined (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
881	10:9	zr2p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	gold from Uphaz made by artificers, the hands of refiners	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Also, the refiners are represented here by their “hands” because they do their work with their hands. Alternate translation: “gold from Uphaz that skilled craftsmen and refiners have made” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
882	10:9	a9y4		artificers	Alternate translation: “skilled craftsmen”
883	10:9	xa2h		refiners	people who heat gold to remove from it anything that is not gold
884	10:9	e22z		Their clothes are blue and purple cloth	Alternate translation: “The people dress the idols in blue and purple cloth”
885	10:10	mm4u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The earth quakes at his anger	This speaks of the earth shaking as an emotional response to Yahweh’s anger, when actually Yahweh causes the earth to quake. Alternate translation: “The earth quakes when he is angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
886	10:10	re97		quakes	Alternate translation: “shakes”
887	10:11	ng9f		General Information:	General Information: God is speaking to Jeremiah.
888	10:11	bq56		You will speak to them like this	The word “you” refers to the Israelites and the word “them” refers to the people of the other nations.
889	10:11	csc7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will perish from the earth	This speaks of the idols disappearing and losing their significance as if they were dying. This emphasizes their lack of power. Alternate translation: “will disappear from the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
890	10:12	sjc2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	stretched out the heavens	This speaks of Yahweh creating the sky as if it were a large sheet that he stretched out. Alternate translation: “created the heavens” or “created the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
891	10:13	hlz6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	His voice makes the roar of waters in the heavens	Here Yahweh is represented by his “voice” to emphasize his speech. The phrase “the roar of waters” refers to loud storms. Alternate translation: “His voice causes the storms in the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
892	10:13	b87n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he brings up the mists from the ends of the earth	This means that he causes the mists to evaporate and form clouds. The phrase “the ends of the earth” refers to all of the earth. Alternate translation: “he causes clouds to form over every part of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
893	10:13	y78p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	sends out wind from his storehouse	This speaks of Yahweh causing the wind to blow as if the wind were kept in a storehouse and brought out when he desires. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
894	10:13	h3h9		storehouse	a building where things are kept
895	10:14	rb7t		has become ignorant	Alternate translation: “is lacking knowledge” or “does not know”
896	10:14	up7n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Every metalworker is put to shame by his idols	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Every metalworker’s idols put him to shame” or “As for every metalworker, his idols shame him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
897	10:15	l8cb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	they will perish at the time of their punishment	This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. Alternate translation: “there will be a time when God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
898	10:16	gc2y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the portion of Jacob	Here “Jacob” represents the people of Israel. God being their “portion” is an idiom that means that they worship him. Alternate translation: “the portion of Israel” or “whom the people of Israel worship” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
899	10:16	q8sb		the molder of all things	Alternate translation: “the creator of all things” or “the one who created all things”
900	10:16	p7kl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Israel is the tribe of his inheritance	This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Israel belongs to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
901	10:17	hm4j		Gather your bundle	Alternate translation: “Gather your belongings”
902	10:17	g8r9		who have been living under the siege	Alternate translation: “whose city has been surrounded by your enemies’ army” or “who have been living in your city while an enemy army surrounds it”
903	10:18	h5w8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	See	Yahweh uses this word here to draw the peoples’ attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
904	10:18	yy6k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I am about to throw the inhabitants of the land out this time	Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people to leave the land as if they were objects that he were throwing out of a container. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people living in the land to leave that land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
905	10:18	bz7p		inhabitants of the land	Alternate translation: “people who live in the land”
906	10:18	ku2a		distress	great pain or suffering
907	10:19	wud3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah is speaking as if he were the whole tribe of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
908	10:19	k8py	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Woe to me! Because of my broken bones, my wound is infected	Jeremiah speaks of the peoples’ distress as if they were physically wounded by broken bones and infection. Alternate translation: “Woe to us! It is as though we have broken bones and an infected wound” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
909	10:19	m4ix	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	but I must bear it	Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate translation: “but we must bear it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
910	10:20	g663	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	My tent is devastated, and all of my tent cords are cut in two	Here Jeremiah speaks of the enemy having destroyed their city as if their tent had been destroyed. Alternate translation: “It is as though our great tent is destroyed; the ropes that held it up have been cut” or “The enemy has completely destroyed our city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
911	10:20	l9vb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	My tent is devastated	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “My enemy has devastated my tent” or “Our enemy has destroyed our tent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
912	10:20	plf2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	They have taken my children away from me	Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate translation: “Our enemies have taken our children away from us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
913	10:20	tc5f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	so they no longer exist	The children no longer existing is a metaphor for the parents never seeing them again. Alternate translation: “and it is like they no longer exist” or “and they will never return again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
914	10:20	n6v1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	There is no longer anyone to spread out my tent or to raise up my tent curtains	Here Jeremiah speaks of them not having descendants to rebuild their city as if their city were a tent that needs to be rebuilt. Alternate translation: “There is no one to rebuild our city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
915	10:21	x7r1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	For the shepherds are stupid & all their flock has been scattered	Here the leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were flocks of sheep. Alternate translation: “For the shepherds of our people are stupid … all the people of their flock have been scattered” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
916	10:21	zmx4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	all their flock has been scattered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and their enemies have scattered all their flock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
917	10:22	r6v8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	See! It is coming, a great earthquake is coming	Here the marching enemy armies are spoken of as if they were an earthquake. The word “See!” is used here as an idiom to draw the listener’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Look! The enemy army is coming, they sound like a great earthquake as they are marching” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
918	10:22	t67q		jackals	a type of fierce wild dog
919	10:23	vv9s		General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah prays for the people of Israel.
920	10:23	iqa8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	that the way of a man does not come from himself. No person walking directs his own steps	These two phrases mean the same thing. This means that no one has control over the various things that will happen to him during his life. Alternate translation: “that no person controls what will happen to him; no one is able to direct the events that he will experience” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
921	10:25	kfn6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Pour your fury on the nations	Here “the nations” refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “In your fury, punish the nations” or “In your anger, punish the nations of the people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
922	10:25	pi1m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	that do not call on your name	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that do not worship you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
923	10:25	b1zn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	For they have devoured Jacob and consumed him so as to completely destroy him	These three phrases have the same meaning. Jeremiah repeats this idea three times to emphasize the utter destruction of Israel. This speaks of the enemy armies attacking the people of Israel as if the armies were a fierce animal attacking and devouring its prey. Alternate translation: “For they have fiercely attacked the people of Israel and consumed them so as to completely destroy them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
924	10:25	z8p8		demolish his habitation	Alternate translation: “demolish their homes”
925	11:intro	tg7m			Jeremiah 11 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 11:15-17, 20. Special concepts in this chapter The covenant The covenant Yahweh made with Moses is prominent in this chapter. Because the people disobeyed this covenant, God will not help them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
926	11:1	l9ym	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 7:1. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said,” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
927	11:2	q9d8		the inhabitants of Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “the people who live in Jerusalem”
928	11:3	d8vl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Cursed is anyone	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will curse anyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
929	11:4	gi9b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	from the land of Egypt, from the furnace for smelting iron	This speaks of the horrible circumstances and oppression the Israelites were living in Egypt by comparing them to a smelting furnace. Alternate translation: “of Egypt. What happened to them in Egypt was terrible; it was as though they were living in a hot furnace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
930	11:4	q1a1		smelting	heating iron to liquid form
931	11:4	fni7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Listen to my voice	The word “voice” here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and “listen” is a metonym for “obey.” Alternate translation: “Obey what I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
932	11:5	dhd3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the land flowing with milk and honey	“the land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “the land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
933	11:6	ts3p		the words of this covenant	Alternate translation: “the terms of this covenant”
934	11:6	szb8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	carry them out	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “obey them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
935	11:7	q8ju		solemn	serious and important
936	11:7	k1gz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Listen to my voice	The word “voice” here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and “listen” is a metonym for “obey.” Alternate translation: “Obey what I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
937	11:8	uvr6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Each person has been walking in the stubbornness of his wicked heart.	Here “walking” is an idiom for the way a person lives. The word “heart” is a metonym for a person’s desires and emotions. Alternate translation: “Each person has refused to change and has been living by his own wicked desires” or “Each person has refused to change and continues to do the evil things that they want to do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
938	11:8	dla5		So I brought all the curses in this covenant that I commanded to come against them	Alternate translation: “So I punished them with all the curses that I described in this covenant that I had commanded them to obey”
939	11:9	n1vg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	A conspiracy has been discovered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There is a conspiracy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
940	11:9	n8g7		conspiracy	a secret plan to do something that is harmful or illegal
941	11:9	lr11		the inhabitants of Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “the people who live in Jerusalem”
942	11:10	g2wu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	They have turned to the iniquities of their earliest ancestors	The phrase “turned to” is an idiom that means to start doing something. Alternate translation: “They have returned to committing the same iniquities as their earliest ancestors committed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
943	11:10	u3ji		walked after	Alternate translation: “followed after”
944	11:10	x1cg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “The kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
945	11:10	u4q4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
946	11:11	sr2g		See	This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
947	11:12	cy8r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The cities of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem	Here the “cities of Judah” represents the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “The people who live in the cities of Judah and in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
948	11:12	kpf4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	but they will certainly not be saved by them	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but their gods will certainly not save them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
949	11:13	k26k		to equal	Alternate translation: “to as many as”
950	11:13	d3q3		her streets	Alternate translation: “the streets in Jerusalem”
951	11:14	em49		You must not wail	Alternate translation: “You must not make a loud cry of sadness”
952	11:15	r1nl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why is my beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, in my house?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the people Judah no longer have a right to be in his temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, should not be in my house.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
953	11:15	r9hb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	is my beloved one, the one who has had	The people of Judah are spoken of as if they were a single woman greatly beloved. Alternate translation: “are the people whom I love, those who have had” or “are the people of Judah whom I love, who have had” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
954	11:16	ia9c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	In the past Yahweh called you a leafy olive tree	In the Old Testament people were often compared to trees or plants. Those who were prosperous and healthy were spoken of as leafy, fruitful tree. Alternate translation: “In the past Yahweh said that you were like a leafy olive tree” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
955	11:16	q1zk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will light a fire on it	This expression continues the metaphor of the tree. The fire stands for the destruction of the people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
956	11:16	jn51	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	that will sound like the roar of a storm	This compares the sound of the raging fire to the sound of a severe storm. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
957	11:16	bt3s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	its branches will be broken	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will break off your branches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
958	11:17	u8fc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the one who planted you	This speaks of Yahweh placing the people of Israel and Judah in the places where they live as if they were a tree that Yahweh had planted. Alternate translation: “who planted you like a farmer plants a tree” or “the one who placed you to live in the land of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
959	11:17	b82g		has decreed disaster against you	Alternate translation: “has decreed that disaster will come upon you”
960	11:17	cs7v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
961	11:17	p53z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
962	11:18	aeu2		Yahweh made me know these things, so I know them	“You have revealed things to me and so I know them.” The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him.
963	11:18	nd6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	made me see their deeds	The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him. This is spoken of here as if Jeremiah has already see their actions. Alternate translation: “have revealed to me their evil plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
964	11:19	s72l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I was like a gentle lamb being led to a butcher	This speaks of Jeremiah being unaware of his enemies’ plans to kill him by comparing him to a lamb who is being led to be slaughtered. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
965	11:19	msn1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	being led to a butcher	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that my enemies were leading to a butcher” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
966	11:19	jta1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Let us destroy the tree with its fruit	Here Jeremiah’s enemies speak of killing him as if he were a fruit tree that they were planning to destroy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
967	11:19	brr9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Let us cut him off from the land of the living	The phrase “cut him off” means to destroy him. Also, “the living” refers to living people. Alternate translation: “Let us kill him so he is no longer in the land of those who are alive” or “Let us destroy him so that he is no longer among the world of living people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
968	11:19	cr3r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	his name will be no longer remembered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will no longer remember his name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
969	11:20	xa3x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the heart and the mind	The heart is a metonym for what a person feels and desires and “the mind” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides. Alternate translation: “a person’s feelings and thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
970	11:20	u147	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	I will witness your vengeance	The word “vengeance” here can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will watch you take revenge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
971	11:21	xz1z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Anathoth	This is the name of a special city where priests live. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
972	11:21	jh6a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	seeking your life	This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. Alternate translation: “wanting to kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
973	11:21	m8v8		They say	“They say to me.” The men are speaking to Jeremiah.
974	11:21	g4k7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	you will die by our hand	Here the men refer to their “hand” to emphasize that they plan to kill him themselves. Alternate translation: “we ourselves will kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
975	11:22	d5xb		Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
976	11:22	y5mj		See	This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
977	11:22	kn5i		vigorous young men	men at the strongest time of their lives
978	11:22	hgu8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	will die by the sword	Here the “sword” represents battle. Alternate translation: “will die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
979	11:23	k7a8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	None of them will be left	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will leave none of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
980	11:23	wlv1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	a year of their punishment	The word “year” here is a idiom that describes a specific period of time that Yahweh decides. Alternate translation: “in the time of their punishment” or “for the time of their punishment is coming” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
981	12:intro	mtm9			Jeremiah 12 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:1-13. Special concepts in this chapter Jeremiah complains that evil men prosper Jeremiah complains that evil men prosper. He questions Yahweh’s justice. Yahweh’s response: if Jeremiah is upset by the people of Anathoth, how will he face enemies in Jerusalem? (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) Yahweh’s grace to the other nations Yahweh gives a gracious offer to the Gentile nations. If the other nations who have been against Judah leave their idols and worship God, then God will allow them to return to their lands. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]])
982	12:1	h7ur		General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh.
983	12:1	v383	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the wicked	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
984	12:2	xd5m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You planted them and they took root. They continue to produce fruit	Here Jeremiah speaks of the wicked as if they were fruit trees. Alternate translation: “They are like fruit trees that you planted, that you allow to prosper and to produce lots of fruit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
985	12:2	bj22	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	You are near to them in their mouths, but far away from their hearts	Here “mouths” represents what a person says. And, “hearts” represents what a person thinks or feels. Also, being loyal is spoken of as if it were being near a person, and being disloyal is spoken of as if it were being far away from a person. Alternate translation: “They always say good things about you, but they do not love or respect you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
986	12:3	kt44	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my heart	Here the “heart” represents a person’s thoughts and true feelings. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” or “my inner feelings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
987	12:3	p1lp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Take them away like sheep to the slaughter	Here Jeremiah asks Yahweh to prepare to punish the wicked as if they were sheep to be taken away to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “Take the wicked people away, like sheep for slaughter” or “Prepare to punish those wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
988	12:3	jep3		the day of slaughter	Alternate translation: “the day they will be destroyed”
989	12:4	gvz5		How long will the land go on drying up & because of the wickedness of its inhabitants?	Their land is dry and rain has not come as punishment for the peoples’ wickedness.
990	12:4	bea9		wither	dry up
991	12:4	lm57	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The animals and the birds have been taken away	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The animals and the birds are gone” or “The animals and the birds have all died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
992	12:4	a1hp		God will not see what happens to us	This could mean: (1) The people are saying that God does not know what things will happen to them in their future or (2) God is unaware of their sin. Alternate translation: “God does not see the sinful things that we do”
993	12:5	hax2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	how can you compete against horses?	This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run with horses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will never compete well against horses.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
994	12:5	e5b2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	If you fall down	This refers to while the person is running. Alternate translation: “If you fall down while running” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
995	12:5	km32		the safe countryside	This refers to the open countryside, where it is easy to travel quickly, in contrast to the overgrown thickets along the Jordan River, where it is difficult to move.
996	12:5	rki9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	how will you do in the thickets along the Jordan?	This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run through the thickets along the Jordan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will surely not be able to run in the thickets along the Jordan.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
997	12:5	c56k		thickets	many bushes or small trees growing close together
998	12:6	g1pt		denounced	to have accused someone publicly
999	12:7	js9l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	I have abandoned my house; I have forsaken my inheritance. I have given my beloved into the hands of her enemies.	These three sentences have similar meanings. The first and second one strengthens the thought in the third. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1000	12:7	v9at	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I have abandoned my house; I have forsaken my inheritance	The two phrases are metaphors in which Yahweh speaks of his people as if they were his “house” and his “inheritance.” Alternate translation: “I have abandoned my Israelite people, the people whom I chose to belong to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1001	12:7	v6xh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	into the hands of her enemies	Here the word “hands” represents control. Alternate translation: “to be conquered by her enemies” or “over to the control of her enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1002	12:7	ra61	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	of her	Here Yahweh refers to his people as a female by using a feminine pronoun. Alternate translation: “of their” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1003	12:8	n59e		she sets herself against me with her own voice	This continues to speaks of Yahweh’s people as a lion. This speaks of the people showing they are against him as if they were roaring at him. Alternate translation: “it is like she roars at me to defy me”
1004	12:8	ik2q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	she sets herself & with her & hate her	Here Yahweh refers to his people as a female by using feminine pronouns. Alternate translation: “they set themselves … with their … hate them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1005	12:9	m995	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Has not my prized possession become a speckled bird, that other birds of prey go against her all around?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that his people are surrounded by their enemies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My prized possession has become a speckled bird and other birds of prey go against her all around.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1006	12:9	j8nr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Has not my prized possession	Here Yahweh speaks of his people as his “prized possession.” Alternate translation: “Have not my people, who are my prized possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1007	12:9	rn3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	become a speckled bird, that other birds of prey go against her all around	Here Yahweh speaks of his people being in danger and surrounded by their enemies as if they were a speckled bird surrounded by birds of prey. Alternate translation: “become like a speckled bird, and her enemies are like birds of prey attacking her on all sides” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1008	12:9	q57h		a speckled bird	“a strange looking bird.” This refers to a bird that was often picked on and eaten by other birds.
1009	12:9	l3t3		birds of prey	birds that attack and eat animals
1010	12:9	idp1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Go and gather all the wild beasts and bring them to devour her	Yahweh speaks here in the form of a command to strengthen what he says. This command is not directed to a specific person and may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Let all the wild beasts in the fields come and eat her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
1011	12:10	jl5k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard	Here Yahweh speaks of his land and his people being destroyed by armies as if they were a vineyard that shepherds had destroyed. Alternate translation: “My people and my land are like a vineyard that many shepherds have destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1012	12:10	nw8j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Many shepherds have destroyed	Here the word “shepherds” refers to their sheep. Alternate translation: “Many shepherds have allowed their sheep to destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1013	12:10	dr86		They have stomped all over	Alternate translation: “They have crushed under their feet”
1014	12:10	d5c7		my portion of land	Alternate translation: “the ground I planted” or “my field”
1015	12:11	ry1p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	All the land has been made desolate	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “All the land is desolate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1016	12:11	z4k3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	takes it to heart	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cares” or “pays any attention” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1017	12:12	uwl3		Destroyers have come	Alternate translation: “Destroying armies have come”
1018	12:12	rbb1		bare places in the wilderness	Alternate translation: “places in the wilderness where nothing grows”
1019	12:12	s2mb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	for Yahweh’s sword is devouring	Here Yahweh speaks of the armies that he is using to punish his people as being his “sword.” His”sword” is described here as if it were a large animal that attacked and devoured the people. Alternate translation: “for the armies are my sword that I am using to punish you” or “for I am sending the destroying armies to attack you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1020	12:12	c8pt		from one end of the land to the other	This refers to the whole land that belongs to his people.
1021	12:13	du4i		They have sown wheat but harvest thornbushes	Alternate translation: “They have sown wheat, but there is nothing to harvest but thornbushes”
1022	12:13	k4yk		They have	Alternate translation: “My people have”
1023	12:13	c3di		thornbushes	a large plant that is covered in sharp points
1024	12:13	jez5		exhausted	unable to do more, without any more strength
1025	12:13	fby2		So be ashamed of your gain because of Yahweh’s anger	“So be ashamed of your tiny harvest because Yahweh is angry with you.” Here the word “gain” does not mean a large amount of something, but refers to a small amount.
1026	12:14	w8dl		strike at the possession	Alternate translation: “have been trying to take away the land”
1027	12:14	c7h3		made my people Israel inherit	Alternate translation: “gave my people Israel as an inheritance”
1028	12:14	e4jf		See	This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1029	12:14	b371	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to uproot them from their own ground	God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. See how you translated this concept in Jeremiah 1:10. Alternate translation: “to make them leave their own land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1030	12:14	sv7x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will pull up the house of Judah from among them	Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people of Judah to leave the lands of the other nations as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. Alternate translation: “I will cause the house of Judah to leave their lands as well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1031	12:14	ylh4		pull up	Alternate translation: “uproot”
1032	12:14	t297	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1033	12:15	i4tb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I uproot those nations	God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. Alternate translation: “I make those nations leave their lands and move to different places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1034	12:16	f6ti		General Information:	General Information: God’s word about Judah’s neighbors.
1035	12:16	i1wv		It will come about that	Alternate translation: “It will happen that”
1036	12:16	j3ji	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	As Yahweh lives	“As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Swearing in Yahweh’s name instead of in Baal’s name indicates that they worship Yahweh instead of Baal. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 4:2. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1037	12:16	uph7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they will be built up in the midst of my people	This speaks of the people becoming prosperous as if they were a building that was being built. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will build them up in the midst of my people” or “I will make them wealthy and they will live among my people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1038	12:16	pe5g		midst	middle
1039	12:17	w4yd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1040	13:intro	ky38			Jeremiah 13 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 13:15-27. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Symbolism The action of hiding the undergarment was intended to be a symbolic event. It was supposed to get the Jews’ attention and be a lesson for them to learn. Jeremiah performed the action, but it was not the action itself that was important. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1041	13:1	yq1d		linen	a type of very fine cloth
1042	13:1	puq2		undergarment	clothing that people wear under their clothes; underwear
1043	13:1	d4jw		waist	the middle part of the body, usually the narrowest, between the hips and chest
1044	13:1	kf2e		do not put it in water first	Alternate translation: “do not wash it or get it wet”
1045	13:3	z13h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to me a second time, saying,	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1046	13:4	b7b3		rock crevice	a space between rocks or a crack in a rock, big enough to put something into it
1047	13:8	wf3x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1048	13:9	a1zp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	of Judah and Jerusalem	Here Judah and Jerusalem refer to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “of the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1049	13:10	j3d9		to listen to my word	Alternate translation: “to obey what I say”
1050	13:10	rn4k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	who walk in the hardness of their heart	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “who are stubborn and only do the things they desire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1051	13:11	z1xb		clings to & cling to me	Alternate translation: “sticks to … stick to me” or “stays close to … stay close to me”
1052	13:11	t4mp		all the house of & all the house of	Alternate translation: “all the people of … all the people of”
1053	13:11	uak7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1054	13:11	h7ch	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1055	13:11	b9j5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1056	13:12	sbk9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Every jar will be filled with wine & every jar will be filled with wine	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Every wineskin should be full of wine … every wineskin should be full of wine” or “Every wine jar should be full of wine … every wine jar should be full of wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1057	13:13	bv6t		See	This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1058	13:13	g8y3		fill with drunkenness every inhabitant of this land	Alternate translation: “cause all the people of this land to be drunk”
1059	13:13	e418	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the kings who sit on David’s throne	Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as “David’s throne.” Alternate translation: “the kings who sit on Judah’s throne” or “the kings of the nation of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1060	13:14	e1iz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	smash each man against the other, fathers and children together	Here the words “each man” refer to both men and women. Alternate translation: “Then I will cause the people to fight with each other, even parents and children will fight one another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1061	13:14	g1jc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	fathers and children together	The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “I will smash fathers and children together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1062	13:14	kq6a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1063	13:14	n1g8		I will not pity	Alternate translation: “I will not feel sorry for”
1064	13:14	p3a5		will not spare them from destruction	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will allow them to be destroyed”
1065	13:15	d8mp		arrogant	falsely believing oneself to be important
1066	13:16	wwm1		he brings darkness	Here trouble and despair are spoken of as if they were “darkness.” Alternate translation: “he brings trouble and despair” or “he cause great troubles to come”
1067	13:16	f21v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	before he causes your feet to stumble	Here a person is referred to by his “feet” to emphasize that he is walking. Alternate translation: “before he causes you to trip and fall as you walk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1068	13:16	nkc1		twilight	early morning or evening when it is partially dark, when the sun is beginning to rise or when the sun is almost set
1069	13:16	lg6k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	For you are hoping for light, but he will turn the place into a deep darkness, into a dark cloud	This speaks of goodness and blessings as “light” and of trouble and despair as “darkness.” Alternate translation: “For you were hoping for light and blessings, but Yahweh will give you darkness and great despair--you will feel like you are surrounded by a dark cloud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1070	13:17	k2pj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	for Yahweh’s flock has been taken captive	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for enemies have captured Yahweh’s flock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1071	13:17	j4z9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	for Yahweh’s flock has been taken captive	Here Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh’s people as Yahweh’s “flock” because he cares for them like a shepherd cares for his sheep. This event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. Alternate translation: “for you who are Yahweh’s flock, your enemies will soon capture you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
1072	13:18	f5bj		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh is continuing to talk to Jeremiah. He is telling Jeremiah what to say to the king of Judah and the king’s mother.
1073	13:18	ihz2		queen mother	the mother of the king
1074	13:18	i8em	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	for your splendid crowns have fallen from your heads	A king and queen mother wear crowns to represent their royal positions as the king and queen mother. Also, this event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. Alternate translation: “for you will no longer be the king and queen mother, for your crowns, your pride and glory, will fall off” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
1075	13:19	jw8r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The cities in the Negev will be shut up, with no one to open them	This means that the cities will be surrounded by their enemies, who will not allow anyone to go in or come out of the cities. Alternate translation: “The cities in the Negev will be shut up, and no one will be able to go into them or come out of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1076	13:19	r9z3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The cities in the Negev will be shut up	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will shut the cities in the Negev up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1077	13:19	hr6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	All Judah will be taken captive, completely taken captive	Here “Judah” represents the people who live there. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemies will take all of the people of Judah captive into exile” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1078	13:20	qx4s		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh is talking to the people of Jerusalem.
1079	13:20	s5yj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Lift up your eyes and look at the ones coming from the north	Here the word “look” is an idiom that means to pay attention and be aware of what is happening. Also, “Lift up your eyes” represents looking at something. Alternate translation: “Pay attention and be aware of the ones coming from the north” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1080	13:20	ve51	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the ones coming from the north	This refers an enemy army that will come from the north. Alternate translation: “the enemy army coming from the north” or “the enemy army marching from the north” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1081	13:20	iny8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Where is the flock he gave to you, the flock that was so beautiful to you?	This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that the people of Judah will be captured by the enemy armies. This question is asked as if the people of Judah had already been captured even though this has not yet happened. The question can be written as a statement and in future tense. Alternate translation: “I gave you the people of Judah to care for, like a beautiful flock of sheep, but the enemy army will capture them.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
1082	13:20	e5mm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the flock	This speaks of the people of Judah as a “flock” of sheep to emphasize that the leaders of Judah were supposed to care for them and look after them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1083	13:21	t9l3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What will you say when God sets over you those you had trained to be your special allies?	This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that the people who Judah’s leaders thought they were at peace with will conquer them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The people you thought were your friends will conquer you and rule over you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1084	13:21	br9q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Are these not the beginnings of the labor pains that will seize you just like a woman in childbirth?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to tell the people that their capture is just the beginning of the suffering they will go through. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “These things that you will suffer are like the beginning of the labor pains of a woman in childbirth.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1085	13:22	i8we	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	that your skirts are raised up and you have been violated	This means that the enemy soldiers will rape the Judean women. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the enemy soldiers will lift up the skirts of your women and rape them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1086	13:23	wyf8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Can the people of Cush change their skin color, or a leopard change its spots?	This rhetorical question is used to state an example of something that is impossible. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Also, the understood verb “can” maybe be supplied in the second phrase. Alternate translation: “The people of Cush cannot change their skin color and a leopard cannot change its spots.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1087	13:23	m8ie	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	If so, then you yourself, although accustomed to wickedness, would be able to do good	This statement is ironic because the examples about the Cushite and the leopard are impossible situations. This states that if those impossible things could happen then they could do good. Alternate translation: “Just like these things are impossible, so it is also impossible for you who always do evil to do good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1088	13:24	rw5p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	I will scatter them like chaff that perishes in the desert wind	“I will scatter them like chaff that is blown away by the wind.” Yahweh is saying He will scatter His people throughout the world just as chaff is scattered by the wind. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1089	13:26	pid5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I myself will strip your skirts off you, and your private parts will be seen.	This means that Yahweh will make them feel ashamed. It does not in any way mean that he will rape them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It is as though I myself will strip your skirts off of you so that everyone will see your private parts and you will be ashamed” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1090	13:27	r896	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	neighing	This is the sound of a male horse desiring a female horse. Alternate translation: “lusting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1091	14:intro	pqn1			Jeremiah 14 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:1-10, 17-22. Special concepts in this chapter False prophets The false prophets promised there would not be any war or drought. They gave people a false sense of hope, when they needed to repent. Because of this, Yahweh sent a drought and said that the false prophets would die of drought and war. This showed that these were not true prophets of Yahweh. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
1092	14:1	dvb6		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just talked about the adultery of the people.
1093	14:1	c8lt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1094	14:2	cn9g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Let Judah mourn	Here “Judah” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “Let the people of Judah mourn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1095	14:2	zct6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	let her gates fall apart	Here the word “gates,” which keep enemies out of cities and where people conduct business and government, is a synecdoche for Judah’s cities, and Judah’s cities are a metonym for the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “let her cities fall apart” or “let the people in her cities become unable to defend themselves” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1096	14:2	twu5		fall apart	Alternate translation: “fall into pieces”
1097	14:2	qu68	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	their cries for Jerusalem are going up	The phrase “going up” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “They are calling out loudly in prayer for Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1098	14:3	v2l2		Their mighty ones	Alternate translation: “The rich people”
1099	14:3	z6ul	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	ashamed and dishonored	Both of these words have similar meaning and together emphasize that the servants were ashamed that they were unable to get water. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1100	14:3	drx3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	they cover their heads	In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1101	14:4	l4rv		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has continued to tell the people about the drought.
1102	14:4	je8k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	The plowmen are ashamed and cover their heads	In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1103	14:5	yca3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	the doe leaves her young in the fields and abandons them	These two phrase have the same meaning and emphasize that the doe leaves her young deer because she cannot provide for them. A doe is a female deer. Alternate translation: “the deer leaves her young in the field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1104	14:5	q5hd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	for there is no grass	This means that there is no grass for the deer to eat. Alternate translation: “for there is no grass for them to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1105	14:6	rv34	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	they pant in the wind like jackals	This speaks of the donkeys panting because they are thirsty by saying that they pant like jackals. Jackals are fiece wild dog which pant a lot. Alternate translation: “they pant in the wind like thirsty jackals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1106	14:6	sa12		Their eyes fail to work, for there is no vegetation	Alternate translation: “They become blind because there is no grass to eat”
1107	14:7	u1uz		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just told the people about the drought.
1108	14:7	a7md	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	our iniquities testify against us	Here their “iniquities” are spoken of as if they were people who testified against them about their wrong doing. Alternate translation: “our iniquities give evidence of our wrongdoing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1109	14:7	hdk6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for the sake of your name	Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “for the sake of your reputation” or “in order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1110	14:8	t2bf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Hope of Israel	This is another name for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You are the hope of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1111	14:8	pi7p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	why will you be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer who stretches out and spends just one night?	The people are asking if Yahweh is unconcerned with his people and unable to help them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should not be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer who stretches out and spends just one night.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1112	14:8	m5rq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	why will you be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer & just one night	This question speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unconcerned with helping his people as if he were a stranger just travelling though a place unconcerned with those living there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1113	14:9	i24n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Why are you like someone who is astounded, or like a warrior who has no power to rescue?	This speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unable to help his people as if he were a confused warrior who was unable to rescue anyone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do nothing to help us, like someone who is astounded or like a warrior who has no power to rescue us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1114	14:9	np92		astounded	unable to understand or to think clearly
1115	14:9	s46u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	your name is called over us	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This speaks of the people being Yahweh’s people by saying that his name is over them. Alternate translation: “we bear your name” or “we are your people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1116	14:10	jb8u		General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah has been praying and asking Yahweh not to leave them alone.
1117	14:10	u7uz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they love to wander	“they love to wander away from me.” This speaks of people being unfaithful to Yahweh and not obey him as if they had wandered from the place where he is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1118	14:10	x599	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	have not held back their feet	Here the people are referred to by their “feet” to emphasize their walking away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “have not kept themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1119	14:10	t4hn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	calls to mind	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remembers” or “recalls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1120	14:11	i69u		on behalf of	Alternate translation: “to assist” or “to help”
1121	14:12	a2l9		wailing	loudly crying because of sorrow
1122	14:12	vgw6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	I will put an end to them	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1123	14:12	c1vk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	by sword	Here war is represented by the “sword” which was the common weapon used in battle. Alternate translation: “by war” or “by battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1124	14:13	xfr8		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh has just told Jeremiah not to pray for the people of Judah.
1125	14:13	l6t3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	You will not see the sword	Here “sword” represents war, and to “see” represents experiencing. Alternate translation: “You will not experience any war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1126	14:13	sd1w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will give you true security	Here “security” is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could give to another person. Alternate translation: “I will allow you to live securely” or “I will allow you to live peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1127	14:14	jsc3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	prophesy deceit	The word “deceit” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “prophesy deceitfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1128	14:14	xd4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in my name	This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1129	14:14	jv6e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I did not send them out	This means that Yahweh did not send them out with messages to give to the people. Alternate translation: “I did not send them to prophesy to other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1130	14:14	t2xs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	coming from their own minds	Here “minds” are spoken of as if they were a place instead of the ability to think of ideas. Alternate translation: “that they think up themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1131	14:15	p8k9		General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah has just been talking to Yahweh about the things the false prophets have been prophesying.
1132	14:15	kl3i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in my name	This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 14:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1133	14:15	q47z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	there will be no sword & perish by sword	Here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “there will be no war … perish by war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1134	14:16	yx8a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	famine and sword	Here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “famine and war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1135	14:16	ex5f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Then the people to whom they prophesied will be thrown out in the streets of Jerusalem because of famine and sword	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This means that whole families will die and people will throw their bodies into the streets instead of burying them. Alternate translation: “Then the people to whom they prophesied will die by famine and sword and people will throw their bodies into the streets of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1136	14:16	vjb4		their wives, their sons, or their daughters	This describes who is referred to by the word “them,” that is, everyone who died by famine and sword.
1137	14:16	wam5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will pour out their wickedness on them	Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people in accordance to their wicknedness as if their own wickedness were a liquid that he would pour upon them. Alternate translation: “I will punish them like they deserve to be punished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1138	14:17	m8yd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	night and day	Here two opposite times of the day are given to mean all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time, both night and day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1139	14:17	v4hr		incurable wound	a cut or break in skin that cannot be cured
1140	14:18	kwc2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who were killed by the sword	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Also, here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “who died by the sword” or “who died in war” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1141	14:18	xa86	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	there are the diseases that are caused by famine	Here the “diseases” represent the people who have these diseases because of their starvation. Alternate translation: “there are the ones who are sick because of famine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1142	14:18	uax5		wander	move around without purpose
1143	14:18	nrq3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	they do not know	It may be helpful to state what they do not know. Alternate translation: “they do not know what they are doing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1144	14:19	bxi3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	for a time of healing	The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “we hoped for a time of healing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1145	14:20	z8n3		We admit, Yahweh, our offenses, the iniquity of our ancestors	Alternate translation: “Yahweh, we admit our wicked offenses and our ancestors’ iniquity”
1146	14:21	ur4i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	For the sake of your name	Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “For the sake of your reputation” or “In order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1147	14:21	h4sh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	your glorious throne	Yahweh’s “throne” is represented by Zion, that is Jerusalem. His “throne” also represents the place where he rules as king. Alternate translation: “do disgrace Zion where you glorious throne is” or “do not disgrace Zion, where you rule as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1148	14:22	my15		can the skies themselves send down showers	Alternate translation: “Can the skies decide when they make the rain to fall?”
1149	15:intro	ebq4			Jeremiah 15 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:2, 5-21. Special concepts in this chapter Do not pray for the people God told Jeremiah not to pray for the people because God was punishing them. This was meant to be an illustration for Jeremiah. Jeremiah was not to pray because the punishment was already determined. Yahweh also explains that even the great Moses could not help the sinful Jews. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Yahweh uses Gentile nations Yahweh is going to use the Gentile nations to punish Judah. This would have been very offensive to the Jews. They would have also been surprised to learn that Yahweh was using the Gentile nations to punish his people. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1150	15:1	w1rn		General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah has just been praying to Yahweh.
1151	15:1	az7b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	were standing in front of me, I would still not be in favor of this people	This implies that they are pleading for Yahweh to spare the people. Alternate translation: “were standing in front of me pleading for these people, I would still not be in favor of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1152	15:1	g56c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Send them out from before me, for them to go away	Yahweh repeats this idea of sending away his people to add emphasis to it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1153	15:2	i7zf		Those who are for	Alternate translation: “Those whom I have appointed to go to”
1154	15:2	a7na	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	should go to death	This speaks of dying as if death were a place that people can go to. Alternate translation: “should die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1155	15:2	qrc1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	those who are for the sword should go to the sword	Here the “sword” represents war. To be “for the sword” means that God has appointed them to die in war. Alternate translation: “those whom I have appointed to die in war should go to die in war” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1156	15:2	s5vx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Those who are for famine should go to famine	This means that Yahweh has appointed these to die because of famine, and these words speak of dying by famine as if “famine” were a place that people can go to. Alternate translation: “Those whom I have appointed to die by famine should go and die by famine” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1157	15:2	ub7g		should go to captivity	Alternate translation: “should go into captivity”
1158	15:3	xfn3		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh has just told them he will send some of them to death, some to die by the sword, some to die by famine, and some to be captives.
1159	15:3	b44y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the sword	Here the “sword” refers to the enemy soldiers. Alternate translation: “the enemy soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1160	15:4	etb6		I will make of them	Here the word “them” refers to the people of Judah, not to the four groups listed in the previous verse.
1161	15:4	g2xb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	because of what Manasseh & did in Jerusalem	Manasseh was a very wicked king who did many evil things in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “because of the wicked things that Manasseh … did in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1162	15:5	sb18		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh has just told them he will assign them to four groups to kill them—the sword, dogs, birds, and beasts.
1163	15:5	lb4g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	For who will have compassion for you, Jerusalem? Who will grieve for you?	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one should mourn for Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one should have compassion on you, Jerusalem. No one should mourn for your destruction.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1164	15:5	wfj2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for you, Jerusalem	Here “Jerusalem” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “for you people who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1165	15:6	es4m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	You have forsaken me & you have gone back from me	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people have, indeed, forsaken Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1166	15:6	w5w5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1167	15:6	hk2v		gone back from me	Alternate translation: “left me” or “gone away from me”
1168	15:6	ub2d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will strike you with my hand	Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “I will use my power to strike you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1169	15:7	xa8z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	So I will winnow them with a pitchfork at the gates of the land	Here Yahweh speaks of scattering the people and causing them to leave Jersalem as if they were winnowed chaff being blown away on the wind. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1170	15:7	i5zm		pitchfork	a farm tool with a long handle and sharp metal prongs, used especially for lifting and tossing grain in the air for winnowing
1171	15:7	tdb1		I will bereave them	Alternate translation: “I will cause their children to die” or “I will let their enemies kill their children”
1172	15:8	lzr4		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh has just told them no one will care about them and that he will destroy his people since they would not turn from their wicked ways.
1173	15:8	pg9y		widows	women whose husbands have died
1174	15:8	zf6z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	more than the sands of the seashore	“than the grains of sand on the seashore.” This comparison is an exaggeration used to emphasize an uncountable number. Alternate translation: “more than you can count” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1175	15:8	xv7a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Against the mothers of young men I will send the destroyer at noonday	This means that Yahweh will send an enemy army to kill young men, which will cause their mothers great sorrow. Alternate translation: “At noonday I will send an enemy army to destroy young men and cause their mothers to weep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1176	15:8	rv53	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	fall on them	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “happen to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1177	15:9	ab1l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	She will be ashamed and embarrassed	The words “ashamed” and “embarrassed” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of shame. Alternate translation: “She will be completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1178	15:9	ysv5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	will waste away	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will grow faint” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1179	15:9	syp4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Her sun will set while it is still day	This speaks of a woman becoming sorrowful because her children have died, as if her life were a day in which the sun had set early and turned to darkness. Here the darkness represents her sorrow. Alternate translation: “Because of her sorrow, it will be as though the sun has set and her day has turned to darkness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1180	15:9	e2fw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will give those who remain to the sword in the presence of their enemies	Here the “sword” represents the enemy soldiers. This means that Yahweh will allow the enemy solider to kill any of her children that remain. Alternate translation: “I will allow the enemy soldiers to kill those of her children that remain alive” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1181	15:9	yh62	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1182	15:10	tf3x		General Information:	General Information: In these verse, Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh about his suffering, and Yahweh answers him.
1183	15:10	bwu4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Woe to me, my mother	Jeremiah pretends to speak to his mother as a way to emphasize how sad he is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
1184	15:10	z3f7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	a man of controversy and argument	The words “controversy” and “argument” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize how much Jeremiah is arguing. Alternate translation: “a man with whom everyone argues all the time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1185	15:10	pi56	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I have not lent, nor has anyone lent to me	This refers to lending money to people. Often lending money causes people to fight with one another. Alternate translation: “I have not lent money to anyone, nor has anyone lent money to me” or “I have not made anyone angry by lending or borrow money and then quarreling about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1186	15:11	jwd5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will I not rescue you for good?	The implicit answer to this rhetorical question is “yes.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will certainly rescue you for good!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1187	15:11	hg1a		your enemies	Those are the enemies of Jeremiah who disagreed with his prophecies.
1188	15:11	t2nb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	in the time of calamity and distress	Here the words “calamity” and “distress” mean basically the same thing. They emphasize the amount or intensity of the calamity. Alternate translation: “in the time of great calamity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1189	15:12	gp33	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Can one smash iron? Especially iron from the north that is mixed with bronze?	In these questions Yahweh speaks of the strength of Judah’s enemies as if they were iron mixed with bronze. These rhetorical questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can smash iron, especially if it is as strong as the iron from the north that is mixed with bronze.” or “But Judah’s enemies, who are as strong as iron or bronze, will attack Judah from the north, no one will be able to stop them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1190	15:13	m4cc		General Information:	General Information: In these verse, Yahweh speaks to the nation of Israel as if it were one person.
1191	15:13	r9fq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	wealth and treasures	The words “wealth” and “treasures” mean the same thing and refer to anything that people consider to be valuable. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1192	15:13	cy1n		plunder	things that you steal from a city after conquering it
1193	15:13	c2bt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	all your sins committed	This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “all of the sins you have committed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1194	15:13	dzj5		within all your borders	Alternate translation: “throughout your country”
1195	15:14	e1nj		a land that you do not know	Alternate translation: “to a land that is strange to you”
1196	15:14	p77q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you	The wrath of God is spoken of as if it were a destructive fire. Alternate translation: “I will destroy you because I am very angry with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1197	15:14	y1s1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	for a fire will ignite, kindled in my wrath against you	Here Yahweh speaks of his wrath as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “for my wrath is like a fire that I will kindle against you” or “for I will come against you in my wrath, and my wrath will be like a burning fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1198	15:14	ap1i		kindled	to light a fire
1199	15:15	mlt5		General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh.
1200	15:15	lk6p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	You are patient, but do not allow them to take me away	Jeremiah is asking Yahweh not to be patient with the sins of his enemies. The phrase “take me away” refers to him being killed. Alternate translation: “Please do not continue to be patient with them and allow them to kill me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1201	15:16	ds55	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Your words have been found	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have heard your message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1202	15:16	a55i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I consumed them	Jeremiah speaks of listening and understanding Yahweh’s message as if it were food that he ate. Alternate translation: “I understood your message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1203	15:16	f4hq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the delight of my heart	Here the “heart” represents a person emotions and feelings. Alternate translation: “what I love most” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1204	15:16	se2v		I bear your name	Alternate translation: “people know that I serve you”
1205	15:17	xx62	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I did not sit in the circle of	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I did not spend time with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1206	15:17	lst3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	of your powerful hand	Here Yahweh’s “powerful hand” refers to his control and influence over Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “you powerfully influence me” or “you are the one who controls what I do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1207	15:18	xb1d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why is my pain ongoing and my wound incurable, refusing to be healed?	Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his pain. He speaks of his pain as if it were a physical wound. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My pain is ongoing, it is like a wound that will not heal.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1208	15:18	f64w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	refusing to be healed	This speaks of Jeremiah’s wound as if it were a person that refuses to be healed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that will not heal” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1209	15:18	c2kw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will you be like deceitful waters to me, waters that dry up?	Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he feels like he cannot depend on Yahweh. He speaks of this as if Yahweh were a stream that dries up. Alternate translation: “It feels like you are undependable to me, like a stream I go to for a drink only to find it dried up.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1210	15:19	l1n1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	you will be like my mouth	Jeremiah is compared to the mouth of Yahweh because he will be used to speak Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “you will speak for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1211	15:19	ud46	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	you yourself	The pronoun, “yourself”, is used here to emphasis the command was specifically for Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1212	15:20	gf1p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like an impenetrable bronze wall to this people	Yahweh compares Jeremiah to a wall because the people will not be able to defeat him. Alternate translation: “I will make you strong, like a bronze wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1213	15:20	nx8l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they will wage war against you	This speaks of the people fighting with Jeremiah as if he were an army that they waged war against. Alternate translation: “they will fight against you” or “they will oppose you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1214	15:20	z1e8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	save and rescue	The words “save” and “rescue” mean the same thing and emphasize the safety that God promises. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1215	15:21	bet8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	rescue you from & and redeem you from	These phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize the safety that God provides. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1216	15:21	z99x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hand of the wicked & the hand of the tyrant	Here the word “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the control of the wicked … the control of the tyrant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1217	15:21	lwc5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the wicked	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1218	15:21	mm5k		tyrant	a ruler who demands absolute obedience and is not friendly for the people under his rule
1219	16:intro	mts4			Jeremiah 16 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 16:19-21. This poem also continues in chapter 17, and these should be seen as one section. Special concepts in this chapter Coming punishment The punishment that is prophesied in this chapter will happen quickly. The author gives many illustrations which describe how quickly this punishment will come. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Israel restored God will bring his people back from captivity. Even though the punishment of Judah will be great, Yahweh promised a future restoration. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])
1220	16:1	iq2r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1221	16:4	bdx2		They will die diseased deaths	Alternate translation: “They will die from deadly diseases”
1222	16:4	nm5s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	They will not be mourned or buried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one will mourn for them or bury them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1223	16:4	paq4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	They will be like dung on the ground	The sons and daughters born in the land are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 8:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1224	16:4	b995	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	they will come to an end by sword and famine	The phrase “come to an end” is a mild way to say that they will die. The word “sword” represents an army whose soldiers fight with swords. The phrase represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: “they will die in battle or from famine” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1225	16:5	irw5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, ‘Do	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘Do” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘Do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1226	16:5	byl9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	where there is mourning	The word “mourning” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people are mourning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1227	16:5	e7zp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I have taken away my peace from this people & and my steadfast love and mercy	Yahweh speaks of no longer acting towards the people with peace, steadfast love, and mercy as if these were items that he has taken away from them. Alternate translation: “I will no longer act towards them with peace … or with steadfast love and mercy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1228	16:5	fg62	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1229	16:6	ngj4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	Both the great and the small will	This refers to all kinds of people and uses size to refer to how important they are. Alternate translation: “Both the important and the unimportant” or “Many people, regardless of how important they are, will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1230	16:6	k2n5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	They will not be buried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one will bury them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1231	16:6	s8kp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	no one will & cut themselves or shave their heads for them	Cutting oneself and shaving one’s head were symbolic actions that expressed strong grief, especially when a loved one died. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1232	16:7	t3iq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	No one must share any food in mourning to comfort them because of the deaths & none must give a comforting cup to his father or his mother	These two clauses have a similar meaning. God said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. It was customary to take food or wine to people whose relative had died. Yahweh has removed all comfort from the people because of their sin. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1233	16:7	ae18	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	none must give a comforting cup	Here the word “cup” represents the drink that the cup holds. Alternate translation: “none must give a comforting drink” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1234	16:8	rzm9		a banquet house	Alternate translation: “a house where people are feasting”
1235	16:9	z6t7		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1236	16:9	hq3r		See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1237	16:9	fxi9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	before your eyes	Here the word “your” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. The idiom means that Yahweh will do this where they can see. Alternate translation: “in front of you” or “where you can see” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1238	16:9	b3s5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in your days	This idiom means during their lifetime. Alternate translation: “during your lifetime” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1239	16:9	lki1		the sound of joy and the sound of gladness, the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:34.
