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2	front:intro	bs9v			Introduction to 2 Samuel Part 1: General Introduction Outline of 2 Samuel The first years of David’s reign (1:1–7:29) Saul is killed; David is kind to Ishbosheth (1:1–4:12) David defeats the Philistines (5:1–25) Victories, the ark, the house of God (6:1–7:29) David extends his rule to all the Promised Land (8:1–10:19) David’s sin with Bathsheba (11:1–12:31) Amnon and Tamar; Absalom kills Amnon (13:1–14:33) The later years of David’s reign (15:1–24:25) Absalom rebels and is killed (15:1–18:33) David’s kingdom restored (19:1–20:26) Famine and warfare (21:1–14) David’s song of praise (22:1–23:7) David’s mighty men (23:8–39) Yahweh judges David’s sin of numbering the people; the plague stopped (24:1–25) What is the Book of 2 Samuel about? This book is about David ruling as king over Israel. He first ruled over the tribe of Judah for seven years. Then the other eleven tribes agreed to have him become their king. He ruled over all Israel for thirty-three years. Throughout this time, David led his army to fight foreign enemies who attacked Israel. However, he struggled the most against someone in his own family. Absalom, his son, rebelled and fought against him (2 Samuel 13-19). The Book of 2 Samuel also tells about when David sinned greatly. He slept with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. When she became pregnant, David arranged for Uriah to be killed in battle. David and all Israel suffered much because of David’s sin. However, the writer also tells of Yahweh repeatedly showing David grace and love after David repented of his sin. How should the title of this book be translated? Translators can use the traditional title “2 Samuel,” or “Second Samuel.” Or translators may consider a clearer title such as “The Second Book about Samuel, Saul, and David.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) What was the purpose of the Book of 2 Samuel? The Book of 2 Samuel begins where 1 Samuel ended. The writer continues to show how the tribes of Israel unite under the first kings of Israel. The Book of 2 Samuel centers around David as the king Yahweh chose to lead Israel. Who wrote the Book of 2 Samuel? It is uncertain who wrote 2 Samuel. It may have been someone alive soon after King Solomon died. When Solomon died, the kingdom of Israel split into two kingdoms. The author probably lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. A descendant of David continued to rule over the southern kingdom. The author may have written 2 Samuel to defend David’s right to be king. This would prove that David’s descendant was the rightful king of God’s people. Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts What covenant had its beginning in the Book of 2 Samuel? In 2 Samuel 7, Yahweh made a covenant with David. God promised to make a descendant of David rule forever over Israel. Christians believe that Jesus Christ fulfills this covenant. Jesus was a descendant of David. Jesus is the true “anointed one,” the person God chose to be king forever. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) Part 3: Important Translation Issues Why does the book refer to someone being addressed indirectly? David frequently refers to himself as “your servant” when he speaks to King Saul. He also calls Saul “my master.” Indirectly addressing a person in this way can be difficult to translate. It is intended to show that the speaker submits to the one being addressed. English sometimes uses the address “sir” or “ma’am” in this way. Can I translate this book before 1 Samuel? The Book of 1 Samuel should be translated before 2 Samuel, since 2 Samuel continues from where 1 Samuel ends. How is the name “Israel” used in the Bible? The name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed his name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]]) 2 Samuel speaks of both the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel as “Israel.” However, these references appear in the narrative long before the two kingdoms split apart. It seems clear that the references to Israel and Judah indicate that the author wrote 2 Samuel at a time after the kingdoms split. (See: 2 Samuel 2:10; 2 Samuel 3:10; 2 Samuel 5:5; 2 Samuel 11:11; 2 Samuel 12:8; 2 Samuel 19:42-43; 2 Samuel 21:2; 2 Samuel 24:1).
3	1:intro	la44			2 Samuel 1 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 1:19-27. This chapter continues the material from 1 Samuel. Special concepts in this chapter David’s funeral song David praised Saul and Jonathan as great warriors and Jonathan as his dearest friend. Important figures of speech in this chapter Synecdoche David used two figures of speech to express that Jonathan and Saul were great warriors: “the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4	1:1	q125	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ziklag	This is the name of a city in the southern part of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5	1:2	vci9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	On the third day	“After three days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
6	1:2	v6vv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	with his clothes torn and with dirt on his head	In this culture, tearing one’s own clothes and putting dirt on one’s head was an act of mourning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
7	1:2	js3t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	he lay facedown on the ground and prostrated himself	This was an act of showing submission to David, who was now the king of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
8	1:4	j45j		Many have fallen and many are dead	This could mean: (1) “Many were wounded and many were killed” or (2) “Many were wounded and killed.”
9	1:6	uks7		By chance I happened to be	This statement emphasizes that the man did not plan to meet Saul.
10	1:6	g386	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Saul was leaning on his spear	This could mean: (1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or (2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
11	1:8	x88n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	He said to me, ‘Who are you?’ I answered him, ‘I am an Amalekite.’	These direct quotations could be stated as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “He asked me who I was, and I told him that I am an Amalekite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
12	1:8	nvy8		I am an Amalekite	These are the same people David just finishing attacking in 2 Samuel 1:1.
13	1:9	t8ly	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	great suffering has taken hold of me	Saul’s suffering is spoken of as something terrible that has grabbed hold of him. Alternate translation: “I am suffering terribly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
14	1:9	he7b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	life is still in me	This idiom means he is still alive. Alternate translation: “I am still alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15	1:10	fh71		he would not live after he had fallen	Alternate translation: “he would die anyway”
16	1:11	lzf2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	David tore his clothes & the men with him did the same	David and his men tore their clothes as a sign of mourning for the death of King Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
17	1:12	j5yt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	for the people of Yahweh, and for the house of Israel	Both statements mean basically same thing. The word “house” is a metonym that represents the descendants of Israel. But, both “people” and “house” probably are a synecdoche representing the soldiers of Israel. Alternate translation: “for the Israelite soldiers” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
18	1:12	v2al		Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
19	1:12	h78c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	they had fallen by the sword	Here “fallen” is a polite way of referring to being killed. Also, “sword” represents a battle. This here means “had been killed.” Alternate translation: “they had died in battle” or “enemies had killed them in battle” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
20	1:13	tje8		Where are you from?	The man had already stated that he is an Amalekite in 2 Samuel 1:8. David apparently asks the man to confirm this because of the serious judgment that David was going to pronounce on the man.
21	1:14	f3mp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why were you not afraid to kill Yahweh’s anointed & hand?	This rhetorical question is used to rebuke the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have feared Yahweh and not killed his anointed … hand!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22	1:14	gdq9		Yahweh’s anointed king	This refers to Saul.
23	1:14	llc8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	with your own hand	This phrase refers to doing something yourself. Alternate translation: “yourself” or “personally” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24	1:15	k3ww	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	struck him down	This idiom means “killed him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
25	1:16	sv2e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Your blood is on your head	Here “blood” is a metonym that implies “shed blood” and is associated with death. Here “your head” is a synecdoche referring to the man and means that he is responsible. Alternate translation: “You are responsible for your own death” or “You have caused your own death” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
26	1:16	e596	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	your own mouth has testified against you	Here “your own mouth” refers to the man himself. Alternate translation: “you have testified against yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
27	1:17	k1zm		General Information:	General Information: David sings a song of mourning for Saul and Jonathan.
28	1:18	xw5d		Song of the Bow	This was the title of the song.
29	1:18	rz25	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	which has been written in the Book of Jashar	This is background information added to tell the reader what happened to the song in the future. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
30	1:18	h5m5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the Book of Jashar	The word “Jashar” means “upright.” Alternate translation: “the Book of the Upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
31	1:19	bch8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Your glory, Israel, is dead	“Your glory” refers to Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
32	1:19	luf3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the mighty	The phrase “the mighty” refers to both Saul and Jonathan. This nominal adjective is plural, and can be stated as “the mighty ones.”(See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
33	1:19	v53l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	have fallen	The word “fallen” here means “died.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
34	1:20	as79	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Do not tell it in Gath & do not proclaim it in the streets of Ashkelon	These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated as part of the poetry of the song. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
35	1:20	new3		Gath & Ashkelon	Gath and Ashkelon are two of the Philistines’ major cities. The Philistines killed Saul and Jonathan.
36	1:20	m8lh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	so that the daughters of the Philistines may not rejoice & so that the daughters of the uncircumcised may not celebrate	These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated as part of the poetry of the song. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
37	1:20	kk6n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the daughters of the uncircumcised	This phrase refers to people who do not follow Yahweh, such as the Philistines. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
38	1:21	yma7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Mountains of Gilboa	David speaks directly to the “Mountains of Gilboa” as if they were listening to his song. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
39	1:21	k9a4		let there not be dew or rain on you	David curses the ground where King Saul died in the battle. This was out of reverence for Saul, who was God’s anointed king.
40	1:21	nbh3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the shield of the mighty was defiled	The “mighty” here refers to Saul. The shield was defiled because it fell on the ground, and because the king’s blood was shed on it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
41	1:21	bh3a		The shield of Saul is no longer anointed with oil	Saul’s shield was made of leather. To care for the shield, it was rubbed with oil. Alternate translation: “No one will care for Saul’s shield anymore”
42	1:22	i5nk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	From the blood of those who have been killed, from the bodies of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty	Saul and Jonathan are shown here to have been fierce and valiant warriors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
43	1:22	px2s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	the sword of Saul did not return empty	Saul’s sword is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could return on its own. Rather than return empty, it was carrying the blood of Saul’s enemies that it killed. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
44	1:23	zvc3		in their death they were not separated	The phrase “were not separated” is used to emphasize that they were always together. Alternate translation: “even in death they were together”
45	1:23	k29g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions.	Saul and Jonathan were spoken of as if they were faster than eagles and stronger than lions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
46	1:24	b7wi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	who clothed you in scarlet as well as jewels, and who put ornaments of gold on your clothing	“who provided you nice clothes and jewelry.” These two phrases share similar meanings that describe providing the women with expensive, attractive clothing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
47	1:25	lw46		How the mighty have fallen in the midst of the battle	This phrase is repeated in verse 27 to emphasize that Israel’s best warriors are dead. Alternate translation: “The mighty men have died in battle”
48	1:25	s578	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the mighty	Here “mighty” is plural and may refer to only Saul and Jonathan, or to all of the soldiers of Israel. Alternate translation: “the mighty warriors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
49	1:25	ap6l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	have fallen	This is a polite way to say “have died.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
50	1:25	l3rx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Jonathan is killed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jonathan has died in battle” or “The enemy has killed Jonathan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
51	1:25	i3z2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	on your high places	David continues to address this part of the song to the mountains of Gilboa as he started in 2 Samuel 1:21. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
52	1:26	eg6m		my brother Jonathan	Here “brother” is used in the sense of a very close friend.
53	1:26	l4ln		Your love to me was wonderful, exceeding the love of women	Here “love” is used in the sense of friendship and loyalty. Jonathan’s loyalty to David was even greater than the loyalty a woman has for her husband and children.
54	2:intro	k322			2 Samuel 2 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter begins the story of the civil war between Saul’s son and David. Special concepts in this chapter Civil war There was a civil war in Israel. David was made king of Judah and Saul’s uncle (Abner) made Saul’s son (Ishbosheth) king of the rest of Israel. When they fought each other, Abner killed Joab’s brother, but David’s army was victorious. Important figures of speech in this chapter Rhetorical question Abner finally stopped the battle with a rhetorical question to David’s army. “Must the sword devour forever?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
55	2:1	lt47		After this	Alternate translation: “After David mourned the deaths of Saul and Jonathan in battle”
56	2:1	ncw1		go up to one of the cities of Judah	At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. David used the phrase “go up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Judah. Alternate translation: “travel to one of the cities of Judah”
57	2:2	x7ln		David went up with his two wives	At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. The narrator uses the phrase “went up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Hebron. Alternate translation: “David traveled to Hebron with his two wives”
58	2:4	jw8k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	anointed David king	In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David’s head to show that he was selected to be the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
59	2:4	gc4b		the house of Judah	Here “house” is used in the sense of “tribe.” Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah”
60	2:4	h1l8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jabesh Gilead	This is the name of a town in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
61	2:6	c5wi		General Information:	General Information: David speaks to the people of Jabesh Gilead.
62	2:6	jp9r		this thing	They buried Saul.
63	2:7	ss4u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	let your hands be strong	Here “hands” refers to the people of Jabesh Gilead. Alternate translation: “be strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
64	2:7	c3td	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	anointed me king	In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David’s head to show that he was selected to be the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
65	2:8	m5pw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ner & Ishbosheth	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
66	2:8	i3ah	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mahanaim	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
67	2:9	e9wt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gilead & Jezreel	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
68	2:10	fb37	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the house of Judah followed David	Obeying David’s rule is spoken of as “following” him. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah obeyed David as their king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
69	2:10	kz8s		house of Judah	Here “house” is used to mean “tribe.”
70	2:12	t3hi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abner & Ner & Ishbosheth & Saul	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
71	2:13	n2wn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zeruiah	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
72	2:16	ni8p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	they fell down together	This is a polite way of saying they died. Alternate translation: “they both died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
73	2:16	x416	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Helkath Hazzurim	This is a name given to remind people what happened there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
74	2:17	gm4c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The battle was very severe that day	It may be helpful to explicitly state that this was the large battle that followed the contest of the young men. Alternate translation: “Then the others started to fight also. It was a very fierce battle that day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
75	2:18	smv9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zeruiah & Joab & Abishai & Asahel	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
76	2:18	n11n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Asahel was swift in his feet like a wild gazelle	Here Asahel is compared to a gazelle, an animal that runs very fast. Alternate translation: “Asahel could run very fast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
77	2:18	aak9		wild gazelle	This small, four-legged animal, with two long horns on its head, runs very fast.
78	2:19	mmf2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abner	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
79	2:19	j8wb		followed him without turning away in any direction	Here “without turning away” is stated in negative form to emphasize how closely he followed Abner’s path. Alternate translation: “followed him wherever he went”
80	2:20	jd6r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Asahel	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
81	2:21	we6k		Turn aside to your right or to your left & turn aside	Alternate translation: “Stop chasing me … stop chasing Abner”
82	2:21	ck9f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	seize one of the young men and take his armor	Abner was asking Asahel to kill and plunder another younger soldier who would not be as dangerous as Abner. He did not want to kill Asahel. Alternate translation: “fight with another soldier and take his equipment as plunder” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
83	2:22	mpv8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why should I strike you to the ground?	This rhetorical question is used to warn Asahel of the danger he faced. “Strike to the ground” is a polite way of saying “to kill.” Alternate translation: “I do not wish to kill you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
84	2:22	k44v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How then could I hold up my face to Joab, your brother?	This rhetorical question emphasizes that Abner does not want to fight and kill Asahel because it would destroy Abner’s relationship with Joab. Here “hold up my face to Joab” is an idiom that means that he would be too ashamed to look at Joab. Alternate translation: “I would be too ashamed to look at your brother, Joab” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
85	2:23	y5pa		turn aside	This means to “halt” or “stop chasing.”