1240	16:11	fq83	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	worshiped and bowed down to them	The words “bowed down to” mean basically the same thing as “worshiped” and describe the posture that people used in worship. God said essentially the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1241	16:12	cu97		ancestors, for see, each person	Alternate translation: “ancestors. Look at these people and you will see that each person”
1242	16:12	c169	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	walking by the stubbornness of his wicked heart	Yahweh speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path. Here the word “heart” represents the mind or will. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 11:8. Alternate translation: “stubbornly doing the wicked things that he wants to do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1243	16:12	qh3g		who listens to me	Alternate translation: “who does what I tell him to do”
1244	16:13	y41b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	throw you from this land	Yahweh speaks of forcefully removing the people from the land as if he were throwing them from the land. Alternate translation: “force you to leave this land and go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1245	16:13	e16l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	by day and night	The mention of both “day” and “night” means all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1246	16:14	em2d		behold	The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1247	16:14	l615	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	when it will no longer be said	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when people will no longer say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1248	16:14	xr81	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	As Yahweh lives	“As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 4:2. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1249	16:16	mt7v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will send for many fishermen & so they will fish the people out	Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were fishermen who are catching fish. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1250	16:16	mx2n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1251	16:16	y22w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will send for many hunters so they will hunt for them among	Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were hunters who are hunting animals. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1252	16:17	l1xj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my eye is on all their ways	Here the word “eye” represents Yahweh who sees all that they do. Alternate translation: “I am watching everything they do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1253	16:17	c7ju	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	they cannot be hidden from before me	Here the word “they” may refer either to the people or to their actions. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they cannot hide from me” or “they cannot hide their ways from me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1254	16:17	f9r8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Their iniquity cannot be concealed from before my eyes	Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh who sees. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They cannot conceal their iniquity from me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1255	16:18	tpe4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	for their polluting of my land	Yahweh speaks of causing the land to be unacceptable to him as if the people had polluted the land. The words “their polluting” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because they have polluted my land” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1256	16:18	sq29	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	for their filling my inheritance with their disgusting idols	The idiom “to fill” means that they have placed many idols in the land. The words “their filling” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because they have filled my inheritance with their disgusting idols” or “because their disgusting idols are everywhere in my inheritance” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1257	16:18	wkp2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my inheritance	Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were his inheritance that he has claimed as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “the land that is my inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1258	16:19	rt34		Yahweh, you are my stronghold	Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh.
1259	16:19	y75t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my stronghold and my refuge, my place of safety	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. He repeats the same idea three times. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1260	16:19	x7cn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The nations will go to you	Here the word “nations” represents the people from the nations. Alternate translation: “The people from the nations will go to you” or “The people of the nations will come to you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
1261	16:19	nk1x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the ends of the earth	This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. Alternate translation: “the farthest places on the earth” or “everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1262	16:19	c5xl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	our ancestors inherited deceit	Here the word “deceit” refers to false gods. Alternate translation: “our ancestors inherited nothing but false gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1263	16:19	jrc3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	They are empty; there is no profit in them	Here the words “They” and “them” refer to the false gods that the ancestors taught them to believe in. The two phrases mean basically the same thing, with the second explaining how they “are empty.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1264	16:20	y3fg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do people make gods for themselves? But they are not gods	The people ask this rhetorical question to emphasize that people cannot make gods for themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “People cannot make gods for themselves. The things that they make are not gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1265	16:21	gwn6		Therefore see	“Therefore, indeed.” Here Yahweh begins speaking. The word “see” adds emphasis to what follows.
1266	16:21	fz8r		I will cause them to know	Here the word “them” refers to the people from the nations. Yahweh repeats this phrase for emphasis.
1267	16:21	cs55	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my hand and my power	Here the word “hand” refers to power and authority. The two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize Yahweh’s great power. Alternate translation: “my great power” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1268	16:21	hl7n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	they will know that Yahweh is my name	Here the word “name” refers to Yahweh’s entire person. Alternate translation: “they will know that I am Yahweh, the true God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1269	17:intro	l48r			Jeremiah 17 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 17:1-18. This poem is a continuation of 16:19-21, and these should be seen as one section. Special concepts in this chapter Trusting God or humans Trust is an important part of this chapter. Those who trust in human wisdom will not prosper. Those who trust in God will have all of their needs met. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Simile The person who depends on the power of other people is compared to a bush in the desert which always has to struggle for life. But the person who trusts in God is like a tree growing by a stream and has all his needs supplied. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1270	17:1	f2as	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1271	17:1	qcz2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The sin of Judah is written & on the horns of your altars	Yahweh speaks of Judah’s sins being so great that they cannot stop committing them as if someone had engraved their sin permanently. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1272	17:1	ntb1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The sin of Judah is written	Here the word “Judah” represents the people of Judah. This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone has written the sin of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1273	17:1	r9u2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	It is engraved	This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone has engraved it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1274	17:1	t19m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	engraved on the tablet of their hearts	The sinful habits of the people are spoken of as if their sins had been engraved on their own hearts. The word “hearts” refers to the whole person: their thoughts, emotions, and actions. Alternate translation: “engraved in their very beings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1275	17:1	gc1k		on the horns of your altars	The word “horns” refers to the projections on the corners of the altars.
1276	17:3	ve7m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	your wealth and all your treasures	The words “wealth” and “treasures” mean the same thing and refer to anything that they consider valuable. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1277	17:3	gfz3		plunder	This refers to things that people steal or take by force.
1278	17:4	mei2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You will lose the inheritance that I gave to you	Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were an inheritance that he had given to the people of Judah as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “You will lose the land that I have given to you as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1279	17:4	w768	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you have ignited a fire in my wrath, which will burn forever	Yahweh speaks of the fierceness of his anger as if his anger were a fire that burns those with whom he is angry. Alternate translation: “you have made me so angry that my anger will be like a fire that will burn forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1280	17:5	zp54	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The person who trusts in mankind is accursed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will curse any person who trusts in mankind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1281	17:5	sd5y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he makes flesh his strength	Here the word “flesh” represents humans. Alternate translation: “he depends on mere humans for strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1282	17:5	f1ec	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	turns his heart away from Yahweh	Here the word “heart” refers to the thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “turns his devotion away from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1283	17:6	wqm5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like a small bush	The person who trusts in man instead of Yahweh will be like a plant that struggles to survive in an infertile land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1284	17:6	d8k3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	the wilderness, barren land without inhabitants	The phrase “barren land without inhabitants” describes and means basically the same thing as “wilderness.” Alternate translation: “the barren wilderness where no person lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1285	17:8	rs4s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	he will be like a tree planted by water	The person who trusts in Yahweh will always prosper, just like a tree does when it is planted by a river. It is not affected when there is no rain. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will be like a tree that someone has planted by water” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1286	17:8	pf89	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	It will not fear the heat when it comes & It is not anxious in a year of drought	Yahweh speaks of a tree that draws its water from a stream being unaffected by heat and drought as if the tree were unafraid of these things. Alternate translation: “The heat will not affect it when it comes … No harm is caused to it in a year of drought” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1287	17:9	q56q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The heart is more deceitful	Here the word “heart” refers to the minds and thoughts of people. Alternate translation: “The human mind is more deceitful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1288	17:9	h5pr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	who can understand it?	The speaker uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can understand the human heart. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one can understand it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1289	17:10	per1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	who tests the hearts	Here the word “hearts” represents the emotions. Alternate translation: “who tests the emotions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1290	17:10	zu1h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	according to his ways	Here a person’s behavior is spoken of as if it were the paths along which he walks. Alternate translation: “according to how he lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1291	17:10	hlu7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the fruit of his deeds	Here the results of a person’s actions are spoken of as if they were fruit. Alternate translation: “what he has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1292	17:11	r1bc		A partridge hatches an egg & become rich unjustly	This analogy of a bird that hatches another bird’s eggs is meant to illustrate a rich man who makes his money by robbing others.
1293	17:11	j8my	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	when half his days are over	Here the word “days” stands for someone’s entire life. Alternate translation: “when he has lived only half of his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1294	17:11	t4k5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	those riches will abandon him	The riches are spoken of as if they were servants who would abandon their owner. Alternate translation: “he will lose his wealth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1295	17:11	wwb2		in the end	Alternate translation: “at the end of his life”
1296	17:12	c58h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The place of our temple is a glorious throne	Jeremiah speaks of the temple being a “glorious throne” because it is there that Yahweh dwells and rules. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1297	17:12	mmb5		The place of our temple	This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem.
1298	17:13	j27x		All who abandon you	Here the word “you” refers to Yahweh.
1299	17:13	tkv3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	those in the land who turn away from you will be written in the earth	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will write in the dust those in the land who turn away from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1300	17:13	e5ej	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will be written in the earth	This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people dying and being forgotten as if someone writes their names in the dust, and those names quickly disappear. Alternate translation: “will disappear like names that someone writes in the dust” or (2) the word “earth” is a metonym for the place of the dead. The phrase is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people going to the place of the dead as if someone enrolled their names in the records of those who have died. Alternate translation: “will join those in the place of the dead” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1301	17:13	vf2c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh, the fountain of living waters	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh being the source of life as if he were a fountain of living waters. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who is like a fountain of living waters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1302	17:13	pj3q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the fountain of living waters	Jeremiah speaks of fresh, running water as if it were living water. Alternate translation: “the fountain of fresh, running water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1303	17:14	emc7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	I will be healed & I will be rescued	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you really will have healed me … you really will have rescued me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1304	17:14	t5hz		For you are my song of praise	This could mean: (1) “For you are the one whom I praise” or (2) “For you are the reason I sing praise.”
1305	17:15	c8ap		See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
1306	17:15	kn8p		they are saying to me	Here the word “me” refers to Jeremiah and the word “they” to his enemies.
1307	17:15	qef1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Where is the word of Yahweh?	The people use this question to ridicule Jeremiah because the things that he said had not yet happened. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Where are the things that Yahweh told you would happen?” or “The things that Yahweh told you would happen have not happened.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1308	17:15	s66x		Let it come	Alternate translation: “Let what Yahweh has said happen”
1309	17:16	dye9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I did not run from being a shepherd following you	Jeremiah speaks of leading and caring for the people as if he were a shepherd caring for sheep. He speaks of his abandoning that work as if he were running away from it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1310	17:16	vlg8		I did not long for	Alternate translation: “I did not desire”
1311	17:16	m8x1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the proclamations that came from my lips	Here the word “lips” represents Jeremiah who spoke. The word “proclamations” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the proclamations that I spoke” or “the things that I proclaimed” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1312	17:16	hkb7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	They were made	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I made them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1313	17:17	q4lu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You are my refuge	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1314	17:17	ls2i		on the day of calamity	Alternate translation: “in times of calamity”
1315	17:18	p168	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	May my pursuers be ashamed, but do not let me be ashamed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Bring shame on my pursuers, but do not bring shame on me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1316	17:18	us8n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	May they be dismayed, but do not let me be dismayed	This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous one and adds emphasis to Jeremiah’s prayer. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Make them very afraid, but do not make me afraid” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1317	17:18	xrc7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	shatter them with a double share of destruction	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh destroying his enemies as if they were objects that Yahweh would shatter. The idiom “a double share” means to give twice as much. Alternate translation: “shatter them with complete destruction” or “destroy them twice as much” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1318	17:19	ab1v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	then in all the other gates of Jerusalem	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “then go and stand in all the other gates of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1319	17:21	jye6		for the sake of your lives	Alternate translation: “to protect your lives”
1320	17:23	cu16	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	They did not listen or pay attention	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people refused to listen. Alternate translation: “They refused to listen” or “They refused to obey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1321	17:23	ksk9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	stiffened their neck	Jeremiah speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff and unmovable. Alternate translation: “became stubborn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1322	17:25	i3jj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	those who sit on David’s throne	Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as “David’s throne.” See how you translated this in Jeremiah 13:13. Alternate translation: “those who sit on Judah’s throne” or “the kings of the nation of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1323	17:25	r4s3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	this city will be inhabited forever	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will inhabit this city forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1324	17:27	xjp9		I will light a fire in its gates	Alternate translation: “I will set the gates of Jerusalem on fire”
1325	17:27	r5tg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	it cannot be put out	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people cannot put it out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1326	18:intro	z3ii			Jeremiah 18 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 18:13-17, 19-23. Special concepts in this chapter Attacking Jeremiah Things were so bad in Judah, they even attacked Jeremiah. To attack Yahweh’s prophet was to attack Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Simile Like a potter can change what he is making from one type of pot to another, God can change his plans and not punish people if they repent. The image of God as a potter and mankind as clay is an important one in Scripture. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1327	18:1	ad7f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 7:1. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Arise” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah: ‘Arise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1328	18:2	ww5x		the potter’s house	“the workshop of the potter.” A potter is someone who makes pots from clay.
1329	18:3	z9ps		behold!	The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this.
1330	18:3	x9yr		on the potter’s wheel	The potter’s wheel is a small table that spins. A potter uses it to make pots.
1331	18:4	j5pm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the pot he was making from the clay was spoiled in the potter’s hand	The word “spoiled” means that something about the pot made the potter unhappy. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the pot that the potter was making with his hands was not good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1332	18:4	ffd2		was making	Alternate translation: “was forming” or “was shaping”
1333	18:4	qs6u		he returned the clay and formed it into another pot	He stopped making the pot, crushed the clay back into a lump, and then used that lump of clay to make another pot.
1334	18:4	kd4f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	that was pleasing in his eyes	Here the word “eyes” represents sight and sight represents one’s opinion. Alternate translation: “that he thought was good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1335	18:5	gj6x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1336	18:6	y4ia	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Should I not be able to act like this potter with you, house of Israel?	With this question, Yahweh emphasizes his authority to do as he pleases with Israel. Alternate translation: “I am allowed to act toward you, house of Israel, like the potter acts toward the clay.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1337	18:6	j2v5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “kingdom of Israel” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1338	18:6	elt6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1339	18:6	zg76		Behold	Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
1340	18:6	uzq5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Like clay in a potter’s hand—that is how you are in my hand	Yahweh compares his being able to remake Israel as he see fit to the way that the potter is able to remake a lump of clay as he sees fit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1341	18:7	jk3p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	tear it down, or destroy it	These two expressions basically mean the same thing. In the first expression, Yahweh speaks of destroying a kingdom as if the kingdom were a plant or a building that he tears down. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1342	18:8	lnu4		relent from	Alternate translation: “withhold” or “not bring”
1343	18:9	n3us	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	build it up or plant it	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of strengthening kingdoms as if they were buildings that he would build, and as if they were plants that he would plant. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1344	18:10	q9ah	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	if it does evil in my eyes	Here the word “it” refers to a nation or kingdom, which is a metonym for the people in that nation or kingdom. The word “eyes” represents seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “if the people of that nation do things that I consider to be evil” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1345	18:10	u2ti	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	not listening to my voice	Here the word “voice” represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Here, “not listening” is an idiom that means that they do not obey. Alternate translation: “not obeying what I say” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1346	18:11	h8xz		See	This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1347	18:11	tj92	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I am about to form disaster against you. I am about to devise a plan against you	Yahweh speaks of planning disaster as if disaster were an object that he forms, like the potter would form clay. The second sentence repeats the same idea as the first using different words. Alternate translation: “I am about to devise a plan to bring disaster against you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1348	18:11	v6ut		devise a plan	Alternate translation: “make a plan”
1349	18:11	me21	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	his wicked way	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1350	18:11	w5eq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	so your ways and your practices will bring good to you	The words “ways” and “practices” both refer to a person’s actions and general lifestyle. Alternate translation: “so your actions will result in good happening to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1351	18:12	fq15		But they will say	The word “they” refers to the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem.
1352	18:12	nmb4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is no use	Here, this idiom could mean: (1) the people do not care about what Jeremiah will say to them. Alternate translation: “We do not care what you say” or (2) The people do not think that anything good will come of what Jeremiah tells them to do. Alternate translation: “What you are saying will not work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1353	18:12	yc7y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	what his evil, stubborn heart desires	Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind or will. Alternate translation: “what his evil, stubborn mind desires” or “whatever evil things that we stubbornly want to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1354	18:13	w781	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Ask the nations, who has ever heard of such a thing as this?	Here the word “nations” represents the people in the nations. Yahweh asks this question to scold the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Ask the nations if any of them have ever heard of such a thing as this.” or “Nowhere on earth has anyone ever heard of such a thing like this.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1355	18:13	vta7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The virgin Israel has committed a horrible act	It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. Yahweh speaks of Israel being pure and faithful towards him as if she were a virgin and of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she had “committed a horrible act.” Alternate translation: “Israel, who is like a virgin, has done something horrible” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1356	18:14	bbi9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Does the snow in Lebanon ever leave the rocky hills on its sides?	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the snow on the mountains never melts. Alternate translation: “The snow in Lebanon never leaves the rocky hills on its sides.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1357	18:14	pn6p		the rocky hills on its sides	Alternate translation: “the sides of the rocky hills”
1358	18:14	utv2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Are the mountain streams coming from far away ever destroyed, those cold streams?	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the mountain streams never cease to flow. He speaks of the streams drying up as if they were destroyed. Alternate translation: “Those cold mountain streams that come from far away never cease to flow.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1359	18:15	k5st	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	been made to stumble in their paths	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks, and of living unfaithfully to him as if the person stumbled along the path. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this caused them to stumble in their paths” or “it is like they stumbled while walking on a path” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1360	18:15	x24p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they have left the ancient paths to walk lesser paths	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks. Here, “the ancient paths” represents the way that Yahweh had told their ancestors to live and “lesser paths” represents living unfaithfully to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1361	18:16	qh44	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	will become a horror	The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “will become something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1362	18:16	g6ye		an object of everlasting hissing	The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people will always hiss”
1363	18:16	mx2e		passes by her	Here the word “her” refers to “Their land.”
1364	18:17	n6hk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind	Yahweh speaks of causing the people to flee before their enemies as if he were an eastern wind that scatters dust and debris. Alternate translation: “I will be like an eastern wind and scatter them before their enemies” or “I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind scatters dust and debris” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1365	18:17	n2xm		will scatter them	Here the word “them” refers to “my people.”
1366	18:17	mn5a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	I will show them my back, and not my face	“I will turn my back toward them, and not my face.” Turning one’s back towards someone is a symbolic action that represents rejection and turning one’s face towards someone is a symbolic action that represents favor. Alternate translation: “I will reject them and not act favorably towards them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1367	18:18	vh9w		let us make plots against Jeremiah	Alternate translation: “let us make plans to harm Jeremiah”
1368	18:18	cf4s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	the law will never perish from the priests, or advice from the wise men, or words from the prophets	The words “will never perish” can be supplied to each of these phrases. This can also be expressed in positive terms. Alternate translation: “the law will never perish from the priests, and advice will never perish from the wise men, and words will never perish from the prophets” or “the priests will always have the law, the wise men will always give advice, and the prophets will always speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1369	18:18	f353	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	words from the prophets	Here “words” represents messages that the prophets speak from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “words of Yahweh from the prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1370	18:18	ay55	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	attack him with our words	The people speak of speaking harmful words against Jeremiah as if their words were weapons with which they attack him. Alternate translation: “say things that will harm him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1371	18:19	u46b		Pay attention to me	Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh.
1372	18:20	p988	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will disaster from them really be my reward for being good to them?	Jeremiah asks this question to emphasize that good actions should not be repaid with bad things. Alternate translation: “Disaster from them should not be my reward for being good to them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1373	18:20	t4h5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they have dug a pit for me	Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit in which to trap him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1374	18:20	p3xy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to cause your fury to turn away from them	Here the word “fury” represents the punishment that Yahweh intended to inflict upon them. Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh not punishing them as if he were turning his fury away from them. Alternate translation: “so that you would not punish them in your anger” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1375	18:21	xrk4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	give their children over to famine	The idiom “give over” means to place a person in the power of another person. Jeremiah speaks of “famine” as if it were a person who could have power over others. Alternate translation: “cause their children to die from famine” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1376	18:21	x3mp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	give them to the hands of those who use the sword	Here the word “hands” represents power. Alternate translation: “cause those who use the sword to have power over them” or “cause them to die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1377	18:21	c2vn		let their women become bereaved and widows	“let the children and husbands of their women die.” The word “bereaved” refers to a woman whose children have all died.
1378	18:21	yp4k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	their men be killed	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let people kill their men” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1379	18:21	gz9s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	their young men killed by the sword in battle	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let people kill their young men with swords in battle” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1380	18:22	nj6w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Let a distressed shout be heard	The phrase “a distressed shout” can be translated with a verbal phrase. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Let people hear a distressed shout” or “Let people hear others shout in distress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1381	18:22	zdc2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	For they have dug a pit to capture me and have hidden traps for my feet	These two phrases share similar meanings. Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit for him to fall into and set traps in which to capture him. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1382	18:22	l4rh		they have dug a pit	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 18:20.
1383	18:22	pxk9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	have hidden traps for my feet	Here the word “feet” represents Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “have hidden traps for me” or “have hidden traps for me to step on” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1384	18:23	yh1m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Do not wipe their sins away from you	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh forgiving his enemies’ sins as if someone had written their sins down and Yahweh would erase them. This phrase means the same thing as the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “Do not pardon their sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1385	18:23	fin3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	let them be overthrown before you	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let people overthrow them in your presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1386	18:23	jrr6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	in the time of your wrath	The word “wrath” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “when you are still angry with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1387	19:intro	e68t			Jeremiah 19 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter People horrified The destruction of Jerusalem will be so complete that it will leave dead bodies everywhere and horrify people who see it.
1388	19:2	r77q		Valley of Ben Hinnom	This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:31.
1389	19:3	lse3		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1390	19:3	tn4j		See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1391	19:3	wu9y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the ears of everyone who hears of it will tingle	Here “ears … will tingle” is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. Alternate translation: “it will shock everyone who hears of it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1392	19:3	w8jh		will tingle	This could mean: (1) “will ring” or (2) “will quiver.”
1393	19:4	i11f		they have abandoned me	Here the word “they” refers to the people of Judah.
1394	19:4	h6hz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	filled this place with innocent blood	Here “innocent blood” represents the murder of innocent people. Yahweh speaks of murdering many people as filling a place with blood. Alternate translation: “murdered many innocent people in this place” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1395	19:5	hi1p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	nor did it enter my mind	Here the word “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:31. Alternate translation: “nor did I ever think about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1396	19:6	h15q		see	Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1397	19:6	r6da	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	this place will no longer be called	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will no longer call this place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1398	19:6	n996		Topheth & the Valley of Ben Hinnom & the Valley of Slaughter	See how you translated the names of these places in Jeremiah 7:31.
1399	19:7	mk3z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I will make them to fall by the sword before their enemies	The idiom “to fall by the sword” means to die in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will enable their enemies to kill them with swords” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1400	19:7	l3wj		I will make them	The word “them” refers to the people of Judah and Jerusalem.
1401	19:7	hl7t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	by the hand of the ones seeking their lives	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The idiom “fall … by the hand of” means to be killed by someone, with the word “hand” representing the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will enable those who want to kill them to kill them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1402	19:8	qfw1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the object of hissing	The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people hiss” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1403	19:9	x4ye		I will make them eat	Alternate translation: “I will make the people who live in Jerusalem eat”
1404	19:9	gu5g		in the siege	Alternate translation: “because of the siege”
1405	19:9	jy23	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	and in the anguish brought on them by their enemies and the ones seeking their lives	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because their enemies and those who are seeking their lives have brought anguish upon them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1406	19:10	ck5z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	in the sight of the men who went with you	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word sight, you can express the same idea with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the men who went with you are watching” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1407	19:11	vi9r		Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1408	19:11	uis2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	it could not be repaired again	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one can repair it again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1409	19:13	l6aa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	of the kings of Judah	The words “the houses” may be supplied here. Alternate translation: “the houses of the kings of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1410	19:13	u9v5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the unclean people	People who are not acceptable for God’s purposes are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1411	19:15	ut7s		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1412	19:15	d4pr		See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1413	19:15	rv5y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	stiffened their neck and refused to listen	These two phrases both speak of the people being stubborn. In the first phrase, Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff. Alternate translation: “stubbornly refused to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1414	20:intro	apn5			Jeremiah 20 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 20:7-18. Special concepts in this chapter Pashhur This chapter prophesied punishment against a specific leader named Pashhur. He was in charge of protecting the temple and had Jeremiah beaten and arrested. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) Jeremiah’s reaction Jeremiah’s reaction contrasts with the reaction of the Jews in general. Although Jeremiah was not happy with Yahweh’s actions, he still trusted in Yahweh. On the other hand, the Jews were not happy with the prophecies Yahweh gave to Jeremiah, so they beat the prophet. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
1415	20:1	l4ka	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1416	20:1	xjd1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Pashhur & Immer	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1417	20:2	h7fz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Pashhur beat Jeremiah	This could mean: (1) that Pashhur himself beat Jeremiah or (2) that Pashhur ordered other men to beat Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1418	20:2	rg2f		stocks	Stocks are a wooden frame with holes in it that people use to lock up a prisoner’s hands, feet, and head.
1419	20:2	yc2r		Upper Gate of Benjamin	This gate is different from the gate in the city wall that shared the same name.
1420	20:3	wf2c		It happened	This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1421	20:3	pwz5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	you are Magor Missabib	This name means “terror on every side” or “surrounded by terror.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1422	20:4	a8gs		Look,	This word adds emphasis to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
1423	20:4	ebi2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	they will fall by the sword of their enemies	The idiom “fall by the sword” means that they will die in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “their enemies will kill them with swords” or “their enemies will kill them in battle” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1424	20:4	xmk6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	your eyes will see it	Here the word “eyes” represents Pashhur. Alternate translation: “you will see it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1425	20:4	n4ua	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will give all of Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon	Here the word “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “I will enable the king of Babylon to conquer all of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1426	20:5	hbk2		I will give him	Here the word “him” refers to the king of Babylon.
1427	20:5	kd4g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	all the wealth & all of its riches, all of its precious items and all the treasures	Yahweh repeats the same basic idea four times for emphasis. Babylon will take away all the wealth of Israel, including the king’s possessions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1428	20:5	j1gs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will place these things in the hand of your enemies	Placing things in people’s hands represents giving thing to the people or allowing the people to take the things. Alternate translation: “I will give these things to your enemies” or “I will allow your enemies to take possession of these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1429	20:6	i5vn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	You and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things will be buried there	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There, people will bury you and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1430	20:7	sx22		General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh.
1431	20:7	xwv7		Yahweh, you deceived me, and I was deceived	Some modern versions interpret these Hebrew expressions as “Yahweh, you persuaded me, and I was indeed persuaded.”
1432	20:7	np4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	I was deceived	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you deceived me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1433	20:7	r6kv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	I have become a laughingstock all day long; everyone mocks me	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the way others mock him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1434	20:7	r3gc		laughingstock	This is a person whom others laugh at and make fun of.
1435	20:8	dqv6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	called out and proclaimed	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he proclaimed Yahweh’s message boldly. Alternate translation: “openly proclaimed” or “proclaimed loudly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1436	20:8	bd79	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh’s word has become for me reproach and mocking every day	Here “word” refers to the message of Yahweh. The words “reproach” and “mocking” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people reproach and mock me every day because I proclaim Yahweh’s message” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1437	20:8	t4n7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	for me reproach and mocking	The words “reproach” and “mocking” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people have ridiculed Jeremiah for proclaiming Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “a reason for people to ridicule me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1438	20:9	bs6s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will not speak any longer in his name	This could mean: (1) “I will never mention Yahweh or say anything about him” or (2) the word “name” represents authority. Alternate translation: “I will no longer speak as his messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1439	20:9	a3zh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	it is like a fire in my heart, held within my bones	Here the words “heart” and “bones” represent Jeremiah’s innermost being. Jeremiah speaks of being unable to not speak Yahweh’s message as if Yahweh’s message were a fire that burns within him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s word is like a fire that burns deep within me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1440	20:10	tf3t		Report! We must report it	Jeremiah’s enemies say these words.
1441	20:10	x8mp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	watch to see if I will fall	Jeremiah speaks of his enemies waiting for him to do something wrong for which they might accuse him as if they were watching for him to fall down. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1442	20:10	zz5y		Perhaps he can be tricked & take our revenge on him	Jeremiah’s enemies say these words.
1443	20:10	i3zl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Perhaps he can be tricked	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Perhaps we can trick him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1444	20:11	zzb4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Yahweh is with me like a powerful warrior	Jeremiah compares Yahweh helping him and defending him against his enemies to a powerful warrior. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1445	20:11	yi4y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	so the ones pursuing me will stagger	Jeremiah speaks of his enemies trying to harm him as if they were chasing after him and of their failing to harm him as if they were to stagger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1446	20:11	a96t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	They will be greatly ashamed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bring great shame upon them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1447	20:11	uvt7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	it will never be forgotten	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will never forget it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1448	20:12	m8yj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	see the mind and the heart	The word “mind” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides, and the word “heart” is a metonym for what a person feels and desires. Alternate translation: “know every person’s thoughts and feelings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1449	20:13	g8hc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	those who are oppressed from the hand of evildoers	Here the word “hand” represents power. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those whom evildoers oppress with their power” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1450	20:14	rdr5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Let the day when I was born be cursed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Curse the day I was born” or “Let people curse the day when I was born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1451	20:14	n6m1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Do not let the day that my mother bore me be blessed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not bless the day that my mother bore me” or “Do not let people bless the day that my mother bore me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1452	20:15	se5g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Let the man who informed my father be cursed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Curse the man who informed my father” or “Let people curse the man who informed my father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1453	20:16	r8ir		that man	This refers to the man who informed Jeremiah’s father of Jeremiah’s birth.
1454	20:16	p6vf		the cities that Yahweh overthrew	This refers to Sodom and Gomorrah.
1455	20:16	l3tc		he did not have compassion	Here the word “he” refers to Yahweh.
1456	20:16	ucg7		Let him hear a cry for help	Here the word “him” refers to “that man.”
1457	20:17	j5v9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	making my mother to be my tomb	Jeremiah speaks of his dying while his mother was still pregnant with him as if his mother’s womb were his tomb. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1458	20:17	z5dt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a womb that was pregnant forever	Jeremiah speaks of his pregnant mother never giving birth to the baby in her womb as if she had been pregnant forever. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1459	20:18	zc9e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why is it that I came out from the womb to see troubles and agony & shame?	Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to complain that there was no good reason for him to be born. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There was no reason for me to be born only to see troubles and agony … shame.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1460	20:18	szf6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	to see troubles and agony	The words “troubles” and “agony” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the amount and severity of suffering. Alternate translation: “to experience so much suffering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1461	20:18	fz2s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my days are filled with shame	Here the word “days” represents all the days of Jeremiah’s life. Alternate translation: “my life is filled with shame” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1462	21:intro	d7pt			Jeremiah 21 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 21:12-14. Special concepts in this chapter Jerusalem doomed God will fight against Jerusalem and will use the nation of Babylon to fight his battle. If the Jews wanted to live, they needed to surrender to Babylon. Most of the Jews would have rather died than to surrender to Babylon. Usually, fighting against a Gentile nation was a sign of trust in Yahweh’s power. In this instance, it was a sign of trust in Yahweh to surrender. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
1463	21:1	tf6j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:1, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1464	21:1	ur9x		Pashhur	This is not the same Pashhur that was mentioned in Jeremiah 20:1.
1465	21:1	ad5j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Pashhur & Malkijah & Maaseiah	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1466	21:1	zpe3		and they said	Alternate translation: “Pashhur and Zephaniah said to Jeremiah”
1467	21:2	q4d4		Seek advice from Yahweh on our behalf & making war on us	This was a polite, but urgent request. Alternate translation: “Please speak to Yahweh for us … attacking us”
1468	21:2	z5nz		as in times past	Alternate translation: “as he did in the past”
1469	21:2	s62n		will make him withdraw from us	Alternate translation: “will make him go away”
1470	21:4	leg9		See	This tells the hearer to pay special attention to what follows.
1471	21:4	ax9r		turn back	This could mean: (1) to make useless or (2) to send back into the city.
1472	21:4	rb48	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the instruments of war that are in your hand	This could mean: (1) the instruments of war refers to the soldiers who carry them and “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the soldiers that you command” or (2) the instruments of war are literal weapons and “your hand” represent both the king and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “the weapons that you and your soldiers carry” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1473	21:4	a79u		Chaldeans	This term here is another name for the Babylonians.
1474	21:4	xk9a		closing you in	Alternate translation: “coming close to you”
1475	21:4	cju6		I will gather them	This could mean: (1) Yahweh will allow the Babylonians to enter the city or (2) Yahweh will cause the Israelites to bring their weapons back into the center of the city.
1476	21:5	hc2w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	Then I myself	This is emphatic and stresses that Yahweh is the one who will do this. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1477	21:5	jrm2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	with a raised hand and a strong arm	Both of these phrases are idiomatic expressions that refer to great power. Alternate translation: “with very great power” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1478	21:5	f3ic	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	with wrath, fury, and great anger	These words all mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the great intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “with extremely great anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1479	21:6	c5rg		inhabitants of this city	Alternate translation: “those who live in Jerusalem”
1480	21:7	k4qv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the sword	Here this refers to the battle in which swords are used. Alternate translation: “the war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1481	21:7	ziv3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	into the hand	Here “hand” refers to the power of their enemies over them. Alternate translation: “into the power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1482	21:7	vgu8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon & their enemies & those seeking their life	All of these phrases refer to Nebuchadnezzar and his army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1483	21:7	z1zk		seeking their life	Alternate translation: “wanting to kill them”
1484	21:7	equ4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	with the edge of the sword	This could mean: (1) this is a metonym for death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle” or (2) they will be killed by literal swords. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1485	21:7	j95p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	He will not pity them, spare them, or have compassion	These three phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that Nebuchadnezzar will deal severely with them. Alternate translation: “He will not show them any mercy or compassion at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1486	21:8	uz34		this people	Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem”
1487	21:8	k2vf		I am about to place before you the way of life and the way of death	Yahweh is offering the people of Jerusalem a choice that will determine whether they live or die.
1488	21:9	uw2k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	by the sword, famine, and plague	Death by the sword refers to death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle and by famine and plague” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1489	21:9	fn95	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	falling on his knees before	This symbolic act represents surrender. Alternate translation: “surrendering to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1490	21:9	g472		closed in against you	Alternate translation: “attacked you from all sides”
1491	21:9	as7l		He will escape with his life	The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape with his life, even though he will lose all his possessions.
1492	21:10	s4dv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I have set my face against this city	This idiom means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1493	21:10	e61c		have set my face against	Alternate translation: “am staring angrily at”
1494	21:10	wwu1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1495	21:10	jk2w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	It has been given	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have given it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1496	21:10	sef1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	into the hand of the king	Here “hand” represents the power of the king to destroy the city. Alternate translation: “into the power of the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1497	21:11	u3ev		Concerning the house of the king of Judah, listen to the word of Yahweh	This may serve as a title for 21:12 - 23:8. Alternate translation: “Listen to what Yahweh says about the king of Judah, his family, and his servants”
1498	21:11	l7p3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of the king of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to king and his family. Alternate translation: “the king of Judah and his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1499	21:12	nl9b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	House of David	This refers to the same people as “the house of the king of Judah.” All of the kings of Judah were descendants of David. Alternate translation: “Descendants of David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1500	21:12	s22h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Bring about justice in the morning	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word justice, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Always treat the people whom you rule over fairly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1501	21:12	l5bg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hand of the oppressor	Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the power of the one who oppresses them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1502	21:12	bpj8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my fury will go out like fire and burn	Here Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if it was a fire that would burn up those who did evil. Alternate translation: “I will punish and destroy you in my anger quickly and completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1503	21:12	ph8p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	there is no one who can quench it	Jeremiah continues the simile of Yahweh’s punishment as a fire that was so hot that no one could put it out with water. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1504	21:13	a8zt		See	This alerts whoever is hearing to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
1505	21:13	qie5		inhabitant of the valley	This could mean: (1) this may refer to Jerusalem, which was located above a valley, because “inhabitant” is singular and feminine, as is Jerusalem or (2) this is directed to another city or group of people. Most versions leave the original form rather than specifying the city.
1506	21:13	h96i		I am against	Alternate translation: “I oppose” or “I am going to punish”
1507	21:13	dxt4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who will come down to attack us? & Who will enter our houses?	These questions are used to state their confidence that they can resist attack. Alternate translation: “No one will attack us! … No one will enter our houses!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1508	21:14	uf3g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I have assigned the fruit of your practices to come against you	The result of their evil deeds is spoken of as fruit which grew from those practices. Alternate translation: “I will punish you as you deserve because of the things you have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1509	21:14	nf8v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in the thickets	This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor for the columns of wood that supported the palace or (2) these are literal patches of brush. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1510	22:intro	in1u			Jeremiah 22 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 22:6-10, 13-28, 28-30. Special concepts in this chapter Luxury and oppression Because the king lived in luxury and oppressed the poor, God was sending him and his mother into captivity unless he repented. The king lacked justice. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
1511	22:1	z5bz		the house of the king of Judah	“the palace of the king of Judah.” The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived.
1512	22:1	qfg5		proclaim this word	Alternate translation: “proclaim this message”
1513	22:2	qj9k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	your people who come through these gates	These gates are the gates of the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “your people who come to visit the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1514	22:3	qb4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Perform justice and righteousness	The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “Act fairly and justly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1515	22:3	m8e5		anyone who has been robbed—rescue him from the hand of the oppressor	Alternate translation: “rescue anyone who has been robbed from the hand of the oppressor”
1516	22:3	y9er	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hand of the oppressor	Here “the hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “the power of the oppressor” or “the one who would harm him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1517	22:3	m38q		Do not mistreat	Alternate translation: “Do not treat badly”
1518	22:3	z2z9		orphan	a child who does not have parents
1519	22:3	b6c5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Do not & pour out innocent blood	Here “pour out … blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “Do not … murder innocent people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1520	22:3	t9h8		in this place	This could mean: (1) Jerusalem or (2) the whole country of Judah. This does not imply that it is good to murder people in other places.
1521	22:4	f37x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	kings sitting on David’s throne	The metonym “throne” refers to kingly authority like David had. Alternate translation: “kings, ruling like David before them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1522	22:4	vfy3		the gates of this house	This refers to the gates to the courtyard of the palace.
1523	22:4	l5m1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	riding in a chariot and on horses	This phrase is a metonym that describes the kings as powerful and wealthy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1524	22:4	rx2m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	he, his servants, and his people	This sentence lists all who will be powerful and wealthy. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he, his servants, and his people will ride into the palace on chariots and horses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1525	22:5	zef9		if you do not listen to	Alternate translation: “if you refuse to pay attention to” or “if you do not obey”
1526	22:5	w37m		this royal house	This phrase here appears to refer specifically to the royal palace.
1527	22:6	hfy3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of the king of Judah	This could mean: (1) this refers to the royal palace where the king lived or (2) “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, who were the royal line of the kings of Judah. Alternate translation: “the royal dynasty of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1528	22:6	v879	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	You are like Gilead, or like the summit of Lebanon	This could mean: (1) “You are as beautiful as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon” or (2) “You give me as much pleasure as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1529	22:6	ahd6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	turn you into a wilderness	What was formerly beautiful is said to become bare and deserted. Alternate translation: “cause you to become empty like the desert” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1530	22:7	wcw6		I have designated destroyers to come against you	Alternate translation: “I have chosen an army to attack you”
1531	22:7	d1mn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the best of your cedars	This could mean: (1) the beams of the palace or (2) the leading men of the royal family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1532	22:7	wb7h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	fall into the fire	This could mean: (1) a literal fire that will burn the palace beams or (2) the destruction of the royal family is spoken of as if they were burned in a fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1533	22:8	t15z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Then many nations will pass by this city	Here “nations” refers to the people from those nations that pass by. Alternate translation: “Then many people from various nations will pass by this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1534	22:9	a4v3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	bowed down to other gods and worshiped them	These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase “bowed down” describes the posture that people used in worship. Alternate translation: “they worshiped other gods” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1535	22:10	mwb9		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh has shifted from addressing the King of Judah and is now speaking to a general audience.
1536	22:10	n3gc		the one who is dead	This is singular, and refers to King Josiah who had been killed.
1537	22:10	nz1s		him who is about to go away	This refers to King Jehoahaz who was taken into exile in Egypt.
1538	22:10	mc5c		never return and see his native land	Alternate translation: “never come back and see the land of Israel again” or “never see his homeland again”
1539	22:11	gm4b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jehoahaz	The name in Hebrew is “Shallum,” but he is better known as Jehoahaz. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1540	22:11	rw5q		who served as king instead of Josiah his father	Alternate translation: “who became king when his father, Josiah, died”
1541	22:13	qz4r		him who builds & his upper rooms & who makes & for him & he does not give	The words “him” and “his” and “who” and “he” refer to King Jehoahaz (verse 11).
1542	22:13	qb7j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	builds his house by unrighteousness, his upper rooms by injustice	The abstract nouns “unrighteousness” and “injustice” have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis, and can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “unjustly forced men to build his house and his upper rooms” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1543	22:13	rzx8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his house	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jehoahaz (verse 11) and his family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1544	22:13	b5uz		him his wages	This refers to any of the neighbors of King Jehoahaz (verse 11) whom the king forces to work.
1545	22:14	m567		he says & he cuts & he panels & he paints	These refer to King Jehoahaz (verse 11).
1546	22:14	ub8w		a large house with spacious upper rooms & large windows & cedar & red	These characteristics all describe a very expensive house.
1547	22:15	ag7u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is this what makes you a good king, that you wanted to have boards of cedar?	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for his expensive palace. Alternate translation: “Having a cedar palace does not make you a good king.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1548	22:15	b88r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Did not your father also eat and drink, yet do & righteousness?	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Jehoiakim about the example of his father, King Josiah. Alternate translation: “Your father King Josiah enjoyed his life, yet did … righteousness.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1549	22:15	y86v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	do justice and righteousness	These abstract nouns have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis and can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “act justly and fairly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1550	22:16	nkx5		It was good then	Alternate translation: “Things went well for him”
1551	22:16	y4lk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is this not what it means to know me?	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for not following the example of his father, King Josiah. Alternate translation: “This is what it means to know me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1552	22:16	rd6y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1553	22:17	tab3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	there is nothing in your eyes and heart except worry & crushing of others	Here “eyes” is a metonym for seeing and “heart” is a metonym for thinking. Alternate translation: “you never look for or think about anything except … crushing of others” or “you only look for and think about ways to cheat others and pour out innocent blood, and to oppress and crush others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1554	22:17	u23t		unjust profit	This is getting money by cheating or by using unfair means.
1555	22:17	idh3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	pouring out innocent blood	Here “pouring out … blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “murdering innocent people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1556	22:17	l1rn		crushing of others	Alternate translation: “doing violence to others in order to get money”
1557	22:18	h7h1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	They will not lament for him	In verse 18, Yahweh stops speaking directly to Jehoiakim and begins to speak to other people. Here “lament” refers to grieving at Jehoiakim’s death. Alternate translation: “They will not lament for Jehoiakim when he dies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1558	22:18	n6j5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Woe, my brother! & Woe, my sister! & Woe, master! & Woe, majesty!	Yahweh uses the word “Woe” several times for emphasis. He addresses the various people who would normally show great sadness when someone dies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1559	22:19	s435	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He will be buried with a donkey’s burial, dragged away and thrown out	The burial of Jehoiakim is spoken of as being the same as the manner in which people would bury a donkey. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They will bury his dead body the way they would bury a dead donkey; they will drag it away and throw it out” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1560	22:20	ggs2		General Information:	General Information: It appears that Yahweh is here speaking to the people of Jerusalem, telling them that they will be destroyed.
1561	22:20	gv51	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Lift your voice	This idiom refers to shouting. In this case, they are crying out in grief. Alternate translation: “Cry out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1562	22:20	ptb6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abarim mountains	a mountain range that was southeast of Jerusalem (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1563	22:21	t5yr		I spoke to you when you were safe	Alternate translation: “I spoke to you when you were doing well”
1564	22:21	fs7b		This was your custom	Alternate translation: “This was your way of life”
1565	22:21	n4fz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you have not listened to my voice	Listening is a metonym for obeying. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1566	22:22	l2p1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The wind will shepherd away all your shepherds	This is a wordplay—Yahweh uses the idea of “shepherd” in two different ways. Here “shepherds” is a metaphor for the leaders of Jerusalem, and the wind “leads” them away. The wind represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will take your leaders away as if the wind had blown them away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1567	22:22	m6ua		go into captivity	Alternate translation: “become captives” or “go into exile”
1568	22:23	i6fc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You who live in ‘Lebanon,’ who is nestled in cedar buildings	Yahweh speaks of the royal palace as “Lebanon” and “cedar buildings” because it was constructed with a lot of cedar. Alternate translation: “You who live in a palace made from the cedars of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1569	22:23	n9dg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	You who live	This “You” is singular and refers to the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1570	22:23	x4j2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	how you will be pitied	The meaning of the Hebrew is not clear. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) “they will greatly pity you” or (2) “you will groan greatly.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1571	22:23	vfv9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	when the labor pains come upon you, pain like that of a woman in labor	The pain that the king will feel when his enemies defeat him will be as intense as the pain a woman feels in childbirth. Alternate translation: “when you experience pain as intense as the pain of a woman in childbirth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1572	22:24	lcv6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	even if you & were the signet on my right hand	Yahweh speaks to Jehoiachin as if it were possible for him to be the ring on Yahweh’s hand. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1573	22:24	fu3p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the signet on my right hand	A signet ring was used by a king to place his seal of authority on documents. The signet ring therefore represents authority to rule. The right hand also represents authority to rule. Alternate translation: “the signet ring on my right hand that represented my authority to be king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1574	22:24	dv7c		I would tear you off	Alternate translation: “I would tear you off from my hand” or “I would quickly pull you off of my hand”
1575	22:25	s6ia	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	I have given you to the hand of the ones seeking your life	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have made it possible for the ones seeking your life to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1576	22:25	h93i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to the hand of	Here the metonym “hand” represents power and control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1577	22:25	sr7r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	seeking your life	This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in Jeremiah 11:21. Alternate translation: “trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1578	22:27	cm6e		this land to which they will want to return	This refers to the land of Judah.
1579	22:28	clg1		Is this a despised and shattered vessel? & did not know?	It is not clear who is speaking in verse 28.
1580	22:28	h3sy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Is this a despised and shattered vessel? Is this man Jehoiachin a pot that pleases no one?	Jehoiachin is spoken of as a pot that was completely worthless and not liked by anyone. The questions emphasize that he has no value or friends. Alternate translation: “Jehoiachin is as useless as a broken vessel and no one is happy with him.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1581	22:28	qal1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why have they thrown him and his descendants out, and have poured them out into a land that they did not know?	This rhetorical question explains what will happen to the worthless Jehoiachin. Alternate translation: “Therefore the enemy will remove Jehoiachin and his family from the land and take them to a foreign land.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1582	22:28	vh5v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	have poured them out	Jehoiachin and his descendants are spoke of as if they had been poured out in another country like garbage from a vessel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1583	22:29	ac8x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Land, Land, Land	Yahweh speaks his message to all the people of the land by calling out to the land where they live. The title is repeated to call attention to the message. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
1584	22:30	ll6p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	He will be childless	Jehoiachin has several sons. This phrase, then, means it is as if he was childless. His children will not succeed him as king. Alternate translation: “It will be as if he did not have any children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1585	22:30	h57d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	sit on David’s throne	Sitting on a throne is a metonym for ruling as king. Alternate translation: “become king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1586	23:intro	u767			Jeremiah 23 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:5-6, 9-24. Special concepts in this chapter Prophesying lies The false prophets had encouraged people to continue sinning by saying everything will be alright. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Wordplay In Hebrew, the word for “message” can also mean “burden.” In translations that are using footnotes, you may want to explain the wordplay in a footnote. In translations that are not using footnotes or which will primarily be distributed in an oral form, you may need a sentence like “What message has the Lord burdened you with now?” or “You (plural) call God’s message a heavy burden on you.”
1587	23:1	q9nk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	General Information:	General Information: In verses 1-4, Yahweh refers to Israel as his pasture, the people of Israel as his sheep, and the leaders of Israel as the shepherds. Shepherds have a duty to protect the sheep, but the leaders were not doing that. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1588	23:1	z9sb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1589	23:2	hus7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	You have scattered my flock and have driven them away	These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1590	23:3	n6wn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to a grazing place	Yahweh refers to the land of Israel as if it were good pasture for his people. This good pasture is a metonym for provision for their needs. Alternate translation: “to good pasture” or “to where all their needs will be supplied” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1591	23:3	k44c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	they will be fruitful and increase	The word “increase” explains how they will be “fruitful.” Alternate translation: “they will increase greatly in number” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1592	23:4	ybw9		I will raise up	Alternate translation: “I will appoint”
1593	23:4	t983	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	they will no longer fear or be shattered	The words “be shattered” mean that someone has caused them to be afraid and mean basically the same thing as “fear.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will make them afraid anymore” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1594	23:4	n8p6		None of them	Alternate translation: “None of my people”
1595	23:4	ku28	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1596	23:5	xn4x		See	This word alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1597	23:5	wru3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I will raise up	This idiom means he will appoint a successor. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1598	23:5	wi4u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a righteous branch	This future king descended from David is spoken of as if he were a branch grown on a tree. Alternate translation: “a righteous descendant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1599	23:5	he9a		a righteous branch	Some modern versions translate this as “a legitimate successor to the throne.”
1600	23:5	ki8r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	cause justice and righteousness in the land	The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness” can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “cause people to act justly and rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1601	23:5	k63x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in the land	Here “land” refers to the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “for all the people in the nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1602	23:6	ls7f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Judah will be rescued	Here “Judah” refers to the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be rescued” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1603	23:6	cl3x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Judah will be rescued	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will rescue Judah from their enemies” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1604	23:6	y7s1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Israel will live in security	Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel will live in security” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1605	23:6	b9n9		he will be called	this refers to the king
1606	23:6	tg6a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Yahweh is our righteousness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word righteousness, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the one who does what is right for us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1607	23:7	kss4		General Information:	General Information: This verse is very similar to Jeremiah 16:14, although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated that verse.
1608	23:7	t4jx		see	The word “see” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows.
1609	23:7	xb5a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	As Yahweh lives	“as surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 4:2. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1610	23:8	d1ds		General Information:	General Information: This verse is very similar to Jeremiah 16:15, although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated that verse.
1611	23:8	yqm5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	who brought up and who led back	These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “who brought back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1612	23:8	e2wl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1613	23:8	eqs7		the northern land and all the lands where they had been driven	This refers to the way the northern ten tribes of Israel were captured and spread out among the surrounding countries.
1614	23:8	c7iz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Then they will live in their own land	This refers to Israel, from where they were scattered. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then they will live in their own land again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1615	23:9	j7qj		General Information:	General Information: In verses 9-32 Jeremiah delivers Yahweh’s message to the false prophets and the priests. Jeremiah is speaking in verse 9, but it is not clear if verse 10 are the words of Jeremiah or of Yahweh.
1616	23:9	f11c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Regarding the prophets, my heart is broken in me, and all of my bones tremble	The prophet speaks of his heart being broken and his bones trembling because he is afraid of the judgment that will result from the lies of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “I have great fear for what will happen because of the false prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1617	23:9	lb5c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	my heart is broken in me	This idiom refers to deep sadness. Alternate translation: “I am very sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1618	23:9	g6mk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all of my bones tremble	Here trembling is associated with fear. Alternate translation: “I am very afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1619	23:9	a63q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	I have become like a drunk man, like a man whom wine has overpowered	People who are drunk are not able to control themselves. Likewise, Jeremiah has lost control of himself out of fear of Yahweh’s punishment. Alternate translation: “I am like a drunk man; I cannot control myself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1620	23:10	v7jt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	the land is full of adulterers	The land is spoken of as if it were a container and the adulterers were objects that filled the container completely. That is, everyone in the land is an adulterer, which in turn is an exaggeration for very many people being adulterers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1621	23:10	pz91	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	adulterers	This word here probably has two senses. It has the literal meaning that the men in the nation had committed adultery against their own wives, and it also has the figurative meaning that they had abandoned Yahweh in order to worship idols. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1622	23:10	t6w1		the land is dried up	Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew phrase as “the land mourns.”
1623	23:10	u1vx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	These prophets’ paths are wicked	The wicked actions of the false prophets are spoken of as if they were walking on an evil path. Alternate translation: “These prophets are doing things that are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1624	23:11	g5xv		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9.
1625	23:11	pq1v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the prophets and the priests are polluted	The prophets and priests are defiled by sin in the same way that water can be polluted by filth. Alternate translation: “the prophets and the priests are sinful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1626	23:12	fgb1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	their way will be like a slippery place in the darkness	The danger of their actions is spoken of as if they were about to fall off the slippery edge of a cliff in the dark and injure themselves. Alternate translation: “there actions are unstable and dangerous, like walking on a slippery place in the darkness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1627	23:12	cdv6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will send disaster against them	Yahweh speaks of disaster as an enemy that he will send to attack the priests and false prophets. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to experience disaster” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1628	23:13	q2w8		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9.
1629	23:13	sqi5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	led my people Israel astray	The deception of the people by the false prophets is spoken of as leading them down the wrong path. Alternate translation: “deceived my people, the Israelites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1630	23:14	kpq8		They commit adultery	This could mean: (1) they were literally unfaithful to their wives or (2) their worship of other gods is spoken of as spiritual adultery.
1631	23:14	gu9j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	walk in deceit	This idiom means they lived a life of deceit. Alternate translation: “live in dishonesty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1632	23:14	v93v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	They strengthen the hands of evildoers	Here “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “They strengthen those who do evil” or “They encourage people who do evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1633	23:14	hf5u		no one turns back from his evildoing	This can be state in positive form. Alternate translation: “everyone continues in their sin”
1634	23:14	cc8r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	All of them have become like Sodom & like Gomorrah	Sodom and Gomorrah were cities that were so wicked that God destroyed them with fire from heaven. Alternate translation: “They all became as evil as Sodom … as wicked as Gomorrah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1635	23:15	t5fw		Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1636	23:15	cv5x		Look	The word “look” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows.
1637	23:15	ug5g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I am about to make them eat wormwood and drink poisonous water	Wormwood is a plant that is very bitter and unpleasant to eat. This phrase describes the punishment that Yahweh was going to bring about on the evil prophets. In the same way wormwood was bitter and the water was poisonous, so would Yaweh’s judgment be on the evil prophets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1638	23:15	wjd4		I am about to	Alternate translation: “I will soon”
1639	23:15	zxk6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	pollution has gone out from the prophets	Here the evil teaching of the priests and false prophets is spoken of as if it were something filthy that ruined the land. Alternate translation: “evil has come from the prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1640	23:15	fxa4		pollution	dirty and unsafe things that spoil the air, water, or land where they are found
1641	23:16	z212		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9.
1642	23:16	u2nu		Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1643	23:16	yu7d		They have deluded you!	Alternate translation: “The prophets have caused you to believe something that is not true!”
1644	23:16	qzm5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	visions from their own minds	Here “minds” refers to the thoughts of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “visions that they imagined” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1645	23:16	nij1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	not from Yahweh’s mouth	Here “mouth” refers to what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “not what Yahweh said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1646	23:17	e3yb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	They are constantly saying	The word “constantly” is an exaggeration to emphasize that this is what they normally say. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1647	23:17	kg1k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	everyone walking in the stubbornness of his own heart says	Here “heart” refers to their desires. To follow those desires is spoken of as walking in them. Alternate translation: “everyone stubbornly does whatever they desire to do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1648	23:17	ww1a		Disaster will not come upon you	Alternate translation: “Nothing bad will happen to you”
1649	23:18	rtl1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yet who has stood in Yahweh’s council meeting? Who sees and hears his word? Who pays attention to his word and listens?	These questions are used to rebuke the priests and false prophets for not obeying Yahweh. Alternate translation: “No one advises Yahweh. No one understands what Yahweh says. No one obeys Yahweh’s commands.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1650	23:18	crs3		pays attention to his word and listens	These two phrases mean the same thing. They can be combined in one phrase. Alternate translation: “obeys his word at all”
1651	23:19	sv8q		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9.
1652	23:19	b4tl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	there is a storm coming from Yahweh & His fury is going out & a tempest is whirling about	These three phrases all refer to a great storm that is a metaphor for Yahweh’s anger. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s anger is coming like a great storm, going out with fury and whirling like a tempest” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1653	23:19	gsy3		a tempest	a violent windstorm
1654	23:19	w4qs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	It is whirling around the heads of the wicked	Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it were a windstorm whirling around the wicked. Alternate translation: “It is coming upon the wicked like a windstorm” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1655	23:20	n8pg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Yahweh’s wrath will not return until it	Yahweh’s wrath is spoken of as if it were alive and could act on its own. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not stop being angry until he” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1656	23:20	p9sd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	carried out and brought into being his heart’s intentions	Here “heart’s intentions” refers to the things that Yahweh wanted to happen. Alternate translation: “completed and accomplished all the punishment that he had planned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1657	23:20	b1p2		the final days	Alternate translation: “the future”
1658	23:21	duz4		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh is the speaker in verses 21-40.
1659	23:21	e2zq		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9.
1660	23:21	jy71	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	they have still prophesied	It is understood that they are prophesying falsely. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they have prophesied falsely anyway” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1661	23:22	nx49	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	if they had stood in my council meeting	Yahweh states what would have happened if the priests and false prophets had participated in Yahweh’s council meeting in heaven. This hypothetical situation is impossible. Alternate translation: “if they had truly listened to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1662	23:22	kym3		my council meeting	In ancient times, God was thought to hold meetings with the angels in heaven. Yahweh is referring to this kind of meeting, which humans could not attend. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 23:18.
1663	23:22	n2ix	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to turn from	This idiom means they would stop doing these things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1664	23:23	w171		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9 and completes in Jeremiah 23:40.
1665	23:23	dpw9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Am I only a God nearby & and not also a God far away?	Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not rule everywhere. Alternate translation: “I am not only a God who is here in Jerusalem … but I am everywhere!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1666	23:23	ek7y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1667	23:24	s2d6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Can anyone hide in a secret place so I cannot see him?	Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not see the evil that they were doing. Alternate translation: “No one can hide in a secret place so I cannot see him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1668	23:24	asa4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	do I not fill the heavens and the earth?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is everywhere in heaven and on earth. Alternate translation: “I am everywhere, both in the heavens and on the earth.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1669	23:25	efh2		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9 and completes in Jeremiah 23:40.
1670	23:25	z8fx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	prophesying deceit	The word “deceit” can be expressed as an adjective or an adverb. Alternate translation: “prophesying deceit things” or “prophesying deceitfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1671	23:25	aqc3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in my name	This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this phrase in Jeremiah 14:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1672	23:25	ax5f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I had a dream!	They meant that this dream was from God. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I had a dream from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1673	23:26	ud78	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How long will this go on, prophets who prophesy lies from their minds, and who prophesy from the deceit in their hearts?	Yahweh asks this question to emphasize that this is something that should not continue. Alternate translation: “This should not continue, prophets declaring lies which they themselves have made up.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1674	23:26	acr3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	prophesy lies from their minds & prophesy from the deceit in their hearts	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the false prophets made up their prophesies. Alternate translation: “prophesy things that come only from their own minds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1675	23:27	z1ge	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	forget my name & forgot my name	Here the word “name” refers to the whole being of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “forget me … forgot me” or “forget who I am … forgot who I am” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1676	23:27	ph7r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in favor of Baal’s name	Here “Baal’s name” refers to the god Baal. Alternate translation: “leading my people to worship Baal instead of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1677	23:28	uu8f		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9 and completes in Jeremiah 23:40.
1678	23:28	nf21	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1679	23:29	cmi2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is not my word like fire? & and like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces?	Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that his word is much more powerful than the words of mere men. In that way, his word is like fire or a hammer. Alternate translation: “My word is powerful like fire … and powerful like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1680	23:30	s9jd		I am against	Alternate translation: “I am opposed to”
1681	23:30	za3e		steals words from another person	This implies that the false prophets are thieves. They are so evil that they take each other’s messages without permission rather than make up their own false messages.
1682	23:31	fj9k		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9 and completes in Jeremiah 23:40.
1683	23:31	eh6r		See	This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
1684	23:31	cyr7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	who use their tongues	Here “tongues” is a metonym for the ability to speak. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1685	23:33	a291		General Information:	General Information: In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
1686	23:33	c2ph		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9 and completes in Jeremiah 23:40.
1687	23:33	rek5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	asks you & you will say	These two instances of “you” are singular and refer to Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1688	23:33	t7eb		What is the burden of Yahweh?	Here “burden” means a message or prophecy from Yahweh.
1689	23:33	smx4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	You are the burden & cast you off	These two instances of “you” are plural and refer to the false prophets and the priests. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1690	23:33	gg8m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You are the burden	Here “burden” means a heavy load. This is a metaphor that means they annoy Yahweh and he no longer wants to put up with them. Alternate translation: “You are a burden that I am tired of carrying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1691	23:33	ct8x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1692	23:34	dnw7		This is the burden of Yahweh	Here “burden” means a message or prophecy from Yahweh.
1693	23:34	zc9i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his house	Here “house” is a metonym for the family that lives inside it. Alternate translation: “his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1694	23:35	x255		General Information:	General Information: In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
1695	23:35	lj8n		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9 and completes in Jeremiah 23:40.
1696	23:35	m2dm		You continue to say & ‘What did Yahweh declare?’	It may be helpful to reorder this sentence. Alternate translation: “Each person continues to ask his neighbor and his brother, ‘What did Yahweh answer?’ and ‘What did Yahweh declare?’”
1697	23:36	c4en		But you must no longer talk about the ‘burden of Yahweh,’ for the burden is every man’s own word, and	This could mean: (1) both instances of “burden” mean “message.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer call your visions the ‘burden of Yahweh’ because they are really only every man’s own words, and” or (2) the first ‘burden’ means “message” and the second means “heavy load.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer talk about the ‘message of Yahweh’ because the words that each of you speak are what is a ‘heavy load.’ In this way”
1698	23:36	ppq7		you have perverted the words & our God	To “pervert” something is to twist or distort it. Alternate translation: “you have changed the message of the living God, Yahweh of hosts, our God, to say what you want it to say and not what God said”
1699	23:37	ntt4		General Information:	General Information: In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
1700	23:37	pg4g		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh completes his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9.
1701	23:37	u96b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	This is what you will say	Here “you” is singular and refers to Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1702	23:38	da5b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	But if you say & Because you have said & when I sent to you & You will not say	All of these instances of “you” are plural and refer to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1703	23:39	uyp8		therefore, behold	“therefore, pay attention.” This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows.
1704	23:39	w43s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I am about to pick you up and throw you away from me	Yahweh speaks of sending these priests and false prophets into exile as if they were an object that he was going to throw far away. Alternate translation: “I am about to drive you away from me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1705	23:39	u7cv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	pick you up & throw you & I gave you	All of these instances of “you” are plural and refer to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1706	23:39	ad6n		the city that I gave you	This refers to Jerusalem.
1707	23:40	bq3w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	insult on you	This instance of “you” is plural and refers to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1708	23:40	t2qe		I will put everlasting shame and insult on you that will not be forgotten	“I will cover you with shame that will last forever and insult that you will never forget” or “I will cause people to make fun of you forever. People will never forget that you were disgraced.” Yahweh speaks of the humiliation of the priests and false prophets as if he would put shame and insult on them like clothing.
1709	23:40	p6n8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	that will not be forgotten	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that will last forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1710	24:intro	fru9			Jeremiah 24 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The exiles are blessed and the others punished God will bless the people who were taken away into Babylon but punish the people left in the land because they still did not repent and turn to him. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
1711	24:1	dy22		me	All instances of this pronoun refer to Jeremiah.
1712	24:1	gh4c		Behold	The word “Behold” here shows that Jeremiah saw something interesting.
1713	24:1	mx54	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This vision happened & them to Babylon	This part of the story is used to provide historical information to show when the events of the happened. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1714	24:1	gms2		craftsmen	people skilled at building things
1715	24:1	i6yi		metalworkers	people skilled at creating things out of metal
1716	24:2	yn27	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	they could not be eaten	These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one could eat them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1717	24:3	wk1l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	they cannot be eaten	These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one could eat them … no one can eat them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1718	24:4	th8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to me, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1719	24:5	bn7y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I will look on the exiles of Judah for their benefit	Here “look on” is an idiom that means Yahweh will take care of them. Alternate translation: “I will take good care of the exiles of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1720	24:5	vt5h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	just like these good figs	The good figs represent those Judean exiles sent to the land of Chaldea. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1721	24:6	p9np	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will set my eyes on them for good	Here “set my eyes” means he will see them. Seeing them is a metonym for caring for them. Alternate translation: “I will bless them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1722	24:6	i7sm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	I will build them up, and not tear them down. I will plant them, and not uproot them	These two metaphors have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Alternate translation: “I will help them to prosper in Chaldea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1723	24:6	pp2q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will build them up, and not tear them down	Yahweh speak of the exiles as a building which Yahweh will build and not tear down. Alternate translation: “I will help them flourish in the land, and not ruin them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1724	24:6	whb1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will plant them, and not uproot them	Yahweh speak of the exiles as plants which Yahweh will plant in good soil and not pull out. Alternate translation: “I will establish them in the land, and not remove them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1725	24:9	hi95	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	I will turn them into a frightening thing, a disaster & a disgrace and a subject for proverbs, taunts, and curses	These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how thoroughly Yahweh will judge the people of Jerusalem. They will become something that will frighten other people when they see it. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1726	24:10	f8lu		I will send out sword, famine, and plague against them	Alternate translation: “I will kill them with war, famine and sicknesses”
1727	24:10	j4rn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will send out sword	Here “sword” refers to war or enemy armies. Alternate translation: “I will send enemy armies” or “I will send out war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1728	24:10	k2as	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	sword, famine, and plague	These things are spoken of as if they were living things that could attack the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1729	24:10	l4fs		they are destroyed from the land	Alternate translation: “none of them remain in the land”
1730	25:intro	uf7k			Jeremiah 25 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 25:30-38. Special concepts in this chapter Seventy years Babylon will rule over Judah for seventy years. Because Yahweh is just, he will soon punish Babylon for their evil actions. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Idiom Jeremiah uses the idiom of drinking the cup of wine of God’s punishment to say that Babylon will destroy all the surrounding nations and then be destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1731	25:1	jgw9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is the word that came to Jeremiah	It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 7:1. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1732	25:1	a9rv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	the fourth & the first	(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1733	25:3	q39g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Amon	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1734	25:5	nw93	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Let each man turn from his wicked way and the corruption of his practices	Jeremiah speaks of people who stop committing an action as if those people were turning away from that action. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1735	25:5	xe34	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	his wicked way and the corruption of his practices	The terms “wicked way” and “corruption of his practices” mean the same thing and refer to every sinful thing that they do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1736	25:5	jc1p		the corruption of his practices	Alternate translation: “his corrupt practices”
1737	25:6	yxs7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	do not walk after other gods	Jeremiah speaks of a person being devoted to a god as if the person were walking behind the god. Alternate translation: “do not become devoted to other gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1738	25:6	cgg6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	do not provoke him with the work of your hands	The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Here, the phrase the work of your hands could mean: (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh with the idols that you have made” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh by the things that you do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1739	25:7	fz11	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	you have provoked me with the work of your hands to do harm to you	See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 25:6. Here, the phrase the work of your hands could mean: (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the idols that you have made with your hands” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the things that you do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1740	25:7	t2s6		to do harm to you	Alternate translation: “so that I do harm to you”
1741	25:8	i8m8		Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1742	25:9	rd1n		see	Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
1743	25:9	kxv7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	bring them against this land	The idiom to “bring … against this land” means that they will attack the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “bring them to attack this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1744	25:9	h39v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I will set them apart for destruction	The idiom “set … apart for destruction” means to destroy something completely. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1745	25:9	h2cj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	I will turn them into a horror	The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will turn them into something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1746	25:9	e1u4		an object for hissing	The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people will hiss”
1747	25:10	nzy3		millstones	These are two large, round stones used to grind grain.
1748	25:10	n68f		the sound of joy and sound of gladness, the sound of the groom and the sound of the bride	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:34.
1749	25:11	zyt1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	all of this land will become a desolation and a horror	The words “desolation” and “horror” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will cause this land to be desolate and something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1750	25:12	m9ye		when seventy years have been completed	Alternate translation: “after seventy years” or “after seventy years have passed”
1751	25:12	pua7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	an unending desolation	The noun “desolation” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “desolate forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1752	25:13	dbu3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	everything written in this book	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “everything that Jeremiah has written in this book” or “everything that one has written in this book” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1753	25:14	tv7d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will repay them for their deeds and the works of their hands	Yahweh speaks of punishing the people of the nations for what they have done as if he were paying them back. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1754	25:14	l9f2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	their deeds and the works of their hands	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The idiom “the works of their hands” refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “everything that they have done” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1755	25:15	uqa7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Take this cup of the wine of fury	Yahweh speaks of his extreme anger as if it were wine that fills a cup. Alternate translation: “Take this cup of wine that represents my fury” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1756	25:15	nl26	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	make all the nations & drink it	The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Yahweh speaks of people experiencing his fury as if they were to drink the wine that is in the cup. Alternate translation: “make all the people of the nations … drink the wine” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1757	25:16	y8ww	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they will drink and then stagger about and rant madly	Yahweh speaks of the people being terrified about his fury as if they were drunk from drinking the wine from the cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1758	25:16	ftn1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	before the sword that I am sending out among them	Here the word “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “because of the wars that I am causing to happen among them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1759	25:17	ti8x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1760	25:17	h4ut	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I made all the nations & drink it	The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “I made all the people of the nations … drink the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1761	25:18	a2nm		something terrifying	The adjective “terrifying” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “something that terrifies people”
1762	25:18	m6p4		an object for hissing and cursing	The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval. Both “hissing” and “cursing” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people hiss and which they curse”
1763	25:18	jbw1		they are at this present day	Here, this phrase could mean: (1) refers to the time when the book of Jeremiah was written and some time after Jeremiah had proclaimed this prophecy or (2) means that the things about which Jeremiah prophesies here have already started to happen.
1764	25:19	zv1x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1765	25:19	c8ay	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Other nations also had to drink it	The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “People from other nations also had to drink the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1766	25:20	lnv5		people of mixed heritage	This could mean: (1) people whose ancestors were from different people groups or (2) foreigners who lived in Egypt.
1767	25:20	y7a1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Uz	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1768	25:22	q9z1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1769	25:22	e275		the sea	This is a reference to the Mediterranean Sea.
1770	25:23	ufe5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Dedan, Tema, and Buz	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1771	25:23	ak9u		all the ones who cut the hair on the sides of their heads	This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness.” See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 9:26.
1772	25:23	dgh2		they also had to drink it	Alternate translation: “they also had to drink the wine from the cup”
1773	25:24	gv4u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1774	25:25	dg7i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zimri	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1775	25:26	kn4i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	everyone with his brother	This is an idiom that means every person, one after another. Alternate translation: “one after another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1776	25:26	f9h6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all of them had to drink the cup from Yahweh’s hand	Here “the cup” is a metonym for the wine that it contains. Alternate translation: “all of these people had to drink the wine from the cup in Yahweh’s hand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1777	25:27	p9dl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1778	25:27	dq9j		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1779	25:27	v2lj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	before the sword that I am sending among you	Here the word “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “before the wars that I am causing to happen among you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1780	25:29	ut1e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the city that is called by my name	This refers to Jerusalem and can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the city that I have called by my name” or “Jerusalem, which I have called by my name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1781	25:29	xp4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	and should you yourselves be free from punishment?	Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people and to emphasize that he will certainly punish them. Alternate translation: “so do not think that you yourselves will be free from punishment.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1782	25:29	xg8j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I am calling a sword against all the inhabitants of the land	Here the word “sword” represents war. Yahweh speaks of declaring war against the people as if he were calling a sword against them. Alternate translation: “I am declaring war against all the inhabitants of the land” or “I am bringing war against all the inhabitants of the land” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1783	25:30	c55r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh will roar	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh shouting very loudly as if he were roaring like a lion. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1784	25:30	l53r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from the heights	This phrase is a metonym for heaven. Alternate translation: “from heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1785	25:30	x8nc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he will roar mightily against his fold	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as if he were a lion and his people were a flock of sheep. The people will be helpless when Yahweh comes to punish them, as sheep are helpless when a lion attacks. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1786	25:30	ct53		those who tread the grapes	This refers to people who crush grapes in a winepress with their feet in order to make wine.
1787	25:31	fjq3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to the ends of the earth	This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. Alternate translation: “to the farthest places on the earth” or “to everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1788	25:31	ytv7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	on all flesh	Here the word “flesh” represents humanity. Alternate translation: “on all mankind” or “on all people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1789	25:31	luq6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1790	25:32	gee1		Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1791	25:32	vv51		See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1792	25:32	zv4e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	disaster is going out from nation to nation	Yahweh speaks of great disasters happening in each nation as if “disaster” were a person who goes from nation to nation. Alternate translation: “great disasters are going to happen in one nation after another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1793	25:32	dfh9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a great storm is beginning from the farthest parts of the earth	Here, this metaphor could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks of Babylonian army and the destruction that it will cause as if it were a great storm or (2) Yahweh speaks of his great anger as if it were a great storm that causes much destruction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1794	25:33	nd4h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	those killed by Yahweh	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1795	25:33	zab4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	will on that day extend from one end of the earth to the other	By mentioning both ends of the earth, this phrase represents everywhere in between those ends. Alternate translation: “will on that day cover the entire earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1796	25:33	gm43	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	they will not be mourned, gathered, or buried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will mourn them, gather them, or bury them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1797	25:33	brq6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	They will be like dung on the ground	The bodies are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 16:4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1798	25:34	i7rd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	shepherds	Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who are responsible for protecting and caring for the people, who, implicitly, are spoken of as if they are the sheep. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1799	25:34	tec2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Roll about in the dust	This is a sign of sorrow, mourning or distress. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1800	25:34	ufa1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you leaders of the flock	This phrase also refers to the leaders of Israel who are responsible to care for the people, who are spoken of as if they were a flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “you leaders of the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1801	25:34	chn4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	for the days of your slaughter have come	Usually it is the sheep that are slaughtered, but here Yahweh says that he will slaughter the shepherds. The word “slaughter” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “for the time has come for me to slaughter you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1802	25:34	cj7k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you will be scattered when you fall like fine pottery	Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel being destroyed as if they are pieces of pottery that shatter when they fall to the ground. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will fall like fine pottery and your shattered pieces will scatter on the ground” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1803	25:36	taa7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh is destroying their pastures	Yahweh speaks of the nation in which the leaders think that they live peacefully as if it were the “pastures” in which they care for the sheep (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1804	25:37	n1fc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	So the peaceful pastures will be devastated	Yahweh continues to speak of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds. Here he speaks of the nation as the “pastures” in which they think they live peacefully. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1805	25:37	nz1v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the peaceful pastures will be devastated because of Yahweh’s fierce anger	This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will devastate the peaceful pastures because of he extremely angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1806	25:38	gc84	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Like a young lion, he has left his den	Yahweh punishing his people in his extreme wrath is spoken of as if Yahweh were a lion who leaves his den in search of prey. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1807	25:38	tr4c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	their land will become a horror	The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “their land will become something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1808	25:38	ef4f		the oppressor’s anger	This refers to the anger of Israel’s enemies.
1809	26:intro	m6jw			Jeremiah 26 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The people want to kill Jeremiah The people wanted to kill Jeremiah but other people intervened and said that they should listen to Jeremiah and repent. They represent the remnant of the faithful Jews. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
1810	26:1	hc6c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	this word came from Yahweh, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 18:1, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This message came from Yahweh. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1811	26:1	v8wh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	this word came from Yahweh, saying	It can be stated clearly who Yahweh gave this message to. Alternate translation: “this word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1812	26:2	f1ff	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	cities of Judah	The word “cities” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “people from the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1813	26:2	aun6		Do not cut short any word!	Alternate translation: “Do not leave anything out from what I have told you!”
1814	26:3	x43j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	each man will turn from his wicked ways	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “each man will stop his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1815	26:3	v13u		so I will relent concerning the disaster	This is conditional destruction. If Judah repents, God will not destroy but heal them.
1816	26:3	ig56		the wickedness of their practices	Alternate translation: “the wicked way that they live” or “the wicked things that they do”
1817	26:6	vka9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	then I will make this house like Shiloh	Yahweh had destroyed a place of worship at Shiloh, and he was threatening to destroy this place of worship. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1818	26:6	qd3h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will turn this city into a curse	What Yahweh would turn the city into is a metonym for what people would use the city for. Alternate translation: “I will make this city so that people will ask me to destroy others the way I have destroyed this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1819	26:6	w3q2		in the sight of all the nations on earth	Alternate translation: “so that all the nations on earth can see me do it”
1820	26:7	id3z		Yahweh’s house	the temple
1821	26:8	zr32		all the people seized him and said, “You will certainly die!	This could mean: (1) The people chose to believe the lie of false peace and did not want to be confronted with the truth, or (2) the people believed the other prophets proclaiming peace and saw Jeremiah as a false prophet who should be stoned for leading the people astray.
1822	26:9	sb1y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why have you prophesied & inhabitant?	This rebuke can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have prophesied … inhabitant.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1823	26:10	kp6h		the New Gate	the name of the gate through which people went into the temple
1824	26:11	n24j		you heard with your own ears	Alternate translation: “you heard”
1825	26:12	m8sc		this house and this city	Alternate translation: “the people who worship in Yahweh’s temple and those who live in the city of Jerusalem”
1826	26:13	u7ib	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	your ways & your practices	These two phrases mean almost the same thing. Alternate translation: “the things you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1827	26:13	u76z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	listen to the voice of Yahweh	The voice is a synecdoche for the person, and the same word can be translated “listen” or “obey.” Alternate translation: “obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1828	26:14	kr6k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Do to me what is good and right in your eyes	The words “good” and “right” mean the same thing. The eye is a metonym for the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “Do to me whatever you think is the right thing to do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1829	26:15	r93l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you are bringing innocent blood on yourselves and on this city and its inhabitants	Blood is a metonym for violent death, and to bring blood on someone is to make them guilty of violent death. Alternate translation: “you are making yourselves and this city and its inhabitants guilty of the violent death of an innocent person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1830	26:15	cu9w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	this city and its inhabitants	These are two ways of speaking of the same people, perhaps first as a group and then as individuals. The city is a metonym for the people in the city. Alternate translation: “all the people in the city and every one of the people who live here” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1831	26:15	mi1q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for your ears	The ear is a metonym for what the ear hears. Alternate translation: “for you to hear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1832	26:16	jf98	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in the name of Yahweh our God	The person’s name is a metonym for his authority. Alternate translation: “with the authority of Yahweh our God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1833	26:18	z8nb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	General Information:	General Information: See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]
1834	26:18	t6dn		Morashite	a person from the town or region of Moresheth
1835	26:18	az6u		Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1836	26:18	pi1j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Zion will become a plowed field & and the hill of the temple will become a thicket	“Zion” and “the hill of the temple” refer to the same place. When a farmer plows a field, he turns over all the dirt and uproots all the plants that are growing there. A thicket is so full of bushes that no one can use it for anything. These two metaphors cannot be literally true at the same time, but they emphasize that Yahweh will allow the invaders to completely destroy the temple area. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1837	26:19	qp3q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Did Hezekiah & put him to death?	The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. Alternate translation: “You know very well that Hezekiah … did not put him to death.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1838	26:19	pa6c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all of Judah	The land is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1839	26:19	vxq8		Did he not fear Yahweh and appease the face of Yahweh & them?	The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. Alternate translation: “You know very well that he feared Yahweh and appeased the face of Yahweh so that Yahweh … them.”
1840	26:19	gxw9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	appease the face of Yahweh	The face is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “cause Yahweh to be less angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1841	26:19	fc9w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	So will we do greater evil against our own lives?	The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. The word “lives” is a metonym for the people. Alternate translation: “If we kill Jeremiah, we will do greater evil against our own lives.” or “We do not want to do worse things to ourselves.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1842	26:20	vwh1		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Jeremiah stops telling about his own life and begins telling about what happened to another prophet.
1843	26:20	lp4c		Meanwhile there was	Alternate translation: “While what I was just telling you about was happening, there was”
1844	26:20	dij2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	prophesied against this city and this land	The words “city” and “land” are metonyms for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “prophesied that bad things would happen to the people who lived in this city and this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1845	26:21	m5dp		heard his word	Alternate translation: “heard what he said”
1846	26:22	pux5		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: This is the end of the story of Uriah.
1847	26:22	q88r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Elnathan & Akbor	men’s names (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1848	26:23	dgv1		corpse	dead body
1849	26:24	d2pc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hand of Ahikam & was with Jeremiah	The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Ahikam was not a soldier, so he probably was able to talk to people and change their minds. Alternate translation: “Ahikam … was able to help Jeremiah” or “Ahikam … was able to keep the people from harming Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1850	26:24	t71n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahikam & Shaphan	men’s names (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1851	26:24	y6jk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he was not given into the hand of the people to be put to death	The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Ahikam did not allow the people to have the power to put Jeremiah to death” or “the people could not kill Jeremiah because Ahikam did not give them the power to” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1852	27:intro	ka54			Jeremiah 27 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The nations should serve Babylon Jeremiah told the king of Judah, and all the surrounding nations, to serve the Babylonians and live in their land. If they refused, Babylon would take them as captives to another land.
1853	27:2	w3cz		fetters	things that keep a person from moving freely
1854	27:3	ak1w		Then send them out	This seems to mean that Jeremiah was to send a set of fetters and yoke to each king listed. But some versions of the Bible translate this as “Then send out messages.”
1855	27:3	tkx8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Send them by the hand of those kings’ ambassadors who & Judah	The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “Have those kings’ ambassadors, who … Judah, take them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1856	27:4	tqe7		Give commands to them for their masters	Jeremiah was instructed to give a set of chains and yoke to each ambassador and a message for each king regarding the chains and yoke.
1857	27:4	ujr8		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1858	27:5	si5k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	by my great strength and my raised arm	The phrase “raised arm” refers to great power and intensifies the first phrase. Alternate translation: “by my very great power” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1859	27:5	yla5		I give it to anyone who is right in my eyes	Another possible meaning is “I give it to anyone I want to.”
1860	27:6	p2p5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I & am giving all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar & servant	The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, and the word “lands” is a metonym for the people who live in those lands. Alternate translation: “I … am putting the people who live in all these lands under the power of Nebuchadnezzar … servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1861	27:7	j598	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the time for his land comes	You may need to make explicit the nature of the time. Alternate translation: “the time for me to destroy his land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1862	27:7	q3bv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	subdue him	Here “him” refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents the kingdom of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will defeat Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1863	27:8	p98j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	that does not put its neck under the yoke of the king	Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal on to the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. Alternate translation: “and whose people do not willingly become slaves of the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1864	27:8	e21c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I have destroyed it by his hand	The hand here could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar’s power, or it could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar’s armies. Alternate translation: “I have used Nebuchadnezzar’s power to destroy it” or “I have enabled Nebuchadnezzar’s armies to destroy i” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1865	27:9	vwe7		soothsayers	people who say what will happen in the future
1866	27:11	l1up	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the nation that places its neck under the yoke of the king	Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 27:8. Alternate translation: “the nation whose people willingly becomes slaves of the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1867	27:11	hi97		the nation that places	The nation here is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the nation of people who place”
1868	27:11	w1tr		cultivate	This means to prepare and use land to grow food crops
1869	27:11	eq6b		make their homes in it	Alternate translation: “make their homes in their own land”
1870	27:12	s392		Place your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon	Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words were translated in Jeremiah 27:8.
1871	27:12	gls2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Place your necks	The word “your” refers to Zedekiah and the people of Judah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1872	27:13	dl31	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why will you die & king of Babylon?	Jeremiah uses this question to warn the king that his actions will lead to his death. Alternate translation: “For if you do not do this, you will surely die … king.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1873	27:14	dre5		Do not listen to the words	Yahweh is warning the people about all the false prophets that he did not send and that are lying to them.
1874	27:15	xb8h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	they are prophesying deceit in my name	The phrase “in my name” represents speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. Here these prophets claim that they received their message from Yahweh, but that had not. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word deceit, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “deceiving.” Alternate translation: “they say they are speaking for me when they prophesy, but they are deceiving you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1875	27:15	qnt1		I will drive you out	Alternate translation: “I will force you to leave your home country”
1876	27:16	cbz7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The objects belonging to Yahweh’s house are being returned from Babylon now!	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People are bringing back all the gold items that they took from Yahweh’s temple!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1877	27:17	sk8y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why should this city become a ruin?	Yahweh uses a question to warn the people. Alternate translation: “You can keep this city from becoming a ruin if you do what Yahweh wants you to do.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1878	27:18	a925	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	If they are prophets, and if the word of Yahweh has truly come to them, let them beg	This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh knows is not true. Alternate translation: “If they were prophets, and if the word of Yahweh had truly come to them, they would beg” or “Because they are not prophets and the word of Yahweh has not truly come to them, they will not beg” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1879	27:18	p374		if the word of Yahweh has truly come to them	The phrase “word of Yahweh” refers to messages from God. Alternate translation: “if Yahweh has truly given them messages” or “if Yahweh truly spoke messages to them”
1880	27:18	tay8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	the word of Yahweh & beg Yahweh of hosts not	Yahweh is speaking of himself in third person. Alternate translation: “my word … be me, Yahweh of hosts, not” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1881	27:18	ej1m		the house of the king of Judah	The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived. Alternate translation: “the palace of the king of Judah”
1882	27:19	sly4		Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1883	27:19	mv9m		the pillars, the large basin known as “The Sea” and its base	These were objects that were in the temple. “The Sea” was a large bronze bowl.
1884	27:20	x7ff		Jehoiachin	The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
1885	27:21	x7vp		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1886	27:21	trv4		the house of the king of Judah	The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace there the king lived. Alternate translation: “the palace of the king of Judah”
1887	27:22	s56l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	They will be brought to Babylon	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will bring them to Babylon” or “I will bring them to Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1888	27:22	au73	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1889	27:22	jjc7		I will bring them up	The reader should understand that Yahweh will have people carry them up.
1890	28:intro	r9mb			Jeremiah 28 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter False prophecies continue A false prophet prophesied that the captives would return from Babylon with all the temple vessels. Jeremiah told the false prophet that he would die that year for prophesying lies, and he did die. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
1891	28:1	eue8		General Information:	General Information: Hananiah claims to speak for God.
1892	28:1	uk8e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	in the fourth year and the fifth month	This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. This was after Zedekiah had been king for three years. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1893	28:1	i5s1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Azzur	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1894	28:2	nwh3		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1895	28:2	aar4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I have broken the yoke imposed by the king of Babylon	Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I have made it so you are no longer slaves of the king of Babylon” or “I have set you free from slavery to the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1896	28:4	p8wn		Jehoiachin	The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
1897	28:4	g5wx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who were sent	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom I sent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1898	28:6	jm3q		May Yahweh confirm the words that you prophesied	Alternate translation: “May Yahweh prove you have prophesied truly”
1899	28:8	kgg7		The prophets who existed before me and you from long ago	Alternate translation: “The prophets who lived long ago before you and I”
1900	28:9	v7cm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	then it will be known that he is indeed a prophet sent out by Yahweh	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “then you will know that he is indeed a true prophet and that Yahweh has sent him out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1901	28:11	ski8		Just like this	Alternate translation: “Just as Hananiah has taken the yoke off Jeremiah’s neck”
1902	28:11	aj19	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will break from off the neck of every nation the yoke imposed by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon	Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I will make it so all nations are no longer slaves of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” or “I will set every nation free from slavery to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1903	28:11	u45s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	every nation	The word “nation” is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the people of every nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1904	28:11	dg28	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the yoke imposed by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the yoke that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has imposed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1905	28:11	ahp8		imposed	put on people
1906	28:12	qez4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1907	28:13	k1s2		You broke a yoke of wood, but I will make instead a yoke of iron	Alternate translation: “You broke a weak yoke, but I will replace it with a yoke that you cannot break”
1908	28:14	u3bq		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1909	28:14	y7rs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I have placed a yoke of iron on the neck of all of these nations to serve Nebuchadnezzar	Yahweh speaks of making nations to be slaves of Nebuchadnezzar as if he were putting yokes on oxen to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I have made all of these nations slaves, and they will have to serve Nebuchadnezzar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1910	28:16	mdf5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	you proclaimed rebellion against Yahweh	It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. Alternate translation: “you urged people to rebel against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1911	28:17	gp9j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	In the seventh month	This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1912	29:intro	l6ne			Jeremiah 29 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Two letters Jeremiah sent a letter to Babylon telling the exiles to prepare for a long stay. A false prophet in Babylon wrote back to the chief priest telling him to punish Jeremiah. Even though Jeremiah had prophesied the exile, the Jews still did not believe him. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
1913	29:1	j1gt		sent out from Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “proclaimed from Jerusalem”
1914	29:1	kv6v		remaining elders	Alternate translation: “elders who were still alive”
1915	29:2	ici1		Jehoiachin	The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
1916	29:2	lph9		the queen mother	the king’s mother
1917	29:2	dd2l		high officials	Alternate translation: “very important officials”
1918	29:3	jx8m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	by the hand of Elasah	Jeremiah gave the scroll to Elasah so that Elasah could take it to Babylon. The reader should understand that Elasah probably put the scroll in a container to keep it safe as he traveled. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1919	29:3	c79u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Elasah & Shapan & Gemariah & Hilkiah	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1920	29:4	wj14		Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel, says this to all the captives	When people wrote letters in that society, they would write their name first, then the name of the person to whom they were writing, and then the main part of the letter. Yahweh speaks of himself by name as if he were writing the letter himself.
1921	29:4	zdg1		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1922	29:5	b9h6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Build houses and live in them. Plant gardens and eat their fruit	Yahweh is telling them they will be there for a long time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1923	29:6	x2ss		take wives for your sons, and give your daughters to husbands	Parents commonly arranged their children’s marriages.
1924	29:7	e28z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Seek the peace of the city	The peace of the city is a metonym for the people living in peace. Alternate translation: “Do everything you can so the people of the city live in peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1925	29:7	y2ms		the city & its behalf & it is at peace	These words refer to the city of Babylon.
1926	29:8	ty27		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1927	29:8	uw13		you yourselves are having	Another possible meaning is “you are encouraging the prophets to have for you.”
1928	29:9	k591		they are prophesying deceitfully & I did not send them	This could mean: (1) these words refer to the prophets and diviners, not to the dreams or (2) “they are prophesying deceitfully” refers to the dreams, and “I did not send them” refers to the prophets and diviners.
1929	29:9	dl19	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1930	29:10	j5jj		you	the captive Israelites
1931	29:10	f7ht	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	seventy years	“70 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1932	29:12	t5ie	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you will call to me	Praying is spoken of as calling out with a loud voice. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1933	29:12	chj7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I will listen to you	This implies that Yahweh will give them what they want. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1934	29:13	t4q8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you will seek me	Wanting to know what Yahweh requires is spoken of as trying to find where Yahweh is. Alternate translation: “you will want to do what I require you to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1935	29:13	w17i		you will seek me with all your heart	Alternate translation: “you will be completely sincere when you seek me”
1936	29:14	wng6		I will bring back your fortunes	Alternate translation: “I will cause things to go well for you again” or “I will cause you to live well again”
1937	29:14	e84g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	I caused you to be exiled	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I sent you into exile” or “I sent you to be exiles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1938	29:15	mq78		General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah speaks to the captive Israelites.
1939	29:16	nxs3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the king who sits on the throne of David	Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. Alternate translation: “the king who rules the Israelites as David did” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1940	29:17	v7vj		Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1941	29:17	c4i2		See	This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention”
1942	29:17	u8ah	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I am about to send sword, famine, and disease on them	The word “sword” is a metonym for war. The sword, famine, and disease are spoken of as people who can obey Yahweh’s command to harm the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I am going to punish them by having them die in war, from hunger, and from illness” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1943	29:17	u3lc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	For I will make them like rotten figs that are too bad to be eaten	Rotten figs are useless because they cannot be eaten, and Yahweh sees no use for the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1944	29:18	pv3g		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Israel.
1945	29:18	c9s9		a horror, an object of curses and hissing, and a shameful thing	These words all share similar meanings and describe how the people of other nations will react when they see what Yahweh has done to the people of Judah.
1946	29:18	m2u4		hissing	the sound people make when they disapprove of something
1947	29:19	xg4e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1948	29:20	n6ah		So you yourselves listen	Yahweh is now about to issue a command and wants them to pay attention. Alternate translation: “But as for you, listen carefully”
1949	29:21	hg4m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kolaiah & Maaseiah	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1950	29:21	li6x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	who prophesy falsely to you in my name	Here “name” is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “liars who tell you that they are speaking my words to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1951	29:21	rtz1		See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1952	29:21	nlw5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I am about to put them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon	Here “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to conquer them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1953	29:21	rp45		before your eyes	Alternate translation: “where you can see him do it”
1954	29:22	bu5e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	a curse will be spoken about these persons by all the captives of Judah in Babylon	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the captives of Judah in Babylon will say a curse about these persons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1955	29:22	d1hq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	roasted	This word usually refers to cooking food over an open fire or in a pan, not to burning completely. This could mean: (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “burned to death” or (2) the king’s men attached them to poles over the fire close enough that the fire would slowly kill them but far enough away that it would not totally consume their bodies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1956	29:23	siu5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1957	29:24	b1e4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shemaiah	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1958	29:24	zl7z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nehelamite	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1959	29:25	l5qk		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1960	29:25	atv3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in your own name	The word “name” refers to a person’s authority and reputation. Alternate translation: “based on your own authority and reputation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1961	29:25	p62k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Maaseiah	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1962	29:26	x2p7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jehoiada	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1963	29:26	bf8u		stocks	a wooden frame that holds the feet, hands, or head of a person whom someone is punishing
1964	29:27	z9tj		General Information:	General Information: This finishes the letter by Shemaiah that he sent out to the people in Jerusalem.
1965	29:27	p5f5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	why have you not rebuked Jeremiah of Anathoth & against you?	Shemaiah uses a rhetorical question to scold the people of Jerusalem for not rebuking Jeremiah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I want you to rebuke Jeremiah of Anathoth … against you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1966	29:28	v7fm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he has sent to us	You may need to make explicit what it was that Jeremiah sent. Alternate translation: “he has sent a message to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1967	29:28	v3zf		Build houses and live in them, and plant gardens and eat their fruit	See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 29:5.
1968	29:29	vih2		in the hearing of Jeremiah the prophet	“so that Jeremiah the prophet could hear him read it.” See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 2:2.
1969	29:30	z78k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1970	29:31	ysp9		Shemaiah the Nehelamite	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 29:24.
1971	29:32	h1dk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the good	This can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the good things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1972	29:32	q7ck	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1973	29:32	bs4i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	he has proclaimed rebellion against Yahweh	It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. Alternate translation: “he has urged people to rebel against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1974	30:intro	pf1y			Jeremiah 30 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:5-24. Special concepts in this chapter God promises restoration Despite the prophesied punishment in this chapter, Yahweh promises to restore Judah. In addition to this, he also declares that he will ultimately restore Israel. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter The author uses the term “Israel” in two different ways. He uses it in reference to the nation of Israel. He also uses it in reference to the people who used to inhabit the northern kingdom of Israel, namely the people group of Israel.
1975	30:1	f64q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1976	30:3	iwm1		For look	“For listen carefully.” This phrase brings attention to what Yahweh is going to say next.
1977	30:3	s2us	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	days are coming & when I will restore the fortunes	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in Jeremiah 7:32. Alternate translation: “in the future … I will restore the fortunes” or “there will be a time … when I will restore the fortunes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1978	30:3	db1t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1979	30:3	xt2s		I will restore the fortunes of my people, Israel and Judah	“I will cause things to go well for my people, Israel and Judah, again” or “I will cause my people, Israel and Judah, to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 29:14.
1980	30:4	m5dx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1981	30:5	l2xq		We have heard	This could mean: (1) that these are the words of Yahweh referring to himself as “we.” Alternate translation: “I have heard” or (2) that these are the words of the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You people of Jerusalem say, ‘We have heard”
1982	30:5	mej1		a trembling voice of dread and not of peace	This could mean: (1) “people cry out in dread because there is no peace” or (2) “you cry out in dread because there is no peace.”
1983	30:6	br85		Ask and see if a man bears a child	Alternate translation: “You know that no man has ever given birth to a child”
1984	30:6	t7ik	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Why do I see every young man with his hand on his loins like a woman bearing a child? Why have all their faces become pale?	A woman about to give birth is in great pain and unable to do anything. The young men are so frightened that their bodies hurt, and they are unable to fight. Alternate translation: “The young men are holding their bellies like a woman giving birth; they all look sick because they are so afraid.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1985	30:7	uva8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for Jacob, but he will be rescued from it	The name Jacob is a metonym for the man’s descendants. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the descendants of Jacob, but I will rescue them from it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1986	30:8	h8gt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will break the yoke off your neck, and I will shatter your chains	Being a slave is spoken of as wearing a yoke like an animal and wearing chains like a prisoner. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1987	30:9	zlx4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	they will worship Yahweh their God & their king & over them	Yahweh continues speaking about the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “you will worship Yahweh your God … your king … over you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1988	30:9	qp76	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	David their king	This is a metonym for one of David’s descendants. Alternate translation: “a man descended from their King David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1989	30:10	ff1b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my servant Jacob & Israel	“Jacob” and “Israel” are the two names of the ancestor of the Israelites, and these names are metonyms for the Israelites. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob … you Israelite people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1990	30:10	ldb9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1991	30:10	gri4		do not be dismayed	Alternate translation: “do not be discouraged”
1992	30:10	anv7		For see, I am	Alternate translation: “Listen carefully while I tell you why: I am”
1993	30:10	t49p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	from the land of captivity	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word captivity, you can express the same idea with the noun “captive.” Alternate translation: “from the place where they were captives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1994	30:10	zir5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Jacob will return & he will be secure	Jacob’s name is a metonym for his descendants. Yahweh speaks to Jacob as if he were speaking to another person. You may need to make explicit to where Jacob will return. Alternate translation: “Jacob will return to his own land … he will be secure” or “The descendants of Jacob will return … they will be secure” or “You descendants of Jacob will return … you will be secure” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1995	30:10	f2gl		secure	Alternate translation: “safe”