86	2:23	eb53	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the blunt end of his spear	This refers to the handle, which is not sharp or designed to pierce anything. It can be implied that Abner was only trying to stop Asahel from following him, and did not intend to kill him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
87	2:24	dk79	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abishai	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
88	2:24	ja3r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	hill of Ammah & Giah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
89	2:26	w79x		Abner called	Alternate translation: “Abner shouted” or “Abner yelled”
90	2:26	bju9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Must the sword devour forever?	This rhetorical question emphasizes that the battle had already continued too long. Here “sword” refers to the fighting. The killing in the battle is spoken of as if a wild animal was eating the soldiers. Alternate translation: “We do not need to keep using our swords to fight and kill each other.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
91	2:26	ukm3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you not know it will be bitter in the end?	This rhetorical question is used to force Joab to acknowledge that continued fighting could only result in more suffering. Here “bitter” is a euphemism for the terrible suffering that would occur. Alternate translation: “You know very well that there will be a terrible result if this continues!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
92	2:26	e6un	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How long will it be before you tell your men to stop pursuing their brothers?	This rhetorical question is intended to convince Joab to stop fighting their fellow Israelites. Here “brother” is used to represent the members of the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “Stop this now so that Israelites will not have to kill each other!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
93	2:27	yh65		Just as God lives	This is a very strong vow. Alternate translation: “With God as my witness” or “God will affirm that I mean what I say”
94	2:27	gze5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	if you had not said that & pursued their brothers until the morning	This hypothetical statement tells what might have happened if Abner had not spoken wisely to Joab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
95	2:28	qt3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	blew the trumpet	Trumpets were used to signal orders to the armies across great distances. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
96	2:28	zk88	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	did not pursue Israel	Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “did not continue to chase the Israelite soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
97	2:29	g9ir	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Arabah & Mahanaim	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
98	2:30	ju9l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Asahel	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
99	2:31	e92j		360 men of Benjamin with Abner	“360 men from Benjamin who followed Abner.” Abner did not die.
100	2:31	qxt6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	360 men	“three hundred and sixty men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
101	2:31	d81h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	of Benjamin	This phrase means “from the tribe of Benjamin.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
102	2:32	e5xq		took up Asahel	Alternate translation: “carried Asahel’s body with them”
103	2:32	pzw9		the day dawned on them at Hebron	Alternate translation: “they arrived at Hebron by dawn the next morning”
104	3:intro	ka39			2 Samuel 3 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter records the first attempt to end the civil war. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 3:33-34. Special concepts in this chapter David never wanted to hurt Saul’s family. Isbosheth criticized Abner and Abner became angry. He decided to help David become king of all of Israel. Abner came and made a treaty with David. As he left, Joab arrived and told him he wanted to talk to him and he murdered Abner. David was very unhappy that Abner had been killed.
105	3:1	sq7q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Samuel gives information about the war between David and the supporters of Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
106	3:1	u6f1		house	Here “house” is used to mean “supporters.”
107	3:1	lag1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	grew stronger and stronger	This metaphor means the number of people supporting David increased. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
108	3:1	dju3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	grew weaker and weaker	This metaphor means the number of people supporting Saul’s family decreased. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
109	3:2	w7d8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Sons were born to David	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “David’s wives gave birth to six sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
110	3:2	q2r6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahinoam	This is the name of a woman, a wife of David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
111	3:3	j96y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	second son & third	These two sons were born after the “firstborn” (verse 2). This is the numerical order of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
112	3:3	hxl2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abigail & Maacah	These are women’s names. They are the wives of David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
113	3:3	hy1j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kileab & Nabal & Talmai	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
114	3:4	m8yp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	fourth son & fifth son	This is the numerical order of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
115	3:4	d5td	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Adonijah & Shephatiah	These are the names of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
116	3:4	ai9y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Haggith & Abital	These are names of David’s wives. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
117	3:5	nky8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	the sixth	This is the numerical order of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
118	3:5	n4tz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ithream	This is the name of one of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
119	3:5	ujk6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Eglah	This is the name of one of David’s wives. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
120	3:6	vrd9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about	This introduces a new event in the story of the struggle between David’s supporters and Saul’s family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
121	3:6	n8iu		house of Saul	This refers to Saul’s family and supporters who assumed control of his estate after he died.
122	3:6	fu4e		house of David	This refers to the supporters of David.
123	3:6	ahk2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Abner made himself strong in the house of Saul	Abner’s increasing power over Saul’s family is spoken of as if he became physically stronger. Alternate translation: “Abner gained more power over the family and supporters of Saul” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
124	3:7	wnw6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Rizpah & Aiah	These are names of women. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
125	3:7	nvs7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ishbosheth	This is a male name, a son of Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
126	3:7	y6er	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why have you gone in to my father’s concubine?	Ishbosheth asked this question to rebuke Abner who was acting like he was the king. Alternate translation: “You did not have the right to go in to father’s concubine!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
127	3:7	x31p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	gone in to	This is a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
128	3:8	jcd6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah?	This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth’s accusation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
129	3:8	rjr7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah?	Abner speaks of himself as the head of a dog, which the Israelites considered to be loyal to anyone who fed them. Here “belongs to Judah” implies that Abner’s loyalty is to Judah, to which David belonged, and not to Saul’s house. Alternate translation: “Am I a traitor for Judah?” or “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
130	3:8	jb39	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	into the hand of David	Here “hand” represents the power to defeat. Alternate translation: “to be defeated by David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
131	3:8	lub9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	But now you accuse me of an offense concerning this woman?	Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. It is unclear if Abner actually slept with Rizpah, or if he was falsely accused. This could mean: (1) Abner was guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not be upset that I slept with this woman!” or (2) Abner was not guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not think that I have slept with this woman!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
132	3:9	a45s		May God do so to me & and more also, if I do not	This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. Abner is asking God to judge him severely if he does not keep his vow. Your language may have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if I do not”
133	3:10	h7qr		the house of Saul	Here “house” refers to Saul’s family and supporters who survived Saul’s death. Alternate translation: “the family and supporters of Saul”
134	3:10	m8b2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	throne of David	This phrase refers to the authority of David as king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
135	3:12	y24c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	to David	Some versions add “when he was at Hebron” and others do not. You may want to add the phrase if it is present in your national version. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
136	3:12	alc7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Whose land is this?	The original text of this question is not clear. This could mean: (1) Abner had the power to give the land to David. Alternate translation: “This land is mine!” or (2) David is chosen by God to rule the land: Alternate translation: “This land rightfully belongs to you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
137	3:12	mm4s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my hand is with you	Here “hand” represents Abner’s assistance that he is offering to David. Alternate translation: “I will assist you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
138	3:13	r77z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	you cannot see my face unless you first bring Michal	David is stating the condition under which he will meet Abner. Here “face” refers to David himself. Alternate translation: “you cannot see me unless you bring Michal to me first” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
139	3:13	mks3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Michal	This is the name of a daughter of Saul. She was David’s first wife. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
140	3:14	x49c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	one hundred Philistine foreskins	This represents the number of men David killed so that Saul would allow him to marry Michal. These men are represented here by their “foreskins.” The “foreskin” is the fold of skin that covers the male reproductive organ. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
141	3:15	ch63	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	took her from her husband	Paltiel was Michal’s second husband. Saul gave her to him after David fled from Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
142	3:15	z1ti	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Paltiel & Laish	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
143	3:16	uhj7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bahurim	This is the name of a village. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
144	3:18	js5z		Now do it	Alternate translation: “So now make David your king”
145	3:18	iac5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	By the hand of my servant David	Here “hand” refers to David’s power to defeat the Philistines. Alternate translation: “I will empower my servant David and” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
146	3:18	c3te	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hand of the Philistines	Here “hand” refers to power over Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of the Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
147	3:18	d2l2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hand of all their enemies	Here “hand” refers to power over Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of all of their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
148	3:19	qv92	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the people of Benjamin & the whole house of Benjamin	Both of these statements refer to the descendants of Benjamin, who were one of the tribes of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
149	3:20	bp1a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty of his men	The number of men who came with Abner. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
150	3:21	k2bu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all Israel	This phrase means “all of the nation of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
151	3:21	ej77		So David sent Abner away	They parted as friends. David was not angry with Abner.
152	3:22	x15t		plunder	These are items taken from the enemy.
153	3:22	c54e		Abner was not with David in Hebron	Abner had already left to return home.
154	3:23	e26m		they told Joab	Alternate translation: “someone told Joab”
155	3:23	d2r8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ner	This is a man’s name. He is the grandfather of Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
156	3:24	nzs6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What have you done?	Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner go in peace. Alternate translation: “You should not have done this!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
157	3:24	ia9h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why have you sent him away, and he is gone?	Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner escape. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Abner was here and you let him leave!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
158	3:25	c3xz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you not know & everything you are doing?	Joab asks this question to convince David that Abner is plotting against David. Alternate translation: “Surely you know … everything you are doing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
159	3:26	v16b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	well of Sirah	“Sirah” is the name of a place where the well was located. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
160	3:27	w3m9		the middle of the gate	This refers to one of the gates in the city wall at Hebron. As the UST implies, city gates were constructed as part of buildings set into the city walls. Inside the passageway were doors leading to side rooms, where guests could be received and business and judicial proceedings could be conducted. It was probably in one of these rooms that Joab murdered Abner.
161	3:27	us2y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the blood of Asahel	Here “blood” is associated with the death of Asahel. Alternate translation: “the death of Asahel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
162	3:27	fbb9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Asahel	This is the name of a male person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
163	3:28	esw1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the blood of Abner	Here “blood” refers to violent death. See how you translated a similar phrase in 2 Samuel 3:27. Alternate translation: “the death of Abner” or “the murder of Abner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
164	3:28	kq45	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ner	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
165	3:29	h3l1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	fall on the head of Joab and on all his father’s house	This phrase means the results of the guilt will happen to Joab and his family as if something heavy had collapsed on them. Alternate translation: “always cause suffering for Joab and for all his father’s house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
166	3:29	vz8z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all his father’s house	Here “house” refers to descendants. Alternate translation: “all the descendants of Joab’s father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
167	3:29	l3jd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	May there never fail to be	This double negative emphasizes that there will always be someone with the problems listed. Alternate translation: “May there always be” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
168	3:29	lvn8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	is killed by the sword	Here “sword” refers to violent death. Alternate translation: “dies violently” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
169	3:29	wgz1		goes without food	Alternate translation: “is hungry”
170	3:30	x1zu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abishai & Asahel	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
171	3:31	g9pr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Tear your clothes, put on sackcloth	These were symbolic actions to demonstrate their grief and sadness. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
172	3:32	d6g4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The king wept and cried loudly	The words “wept” and “cried loudly” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much David mourned for Abner. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
173	3:33	aq3l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Should Abner die as a fool dies?	This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that his death was not fair. Alternate translation: “Abner should not have died in disgrace!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
174	3:34	b11c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Your hands were not bound. Your feet were not shackled	These two sentences express similar ideas. They can be combined into one sentence. Alternate translation: “You were in no way a criminal in prison” or “You were completely innocent of doing wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
175	3:34	ni42	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Your hands were not bound	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one had tied your hands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
176	3:34	uia7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Your feet were not shackled	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one had attached your feet to chains” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
177	3:34	im2l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the sons of injustice	This refers to people who are unjust or wicked. Alternate translation: “wicked men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
178	3:35	zt2v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	All the people came	This deliberate exaggeration is used to show that the nation of Israel wanted to take care of David in his grief. Alternate translation: “Many people came” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
179	3:35	s8g2		May God do so to me, and more also, if	This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. David is asking God to judge him severely if he eats anything before sunset. Your language many have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if”
180	3:37	ax2q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ner	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
181	3:38	z5pr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel?	This rhetorical question is used to show how much David respected Abner. Here “fallen” is a euphemism that means “died.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is certainly true that a great prince has died today in Israel!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
182	3:38	wxn9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	a prince and a great man	These two phrases both refer to Abner. Alternate translation: “a great prince” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
183	3:39	e6ux	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zeruiah	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
184	3:39	bw2y		are too brutal	Alternate translation: “are too much like animals” or “are too violent”
185	4:intro	hm82			2 Samuel 4 General Notes Structure and formatting While the end of the civil war occurs in this chapter, David still only reigned over Judah (1-4). Special concepts in this chapter David and Ishbosheth David never sought revenge against Saul’s family. When two men snuck into Ishbosheth’s room, cut off his head and brought it to David, David had them killed for killing an innocent man. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Rhetorical questions When two men brought Ishbosheth’s head to David and expected to get a reward for it, David condemned them with the rhetorical question: “should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])
186	4:1	jmf8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ishbosheth	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
187	4:1	jnb3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	his hands became weak	In this phrase “his hands” represents Ishbosheth himself. Alternate translation: “Ishbosheth became weak” or “Ishbosheth lost all strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
188	4:2	zhe1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Baanah & Recab & Rimmon	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
189	4:2	uag2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	Now Saul’s son had two men	This introduces the men Baanah and Rechab into the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
190	4:2	d6gi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	for Beeroth is also considered part of Benjamin	Here the author begins to provide background information about Beeroth for the reader. The area of Beeroth was part of the land that belonged to the tribe of Benjamin. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
191	4:2	c93q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beeroth	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
192	4:3	uyh4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim and have been living there until this very time	Here the author finishes providing background information about Beeroth for the reader. The area of Beeroth was part of the land that belonged to the tribe of Benjamin. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
193	4:3	qq9m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gittaim	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
194	4:4	th4j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	General Information:	General Information: This verse pauses the main story to provide background information about Mephibosheth, a descendent of Saul through Jonathan instead of through Ishbosheth. Mephibosheth will become an important character later in the book. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
195	4:4	rav8		crippled in his feet	This phrase means “unable to walk.”
196	4:4	as76	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	five years old	This was the age of Jonathan’s son at the time of his father’s death. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
197	4:4	d8qr		the news about Saul and Jonathan	This refers to the news about their death.
198	4:4	zj2w		nurse	This is a woman or girl who is hired to care for young children.
199	4:4	hwu8		became lame	This explains how Mephibosheth was injured so he was unable to walk.
200	4:4	xl1z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mephibosheth	This is the name of Jonathan’s young son, the grandson of Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
201	4:5	rr92		General Information:	General Information: The story returns to the actions of Rechab and Baanah who were introduced in 2 Samuel 4:2.