1996	30:11	e618		where I have scattered you	Alternate translation: “where I have sent you”
1997	30:11	zng1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	But I will certainly not put an end to you	“But I will not completely destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1998	30:11	r6x7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	will certainly not leave you unpunished	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1999	30:12	fs7f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Your injury is incurable; your wound is infected	This means that Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2000	30:13	k22x		There is no one to plead your case	Alternate translation: “There is no one who asks me to show you mercy”
2001	30:13	bxy1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	no one to plead your case & no remedy for your wound	Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2002	30:14	v4ha	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	All of your lovers	Yahweh describes the people of Israel as an unfaithful wife who takes lovers other than her husband. Here “lovers” refers to other nations. The Israelites allied with them and worshiped their gods instead of relying on Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2003	30:14	a26m		They will not look for you	Alternate translation: “They no longer want to be your friends”
2004	30:14	rir2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I have wounded you with the wound of an enemy	Yahweh has treated his people like he would treat his enemy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2005	30:14	b768	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the discipline of a cruel master	Yahweh has treated his people like a cruel master would treat a rebellious slave. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2006	30:14	m2nq		your innumerable sins	Alternate translation: “your sins, which are too many to count”
2007	30:15	q12y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why do you call for help for your injury?	Yahweh asks a question here to make the people think about why they are asking him for help now. Alternate translation: “You are calling for help for your injury because you have disobeyed me.” or “Do not call for help for your injury.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2008	30:16	d7ma	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	So everyone who consumes you will be consumed	Destroying the nation is spoken of as consuming or eating it. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So those who destroy you, their enemies will destroy them” or “So I will destroy everyone who destroys you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2009	30:16	a2ze		have plundered & plunder	To plunder is to steal from peaceful people using violence, and plunder is what people steal.
2010	30:16	i8dj		despoiling & spoil	To despoil here is to take items from an enemy one has defeated, and the items one takes are the spoil.
2011	30:17	xdt5		healing & wounds	See how you translated these words in Jeremiah 30:12.
2012	30:17	wi66	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2013	30:17	bdr3		they called you: Outcast	An outcast is a person whom other people do not accept or allow to associate with them. Alternate translation: “they called you: Rejected” or “they said, ‘Nobody wants you’”
2014	30:17	sg4l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	No one cares for this Zion	The place name “Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in Zion. Alternate translation: “No one cares about the people of Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2015	30:18	bcm3		See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
2016	30:18	q3jx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob’s tents and have compassion on his homes	The places where people live are metonyms for the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “I am about bring back the fortunes of the descendants of Jacob, and I will have compassion on them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2017	30:18	c7w1		I am about to bring back the fortunes of Jacob’s tents	“I will cause things to go well for the people in Jacob’s tents again” or “I will cause the people in Jacob’s tents to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 29:14.
2018	30:18	di2a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Then a city will be built on the heap of ruins	This can be translated in active form. You may need to make explicit that the city they will build will be Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Then they will rebuild Jerusalem on its ruins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2019	30:19	rrl4		Then a song of praise and a sound of merriment will go out from them	Alternate translation: “Then they will sing songs of praise and joy”
2020	30:19	hbg1		for I will increase them and not diminish them	Alternate translation: “I will cause them to increase in number, not to become fewer”
2021	30:19	z7qu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	so they will not be humbled	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one will humble them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2022	30:20	tnn9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	their assembly will be established before me	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will establish them as a people before me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2023	30:21	nyu6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translates this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2024	30:23	u8p2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	See, the tempest of Yahweh, his fury, has gone out	This speaks of God’s anger and punishment as if it were a storm. This emphasizes his power and ability to destroy wicked people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2025	30:24	wc7x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	his heart’s intentions	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word intentions, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “intends.” The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “what he intends to do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2026	31:intro	r3ad			Jeremiah 31 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 31:1-6, 8-22, 35-37. The ULT sets 31:29 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is an important quotation. This chapter begins with a transition from the previous chapter. “At that time” is a reference to the day of restoration mentioned in Jeremiah 30:24. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) Special concepts in this chapter The new covenant This chapter is an important teaching regarding the new covenant. God will make a new covenant that will bring forgiveness of sins and a desire to obey God. Scholars disagree about whether this new covenant has begun. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Israel In this chapter, Jeremiah uses the term “Israel” in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole. He also uses it in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel and their people group.
2027	31:1	p3h6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2028	31:2	ht7e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The people who have survived the sword have found favor in the wilderness	The phrase “found favor” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “While the people who have survived the sword have been in the wilderness, I have had grace on them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2029	31:2	ml2j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	who have survived the sword	The word “sword” is a metonym for war. Alternate translation: “who have survived the war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2030	31:2	kc9p		wilderness; I will go out to give rest to Israel	Another possible meaning is “wilderness, where Israel went out to find rest.”
2031	31:3	egs4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh appeared to me	Jeremiah speaks of himself as if he were the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2032	31:3	rmr8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	I have drawn you toward myself with covenant faithfulness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word faithfulness, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “I have been faithful to my covenant and brought you near to me” or “I have faithfully loved you and brought you near to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2033	31:4	bv1q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	I will build you up again so you will be built	Yahweh purposefully repeats the idea that he will build Israel to emphasize it. If your language can only use active verbs and has some other way to emphasize the idea, you may want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I will build you up again. Remember this: I will build you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2034	31:4	bt11	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	virgin Israel	It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. However, “virgin” makes a person think about a young woman who has never married and so has never had the opportunity to be faithless to her husband. Therefore, calling Israel a virgin is an ironic use of language. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 18:13. Alternate translation: “Israel, who falsely pretends to be fully devoted to me” or “my faithless people Israel” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2035	31:4	v1aw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	tambourines	musical instruments with heads like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2036	31:7	n6rl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Shout & Shout & Let praise be heard & Say	Yahweh is speaking in an apostrophe to all people of the world, so these verbs are plural. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
2037	31:7	g2zs		the chief people of the nations	Alternate translation: “the most important people group of all the nations” or “the people group that is more important than any other”
2038	31:7	hu9h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Let praise be heard	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Cause everyone to hear your praise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2039	31:8	y2x1		See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
2040	31:8	jg4x		to bring them	Alternate translation: “to bring the Israelite people”
2041	31:9	ai7p		I will lead them as they make their pleas	Yahweh will lead them and they will be praying to Yahweh. Some ancient versions read, “Yahweh will lead them and will comfort them.”
2042	31:9	v75t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will be a father to Israel, and Ephraim will be my firstborn	Here “Ephraim” is another name for “Israel.” Alternate translation: “I will be like a father to the people of Israel, and they will be like my firstborn child” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2043	31:9	gg9d		my firstborn	The firstborn had special honor and responsibility.
2044	31:10	n8v4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	Hear & Report	Yahweh is speaking to the nations, so these verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
2045	31:10	dc3t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	The one who scattered Israel is gathering her up and keeping her	Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were someone else, and he speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a helpless woman. Alternate translation: “I caused my people Israel to be scattered among the nations, but now I am bringing them home and keeping them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2046	31:10	pyt3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	as a shepherd keeps his sheep	A shepherd cares for and protects his sheep, and Yahweh is promising to care for and protect the Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2047	31:11	t3xt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	For Yahweh has ransomed Jacob and has redeemed him from the hand that was too strong for him	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that it is Yahweh who has rescued the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh has rescued the people of Israel from their enemy who was too strong for them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2048	31:12	x6vs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	on the heights of Zion	“on Zion, the high place” or “on Mount Zion.” Being on top of a hill is a metaphor for being happy. If your language associates mountain tops with sadness, it would be best to leave out the metaphor. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2049	31:12	s2y2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like a watered garden	This means they will be strong and healthy, and they will prosper. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2050	31:12	d4iw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	they will never again feel any more sorrow	The world “never” is a generalization. The Israelites will almost always feel joy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2051	31:13	f4jc		I will change their mourning into celebration	The abstract nouns “mourning” and “celebration” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to mourn no longer but instead to celebrate” or “I will make it so they are no longer sad but happy”
2052	31:13	z18g		I will change	Alternate translation: “Yahweh will change”
2053	31:14	v9rm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	I will saturate the lives of the priests in abundance	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word abundance, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “many good things.” The lives of the priests are spoken of as if they were a field that would become completely wet when much rain falls on it. Life is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “I will give the priests all the good things they would like” or “I will satisfy the priests with good things” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2054	31:14	yp3m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2055	31:15	gfw6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	A voice is heard in Ramah	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hear a voice in Ramah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2056	31:15	qr6k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	It is Rachel weeping for her children	Rachel was the wife of Jacob/Israel and was the mother of the tribes of Joseph and Benjamin. Her name is a metonym for the women of Israel who are crying because the Babylonians have killed their children or taken them away. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2057	31:15	iel2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	She refuses to be comforted over them, for they live no longer	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “She will not let anyone comfort her, for her children are dead” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2058	31:16	sw6x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Hold your voice back from weeping and your eyes from tears	The voice and eyes are spoken of as if they were people whom Rachel needed to keep from moving. Alternate translation: “Stop weeping aloud and stop crying tears” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2059	31:16	m4pv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Hold your voice & your eyes & your work & your children	Yahweh is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to Rachel (Jeremiah 31:15), so all instances of “your” and the commands are singular. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2060	31:16	n1bx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	In both instances of this phrase, Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2061	31:17	v8ly	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	your future & your descendants	Yahweh is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to Rachel (Jeremiah 31:15), so all instances of “your” and the commands are singular. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2062	31:18	we7q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I have certainly heard Ephraim sorrowing	Ephraim was the ancestor of the largest tribe in Israel. His name is a metonym for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “I have certainly heard the descendants of Ephraim sorrowing” or “I have certainly heard the people of Israel sorrowing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2063	31:18	mfd1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	You punished me, and I have been punished	The speaker repeats the phrase to show either that Yahweh punished him severely or that Ephraim learned what Yahweh wanted to teach him through punishing him. The words “I have been punished” can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You punished me. Yes, you punished me severely” or “You punished me, and I learned from you when you punished me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2064	31:18	s9qf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	I have been punished like an untrained calf	When people train calves, they strike them and otherwise cause them to suffer. Yahweh had caused the people of Israel to suffer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2065	31:18	pay9		punished	Another possible meaning is “disciplined.”
2066	31:19	ip4s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I slapped my thigh	in grief. If people use a different phrase or action in your language to show that they are very sad, you may want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I rubbed my brow” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2067	31:19	p5xj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	I was ashamed and humiliated	The words “ashamed” and “humiliated” mean basically the same thing and intensify the idea of shame. Alternate translation: “I was completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2068	31:20	lm82	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is not Ephraim my precious child? Is he not my dear, delightful son?	Yahweh is speaking tenderly, trying to comfort the people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind these questionsas statements. Alternate translation: “Ephraim is my precious child. He is my dear, delightful son. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2069	31:20	y1a8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2070	31:21	t8m8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	Place road signs for yourself & Set up guideposts for yourself & Set your mind & you should take & Come back	These commands and instances of “yourself” and “your” and “you” are addressed to “virgin Israel” and so are singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
2071	31:21	kbs3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Come back, virgin Israel!	God is referring to a changed Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2072	31:22	w4vz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How long will you waver, faithless daughter?	Yahweh is telling his people that he is becoming impatient with them because they are not obeying him. Alternate translation: “Do not hesitate to start obeying me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2073	31:22	ix8p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	waver	This could mean: (1) be unable to decide what to do or (2) often go off the correct path, a metaphor for disobeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2074	31:22	gt15	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	new on earth—a woman surrounds a strong man	This could mean: (1) the people will be so safe that women will not need anyone to protect them or (2) this is an idiom for something no one would ever expect. Alternate translation: “new on earth—something as strange as a woman protecting a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2075	31:23	i697		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2076	31:23	glu1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the people	Here this refers to the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2077	31:23	v46w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	May Yahweh bless you, you righteous place where he lives, you holy mountain	Jerusalem is on the top of a hill, and the temple was built at the highest point in Jerusalem. AT; “May Yahweh bless those who live in Jerusalem with Yahweh, where his temple is” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2078	31:23	w9bz		you holy mountain	Mount Zion, where the temple had stood
2079	31:24	w96e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Judah and all its cities will live together there	The name of the man Judah is a metonym for the land on which his descendants, the people of the tribe of Judah, live, and the cities of Judah are spoken of as if they were the family of the man Judah, all of them living “there,” in the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “it will be as if the land were a house in which Judah lived with his family” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2080	31:24	r4wa		as will farmers and those who set out with flocks	Alternate translation: “and farmers and those who set out with flocks will also live there”
2081	31:24	ycz6		those who set out with flocks	people who take care of sheep and goats
2082	31:26	fc1y		had been refreshing	Alternate translation: “had refreshed me”
2083	31:27	nmn8		Look	Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
2084	31:27	hzy4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	days are coming & when I will sow	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in Jeremiah 7:32. Alternate translation: “in the future … I will sow” or “there will be a time … when I will sow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2085	31:27	u22q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2086	31:27	h4zz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will sow the houses of Israel and Judah with the descendants of man and beast	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the people of Israel and the people of Judah. The house in turn is spoken of as if it were a field in which Yahweh would sow seed, and the people and the animals they raise for food, milk, and skins are spoken of as if they are that seed. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Israel and Judah to become many people with many animals” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2087	31:28	k8da		I kept them under surveillance in order to uproot them	Alternate translation: “looked for ways to uproot them”
2088	31:28	i6nn		uproot & tear them down & overthrow & destroy	See how you translated these ideas in Jeremiah 1:9.
2089	31:28	ha61	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in order to build them up and to plant them	Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a house or a food crop. Alternate translation: “in order to make them strong and many” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2090	31:29	h14f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	Fathers have eaten sour grapes, but the children’s teeth are dulled	These words are a proverb that Jeremiah heard people say when they were complaining that Yahweh was punishing children for the sins of their fathers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
2091	31:29	cx2i		sour grapes	This could mean: (1) grapes with too much acid in them or (2) grapes that are not ripe. If grapes are not part of your culture, you may want to use a general word for fruit.
2092	31:29	ic1b		teeth are dulled	Use the common words in your language for how people’s mouths feel when they eat sour or unripe fruit.
2093	31:30	uyf9		For each man will die in his own iniquity	Alternate translation: “For each man will die because of his own sins”
2094	31:30	pl7f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	everyone who eats sour grapes, his teeth will be dulled	Jeremiah restates the proverb so that it now means people will suffer as a consequence of their own behaviors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
2095	31:31	tl76		Look	Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am going to tell you”
2096	31:31	kz1m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	days are coming & when I will establish	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in Jeremiah 7:32. Alternate translation: “in the future … I will establish” or “there will be a time … when I will establish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2097	31:31	wtb3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2098	31:31	d1xu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2099	31:31	q554	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2100	31:32	nqk6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I took them by their hand	as a loving husband would hold the hand of his wife as they walk (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2101	31:33	j6dq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2102	31:33	bkt8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2103	31:33	bf4z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	I will place my law within them and will write it on their heart	These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh’s law will become a part of them, rather than merely written on stone. Here “heart” represents “emotions” or “mind.” Alternate translation: “My law will be part of their thoughts and emotions” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2104	31:34	qvg2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	from the smallest of them to the greatest	This phrase refers to every person, from the least important to the most important. Alternate translation: “every single one of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2105	31:36	l19t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	Only if these permanent things vanish & will Israel’s descendants ever stop from forever being a nation	This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. Alternate translation: “These permanent things will never vanish … and Israel’s descendants will never stop from forever being a nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2106	31:36	rfl3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2107	31:37	z5ud	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	Only if the highest heavens can be measured, and only if the earth’s foundation below can be discovered, will I reject all of Israel’s descendants	This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. Alternate translation: “The highest heavens can never be measured, and the earth’s foundation below can never be discovered, and I will never reject all of Israel’s descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2108	31:37	yx41	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	the highest heavens & earth’s foundation	These phrases refer to the whole of creation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2109	31:37	ejs7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the earth’s foundation below can be discovered	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone can dig all the way down to the earth’s foundation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2110	31:37	p28t		foundation below	“deepest part.” The “foundation” is the part of a house on which every other part rests.
2111	31:37	l43y		reject	throw away or refuse to take
2112	31:37	j9cp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2113	31:38	s6ck	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	days are coming & when the city will be rebuilt	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in Jeremiah 7:32. Alternate translation: “in the future … the city will be rebuilt” or “there will be a time … when the city will be rebuilt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2114	31:38	nfv8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2115	31:38	g1l1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the city will be rebuilt for me	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will rebuild the city for me” or “I will have them rebuild the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2116	31:38	nd1w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tower of Hananel & Corner Gate	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2117	31:39	pz74	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	hill of Gareb & Goah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2118	31:40	bf2f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The whole valley & will be set apart for Yahweh	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will set apart the whole valley … for me” or “I will have them make the whole valley … holy for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2119	31:40	z7hx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kidron Valley & Horse Gate	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2120	31:40	j8yq		set apart	Alternate translation: “made holy”
2121	31:40	gu9q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The city will not be pulled up or overthrown again	The city is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone could pull out of the ground or a building that someone could break down. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow anyone to pull up or overthrow the city again” or “No one will tear the city down or destroy it again” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2122	32:intro	vcw6			Jeremiah 32 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The king should have listened to the prophet Jeremiah and repented of his sin. Instead, he objected to his message. Yahweh punished him because of this. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Israel The term “Israel” is used exclusively in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole in this chapter.
2123	32:1	xs6y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is the word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh	This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:2 Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2124	32:1	mul1		in the tenth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar	Alternate translation: “after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than nine years and Nebuchadnezzar had been king for more than seventeen years”
2125	32:2	nkx2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Jeremiah the prophet was imprisoned	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they were keeping Jeremiah as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2126	32:2	fp96	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Jeremiah the prophet was imprisoned	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2127	32:2	ke5d		the courtyard of the guard at the house of the king of Judah	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners.
2128	32:3	ih69	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Zedekiah king of Judah had imprisoned him	It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Zedekiah do this. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2129	32:3	p2a2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	had imprisoned him	Here “him” refers to Jeremiah. It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2130	32:3	x9qt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why do you prophesy and say	Zekekiah uses a question to rebuke Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “It is wrong for you to continue prophesying and saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2131	32:3	sd28	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I am about to give over this city into the hand of the king of Babylon	Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that one person could give to another. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I am about to put this city under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I am about to allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with this city” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2132	32:3	r41w		he will capture it	It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people would help the king of Babylon take control of the city.
2133	32:4	ymp7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he will certainly be given into the hand of the king of Babylon	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will certainly put him under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2134	32:4	jf8a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	His mouth will speak to the king’s mouth, and his eyes will see the king’s eyes	Here “mouth” and “eyes” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “Zedekiah himself will see and directly speak with Nebuchadnezzar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2135	32:5	h4hy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2136	32:5	q8rv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	you fight	Here “you” is plural and refers to the people in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2137	32:6	bkt2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Jeremiah said	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2138	32:6	js77	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word of Yahweh came to me, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘Look” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘Look” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2139	32:7	d1sv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	‘Look, Hanamel son of Shallum your uncle is coming to you and will say, “Buy my field that is in Anathoth for yourself, for the right to buy it belongs to you.”’”	The long quotation that begins with the words “The word of Yahweh” in verse 6 ends here. You may translate this as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah said that the word of Yahweh had come to him and told him that Hanamel son of Shallum his uncle was coming to him and would tell him to buy his uncle’s field that was in Anathoth for himself, for the right to buy it belonged to Jeremiah.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2140	32:7	z5u4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hanamel & Shallum	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2141	32:7	ane1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Anathoth	This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2142	32:8	t71a		the courtyard of the guard	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2143	32:9	f1zz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	seventeen shekels	A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “17 shekels” or “187 grams” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2144	32:10	yj4l		in a scroll and sealed it, and had witnesses witness it	This refers to the deed that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm that Jeremiah had purchased this land.
2145	32:10	mbq3		had witnesses witness it	Alternate translation: “had people watch me purchase the land so they could tell others that I had purchased the land”
2146	32:11	npr2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	that was sealed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I sealed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2147	32:11	sh86		unsealed deed	Alternate translation: “opened copy” or “the deed that did not have a seal on it”
2148	32:12	ta8p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Baruch & Neriah & Mahseiah	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2149	32:12	f3bq		the courtyard of the guard	The open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2150	32:13	i63i		before them	Here “them” refers to Hanamel, the witnesses, and the Judeans.
2151	32:14	la2y		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2152	32:15	g6gc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Houses, fields, and vineyards will again be bought in this land	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel will buy houses, vineyards and fields again in this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2153	32:16	puz1		the receipt of purchase	This means the sealed scroll and the unsealed scroll.
2154	32:17	xs6m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Woe, Lord Yahweh! Look!	The word “woe” here indicates that in this prayer Jeremiah is sad, complaining or lamenting. The word “look” here indicates that the next words are an introduction or background for the most important part of the prayer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2155	32:17	r8xl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	by your great strength and with your raised arm	The phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the words “your great strength” and “your raised arm” form a doublet. Alternate translation: “by your great power” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2156	32:18	zsm3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	You show covenant faithfulness to thousands	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word faithfulness, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “You are faithful to your covenant towards thousands” or “You keep your promise and faithfully love thousands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2157	32:18	cd54	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	pour the guilt of men into the laps of their children after them	The word “guilt” is a metonym for Yahweh punishing people because they are guilty of doing evil things. Yahweh punishing people is spoken of as if he were pouring a large container full of liquid or small objects into people’s laps as they sit. Alternate translation: “you punish children for the sins of their parents” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2158	32:19	zh7i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for your eyes are open to all the ways of people	Open eyes are a metonym for what the person sees. How a person lives is spoken of as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “You see everything that people do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2159	32:19	jhc8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	to give to each man what his conduct and deeds deserve	The abstract nouns “conduct” and “deeds,” which are similar in meaning, can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and will reward everyone according to how good or evil the things they do are” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2160	32:20	ff83		You did signs and wonders in the land of Egypt	This refers to an event in the past when God used his power to free the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt.
2161	32:20	txa5		To this present day	Alternate translation: “To this day”
2162	32:20	v54d		among all mankind	Alternate translation: “among all people”
2163	32:20	nuz1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you have made your name famous	Here “name” refers to God’s reputation. Alternate translation: “you have made yourself famous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2164	32:21	yz8j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	with a strong hand, with a raised arm	The phrase “strong hand” is a metonym for strength, and the phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the phrases “strong hand” and “raised arm” form a doublet. Alternate translation: “by your great strength” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2165	32:22	zm76		gave them	Alternate translation: “gave the people of Israel”
2166	32:22	m6c3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	land flowing with milk and honey	“land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 11:5. Alternate translation: “land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2167	32:23	j41s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	But they did not obey your voice	The voice is a metonym for the message the speaker gives. Alternate translation: “But they did not obey what you said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2168	32:24	r8nr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The siege mounds have reached up to the city to capture it	The large piles of dirt and rocks that the enemy built around the city so they could stand on them and attack it are spoken of as if they were the attackers themselves reaching out to capture the city. Alternate translation: “The enemy’s seige mounds are so close to the city that the enemy will be able to capture the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2169	32:24	y1cb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	because of sword	The word “sword” is a metonym for war, where soldiers use swords. Alternate translation: “because soldiers will attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2170	32:24	b3n7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	famine, and plague	These abstract nouns can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people have no food to eat, and everyone is weak from being ill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2171	32:24	p2wr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the city has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans	Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have given Jerusalem to the Chaldean army” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2172	32:24	l673		happening, and see, you are watching	Alternate translation: “happening, as you can see very well”
2173	32:25	v7a7		have witnesses witness it	Alternate translation: “have people watch you purchase the land so they can tell others that you have purchased the land”
2174	32:25	fl8j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	this city is being given	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am giving this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2175	32:26	m8wk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2176	32:26	m9gx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	came to Jeremiah	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2177	32:27	v6cp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is anything too difficult for me to do?	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can do anything. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Nothing is too difficult for me to do.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2178	32:28	dcf6		See, I am about to give	Alternate translation: “Listen carefully! I am the one who will give”
2179	32:28	fb9t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	give this city into the hand of the Chaldeans	Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that he could put into a person’s hand. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand puts into action. Alternate translation: “put this city under the power of the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2180	32:29	s7dq		in order to provoke me	Alternate translation: “so that I would become very angry”
2181	32:30	r5j3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	doing evil before my eyes	Here the metonym “eyes” represents what God sees. This could mean: (1) “doing what I consider evil” or (2) “doing evil knowing that I am watching” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2182	32:30	e1kb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	since their youth	A person being young is a metaphor for the people of Israel first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from the time they were young” or “from the time that they became a nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2183	32:30	qwp4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2184	32:31	fxx2		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
2185	32:31	u2mt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	this city has been a provocation of my wrath and fury since the day that they built it	Here “city” is a metonym for the people that live there. The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem have made me very angry since the day they built their city” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2186	32:31	bcj1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	has been a provocation of	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word provocation, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “has been something that has provoked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2187	32:31	v1l3		It has been that right up to this present day	Alternate translation: “They continue to make me angry even now”
2188	32:31	hn3i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	from before my face	The face is a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “from my presence” or “completely” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2189	32:33	tx7l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	They turned their backs to me instead of their faces	One turns one’s face to someone to show that one is listening, and one’s back to show that one refuses to listen. Alternate translation: “Instead of listening carefully to me, they refused to listen at all” or “They refused to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2190	32:33	lg6f		to receive correction	Alternate translation: “to learn how to act correctly”
2191	32:34	k9ry		their abominable idols	Alternate translation: “their idols which I hate”
2192	32:34	jn46	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the house that is called by my name	Here “name” represents Yahweh. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2193	32:35	cau1		Valley of Ben Hinnom	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:31.
2194	32:35	x89j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	It never entered my mind	Here “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “I never thought at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2195	32:36	y1ua	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	which you are saying	Here “you” is plural. This could mean: (1) this refers to Jeremiah and those with him, or (2) it refers to all the people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2196	32:36	ag2w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	It is given into the hand of the king of Babylon	Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the king of Babylon” or “Yahweh has given the king of Babylon the power to rule it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2197	32:37	j7yh		to gather them	Alternate translation: “to gather my people”
2198	32:37	d9i7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	wrath, fury, and great anger	All three words mean the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “extreme anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2199	32:37	h1sp		in security	Alternate translation: “where they are safe”
2200	32:39	q5cb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	one heart and one way to honor me	The people of Israel will want to work together to honor Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2201	32:40	f7yh		an everlasting covenant	Alternate translation: “eternal agreement”
2202	32:40	xt5h		will not turn away from doing good	Alternate translation: “stop doing good”
2203	32:40	w44d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will set honor for me in their hearts	Honor is spoken of as if it were a solid object put in a container from which no one can remove it. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to always honor me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2204	32:40	r8jy		so that they will never turn away from me	Alternate translation: “so that they will never stop obeying and worshiping me”
2205	32:41	diu3		doing good to them	Here “them” refers to the people of Israel.
2206	32:41	rwm9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will faithfully plant them in this land	Yahweh speaks of having his people live in the land forever as if he were planting plants in a garden. Alternate translation: “I will permanently settle the Israelites in this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2207	32:41	j5ie	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	with all my heart and all my life	Together, these two phrases form an idiomatic expression that refers to a person’s entire being. Alternate translation: “with all that I am” or “wholeheartedly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2208	32:42	sj3m		I have brought all this great disaster on this people, so I will bring on them all the good things	Alternate translation: “I have caused all these bad things to happen to this people, and now I will cause the good things to happen to them”
2209	32:43	qct6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Then fields will be bought in this land	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then people will buy fields in this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2210	32:43	s9q4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	you are saying	Here “you” refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2211	32:43	mhj8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	It has been given into the hand of the Chaldeans	Here “hand” is a metonym for power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the Chaldeans” or “Yahweh has given the Chaldeans power over it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2212	32:44	ytf6		write in sealed scrolls. They will assemble witnesses	The “sealed scrolls” are the deeds that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm the purchase.
2213	32:44	tg5c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2214	33:intro	vtz5			Jeremiah 33 General Notes Structure and formatting Covenant faithfulness Despite the great punishment Judah is facing and Israel has undergone, there is hope. This hope is based in the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh. Ultimately, he will restore his people. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
2215	33:1	zhp8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	General Information: See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
2216	33:1	rj9y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah a second time, while he was & guard, saying,	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:13. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah a second time, while Jeremiah was … guard. He said,” or “While Jeremiah was … guard, Yahweh spoke this second message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2217	33:1	wa3r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	came to Jeremiah	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2218	33:1	k2z4		he was still shut within	Alternate translation: “he was still a prisoner in”
2219	33:1	fe41		the courtyard of the guard	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2220	33:2	hz5q		who forms in order to establish	who creates things so he can make them exist forever
2221	33:4	g9p1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	that are torn down because of the siege ramps and the sword	This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) the people tore the houses down to make walls to defend against the Chaldeans. Alternate translation: “that the people have torn down to defend against the siege ramps and the sword” or (2) Alternate translation: “the houses that the Chaldeans have torn down to make siege ramps so they can make war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2222	33:4	u2ec	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the sword	This is a metonym for people dying violently when soldiers kill with swords. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2223	33:5	lp8r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	in my wrath and fury	The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “in my extreme wrath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2224	33:5	czm7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	I hide my face	Yahweh is represented by his “face.” This phrase shows Yahweh’s displeasure with the city. Alternate translation: “I have turned away from you” or “I am no longer concerned with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2225	33:7	z3sl		I will bring back the fortunes of Judah and Israel	“I will cause things to go well for Judah and Israel again” or “I will cause Judah and Israel to live well again.” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 29:14.
2226	33:9	l5i7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	this city & do for it & give to it	The city is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “the people who live in this city … do for the people who live there … give to the people who live there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2227	33:9	t8ug	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a song of praise and honor for all the nations of the earth	The word “song” is a metonym for the object about which people will sing the song. Alternate translation: “something about which all the people groups of the earth will sing songs of praise and honor to me, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2228	33:9	l75s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	they will fear and tremble	The hendiadys “fear and tremble” can be translated by a single verb. Alternate translation: “they will tremble with fear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2229	33:9	i3fz		fear	Another possible meaning is “awe.”
2230	33:9	vmq7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	because of all the good things and the peace that I will give to it	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word peace, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because of all the good things that I will give to it and because I will cause it to be peaceful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2231	33:10	k7wb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	It is desolate, a place with neither man nor beast,” in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem that are desolate having neither man nor beast	These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Judah has become desolate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2232	33:11	gf2i		the house of Yahweh	the temple in Jerusalem
2233	33:11	pi42	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will restore the fortunes of the land	The word “land” is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Alternate translation: “I will again cause things to go well for the people who live on the land” or “I will cause the people who live on the land to live well again” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 29:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2234	33:11	cg2k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	to what they were before	This refers to the time before the exile to Babylon. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “to what they were before I sent the Israelites into exile in Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2235	33:12	aqm5		Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2236	33:13	w446	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the flocks will again pass under the hands of the ones counting them	This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his hand. Alternate translation: “shepherds will again count their sheep as the sheep walk by” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2237	33:14	z61y		Look	Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
2238	33:14	rc5u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Days are coming & when I will do	Future time is spoken of as if the “Days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in Jeremiah 7:32. Alternate translation: “In the future … I will do” or “There will be a time … when I will do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2239	33:14	jj5h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2240	33:14	ed3q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2241	33:14	r2n7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2242	33:14	fsd5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Judah	This is a metonym for the people who live in Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2243	33:15	y4wd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	In those days and in that time	The phrase “in that time” means the same thing as, and intensifies the phrase “In those days.” Alternate translation: “In those very days” or “At that very time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2244	33:15	hd8c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will make a righteous branch to grow for David	Yahweh speaks of a descendant of David as if he were a branch off of a tree trunk. Alternate translation: “I will cause a righteous man to come from and bring glory to the line of David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2245	33:15	c2sm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the land	the nation of Israel (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2246	33:16	yng7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Judah & Jerusalem	These towns’ names are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah … the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2247	33:16	sr7d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Judah will be saved	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will save Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2248	33:16	q5ei		Jerusalem will live in security	Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be safe from their enemies”
2249	33:16	x44h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	this is what she will be called	Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the town were a woman. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “this is what they will call her” or “this is what I will call the town” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2250	33:17	lnb8		A man from David’s line will never be lacking	Alternate translation: “There will always be a man from David’s line”
2251	33:17	d7da		A man from David’s line	a male descendant of King David
2252	33:17	pqu6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to sit on the throne of the house of Israel	The throne is a metonym for the king. Alternate translation: “to be king over the house of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2253	33:17	eml3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2254	33:18	g9nx		nor will a man from the Levitical priests be lacking before me to raise burnt offerings	Alternate translation: “and there will always be a man from the Levitical priests to raise burnt offerings”
2255	33:18	i89e		raise burnt offerings	Alternate translation: “offer burnt offerings”
2256	33:19	w4dw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2257	33:19	j1gw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	to Jeremiah	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2258	33:20	s39s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh says	Yahweh is speaking of himself here. Alternate translation: “I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2259	33:20	f1mt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	If you can break & proper times	These words begin a hypothetical statement that describe a situation that will never occur. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2260	33:21	u6sr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	then you will be able to break my covenant with David my servant	The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If you can break my covenant … times,” in verse 20 ends here. No one can change day and night, and no one can change God’s covenant with David. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot break my covenant … times, so you know that you will never be able to break my covenant with David my servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2261	33:21	x13t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to sit on his throne	The throne is a metonym for the king who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “to rule the kingdom I have given to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2262	33:22	xip8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	As the hosts of heaven cannot be counted, and as the sand of the seashores cannot be measured, so I will increase the descendants of David my servant and the Levites who serve before me	No one can count the stars in the sky or the sand on the seashore, and no one will be able to count the descendants of David and Levi who serve Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2263	33:23	ufu8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2264	33:23	liq9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	to Jeremiah	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2265	33:24	wv8q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Have you not considered what this people has declared when they said, ‘The & them’?	Yahweh wants Jeremiah to think deeply about what the people have said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have noticed what this people are really saying when they said, ‘The … them.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2266	33:24	k7ki		In this way they despise my people, saying & sight	Alternate translation: “What they are really saying is that my people are worthless and that my people will never again be a nation.”
2267	33:24	yua9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my people & are no longer a nation in their sight	Sight is a metonym for thinking. Alternate translation: “they no longer think of my people as a nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2268	33:25	j74f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	If I have not established & and if I have not fixed	This is the beginning of a hypothetical statement that describes a situation that Yahweh never expects to be true.(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2269	33:26	x6zy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo		The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If I have not established the covenant” in verse 25 ends here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2270	33:26	w9mt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	then I will reject & and not bring	The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If I have not established the covenant” in verse 25 ends here. This is a situation that Yahweh never expects to be true. Alternate translation: “I have established the covenant … so I will never reject … and I will bring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2271	33:26	z156		I will restore their fortunes	“I will cause things to go well for them again” or “I will cause them to live well again” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 29:14.
2272	33:26	e4m9		show mercy to	Translate as “have compassion on” is translated in (Jeremiah 30:18).
2273	34:intro	vkt9			Jeremiah 34 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Law of Moses According to the law of Moses, the people were required to free their indebted slaves after a period of time. The king led them in freeing their fellow Israelites whom they held as slaves, but later they changed their minds and enslaved them again. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Actions with cultural meaning When the people of Israel made a sacred promise to God, they cut a calf in two and passed between its parts. It was a very serious sin not to do what one had promised. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2274	34:1	z8xz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, when Nebuchadnezzar & her cities, saying:	This idiom “The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 7:1, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah when Nebuchadnezzar … her cities. He said,” or “When Nebuchadnezzar … her cities, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2275	34:1	d4fn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	to Jeremiah	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name in this chapter. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2276	34:1	p1vd		waging war	Alternate translation: “fighting”
2277	34:1	qc7b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all of her cities	This refers to all the towns around Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2278	34:2	g3l2		to give this city	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:28
2279	34:2	b3et	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	into the hand of the king of Babylon	Here the word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “under the control of the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2280	34:3	x3cf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	You will not escape from his hand	Here the word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “You will not escape from his control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2281	34:3	w4mj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	you will certainly be seized and given	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians will certainly seize you and give you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2282	34:4	uht1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	You will not die by the sword.	The word “sword” is a metonym for dying in war. Alternate translation: “You will not die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2283	34:5	xn8v		the funeral burning of your ancestors	The people would burn spices in honor of people who had recently died. They did not burn the dead people’s bodies.
2284	34:5	x2la	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2285	34:7	lw71	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Lachish and Azekah	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2286	34:7	r9p7		These cities of Judah remained as fortified cities	Alternate translation: “the only fortified cities of Judah that the Babylonians had not yet captured”
2287	34:8	r2u9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. However, the actual message does not begin until Jeremiah 34:12. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 7:1. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2288	34:8	pb27		word	message
2289	34:8	us2n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	after King Zedekiah had made a covenant & freedom to them	These words begin to provide background information to events that will be described later. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2290	34:9	ka4p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	that each man & his brother	The background information that begins with the words “after King Zedekiah had made a covenant” in verse 8 ends here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2291	34:10	l3j5		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues giving the background information that began in Jeremiah 34:8.
2292	34:12	jbq2		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: Jeremiah resumes the story from Jeremiah 34:8 after the background information of Jeremiah 34:8-Jeremiah 11.
2293	34:12	pf6k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Yahweh” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah: ‘Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2294	34:13	b8wy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	house of slavery	This is an idiom. “place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2295	34:14	x834		each man must send away his brother, his fellow Hebrew who had sold himself to you and served you	Alternate translation: “each of you must free any fellow Hebrews who sold themselves to you and have been your slaves”
2296	34:14	jnm6		Send him away in freedom	Alternate translation: “You must let them be free from serving you”
2297	34:14	gs8l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	did not & incline their ears to me	To incline the ear, to lean the head toward the speaker so as to hear better, is a metonym for paying attention to what the speaker is saying. Alternate translation: “did not … pay attention to what I said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2298	34:15	ryr7		Now you yourselves repented	Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2299	34:15	re32	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	right in my eyes	“Eyes” here is a metonym for someone’s opinion or idea. Alternate translation: “what I consider to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2300	34:15	x4yg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the house that is called by my name	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2301	34:16	r5d6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	turned and polluted my name	A person’s name is a metonym for what people think of him. Alternate translation: “stopped doing what was right and did evil things that have made people think that I am evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2302	34:17	n7sg		So look!	Alternate translation: “Listen!” or “Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you!”
2303	34:17	b72s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	I am about to proclaim freedom to you & freedom for the sword, the plague, and famine	Jeremiah uses irony to say that the “freedom” the people will enjoy will actually be suffering. Alternate translation: “I will proclaim misery to you … misery from the sword, the plague, and famine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2304	34:17	h19u		proclaim freedom to you	Alternate translation: “proclaim that you are free”
2305	34:17	n2mw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2306	34:17	vx6q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	sword	This is a metonym for soldiers who carry swords. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers to kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2307	34:17	eyz6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	am going to make you a horrible thing in the sight of every kingdom on earth	Here “sight” represents judgment or evaluation. The word “kingdom” is a metonym for the people who live in the kingdom. Alternate translation: “I am going to make the people in every kingdom on earth think that you are horrible” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2308	34:18	r9sg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	when they cut a bull & walked between its parts	These words begin to describe how the people established the covenant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2309	34:18	cec2		established before me	Alternate translation: “agreed to with me” or “established while I was watching”
2310	34:19	lhx2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	and then the leaders & walked between the parts of the bull	The description of how the people established the covenant that began with the words “when they cut” in verse 18 ends here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2311	34:20	xu7g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will give them into the hand of their enemies	The word “hand” here is a metonym for the power or control that the enemies will exercise using their hands. AT; “I will allow their enemies to have complete control over them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2312	34:20	gan7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	seeking their lives	This is a polite way to say that they wanted to kill them. Alternate translation: “seeking to kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2313	34:20	sjp1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	into the hand of their enemies	Here the word “hands” represents control. Alternate translation: “to be conquered by their enemies” or “over to the control of their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2314	34:21	wl9t		risen up	Alternate translation: “come to fight”
2315	34:22	ug2t		bring them	bring the Babylonian armies
2316	35:intro	jt1x			Jeremiah 35 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The Rechabites The actions of the Rechabites contrasted with the actions of the Jews. The Rechabites obeyed the commands their ancestor had give while living in Canaan, but Judah did not obey Yahweh’s commands. Because the Rechabites were obedient, Yahweh preserved their clan. The Rechabites’ history is found in the book of Judges.
2317	35:1	pt2v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh in the days & of Judah, saying,	The idiom “The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in the days … of Judah. He said,” or “In the days … of Judah, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2318	35:1	x1f1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	to Jeremiah	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2319	35:2	t4d9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Rekabites	This is a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2320	35:2	dr1g		my house	the temple
2321	35:3	c47f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jaazaniah & Habazziniah	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2322	35:4	kb1e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hanan & Igdaliah & Maaseiah & Shallum	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2323	35:5	lxe8		Rekabites	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 35:2.
2324	35:6	plf8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jonadab & Rekab	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2325	35:7	ah95		live many days in the land	“live many years in the land.” “Days” refers to the span of time.
2326	35:8	ki9k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the voice of Jonadab	The word “voice” is a metonym for the command that Jonadab spoke. Alternate translation: “the command of Jonadab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2327	35:8	zh8r		all of our days	“as long as we live.” “Days” refers to the span of time.
2328	35:12	icr4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah, saying,	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Yahweh” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah: ‘Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2329	35:12	lq6r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	to Jeremiah	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2330	35:13	ba4f		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2331	35:13	z2wy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will you not receive correction and listen to my words?	Yahweh is telling Israel to listen carefully to his rebuke. Alternate translation: “You must certainly receive this correction and listen to my words.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2332	35:13	s8s7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2333	35:14	k1yp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The words of Jonadab son of Rekab that he gave to his sons as a command, not to drink any wine, have been observed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The sons of Jonadab son of Rekab have observed their father’s command to not drink wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2334	35:14	mr7f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jonadab & Rekab	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2335	35:15	k88i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	let no one walk any longer after other gods	Walking after a god is a metaphor for obeying the laws of that god. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2336	35:17	xqh5		Look	This word tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows.
2337	35:18	a9b9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Jeremiah said	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2338	35:18	ijd5		Rekabites	This is the name of the people group. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 35:2.
2339	35:18	i21g		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2340	35:18	nqf5		Jonadab	a man’s name. See how you translated it in Jeremiah 35:5.
2341	35:19	ehq6		Jonadab & Rekab	These are the names of men. See how you translated these in Jeremiah 35:5.
2342	36:intro	f643			Jeremiah 36 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Opposition to Jeremiah Jeremiah wrote God’s prophesies on a scroll but the king burned it. It is possible that this action was intended to be understood as representing the definitiveness of these prophecies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
2343	36:1	w23y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	General Information: See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
2344	36:1	a3lh		It came about	“It happened.” This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2345	36:1	v3ak	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	in the fourth year of Jehoiakim & king of Judah	Jehoiakim had been king of Judah for more than three years. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 25:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2346	36:1	tg7j		that this word	The phrase “this word” refers to the message that follows.
2347	36:1	dr12	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	to Jeremiah	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2348	36:1	knl3		he said	Alternate translation: “Yahweh said”
2349	36:2	wmr2		every nation	Alternate translation: “all of the nations”
2350	36:2	ym8v		I have told from	Alternate translation: “I have told you from”
2351	36:2	k9kn		from the days of Josiah until this very day	Alternate translation: “from the time Josiah was king until today”
2352	36:3	iuw6		Perhaps the people	Alternate translation: “It is possible that the people”
2353	36:3	vkj1		to bring on them	Alternate translation: “to cause to happen to them”
2354	36:3	yk1m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	his wicked way	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 18:11. Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2355	36:3	s9uw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	forgive their iniquity and their sin	The words “iniquity” and “sin” are metonyms for the persons who commit iniquity and sin. Alternate translation: “forgive them for their iniquity and their sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2356	36:4	ff7m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Jeremiah called & at Jeremiah’s dictation & to him	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I called … at my dictation … to me … I gave … I said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2357	36:4	d5mh		Baruch wrote in a scroll, at Jeremiah’s dictation, all the words of Yahweh spoken to him	Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote in a scroll all of Yahweh’s words that Yahweh had spoken to Jeremiah”
2358	36:5	l4t5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Jeremiah gave & He said	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I called … at my dictation … to me … I gave … I said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2359	36:6	j3tt		read from the scroll	Alternate translation: “read out loud from the scroll” or “proclaim from the scroll”
2360	36:6	e6rd		must read	Alternate translation: “must read out loud” or “must proclaim”
2361	36:6	y6ch		in the hearing of the people in his house	“so that the people in Yahweh’s house can hear them.” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 2:2.
2362	36:6	ywi1		in the hearing of all of Judah who have come from their cities	“so all the people of Judah who have come from their cities can hear them.” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 2:2.
2363	36:7	jiw4		Perhaps their pleas	Alternate translation: “It is possible that their pleas”
2364	36:7	a6dv		their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh	Alternate translation: “Yahweh will hear them plead for mercy and do as they ask”
2365	36:7	xtz1		their pleas for mercy	The word “their” refers to the people in the house of Yahweh and the people of Judah who had come to the house of Yahweh from their cities.
2366	36:7	kqx8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	from his wicked way	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 18:11. Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2367	36:7	p71z		the wrath and fury	Alternate translation: “the anger and rage”
2368	36:9	tvk8		It came about	See how you translated this phrase in Jeremiah 36:1.
2369	36:9	fa5n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	in the fifth year and ninth month of Jehoiakim & king of Judah	This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. “after Jehoiakim … had been king of Judah for more than four years, during the ninth month” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2370	36:9	mf4x		of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah	See how you translated this phrase in Jeremiah 25:1.
2371	36:9	ywy2		proclaimed a fast	Alternate translation: “told everyone that they were going to fast”
2372	36:10	v96d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Jeremiah’s words	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2373	36:10	g1m5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gemariah son of Shaphan	This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2374	36:10	t8dv		the scribe	Alternate translation: “who was a scribe”
2375	36:10	x7c1		by the gate of the entrance to the house of Yahweh	Alternate translation: “in the entrance of the new gate of the house of Yahweh”
2376	36:10	hp8u		He did this	He read aloud Jeremiah’s words.
2377	36:10	snx3		in the hearing of all the people	“where all the people could hear him.” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 2:2.
2378	36:11	f91c		Now	Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2379	36:11	wey5		Micaiah son of Gemariah son of Shaphan	Alternate translation: “Micaiah who was the son of Gemariah, who was the son of Shaphan”
2380	36:11	sn4i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Micaiah	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2381	36:11	v211	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gemariah son of Shaphan	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 36:10. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2382	36:12	kl3c		Look	Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am going to say”
2383	36:12	v5np	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Elishama & Delaiah	These are names of people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2384	36:12	z6c7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shemaiah	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 26:20. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2385	36:12	tbc8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Elnathan son of Akbor	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 26:22. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2386	36:12	f6nh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zedekiah	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:3. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2387	36:12	b566	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hananiah	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 28:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2388	36:12	f2b4		all the officials	Alternate translation: “all of the other officials”
2389	36:13	c2d3		Micaiah	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 36:11.
2390	36:13	q1an		reported to them	The word “them” refers to officials in Jeremiah 36:12.
2391	36:13	xx8s		in the hearing of the people	“so that the people could hear” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 2:2.
2392	36:14	u57c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jehudi & Nethaniah & Shelemiah & Cushi	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2393	36:15	u4gb		in our hearing	“so we can hear you read it” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 2:2.
2394	36:15	td5p		read the scroll	Alternate translation: “read the scroll aloud”
2395	36:16	p6rk		It happened that	This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2396	36:16	vym2		when they heard	The word “they” refers to the officials.
2397	36:16	n53p		all these words	the words that Baruch read aloud from the scroll
2398	36:17	ipi7		how did you come to write	Alternate translation: “how did you write”
2399	36:17	p4vi		at Jeremiah’s dictation	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 36:4.
2400	36:18	s4kx		dictated	Jeremiah spoke out loud so that Baruch could write down his words.
2401	36:18	pqp3		wrote them in ink	Alternate translation: “used ink to write them”
2402	36:18	is54		ink	a dark liquid that is used for writing
2403	36:19	zge9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	Jeremiah, too	You may need to make this a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah should hide himself, too” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2404	36:19	kih8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	where you are	The word “you” refers to Baruch and Jeremiah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2405	36:20	ddc1		So they	Alternate translation: “Then the officials”
2406	36:20	x5gj		put the scroll in the room of Elishama	Alternate translation: “put the scroll in the room of Elishama so it would be safe”
2407	36:20	b16g		Elishama the secretary	See how you translated “Elishama the scribe” in Jeremiah 36:12.
2408	36:20	nlt3		in the hearing of the king	“where the king could hear him” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 2:2.