202	4:5	f4qv		the heat of the day	the middle of the day, the part of the day when it is the hottest
203	4:6	g8pb		sifting wheat	Alternate translation: “cleaning chaff from wheat”
204	4:8	n1gd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	sought your life	This idiom means “was trying to kill you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
205	4:9	c7l9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	As Yahweh lives	This is one of the strongest oaths David could swear, as Yahweh is the witness. Alternate translation: “I swear on the life of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
206	4:9	qe3v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	who delivered my life	Here “life” refers to David himself. This means that Yahweh has kept David alive. Alternate translation: “who rescued me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
207	4:11	ve2r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How much more & should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?	This question is used to show that the men had committed an especially serious crime. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are even more guilty! It is my duty to require his blood from your hand and to remove you from the earth.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
208	4:11	pl52	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	require his blood from your hand	The phrase “his blood” represents the life of Ishbosheth. Here “from your hand” represents Rechab and Baanah, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, introduced in 2 Samuel 4:5. Alternate translation: “hold you responsible for the death of Ishbosheth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
209	4:12	b1ep	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	cut off their hands and feet and hung them up	These were symbolic actions to show contempt for the men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
210	4:12	a16g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	they took the head of Ishbosheth and buried it in the grave	This was a symbolic act to honor Ishbosheth. This could be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “they honored Ishbosheth by burying his head in the grave” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
211	5:intro	jv2a			2 Samuel 5 General Notes Structure and formatting This records the beginning of the kingdom’s expansion. Special concepts in this chapter David conquers Jerusalem David brought the combined army to Jerusalem and conquered it by going in through the water shaft. He enlarged the city and strengthened the defenses, and made it his capital. Jerusalem is an important place in the plans of God. David consulting God David always consulted God before fighting a battle. The Philistines invaded Israel trying to capture David. David asked God if he should attack the Philistines, and God said yes; so he defeated them. They invaded again and God told him to attack them from the rear and he defeated them again.
212	5:1	qs6r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	we are your flesh and bone	This phrase means “a relative.” Alternate translation: “we are related to you” or “we are of the same family” - (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
213	5:2	h5dx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	In the recent past	This is historical information. Saul had been their king before David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
214	5:2	fr5e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	You will shepherd my people Israel, and you will become ruler over Israel	These two clauses mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh had chosen David to be king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
215	5:2	rcd5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You will shepherd my people Israel	Here ruling over the people is spoken of as shepherding them. Alternate translation: “You will care for my people Israel” or “You will rule over my people Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
216	5:3	ep1q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	They anointed David king over Israel	To “anoint” is a symbolic act to show that they recognized that God had chosen David as king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
217	5:6	w24t		General Information:	General Information: David and the army of Israel attack Jerusalem.
218	5:6	j73y		You will not come here except to be turned away by the blind and the lame	This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “If you come here, even the blind and the lame will be able to turn you away”
219	5:6	m16b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the blind and the lame	Here “the blind” and “the lame” are nominal adjectives. Alternate translation: “those people who cannot see and those who cannot walk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
220	5:8	c5p9		David said, “Those who attack the Jebusites	David was speaking to his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David said to his soldiers, ‘Those who want to get rid of the Jebus people”
221	5:8	z3vc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The ‘blind and the lame’	This could mean: (1) this refers to people who are truly lame and blind or (2) this is a metonym that speaks about the Jebusites inside the city of Jerusalem as if they were all weak and handicapped. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
222	5:11	m9gy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hiram	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
223	5:11	fv7z		carpenters	those who work with wood
224	5:11	s2rm		masons	those who work with stone or brick
225	5:13	d3s6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	more sons and daughters were born to him	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he had more sons and daughters” or “they bore him more sons and daughters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
226	5:14	fcd9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shammua & Shobab & Nathan & Solomon	These are the names of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
227	5:14	lw16	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who were born to him	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that his wives bore for him” or “he had” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
228	5:15	t2yz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ibhar & Elishua & Nepheg & Japhia	These are the names of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
229	5:16	xzm3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Elishama & Eliada & Eliphelet	These are the names of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
230	5:17	y7vu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	David had been anointed as king over Israel	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Israel had anointed David as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
231	5:17	w75r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	they all went out looking for him	Here “all” is a generalization that means the Philistine army. Alternate translation: “the Philistine army went looking for him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
232	5:18	f39y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Valley of Rephaim	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
233	5:20	sm5p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Baal Perazim	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
234	5:20	n37i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Yahweh has burst through my enemies before me like a bursting flood of water	Here David speaks of the victory that Yahweh brought as if it were a flood of water that overflowed its banks and covered the land, causing destruction. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has overwhelmed my enemies like a flood overwhelms the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
235	5:22	ipp2		the Philistines came up again	They “came up” because the Philistines lived at a lower elevation than David’s stronghold.
236	5:22	u2gr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Valley of Rephaim	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
237	5:23	lzk7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	balsam woods	“Balsam” here is a type of tree, and the “woods” describe many balsam trees growing together. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
238	5:24	vp29	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	When you hear & Yahweh will have gone out before you to attack the army of the Philistines	This is the continuation of Yahweh’s instruction to David that began in 2 Samuel 5:23. Yahweh here speaks of himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
239	5:24	ccz2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	When you hear the sound of marching in the wind blowing through the balsam treetops	This speaks of the sound of the leaves rustling as wind blows through them as if it were the sound of marching. Alternate translation: “When the wind blowing through the tops of the balsam trees sounds like men marching” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
240	5:25	z8t1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Geba & Gezer	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
241	6:intro	aen5			2 Samuel 6 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Bringing the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem David organized a procession with many musical instruments to bring the ark to Jerusalem. They put it on a cart; but when the oxen stumbled, Uzzah reached out to steady it so it would not fall. God killed him for touching the ark. David was angry at God for killing Uzzah and was afraid to bring the ark any further. Uzzah died because the ark was perfectly holy. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) Dancing David danced for joy in front of the ark. His wife, Michal, criticized David for uncovering himself as he danced, but David did not care. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/joy]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Irony Michal criticized David by using irony: “How honored the king of Israel was today, who undressed himself today before the eyes of the slave girls among his servants, like one of the crude fellows who shamelessly undresses himself!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
242	6:1	prk3		Now	This word marks a new part of the story.
243	6:1	dz26	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all the chosen men of Israel	This metonym represents the army of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
244	6:1	f7cl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	thirty thousand	“30,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
245	6:2	bci3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	from Baalah in Judah to bring up from there the ark of God	It is implied that they are taking the ark to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “from Baalah in Judah to take to Jerusalem the ark of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
246	6:2	vy3h		to bring up from there the ark of God	Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it.
247	6:2	jrd4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	to bring up	The word “bring” can be translated as “take.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
248	6:2	t6ln	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Baalah	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
249	6:2	pkw6		which is called by the name of Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh’s name was written on the ark.
250	6:2	ima6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	who sits enthroned over the cherubim	You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate translation: “who sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
251	6:2	ae72		enthroned	to sit on a throne
252	6:3	y6lf		General Information:	General Information: David and the army of the nation of Israel move the ark of the covenant.
253	6:3	b2eb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abinadab & Uzzah & Ahio	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
254	6:5	h1vh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all the house of Israel	This metonym represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the other Israelites with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
255	6:5	g4xk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	tambourines	A tambourine is a musical instrument like the head of a drum with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken or hit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
256	6:5	tc14	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	rattles	musical instruments with many small, hard objects inside a hard shell, making rhythmic noise when shaken (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
257	6:5	d3bq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	cymbals	two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
258	6:6	ju6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nakon	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
259	6:7	yht6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	anger of Yahweh burned	Here the “anger of Yahweh” is spoken of as if it were fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
260	6:7	b8dy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	for his sin	It was a sin for Uzzah to touch the ark because Yahweh had commanded that no one should touch the ark. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
261	6:8	e8lq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Perez Uzzah	This is the name of a place. Translator may add a footnote that says, “The name ‘Perez Uzzah’ means ‘the punishment of Uzzah.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
262	6:8	tqy3		to this day	This means to the time when this was being written, not to the present time in the twenty-first century.
263	6:9	yx34	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How can the ark of Yahweh come to me?	David uses this question to emphasize that he is afraid to take the ark to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I am too afraid to bring the ark of Yahweh with me to Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
264	6:10	qjd6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Obed Edom the Gittite	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
265	6:11	a4fg		blessed him	Here “him” refers to Obed Edom the Gittite.
266	6:12	kg8i		Now	This word starts a new part of the story.
267	6:12	j7ru	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	King David was told	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people told King David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
268	6:12	tg1q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Obed Edom’s house	Here “house” represents a family. Alternate translation: “Obed Edom and his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
269	6:12	tke4		brought up the ark of God	Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it. Alternate translation: “moved the ark of God” or “took the ark of God”
270	6:12	d195	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	brought up	The word “brought” can be translated as “took.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
271	6:14	m97q		David danced before Yahweh with all his might	Dancing here is a form of joyfully worshiping Yahweh.
272	6:14	ubu5		linen	a cloth made from fibers of the flax plant
273	6:15	td5n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all the house of Israel	Here “house” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the other Israelites with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
274	6:16	qn6w		Now & in her heart	The word “Now” marks a break in the story line. Here the narrator gives information about Michal.
275	6:16	jz44		Michal	Michal was the daughter of King Saul and also David’s first wife. See how you translated this name in 2 Samuel 3:13.
276	6:16	tjm7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	she despised him in her heart	Here “heart” represents thoughts or emotions. Alternate translation: “she looked at him with disdain” or “she sneered at him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
277	6:16	b6w2		before Yahweh	Alternate translation: “to Yahweh”
278	6:18	k4ta	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he blessed the people in the name of Yahweh of hosts	To bless “in the name of Yahweh of hosts” means to bless with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
279	6:19	m8cs		cake of raisins	a baked sweet bread made with dried grapes
280	6:20	k14x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	came out	Here “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
281	6:20	jd22	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	How honored the king of Israel was today	This is an ironic statement. Michal means the opposite of what she said, and she does not believe David acted honorably. Michal speaks disrespectfully to King David about his dancing attire and behavior. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
282	6:20	nsq4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	before the eyes of the slave girls	Here “eyes of the slave girls” represents the slave girls. Alternate translation: “in front of the slave girls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
283	6:20	b7au		crude fellows	Michal is comparing David to vulgar and foolish men.
284	6:21	pz59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	who chose me above your father	Here “your” refers to Michal. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
285	6:21	a36n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	over the people of Yahweh, over Israel	Here “the people of Yahweh” and “Israel” mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
286	6:22	run9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	I will be even more undignified than this	David is being ironic and means the opposite of what he said. He does not believe what he did was actually undignified or that his actions in the future will be undignified. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
287	6:22	y1pu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will be humiliated in my own eyes	Here “in my own eyes” represents what a person considers or thinks about something. Alternate translation: “I will consider myself humiliated” or “I will consider myself a fool” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
288	6:22	ifj3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	But by these slave girls you have spoken about, I will be honored	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the slave girls of whom you have spoken will honor me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
289	6:23	cjq6		had no children to the day of her death	Alternate translation: “was never able to bear any children”
290	7:intro	c6fb			2 Samuel 7 General Notes Structure and formatting This is the finishing of a small interruption about the house of God. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]]) Special concepts in this chapter David wanted to honor God by building him a temple. God told David that he would not build it, but his son would build it. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) Covenant of David God made a covenant with David that was not conditioned upon anything David or his descendants did. God promised that one of David’s descendants would rule Israel forever. Because Israel would not have a king in the future, this promise did not begin at this time. The descendant, who would rule forever, is Jesus. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
291	7:1	cu7z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It happened	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
292	7:1	r5ag	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	given him rest from all his surrounding enemies	“given him safety from all his surrounding enemies.” Here “rest” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “caused the enemy people groups to stop attacking Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
293	7:2	chf8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I am living in a house of cedar	Cedar is a kind of tree that is known for its strength. If you have an equivalent type of tree in your culture, you can use that name, otherwise you can reword this. Alternate translation: “I am living in a strong, permanent house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
294	7:2	uvh3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the ark of God is staying in the middle of a tent	Tents are temporary dwellings. If you do not have tents in your culture, you can word this differently. Alternate translation: “the ark of God is staying in a temporary place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
295	7:3	q2im	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	do what is in your heart	Here “heart” represents the mind. Alternate translation: “do what you think you should” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
296	7:3	aw2n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	for Yahweh is with you	Here “with you” means God is helping and blessing David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
297	7:4	l5r9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to Nathan, saying:	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Nathan. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Nathan:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
298	7:5	ebh5		Go and tell David my servant, ‘This is what Yahweh says: Will you build me a house in which to live?	This is the beginning of a quotation that contains quotations within it.
299	7:5	kj3l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will you build me a house in which to live?	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that David is not the one to build a house for Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not build a house for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
300	7:5	j3s5		build me a house	Here “house” means a temple. In 7:11 Yahweh will say that he will build a house for David. There “house” means a family. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:11.
301	7:7	t5dj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	did I ever say anything to any of Israel’s leaders whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, saying, “Why have you not built me a house of cedar?”	This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “did I ever ask any of Israel’s leaders, whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, why they had not built me a house of cedar?” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
302	7:7	azt9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	did I ever say anything to any of Israel’s leaders	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he never asked any of Israel’s leaders to build him a house. Alternate translation: “I never said anything to any of Israel’s leaders” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
303	7:7	vnx2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel	Those who are leaders of the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people were sheep. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
304	7:7	kek6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why have you not built me a house of cedar?	If Yahweh had asked the leaders this question, he would have been using a question to scold them for not building him a house of cedar. But, Yahweh said previously that he did not ask them this question. Alternate translation: “You should have built me a house of cedar.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
305	7:8	k8e3		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh describes his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
306	7:8	knq9		Now	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
307	7:8	xsx1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	tell my servant David, ‘This is what Yahweh of hosts says: I took you & so that you would be ruler over my people Israel.	This has quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UST. Alternate translation: “tell my servant David that I took him … so that he would be ruler over my people Israel” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
308	7:8	fe6g		tell my servant David	Yahweh is still telling the prophet Nathan what he should tell David.
309	7:8	dae2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I took you from the pasture	David’s job as a shepherd is referred to by the place he watched his sheep. Alternate translation: “I took you from your job as a shepherd” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
310	7:9	euh7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	I have been with you wherever you went. I have cut off all your enemies from before you. Now I will make your name great, like the names of the great ones of the earth	This continues the quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UST. Alternate translation: “I have been with him wherever he went. I have cut off all his enemies from before him. Now I will make his name great, like the name of the great ones of the earth” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
311	7:9	arz6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I have been with you	Here “with you” means that Yahweh has helped and blessed David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
312	7:9	pbz4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I have cut off all your enemies	Yahweh destroying David’s enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh cut them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
313	7:9	g9f5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	make your name great	Here “name” represents a person’s reputation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
314	7:9	vtf6		the great ones	The phrase “great ones” means famous persons.
315	7:10	k1yc		I will appoint a place	Alternate translation: “I will choose a place”
316	7:10	etx1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will plant them there	Yahweh causing the people to live in the land permanently and securely is spoken of as if he would plant them in the land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
317	7:10	kax4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	be troubled no more	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will ever trouble them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
318	7:11	wxh3		from the days	Alternate translation: “from the time”
319	7:11	d6c8		I commanded judges	After the people of Israel entered the land of Canaan and before they had kings to rule them, God appointed leaders called “judges” to lead them in times of trouble.
320	7:11	gat9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to be over my people Israel	To be in authority is referred to as being over someone. Alternate translation: “to rule my people Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
321	7:11	cyy5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	Now I will give you rest from all your enemies & declare to you that I will make you a house	If in 2 Samuel 7:8 and 2 Samuel 7:9 you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate “you” as “him” or “his.” Alternate translation: “Now I will give him rest from all his enemies … declare to him that I will make him a house” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
322	7:11	a1aw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	I will give you rest from all your enemies	“I will give you safety from all your enemies.” Here “rest” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “I will make all your enemies stop attacking you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
323	7:11	ax6w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will make you a house	Here the metonym “house” refers to David’s ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In 2 Samuel 7:4 Yahweh asked David if he would be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There “house” represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
324	7:12	bvq2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers	These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. They both are polite ways to refer to death and dying. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
325	7:12	zh5i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will raise up a descendant after you	Yahweh appointing David’s descendant is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift him up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
326	7:12	n1u2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	one who will come out from your body	This is an idiom that means the person will be David’s descendant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
327	7:12	wn76	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will establish his kingdom	Here “his kingdom” represents his power to rule. Alternate translation: “I will make him to be a very powerful king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
328	7:13	rz89	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a house for my name	Here “name” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a permanent dwelling for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
329	7:13	nmu3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever	Here “throne” represents the person’s power to rule as king. Alternate translation: “I will make his rule over Israel to last forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
330	7:14	n2sv		I will be a father to him, and he will be my son	The prophecy in 7:12-14 refers to Solomon, David’s son. But, aspects of the prophecy will be fulfilled by Jesus. So, here it is best to translate the words “father” and “son” with your normal words for a biological father and son.
331	7:15	hg5v		General Information:	General Information: Yahweh finishes describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
332	7:15	h75j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	But my covenant faithfulness will not leave him, as I took it from Saul	The word “faithfulness” is an abstract noun that can be stated as “faithfully loving.” Alternate translation: “I will never stop faithfully loving him as I stopped loving Saul” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
333	7:15	a6sg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	from before you	If in 2 Samuel 7:8 and 2 Samuel 7:9 you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate “you” as “David” or “him” or “his” as in the UST. Alternate translation: “from before David. David’s house … before him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
334	7:16	q3bd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	Your house & before you. Your throne	If in 2 Samuel 7:8 and 2 Samuel 7:9 you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate “you” as “David” or “him” or “his” as in the UST. Alternate translation: “David’s house … before him. His throne” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
335	7:16	t2rk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Your house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you. Your throne will be established forever.	These two sentences have similar meanings and emphasize that David’s dynasty will last forever. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
336	7:16	y1vv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Your house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you	Here the word “house” represents David’s descendants, who will rule as kings. Here “kingdom” means about the same thing as “house.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will live to see me establish your family and their rule over the people of Israel forever” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
337	7:16	bu2w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Your throne will be established forever	Here “throne” represents the power to rule as king. Alternate translation: “I will cause your descendants to rule over Israel forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
338	7:17	mei7		all these words	“all these things.” This refers to what Yahweh had said.
339	7:17	m93t		he told him about the entire vision	Alternate translation: “he told him about everything Yahweh revealed to him”
340	7:18	nf24	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family that you have brought me to this point?	David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh’s proclamation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
341	7:19	tj8j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in your sight	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
342	7:19	r9in	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	your servant’s family	Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
343	7:19	uvu1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	for a great while to come	This speaks about time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. Alternate translation: “and what will happen to them in the future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
344	7:19	btd7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	your servant	Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
345	7:20	sd87	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What more can I, David, say to you?	David uses this question to emphasize that he has nothing left to say to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “There is nothing more I can say to you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
346	7:21	d51g		For your word’s sake	Alternate translation: “Because of what you promised to do”
347	7:21	wy8w		to fulfill your own purpose	Alternate translation: “to accomplish what you planned to do”
348	7:21	mia3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	to your servant	David refers to himself as “your servant.” It can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
349	7:22	s9d3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	as we have heard with our own ears	The phrase “with our own ears” is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “as we ourselves have heard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
350	7:22	eu9y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	as we have heard	Here “we” refers to David and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
351	7:23	gt3c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What nation is like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself?	David uses a question emphasize that there is no other nation like Israel. Alternate translation: “There is no nation like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
352	7:23	u6gx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to make a name for yourself	Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “to make all people know who you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
353	7:23	gpj6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for your land	Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “for your people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
354	7:23	y68y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	You drove out nations	Here “nations” represents the people groups that were living in Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
355	7:25	s7y8		So now	Here “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
356	7:25	wp22	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	may the promise that you made concerning your servant and his family be established forever	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “may you do what you promised to me and my family, and may your promise never change” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
357	7:25	i7rz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	your servant and his family	David is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “me and my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
358	7:26	yq4v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	May your name be forever great	Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
359	7:26	tv8x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of me, David, your servant	Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
360	7:26	r53a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	is established before you	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is secure because of you” or “continues because of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
361	7:27	i375	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	to your servant that you will build him a house	David refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “to me that you will build me a house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
362	7:27	l4yn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	that you will build him a house	Here the metonym “house” refers to David’s ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In 2 Samuel 7:4 Yahweh asked David if he would be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There “house” represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
363	7:27	fs5t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	house	Here “house” represents David’s family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
364	7:28	ie54		Now	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
365	7:28	pvq1		your words are trustworthy	Alternate translation: “I trust what you say”
366	7:29	n6ik	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	with your blessing your servant’s house will be blessed forever	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will continue to bless my family forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
367	7:29	k3a5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	your servant’s house	Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “my house” or “my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
368	8:intro	hc4j			2 Samuel 8 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter returns to the theme of the expansion of David’s kingdom. Special concepts in this chapter God enabled victory God enabled David to conquer all the surrounding nations. Much of the loot and tribute David received, he saved for the temple that his son would build.
369	8:1	drj7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	David attacked	Here David represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers attacked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
370	8:2	xbr2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Then he defeated	Here “he” refers to David who represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Then they defeated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
371	8:2	tcx6		measured their men with a line & He measured off two lines to put to death, and one full line to keep alive	Here the “line” is a “rope.” David had the soldiers lie down on the ground to be measured and sorted into three groups. The men in two groups were killed, and in the third, they were allowed to live.
372	8:3	r73a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	David then defeated Hadadezer	Here both “David” and “Hadadezer” represent their armies. Alternate translation: “David and his army then defeated the army of Hadadezer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
373	8:3	y7af	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hadadezer & Rehob	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
374	8:3	met2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zobah	This is the name of a region in Aram. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
375	8:3	r3d2		to recover his rule	Alternate translation: “to regain control over a region” or “to recapture a region”
376	8:4	f43e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	1,700 chariots	“one thousand seven hundred chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
377	8:4	d1te	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty thousand footmen	“20,000 footmen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
378	8:4	cc6y		David hamstrung	This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run.
379	8:4	b5pr		reserved enough	Alternate translation: “set aside enough” or “saved enough”
380	8:4	izr7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	a hundred chariots	“100 chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
381	8:5	u7vw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	David killed	Here David represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
382	8:5	il6u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty-two thousand Aramean men	“22,000 Aramean men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
383	8:6	ph45		put garrisons in Aram	Alternate translation: “ordered large groups of his soldiers to remain in Aram”
384	8:7	ft9e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	David took	Here “David” is probably a metonym for his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David’s soldiers took” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
385	8:8	qtw6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	King David took	Here “David” is probably a metonym for his soldiers. Alternate translation: “King David’s soldiers took” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
386	8:8	nu2q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tebah and Berothai	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
387	8:9	t4en	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tou	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
388	8:9	le1q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hamath	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
389	8:9	l3de	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	David had defeated	Here “David” is a metonym for his army. Alternate translation: “David’s army had defeated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
390	8:10	yiq3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tou & Hadoram	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
391	8:12	cjj3		and Amalek	Alternate translation: “and the Amalekites”
392	8:12	d7vv		the plundered goods	These are the valuable items that soldiers take from the people they defeated.
393	8:12	z5x6		Hadadezer son of Rehob, the king of Zobah	See how you translated these names in 2 Samuel 8:3.
394	8:13	hrc2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	David’s name was well known	Here “name” refers to David’s reputation. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “David was very famous” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
395	8:13	c9s7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Valley of Salt	This is the name of a place. Its exact location is unknown. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
396	8:13	th6r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	eighteen thousand men	“18,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
397	8:14	gc6u		He placed garrisons throughout all of Edom	Alternate translation: “He ordered groups of his soldiers to remain in areas throughout all of Edom”
398	8:16	r8xj		Joab & Zeruiah	See how you translated these names in 2 Samuel 2:13.
399	8:16	d81q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Ahilud was recorder	A recorder was a person who spoke to the people and told them the king’s announcements. Alternate translation: “Ahilud was the herald” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
400	8:16	nig1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahilud	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
401	8:17	k3p5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahitub & Ahimelech & Seraiah	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
402	8:18	gm1f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Benaiah & Jehoiada	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
403	8:18	xxs8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kerethites & Pelethites	These are names of people-groups. These people were David’s bodyguards. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
404	9:intro	lwh6			2 Samuel 9 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is another interruption to the story of David expanding his kingdom. David is concerned with fulfilling his oath to Jonathan’s descendants. Special concepts in this chapter David’s vow David determined to fulfill his vow to Jonathan to care for Jonathan’s descendants. He found Jonathan’s son and told him he would treat him as if he was one of his sons. He restored all of Saul’s property to him and had him eat every day at the king’s table. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Rhetorical question and metaphor Jonathan’s son expressed his surprise and feeling of unworthiness with a rhetorical question: “What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?” and by a metaphor comparing himself to “a dead dog.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
405	9:1	t1g1		for Jonathan’s sake	Alternate translation: “because of my love for Jonathan”
406	9:1	cy22		Jonathan’s sake	Jonathan was Saul’s son and David’s best friend.
407	9:2	id7a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ziba	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
408	9:2	ura2		I am your servant	Ziba calls himself “your servant” to show great respect to David.
409	9:3	j5la		I may show the kindness of God	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word kindness, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “kind.” Alternate translation: “I may be kind as I promised God I would be”
410	9:3	u7ba	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	who is lame in his feet	“whose feet are damaged.” The word “feet” here refers to the ability to walk. Alternate translation: “who is unable to walk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
411	9:4	ee6a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Machir & Ammiel	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
412	9:4	st1r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Lo Debar	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
413	9:5	tj7u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	King David sent	It is understood that David sent messengers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
414	9:6	fp3x		Mephibosheth	See how you translated this in 2 Samuel 4:4.
415	9:6	wni4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	came to David	The word “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
416	9:6	huu6		I am your servant	Mephibosheth refers to himself as “your servant” to show great honor to David.
417	9:7	fe5j		for Jonathan your father’s sake	Alternate translation: “because I loved your father, Jonathan”
418	9:7	zy8z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you will always eat at my table	Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “you will always eat with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
419	9:8	fvp8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?	This rhetorical question shows that Mephibosheth understands that he is not important enough for the king to take care of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am like a dead dog. I do not deserve for you to be kind to me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
420	9:8	j13e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	such a dead dog	Here Mephibosheth represents the line of Saul, and he compares himself to a “dead dog.” Dogs were feral animals, not cared for, and of little importance. A dead dog would be considered even less important. Alternate translation: “such a person like me who is worthless as a dead dog” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
421	9:10	cb8w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	must always eat at my table	Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “must always eat with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
422	9:10	ae24	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now Ziba & servants	Here “now” makes a break in the main story line. The narrator gives background information about Ziba. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
423	9:10	tgt5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	fifteen sons and twenty servants	“15 sons and 20 servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
424	9:11	fwy9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Your servant will do all that my master the king commands his servant	Ziba refers to himself as “your servant” and refers to David as “my master.” Alternate translation: “I, your servant will do all that you, my king, command me to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
425	9:12	eu17	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mika	This is the name of the son of Mephibosheth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
426	9:12	u3qr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	All who lived in the house of Ziba	Here “house” represents Ziba’s family. Alternate translation: “All of Ziba’s family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
427	9:13	caj8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he always ate at the king’s table	Here “table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “he always ate with the king at his table” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
428	9:13	du2g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	though he was lame in both his feet	“thouge both of his feet were damaged.” Here “feet” represents the ability to walk. Alternate translation: “though he was unable to walk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
429	10:intro	abca			2 Samuel 10 General Notes Structure and formatting The chapter records the last expansion of David’s kingdom. This chapter is also the beginning of a section dealing with the war between Israel and Ammon. Special concepts in this chapter Shame It was apparently the cause of shame or embarrassment in ancient Ammon to have their beards shaved off or to have their garments cut off. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Metaphor The Ammon people used a metaphor comparing themselves to a bad smell: “they had become a stench to David” when they realized they had made David very angry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
430	10:1	g3zs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hanun	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
431	10:2	k9r2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hanun & Nahash	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
432	10:3	r4at	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you really think that & you?	The leaders use a question to suggest to the king that he should not trust David. Alternate translation: “You are wrong to think that … you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
433	10:3	zys4		to spy	to secretly learn information about someone else
434	10:3	gmb8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Has not David & overthrow it?	The leaders use a question to suggest to the king that he should not trust David. Alternate translation: “You need to know that David … overthrow it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
435	10:3	d8ec	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in order to overthrow it	Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “in order to conquer us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
436	10:3	bm5t		the city	Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
437	10:4	g9ma	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	shaved off half their beards	This act was meant as an insult to humiliate the men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
438	10:5	jt3x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	were deeply ashamed	Here “deeply” is an idiom that means “very.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
439	10:5	v21l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	then return	It is understood that they should return to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
440	10:6	v8si	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they had become a stench to David	The phrase “become a stench” is a metaphor for “they had become offensive.” Alternate translation: “they had become offensive like a bad smell to David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
441	10:6	t6tc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beth Rehob & Zobah & Maacah & Tob	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
442	10:6	gk6y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty thousand & a thousand & twelve thousand	“20,000 … 1,000 … 12,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
443	10:8	u7sj		to their city gate	Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
444	10:10	ka2a		The rest of his people he put into the hand of Abishai his brother	Alternate translation: “He put Abishai his brother in charge of the rest of the army”
445	10:11	i9k3		General Information:	General Information: Joab gets the army ready for battle.