2409	36:21	rz17		Jehudi	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 36:14.
2410	36:22	xeh7		Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Jeremiah starts to tell a new part of the story.
2411	36:22	nd2u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	in the ninth month	This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. This is at the end of the sowing season and the beginning of the cold season. It is during the last part November and the first part of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2412	36:22	zw8h		a brazier was burning in front of him	Alternate translation: “the brazier was in front of him with a blazing fire”
2413	36:22	tf4p		a brazier	a fireplace that people can move
2414	36:23	sz7v		It happened that	This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2415	36:23	z4cg		Jehudi	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 36:14.
2416	36:23	l2gf		columns	these are columns of words on the scroll
2417	36:23	ip73		would cut it off	Alternate translation: “would cut that part of the scroll off”
2418	36:23	gbu3		with a knife	Alternate translation: “using a scribe’s knife” or “using the kind of knife that scribes use”
2419	36:23	ar14		brazier	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 36:22.
2420	36:23	vjz5		until all of the scroll was destroyed	Alternate translation: “until the scroll was completely gone”
2421	36:24	s3et		all these words	the words from the scroll that Baruch wrote as Jeremiah dictated
2422	36:24	bgq6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	nor did they tear their clothes	People tore their cloths when they were extremely sad. Alternate translation: “nor did they mourn by tearing their clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2423	36:25	ts8f		Elnathan, Delaiah, and Gemariah	See how you translated these names in Jeremiah 36:12.
2424	36:25	km58		urged the king	Alternate translation: “pleaded with the king”
2425	36:26	vne7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jerahmeel & Seraiah & Azriel & Shelemiah & Abdeel	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2426	36:26	uyd9		a relative	Alternate translation: “a relative of the king”
2427	36:26	d67a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Jeremiah the prophet & hidden them	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2428	36:27	h7zx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Then the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah after & dictation, saying,	The idiom “The word of Yahweh came” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah after … dictation. He said,” or “After … dictation, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2429	36:27	i9hx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	to Jeremiah & Jeremiah’s dictation	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2430	36:27	ksc8		at Jeremiah’s dictation	See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 36:4.
2431	36:28	x9ye		Go back, take another scroll for yourself	Alternate translation: “Take another scroll for yourself again”
2432	36:28	m6mh		the original scroll	Alternate translation: “the first scroll”
2433	36:29	bf3y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why have you written on it & beast in it’?	Jehoiakim uses this question to emphasize that Jeremiah should not have written that the king of Babylon would come and attack. Alternate translation: “You should not have written … beast in it!” or “You were wrong to write … beast in it’!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2434	36:29	ngk4		for he will destroy	Alternate translation: “and he will destroy”
2435	36:30	pl99	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	will ever sit on the throne of David	Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. See how you translated “sits on the throne of David” in Jeremiah 29:16. Alternate translation: “will ever rule the Israelites as David did” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2436	36:30	d7yi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	your corpse will be thrown out	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will throw your dead body outside” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2437	36:30	n16b		your corpse	Alternate translation: “your dead body”
2438	36:30	jp3b		into the heat of day	Alternate translation: “so that it is exposed to the dry heat of the daytime”
2439	36:30	ws5c		frost	ice that forms on grass during cold nights
2440	36:31	bvh4		of you all	Alternate translation: “of all of you”
2441	36:32	k5z6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Jeremiah took & Jeremiah’s dictation	Jeremiah speaks of himself by name for reasons that are not clear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2442	36:32	k1wh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Baruch wrote on it at Jeremiah’s dictation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word dictation, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 36:4. Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote on it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2443	36:32	b4kt		burned by Jehoiakim king of Judah	Alternate translation: “that Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire”
2444	36:32	mev6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Furthermore, many other similar words were added to this scroll	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Furthermore, Jeremiah and Baruch added to this scroll many more words which were similar to the words that had been in the first scroll” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2445	37:intro	du3z			Jeremiah 37 General Notes Important figures of speech in this chapter Ironic situation Jeremiah was thrown into prison and beaten for prophesying the word of God. Then the king asked him, “Is there any word from Yahweh?” This is a type of irony. The king simply did not agree with God’s original word. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]])
2446	37:1	c5u8		Jehoiachin	The Hebrew text has “Coniah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
2447	37:2	vt3f		of the land	Alternate translation: “of the land of Judah”
2448	37:2	j785	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	he proclaimed by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet	The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he had Jeremiah the prophet proclaim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2449	37:2	crn1		he proclaimed	Alternate translation: “Yahweh proclaimed”
2450	37:2	t2q2		Jeremiah the prophet	Jeremiah refers to himself by name for reasons that are not clear.
2451	37:3	hw6v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jehukal	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2452	37:3	ynt3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shelemiah	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 36:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2453	37:3	f9qq		Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest	See how you translated these men’s names in Jeremiah 21:1.
2454	37:3	r1ds		on our behalf	“for us” or “for our sake.” The word “our” refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah.
2455	37:4	u9nx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. The narrator tells background information about what Jeremiah had been doing before Zedekiah sent the message. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2456	37:4	qa7u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Jeremiah was coming and going among the people	Here “coming and going” is an idiom that means he was free to move about. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah was able to go wherever he wanted with everybody else” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2457	37:4	j14u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	for he had not yet been put in prison	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “because no one had put him in prison” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2458	37:5	m95i		came out	Alternate translation: “had set out”
2459	37:5	b9va		besieging	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2460	37:6	p84n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah the prophet, saying,	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah the prophet. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah the prophet:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2461	37:7	y24f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	you will say	The word “you” refers to the two men that king Zedekiah had sent to Jeremiah, Jehukal son of Shelemiah, and Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2462	37:7	wic9		to seek advice from me	The word “me” refers to Yahweh.
2463	37:7	g9p8		See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
2464	37:8	xgj8		They will fight against this city, capture it, and burn it	Compare how you translated “to wage war against it and take it, and to burn it” in Jeremiah 34:22.
2465	37:9	egq8		Do not deceive yourselves	The word “yourselves” refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah.
2466	37:9	ppa5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Surely the Chaldeans are leaving us	The people of Judah think that they will be safe because the Chaldeans had left. Alternate translation: “Surely we are safe because the Chaldeans are leaving us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2467	37:10	w4f5		they would get up	Alternate translation: “the wounded men would get up”
2468	37:11	gsm7		So it was	“It came about that.” This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2469	37:12	n9nx		a tract of land	Alternate translation: “a piece of land” or “some land”
2470	37:12	kr6j		among his people	“among his relatives.” Jeremiah was from the town of Anathoth in the land of Benjamin (Jeremiah 1:1).
2471	37:13	pfg7		Benjamin Gate	This is the name of the gate.
2472	37:13	t5gr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Irijah	This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2473	37:13	w2f7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shelemiah	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 36:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2474	37:13	az9a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hananiah	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 28:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2475	37:13	uez4		deserting	escaping trouble and leaving people who need help
2476	37:14	asx2		deserting	This means escaping trouble and leaving people who need help.
2477	37:14	nwr4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Irijah	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 37:13. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2478	37:14	q1jq		officials	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:18.
2479	37:15	s5cv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	Jonathan the scribe	“Jonathan, who was a scribe.” This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2480	37:16	c2h2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Jeremiah was put into an underground cell	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the officials put Jeremiah into a room that was under the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2481	37:17	h6f8		brought him	Alternate translation: “brought Jeremiah”
2482	37:17	x17c		his house	the palace of King Zedekiah
2483	37:17	s43j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	You will be given into the hand of the king of Babylon	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 32:4. Alternate translation: “I will certainly put you under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2484	37:18	lu1a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How have I sinned against you & prison?	Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that he has not done anything wrong. Alternate translation: “I have not done anything wrong to you … prison.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2485	37:18	hq9m		this people	the people of the kingdom of Judah
2486	37:18	a64h		have placed	Alternate translation: “have put”
2487	37:19	utn2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Where are your prophets, the ones who prophesied & against this land?	Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that the other prophets were lying but that he had done nothing wrong because he had told the truth. Alternate translation: “Your prophets who prophesied … against this land were obviously wrong, but now it is clear that I was telling you the truth.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2488	37:19	tq67		your prophets	The word “your” refers to King Zedekiah and the other people of the kingdom of Judah.
2489	37:19	gp83		will not come against you or against this land	Alternate translation: “will not attack you or attack this land”
2490	37:20	a8fv		Let my pleas come before you	“Hear me plead for mercy and do as I ask.” See how you translated “their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh” in Jeremiah 36:7.
2491	37:20	e2hq		the house of Jonathan the scribe	“the house of Jonathan, who is a scribe.” See how you translated this in Jeremiah 37:15.
2492	37:21	pss2		the courtyard of the guard	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2493	37:21	s566	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	A loaf of bread was given him	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “His servants also gave Jeremiah a loaf of bread” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2494	37:21	v6xa		from the street of the bakers	Alternate translation: “from the street where the bakers worked”
2495	38:intro	eu3f			Jeremiah 38 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Surrender and live If the king obeyed God and surrendered to the Babylonians, he would be allowed to live and the city would not be burned. But if he refused, he would be captured and the city burned. This took faith that Yahweh was using this ungodly, Gentile nation. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
2496	38:1	gl7q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shephatiah & Mattan, Gedaliah & Pashhur, Jehukal & Shelemiah & Pashhur & Malkijah	men’s names (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2497	38:2	p2xn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Anyone staying in this city will be killed by sword, famine, and plague	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Anyone staying in this city will die by sword, famine, and plague” or “I will kill anyone staying in this city with sword, famine, and plague” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2498	38:2	izt9		He will escape with his own life	The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape alive, even though he will lose all his possessions. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 21:9.
2499	38:3	f89i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This city will be given into the hand of the army of the king of Babylon	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will allow the army of the king of Babylon to conquer Jerusalem” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2500	38:3	u8f5		he will capture it	The reader should understand that others will help the king of Babylon capture the city. “his army will capture it”
2501	38:4	s9za		Let this man die	Alternate translation: “Order someone to kill this man”
2502	38:4	l3h5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he is weakening the hands of the fighting men who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people	Weak hands are a metonym for a person who is afraid. Alternate translation: “he is causing the soldiers and all the people in the city to lose courage” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2503	38:4	lzh8		for this man is not working for safety for this people, but disaster	Alternate translation: “for Jeremiah is not working to help this people be safe, but he is working for bad things to happen to this people”
2504	38:5	xr6q		Look	Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
2505	38:5	a92p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he is in your hand	The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand has. Alternate translation: “you are able do whatever you want with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2506	38:6	z9f6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	they & threw him into the cistern	They literally “lowered Jeremiah down on ropes,” but the word “threw” is an exaggeration to say that they treated him roughly. Your language may have another way of saying this. Alternate translation: “they … roughly pushed him into the cistern” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2507	38:6	b4bv		cistern	a deep hole in the ground where people collect and store rain water
2508	38:6	rb8h		the courtyard of the guard	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2509	38:6	y2m2		They lowered Jeremiah down on ropes	This tells how “they threw him into the cistern.”
2510	38:7	jqm6		Now Ebed-Melek	The word “now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
2511	38:7	uc4i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ebed-Melek the Cushite	This is the name of a man from Cush. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2512	38:7	lix8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now the king	Here the word “now” marks a break in the main story line where the narrator tells background information about what the king was doing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2513	38:7	kfm3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	sitting at the Benjamin Gate	King Zedekiah was probably hearing and judging legal cases. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2514	38:7	tch5		Benjamin Gate	This is an entrance into the city of Jerusalem that people named after Benjamin, Jacob’s son.
2515	38:10	ex3t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	thirty men	“30 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2516	38:11	d1k2		let them down by ropes	Alternate translation: “used ropes to lower them down”
2517	38:12	xa9e		under your arms and on top of the ropes	Alternate translation: “between your arms and the ropes”
2518	38:13	s46y		they pulled Jeremiah	Here the word “they” refers to some of the thirty men who were with Ebed-Melech.
2519	38:13	xs87		the courtyard of the guard	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2520	38:15	vvt7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	If I answer you, will you not certainly kill me?	Jeremiah uses this question to express his belief that the king will kill him if he answers truthfully. Alternate translation: “If I tell you the truth, you will certainly kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2521	38:16	cjp9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	As Yahweh lives, the one who made us	“as surely as Yahweh, the one who made us, is alive.” This is a way of making a solemn promise. The king says it to emphasize that what he is about to say next is true. See how you translated “As Yahweh lives” in Jeremiah 4:2. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear by Yahweh, the one who made us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2522	38:16	yv2m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will not & give you into the hand of those men	Here the word “hand” refers to the men’s control or power. Alternate translation: “I will not … allow those men to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2523	38:16	q87t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	seeking your life	This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in Jeremiah 11:21. Alternate translation: “trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2524	38:17	p9k7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	God of Israel	The name of the people group is metonym for the people of that group. Alternate translation: “God of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2525	38:17	kku6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	this city will not be burned	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonian army will not burn this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2526	38:18	gja5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	this city will be given into the hand of the Chaldeans	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 38:2. Alternate translation: “I will allow the Chaldeans to conquer this city” or “I will allow the Chaldeans to do whatever they want with this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2527	38:18	fbz5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you will not escape from their hand	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “you will not escape from their power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2528	38:19	m4jz		deserted	escaped trouble and left people who needed help. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 37:13.
2529	38:19	i4pf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	I might be given over into their hand	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Chaldeans might put me under the control of the people of Judah who have deserted” or “the Chaldeans might allow the people of Judah who have deserted to do whatever they want with me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2530	38:19	r1ze		for them to treat me badly	Here the word “them” refers to the people of Judah who have deserted.
2531	38:20	x9uy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	They will not give you over to them	“The Chaldeans will not give you over to the Judeans.” Here “you” refers to Zedekiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2532	38:21	b1pi		this is what Yahweh has shown me	Here the word “this” refers to what Jeremiah will say next.
2533	38:22	z6cx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	All the women who are left & will be brought out to the officials of the king of Babylon	The reader should understand that the officials will take these women as slaves. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will bring all the women who are left … out to the officials of the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2534	38:22	ndr9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	You have been deceived by your friends	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your friends have deceived you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2535	38:22	jgf2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Your feet are now sunk into the mud	The king is now helpless. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2536	38:23	dti7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	For all of your wives and children will be brought out to the Chaldeans	The reader should understand that the officials will take these people as slaves. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will bring your wives and children out to the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2537	38:23	k3p7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	will not escape from their hand	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “will not escape from their power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2538	38:23	x21i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	You will be captured by the hand of the king of Babylon, and this city will be burned	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. The reader should probably understand that many people will help the king do this. Alternate translation: “The army of the king of Babylon will capture you and will burn the city” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2539	38:26	l1fb		Jonathan	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 37:15.
2540	38:27	e9tl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the conversation between Jeremiah and the king	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word conversation, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “what Jeremiah and the king said to each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2541	38:28	kaj5		the courtyard of the guard	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2542	38:28	l5rj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	until the day Jerusalem was captured	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the day that the Babylonian army captured Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2543	39:intro	i9ad			Jeremiah 39 General Notes Structure and formatting The prophesied destruction of Jerusalem is over and the actual conquering of the Promised Land by Babylon begins in this chapter. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
2544	39:1	bc1u		came & against Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “came to attack Jerusalem”
2545	39:1	dap3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	In the ninth year and tenth month of Zedekiah king of Judah	This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for eight years, in the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “In the tenth month of the ninth year that Zedekiah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
2546	39:1	yh1s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	ninth & tenth	See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]
2547	39:2	v5d9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	In the eleventh year and fourth month of Zedekiah, on the ninth day of the month	This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than ten years, in the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The eleventh day is near the beginning of July on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “On the ninth day of the fourth month of the eleventh year that Zedekiah was king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
2548	39:2	ph29	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	eleventh & fourth	See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]
2549	39:3	bu4u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nebo-Sarsekim, Samgar Nebo, and Sarsechim	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2550	39:3	ew2q		in the middle gate	“in the middle entrance to the city.” It was common for leaders to sit at the gate of the city to discuss important matters.
2551	39:4	rpl5		They went out at night from the city by the king’s garden path	Alternate translation: “They left the city at night going out on a path in the king’s garden”
2552	39:5	w8c7		the plains of the Jordan River valley	This is the flat land at the southern end of the valley.
2553	39:5	uma7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	at Riblah in the land of Hamath	Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath, which is in Syria. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2554	39:5	v4xk		pursued them and overtook	Alternate translation: “followed them and caught”
2555	39:5	f3u5		passed sentence on him	Alternate translation: “decided how to punish him”
2556	39:6	l5id	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons before his own eyes	The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah’s sons. Alternate translation: “forced Zedekiah to watch as the king’s soldiers killed Zedekiah’s sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2557	39:7	ei9s		he put out Zedekiah’s eyes	“the king’s men made Zedekiah blind.” Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah’s eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind.
2558	39:8	ku9v		the king’s house	Zedekiah’s house
2559	39:8	cbe2		the people’s houses	the houses that had belonged to the people of Jerusalem
2560	39:9	sr9p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nebuzaradan	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2561	39:9	qvc3		the king’s bodyguards	Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s guards”
2562	39:9	nt1i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	the rest of the people who were left in the city	This is probably a generalization. Alternate translation: “the people who were still living in the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2563	39:10	h3ys	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	who had nothing for themselves	The word “nothing” is probably an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “who owned nothing of great value” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2564	39:13	r536	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nebushazban	a man’s name (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2565	39:13	w1xh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	sent men out	They sent them out to get Jeremiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “sent men out to get Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2566	39:14	x1ja	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gedaliah & Ahikam & Shaphan	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2567	39:14	k5dx		the courtyard of the guard	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2568	39:14	uw8h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	among the people	You may need to make explicit which people the speaker is speaking of. Alternate translation: “among the people who remained in Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2569	39:15	sbp1		General Information:	General Information: This story happened before the events in the first part of the chapter.
2570	39:15	rz5c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	This word is used here to mark a return to the story line, as the narrator tells what Yahweh had said to Jeremiah after Nebuchadnezzar gave the orders about Jeremiah (Jeremiah 39:12-14). (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
2571	39:15	qm3a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah while he was & guard, saying,	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah while he was … guard. He said,” or “while Jeremiah was … guard, Yahweh spoke this message to him:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2572	39:15	g5jx		the courtyard of the guard	This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2573	39:16	g2jt		Ebed-Melek the Cushite	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 38:7.
2574	39:16	c57h		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2575	39:16	tg3k		I am about to carry out my words against this city for disaster and not for good	Alternate translation: “I am bringing disaster, not good, against this city, just as I said I would”
2576	39:16	pb72		For they will all come true before you on that day	Alternate translation: “For you will see it all happen on that day”
2577	39:17	d4fl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you will not be given into the hand of the men whom you fear	Here “hand” refers to power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the men you fear will not harm you” or “I will not allow anyone to put you under the control of the people whom you fear” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2578	39:18	y55h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	You will not fall by the sword	The sword is a metonym for dying in war. Alternate translation: “No one will kill you with their sword” or “You will not die in war” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2579	39:18	h19r		with your life	Alternate translation: “alive”
2580	40:intro	rx94			Jeremiah 40 General Notes Structure and formatting Peace in Judah After Babylon conquered Jerusalem, this chapter reveals an unfolding peace in the area. Ammon, who was supposed to be Judah’s ally against Babylon, probably sought to distract Babylon from attacking them by ruining the peace in the region of Judah. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2581	40:1	vp76	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh	This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:1 Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2582	40:1	nzv7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nebuzaradan	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 39:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2583	40:1	w77l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who were being carried into exile to Babylon	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom the soldiers were about to take to Babylon as exiles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2584	40:3	p9na		this thing	Alternate translation: “this disaster”
2585	40:4	pm8f		But now look!	Nebuzaradan says this to bring Jeremiah’s attention to the present moment.
2586	40:4	m5yi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	it is good in your eyes	“Eyes” here is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “it is what you consider to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2587	40:5	zah3		Gedaliah & Ahikam & Shaphan	These are the names of men. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 39:14.
2588	40:5	cw75		among the people	Alternate translation: “among the Judeans”
2589	40:5	kwh6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	it is good in your eyes	“Eyes” here is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “it is what you consider to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2590	40:6	v5hd		who were left behind in the land	Alternate translation: “who stayed in Judah”
2591	40:7	h3c3		Now	This marks a new part of the story.
2592	40:7	iep2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	those who had not been exiled to Babylon	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the enemy soldiers had not sent to Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2593	40:8	ug21	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ishmael & Nethaniah & Johanan & Jonathan & Kareah & Seraiah & Tanhumeth & Ephai & Jaazaniah	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2594	40:8	lt8t		Netophathite & Maakathite	people from the regions of Netophah and Maakah
2595	40:9	a2lc		took an oath to them	Alternate translation: “swore to the Judean commanders”
2596	40:10	y2bg		Look	Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” or “Pay attention”
2597	40:10	n6bm		summer fruit	Alternate translation: “fruit that becomes ripe during the summer”
2598	40:10	rd9k		you have occupied	“you have taken over.” “Occupy” here is a military term. Gedaliah was talking to soldiers (Jeremiah 40:7) who may have conquered or otherwise taken control of cities.
2599	40:11	pe3x		remnant of Judah	Alternate translation: “remnant of the people of Judah”
2600	40:11	d4gs		had appointed & over them	Alternate translation: “had put … in charge of them”
2601	40:11	gn3r		Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 39:14.
2602	40:11	c3ya		over them	Alternate translation: “over the people of Judah”
2603	40:12	zs8v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	where they had been scattered	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “where the Babylonians had driven them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2604	40:12	hny7		wine and summer fruit in great abundance	Alternate translation: “a huge amount of grapes and summer fruit”
2605	40:12	t7ep		summer fruit	“fruit that becomes ripe during the summer.” See how you translated this in Jeremiah 40:10.
2606	40:13	qk6a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Johanan & Kareah	See how you translated these names in Jeremiah 40:8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2607	40:13	yp1p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gedaliah	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 39:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2608	40:14	dj6f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you realize that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to murder you?	Johanan and the commanders use a rhetorical question to warn Gedaliah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You need to understand that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to murder you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2609	40:14	mv1l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Baalis	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2610	40:14	p3zy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ishmael & Nethaniah	Translate these names as in Jeremiah 40:8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2611	40:14	q9l2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahikim	See how you translated this name in Jeremiah 26:24. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2612	40:15	yyw2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Johanan & Kareah	See how you translated these men’s names in Jeremiah 40:8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2613	40:15	tfj9		Gedaliah	See how you translated this name in Jeremiah 39:14.
2614	40:15	vk6u		Ishmael & Nethaniah	See how you translated these men’s names in Jeremiah 40:8.
2615	40:15	tnu5		No one will suspect me	Alternate translation: “No one will think that I did it”
2616	40:15	l7ed	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why should he kill you?	Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to change Gedaliah’s thinking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not allow him to kill you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2617	40:15	mc43	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why allow all of Judah that has been gathered to you to be scattered and the remnant of Judah destroyed?	Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to get Gedaliah to think about what will happen if Gedaliah does what Gedaliah is planning to do. Alternate translation: “If you do this, all of Judah that has been gathered to you will be scattered and the remnant of Judah will be destroyed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2618	40:15	c9ug	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	all of Judah	The word “all” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “many of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2619	40:15	hp75	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	that has been gathered to you	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “who have come to you” or “whom Yahweh has brought to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2620	40:15	mj6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	to be scattered	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “to have the Chaldeans scatter them” or “to flee away to many different lands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2621	40:15	pxq9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the remnant of Judah destroyed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow the Chaldeans to destroy the remnant of Judah” or “and allow the remnant of Judah to perish” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2622	40:15	zr8s		remnant of Judah	“remnant of the people of Judah.” See how you translated this in Jeremiah 40:11.
2623	40:16	gc11		Ahikam	See how you translated this name in Jeremiah 26:24.
2624	41:intro	u2q2			Jeremiah 41 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Life in Judah This chapter explains what life was like in Judah after the Babylonian conquest. It was a difficult and dangerous time, but some of the faithful remained in the Promised Land. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
2625	41:1	mz9m		it happened that	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2626	41:1	rce7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	in the seventh month	This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2627	41:1	va8n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ishmael son of Nethaniah	See how you translated these men’s names in Jeremiah 40:8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2628	41:1	uv6y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Elishama	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2629	41:2	yly4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gedaliah son of Ahikam son of Shaphan	See how you translated these men’s names in Jeremiah 39:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2630	41:2	mt62	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in charge of the land	Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “in charge of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2631	41:3	s68d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Then Ishmael killed	Here “Ishmael” represents himself and the ten men with him. Alternate translation: “Then Ishmael and the ten men with him killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2632	41:3	pzn9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the Chaldean fighting men found there	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “also the Chaldean soldiers there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2633	41:4	xv5y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	the second day after	The word “second” is the ordinal form of the number 2. This could mean: (1) “the day after” or (2) “two days after” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2634	41:5	te6l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	eighty men	“80 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2635	41:5	c3sk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in their hands	Having things in the hands here is probably a metaphor for carrying those things or having them in their possession. Alternate translation: “in their possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2636	41:5	v4qg		to go to Yahweh’s house	Alternate translation: “to go worship Yahweh at his temple”
2637	41:6	p4gy		to meet them	Alternate translation: “to meet the 80 men”
2638	41:6	n7k7		Then it happened	This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2639	41:7	iju5		It came about that	This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2640	41:7	tp8u		Ishmael son of Nethaniah slaughtered them and threw them into a pit, he and the men who were with him	It is stated it in Jeremiah 41:8 that Ishmael and his men did not kill all 80 men. You can state here that they killed most of the 80 men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and the men who were with him, killed most of the 80 men and threw them into a pit”
2641	41:8	nt5a		ten men among them	The word “them” refers to the 80 men.
2642	41:8	zn9l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	for there are provisions of ours in a field	It is implied that they would give their provisions to Ishmael and his men. Alternate translation: “for we will give you our provisions that we have hidden in a field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2643	41:8	c4gu		provisions	supplies to be used to provide for future needs
2644	41:9	p33k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	The cistern where Ishmael & against King Baasha of Israel	This is background information about the cistern that Ishmael used. King Asa had his men dig the cistern so his people would have a water supply when King Baasha attacked them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2645	41:9	kzd3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	that King Asa dug	Here King Asa represents his men. Alternate translation: “that King Asa ordered his men to dig” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2646	41:9	p7br	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	against King Baasha of Israel	Here King Baasha represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “against Baasha, king of Israel, and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2647	41:9	ny7m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Ishmael son of Nethaniah filled it	Here Ishmael represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men filled it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2648	41:9	nw96	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	with the dead	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “with those who were dead” or “with those they had killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2649	41:10	w324	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Ishmael captured	Here Ishmael represents himself and his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men captured” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2650	41:10	y6nt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nebuzaradan	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 39:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2651	41:10	rk3e		went to cross over to the people of Ammon	Alternate translation: “traveled towards the land of the Ammonites”
2652	41:11	j1v7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Ishmael son of Nethaniah	Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2653	41:12	pak6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Ishmael son of Nethaniah & found him	Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men … found them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2654	41:13	a4a1		Then it happened that	This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2655	41:13	efz7		when all the people who were with Ishmael	Here “people” refers to those whom Ishmael and his men had captured.
2656	41:14	tjt4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	whom Ishmael had captured	Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “whom Ishmael and his men had captured” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2657	41:15	zag1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	He went to the people of Ammon	“He” refers to Ishmael who represents himself and the eight men with him. Alternate translation: “They went to the people of Ammon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2658	41:16	d9f5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who had been rescued	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom they had rescued” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2659	41:16	x13r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This was after Ishmael had killed Gedaliah son of Ahikam	The author stops the story to refer to a previous event so that the order of events are understood. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2660	41:16	r944		the strong men, the fighting men	These both refer to soldiers. Alternate translation: “the soldiers”
2661	41:16	j14l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who had been rescued at Gibeon	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom they had rescued at Gibeon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2662	41:17	b8j8		they went	Alternate translation: “Johanan, his companions, and all the people they rescued went”
2663	41:17	di1c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Geruth Kimham	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2664	41:18	k3qd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	because of the Chaldeans	It is implied that they were afraid that the Chaldeans would attack them. Alternate translation: “because they thought the Chaldeans may attack them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2665	41:18	iuc2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in charge of the land	Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “in charge of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2666	42:intro	ye1g			Jeremiah 42 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Life in Babylon The remaining army commanders, who scattered after the Babylonian victory, asked Jeremiah to ask Yahweh about where they should go. Yahweh encouraged them to go to Babylon because they would soon return to the Promised Land. They would be punished if they went to Egypt or anywhere else. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
2667	42:1	jc5i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Johanan & Kareah	See how you translated these men’s names in Jeremiah 40:13. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2668	42:1	w479	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jezaniah & Hoshaiah	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2669	42:1	h1f8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	all the people from the least to the greatest	This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. Alternate translation: “all the people from every social status” or “all the people, including the least important and the most important people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2670	42:1	wx9l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	all the people	Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word “all” is a generalization that means very many people went. Alternate translation: “many other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2671	42:2	te2b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Let our pleas come before you	“Let us present our urgent request to you.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word pleas, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Listen as we plead with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2672	42:4	yl1b		Look	Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
2673	42:4	v54c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I will keep nothing back from you	The phrase “keep nothing back from you” is an idiom that means to tell someone everything. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will tell you everything the Lord tells me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2674	42:5	tze5		May Yahweh be	This is a way of beginning an oath. Alternate translation: “We ask Yahweh to be” or “Yahweh will be”
2675	42:5	htw1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	true and faithful	Here these words share similar meanings. They describe Yahweh as a witness whom no one will be able to contradict. Alternate translation: “trustworthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2676	42:6	aj3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	Whether it is good or if it is bad	The people mention both extremes to emphasize that they will obey no matter what Yahweh’s answer is. Alternate translation: “Whatever he answers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2677	42:6	ixn4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the voice of Yahweh our God	Here “voice” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh our God says” or “we will obey Yahweh our God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2678	42:7	k8xs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah	This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:2. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2679	42:8	c9v6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	to all the people from the least to the greatest	This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 42:1. Alternate translation: “to all the people from every social status” or “to all the people, including the least important and the most important people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2680	42:8	t51j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	to all the people	Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word “all” is a generalization that means very many people went. Alternate translation: “to many other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2681	42:10	m39t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will build you and not tear you down	Yahweh refers to the people of Israel like a wall that can be built or torn down. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to prosper and I will not destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2682	42:10	aj8z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will plant you and not pull you up	Yahweh uses another example to express how he will cause the people of Israel to prosper and not be destroyed. He refers to them like a plant in the same way he referred to them as a wall. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2683	42:10	a8zc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will turn back the disaster that I have brought on you	A disaster is here spoken of as something that a person can put onto someone else. Alternate translation: “I will prevent the disaster that I have caused to happen to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2684	42:11	k5t5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	to save you and rescue you	The words “save” and “rescue” mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will, indeed, save. Alternate translation: “to save you completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2685	42:11	jv59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	rescue you from his hand	Here the word “hand” refers to power and authority. Alternate translation: “rescue you from his power” or “rescue you from him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2686	42:13	qi8z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	if you do not listen to my voice, the voice of Yahweh your God	Here “voice” represents a command. To not obey is like the people did not hear Yahweh’s command. Alternate translation: “if you do not obey my commands, even though I am Yahweh, your God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2687	42:14	bg9x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	where we will not see any war, where we will not hear the sound of the trumpet	Both of these phrases describe being at war by the ability to see or hear it. Alternate translation: “where we will not experience the hardships of war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2688	42:14	n28p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	we will not go hungry for food	Being hungry for food is used to describe famine. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2689	42:15	t7ch		Now	The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2690	42:15	te43		to this word of Yahweh	Alternate translation: “to Yahweh’s message”
2691	42:15	e21x		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2692	42:15	cpw7		set out to go to	Alternate translation: “depart for” or “leave for”
2693	42:16	s8nw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the sword that you fear will overtake you	Here “the sword” represents war. The Israelites experiencing war even if they go to Egypt is spoken of as if the sword would chase after the people catch up with them. Alternate translation: “you will experience the terrible results of war” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2694	42:16	pea7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The famine that you are worrying about will pursue you to Egypt	The Israelites experiencing famine even in Egypt is spoken of as if famine would chase after them. Alternate translation: “You worry about famine in Israel but if you go to Egypt you will suffer from famine there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2695	42:17	vak7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	all the men who set out	The men are used to refer to all the people because they are the leaders in their families. Alternate translation: “anyone who sets out” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2696	42:17	b82t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the disaster that I will bring on them	Causing a disaster is spoken of as if disaster were an object that is brought to a person. Alternate translation: “the disaster that I will cause to happen to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2697	42:18	v4kb		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2698	42:18	hxc8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my wrath and my fury were poured out on the inhabitants of Jerusalem	Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if wrath and fury were liquids that he poured out on the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I became very angry and punished the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2699	42:18	ss3l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	my wrath and my fury	The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “my terrible wrath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2700	42:18	rm4e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in the same way my fury will be poured out on you	Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if fury were a liquid that he pours out on the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will became very angry and punish you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2701	42:18	m8xv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	You will become an object of cursing and a horror, an object for speaking curses, and something dishonorable	All of these statements mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the nations will treat the people of Judah after Yahweh punishes them. Alternate translation: “People will be terrified when they see what has happened to you. They will curse and mock you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2702	42:19	m4t7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I have been a witness against you	The phrase “been a witness against” is an idiom that means to give a warning. Alternate translation: “I have warned you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2703	42:20	tm47	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	we will carry it out	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “we will do it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2704	42:21	q58d		you have not listened	Alternate translation: “you have not paid attention”
2705	42:21	bn7i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to the voice of Yahweh your God	Here “voice” represents what Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh your God commanded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2706	42:22	ewj3		now	The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2707	42:22	ah9a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you will die by sword	Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “you will die in warfare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2708	42:22	b8em	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	in the place where you desired to go to live	They desired to live in Egypt. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “in Egypt, where you thought you would be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2709	43:intro	b33q			Jeremiah 43 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter They did not believe Jeremiah After Jeremiah prophesied the destruction of Judah, the people did not believe him. Judah was conquered and destroyed. Even after this, the people did not believe they would be safe in Babylon as Jeremiah prophesied. This is shocking. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) Babylon invades Egypt Babylon is described as invading part of Egypt. This would have been unthinkable for the people. It would have gotten their attention. Other possible translation issues in this chapter Symbolic actions Jeremiah’s burial of the stones was intended to be a symbolic action for the people. This was supposed to teach the people a lesson. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2710	43:1	ufu5		It happened that	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2711	43:2	wg2c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Azariah	This could mean: (1) this is another name for Jezaniah in Jeremiah 42:1 or (2) this is a different son of Hoshaiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2712	43:2	a3qd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hoshaiah	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 42:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2713	43:2	u1n1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Johanan & Kareah	See how you translated these men’s names in Jeremiah 40:13. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2714	43:3	h7cf		inciting	to cause someone to act in a harmful or violent way
2715	43:3	gh4k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to deliver us into the hand of the Chaldeans	Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “to give us over to the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2716	43:3	bw5d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	for you to cause our death and to make us captives in Babylon	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word death, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “to kill.” Alternate translation: “for you to cause the Chaldeans to either kill us or to take us as captives to Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2717	43:4	glv6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	all the people	This probably did not include every individual there. The word “all” is a generalization that means many people. Alternate translation: “many of the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2718	43:4	a6mj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	refused to listen to Yahweh’s voice	Here “voice” represents commands. And here “to listen” means “to obey.” Alternate translation: “would not obey Yahweh’s command” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2719	43:5	n9qa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	where they had been scattered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where Yahweh had scattered them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2720	43:6	qj48	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nebuzaradan	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 39:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2721	43:6	s144	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gedaliah & Ahikam & Shaphan	See how you translated these men’s names in Jeremiah 39:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2722	43:7	rup9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tahpanhes	See how you translated the name of this city in Jeremiah 2:16. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2723	43:8	p6h5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes, saying,	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah in Tahpanehs:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2724	43:9	i4wa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	in the sight of the people of Judah	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word sight, you can express the same idea with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the people of Judah are watching” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2725	43:9	usg5		mortar	a substance used to hold bricks together
2726	43:9	sha8		to Pharaoh’s house	Alternate translation: “to Pharaoh’s royal building”
2727	43:10	eb2l		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2728	43:10	uz43	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will place his throne over these stones that you, Jeremiah, have buried. Nebuchadnezzar will place his pavilion over them	Both the king’s “throne” and “pavilion” are used to refer to his royal authority. Alternate translation: “I will cause him to rule as king over the people of Egypt. He will place his throne and pavilion over these stones you have buried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2729	43:10	k69r		pavilion	a very large tent
2730	43:11	j4bf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he will come	Here “he” refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents his whole army. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2731	43:11	njk5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Anyone who is assigned to death will be given to death	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word death, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “die.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Everyone will die whom I have decided must die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2732	43:11	iqj5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Anyone who is assigned to captivity will be taken captive	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Babylonians will take everyone captive whom I have decided must go into captivity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2733	43:11	prf4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Anyone who is assigned to the sword will be given to the sword	Here “sword” represents battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Everyone will die in battle whom I have decided will die in battle” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2734	43:12	fy3l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Then I will light a fire	Here “I” refers to Yahweh. This represents Yahweh sending the Babylonian army to light a fire. Alternate translation: “Then I will cause the Babylonian army to light a fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2735	43:12	yqt6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Nebuchadnezzar will & He will	Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army will … They will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2736	43:12	nms7		burn them or capture them	Alternate translation: “burn the Egyptian idols or take them”
2737	43:12	e3qj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	He will clean out the land of Egypt just as shepherds clean vermin off their clothes	Taking or destroying everything in Egypt is compared to how a shepherd carefully cleans off his clothes. Alternate translation: “He will take or destroy everything valuable in Egypt just as a shepherd is careful to get every insect off of his clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2738	43:13	pyt4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Heliopolis	This is the name of a city. The name means “city of the sun.” In this city was a temple where they worshiped a sun god. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2739	44:intro	xf8j			Jeremiah 44 General Notes Important figures of speech in this chapter Idiom The people called Ashtoreth the goddess of the Canaanites, “the queen of heaven.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
2740	44:1	s5cz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word came to Jeremiah	It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 7:1. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2741	44:1	gzg8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Migdol	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2742	44:1	a4bd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tahpanhes & Memphis	Translate the names of these cities as you did in Jeremiah 2:16. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2743	44:1	jee4		in Upper Egypt	This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called “Pathros.”
2744	44:2	j6cn		Yahweh of hosts & says	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 6:6.
2745	44:2	wb58	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	You yourselves have seen	The word “yourselves” is used for emphasis to specify the people of Judea who live in the land of Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2746	44:2	zs94	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	all the disasters that I brought on Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah	Causing disasters is spoken of as if disasters were an object that can be put on something. Alternate translation: “all the disaster that I caused to happen to Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2747	44:2	bjm6		See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
2748	44:3	a86s		they did to offend me	Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah did to offend me”
2749	44:3	uvb1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	they themselves	The word “themselves” is used for emphasis to specify the people of Jerusalem and the other cities of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people from the ruined cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2750	44:4	jwn6		So I repeatedly sent	The word “I” refers to Yahweh.
2751	44:5	a6zd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	or turn from their wickedness in burning incense to other gods	To stop doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: “or to stop behaving wickedly by burning incense to other gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2752	44:6	kck1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my fury and my wrath were poured out	Becoming angry and punishing people is spoken of as if fury and wrath were liquids there could be poured on people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I became very angry and punished them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2753	44:6	gje9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	my fury and my wrath	The words “fury” and “wrath” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “my terrible wrath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2754	44:6	if3y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	kindled a fire	Yahweh becoming angry and punishing the people of Judah is spoken of as his fury and wrath were a fire. Alternate translation: “my fury and wrath were like a fire” or “my punishment was like a fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2755	44:6	j69q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	they became ruins and devastations	The words “ruins” and “devastations” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the complete devastation of Judah and Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “they became completely devastated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2756	44:6	bb1y		as at this present day	This refers to the current time at which Yahweh was speaking this message.
2757	44:7	gez9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why are you doing & yourselves? Why are you causing & and babies?	Yahweh uses these questions to rebuke the people for doing things that cause him to punish them. Alternate translation: “You are doing … yourselves. You are causing … and babies.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2758	44:7	mnr5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Why are you doing great wickedness against yourselves?	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word wickedness, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “Why are you doing these wicked things that harm yourselves?” or “You are doing wicked things that cause terrible things to happen to you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2759	44:7	n4fj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Why are you causing yourselves to be cut off from among Judah & and babies?	Being separated from the people of Judah is spoken of as if the people are cut off from Judah the way a person may cut off a branch from a vine or cut off a piece of cloth. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Why are you causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies?” or “You are causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2760	44:8	prs6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	By your wickedness you have offended me with the deeds of your hands	Here, wickedness represents actions that are “wicked.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word wickedness, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Here, hand represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “You have offended me with the wicked things you have done” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2761	44:8	bqw9		You have gone there so that & so that	Alternate translation: “The result of going to Egypt is that … and that”
2762	44:8	d96k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	you will be destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will cause me to destroy you” or “you will destroy yourselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2763	44:8	qgd6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you will be a curse and a reproach among all the nations of the earth	Here “nations” represent the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of all the nations of the earth will curse you and hate you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2764	44:9	zk7z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Have you forgotten the wickedness committed by your ancestors and the wickedness committed by the kings of Judah and their wives?	Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about the wicked behavior of their ancestors and how Yahweh punished them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Think about what happened to your ancestors and the kings of Judah and their wives when they did wicked things.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2765	44:9	v2a3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Have you forgotten the evil committed by yourselves and your wives in the land of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem?	Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about their own wicked behavior and how Yahweh punished them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Think about what happened to you and your wives when you did evil things in the land Judah and the streets of Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2766	44:9	w74z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the streets of Jerusalem	Jerusalem is referred to by the part of the city where people walk. This means the people did evil things in public places. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem” or “the public places of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2767	44:10	ai8e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	they still are not humbled	“the people of Judah are still not humble.” Yahweh is still speaking to the people of Judah, so this can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “you are still not humble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2768	44:10	a4hl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	nor do they walk in them	Obeying the laws is spoken of as if it were walking in the laws. Alternate translation: “nor do they obey them” or “nor do you obey them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2769	44:11	ppb1		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2770	44:11	vc6r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I am about to set my face against you	This idiom means he “firmly decided.” See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 21:10. Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2771	44:11	j5gg		set my face against	Alternate translation: “stare angrily at”
2772	44:11	is79	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to bring disaster to you	Causing disaster to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that can be brought to someone. Alternate translation: “to cause disaster to happen to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2773	44:12	t7mn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	They will fall by sword and famine	Here “fall” means to die. And “sword” represents the enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Enemies will kill some of them and others will die of hunger” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2774	44:12	pmr4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	From the least to the greatest	This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. Alternate translation: “all the people from every social status” or “all the people, including the least important and the most important people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2775	44:12	t4e4		will become an object of swearing, cursing, reproaching, and a horrible thing	Alternate translation: “people will be horrified because of what happened to the people of Judah, and people will mock and curse them”
2776	44:13	yvm2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I punished Jerusalem	Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “I punished the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2777	44:13	xt2p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	with the sword, with famine, and with the plague	Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “by causing enemies to kill some of them, others to starve to death, and others to die because of disease” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2778	44:15	e1fj		in the great assembly	Alternate translation: “in the large crowd”
2779	44:15	ql9v		Lower & Egypt	“Lower Egypt” refers to the northern region of Egypt.
2780	44:15	a1sx		Upper Egypt	This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called “Pathros.”
2781	44:16	k3bm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	About the word that you have told us in Yahweh’s name—we will not listen to you	Here “in Yahweh’s name” means “in Yahweh’s authority” or “as Yahweh’s representative.” Alternate translation: “We will not obey this message that you say Yahweh told you to tell us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2782	44:17	aja3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	queen of heaven	This a title of a false goddess that the people of Judah worshiped. This goddess is also called “Asherah.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2783	44:17	fh7r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the streets of Jerusalem	Here “streets” represent the public places in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in the public places of Jerusalem” or “in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2784	44:17	clp3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Then we will be filled with food and will prosper, without experiencing any disaster	The people of Judah thought they would prosper because the queen of heaven would bless them if they worshiped her. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2785	44:17	u8y8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Then we will be filled with food	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then we will have plenty of food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2786	44:18	ux4h		General Information:	General Information: The remnant of the people living in Egypt continue to speak. Beginning in 44:19, the women address Jeremiah.
2787	44:18	hs8y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	were dying by sword and famine	Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers were killing some of us and some of us were dying of hunger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2788	44:19	dne8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	was it against our husbands that we did these things & to her?	The women were claiming to be innocent because their husband approved of what they were doing. Alternate translation: “our husbands knew what we were doing … to her.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2789	44:19	ec3w		cakes in her image	These were probably small cakes shaped like stars or the crescent moon.
2790	44:21	qc2v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Did not Yahweh remember & of the land?	Jeremiah uses a question to scold the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh certainly knew about … of the land.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2791	44:21	ir8d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	For Yahweh calls this to mind; it comes to his thoughts	Both of these phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that Yahweh knows that the people were worshiping false gods. Alternate translation: “Yes, Yahweh knows what you were doing, and he does not forget” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2792	44:22	a6w5		was no longer able to bear it	Alternate translation: “was no longer able to tolerate it”
2793	44:22	t1fz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	because of the abominations that you did	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word abominations, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “things he hated.” Alternate translation: “because you did things that he hated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2794	44:22	x1jw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Then your land became a desolation, a horror, and a curse so there was no longer an inhabitant as at this present day	This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “a desolation,” “a horror,” and “a curse.” Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh caused it so that no one lives in the land. He made it a desolate and horrifying place. People use its name to curse others. And this is how it is even to this day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2795	44:23	z7ak	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	burned incense	Why people burn incense can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “burned incense to false gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2796	44:23	m5km	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you would not listen to his voice	Here “voice” refers to Yahweh’s commands. Alternate translation: “you would not obey his commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2797	44:24	lr74	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all of Judah	Here “Judah” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2798	44:25	q7r5		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2799	44:25	rst9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	have said with your mouths and carried out with your hands what you said	Here “mouths” and “hands” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “have done what you promised to do when you said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2800	44:25	nwz1		carry out the vows	Alternate translation: “fulfill the vows” or “complete the vows”
2801	44:25	lq9t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	Now fulfill your vows; carry them out	This is an ironic statement. Yahweh does not really want them to fulfill their vow to a false goddess. Yahweh knows they will not listen to him so he tells them to go ahead and do what they want. Alternate translation: “Very well! If that is what you want to do, then go fulfill your vows and do what you promised to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2802	44:25	vw9i		Now	The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2803	44:26	vwq1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all of Judah	Here “Judah” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2804	44:26	d9iz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	My name will no longer be called upon by the mouths of any of the men of Judah in all the land of Egypt	Here “name” represents the whole being of Yahweh. And, “mouth” represents the whole person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No person of Judah living in the land of Egypt will ever call upon me again” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2805	44:26	n652	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	As the Lord Yahweh lives	“as surely as the Lord Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you transited “As Yahweh lives” Jeremiah 4:2. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” or “I solemnly swear by the Lord Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2806	44:27	c948	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will perish by sword and famine until they are all finished	Here “Every person” is a generalization that means “very many people.” Also, “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Nearly every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will die. Enemies will kill many of them and many of them will starve to death until there is very few of them left” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2807	44:28	ar61	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Then the survivors of the sword	Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Then those whom the enemies do not kill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2808	44:29	vj4v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I am setting against you	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am opposed to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2809	44:29	g448	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	my words will certainly attack you with disaster	Yahweh causing disaster on the people as he promised is spoken of as if his word would attack them. Alternate translation: “what I have said will happen and you will have a disaster” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2810	44:30	wm1f		Look	Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention”
2811	44:30	fk1y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I am about to give Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies and into the hand of those who seek to kill him	Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will allow the enemies who want to kill Pharaoh Hophra, the king of Egypt, to defeat him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2812	44:30	k1p8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hophra	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2813	44:30	sf5s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	when I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, his enemy who sought his life	Here “hand” represents power or control. And, Nebuchadnezzar represents his whole army. The phrase “sought his life” is an idiom that means to want to kill someone. Alternate translation: “when I allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar to defeat Zedekiah king of Judah” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2814	45:intro	m5sy			Jeremiah 45 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter forms a break in the narrative sequence. It records prophecies that have already occurred. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