446	10:11	nlq4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	for me, then you, Abishai, must rescue me	Here “me” refers to Joab. Joab and Abishai represents themselves and their armies. Alternate translation: “for us, then you, Abishai, and your army must rescue us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
447	10:14	q6sp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	from Abishai	Here Abishai represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “from Abishai and his soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
448	10:14	d64c		into the city	Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
449	10:14	v8x9		went back to Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “returned to Jerusalem”
450	10:15	rg85	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	When the Arameans saw that they were being defeated by Israel	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the Arameans realized that the Israelites were defeating them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
451	10:16	yd3i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hadarezer & Shobak	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
452	10:16	sle1		from beyond the Euphrates River	This means the east side of the Euphrates River.
453	10:16	nik5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	They came to Helam	Here “came to” can be translated as “went to” or “gathered at” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
454	10:16	rhn4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Helam	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
455	10:17	pz1s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	When David was told this	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When David heard about this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
456	10:17	vk7a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	gathered all Israel together	Here “Israel” represents the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “assembled all the army of Israel together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
457	10:17	ism8		Helam	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 10:16.
458	10:17	ln59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	against David and fought him	Here David represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “against David and his soldiers and fought them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
459	10:18	tev3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	David killed	Here “David” is a synecdoche for himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
460	10:18	uc7z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	seven hundred & forty thousand	“700 … 40,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
461	10:18	zwc8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Shobak the commander of their army was wounded and died there	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Israelites wounded Shobak the commander of the Aramean army, and he died there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
462	10:18	s2lg		Shobak	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 10:16.
463	10:19	s2mk		Hadarezer	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 10:16.
464	10:19	dzd4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	saw that they were defeated by Israel	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “realized that the Israelites had defeated them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
465	11:intro	abcb			2 Samuel 11 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter begins a new section of David’s life. God punished David by allowing his family to have many problems. Special concepts in this chapter David’s adultery and the murder of Uriah The army of Israel defeated the army of Ammon and then they besieged Ammon’s capital while David stayed in Jerusalem. One day, David saw a beautiful woman, named Bathsheba, bathing. He committed adultery with her. When she became pregnant, David tried to cover up his sin. When this did not work, he had her husband killed in battle. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
466	11:1	eqn9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about in the springtime	“It happened in the springtime.” This introduces a new event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
467	11:1	jf4r		at the time	Alternate translation: “at the time of year”
468	11:1	a4ds	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	David sent out Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel	David sent them out to war. This can be stated clearly. Also, the word “his” refers to David. Alternate translation: “David sent Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel to war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
469	11:1	qac9		the army of Ammon	Alternate translation: “the Ammonite army”
470	11:1	myy2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Rabbah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
471	11:2	wi9y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	So it came about	“So it happened” or “So it came to pass.” The author uses this phrase to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
472	11:2	qi78	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	a woman who was bathing	The woman was not on the roof, she would have been bathing outside in the courtyard of her house. Alternate translation: “a woman who was bathing in the courtyard of her house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
473	11:3	yv7g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	So David sent	Here the word “sent” means that David sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “So David sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
474	11:3	r92k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he asked people who would know about the woman	David was trying to find out who the woman was. The word “he” refers to David, but is a metonym for the messenger that David sent. The messenger was to ask the people for information about her. Alternate translation: “the messenger asked the people who knew her about who she was” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
475	11:3	ht5y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is not this Bathsheba & and is she not the wife of Uriah the Hittite?	This question gives information and can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is Bathsheba … and she is the wife of Uriah the Hittite.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
476	11:4	s4dn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	took her	David actually sent messengers, and they took her and brought her to him. Alternate translation: “they brought her to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
477	11:4	x8kf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	she came in to him	She came into his palace and into his bedroom. Alternate translation: “she came into the place where he was” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
478	11:4	qka3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	he lay with her	This is a polite way of saying that he had sexual relations with her. You may need to use a different euphemism in your language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
479	11:4	n2gg		menstruation	the time when a woman bleeds from her womb
480	11:5	e4v5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	she sent and told David; she said, “I am pregnant.”	Here the word “sent” means that she sent a messenger to tell David that she was pregnant. Alternate translation: “she sent a messenger to David, and the messenger told David that she was pregnant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
481	11:6	bds8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Then David sent	Here the word “sent” means that David sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “Then David sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
482	11:7	vjr7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	how Joab was, how the army was doing, and how the war was going	David was asking if Joab and the army were well and about the progress of the war. Alternate translation: “if Joab was well, if other soldiers were well, and how the war was progressing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
483	11:8	qzu2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Go down to your house	The phrase go down could mean: (1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or (2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “Go to your house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
484	11:8	f1gh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	wash your feet	This phrase is a metonym for returning home to rest for the night after working all day. Alternate translation: “rest for the night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
485	11:8	s4b9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the king sent a gift for Uriah	David sent someone to bring the gift to Uriah. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the king sent someone to take a gift to Uriah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
486	11:9	fp1u		his master	The word “his” refers to Uriah and the word “master” refers to David.
487	11:10	p5tg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Have you not come from a journey? Why did you not go down to your house?	This rhetorical question is used to show David’s surprise that Uriah did not visit his wife. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “After coming from such a long journey, you should have gone down to your house.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
488	11:11	t1wr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Israel and Judah	This refers to their armies. Alternate translation: “the armies of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
489	11:11	w65k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How then can I go into my house & with my wife?	This rhetorical question is used to emphasize Uriah’s refusal to visit his wife and can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It would be wrong for me to go into my house … with my wife while the other soldiers in my army are in danger.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
490	11:11	k6b2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	to lie with my wife	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with my wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
491	11:11	ww5l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	As sure as you are alive, I will not do this	Uriah swears a strong promise that he will not go home to his wife as long as the rest of the soldiers are at war. He makes this promise by comparing the truth of his promise to the certainty that the king was alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that I will not do this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
492	11:13	a9yz		he ate and drank before him	Alternate translation: “Uriah ate and drank with David”
493	11:13	xex1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	down to his house	Possible meanings of the word down are: (1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or (2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. See how you translated the similar phrase “down to your house” in 2 Samuel 11:8. Alternate translation: “to his house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
494	11:14	c9uz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	sent it by the hand of Uriah	The phrase “the hand of Uriah” refers to Uriah himself. Alternate translation: “sent Uriah himself to deliver it to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
495	11:15	r9ph		very front of the most intense battle	Alternate translation: “very front of the battle line where the fighting is the worst”
496	11:15	z3us		withdraw from him	Alternate translation: “command the soldiers to back away from him”
497	11:15	sac7		he may be hit and killed	Alternate translation: “he may be wounded and killed”
498	11:16	di6w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the siege upon the city	The word “siege” can be expressed with the verbs “surround” and “attack.” Alternate translation: “his army surround and attack the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
499	11:17	x2mt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	some of the soldiers of David fell	The word “fell” is a polite way to refer to the soldiers being killed. Alternate translation: “David’s soldiers were killed” or “they killed some of David’s soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
500	11:17	s5r9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	and Uriah the Hittite was also killed there	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “including Uriah the Hittite” or “and the men of the city also killed Uriah the Hittite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
501	11:18	g9kw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Joab sent word to David	The phrase “sent word” means that he sent a messenger to give a report. Alternate translation: “Joab sent a messenger to David to give a report” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
502	11:20	a8wj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why did you go so near & from the wall?	Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. These questions may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near to the city to fight. You should have known that they would shoot from the wall.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
503	11:20	n65u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	shoot from the wall	This refers to men of the city shooting arrows down at their enemy from the top of the city wall. Alternate translation: “shoot arrows at you from the top of the city wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
504	11:21	h8q7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who killed Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth?	Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember how Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth was killed!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
505	11:21	h97r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth	This is the name of a man. His father is also know by the name Gideon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
506	11:21	uf4w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Did not a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez?	Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember he died at Thebez when a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the top of the wall.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
507	11:21	zx1s		millstone	a heavy stone that would roll, used to crush grain for making bread
508	11:21	g9p7		from the wall	Alternate translation: “from the top of the city wall”
509	11:21	q6dz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Thebez	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
510	11:21	p6i4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why did you go so near the wall?	Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near the wall!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
511	11:23	ax3f		the gate	Alternate translation: “the city gate”
512	11:24	jnl2		their shooters shot	Alternate translation: “their shooters shot arrows”
513	11:24	ay8n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	some of the king’s servants were killed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they killed some of the king’s servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
514	11:24	ych3		king’s servants	Here “servants” refers to soldiers, not slaves, because soldiers were servants of the king.
515	11:24	bf6f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	your servant Uriah the Hittite was killed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they killed your servant Uriah the Hittite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
516	11:25	v2pb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for the sword devours one as well as another	Here “the sword” refers to a person who kills someone with sword. Also, killing someone with a sword is spoken of as if the sword were “eating” the people. Alternate translation: “for one man can be killed by a sword the same as another man” or “for any man can die in battle” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
517	11:25	mk7a		Make your battle even stronger	Alternate translation: “Fight even stronger”
518	11:26	gx4s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	she lamented deeply	Here the author speaks of her lamenting very much as if it were deep inside her. Alternate translation: “she lamented very much” or “she lamented greatly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
519	11:27	d34z		sorrow	a deep feeling of sadness caused by suffering, disappointment or misfortune
520	11:27	d21w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	David sent and took her home	Here the word “sent” means that he sent a messenger to get her and bring her to him. Alternate translation: “David sent a messenger to her to bring her home” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
521	11:27	cq8x		displeased Yahweh	Alternate translation: “saddened Yahweh” or “angered Yahweh”
522	12:intro	abcc			2 Samuel 12 General Notes Structure and formatting This is the final expansion of David’s kingdom and records the end of the war with Ammon. Special concepts in this chapter David’s punishment God sent a prophet to confront David. He said that because David had Uriah killed, there would always be killing in his family and that the baby conceived with Bathsheba would die. David prayed that the baby be allowed to live, but the infant died. Bathsheba then had another son, who was named Solomon. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
523	12:3	jfa8		ewe lamb	a female lamb
524	12:3	wd4g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	was like a daughter to him	This refers to the closeness of this man and his little lamb. Alternate translation: “he loved it as much as if it were one of his daughters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
525	12:4	vv6b		ewe lamb	a young, female sheep
526	12:4	c763	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	for his visitor	It was for his visitor to eat. Alternate translation: “for his visitor to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
527	12:5	tm95	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	David was hot with anger against	Here the author describes how David was very angry as if his body were physically hot because of his anger. Alternate translation: “David became furious with” or “David became very angry with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
528	12:5	v4ka		he raged to Nathan	This means that David spoke angrily to Nathan.
529	12:5	gd2w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	As Yahweh lives	This expresses that David was swearing an oath or serious promise. Alternate translation: “I declare, as surely as Yahweh lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
530	12:5	r45b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to be put to death	This means to be killed. Also, that can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to be killed” or “to die” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
531	12:6	m494	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	He must pay back the lamb four times over	The amount the rich man was required to pay back to the poor man was to be four times what the little lamb cost. “He must pay the poor man four times the price of the lamb” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
532	12:6	l1te		pity	to feel sadness and love for someone who is suffering or hurt or not loved
533	12:7	x85z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	out of the hand of Saul	Here the word “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “out of Saul’s control” or “from Saul’s control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
534	12:8	ty2v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	your master’s wives into your arms	Here Yahweh describes David having his master’s wives as his own wives, by saying that they are “in his arms.” Alternate translation: “your master’s wives as your own” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
535	12:8	v7tc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I also gave you the house of Israel and Judah	Here Yahweh speaks of how he gave David his authority as king over Israel and Judah as if he gave him the houses of Israel and Judah as a gift. The phrase “the house of” means “the people of.” Alternate translation: “I also gave you authority as king over the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
536	12:8	sr3v		if that had been too little	Alternate translation: “if I had not given you enough”
537	12:9	nb14	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	So why have you despised & Yahweh, so as to do what is evil in his sight?	This rhetorical question is used to rebuke David. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised … Yahweh and should not have done what is evil in his sight!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
538	12:9	ctt1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	what is evil in his sight	Here “sight” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts or opinion. Alternate translation: “what he considers to be evil” or “what is evil in Yahweh’s judgement” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
539	12:9	iy29	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	You have struck down Uriah the Hittite with the sword	David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle. The phrase “with the sword” represents how Uriah died in battle. Alternate translation: “You have arranged for Uriah the Hittite to die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
540	12:9	n595	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	You killed him with the sword of the army of Ammon	David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle when Israel was fighting against Ammon. The phrase “with the sword” refers to how he died in battle. Alternate translation: “You arranged for him to die in battle against the army of Ammon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
541	12:10	t13v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the sword will never leave your house	Here the word “sword” refers to people dying in war. Also, David’s “house” refers to his descendants. Alternate translation: “some of your descendants will always die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
542	12:11	zbq2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	out of your own house	Here David’s “house” refers to his family. Alternate translation: “from among your own family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
543	12:11	d9za	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Before your own eyes	Here David is referred to by his eyes to emphasize what he would see. Alternate translation: “While you are watching” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
544	12:11	bc2j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	he will lie with your wives	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he will have sexual relations with your wives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
545	12:11	br6x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in broad daylight	“in full daylight.” The idea of doing something “openly” or in a way that people are fully aware of what is happening is often spoken about as being done in the “daylight.” Alternate translation: “openly” or “and everyone will see what is happening” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
546	12:12	cy92		committed your sin	Alternate translation: “sinned”
547	12:12	g9jf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	before all Israel	This phrase speaks of the people of Israel knowing about what has happened to his wives as if they all actually witnessed it happening. Alternate translation: “before all the people of Israel” or “and all the people of Israel will know about it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
548	12:13	u54j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	passed over	Yahweh has forgiven David of his sin. This is spoken of here as Yahweh passing over his sin as if it were something that he walked by and disregarded. Alternate translation: “forgiven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
549	12:13	zze1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	You will not be killed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Sometimes men died because of their sins, but he will not die because of his sin with the woman. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “You will not die” or “you will not die because of this sin” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
550	12:14	m7z5		despised	to strongly dislike or hate someone or something
551	12:14	vm9h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the child who is born to you	The phrase “born to you” means that it is David’s baby. Alternate translation: “your child who will be born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
552	12:15	z3d2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh attacked the child that & and he was very sick	Here the author speaks of Yahweh causing the baby to become sick as Yahweh attacking the child. Alternate translation: “Yahweh afflicted the child that … and he was very sick” or “Yahweh caused the baby that … to become very sick” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
553	12:15	eh1x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the child that Uriah’s wife bore to David	This means that she gave birth to a child and that David was his father. Alternate translation: “David’s child, who Uriah’s wife gave birth to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
554	12:16	t71m		implored	to beg or pray with strong desire
555	12:16	k5zu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	went inside	David went into his room when he was alone. Alternate translation: “went inside his room” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
556	12:17	dyf7		to raise him up from the floor	Alternate translation: “and urged him to get up from the floor”
557	12:18	cbe1		It came about	Alternate translation: “It happened”
558	12:18	f2jx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	he did not listen to our voice	The servants are referred to here by their voices to emphasize that they were speaking. Alternate translation: “he did not listen to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
559	12:18	ueh7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the seventh day	“day 7.” This refers to the seventh day after the baby was born. Alternate translation: “the seventh day after he was born” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
560	12:18	j2pi		Look	This is used to get people’s attention. Alternate translation: “Listen”
561	12:18	sz9x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What might he do to himself if we tell him that the boy is dead?!	The servants ask this rhetorical question to express their fear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are afraid that he may harm himself if we tell him that the boy is dead!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
562	12:19	s1tv		were whispering together	Alternate translation: “were speaking very quietly to each other”
563	12:19	mh6l		David perceived	Alternate translation: “David understood”
564	12:20	aa4t		David arose	Alternate translation: “David got up”
565	12:21	nx6q		General Information:	General Information: These verses contain rhetorical questions that emphasize that David realizes that Yahweh has allowed this to happen.
566	12:22	p2za	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me, that the child may live?	David asked this rhetorical question to empathize that no one knew if Yahweh would let the child live. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me so that the child may live.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
567	12:23	pf4k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	But now he is dead, so why should I fast?	David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that he no longer has a reason to fast. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now that he is dead it would be of no use to fast any longer.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
568	12:23	cc5p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Can I bring him back again?	David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that the boy cannot come back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot bring him back to life.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
569	12:23	qs7p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I will go to him	David implies that he will go to where his child is when he dies. Alternate translation: “When I die I will go to where he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
570	12:24	f8ut	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	went in to her and lay with her	Both the phrase “went in to her” and the phrase “lay with her” refer to David having sexual relations with Bathsheba and emphasize what they did. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
571	12:25	m6ce	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he sent word through Nathan the prophet	Here “word” refers to a message that Yahweh told Nathan to tell David. Alternate translation: “he sent Nathan to tell him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
572	12:25	rd3r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jedidiah	This is another name for David’s son Solomon, which Yahweh chose for him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
573	12:26	jf3t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Joab fought & he captured	Here the author says “Joab” but he is referring to Joab and his soldiers who fought with him. Alternate translation: “Joab and his soldiers fought … they captured” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
574	12:26	ar6m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Rabbah	Fighting against this city literally means to fight against the people of Rabbah. Translate the name the same as you did in 2 Samuel 11:1. Alternate translation: “the people of Rabbah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
575	12:27	ip2q		So Joab sent messengers to David and said	Alternate translation: “So Joab sent messengers to David to say to him”
576	12:27	c6au	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	have taken the city’s water supply	“Taking” a place or landmark means to take control of it. Alternate translation: “have taken control of the city’s water supply” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
577	12:27	n5s7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	I have fought & I have taken	Here Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “My soldiers and I have fought … my soldier and I have taken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
578	12:28	ue9d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	if I take	Here Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “if my soldiers and I take” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
579	12:28	ej7u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	camp against	This means to surround and attack. Alternate translation: “besiege” or “surround” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
580	12:28	zt5k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	take it & take the city	“Taking” a place or landmark means to take control of it. Alternate translation: “take control of it … take control of the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
581	12:28	gj9r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	it will be named	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will name it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
582	12:29	z74s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	he fought	Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers fought” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
583	12:30	n7vb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight	a talent	This may be written in modern weights. Alternate translation: “about 33 kilograms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
584	12:30	t9em		a precious stone	a rare gemstone such as a diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, or opal
585	12:30	nw9j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The crown was placed on David’s own head	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They placed the crown on David’s own head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
586	12:30	wz14	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he brought out	Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David’s soldiers. Alternate translation: “they brought out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
587	12:30	g4xl		plunder	valuable things taken from a defeated enemy
588	12:30	nq3u		large quantities	Alternate translation: “large amounts”
589	12:31	a3vv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	He brought out the people	David did not bring out the people himself; he commanded his soldiers to bring them out. Alternate translation: “David commanded his soldiers to bring out the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
590	12:31	ya1w		saws, iron picks, and axes	These are tools to cut wood or break up the ground.
591	12:31	tl3i		brick kilns	ovens where bricks are dried and hardened
592	12:31	ew58	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all the cities of the people of Ammon	This refers to the people in the cities. Alternate translation: “all the people of the cites of Ammon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
593	13:intro	abcd			2 Samuel 13 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter begins the story about the difficulties and killings in David’s family. David’s sin caused these problems in his family. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Special concepts in this chapter Amnon raped Absalom’s sister Amnon raped Absalom’s sister, who was his own half-sister. David did nothing to punish him and David’s lack of action caused significant problems in his family and in Israel. This eventually caused Solomon to become king, even though he was not the oldest son.
594	13:1	e2ti	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about after this	“It happened after this.” This phrase is used to introduce a new event to the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
595	13:1	tup1		half-sister	Amnon and Tamar shared the same father but not the same mother.
596	13:1	fj5k		full sister	Absalom and Tamar shared the same father and mother.
597	13:2	fmq1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Amnon was so frustrated that he became sick because of his sister Tamar	Amnon was frustrated because he desired to sleep with his sister Tamar. Alternate translation: “Amnon was so frustrated with desire for his sister Tamar that he felt sick” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
598	13:3	rz6p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jonadab son of Shimeah, David’s brother	These are the names of men. Shimeah was David’s brother. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
599	13:3	knc5		shrewd	crafty or deceptive
600	13:4	qef9		depressed	in an emotional state of extreme unhappiness
601	13:4	s99u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	Will you not tell me?	It is understood that he is asking him about his depression, which can be stated clearly. Also, this rhetorical question is a request for Jehonadab to tell him why he is depressed. It may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Will you not tell me why you are depressed?” or “Please, tell me why you are depressed.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
602	13:5	qen4		Jonadab	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 13:3.
603	13:5	xjs4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	eat it from her hand	This is probably a request for her to serve food to him personally. He probably did not want her to put the food in his mouth. Alternate translation: “have her serve it to me herself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
604	13:6	tsl3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I may eat from her hand	This is probably a request for her to serve food to him personally. He probably did not expect her to put the food in his mouth. Alternate translation: “she may serve it to me to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
605	13:6	n1c2		pretended to be sick	This means he gave a false appearance of being ill.
606	13:6	a3i8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for my sickness in front of me	The food is not for his sickness, but rather it is for him, because he is sick. The phrase “in front of me” is a request for Tamar to prepare the food in his presence. Alternate translation: “in front of me because I am sick” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
607	13:7	we8h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	David sent word	This means that he sent a messenger to speak to Tamar. Alternate translation: “David sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
608	13:8	k69t		dough	a thick mixture of flour and liquid used for baking
609	13:8	di8s		kneaded	used her hands to mix the dough
610	13:8	l12v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in his sight	This means that Tamar made the bread in front of him. Alternate translation: “in front of him” or “in his presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
611	13:9	cwh1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	So everyone went out from him	To “go out from someone” means to leave them. Alternate translation: “So everyone left him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
612	13:10	y3b4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	that I may eat from your hand	This is a request for Tamar to serve the food to him personally. Alternate translation: “and serve it to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
613	13:11	c79f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	lie with me	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “have sexual relations with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
614	13:12	rly8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	do not force me	She is referring to having sexual relations with him. Alternate translation: “do not force me to have sexual relations with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
615	13:12	fd8t		appalling	very shameful
616	13:13	j8jb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How could I be rid of my shame?	Tamar asks this rhetorical question to emphasize how much shame she would have if she slept with him. Tamar speaks of getting rid of her shame as if it were an enemy or a tormentor that she needed to escape from. Alternate translation: “If you do this, I would have to endure shame everywhere I go” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
617	13:14	ras3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	he lay with her	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
618	13:16	zc24	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Because this great evil of making me leave is even worse	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word this great evil, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “It would be very evil to make me leave! It would be even worse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
619	13:17	au8l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	bolt the door after her	This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. Alternate translation: “lock the door so that she cannot come back in” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
620	13:18	c6te	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	bolted the door after her	This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. Alternate translation: “locked the door so that she could not go back in” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
621	13:19	i3wt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	put ashes on her head and tore her robe. She put her hands on her head	These are acts of mourning and grief in the Israelite culture. Alternate translation: “put ashes on her head and tore her robe to show that she was very sad. Then to show her grief, she put her hands on her head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
622	13:20	w3wp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Has Amnon your brother been with you?	This is a polite way to ask is Amnon has had sexual relations with her. Alternate translation: “Has Amnon your brother slept with you?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
623	13:20	ffu3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	keep quiet	This means to not tell anyone about something. Alternate translation: “do not tell anyone about this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
624	13:20	ce3a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Do not take this thing to heart	The phrase “take something to heart” means “to worry about it.” Alternate translation: “Do not worry about what has happened” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
625	13:20	m1az		So Tamar remained alone	This means that she did not marry.
626	13:22	j3li		said nothing	Alternate translation: “did not speak”
627	13:23	q5hh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about after two full years	This explains that two whole years has passed and introduces the next event in the story line. The phrase “full years” means that they are complete years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
628	13:23	qef5		shearers	These are people who cut the wool from sheep.
629	13:23	am6l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Baal Hazor	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
630	13:24	e8ml		Look now	This is a phrase used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
631	13:24	wmj8		your servant	Absalom is calling himself “your servant” to show respect.
632	13:24	uq3x		has sheep shearers	It was customary for people in Israel to have a party after they had sheared their sheep.
633	13:24	tav8		may the king	Although he is talking to his father the king, he calls him “the king” instead of “you” to show respect for him.
634	13:26	b7e9		please let my brother Amnon go with us	The oldest son could often represent his father in Israelite culture. Amnon was David’s oldest son.
635	13:26	ep6f		Why should Amnon go with you?	David knew that Amnon was not Absalom’s friend.
636	13:27	kd8k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Absalom pressed David	Here the author speaks of Absalom urging David to let Amnon come as if he were putting physical pressure on him. Alternate translation: “Absalom begged David for Amnon to come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
637	13:27	w3cs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	all the king’s sons	This does not include Absalom and Amnon who is dead. It includes the rest of the sons that the king allowed to go to the celebration. Alternate translation: “the rest of the king’s sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
638	13:28	yfb3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Do not be afraid	This implies that they do not need to be afraid of the consequences for killing Amnon. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid that you will be blamed for killing the king’s son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
639	13:28	ev94	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Have I not commanded you?	Absalom asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he will be blamed for killing Amnon because he is commanding them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you to do this.” or “I will be the one guilty for killing him because I have commanded you to do this.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
640	13:28	fa5u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	not commanded you	What Absalom has commanded them to do may be stated in the question. Alternate translation: “not commanded you to kill him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
641	13:29	jr7q		every man	This refers to the king’s sons who left the celebration.
642	13:30	jr55	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	So it came about	“It happened that.” This phrase is used here to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
643	13:30	x2s3		on the road	Alternate translation: “travelling along the road”
644	13:30	hpn8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	that the news came to David saying	Here it says that the news came, when really someone came and told David the news. Alternate translation: “that someone came and reported the news to David saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
645	13:31	l6aw		Then the king arose	Alternate translation: “Then the king stood up”
646	13:31	a8qp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	tore his clothes, and lay on the floor	He did these things to show that he was extremely sad. Alternate translation: “tore his clothes, and threw himself on the floor grieving” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
647	13:31	a62g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	with their clothes torn	They did this to show their sadness and to mourn with their king. Alternate translation: “and tore their clothes, mourning with the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
648	13:32	a6vi		Jonadab & Shimeah	See how you translated these men’s names in 2 Samuel 13:3.
649	13:32	dsh2		Let not my master believe	Alternate translation: “My master, do not believe”
650	13:32	ev3e		my master	Jonadab calls David “my master” to show respect.
651	13:32	a8f7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Amnon violated his sister	This is a polite way of saying that Amnon raped his sister. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
652	13:33	qjg1		let not my master the king	Alternate translation: “my master the king, do not”
653	13:33	cf2y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	take this report to heart	The phrase “take something to heart” means “to worry about it.” Alternate translation: “worry about this report” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
654	13:34	rh5b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	keeping watch	This means that the servant was watching for enemies while guarding at the city wall. Alternate translation: “who was guarding” or “who was guarding at the city wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
655	13:34	j8la	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	raised his eyes	Here the servant looking up at something is spoken of as if he lifted up his eyes. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
656	13:36	r5i8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	So it came about	This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
657	13:36	r9gz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	raised their voices	Here the sons crying out is spoken of as if their voices were something they lifted into the sky. Alternate translation: “cried out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
658	13:37	dqp1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Talmai & Ammihud	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
659	13:37	wxs3		for his son	Alternate translation: “for his son Amnon”
660	13:38	pbz9		where he was for three years	Alternate translation: “where he stayed for three years”
661	13:39	ky6u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The mind of King David longed	Here David is referred to by his mind to emphasize his thoughts. Alternate translation: “King David longed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
662	13:39	t9kb		for he was comforted concerning Amnon and his death	“because he was no longer grieving about Amnon being dead.” This refers to three years after Absalom fled to Geshur.
663	14:intro	abce			2 Samuel 14 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Reconciliation David missed his son, Absalom, who was in exile. Joab summons a wise woman to reconcile David and Absalom. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]]) Important figures of speech used in this chapter Parable The wise woman uses a type of parable to convince David that his actions were wrong. He treated a stranger worse than he treated his own son. This hypothetical situation was intended to convict David of his sin. She uses David’s own words against him. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
664	14:1	c5gz		Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells about a new person in the story.
665	14:1	zlp2		Zeruiah	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 2:13.
666	14:1	nt9e		perceived	This means Joab discerned or understood what David was thinking.
667	14:2	g3b4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	sent word to Tekoa and had a wise woman brought	This means that Joab sent someone with a message to Tekoa and had him bring back a woman to him. This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “sent someone with a message to Tokoa and had him bring a wise woman back” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
668	14:2	t4f8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tekoa	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
669	14:2	rm87	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the dead	This refers to someone who has died, not dead people in general. Alternate translation: “someone who has died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
670	14:4	an12	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	she lay facedown on the ground	She did this to show her respect and submission to the king. Alternate translation: “she showed her respect to the king by laying facedown on the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
671	14:6	ij2w		One struck the other	Alternate translation: “One of my sons hit the other son with something”
672	14:7	jb47		the whole clan	Alternate translation: “my entire family”
673	14:7	aq9y		your servant	To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant.”
674	14:7	fj59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	put him to death	This is an idiom which means to kill. Alternate translation: “kill him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
675	14:7	hhk3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	they would also destroy the heir	If they put the guilty brother to death there would not be a son left to inherit the family’s possessions. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “if they did this, they would be destroying our family’s heir” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
676	14:7	vfb2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Thus they will put out the burning coal that I have left	Here the woman refers to her only living son as if he were a burning piece of coal. She speaks of the men killing her son as stopping the coal’s burning. Alternate translation: “In this way they will kill the only child I have left” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
677	14:7	vk75	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	they will leave for my husband neither name nor descendant	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “they will not leave for my husband name or descendant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
678	14:7	jl3j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	neither name nor descendant	This refers to a son to carry on the family’s name into the next generation. Alternate translation: “no son to preserve our family’s name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
679	14:7	xe94		on the surface of the earth	“on the earth.” This descriptive phrase emphasizes that the family line would not continue on earth after the husband died. “The surface of the earth” refers to the ground on which people walk.