2815	45:1	n8gv		this was in the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah	This information can be placed at the beginning of 45:1 as in the UST.
2816	45:1	uid7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	in the fourth year of Jehoiakim	The words “of the rule” are understood. Alternate translation: “in the fourth year of the rule of Jehoiakim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2817	45:1	d24t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	fourth year	The word “fourth” is the ordinal form of the number four. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2818	45:1	w799		he said	Alternate translation: “Jeremiah said to Baruch”
2819	45:3	vg45		for Yahweh has added agony to my pain	Alternate translation: “for I was already suffering and now Yahweh causes me to be sad as well”
2820	45:3	jwx7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	My groaning has wearied me	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word groaning, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “cry.” Alternate translation: “I am tired because I cry so much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2821	45:4	sdw1		This is what you must say to him	Yahweh is telling Jeremiah what to say to Baruch.
2822	45:5	jtj1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	But are you hoping for great things for yourself?	Yahweh uses a question to state that he knows Baruch is hoping for others to treat him in a special way. Alternate translation: “I know you hope for great things for yourself.” or “I know you hope others will honor you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2823	45:5	m1dh		For see	Alternate translation: “For understand” or “Be aware”
2824	45:5	n1jc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	your life as your plunder everywhere you will go	Allowing Baruch to escape and remain alive is spoken of as if his life were plunder that he would take after a battle. Alternate translation: “but wherever you go, I will protect you and allow you to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2825	45:5	a5tu		plunder	things stolen from a place by force
2826	46:intro	ul65			Jeremiah 46 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 46:3-12, 14-24. This begins a section where Jeremiah prophesies about other nations. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Special concepts in this chapter Justice Much of Jeremiah is concerned with Yahweh’s punishment of Judah. Yahweh used Egypt to punish Judah. Because Yahweh is just, he is going to punish Egypt for their evil deeds as well. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Battle preparations Jeremiah commands the Egyptian army to prepare for battle, even though they will not be able to defend themselves. Their punishment has already been determined by Yahweh.
2827	46:1	sfw3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2828	46:1	e496	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 14:1, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2829	46:2	q4ql		For Egypt	This phrase indicates this message is intended for the nation of Egypt.
2830	46:2	zfd4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Necho	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2831	46:2	dv75	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Carchemish	This is the name of a city on the west bank of the Euphrates. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2832	46:2	tsq6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon	Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “that the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2833	46:2	nsv9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	in the fourth year of Jehoiakim	This refers to the fourth year of Jehoiakim’s reign. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “in the fourth year of the reign of Jehoiakim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2834	46:2	v9gg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	the fourth year	The word “fourth” is the ordinal form of “four.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2835	46:4	vhi9		Put the harness on the horses; mount up on the horses	A “harness” is a set of straps placed on a horse so that it can pull a chariot. Here “mount up on the horses” means that the soldiers rode in the chariots that the horses were pulling.
2836	46:4	z233		helmets	A helmet is armor which protects the head in battle.
2837	46:4	v58m		polish the spears	This phrase means to “sharpen” the spear.
2838	46:5	nj2q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What am I seeing here?	The word “I” here refer to Yahweh. Yahweh uses a question to introduce the vision and to draw attention to what he says next. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at what is happening here” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2839	46:5	hry1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	They are filled with terror	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word terror, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “The Egyptian soldiers are terrified” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2840	46:6	gr1r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	the swift cannot run away, and the soldiers cannot escape	These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that no one, not even the strongest and fastest, can escape. The nominal adjective “the swift” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “even the swiftest soldier cannot escape” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2841	46:6	bv4q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	They stumble in the north and fall beside the Euphrates River	Both statements mean the same thing. Being and dying in battle is spoken of as if the soldiers stumble and fall. Alternate translation: “The Egyptian soldiers suffer defeat and die in the north by the Euphrates River” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2842	46:7	j7fk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who is this who rises like the Nile & the rivers?	Yahweh uses a question to draw attention to what he is about to say concerning Egypt. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at who rises like the Nile … the rivers.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2843	46:8	n8ng	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Egypt rises like the Nile	The Nile river floods its banks once a year, covering the surrounding area with water. Yahweh compares the kingdom of Egypt to the Nile because the Egyptian people think they are mighty enough to destroy cities in all the lands. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2844	46:8	udt1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Egypt rises & Egypt says & I will	Here “Egypt” represents all the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “The Egyptians rise … The Egyptians say … We will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2845	46:9	ew5h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Go up, horses. Be angry, you chariots	Here “horses” and “chariots” represent the soldiers who use horses and chariots in battle. The leaders of Egypt are ordering their soldiers to start the battle. Alternate translation: “Go up to battle, you soldiers on horses. Fight furiously, you soldiers in chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2846	46:9	a538	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Let the soldiers go out, Cush and Put, men skillful with a shield	This command can be addressed directly to the soldiers. What they were to go out for can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “You soldiers from Cush and Put, who are skillful with your shields, go out to battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2847	46:9	fz8w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Cush & Put	These are biblical names for the countries of Ethiopia and Libya. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2848	46:9	c8vs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	Ludim, men skillful at bending their bows	The ideas of soldiers and going out to battle are understood from earlier in the sentence. They can be repeated. This command can also be addressed directly to the soldiers. Alternate translation: “you soldiers from Lud, who are skillful at bending your bows, go out to battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2849	46:9	mem7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ludim	This is the name of the people group from the nation of Lud. Lud is the biblical name for Lydia. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2850	46:9	awb5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	skillful at bending their bows	The phrase “bend the bow” means to pull the string of the bow back with an arrow in order to shoot the arrow. Alternate translation: “skillful at shooting arrows from their bows” or “skillful with the bow and arrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2851	46:10	k221		That day	This phrase refers to the day the Egyptians lose the battle to the Babylonians.
2852	46:10	kb95	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	for the Lord Yahweh of hosts, and he will avenge himself on his foes	Yahweh speaks of himself in third person. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “for me, Lord Yahweh of hosts, and I will avenge myself on my foes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2853	46:10	xmi3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The sword will devour and be satisfied. It will drink its fill of their blood	This speaks of Yahweh’s sword as if it were devouring people and drinking blood. Both these phrases are saying similar thing and are combined to emphasize that there will be complete destruction. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy my enemy. It will be like my sword devours them and gets drunk on their blood” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2854	46:10	c3fe	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The sword will devour	Yahweh punishing and killing his enemies is spoken of as if he would use a sword to kill them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2855	46:10	i9dw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	For there will be a sacrifice	Yahweh avenging himself by causing the Egyptians to lose in battle against the Babylonians is spoken of as if the Egyptian army would be a sacrifice to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “For the Egyptians will be like a sacrifice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2856	46:11	h7iu		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh finishes his declaration to Egypt.
2857	46:11	b1x3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	Go up to Gilead and obtain medicine	Gilead was a region famous for having people skillful with medicine. Yahweh is mocking the Egyptians by telling them to go get medicine, but he knows it will not help them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2858	46:11	k73x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	virgin daughter of Egypt	The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the virgin daughter of Egypt. Alternate translation: “people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2859	46:12	m6ni		disgrace	This word means a condition of feeling ashamed or the loss of respect.
2860	46:12	xc2h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The earth is filled with your laments	Here “earth” is a metonym for the people of the earth and a generalization for the people who know what has happened to Egypt. All the people of the earth hearing the Egyptians crying is spoken of as if their laments filled the earth. Alternate translation: “All the people of the earth hear you crying” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2861	46:12	jk5t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	for soldier stumbles against soldier; both of them fall together	Soldiers dying in battle is spoken of as if they were stumbling and falling down. Alternate translation: “for your soldiers die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2862	46:13	q31x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	when Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon	Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “when the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2863	46:13	jr9a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the land of Egypt	Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the people of Egypt” or “the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2864	46:14	g5lu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Migdol	Translate the name of this city as you did in Jeremiah 44:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2865	46:14	qy9a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Memphis & Tahpanhes	Translate the names of these cities as you did in Jeremiah 2:16. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2866	46:14	b4vr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the sword will devour those around you	The word “sword” here represents soldiers carrying weapons. The enemy soliders killing people is spoken of as if their swords were devouring people. Alternate translation: “your enemies will kill people all around you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2867	46:15	a8tg		Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand	Some Bibles translate this as “Why has Apis fled? Why did your bull not stand?” Apis was an Egyptian god that was represented by the form of a bull. The bull is often a symbol for strength. That is why the ULT and other versions of the Bible translate this as “strong ones” or “mighty ones,” which refers to soldiers.
2868	46:15	i1pz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why are your mighty ones face-down on the ground? They will not stand	Yahweh uses a question to mock the strength of the Egyptian soldiers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers are face-down on the ground and will not stand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2869	46:16	a5tm		He increases the numbers of those who stumble	Alternate translation: “Yahweh causes more and more of your soldiers to stumble”
2870	46:16	c7x1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Let us leave this sword that is beating us down	Here “sword” represents the enemy soldiers who are carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Let us run away from our enemies because they are killing us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2871	46:17	bd2w		They proclaimed there	This could mean: (1) “they” refers to people in general who are in Egypt or (2) “they” refers to the foreign soldiers who are fleeing to their native lands of Cush, Put, and Lud.
2872	46:17	kv5n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Pharaoh the king of Egypt is only a noise, one who has let his opportunity slip away	These two phrases are saying that the nation of Egypt has become of little importance. The phrase “only a noise” is an idiom that means a person says he will do something but he does not do it. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh brags much but cannot do what he brags he will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2873	46:18	a2ci	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	declares the King	Here “King” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “this is what I, the King, declare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2874	46:18	gmj6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	someone will come like Mount Tabor and Mount Carmel by the sea	This refers to the nation of Babylon who will be as overwhelming to the nation of Egypt as the these two mountains are to the plains that surround them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2875	46:18	t2bs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mount Tabor	This is the name of a mountain in the northern part of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2876	46:19	n24i		Pack for yourselves baggage to carry into exile	Alternate translation: “Prepare to go into exile”
2877	46:20	nf61	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Egypt is a very beautiful young cow	The nation of Egypt, which was very strong and prosperous, is spoken of as if it were a beautiful young cow. Alternate translation: “Egypt is like a very beautiful heifer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2878	46:20	pcx7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	but a stinging insect	The enemy army coming to attack the Egyptians is spoken of as if the army were an insect that stings. Alternate translation: “but a powerful army like a stinging insect” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2879	46:21	duz9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	soldiers in her midst are like a fattened bull	The writer compares soldiers to “fattened bulls” because the soldiers are well cared for by the Egyptians just as a farmer takes care of a bull and makes it fat. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2880	46:21	y6gt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	They will not stand together	To “stand together” is an idiom meaning to remain united. The writer is saying that the soldiers will not fight as a unit but will run away thinking only of saving themselves. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2881	46:21	h8zt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the day of their disaster is coming against them	This speaks of a day as if it travels and arrives in a location. Alternate translation: “they will experience disaster on that day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2882	46:22	pc27	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Egypt hisses like a snake and crawls away	The inability of the Egyptians to do anything to stop their enemy is spoken of as if they were snakes that can only hiss and crawl away. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2883	46:22	z1yp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	They are going toward her like woodcutters with axes	The enemies coming with the weapons to destroy the Egyptians is spoken of as if they were woodcutters with axes preparing to cut down a tree. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2884	46:23	q15l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They will cut down the forests & although it is very dense	This continues speaking of the enemy army attacking the Egyptians as if the army were woodcutters cutting down trees. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will kill many Egyptians like woodcutters cutting down a forest … even though there are very many trees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2885	46:23	p42g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2886	46:23	gvh6		locusts	This is a type of insect that travels in very large groups and can cause great destruction by eating crops.
2887	46:23	dl76	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	unable to be counted	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will be able to count them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2888	46:24	ut6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The daughter of Egypt will be made ashamed	The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Egypt. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will humiliate the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2889	46:24	n1ba	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	She will be given into the hand of people from the north	Here “hand” represents power or control. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will allow the people from the north to defeat the Egyptians” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2890	46:25	v4iz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Amon of Thebes	“Amon” is the king of the Egyptian gods. “Thebes” is the capital of the northern part of Egypt, and here it represents the people of Thebes. Alternate translation: “Amon, god of Thebes” or “Amon, god of the people of Thebes” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2891	46:25	au2w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Egypt and her gods	Here “Egypt” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Egypt and the gods they worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2892	46:26	pq89	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I am giving them into the hand of the ones seeking their lives	Here “hand” represents power or control. The phrase “seeking their lives” is an idiom that mean to want to kill someone. Alternate translation: “I will allow those who are wanting to kill them to defeat them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2893	46:26	n18z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	and into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants	Here “hand” represents power or control. “Nebuchadnezzar … his servants” names specifically “the ones seeking their lives.” Alternate translation: “that is, I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants to defeat the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2894	46:26	zb51	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Then after this Egypt will be inhabited	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then after this, people will live in Egypt again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2895	46:27	cfi7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	my servant Jacob, do not fear. Do not be dismayed, Israel	These two phrases mean the same thing. Here “Jacob” and “Israel” represent the people of Israel. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people should not be afraid. Alternate translation: “people of Israel, my servants, do not be afraid” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2896	46:27	n8yh		from the land of their captivity	Alternate translation: “from the land where they are captives”
2897	46:28	r2ij	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	I will bring complete destruction against all the nations	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word destruction, you can express the same idea with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy all the nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2898	46:28	h92x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	will certainly not leave you unpunished	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2899	47:intro	y84e			Jeremiah 47 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 47:2-7. Jeremiah’s prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Flood waters This chapter uses the imagery of a flood to describe the enemies who conquer the Philistines. Their destruction will be swift and complete. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2900	47:1	up7u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah	The idiom “the word of Yahweh that came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 14:1, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2901	47:1	z4d3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This word came to him	The idiom “this word came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave this message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2902	47:1	n7b3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	before Pharaoh	Here “Pharaoh” represents the Egyptians army. Alternate translation: “before Pharaoh’s army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2903	47:2	br4s		See	The word “see” alerts us to pay attention to what is about to be said.
2904	47:2	na2f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	floods of water are rising in the north. They will be like an overflowing river!	The two phrases have a similar meaning. The enemy army is spoken of as if it were a flood. Alternate translation: “an army in the north will come like a flood. They will be powerful like an overflowing river” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2905	47:2	wnx1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they will overflow the land	This continues speaking of the army from the north as an overflowing river. Alternate translation: “like an overflowing river, the army from the north will destroy the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2906	47:3	yv46	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	At the sound of the stamping of their strong horses’ hooves, at the roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels	Together these represent the sounds of an oncoming army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2907	47:3	yya7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	at the roar of their chariots and the noise of their wheels	These two phrase have similar meanings and they are combined to emphasize the loud noise they will make. Alternate translation: “at the very loud sound of the wheels of the chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2908	47:4	q4r1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	For the day is coming that will devastate all of the Philistines, to cut off from Tyre	This speaks of a day as if it were something that travels and arrives in a place. Alternate translation: “For on that day, the enemy army will devastate all of the Philistines and cut off from Tyre” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2909	47:4	f7br	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to cut off from Tyre and Sidon every survivor who wants to help them	Removing someone is spoken of as if they were cut off the way a person may cut a branch from a tree or a piece of cloth from a garment. Alternate translation: “to remove anyone who may want to help Tyre and Sidon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2910	47:4	g199	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Caphtor	This is the name of an island of the northern region of the Philistines. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2911	47:5	u8ep	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Baldness will come upon Gaza	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word baldness, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “bald.” “Gaza” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people of Gaza will shave their heads bald” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2912	47:5	yv2n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Baldness	The shaving of the entire head or portions of the head is a sign of great sorrow practiced by idol worshipers in nations such as Philistia. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2913	47:5	dw3l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	the people & will be made silent	This could mean: (1) the people will be silent because they are mourning or (2) this is a euphemism that means the enemy soldiers will kill them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2914	47:5	m4h3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How long will you cut yourself in mourning?	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Ashkelon will never stop mourning. Yahweh speaks to the people as if he were speaking to one woman, who is a metaphor for the city itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will forever cut yourselves in mourning.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2915	47:5	f7f4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	cut yourself in mourning	The cutting of one’s skin was another practice done by the idol worshipers when they mourn the dead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2916	47:6	eck8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	sword of Yahweh! How long will it be until you become silent? Go back to your scabbard! Stop and be silent.	The Philistines speak to the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could hear them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you who are holding your sword! When will you stop striking us with your sword? Stop your sword and put it back in its scabbard!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2917	47:6	m6j8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	sword of Yahweh	Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army from the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking them with a sword. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2918	47:6	cid1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How long will it be until you become silent?	The people of the Philistines use this question to express their deep frustration about the devastation caused by their enemies. This may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please be silent!” or “Please, Yahweh, stop striking us with your sword!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2919	47:6	r4br	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	you become silent	A sword makes a noise as it slashes back and forth. Asking the sword to be silent means to ask it to stop slashing and killing. Alternate translation: “you rest” or “you stop slashing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2920	47:6	hg5n		scabbard	This is the case used to protect the blade of a sword.
2921	47:7	x3p6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	How can it rest & along the sea?	Here Jeremiah is speaking. He continues speaking of the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could rest. Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army of the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking the people with a sword. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It cannot rest … along the sea.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2922	47:7	w3uj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How can it rest when Yahweh has commanded it, when he has ordered & the sea?	Jeremiah uses a question to mean that the sword cannot stop since Yahweh has commanded it to continue killing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It cannot stop, for Yahweh has commanded it. He has ordered … the sea.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2923	48:intro	d44i			Jeremiah 48 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 48:1-25, 28-33, 39-47. Jeremiah’s prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Special concepts in this chapter Obeying Yahweh Moab worshiped and served other gods. Despite this, Yahweh expected every nation to worship and serve him and him alone. They were punished because of it. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
2924	48:1	r24j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2925	48:1	kuu3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	To Moab	Here “Moab” represents the people. Alternate translation: “To the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2926	48:1	tu4z		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2927	48:1	xw9v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Woe to Nebo, for it has been devastated	Here “Nebo” represents the people. Alternate translation: “How terrible it is for the people of Nebo, for their city is devastated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2928	48:1	b21z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nebo	This is the name of a city near Mount Nebo in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2929	48:1	vv99	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Kiriathaim has been humiliated	Here “Kiriathaim has been humiliated” represents the people being humiliated. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy has captured the city of Kiriathaim and humiliated the people who live there” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2930	48:1	e7lp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kiriathaim	This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2931	48:1	w4q3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Her fortress has been disgraced	Here “fortress has been disgraced” represents the people being disgraced. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy has destroyed the fortress in Kiriathaim and disgraced its people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2932	48:2	f8nr		The honor of Moab is no more	Alternate translation: “People no longer honor Moab” or “People no longer praise Moab”
2933	48:2	hq3s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Heshbon	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2934	48:2	dmn9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Madmen will also perish	“Madmen” here is a town in Moab. The name of the city has nothing to do with the English word “madmen.” Alternate translation: “Their enemies will destroy the city of Madmen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2935	48:2	ie7u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a sword will go after you	Here “sword” represents the enemy army carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “your enemies will chase after you and kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2936	48:3	f5ti	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Horonaim	This is the name of a town in the south of Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2937	48:3	ue2v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	ruin and great destruction	These two terms mean the same thing. Together they emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2938	48:4	u8km	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Moab has been destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army has destroyed Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2939	48:4	h6mu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Her children	This could mean: (1) the children who lived in Moab or (2) “children” is a metonym that represents the people of Moab in general. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2940	48:5	uj9q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Luhith	This is the name of a place in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2941	48:5	cpt9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	because of the destruction	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word destruction, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroyed.” Alternate translation: “because their town is destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2942	48:6	lhh3		Save your lives	The word “your” refers to the people of Moab.
2943	48:6	kv9q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	become like a juniper bush in the wilderness	The people fleeing from their cities into the desert is compared to a bush or shrub that grows in the desert. Alternate translation: “become like a shrub that grows in the wilderness” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2944	48:7	gkg1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	because of your trust	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word trust, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “because you trusted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2945	48:7	z18z		in your practices	Alternate translation: “in your own efforts” or “in your own work”
2946	48:7	v42e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	you also will be captured	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy army will also capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2947	48:7	x4hy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Then Chemosh will go away into captivity	“Chemosh” is the chief god of the Moabites. This means the enemy army will take the idol of Chemosh that the people made to worship. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will take your god Chemosh as a captive” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2948	48:8	uxi3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	For the destroyer will come to every city	Here “the destroyer” represents the enemy army. Alternate translation: “For the enemy army will come to every city and destroy it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2949	48:8	wca7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	no city will escape	Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “no people from any city will escape” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2950	48:8	e6c4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	So the valley will perish and the plain will be devastated	Here “valley” and “plain” represent the cities and the people in those places Alternate translation: “So the enemy army will destroy everything in the valleys and on the plains” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2951	48:9	jd6u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Give wings to Moab, for she must certainly fly away	Helping the people is spoken of as if they would put wings on the people so that could fly away. Alternate translation: “Help the people of Moab to escape as if you were giving them wings to fly away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2952	48:9	eq9z		Give wings to Moab, for she must certainly fly away	The translation of the original language is uncertain. Some Bibles translate this as “Set up a tombstone for Moab, for the enemy will certainly destroy it.” Other Bibles translate it as “Put salt on the cities of Moab, for the enemy will completely destroy it.” Enemies through salt on ruins to keep thing from ever growing there again.
2953	48:10	c5zb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from shedding blood	Here “blood” represents a person’s life. And “shedding blood” is an idiom that means to kill. Alternate translation: “from killing people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2954	48:11	lvs4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Moab has felt secure since he was young & He is & his wine & He has never gone & he tastes & his flavor	Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of “he” and “his” can be stated as “they,” “their,” or “them.” Alternate translation: “Even from their earliest times, the people of Moab have felt secure … They are … their wine … They have never gone … they tastes … their flavor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2955	48:11	tpx9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	He is like his wine that has never been poured from pot to pot	For wine to taste good, it has to be left undisturbed for a long time and not poured from one pot to another. Yahweh compares the people of Moab, who are prosperous because no one has ever conquered them and taken them as captives, to wine that is undisturbed and has a good flavor. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2956	48:12	mt13		So see, the days are coming	Alternate translation: “Listen carefully because there will be a time”
2957	48:12	p3kf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2958	48:12	z48t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will send him those who will tip him over and pour out all his pots and shatter his jars	The enemy army defeating the people of Moab and taking them as captives is spoken of as if the people of Moab are wine and someone will come and pour them out and break the wine jars. Alternate translation: “I will send an army that will destroy them as if they were pouring out wine and breaking the jars” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2959	48:12	nky7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	send him & tip him over & his pots & his jars	Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of “he,” “his,” and “him” in 48:11-12 can be stated as “they,” “their,” or “them.” Alternate translation: “send them … tip them over … their pots … their jars” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2960	48:13	le7f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Then Moab	Here “Moab” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2961	48:13	biu2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Chemosh	Chemosh is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this name in Jeremiah 48:7. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2962	48:13	qrf9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 2:4. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2963	48:13	fr2l		Bethel	This could mean: (1) this refers to the city of Bethel where the Israelites worshiped a golden calf or (2) Bethel is the name of a false god the Israelites worshiped.
2964	48:14	r8r7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men’?	Here Yahweh is speaking to the soldiers of Moab. Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the soldiers. Alternate translation: “No longer can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2965	48:15	z5yr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Moab will be devastated and its cities attacked	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will devastate Moab and attack its cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2966	48:15	b73e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	its finest young men have gone down to the place of slaughter	The best men of Moab going to battle and being killed is spoken of as if they were animals taken to a place to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “their fine young men will all be slaughtered” or “the enemy army will kill all of the finest men of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2967	48:15	x1zc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	This is the king’s declaration	Here “king” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 46:18. Alternate translation: “This is what I, the king, declare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2968	48:16	f7i9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Moab’s disaster is soon to happen; calamity is hurrying quickly	These two sentences mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Moab’s destruction will happen very soon. Alternate translation: “Moab’s enemies will destroy her very soon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2969	48:16	u5tf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	calamity is hurrying quickly	Something terrible happening soon is spoken of as if calamity were something that could move quickly to a place. Alternate translation: “terrible things will happen very soon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2970	48:17	l1hb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the strong staff, the honored rod, has been broken	Here the words “staff” and “rod” represent the power and political support that Moab provided to other nations. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moab’s enemies have ended her great power” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2971	48:18	f8bi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you daughter living in Dibon	The people of Dibon are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Dibon. Alternate translation: “you people living in Dibon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2972	48:18	l7bv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Dibon	This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2973	48:18	y9wk		the one who will destroy Moab	Alternate translation: “the enemy army that will destroy Moab”
2974	48:19	l7di	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Aroer	This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2975	48:19	vrl3		Ask the ones	Alternate translation: “Ask the people” or “Ask the men and women”
2976	48:20	zk9c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Moab has been shamed, for it has been shattered	Here “Moab” represents the people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people are disgraced, for the enemy army has destroyed Moab” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2977	48:20	lmj3		Howl and lament	Alternate translation: “Cry loudly in pain and anger”
2978	48:20	zl7d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	that Moab has been devastated	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the enemy army has devastated Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2979	48:21	m1zb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	punishment has come to the hill country, to Holon & Mephaath	Yahweh punishing the people of the hill country and cities of Moab is spoken of as if punishment were something that could travel and arrive in a place. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will punish the people of the hill country, of Holon … Mephaath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2980	48:21	wa5a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Holon, Jahzah, and Mephaath	These are cities in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2981	48:24	z44v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bozrah	a city in Moab (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2982	48:25	y4ql	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The horn of Moab has been hacked off; its arm has been broken	Both of these statements mean the same thing. Here “horn” and “arm” represent power. To have these hacked off or broken means to lose one’s power. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moab has become weak; the people are not able to fight anymore” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2983	48:25	b8p9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2984	48:26	r5qs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	Make him drunk, because he acted proudly against Yahweh	Yahweh is speaking. The command “Make him drunk” indicates what Yahweh will cause to happen. Here “him” and “he” refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will cause the people of Moab to be drunk, for they acted proudly against me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2985	48:26	v6it	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Make him drunk	Here people experiencing Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if they were drunk on wine, acting foolishly so that people laugh at them. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to be like a drunk person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2986	48:26	lx5w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Let Moab wallow in his vomit & an object of ridicule	Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Moab as if they were a drunk person. Alternate translation: “Now the people of Moab will be like a person who wallows in his vomit … an object of ridicule (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2987	48:26	ln6t		let him be an object of ridicule	Alternate translation: “so that people will laugh at him”
2988	48:27	hq3z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	For did not Israel become an object for laughter to you?	Yahweh uses a question to remind the people of Moab how they treated the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “For you used to mock and laugh at the people of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2989	48:27	j56c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Israel & Was he found & at him & about him	Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel … Were they found … at them … about them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2990	48:27	ft2u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Was he found among thieves, so that you shook your head & about him?	Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people of Moab for treating the people of Israel with shame though they did nothing wrong. Alternate translation: “Although they were not thieves, you still shook your head … about him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2991	48:27	s168	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	shook your head at him	This is a symbolic action that shows feeling of scorn or disgust towards someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2992	48:28	e2f5		cliffs	A cliff is a steep side of a mountain.
2993	48:28	ag7z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Become like a dove & in the rocks	This simile emphasizes the people should leave their cities and live in the rocky cliffs to hide from their enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2994	48:28	bp3p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the mouth of a hole in the rocks	Here “mouth of a hole” is an idiom that means the entrance to a cave. Alternate translation: “the entrance to caves” or “an opening in the rocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2995	48:29	zjt4		We have heard	Here “We” refers generally to all the people in the surrounding area.
2996	48:29	c6m3		arrogance & haughtiness & pride & self-glory & conceit in his heart	All of these words have similar meanings. They are used together to emphasize the extreme pride of the people of Moab.
2997	48:29	qa3k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the conceit in his heart	Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “his conceit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2998	48:30	sx8k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	I myself know his defiant speech	The word “myself” is used to emphasize that Yahweh was the one who knew about Moab’s defiant speech. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2999	48:30	wf2k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his defiant speech & like his deeds	Here “his” refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “their defiant speech … like their deeds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3000	48:30	s8fk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	his defiant speech	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word speech, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “that he has spoken pridefully” or “that he has spoken arrogant words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3001	48:31	jtn1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	I will howl a lament for Moab, and I will shout in sorrow for all of Moab	Both of these statements mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will cry loudly for the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3002	48:31	cdx5		I will howl	This could mean: (1) “I” refers to Jeremiah or (2) “I” refers to Yahweh.
3003	48:31	x2jk		howl	a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain or deep sorrow
3004	48:31	be4l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kir Hareseth	This is the name of the old capital city of Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3005	48:32	xbx7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jazer & Sibmah	These are the names of two towns in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3006	48:32	xk3l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	vine of Sibmah! Your branches passed & your wine	The town of Sibmah had many vineyards. Here, Yahweh speaks to the people of Sibmah as if there were a grapevine. Alternate translation: “people of Sibmah, who are like a grapevine with branches that passed … your wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3007	48:32	z5h3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The destroyers have attacked your summer fruit and your wine	Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Sibmah as if they were a grapevine. Alternate translation: “The destroyers have attacked you and have taken the fruit from your vineyards and your wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3008	48:32	lk5n		The destroyers have	Alternate translation: “The enemy army has”
3009	48:33	kv8p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	So celebration and rejoicing have been taken away from the fruit trees and the land of Moab	The abstract nouns “celebration” and “rejoicing” can be stated as verbs. The phrase “have been taken away” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab will no longer celebrate and rejoice because of their fruit trees” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3010	48:33	fn4p		I have put an end to the wine from their winepresses	Alternate translation: “I have stopped the wine from their winepresses” or “I have stopped the people from making wine”
3011	48:33	u8yw		I have put an end	Here “I” refers to Yahweh.
3012	48:33	db16	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	They will not tread	The wine makers would stomp on the grapes to squeeze out the juice. Alternate translation: “The wine makers will not stomp the grapes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3013	48:34	hx1i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Heshbon	Translate the name of this city as you did in Jeremiah 48:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3014	48:34	zq8f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Elealeh & Jahaz & Zoar & Horonaim & Eglath Shelishiyah	These are names of other cities in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3015	48:34	puy7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nimrim	This is the name of a stream or river near the Dead Sea. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3016	48:35	ler4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3017	48:36	jaw6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my heart is lamenting for Moab like a flute	Here “heart” represents the whole person. The person’s sad crying is compared to the sad music played on a flute at a funeral. Alternate translation: “I cry sadly for Moab. My cries are like the sad music a person plays on a flute at a funeral” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3018	48:36	qwv8		my heart	This could mean: (1) “my” refers to Jeremiah or (2) “my” refers to Yahweh.
3019	48:36	b311	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kir Hareseth	Kir Hareseth was an ancient capital of Moab. See how you translated this name in Jeremiah 48:31. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3020	48:37	mzh2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	For every head is bald and every beard shaved. Incisions are on every hand, and sackcloth is around their waists	These are all things that the people of Moab did when they were mourning or expressing deep sorrow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3021	48:37	t4g3		Incisions	cuts made on the skin
3022	48:38	yc69	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	There is mourning everywhere	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word mourning, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “There are people mourning everywhere” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3023	48:38	vhp3		every flat roof	Alternate translation: “every housetop”
3024	48:38	k4ve		plazas	open public areas, such as open marketplaces
3025	48:38	x6fh		For I have destroyed	The word “I” refers to Yahweh
3026	48:38	aj4j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3027	48:39	bl2b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	How it has been shattered! How they howl in their lamenting!	Here “How” begins exclamations. The phrase “has been shattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have completely shattered them! They shout loudly and weep!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3028	48:39	kh25		howl	a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain
3029	48:39	n6k8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Moab turns its back in shame	Here Moab represents the people. To turn one’s back is a sign of feeling ashamed. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab turn their backs in shame” or “The people of Moab are ashamed and will not show their faces” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3030	48:39	b4ii	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	So Moab will become an object of derision and a terror to all those who are around him	This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “derision” and “terror.” Alternate translation: “So all the people nearby will be terrified at what happened to the people of Moab and they will mock them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3031	48:40	m362	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	the enemy will come flying like an eagle, spreading out his wings	These phrases compare how a powerful army will descend on Moab and conquer it to the way an eagle swoops down to capture its prey. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3032	48:41	bm6y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Kerioth has been captured, and its strongholds have been seized	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy has captured Kerioth and seized its strongholds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3033	48:41	ud2e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kerioth	This is a city in Moab. See how you translated this name in Jeremiah 48:24. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3034	48:41	l119	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	in that day the hearts of Moab’s soldiers & women in birth labor	This phrase compares the fear that will overwhelm the soldiers of Moab to the fear a woman may feel when she is about to give birth to her child. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3035	48:41	nyn5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hearts of Moab’s soldiers will be like the hearts of women in birth labor	Here “hearts” represent a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “Moab’s soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3036	48:42	a6pz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	So Moab will be destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So the enemy will destroy the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3037	48:43	dsi5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Terror and the pit, and a trap are coming on you	Here “coming on you” is an idiom that means “to experience” something. Alternate translation: “You will experience the terror, the pit, and a trap” or “You will be terrified, and you will fall into pits and traps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3038	48:43	r55q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3039	48:44	qa8k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	fall into the pit & caught in the trap	Here “the pit” and “the trap” represent all the different bad things that will happen to the people. People will run away to escape one bad thing but they will just experience another bad thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3040	48:44	n33r		in the year of	Here, “year” could be translated as “time” or “season” or “time period.”
3041	48:45	gbj4		The ones who flee	This refers to the people who were able to run away during the destruction of Moab.
3042	48:45	jpn8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	will stand in the shadow of Heshbon	Here “in the shadow” represents protection or shelter. Alternate translation: “will hide in Heshbon for protection” or “will go to Heshbon for shelter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3043	48:45	ypv8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	for fire will go out from Heshbon, flame from the middle of Sihon	These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Moab’s destruction will begin and spread out from Heshbon, where King Sihon once lived. Alternate translation: because a fire will burn in Heshbon, which is the city where King Sihon lived long ago (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3044	48:45	r5h5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Heshbon	Translate the name of this city as you did in Jeremiah 48:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3045	48:45	m2yh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Sihon	This is the name of an Amorite king who once ruled over Heshbon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3046	48:45	ail8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	It will devour the forehead of Moab and the top of the heads of the boastful people	Here “forehead” and “top of the heads” represent the people of Moab as a whole. Alternate translation: “It will burn up all the people in Moab who noisily boasted very much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3047	48:45	rkn8		forehead	the part of the face that is above the eyes, but below the hairline
3048	48:46	fd8h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Chemosh’s people are destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The enemy army has destroyed the people who worship Chemosh” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3049	48:46	dpj3		Chemosh	This is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 48:7.
3050	48:46	k4g8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	your sons are taken as captives and your daughters into captivity	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy army has taken your sons and daughters as captives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3051	48:47	b2it		I will restore the fortunes of Moab	“I will cause things to go well for Moab again” or “I will cause Moab to live well again.” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 29:14.
3052	48:47	ei27	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3053	48:47	i5t1		The judgment on Moab ends here	Alternate translation: “That is the end of what Jeremiah prophesied about Moab”
3054	49:intro	t6np			Jeremiah 49 General Notes Structure and formatting The ULT sets the lines in 49:1-11, 14-27, 29-33, 37-39 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long quotation. Jeremiah’s prophesies about other nations conclude in this chapter. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Special concepts in this chapter Covenant with Abraham Ammon is destroyed because it drove the people of the tribe of Gad from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham’s descendants. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Rhetorical questions There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to convict those Yahweh addresses. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3055	49:1	q42f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	General Information: See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
3056	49:1	tz36		Yahweh says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 6:6.
3057	49:1	rj3z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Does Israel have no children? Is there no one to inherit anything in Israel? Why does Molech occupy Gad, and his people live in its cities?	Yahweh uses a question to express that the people of Israel should be living in Gad rather than those who worship Molech. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There are plenty of Israelites to inherit the land of Israel. The people who worship the false idol, Molech, should not live in Gad.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3058	49:1	t5qg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Why does Molech	Here “Molech” represents the people who worship Molech. Alternate translation: “Why do the people who worship Molech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3059	49:2	lb84		So look	This adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look and listen”
3060	49:2	b61d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	days are coming & when I will	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:32. Alternate translation: “in the future … I will” or “there will be a time … when I will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3061	49:2	i8qt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3062	49:2	jfb2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	when I will sound the signal for battle	Yahweh causing an army to attack is spoken of as if he would sound the signal for the battle to start. Alternate translation: “when I will cause the enemy army to sound the signal for battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3063	49:2	cl24		its villages will be set on fire	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the enemy army will burn their villages”
3064	49:2	p4ct	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	For Israel will possess those who possessed him	Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. “Those” refers to people of Ammon, who represent the land that they took from Israel. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Israel will again possess the land that the people of Ammon took away from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3065	49:3	ve5q		Howl in lament	Alternate translation: “Cry loudly and weep”
3066	49:3	ywk1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Heshbon	Translate the name of this city as you did in Jeremiah 48:2. Here “Heshbon” represents the people. Alternate translation: “people of Heshbon” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3067	49:3	kfc8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	for Ai will be devastated	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for your enemies will devastate Ai” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3068	49:3	bf53	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	daughters of Rabbah	This could mean: (1) “daughters” represent the women who live in Rabbah. Alternate translation: “women of Rabbah” or (2) all the people in general are spoken of as if they are the daughters of Rabbah. Alternate translation: “people of Rabbah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3069	49:3	z6g9		for Molech is going into captivity	“for your enemies will take your god Molech captive.” This means the enemies will take the idol that represents Molech back to their land.
3070	49:4	p3m1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why do you brag about your valleys & daughter?	Yahweh uses a question to scold the people for bragging about the large amount of fruit that grows in their valleys. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not be proud of your valleys … daughter.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3071	49:4	ve6p		Why do you brag about your valleys, your valleys that are so fruitful	Some versions of the Bible read, “Why do you brag about your strength, your strength which is ebbing away”
3072	49:4	a3g4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	faithless daughter	Here, the people of Ammon are spoken of as if they were a daughter. Alternate translation: “faithless people” or “rebellious people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3073	49:4	yq5q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	say, ‘Who will come against me?’	The Ammonites use this question to state that they do not believe anyone can defeat them. It can be reworded as an indirect statement. Alternate translation: “falsely think that no one can defeat you.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3074	49:5	a2bs		you	The word “you” refers to the people of Ammon.
3075	49:5	wlw8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	this terror will come from all those who surround you. Each one of you will be scattered before it	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word terror, you can express the same idea with the verb “terrify.” The phrase “will be scattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cause all those around you to terrify you. Each one of you flee to different directions” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3076	49:7	j239		Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
3077	49:7	j6lv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is there no longer any wisdom to be found in Teman?	Yahweh uses a question to scold the people of Teman for not acting wisely. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3078	49:7	rhs5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Teman	This is the name of a district in Edom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3079	49:7	c4hs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Has good advice & understanding? Has their wisdom become corrupted?	The same idea is expressed in two different ways. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3080	49:7	hk68	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Has good advice disappeared from those who have understanding?	Yahweh uses this question to scold the people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman district in Edom!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3081	49:7	gu21	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Has their wisdom become corrupted?	Yahweh uses this question to scold the people. This question may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Their advice is no longer wise.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3082	49:8	mu6m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Dedan	The is the name of a city in Edom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3083	49:8	b1f3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I am bringing the disaster of Esau on him at the time that I punish him	Here “Esau” represents the people of Edom. The Edomites were descendants of Esau. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Edom to experience disaster when I punish them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3084	49:8	wxg4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	on him & I punish him	Yahweh is speaking to the people of Edom. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “on you … I punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3085	49:9	rj8q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	If grape harvesters & would they not leave a little bit behind?	Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how grape harvesters leave some grapes behind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “If grape harvesters … they would certainly leave some grapes behind.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3086	49:9	j7jl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	If thieves & would they not steal only as much as they wanted?	Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how thieves only take what they want. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “If thieves … they would only take as much as they wanted.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3087	49:10	fyc2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	But I have stripped Esau bare	Yahweh causing an enemy army to come and take everything is spoken of as if Yahweh stripped all the clothes off of Esau. Alternate translation: “But I have sent an army to take everything away from Esau” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3088	49:10	sn3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Esau & his hiding & he will not & hide himself & His children & he is gone	Here “Esau” represents the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom … their hiding … they will not … hide themselves … Their children … they are gone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3089	49:10	i22l		I have revealed his hiding places	Alternate translation: “I have made known to the enemy soldiers where the people of Edom hide”
3090	49:12	l9lp		See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
3091	49:12	auj9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	must certainly drink some of the cup & for you will certainly drink	Here “the cup” is a metonym that represents the contents in the cup that the people must drink. The people experiencing Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if Yahweh’s punishment were liquid in a cup and the people must drink it. Alternate translation: “must certainly experience my punishment … for you will certainly experience my punishment” or “I will certainly still punish … for I will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3092	49:12	h58s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you yourself think you will go without punishment?	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize the people of Edom have sinned and will certainly be punished. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly, you must be aware that you will personally experience my punishment for your sins.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3093	49:12	fb4j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	you yourself	The words “you” and “yourself” refer to Edom, which represents the people of Edom. The word “yourself” is used to draw attention to the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “you yourselves” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
3094	49:13	g6tz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3095	49:13	g35q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Bozrah will become a horror, a disgrace, a devastation, and an object for cursing	The abstract nouns “a horror,” “a disgrace,” and “a devastation” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “People will be horrified when they see that the city of Bozrah is devastated. And they will mock the city and use its name when they curse others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3096	49:13	u174	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bozrah	This is the name of a city in Edom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3097	49:13	d9vp		All of its cities	Alternate translation: “All of Edom’s cities”
3098	49:14	ly1e		General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah is now speaking to the people of Edom.
3099	49:14	h7yn		I have heard	The word “I” refers to Jeremiah.
3100	49:14	vb6a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	a messenger has been sent out	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent out a messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3101	49:14	z9ze	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	to the nations, ‘Gather together & for battle.’	It is understood “Gather together” is the beginning of the messenger’s message. Alternate translation: “to tell the nations, ‘Gather together … for battle.’” or “to the nations, and he will tell them, ‘Gather together … for battle.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3102	49:14	uw6a		attack her	The word “her” refers to Edom.
3103	49:15	pdt6		I have made you	The word “I” refers to Yahweh. Here “you” refers to the nation of Edom.
3104	49:15	g33b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	made you small	Here “small” represents having the least political importance. Alternate translation: “made you least important” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3105	49:15	wr35	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	despised by people	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and people despise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3106	49:16	l7en	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	As for your fearsomeness	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word fearsomeness, you can express the same idea with either an adjective or a verb. Alternate translation: “As for how terrifying you think you are” or “Although you think you scare other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3107	49:16	kjt4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	your heart’s pride has deceived you	Here “heart” represents the whole person. People deceiving themselves is spoken of as if their pride deceived them. Alternate translation: “you have become prideful, but you have deceived yourselves” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3108	49:16	mwf3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	so that you may make your nest high like an eagle	It is implied that the people made homes in high places to remain safe from enemies. Alternate translation: “live in safety like an eagle in the heights of the mountains” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3109	49:16	v7eu		eagle	This is a very large, powerful bird of prey. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 4:13.
3110	49:16	lr1b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3111	49:17	hj17	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Edom will become a horror to everyone passing by it	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word horror, you can express the same idea with the verb “horrified.” Alternate translation: “The people passing by will be horrified when they what happened to Edom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3112	49:17	n5jw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	tremble and hiss	The word “hiss” refers to a sound that shows horror or awe. Alternate translation: “shake from fear and gasp” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3113	49:18	ihe5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	no one will live there; no person will stay there	Yahweh says the same thing twice to emphasize that Edom will be completely uninhabited. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3114	49:19	f4y5		See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
3115	49:19	r4k5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	he will go up like a lion from the forests of the Jordan to the green pasturelands	This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “When I punish the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of forest and attacks sheep in the pasture” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3116	49:19	k55q		pasturelands	This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass.
3117	49:19	yjn4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Edom run from it	Here “Edom” represents the people. “It” refers to the land. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom will run from their land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3118	49:19	c4yq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who will be chosen	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom I will choose” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3119	49:19	l6pt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	For who is like me, and who will summon me?	Yahweh uses the question to emphasize that no one is like him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “For no one is like me, no one can summon me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3120	49:19	j5u5		who will summon me	Alternate translation: “who will challenge me” or “who will call me to account”
3121	49:19	y36a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What shepherd is able to resist me?	Yahweh uses the question to show no one can defeat him. Here “shepherd” is a metaphor for “king” or “ruler.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No king is able to resist me!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3122	49:20	kqc2		the inhabitants of Teman	Alternate translation: “the people who live in Teman”
3123	49:20	yyc7		Teman	Translate the name of this city as you did in Jeremiah 49:7.
3124	49:20	x5ym	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They will certainly be dragged away, even the smallest flock	This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Edom as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will drag them away, even the smallest flock” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3125	49:20	k44h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	even the smallest flock	Here the youngest and weakest people of Edom are spoken of as if they are the smallest flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “even the weakest and the smallest people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3126	49:20	qbe4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places	Here the land of Edom is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places” or “He will completely get rid of the people who live there” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3127	49:21	c9gl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	At the sound of their falling the earth shakes	The loud sound of Edom being destroyed is spoken of as if Edom were a large object that shakes the earth when it falls. Alternate translation: “When enemies come and destroy Edom, the noise will be extremely loud, with the result that the earth will shake” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3128	49:21	mw81	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The sound of distressed shouts is heard at the Sea of Reeds	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People at the Sea of Reeds will hear the people of Edom crying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3129	49:22	u1u7		See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
3130	49:22	u5hd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	someone will attack like an eagle, and swoop down and spread his wings	This simile means that when the enemy army attacks it will be vicious and unexpected. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3131	49:22	fk85	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bozrah	Translate the name of this city as you did in Jeremiah 48:24. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3132	49:22	u2ir	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hearts of Edom’s soldiers will become like the heart of a woman in birth labor	Here “hearts” represent a person’s emotions. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 48:41. Alternate translation: “Edom’s soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3133	49:23	v81s		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh tells what will happen to the people of Damascus.
3134	49:23	yc2q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Hamath and Arpad will be ashamed	Here “Hamath” and “Arpad” represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people who live in Hamath and Arpad will be ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3135	49:23	ecb7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hamath and Arpad	These are cities in Syria. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3136	49:23	tpi9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They melt away	A person being afraid is spoken of as if the person were melting. Alternate translation: “They are very afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3137	49:23	pe7l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	They become as troubled as the sea, which cannot stay calm	The water of the sea is always moving and is never still. This is compared to the people who cannot rest because they are so anxious about the bad news they heard. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3138	49:24	tg9v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Damascus has become very weak. It turns & seizes it	Here “Damascus” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Damascus have become very weak. They turn … seizes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3139	49:24	ik2u		terror seizes it	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word terror, you can express the same idea with the verb “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Damascus is terrified” or “The people of Damascus are terrified”
3140	49:24	b8u2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Distress and pain seize it, like the pain of a woman giving birth	This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “distress” and “pain.” The people are compared to a woman giving birth to emphasize their pain and fear. Alternate translation: “The people are afraid and suffering like a woman giving birth” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3141	49:25	u3wm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy?	Yahweh uses a question to express that the people should have left the city. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This famous city once caused me to rejoice, but now the people should leave it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3142	49:25	c4ki		How has the city of praise not been forsaken, the town of my joy?	Some Bibles translate this with the people of Damascus speaking. Alternate translation: “The people of Damascus say, ‘The famous city, which once made us rejoice, is now empty.’”
3143	49:26	b744		its	The word “its” refers to Damascus and its people.
3144	49:26	p99r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	its young men will fall in its plazas	They young men being killed is spoken of as if they will fall. Alternate translation: “enemies will kill the young men of Damascus in its plazas” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3145	49:26	sd8d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3146	49:27	zq53	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will light a fire	Causing the enemy army to light a fire is spoken of as if Yahweh will light the fire. Alternate translation: “I will cause the enemy army to light a fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3147	49:27	xw47		it will devour	Alternate translation: “the fire will completely burn up”
3148	49:27	ghf4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ben Hadad	This the name or title of the king of Damascus. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3149	49:28	vn4c		General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah speaks about what will happen to Kedar.
3150	49:28	xl4r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kedar	This is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 2:10. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3151	49:28	fp4y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hazor	This is the name of kingdom or district far to the east of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3152	49:28	l7n2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	now Nebuchadnezzar	Here “now” introduces background information about Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