680	14:8	w2wr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	I will command something to be done for you	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will take care of this matter for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
681	14:9	sev7		Tekoa	Translate the name of this place the same as you did in 2 Samuel 14:2.
682	14:9	gz85	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	may the guilt be on me and on my father’s family	This means that if people say that the king was wrong for helping the woman’s family that the king should not be guilty. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if anyone blames you for helping our family, may my family be considered guilty instead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
683	14:9	e186	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The king and his throne	Here the word “throne” refers to anyone who later becomes king in David’s place. Alternate translation: “The king and his descendants” or “The king and his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
684	14:9	uik4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	are guiltless	“are innocent.” This implies that in the future if anyone accuses the king of wrongdoing, he will be innocent in the matter. Alternate translation: “will be innocent regarding the matter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
685	14:10	fz7h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	says anything to you	Here speaking threats is spoken of as speaking in general. Alternate translation: “threatens you” or “speaks threats to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
686	14:10	pq9j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he will not touch you anymore	Here David speaks of a person not threatening or hurting her, by saying that the person would not touch her. It is implied that David will not allow the person threatening her to bother her again. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “I will make sure he does not threaten you again” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
687	14:11	jfs2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Please, may the king call to mind Yahweh your God	This could mean: (1) The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom meaning to pray. Alternate translation: “Please, pray to Yahweh your God” or (2) Here “call to mind” means to remember and it is implied that after he remembers Yahweh he will promise in his name. Alternate translation: “Please promise in the name of Yahweh your God” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
688	14:11	xm1u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the avenger of blood	This refers to the man who wants to avenge the death of the dead brother. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the man who wants to avenge my son’s brother’s death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
689	14:11	ez62		destroy anyone further	“cause anyone else to die.” This is in addition to the brother who already died.
690	14:11	yv76		that they will not destroy my son	Alternate translation: “that they will not kill my son” or “that they will not execute my son”
691	14:11	vgi3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	As Yahweh lives	Often people would make promises and compare how surely they would fulfil their promise to how surely Yahweh is alive. Alternate translation: “I promise you, as surely as Yahweh lives” or “In Yahweh’s name I promise” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
692	14:11	d9l6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	not one hair of your son will fall to the ground	The means that her son will not be harmed, which is exaggerated by saying that he will not lose even a single hair. Alternate translation: “your son will be completely safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
693	14:12	l1s3		your servant	To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant.”
694	14:12	hy2e		speak a further word to	“talk about something else to.” The woman is requesting to speak to the king about another topic.
695	14:12	mw9s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Speak on	This is an idiom. The king was giving her permission to continue speaking. Alternate translation: “You may speak to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
696	14:13	ia2l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why then have you devised such a thing against the people of God?	The woman asks this rhetorical question to rebuke David for how he has treated Absalom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have just said proved that you did wrong.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
697	14:13	t35u		the king is like someone who is guilty	The woman compares the king to someone who is guilty to suggest that he is guilty without saying it directly. Alternate translation: “the king has declared himself guilty”
698	14:13	f3ci		his banished son	Alternate translation: “his son whom he banished”
699	14:14	ll3p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	For we all must die, and we are like water spilled on the ground & up again	Here the woman speaks of a person dying as if they were water being spilled on the ground. Alternate translation: “We all must die, and after we die we cannot be brought back to life again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
700	14:14	f5lf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	God & finds a way for those who were driven away to be restored	The woman is implying that David should bring his son back to himself. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “God brings back someone whom he has driven away and you should do the same for your son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
701	14:15	hm99	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	because the people have made me afraid	The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “because the people have made me afraid that I have come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
702	14:15	nkn7		your servant	To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant”
703	14:16	x4ut	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from the hand of the man	This phrase is an idiom. Also, “the hand” is a metonym referring to the man’s control. Alternate translation: “out of the control of the man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
704	14:17	pn2s		the word of my master the king	Alternate translation: “the message of my master the king”
705	14:17	nm7g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	for as an angel of God, so is my master & from evil	Here David, the king, is compared to an “angel of God.” Alternate translation: “for the king is like an angel of God because they both know how to tell good from evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
706	14:18	u2d4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	Please do not hide from me anything that I will ask you	The negative form here is used for emphasis and can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “Please tell me the truth about everything I ask you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
707	14:19	p42h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Is not the hand of Joab with you in all this	Here the word “hand” refers to Joab’s influence. Alternate translation: “Has not Joab influenced you in all this” or “Did Joab send you here to speak these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
708	14:19	uz25	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	As you live	“As surely as you are alive.” Here the woman compares the certainty of what David has said to the certainty that he is alive, to emphasize how true his statement is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
709	14:19	q69g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	no one can escape to the right hand & the king has spoken	Here the woman describes the difficulty of speaking to the king and keeping him from finding out the truth by comparing it to a person not being about to escape in any direction. Alternate translation: “no one can keep you from knowing the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
710	14:19	vyl1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	to the right hand or to the left	The expression gives two extremes and means “anywhere.” Alternate translation: “anywhere at all” or “anywhere” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
711	14:20	yvt6		My master is wise	Alternate translation: “My master the king is wise”
712	14:20	j2lm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	is wise, like the wisdom of an angel of God	The woman compares David’s wisdom to the wisdom of an angel to emphasize how very wise he is. Alternate translation: “you are very wise, like an angel of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
713	14:21	n8az	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	So the king said to Joab	It is implied that the king had Joab brought before him so that he could speak to him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Then the king summoned Joab and said to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
714	14:21	g87y		Look now	This phrase is used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
715	14:21	r58j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	this thing	This refers to what Joab wants the king to do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “what you want me to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
716	14:22	n6a2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Joab lay facedown on the ground	Joab did this to honor the king and show his gratitude. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
717	14:22	qd1b		your servant	To show respect for the king Joab refers to himself as “your servant.”
718	14:22	f6n4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I have found favor in your eyes	The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, “eyes” is a metonym for sight, and sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “you are pleased with me” or “you have approved of me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
719	14:22	x4g1		in that the king	Alternate translation: “because the king”
720	14:22	gl13		the king has performed the request of his servant	Alternate translation: “you have done what I asked you to do”
721	14:24	i98k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	but he may not see my face & the king’s face	Here the word “face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “but he may not see me … the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
722	14:25	u9cd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	This word marks a break in the main story line. This new section gives background information for the part of the story that follows. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
723	14:25	fb8b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	there was no one praised for his handsomeness more than Absalom	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people praised Absalom for his handsomeness more than they praised anyone else” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
724	14:25	m4bk		handsomeness	good and pleasing appearance, especially of the face
725	14:25	tiv6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	From the sole of his foot to the top of his head there was no blemish in him	This means the whole person was without blemish. Alternate translation: “There were no blemishes on any part of his body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
726	14:26	j4bd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight	two hundred shekels	This can be written in modern units. Alternate translation: “two and a half kilograms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
727	14:26	a94i		the weight of the king’s standard	The king had weights that determined the standard weight of the shekel and other weights and measurements.
728	14:27	raf5		To Absalom were born three sons and one daughter	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Absalom had three sons and one daughter”
729	14:28	p8nr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the king’s face	Here “the king’s face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
730	14:29	nwh8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Absalom sent word for Joab	Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger to Joab with a request. Alternate translation: “Absalom sent a messenger to Joab asking him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
731	14:29	km4z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	to send him to the king	It is implied that Absalom wanted Joab to come to him to see him and to intercede for him so that he would be allowed to see the king. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “to come to him and to intercede for him so that he could see the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
732	14:29	f1c7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	So Absalom sent word a second time	Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger to Joab again with the same request. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “So Absalom sent a messenger to Joab again with the same request” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
733	14:30	g6kt		See	Here this word is used to remind people of something. Alternate translation: “As you know”
734	14:32	wb3r		Look	Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
735	14:32	cr53	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I sent word	Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “I sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
736	14:32	ay13	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	to the king to say	The message here for the king is written as if Absalom were the speaker. Absalom was asking Joab to speak the message on his behalf. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “to say to the king on my behalf” or “to ask the king for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
737	14:32	ehw7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the king’s face	Here “king’s face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
738	14:33	xix9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	bowed low to the ground before the king	Absalom is showing respect to the king. Alternate translation: “bowed low to the ground to honor the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
739	14:33	lr12	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the king kissed Absalom	This implies that the king forgave and restored Absalom. The full meaning of this can be made clear. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
740	15:intro	abcf			2 Samuel 15 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter begins the story of Absalom’s attempted revolt. Special concepts in this chapter Absalom’s conspiracy For four years, Absalom made many allies in an attempt to make himself king. This is why he acted as a judge for the people. Since this was all done in secret, it is called a “conspiracy.” David found out and fled with those in the army who were loyal to him. Important figures of speech in this chapter Metaphor The author used the metaphor of a thief to describe how Absalom was able to win people’s loyalty: “So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
741	15:1	m44b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about	This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
742	15:1	a4qh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	with fifty men to run before him	These men would run in front of the chariot to honor Absalom. Alternate translation: “with fifty men to run before him to honor him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
743	15:2	f1j6		Your servant	When a man would respond to Absalom’s question he would refer to himself as “your servant” to honor Absalom.
744	15:3	cl8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	So Absalom would say to him	It is implied that the person told his case to Absalom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Absalom would ask him what his problem was, and the man would then explain to Absalom why he sought justice. Absalom would then say to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
745	15:3	yts5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	good and right	These words have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that his case is good. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
746	15:3	d3e6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to hear your case	“Hearing” a case means to listen to it and to make a judgement decision over it. Alternate translation: “to judge your case” or “to oversee your case” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
747	15:5	n3n6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	put out his hand and take hold of him and kiss him	This action is a friendly greeting. Alternate translation: “greet him as a friend by embracing him and kissing him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
748	15:6	ty61	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	for judgment	This means that they can for the king to decide their disputes. Alternate translation: “to judge over their disputes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
749	15:6	xc8j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel	This sentence means Absalom convinced the men to be loyal to him rather than to David. Here the author speaks of how the people became loyal to Absalom by saying that he stole their hearts. Alternate translation: “In this way, Absalom convinced the men of Israel to be loyal to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
750	15:7	k1ju	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about	This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
751	15:7	u4br	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	at the end of four years that Absalom	This refers to four years after he returned to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “fours years after Absalom had returned to Jerusalem, he” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
752	15:7	z9fc		and pay a vow that I have made to Yahweh in Hebron	Alternate translation: “to Hebron and there fulfill a vow that I have made to Yahweh”
753	15:8	x8c1		For your servant	Here Absalom refers to himself this way to honor the king.
754	15:9	z24j		So Absalom arose	Alternate translation: “So Absalom left”
755	15:10	k6i1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	throughout all the tribes of Israel	Here the places where the tribes of Israel lived are referred to as the tribes themselves. Alternate translation: “throughout the land of the tribes of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
756	15:10	yb9l		the sound of the trumpet	Alternate translation: “a trumpet being blown”
757	15:11	y3hm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who were invited	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who he had invited” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
758	15:11	j5ty		went in their innocence	Alternate translation: “went innocently”
759	15:12	p6px	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	he sent for Ahithophel	This means that he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel and bring him back to him. Alternate translation: “he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel who was” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
760	15:12	b237	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahithophel	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
761	15:12	v7wx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Giloh	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
762	15:13	wjk4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The hearts of the men of Israel are following after	Here the men are referred to by their “hearts” to emphasize their loyalty to Absalom. Alternate translation: “The men of Israel are loyal to” or “The men of Israel are following after” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
763	15:14	brg3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	escape from Absalom & he will quickly & and he will bring	Here David speaks of Absalom and the men with him as “Absalom” himself because the men are following Absalom’s authority. Alternate translation: “escape from Absalom and his men … he and his men will quickly … and they will bring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
764	15:14	t8eh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	attack the city with the edge of the sword	The “city” is a metonym referring to the people in the city. The “edge of the sword” is a synecdoche referring to the Israelites’ swords and emphasize that they killed the people in battle. Alternate translation: “will attack the people of our city and kill them with their swords” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
765	15:14	s5ik	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	bring down disaster	This means to cause disaster to happen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
766	15:16	hpv6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to keep the palace	Here the word “keep” means to care for. Alternate translation: “to care for the palace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
767	15:17	cv7p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	at the last house	This refers to the last house they would come to when leaving the city. Alternate translation: “at the last house as they were leaving the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
768	15:18	hx7p		Kerethites & Pelethites	Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in 2 Samuel 8:18.
769	15:18	vht5		Gittites	Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in 2 Samuel 6:10.
770	15:18	tp2a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	six hundred men	“600 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
771	15:19	u5p9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ittai	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
772	15:19	n5dh		Gittite	Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in 2 Samuel 6:10.
773	15:19	k4yp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why will you come with us?	This rhetorical question indicates that the king does not think they should go along with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to go with us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
774	15:20	dw1l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	why should I make you wander all over with us?	This rhetorical question emphasizes David did not want Ittai to come. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to cause you to wander around with us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
775	15:20	wfd5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Since you just left yesterday	Here “yesterday” is an exaggeration that emphasizes a short amount of time. Ittai the Gittite had lived there for several years. Alternate translation: “Since you have lived here only a short time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
776	15:20	e3e8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	May loyalty and faithfulness go with you	This is a blessing that David is giving to him. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh be faithful and loyal to you always” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
777	15:21	m7sh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	As Yahweh lives, and as my master the king lives	Here the speaker is making a solemn promise. He compare the certainty the he will fulfill his promise to the certainty that Yahweh and the king are alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that as surely as Yahweh and the king live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
778	15:21	q3e6		your servant	Ittai refers to himself this way to honor the king.
779	15:21	u8i6		whether that means living or dying	Alternate translation: “even if I get killed supporting you”
780	15:23	y8br	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	All the country wept with a loud voice	Many of the people of Israel wept loudly when they saw the king leaving. Here this is generalized by saying that the whole country wept. Alternate translation: “All the people along the road wept” or “Many of the people wept” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
781	15:23	cpg7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	with a loud voice	Here the many people who were weeping are spoken of as if they shared one loud voice. Alternate translation: “loudly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
782	15:23	qn5p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kidron Valley	This is the name of a place near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
783	15:25	x2mv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I find favor in the eyes of Yahweh	Here the “eyes of Yahweh” refer to Yahweh’s thoughts and opinion. If you “find favor” with someone it means that they are pleased with you. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is pleased with me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
784	15:25	cm5c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	where he lives	“where his presence is.” The ark of the covenant symbolizes Yahweh’s presence. This refers to the place where the ark is. Alternate translation: “where it is kept” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
785	15:27	w3ii	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahimaaz	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
786	15:27	k6y6		Abiathar	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 8:17.