3153	49:28	yq1x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack	Here “Nebuchadnezzar” represents his army. Alternate translation: “the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3154	49:29	mmd9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Their tents and their flocks will be taken, along with their tent curtains and all of their equipment	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers will take their flocks, tent curtains, and all of their equipment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3155	49:29	mdi2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	their camels will be led away from them	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your soldiers will take their camels from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3156	49:29	hri3		men will shout to them, “Terror is on every side!”	This could mean: (1) these are men being attacked by the enemy. Alternate translation: “men will shout, ‘We are terrified because terrible things are happening all around us!’” or (2) these are soldiers in the invading army. Alternate translation: “soldiers will shout at them, ‘Be afraid because we are all around you!’”
3157	49:30	a8sg		Flee! Wander & Turn back!	Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Kedar.
3158	49:30	dpv9		inhabitants of Hazor	Alternate translation: “people who live in Hazor”
3159	49:30	f53n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3160	49:30	l16w		devised a plan	Alternate translation: “made a plan”
3161	49:31	dyc3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Arise! Attack & themselves	Here Yahweh is speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he was there listening to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
3162	49:31	qnr3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Attack the nation at ease, that lives in safety	Here “nation” represents the people living there. Alternate translation: “Attack this nation, whose people feel safe and secure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3163	49:31	hxk3		They & them	The words “They” and “them” refer to the people who feel safe and secure.
3164	49:32	bn78	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	For their camels will become plunder, and the abundance of their property will become war plunder	Yahweh is still speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he were there listening to him. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “For your soldiers will take their camels and all of their property” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3165	49:32	i9ed	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Then I will scatter to every wind	Here “every wind” represents the nations. Alternate translation: “Then I will send to nations in all different directions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3166	49:32	m49g		those who cut the corners of their hair	This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “those who live on the edge of the wilderness.” See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 9:26.
3167	49:32	vge9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3168	49:33	kqm2		a lair of jackals	“a place where jackals live.” Jackals are fierce wild dogs. See how you translated “jackals” in Jeremiah 9:11.
3169	49:33	u8xq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	No one will live there; no human being will stay there	These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Hazor will be completely uninhabited. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3170	49:34	z9k4		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh is speaking about what will happen to Elam.
3171	49:34	iy32	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is the word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 14:1, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3172	49:35	gga5		Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
3173	49:35	f1xj		I am about to break the bowmen of Elam, the main part of their power	Alternate translation: “The archers made Elam very powerful, but I will stop them”
3174	49:35	phc1		bowmen	men who are skilled with a bow and arrows
3175	49:36	k5pp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens	Here “four winds from the four corners” is an idiom that represents wind blowing from every direction. Alternate translation: “I will cause the winds to blow from every direction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3176	49:36	p5sx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will bring the four winds from the four corners of the heavens	Here “winds” represents nations. And the nations are a synecdoche representing the armies from those nations. Causing armies to come from all directions is spoken of as if Yahweh will cause wind to blow from all directions Alternate translation: “I will bring your enemies from every direction to attack you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3177	49:36	hx53	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to all of those winds	Here “winds” represents “nations.” Alternate translation: “to all those nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3178	49:36	a1gl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	There is no nation to which those scattered from Elam will not go	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will scatter the people of Elam to every nation on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
3179	49:37	pcx2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will shatter Elam	These words are a metonym for Yahweh causing enemies to destroy Elam. Alternate translation: “I will cause Elam’s enemies to destroy Elam” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3180	49:37	z98d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Elam	the people of Elam (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3181	49:37	e227	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	those who seek their lives	Seeking a person’s life represents wanting or desiring to kill someone. Alternate translation: “those who want to kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3182	49:37	l2b9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will bring disaster against them	Yahweh causing people to experience disaster is spoken of as if he would bring disaster against them. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to experience disaster” or “I will cause terrible things to happen to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3183	49:37	kkm4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the sword after them	Here “sword” represents the enemy army carrying their weapons. Alternate translation: “the enemy army to pursue and kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3184	49:38	we6b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will put my throne in Elam	Here “throne” represents Yahweh’s right to rule and judge as the king. Alternate translation: “I will judge the people of Elam” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3185	49:39	s61m		in later days	Alternate translation: “in the future”
3186	50:intro	dyn1			Jeremiah 50 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 50:1-5, 6-46. Special concepts in this chapter Babylon destroyed Babylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Israel The author sometimes uses the term “Israel” to refer to the people of the old northern kingdom of Israel, and at other times to the nation of Israel as a whole. He switches between these uses several times without warning the reader. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3187	50:1	mzg3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	General Information: God gives Jeremiah a message about Babylon. See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
3188	50:1	je71	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is the word that Yahweh declared	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3189	50:1	k291	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet	The hand is a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 37:2. Alternate translation: “through Jeremiah, who was a prophet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3190	50:2	gf1a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	cause them to listen & cause them to listen	This phrase is repeated to emphasize the importance of the command. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3191	50:2	a85t		Lift up a signal	Alternate translation: “Put up a sign”
3192	50:2	q3di		Babylon is taken	Alternate translation: “Babylon is conquered”
3193	50:2	zzg6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Bel is made ashamed. Marduk is dismayed. Its idols are put to shame; its images are dismayed	These lines mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh has disgraced the gods of Babylon. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3194	50:2	x394	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bel & Marduk	These are two names for the chief god of Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3195	50:3	g6ih		arise against it & live in it	Here “it” refers to Babylon in both phrases.
3196	50:3	daw4		her land	The word “her” refers to Babylon.
3197	50:3	sf89	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	make her land a desolation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word desolation, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “destroy her land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3198	50:4	xb8i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	In those days and at that time	These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the importance of that future time. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 33:15. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3199	50:4	f3j1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3200	50:4	sdx6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	seek Yahweh their God	Seeking Yahweh their God represents either: (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3201	50:5	e8cx		They will ask	The word “They” refers to the people of Israel or the people of Judah who are returning from Babylon to Jerusalem.
3202	50:5	q3s7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	join ourselves to Yahweh	This is figurative language used to explain a spiritual connection to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3203	50:5	ch4b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	that will not be forgotten	This states that the covenant will be obeyed forever. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will forget” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3204	50:6	fsj1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	My people have been a lost flock	The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a group of sheep that was lost. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “My people have been like a lost flock of sheep” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3205	50:6	a67k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Their shepherds	The leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were the shepherds of people. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “Their leaders were like shepherds who” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3206	50:6	zpk8		turned them around from hill to hill	Alternate translation: “lead them around to many different places”
3207	50:7	h59f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	devoured them	Attacking the people of Israel is spoken of as if a wild animal ate them. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “devoured them like a wild animal would eat its prey” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3208	50:7	u3dr		they sinned	The word “they” refers to the people of Israel.
3209	50:7	id3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh, the hope of their ancestors	Yahweh is spoken of as the source of their trust. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word hope, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the one whom their ancestors confidently expected to help them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3210	50:8	en1b		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh is speaking to his people in captivity in Babylon.
3211	50:8	ey2s		Leave from the midst of Babylon	This command is addressed to the people of Israel who were in exile in Babylon.
3212	50:8	y6hx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	be like male goats that leave	Male goats tend to be more independent than the rest of the flock. This could mean: (1) they should be the first to leave Babylon or (2) they should lead the rest of the Israelites away from Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3213	50:9	dns1		For see	The word “see” alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because”
3214	50:9	db8i		set in motion	Alternate translation: “stir up”
3215	50:9	rv59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Babylon will be captured from there	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “These nations will capture Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3216	50:9	sd99		from there	This could mean: (1) “from the north” or (2) “from their battle positions.”
3217	50:9	nm58	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Their arrows are like a skilled warrior who does not return empty-handed	The effectiveness of the arrows of the attacking nations are spoken of as if they were soldiers that always accomplish their mission. The idiom “empty-handed” means “without success.” Alternate translation: Each of their arrows are like skilled soldiers that always hit their target” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3218	50:10	n671	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3219	50:10	wnf6		Chaldea will become plunder	Alternate translation: “They will plunder Chaldea”
3220	50:11	a17k		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh is speaking to the people of Babylon.
3221	50:11	qcl4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	You rejoice, you celebrate	These terms mean the same thing and are used to emphasize how happy they were to conquer Israel. Alternate translation: “You people of Babylon rejoice, celebrate” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3222	50:11	gt23	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	You rejoice & you jump & you neigh	Each instance of “You” or “you” is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
3223	50:11	sq4c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	you jump around like a calf stamping in its pasture	The joy of the people of Babylon is compared to a calf who runs around joyfully in a pasture. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3224	50:11	ef11		stamping	the action a calf makes when kicking the ground
3225	50:11	e4bz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	you neigh like a powerful horse	The people of Babylon are compared to stallions that are making loud noises because they are excited. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3226	50:12	a827	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	bore you	The word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
3227	50:12	i83h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	So your mother will be greatly ashamed; the one who bore you will be embarrassed	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of her embarrassment. The words “mother” and “the one who bore you” refer either to Babylonia or to the city of Babylon. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3228	50:12	n6mv		the least of nations	Alternate translation: “the most unimportant nation”
3229	50:12	crm8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert	These words have basically the same meaning and emphasize the complete barrenness of the land. This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor for an uninhabited place or (2) this refers to Babylon literally becoming a barren wilderness. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3230	50:13	mm1s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	a complete devastation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word devastation, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3231	50:13	fl2h		shudder	shake violently due to fear
3232	50:13	tj8m		hiss	make a sound like a snake that means great disapproval
3233	50:14	z26z		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh tells the other nations to attack Babylon.
3234	50:14	wrr7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Arrange yourselves against Babylon	Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon arrange yourselves against her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3235	50:14	p1p9		Arrange yourselves	Alternate translation: “Line up in military formation” or “Form battle lines”
3236	50:14	z8c6		Everyone who bends a bow	This refers to the soldiers who use bows and arrows to fight.
3237	50:14	m55f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	shoot at her	Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “shoot at the people in the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3238	50:14	a1ig		Do not keep back any of your arrows	This emphasizes that they should shoot all their arrows. Alternate translation: “Shoot every one of your arrows at her”
3239	50:14	x188	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	she has sinned	Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of the city” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3240	50:15	smz6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	She has surrendered & she has done	Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “The people of Babylon have surrendered … they have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3241	50:15	ke5w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	her towers & her walls	Jeremiah speaks of the city of Babylon as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the towers of the city … the walls of the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3242	50:15	pwd7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	her walls are torn down	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the nations have torn down her walls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3243	50:16	jvv6		the farmer who sows seed and the one who uses a sickle	These people collectively represent all the farmers and harvesters of Babylon.
3244	50:16	ifx7		the one who uses a sickle at the time of harvest	A “sickle” is a farm tool that people use to harvest grain. Together with the previous phrase, Yahweh is saying that all planting and harvesting will stop in Babylon.
3245	50:16	m3vk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Let each person turn back to his own people & let them flee to their own land	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they strengthen the command for foreigners to flee from Babylon back to their own countries. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3246	50:16	eg2j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from the oppressor’s sword	Here the word “sword” refers to the armies that will attack Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3247	50:17	g6hw		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about Israel.
3248	50:17	n1nd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Israel is a sheep scattered and driven away by lions	Yahweh speaks of Israel as if it were a sheep that was trying to escape from hungry lions. This metaphor can be stated as a simile and in active form. Alternate translation: “Israel is like a sheep that lions scattered and drove away” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3249	50:17	r7en	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Israel	This refers collectively to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3250	50:17	n5qc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the king of Assyria	This refers to the army of the king of Assyria. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3251	50:17	ux4g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	devoured him	The destruction of Israel by Assyria is spoken of as if Israel were a sheep that Assyria ate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3252	50:17	rfs4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon	This refers to the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3253	50:17	uqu9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	broke his bones	The destruction of Israel by Nebuchadnezzar is spoken of if it were a sheep which had its bones crushed by a lion. Alternate translation: “destroyed Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3254	50:18	g9kd		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
3255	50:18	v4k1		See, I am about to	The word “See” means to pay special attention to what follows.
3256	50:18	wg6j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his land	Here “land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land of Babylon. Alternate translation: “the Babylonian people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3257	50:19	wz33		I will restore	The word “I” refers to Yahweh.
3258	50:19	gp73	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Israel to his homeland & he will be satisfied	This refers collectively to all the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel to their homeland … they will be satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3259	50:19	tl27	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he will graze on Carmel and Bashan	Israel is spoken of as if they were sheep that eat grass. Alternate translation: “they will eat food that grows in Carmel and Bashan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3260	50:20	aqy8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	In those days and at that time	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that future time. See how you translated this in as Jeremiah 33:15. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3261	50:20	pw89	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	iniquity will be looked for in Israel, but none will be found. I will inquire about the sins of Judah, but none will be found	These two lines mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that Yahweh will completely forgive the sins of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3262	50:20	vxj6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	iniquity will be looked for in Israel, but none will be found	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will look for iniquity in the people of Israel, but will not find any” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3263	50:20	k64e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	that I spare	They will escape the destruction of Babylon. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “that I allow to escape the destruction of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3264	50:21	v5u9		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about the enemies of Babylon.
3265	50:21	ajt3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Arise against the land	Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, arise against the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3266	50:21	bqj7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Merathaim	This is another name for Babylon. This is a name that means “double rebellion.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3267	50:21	wh45	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Pekod	This is another name for the Chaldeans. This is a name that means “visitation.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3268	50:21	h6k6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Put them to the sword	This refers to having a sword come down on people to kill them. Alternate translation: “Kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3269	50:21	x5j6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Put them to the sword	Here the word “sword” represents war. Yahweh speaks of Babylon’s enemies killing them in battle as if he were placing those people under the sword’s power. Alternate translation: “Kill them in battle” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3270	50:22	aq6m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The sounds of battle and enormous destruction are in the land	These sounds are heard during battle and great destruction. They are spoken of in the present tense to indicate that this will certainly happen soon. Alternate translation: “The sounds of fierce battle and terrible destruction are going to happen soon in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3271	50:23	y8x3		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon.
3272	50:23	vq6u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	How the hammer of all the lands has been cut apart and destroyed	The army of Babylon is spoken of as if it were a hammer. The destruction of this army is spoken of as if the hammer was to be cut up and destroyed. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “The mighty army of Babylon that conquered all the nations is like a hammer that will be broken into pieces and destroyed” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3273	50:23	gzv9		How Babylon has become a destroyed place among the nations	Babylon was a nation like the other nations, but it will become a complete ruin, totally destroyed.
3274	50:24	kl72	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I have set a trap for you and you were taken	The destruction of Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh had caught them in a trap like an animal. Alternate translation: “I set a trap and caught you in it as a hunter catches an animal” or “You people of Babylon, I have set a trap for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3275	50:24	hn79	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	you were taken & You were found and captured	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have captured you … I found you and captured you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3276	50:25	v2ka	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh has opened his armory and is bringing out the weapons for carrying out his anger	Yahweh’s anger that causes him to send enemies against Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh had an armory and weapons. To open an armory is a metonym for preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has prepared for war and is sending the nations to attack Babylon in his anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3277	50:25	qd2z		armory	this is a building or room where weapons of war are stored
3278	50:26	ek5x		Attack her from far away	Yahweh speaks to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, attack her from far away”
3279	50:26	h3rp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Open her granaries	Here “granaries” represent where Babylon stored its treasures. Alternate translation: “Raid the places where her treasures are stored” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3280	50:26	p24s		granaries	buildings where grain is stored
3281	50:26	kge6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	pile her up like heaps of grain	This could mean: (1) reduce the city to piles of rubble that look like stacks of grain or (2) stack up the plunder from the city like piles of grain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3282	50:26	k8z3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Set her apart for destruction	This idiom means to destroy something completely. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 25:9. Alternate translation: “destroy her completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3283	50:26	uq7q		Leave no remnant of her	This is stated in a negative way to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. Alternate translation: “Kill every person in her”
3284	50:27	wv75	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Kill all her bulls. Send them down to the place of slaughter	Here, the word bulls could mean: (1) soldiers or (2) strong young men. Killing them is spoken of as taking them to a place of slaughter. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3285	50:27	e5p8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Kill all her bulls	Yahweh speaks this to the enemies of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, kill all her bulls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3286	50:27	k3c1		her bulls	The word “her” refers to Babylon.
3287	50:27	jtx6		them & their	The word “them” and “their” refer to the people of Babylon.
3288	50:27	h2tx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	their day has come—the time for their punishment	The phrases “their day” and “the time” mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “the time for their punishment has come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3289	50:28	tx67		There is the sound of those fleeing	Alternate translation: “Listen and you will hear those who are fleeing”
3290	50:28	i7g2		those & those & These	The words “those” and “These” refer to the survivors from Babylon who will tell others about Yahweh’s vengeance.
3291	50:28	e143	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the vengeance of Yahweh our God for Zion, and vengeance for his temple	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word vengeance, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God has taken revenge for what they did to Zion and to his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3292	50:29	uhm2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	the archers & those who bend their bows	These phrases refer to the same people and are repeated for poetic effect. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3293	50:29	riq5		her & her & she	The words “her” and “she” refer to Babylon.
3294	50:29	gm1z		let no one escape	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “capture or kill every person”
3295	50:29	dr67	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Do to her by the measure she has used	The evil things the Babylonians did to Israel are spoken of as if Babylon measured them. Alternate translation: “Measure out punishment for her with the same amount she used to punish Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3296	50:30	yd19		her young men will fall	Alternate translation: “they will kill her young men”
3297	50:30	tu9n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	all her fighting men will be destroyed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will destroy all her fighting men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3298	50:30	du7b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3299	50:31	wr6r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	See, I am against you	Yahweh speaks this to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “See, I am against you, people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3300	50:31	t5id		See	This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows.
3301	50:31	jxp6		proud one	This is Yahweh’s description of Babylon.
3302	50:31	axv1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	for your day has come & the time when I will punish you	These two phrases mean the same thing. The second phrase defines the “day” that the first phrase mentions. Alternate translation: “for the day when I will punish you has come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3303	50:31	n6p7		your day	“your time.” This refers to the entire span of time during which the horrible judgment will come upon Babylon.
3304	50:32	rvn2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the proud ones will stumble and fall	Here “stumble and fall” are idioms that refer to defeat and death. Alternate translation: “I will cause enemies to defeat and kill the proud ones” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3305	50:32	vwn6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	it will devour everything around him	Fire burning the cities of Babylon is spoken of as if the fire were an animal that ate them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3306	50:32	sgv3		around him	Here “him” refers to the “proud one” which describes Babylon.
3307	50:33	avf9		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh now speaks through Jeremiah about Israel and Judah.
3308	50:33	xl6p		Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
3309	50:33	gnz4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The people of Israel are oppressed, together with the people of Judah	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Babylonians are oppressing the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3310	50:33	k2wh		captured them	The word “them” refers to the people of Israel and Judah who were captured and taken into exile.
3311	50:34	id2p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He will truly plead their case	Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a lawyer who represents the people of Israel in court. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3312	50:34	bc96	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in order to bring rest to the land	Here “the land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “in order that the people who live in Israel might live in peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3313	50:34	d2c4		bring rest & bring strife	These two terms represent opposite ideas and bring a strong contrast to how Yahweh will treat Israel and Babylon.
3314	50:34	m3i6		bring rest	Alternate translation: “give peace”
3315	50:35	ayk2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	A sword is against & and against	Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to … and to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3316	50:35	ai3w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3317	50:36	u7pl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	A sword against	Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3318	50:36	v1iv		They will become fools	Alternate translation: “Their actions are foolish, and everyone will see that they are fools”
3319	50:36	fve6		They will be filled with terror	Alternate translation: “they will be terrified”
3320	50:37	d4gj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	A sword is coming against	Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3321	50:37	ts2p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	they will become like women	The weakness of the Babylonian soldiers is spoken of as if they were women. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “they will all become as weak as women” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3322	50:37	j5zb		storerooms	A storeroom is a place where supplies or valuables are kept.
3323	50:37	fkg9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	they will be plundered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers will plunder them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3324	50:38	kbz3		A drought is coming on her waters	Alternate translation: “A drought will soon happen that will affect all her waters”
3325	50:38	tww1		her waters	Here “waters” represent all the sources of water for the Babylonians, especially the river that went through the city.
3326	50:39	tq6w		desert beasts with the jackals	This could mean: (1) “wild animals and hyenas” or (2) “wild demons and evil spirits.”
3327	50:39	i9i9		jackals	A jackal is a wild dog found in Asia and Africa.
3328	50:39	qe4b		ostriches	very large African birds that run fast but cannot fly. Some versions translate this as “owl.”
3329	50:39	e1qh		will live in her	The word “her” refers to Babylon.
3330	50:39	d5ib	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	For all time, she will no longer be inhabited. From generation to generation, she will not be lived in	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Babylon will be completely uninhabited. Alternate translation: “People will never live there again; it will be uninhabited forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3331	50:39	y9d5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	she will not be lived in	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will live in her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3332	50:40	r3e2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	no one will live there; no person will stay in her	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Babylon will be completely uninhabited. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “no one will ever live there again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3333	50:41	us4n		General Information:	General Information: These verses are almost identical to Jeremiah 6:22 and Jeremiah 6:23. See how you translated those verses.
3334	50:41	p4d1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	See, a people is coming	Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “See, people of Babylon, a people is coming” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3335	50:41	n3n8		See, a people	Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: a people”
3336	50:41	m77s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	a great nation and many kings	This phrase refers to the time when the Medes and Persians conquered Babylon in 539 BC. Here “nation” represents their armies. Alternate translation: “the armies of a great nation and many kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3337	50:41	qf6b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	are being stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth	Being “stirred up” represents being urged to take action. Alternate translation: “are preparing to come from the most distant places on earth” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3338	50:42	fw6p		They will pick up bows and spears	Alternate translation: “The soldiers will carry bows and spears”
3339	50:42	d5r3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Their sound is like the sea roar	The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the sea. Alternate translation: “The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3340	50:42	y1tc		they are riding on horses, set out in order as men for battle	The phrase “set out in order” means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase “as men for battle” indicates that they are ready to fight. Alternate translation: “they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight”
3341	50:42	yn6t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	daughter of Babylon	This phrase refers to the Babylonian people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3342	50:43	r3fu		General Information:	General Information: This verse is almost identical to Jeremiah 6:24. See how you translated that verse.
3343	50:43	y1du		his hands fell limp in distress	Alternate translation: “his hands were weak because he was anxious”
3344	50:43	um5z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Anguish seized him	Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if anguish grabs the king of Babylon. Alternate translation: “He felt terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3345	50:43	uui8		Anguish	suffering and grief that would bring a person to tears
3346	50:43	j129	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like a woman giving birth	The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman who is about to give birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3347	50:44	mn9k		General Information:	General Information: This verse is almost identical to Jeremiah 49:19. See how you translated that verse.
3348	50:44	g65t		Behold!	The word “Behold” here tells the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention!”
3349	50:44	u7tz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	He goes up like a lion from the heights of the Jordan to the enduring grazing place	This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “When I punish the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of mountains and attacks sheep in the pasture” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3350	50:44	bst6		the enduring grazing place	This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass.
3351	50:44	uiu8		I will quickly cause them to run from it	Here “them” refers to the Babylonian people; the word “it” refers to the invasion.
3352	50:44	wgy7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who will be chosen	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom I will choose” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3353	50:44	g8wy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	For who is like me, and who will summon me?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that no one is like him. Alternate translation: “For no one is like me, no one can summon me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3354	50:44	vd1u		who will summon me	Alternate translation: “who will challenge me” or “who will call me to account”
3355	50:44	ume1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What shepherd is able to resist me?	Yahweh uses this question to show no one can defeat him. Here “shepherd” is a metaphor for “king” or “ruler.” Alternate translation: “No king is able to resist me.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3356	50:45	h7vf		General Information:	General Information: These verses are almost identical to Jeremiah 49:20 and Jeremiah 49:21. See how you translated those verses.
3357	50:45	bl7z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	the plans that Yahweh has decided against Babylon, the plans that he has planned against the land of the Chaldeans	These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the plans that Yahweh has decided for the people of Babylon and the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3358	50:45	e83p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They will certainly be dragged away, even the smallest flock	This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Babylon as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will drag them away, even the smallest flock” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3359	50:45	dja3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	even the smallest flock	Here the youngest and weakest people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the smallest flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “even the youngest and weakest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3360	50:45	fwh2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Their pasturelands will be turned into ruined places	Here the land of Babylonia is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places” or “He will completely destroy the people who live there” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3361	50:46	q28h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	At the sound of conquered Babylon the earth shakes	This phrase compares the fall of the once powerful nation of Babylon to the extremely loud noise of an earthquake. Alternate translation: “The fall of Babylon will sound like a mighty earthquake” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3362	50:46	sue1		distress	pain or unhappiness
3363	50:46	y112		their shout of distress	Alternate translation: “their shout of pain”
3364	51:intro	e537			Jeremiah 51 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 51:1-64. The prophesied destruction of Babylon continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Special concepts in this chapter Babylon destroyed Babylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) Covenant with Abraham Babylon is destroyed because it drove the people of Judah from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham’s descendants. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
3365	51:1	bz33	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3366	51:1	mgs4		See	This draws attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” or “Pay attention”
3367	51:1	az5v		a wind of destruction	This could mean: (1) “a wind that destroys” or (2) “the spirit of a destroyer.” This would mean that Yahweh would cause or inspire the enemy army to go and attack Babylon.
3368	51:1	br1w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Leb Kamai	This is code name for Chaldea, a region of Babylonia. It is not clear why Jeremiah uses this name here, so you may want to translate as “Chaldea” or “Babylonia.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3369	51:2	bdq6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	scatter her and devastate her land & they will come against her	The word “her,” a metaphor that refers to Babylon as if it were a woman, is also a metonym for the people who live in Babylon. Alternate translation: “separate the people who live there from each other, send them in different directions, and make their land empty … foreigners will attack the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3370	51:2	w4jj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	on the day of disaster	The phrase “day of” is a Hebrew idiom for “when.” Alternate translation: “when I destroy Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3371	51:3	yl8g		Do not let & do not let	Yahweh wants the attack to be so sudden that the archers have no time to prepare for battle.
3372	51:4	u6a8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	those who are killed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the attackers kill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3373	51:5	u9ey	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Israel and Judah are not forsaken by their God, by Yahweh of hosts	The words “Israel” and “Judah” are metonyms for the people of Israel and Judah. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts, the God of the people of Israel and Judah, has not forsaken them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3374	51:5	t4nl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	their land is filled with offenses committed against the Holy One of Israel	The land in which they live is spoken of as if it were a container and their offenses as if they were solid objects that could fill the container. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word offenses, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they have offended the Holy One of Israel everywhere throughout the land” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3375	51:6	ht2y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in her iniquity	Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. The word “iniquity” is a metonym for God punishing the people for their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when Yahweh punishes Babylon” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3376	51:6	dia4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will repay all of it to her	Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman, and the iniquity of the people is spoken of as if Yahweh needed to pay back a debt. The word “her,” meaning Babylon, is a metonym for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will punish the Babylonians as much as they deserve” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3377	51:7	tj8i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh that made all the world drunk	The word “world” is a metonym for the people living in the nations surrounding Babylon. This could mean: (1) Making those people drunk could be a metaphor for Yahweh punishing those nations by allowing Babylon to conquer them. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a strong nation that Yahweh used to punish all the people of the surrounding nations severely” or (2) It could be a metaphor for those nations joining Babylon in worshiping idols and being violent. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a rich and powerful nation, and other nations wanted to become sinful just like it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3378	51:7	bqq8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of Yahweh	Babylon being a powerful nation that Yahweh used for his own purposes is spoken of as if Babylon were a golden cup in his hand. Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3379	51:7	ye28	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	nations drank her wine and became insane	This could mean: (1) “Babylon defeated and destroyed other nations” or (2) “nations enjoyed her riches and power and became evil.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3380	51:7	s9ql		insane	unable to think clearly
3381	51:8	zm1s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Babylon will & be destroyed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will destroy Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3382	51:8	rer2		Wail	to make a long, loud cry that shows that the person is sad
3383	51:8	l2ej	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	perhaps she can be healed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “perhaps Yahweh can heal her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3384	51:9	v18i		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh used Babylon to punish Judah and the nation. It is either the people of Judah or the people of the nations who are speaking the words in this quotation.
3385	51:9	cl11	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Babylon & she is not healed & leave her & her guilt	The name of the city is a metonym for the people who live there, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … they are not healed … leave them … their guilt” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3386	51:9	xi9j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	she is not healed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “we have not been able to heal her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3387	51:9	r4vl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	For her guilt reaches up to the heavens; it is piled up to the clouds	Guilt is spoken of as if it were an object that could be made into a pile. The words “to the heavens” and “to the clouds” are an exaggeration for something that is very high. Alternate translation: “For Babylon is so very guilty” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
3388	51:10	sgl7		Yahweh has declared our innocence	Yahweh had punished the Israelites for their sins, but now has let them return to him.
3389	51:11	np2a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon and their enemies, who cannot hear him, telling them that Yahweh will destroy Babylon before the Babylonians can prepare to defend themselves. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
3390	51:12	jt7x		Lift up a banner over Babylon’s walls	Alternate translation: “Give a signal to attack Babylon’s walls”
3391	51:12	udw5		make the watch strong	Alternate translation: “make sure the guards are strong and have good weapons”
3392	51:12	usv8		set up watchmen	Alternate translation: “make sure there are enough men watching the city”
3393	51:12	rs5j		prepare the ambushes	This was done in order to catch anyone running from the city.
3394	51:13	s2hm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The thread of your life is now cut short	The people’s lives are spoken of as if they were threads that God could cut. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Your lives will be ended quickly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3395	51:14	tqq8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like a swarm of locusts	The large number of enemy soldiers is spoken of as if they were a mass of locusts invading the city. Alternate translation: “with a large number of soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3396	51:14	mxl6		battle cry	This is a shout that a soldier makes in battle.
3397	51:16	hr5x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	When he thunders, there is the roar of waters in the heavens	These phrases compare the voice of Yahweh to the loud sound made by thunder and rain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3398	51:16	f1vn		storehouses	A storehouse is a building where people keep things they might want to use in the future.
3399	51:17	w7tq		General Information:	General Information: Translate many of the words in this verse as in Jeremiah 10:14.
3400	51:17	r1wa		has become ignorant	Alternate translation: “is lacking knowledge” or “does not know”
3401	51:17	vgb8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Every metalworker is put to shame by his idols	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Every metalworker’s idols put him to shame” or “As for every metalworker, his idols shame him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3402	51:18	qxg3		General Information:	General Information: Translate many of the words in this verse as in Jeremiah 10:15.
3403	51:18	ux1i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	they will perish at the time of their punishment	This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. Alternate translation: “there will be a time when God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3404	51:19	rd4k		General Information:	General Information: Translate many of the words in this verse as in Jeremiah 10:16.
3405	51:19	mei8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the portion of Jacob	Here “Jacob” represents the people of Israel. God being their “portion” is an idiom that means that they worship him. Alternate translation: “the portion of Israel” or “whom the people of Israel worship” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3406	51:19	dwl8		the molder of all things	Alternate translation: “the creator of all things” or “the one who created all things”
3407	51:19	st72	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Israel is the tribe of his inheritance	This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Israel belongs to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3408	51:20	f9ni		You are	Alternate translation: “You, the Babylonian army, are”
3409	51:20	ap1j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	With you I will smash	Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. Alternate translation: “With you I will punish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3410	51:20	k6w9		With you I will	Alternate translation: “I will use you to”
3411	51:22	b82y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	With you I will smash	Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 51:20. Alternate translation: “With you I will punish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3412	51:22	n6g5		With you I will	“I will use you to.” See how you translated this in Jeremiah 51:20.
3413	51:24	rf4t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	in your sight I will pay	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word sight, you can express the same idea with the verb “see.” Alternate translation: “you will see it when I pay” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3414	51:24	r6wa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3415	51:25	n2fb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	General Information:	General Information: Yahweh speaks to the people of Jerusalem, who could hear him, as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon, who could not hear him. He speaks to the city of Babylon as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon itself. He speaks of the city as if it were a mountain. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3416	51:25	gfh7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will stretch out my hand against you	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. See how “I will attack the inhabitants of the land with my hand” is translated in Jeremiah 6:12. Alternate translation: “I will use my strength to attack you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3417	51:25	pu56	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will & roll you down from the cliffs	Yahweh stops speaking of Babylon as a mountain and speaks of it as a building that he is breaking down and throwing away. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3418	51:25	f3es		cliffs	A cliff is the steep side of a mountain or hill.
3419	51:25	tb96	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will & make you a burned-out mountain	Yahweh speaks of Babylon as no longer being the great “mountain of destruction” but now a mountain that he has destroyed. Alternate translation: “I will … make you a pile of useless rocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3420	51:25	b8fv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3421	51:26	pw6e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	you will become an everlasting devastation	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word devastation, you can express the same idea with a verb “devastate.” Alternate translation: “I will devastate you and no one will ever rebuild you” or “I will turn you into an empty place where no one will ever live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3422	51:27	rw7n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Lift up a banner & Blow the trumpet & Call & to attack	Lifting a banner and blowing a trumpet are both ways of calling people to attack. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3423	51:27	hw53		banner	“battle flag.” This is large flag for the soldiers to follow in battle.
3424	51:27	wq6v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	attack her	The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon, and it is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “attack the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3425	51:27	hkx4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ararat & Minni & Ashkenaz	These are names of nations or people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3426	51:27	w3wj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	bring up horses like swarming locusts	Yahweh compares a great number of horses to a swarm of locusts. Alternate translation: “bring many horses with soldiers quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3427	51:28	hs9h		governors & officials	See how you translated these words in Jeremiah 51:23.
3428	51:29	s84v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the land will shake and be in anguish	The land is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Shaking and being in anguish are metonyms for being very afraid. Alternate translation: “the people who live in Babylon will shake with fear and be in anguish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3429	51:29	nf9p		anguish	suffering and grief that would bring a person to tears
3430	51:29	vd9r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	against Babylon	The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “against the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3431	51:29	d6kr		there is no inhabitant	Alternate translation: “no one lives”
3432	51:30	a6hx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	General Information:	General Information: Yahweh speaks of what will happen as if it had already happened. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
3433	51:30	l7ic	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	her homes are on fire, the bars of her gates are broken	The city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the homes in the city are on fire, the bars of the city gates are broken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3434	51:31	wh3s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	his city has been taken	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemies have overcome the whole city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3435	51:32	j8z8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the fords over the river are seized	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemies have taken control of all the fords over the river” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3436	51:32	u4eq		fords	shallow parts of a river where people can walk across
3437	51:32	a1kx		marshes	places with shallow water and grasses growing in deep mud
3438	51:32	gpu4		confused	unable to think clearly
3439	51:33	yz8h		Yahweh of hosts & says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
3440	51:33	mic2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The daughter of Babylon	“Daughter of Babylon” here is another name for the people who live in Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3441	51:33	w9he	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	is like a threshing floor	People thresh grain by trampling it on a threshing floor, and Yahweh speaks of people punishing the daughter of Babylon as if they were threshing grain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3442	51:33	h2d9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	It is time to trample her down	Yahweh punishing the daughter of Babylon is spoken of as if he were trampling and threshing grain on a threshing floor. Alternate translation: “It is time to punish her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3443	51:33	i4ix	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the time of harvest will come to her	The harvest is a metaphor for the result of the actions that the people did before. Babylon will experience the result of its people’s sins. Alternate translation: “God will punish her for her sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3444	51:34	e1t5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	General Information:	General Information: The speaker speaks as if he were a woman. The woman is a metaphor for the city of Jerusalem, which in turn is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3445	51:34	re9d		he has driven me into confusion	This could mean: (1) “he has caused me to be unable to think clearly” or (2) “he has crushed me.”
3446	51:34	v2wg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	has made me an empty pot	Babylon has taken everything from Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3447	51:34	v4f3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Like a monster	Here Babylon is compared to a monster. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3448	51:34	k3yc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he has swallowed me	Jerusalem compares its destruction to being swallowed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3449	51:34	g9pi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he has filled his stomach with my delicious foods	This continues to speak of Babylon as if it were a monster. This states in another way the previous idea that Babylon has taken everything from Israel. Here “foods” represents all the good things that were there before. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3450	51:34	uc2v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he has spit me out	Nebuchadnezzar took what he wanted and spit out what he did not want. Alternate translation: “he has vomited me up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3451	51:35	v7aa		The one who lives in Zion	Alternate translation: “She who lives in Zion”
3452	51:35	x9kf		The one & to me and my flesh & my blood	All of these phrases refer to a woman.
3453	51:35	pj1v		inhabitants of Chaldea	Alternate translation: “people who live in Chaldea”
3454	51:36	s6hs		General Information:	General Information: This begins Yahweh’s reply to Jerusalem’s request in verses 34 and 35.
3455	51:36	duw6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I am about to plead your case and bring about vengeance	Yahweh defending his people is spoken of as if he were a lawyer pleading their case in court. Alternate translation: “I will be like your lawyer to defend you and I will bring about vengeance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3456	51:37	srq7		heaps of rubble	buildings that have become piles of rock
3457	51:37	fd8l		den of jackals	home for wild dogs
3458	51:37	qax1		a horror	something that terrifies everyone who looks at it
3459	51:37	k6wl		hissing	a sound people make to show that they dislike something very much
3460	51:37	a91l		there are no inhabitants	Alternate translation: “no one lives”
3461	51:38	ht1r		roar	loud sound made by a lion
3462	51:38	e66g		growl	a sound animals make to frighten other animals
3463	51:39	t613		become happy	As a soldier is happy when he defeats a strong enemy. Another possible meaning is “are very drunk” .
3464	51:40	y454	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like lambs & male goats	Lambs and goats do not know before it happens that people are going to slaughter them, and the Babylonians will not know before it happens that Yahweh is going to destroy them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3465	51:41	mjn3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	How Babylon has been captured & How Babylon has become a ruined place	The word “how” here shows that something that people thought was impossible has happened. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We never thought that enemies could capture Babylon, but they have captured her … We never thought that Babylon could become a ruined place, but it has become a ruined place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3466	51:41	epv5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the praise of all the earth is seized	The word “praise” is a metonym for the thing that people praised, and the word “earth” is a metonym for the people living on the earth. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemies have seized Babylon, the nation that everyone on earth praised” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3467	51:42	jlw8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The sea & roaring waves	Babylon’s enemies have overcome her. “Waves” represent many people groups overcoming Babylon. The words “sea” and “water” often represent the nations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3468	51:42	xv1n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	She is covered with its roaring waves	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Its roaring waves have covered her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3469	51:43	i1ik		Her cities	Alternate translation: “Babylon’s cities”
3470	51:44	ua7k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will punish Bel	Bel was the main god of the Babylonians and represents the whole country and the people that worshiped it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3471	51:44	x7hy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	out from his mouth what he swallowed	Yahweh compares all the sacrifices and offerings to Bel to things he ate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3472	51:44	b1d8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the nations will no longer flow	The many nations that come to Babylon to sacrifice to Bel is spoken of as a river that moves along. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations will no longer come in large groups” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3473	51:46	e7mp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the news that is heard in the land	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when you hear the news that is in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3474	51:46	y5k9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Ruler will be against ruler	The ruler is a metonym for the nations under his control. Alternate translation: “Nations will fight against other nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3475	51:47	hlg9		see	Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
3476	51:47	hh7n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	days are coming & when I will punish	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in Jeremiah 7:32. Alternate translation: “in the future … I will punish” or “there will be a time … when I will punish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3477	51:47	x6k7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will punish the carved idols of Babylon	Removing the idols of Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. Alternate translation: “I will remove the carved idols of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3478	51:47	m3al	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Babylon & her land & her slaughtered ones & her midst	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … their land … their slaughtered ones … their midst” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3479	51:48	r764	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	over Babylon & come for her	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “over the Babylonians … come for them … the Babylonians have made … their land” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3480	51:48	a7da	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	the heavens and the earth	Heaven and earth are viewed as if they were people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3481	51:48	ry4n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3482	51:49	y6sf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Babylon has made & her land	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … their land … their slaughtered ones … their midst … over the Babylonians … come for them … the Babylonians have made … their land” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3483	51:49	mh52		the killed of all her land	Alternate translation: “those whom the Babylonians’ enemies have killed in the land”
3484	51:50	rnu2		General Information:	General Information: Jeremiah speaks to the Israelite people in verse 50.
3485	51:50	v78z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Survivors of the sword	The sword is a metonym for war, in which soldiers use swords. Alternate translation: “You who have survived the war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3486	51:50	esb3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Call Yahweh to mind from far away; let Jerusalem come to mind	The phrases “Call … to mind” and “come to mind” are idioms that mean to think about or remember. Alternate translation: “Though you are far away, think about Yahweh; think about Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3487	51:51	l188		insults	words that one person uses to offend another
3488	51:51	u8ak	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	reproach has covered our faces	The speakers’ reaction to people expressing disapproval of them is spoken of as if it were a cover placed over the speakers’ faces. Alternate translation: “our faces show that we are hurt because others disapprove of us” or “we cover our faces in shame because others disapprove of us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3489	51:52	gq6f		see	Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
3490	51:52	t1lg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	days are coming & when I will punish	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in Jeremiah 7:32. Alternate translation: “in the future … I will punish” or “there will be a time … when I will punish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3491	51:52	ipn3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3492	51:52	h25y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will punish her carved idols	Removing or destroying idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. Alternate translation: “I will destroy her carved idols” or “I will remove her carved idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3493	51:52	c2dr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	her carved idols & her land	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their carved idols … their land … the Babylonians … their highest fortresses … to them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3494	51:52	z6xh		groan	to cry out because of pain or sadness
3495	51:53	i44x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	her highest fortresses & to her	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their highest fortresses … to them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3496	51:53	t773	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	if Babylon went up & or fortified & destroyers would come from me	This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh does not expect to happen. Alternate translation: “Babylon will not go up … or fortify … destroyers will surely come from me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
3497	51:54	j9es	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	A shout of distress came from Babylon, a great collapse from the land of the Chaldeans	The same thought is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3498	51:55	i691	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	destroying Babylon & her loud voice	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “destroying the people of Babylon … their loud voices” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3499	51:55	rb5t		Their enemies & their noise	Alternate translation: “The enemies of the people of Babylon … the noise of the enemies”
3500	51:55	hs3i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	enemies roar like the waves of many waters	The waves of the ocean and of flooding rivers make a loud sound, and the enemies will make a very loud sound as they come. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3501	51:56	bdd2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	against her—against Babylon!—and her warriors	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “against the people of Babylon—yes, against Babylon!—and their warriors” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3502	51:56	sx3e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	her warriors have been captured	This phrase can be changed to have an active verb. Alternate translation: “her enemies have captured her warriors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3503	51:57	n6e9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	her princes, her sages, her officials, and her soldiers	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their princes, their sages, their officials, and their soldiers … their high gates … their aid … for them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3504	51:57	gc1t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	they will sleep in an unending sleep and never wake up	They will be dead. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 51:39. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3505	51:58	qv76		Yahweh of hosts says this	Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
3506	51:58	nvh5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The thick walls of Babylon will be completely demolished	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The invaders willl completely demolish the thick walls of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3507	51:58	v2lw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	her high gates & her aid & for her	The city of Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their high gates … their aid … for them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3508	51:58	ci1a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	her high gates will be burned	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will burn her high gates” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3509	51:58	pt5b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	everything & will be burned up	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will burn up everything that the nations try to do for her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3510	51:59	x35d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Seraiah & Neriah & Mahseiah	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3511	51:59	r4gy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	in the fourth year of his reign	“after he had been king for three years.” This “fourth” is the ordinal number for four. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3512	51:60	f3pz		that were written about Babylon	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that he had written about Babylon”
3513	51:62	ctw9		animal	If your language has a word for animals that normally live with people, you might want to use it here, because Jeremiah 51:37 states that Babylon will be inhabited by wild animals.
3514	51:64	rl23	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Babylon will sink like this	The stone and scroll will disappear in the water, the water will destroy the scroll, and Babylon will no longer look like a city or have buildings for people to live in. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3515	51:64	eg18		will not arise	Alternate translation: “will never again be a city”
3516	51:64	xm91		they will fall	This means the Babylonians will fall because they are exhausted. Many translations do not include these words.
3517	52:intro	izf6			Jeremiah 52 General Notes Structure and formatting The chapter returns to a previous sequence of events and records Babylon’s conquering of Judah. It also records the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
3518	52:1	f3ew		General Information:	General Information: Because of the words “Jeremiah’s words end here” in Jeremiah 51:64 and because the words here appear in other books of the Bible, many scholars believe that this chapter was written by someone other than Jeremiah and attached to the scroll that Jeremiah and Baruch wrote.
3519	52:1	pmi6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hamutal	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3520	52:1	w8zc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Libnah	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3521	52:1	st4j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jeremiah	This refers to another man named Jeremiah, not the prophet Jeremiah who wrote this book. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3522	52:2	f21w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3523	52:4	b8cu		It happened	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story.
3524	52:4	zq3a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	in the ninth year of the reign of King Zedekiah, in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month	after Zedekiah had been king for eight years, in the tenth calendar month, on the tenth day of the month (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3525	52:4	utp3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	in the ninth year	“in year nine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3526	52:4	nk5w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the month	This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3527	52:4	s7id		They camped opposite it	Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army camped opposite Jerusalem”
3528	52:5	g791	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	until the eleventh year of King Zedekiah’s reign	until Zedekiah had been king for more than ten years (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3529	52:5	e3tj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	eleventh year	“year eleven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3530	52:5	ws36	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	So the city was besieged	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “So they besieged the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3531	52:6	q88p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	By the ninth day of the fourth month	This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. The ninth day is near the beginning of July on Western calendars. Zedekiah had been king for ten years, three months, and eight days. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3532	52:6	b8bl		city	This refers to Jerusalem.
3533	52:7	ns94	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the city was broken into	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians broke through the wall around the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3534	52:7	e7li		the two walls	the wall of the king’s garden and the wall of the city
3535	52:8	w5xq		plains	flat land
3536	52:8	z99u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	All his army was scattered	This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) “the Chaldeans scattered his entire army” or (2) “all of his soldiers ran away in different directions.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3537	52:9	e3yw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	at Riblah in the land of Hamath	Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3538	52:9	y478		passed sentence on him	Alternate translation: “decided how to punish him”
3539	52:10	rf5w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons before his own eyes	The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah’s sons. Alternate translation: “forced Zedekiah to watch as the king of Babylon slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3540	52:11	xk3k		he put out Zedekiah’s eyes	“the king’s men made Zedekiah blind.” Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah’s eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind.
3541	52:11	wdy8		the day of his death	the day of Zedekiah’s death
3542	52:12	e83x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	in the fifth month, on the tenth day of the month, which was the nineteenth year of the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar	Nebuchadnezzar had been king for eighteen years, four months, and nine days. This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. The tenth day is near the beginning of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3543	52:12	pz2r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	the nineteenth year	“during year nineteen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3544	52:12	vd9v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nebuzaradan	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3545	52:12	jsf1		bodyguards	people whose job is to protect someone
3546	52:15	g3nt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nebuzaradan	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3547	52:16	knn1		the poorest of the land	Alternate translation: “the poorest people who lived on the land”
3548	52:17	zsh6		The Sea	This is a basin of water used in the worship of Yahweh.
3549	52:21	spa2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	eighteen cubits & twelve cubits	A cubit was about 46 centimeters long. Alternate translation: “18 cubits … 12 cubits” or “about 8.3 meters … about 5.5 meters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
3550	52:21	b7ll		hollow	The pillars had empty space inside them.
3551	52:22	l1cn		capital	This is the top part of each pillar.
3552	52:22	f2ql	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	five cubits	A cubit was about 46 centimeters long. Alternate translation: “5 cubits” or “about 2.3 meters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
3553	52:24	l5rv		Seraiah	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 36:26.
3554	52:24	z616		gatekeepers	people who guard the gate of a city
3555	52:25	vtf3		drafting men into the army	Alternate translation: “forcing men to fight in the army”
3556	52:26	ek3a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nebuzaradan	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 39:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3557	52:26	lq37	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Riblah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3558	52:28	l6dd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	seventh	(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3559	52:28	ty77	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	3,023	“three thousand and twenty-three” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3560	52:29	ag2g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	eighteenth	(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3561	52:29	st9h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	832	“teight hundred and thirty-two” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3562	52:30	kwp2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	twenty-third	(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3563	52:30	v4cr		Nebuzaradan	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 39:9.
3564	52:30	yu52	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	745 & 4,600	“seven hundred and forty-five … four thousand six hundred” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3565	52:31	n2d6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	in the thirty-seventh year of the exile of Jehoiachin	after Jehoiachin had been an exile for more than 36 years (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3566	52:31	rb62	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	in the twelfth month, on the twenty-fifth day of the month	This is the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fifth day is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3567	52:31	d6ug		It happened	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story.
3568	52:31	qhv9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Awel-Marduk	He became the king of Babylon after Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3569	52:32	g37e		He spoke kindly to him	Alternate translation: “Awel-Marduk spoke kindly to Jehoiachin”
3570	52:32	bq2c		a seat more honorable	Alternate translation: “a seat at the table that was closer to where Awel-Marduk sat”
3571	52:33	fvq2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	removed Jehoiachin’s prison clothes	The reader should understand that removing his prison clothes represents making him a free man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

917 KiB Raw Permalink Blame History Unescape Escape

Introduction to Jeremiah

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of the Book of Jeremiah

What is the Book of Jeremiah about?

How should the title of this book be translated?

Who wrote the Book of Jeremiah?

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

What is the new covenant that is presented in the Book of Jeremiah?

What relationship do Jeremiah’s prophecies have to the other nations besides Israel?

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

Are the events in the Book of Jeremiah told in the order that they actually happened?

Why does the Book of Jeremiah refer to this prophet as “he” or “him”?

Jeremiah 1 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Jeremiah appointed as prophet

Northern kingdom

Opposition

Connecting Statement:

Connecting Statement:

Jeremiah 2 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

The people refuse to learn

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metaphor

Jeremiah 3 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Judah told to repent

Adultery

Connecting Statement:

Jeremiah 4 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh’s punishment

General Information:

General Information:

Connecting Statement:

Jeremiah 5 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Hyperbole

Rhetorical questions

General Information:

Connecting Statement:

Connecting Statement:

Connecting Statement:

Connecting Statement:

Jeremiah 6 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Gods and battle

General Information:

General Information:

General Information:

General Information:

Jeremiah 7 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Justice in society

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

“Do not pray for this people”

Connecting Statement:

Connecting Statement:

General Information:

Connecting Statement:

General Information:

Connecting Statement:

General Information:

General Information:

Connecting Statement:

General Information:

Connecting Statement:

General Information:

Connecting Statement:

General Information:

Connecting Statement:

General Information:

917 KiB

Raw Permalink Blame History