787	15:27	sn4s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Are you not a seer?	This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Zadok and can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will be able to find out what is happening.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
788	15:28	nvl5		See	Here this word means for the listener to pay attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
789	15:28	a6gq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	until word comes from you	This refers to him sending a messenger to the king. Alternate translation: “until you send a messenger to me to inform me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
790	15:28	g6m3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	to inform me	Here the king implies he is to receive a message informing him about what is happening in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “to tell me what is happening in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
791	15:30	m59t		barefoot	wearing no shoes or sandals
792	15:30	hz16	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	his head covered	This is a sign of mourning and shame. Alternate translation: “his head covered in mourning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
793	15:31	e31r		Ahithophel	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 15:11.
794	15:31	a24n		conspirators	people who join together against someone else
795	15:31	e4pr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	please turn Ahithophel’s advice into foolishness	David is asking Yahweh to make Ahitohphel’s advice foolish and useless. Alternate translation: “please let whatever advice Ahithophel gives be foolishness and unsuccessful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
796	15:32	lr8g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about	“It happened.” This phrase marks the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
797	15:32	q4pe	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	at the top of the road	The word “top” is used here because David went up in elevation and is at the top of a hill. Alternate translation: “at the top of the hill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
798	15:32	kgp7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	where God used to be worshiped	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where people once worshiped God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
799	15:32	bxf8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hushai	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
800	15:32	fmi7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Arkite	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
801	15:32	jt8s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	with his coat torn and earth on his head	This is an act showing shame or repentance. Here the word “earth” means dirt. Alternate translation: “He had torn his clothes and put dirt on his head to show that he was very sad” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
802	15:34	xy6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	you will confuse Ahithophel’s advice for me	David is suggest to Hushai that he oppose whatever Ahithopel advises. Alternate translation: “you can serve me by opposing Ahithophel’s advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
803	15:35	fr9e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will you not have the priests Zadok and Abiathar with you?	David asks this rhetorical question to tell Hushai that he will not be alone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Zadok and Abiathar the priests will be there to help you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
804	15:35	rkm7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	whatever you hear	This is a generalization. It means all of the important and insightful things that he hears, not every single word he hears. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
805	15:36	yg9d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahimaaz & Jonathan	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
806	15:36	z36k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	by their hand	The phrase “their hand” refers to the sons and means that they were to serve as messengers. Alternate translation: “their sons to tell me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
807	16:intro	abcg			2 Samuel 16 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Absalom seeks advice from David’s advisers David’s best adviser, Ahithophel, told Absalom to publicly seduce the concubines that David had left to take care of the palace. Because the concubines were the king’s property, having sexual relations with a king’s concubines implied that Absalom was now the king. This would show the people that the break with David was complete. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Simile To show how seriously people took Ahithophel’s advice, the author used a [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] comparing his advice to God’s advice. “Now the advice of Ahithophel that he gave in those days was as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself.”
808	16:1	uv2h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ziba	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
809	16:1	rzt4		Mephibosheth	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 4:4.
810	16:1	eex7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	two hundred loaves & one hundred clusters & one hundred bunches	“200 loaves … 100 clusters … 100 bunches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
811	16:1	md5n		loaves of bread	Alternate translation: “cakes of bread”
812	16:1	sje6		clusters of raisins & bunches of figs	These phrases refer to raisins or figs pressed together.
813	16:1	ibp3		raisins	dried grapes
814	16:1	x3jp		a skin of wine	Alternate translation: “a wineskin full of wine”
815	16:2	j2cp		faint	tired and weak
816	16:3	h7rz		your master’s grandson	Alternate translation: “Mephibosheth, your master’s grandson”
817	16:3	bdv9		grandson	the son of one’s son or daughter
818	16:3	x26u		Look	Here this word is used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
819	16:3	b9kv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	house of Israel	This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
820	16:3	fvn6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will restore my father’s kingdom to me	Having a descendant of Saul being allowed to rule is spoken of as the kingdom being restored to their family. Alternate translation: “will allow me to rule the kingdom that my grandfather ruled” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
821	16:4	h3df		Mephibosheth	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 4:4.
822	16:4	cvm5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I bow in humility to you	Ziba is not literally bowing before the king when he is speaking here. This means that he will serve the king with the same amount of humility he would be showing if he were literally bowing before him. Alternate translation: “I will humbly serve you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
823	16:4	ewk1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Let me find favor in your eyes	The phrase “find favor” means to be approved of by someone. Also, “eyes” is a metonym for sight, and sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “I want you to be pleased with me” or “I desire you for to be pleased with me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
824	16:5	q8fi		Bahurim	Translate the name of this city the same as you did in 2 Samuel 3:16.
825	16:5	y6uz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shimei & Gera	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
826	16:6	j39l		in spite of	Alternate translation: “even though there was”
827	16:6	nmf8		bodyguards	These are men who protect an important person.
828	16:7	tj6a		villain	someone who is evil, a criminal or lawbreaker
829	16:7	h2c4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	man of blood	Here “blood” refers to all of men he was responsible for killing in battle. Alternate translation: “murderer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
830	16:8	ju1y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh has repaid	Yahweh repays them by punishing them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has punished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
831	16:8	cvt3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for the blood you shed within the family of Saul	Here “blood” refer to people who were killed from Saul’s family. The king was responsible for them dying. Alternate translation: “for killing many of Saul’s family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
832	16:8	mve3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	in whose place you have reigned	David reigned as king over the same people whom Saul had previously reigned. Alternate translation: “in whose place you have reigned as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
833	16:8	uqf8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	into the hand of Absalom	Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “into the control of Absalom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
834	16:9	wg1j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abishai	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 2:18. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
835	16:9	jz4r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zeruiah	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 2:13. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
836	16:9	b6wq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why should this dead dog curse my master the king?	Abishai asked this question to express his anger at the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This dead dog must not speak to the king this way.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
837	16:9	p79k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	this dead dog	Here the man is being described as worthless by being compared to a dead dog. Alternate translation: “this worthless man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
838	16:10	i1pm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What have I to do with you, sons of Zeruiah?	This rhetorical question is asked to correct the sons of Zeruiah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to know what you think!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
839	16:10	wrg4		Perhaps he is cursing me because	Alternate translation: “He may be cursing me because”
840	16:10	g4rx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who then could say to him, ‘Why are you cursing the king?	This is said as a rhetorical question to emphasize that the answer is “no one.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one then can ask him, ‘Why are you cursing the king?’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
841	16:11	y6it	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	my son, who was born from my body	David describes his son this way to emphasize the close bond between a father and his son. Alternate translation: “my own son” or “my dear son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
842	16:11	l8bj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	wants to take my life	This is a polite way to refer to killing someone. Alternate translation: “wants to kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
843	16:11	znl2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How much more may this Benjamite now desire my ruin?	David uses this rhetorical question to express that he is not surprised that the man wants to kill him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Of course this Benjamite desires my ruin!” or “I am not surprised this Benjamite desires my ruin as well!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
844	16:11	t9uf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	desire my ruin	Here David describes the man’s desire to kill him as if David were something that the man wanted to ruin. Alternate translation: “desire me to be killed” or “desire to kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
845	16:11	tb7g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Leave him alone and let him curse	Here the phrase “leave him alone” means to not stop him from what he is doing. Alternate translation: “Do not stop him from cursing me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
846	16:12	xk9r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	will look at	Here “looking” means “considering.” Alternate translation: “will consider” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
847	16:12	smf2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	the misery unleashed on me	Here David speaks of misery as if it were a dangerous animal that the Benjamite unleashed on him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
848	16:13	h7jk		Shimei went beside him up on the hillside	Shimei was walking parallel to David and his men, though Shimei was up higher on the hillside.
849	16:15	l6bc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahithophel	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 15:12. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
850	16:16	p1gq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hushai	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 15:32. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
851	16:16	d97z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about	“It happened that.” This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
852	16:16	gp9v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Arkite	See how you translated the name of this people group in 2 Samuel 15:32. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
853	16:17	x1al		loyalty	a strong feeling of support and love
854	16:17	b4yd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is this your loyalty to your friend? Why did you not go with him?	These rhetorical questions are asked to criticize Hushai. They can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have been a loyal friend to David; you should have gone with him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
855	16:18	t8c4		the one whom Yahweh	Hushai is referring to Absalom.
856	16:18	k7hr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	the one whom & that is the man & with him	Here Hushai is referring to Absalom in the third person to take emphasize off of him and place it on Yahweh and the people who chose him. This can be written in second person. Alternate translation: “you are the one whom … you are the man … with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
857	16:19	hq49	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	what man should I serve? Should I not serve in the presence of his son?	Hushai asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that he wants to serve Absalom. They can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I should serve only David’s son, so I will serve in his presence.” or “I should serve you, for you are David’s son.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
858	16:20	f7w3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahithophel	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 15:12. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
859	16:21	d7c8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Go into your father’s slave wives	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Have sexual relations with your father’s slave wives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
860	16:21	sm7v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to keep the palace	The phrase “to keep” means to take care of. Alternate translation: “to take care of the palace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
861	16:21	jx59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	become a stench to your father	Ahithophel speaks of Absalom offending his father as if he would become something that had a strong and offensive odor. Alternate translation: “become offensive to your father” or “greatly insulted father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
862	16:21	bu9j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Then the hands of all who are with you will be strong	Here the people who followed Absalom are referred to by their hands. The news will strengthen the peoples’ loyalty to Absalom and encourage them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The news of this will strengthen the loyalty of all who follow you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
863	16:22	cj6n		they spread	Alternate translation: “they set up”
864	16:22	gx92	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Absalom went in to his father’s slave wives	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Absalom had sexual relations with his father’s slave wives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
865	16:22	v3ik	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	in the sight of all Israel	This means that people were able to see the tent and Absalom walking in and out of the tent with the women. The phrase “all of Israel” is a generalization, for only people near the palace could see it. Alternate translation: “where the Israelites could see him go into the tent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
866	16:23	k3y9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Now the advice of Ahithophel & was as if a man heard	Here the author compare how much people trusted Ahithophel’s advice with how much they would trust advice directly from God. Alternate translation: “Now people trusted the advice of Ahithophel in those days in the same way they would have trusted it if had come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
867	16:23	qt97	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself	Here God’s mouth represents himself and emphasizes his speech. Alternate translation: “as if God had said it with his own mouth” or “as if a man heard it spoken by God himself” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
868	16:23	jqr6		all of Ahithophel’s advice was viewed by both David and Absalom	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “both David and Absalom viewed all of Ahithophel’s advice”
869	16:23	p2g1		was viewed	Alternate translation: “was thought of”
870	17:intro	abch			2 Samuel 17 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Confusion Ahithophel gives good advise to Absalom, but Hushai confuses Absalom. God is using the misleading advice to protect David, his king.
871	17:1	jz1q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahithophel	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 15:12. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
872	17:1	y3kl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twelve thousand men	“12,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
873	17:1	xpm7		arise and	Alternate translation: “begin to”
874	17:2	p8re		come on	Alternate translation: “come to”
875	17:2	ukx7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	weary and weak	These words mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how weak David was. Alternate translation: “weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
876	17:2	si3k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	will surprise him with fear	Here the word “fear” can be expressed with the adjective “afraid.” Alternate translation: “will surprise him and make him afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
877	17:2	txi8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I will attack only the king	It is implied that he intends to kill the king. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will kill only the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
878	17:3	b53b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	bring back all the people	This refers to all of the people who were with David. Alternate translation: “bring back all of the people who were with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
879	17:3	b385	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like a bride coming to her husband	Here Ahithophel speaks of the peoples’ happiness by comparing it to a bride’s happiness. Alternate translation: “and they will come happily, like a bride is happy when she comes to her husband” or “and they will come happily” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
880	17:3	fwq6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	be at peace	This means to have peace or to live peacefully. Alternate translation: “live peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
881	17:3	d16g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	under you	This refers to being under the king’s authority. Alternate translation: “under your authority” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
882	17:5	b9n4		Hushai the Arkite	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 15:32.
883	17:6	lw7i		Ahithophel	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 15:12.
884	17:8	w2fu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	they are like a bear robbed of her cubs	The anger of the soldiers here is being compared to that of a mother bear who cubs are taken from her. Alternate translation: “they are angry, like a mother bear whose cubs have been take from her” or “they are very angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
885	17:8	ytp8		a bear	a large furry animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth
886	17:8	q99g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	is a man of war	This means that his has fought in many battles and knows well the ways of war. Alternate translation: “has fought in many battles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
887	17:9	vwd2		Look	Here this word is used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
888	17:9	kc65		pit	a deep hole in the ground
889	17:9	v2xp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	or in some other place	This is another place he may be hiding. Alternate translation: “or hidden in some other place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
890	17:9	d2wh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	when some of your men have been killed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when his soldiers kill some of your men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
891	17:9	f1q8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	A slaughter has taken place among the soldiers who follow Absalom	The noun “slaughter” means an event where many people are brutally killed. This can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “Many of the soldiers who follow Absalom have been slaughtered” or “The enemy soldiers have killed many of the soldiers who follow Absalom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
892	17:10	g7bl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	whose hearts are like the heart of a lion	Here the soldiers are refers to by their “hearts.” Also, their strong bravery is compared to that of a lion’s. Alternate translation: “who are as brave as lions” or “who are very brave” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
893	17:11	sm9p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	that all Israel should be gathered together to you	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Also, here “all Israel” represents only the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “that you should gather together all of the Israelite soldiers” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
894	17:11	jz3g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	from Dan to Beersheba	This phrase means from the northern border of Israel to the southern border. Alternate translation: “from the whole nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
895	17:11	vl1f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	as numerous as the sands that are by the sea	This is an exaggeration where all the grains of sand on a beach are compared to the number of Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “so many that they can barely be counted” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
896	17:11	lbr4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	that you go to battle in person	The phrase “in person” means to go yourself and not send someone else instead. Alternate translation: “then lead them yourself into battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
897	17:12	v92h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	come on him	This means to purposefully go to where he is and then to attack. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
898	17:12	rys8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	we will cover him as the dew falls on the ground	Absalom’s army is described as covering David’s army like the dew covers the ground in the morning. Alternate translation: “we will overwhelm and completely defeat David’s army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
899	17:12	k6bm		dew	the fog or misty cloud of water that can fall onto the ground during the night, covering the ground and leaving it wet in the morning
900	17:12	jdy3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	We will not leave even one of his men & alive	This negative sentence is used for emphasis and can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “We will kill every one of his men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
901	17:12	dwr7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	him himself	Both these words refer to David. Alternate translation: “David himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
902	17:13	cez7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	then all Israel	This refers to Israel’s soldiers, not to all of Israel. Alternate translation: “then all of our soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
903	17:13	v4rx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	will bring ropes to that city and we will drag it into the river	This means that the soldiers would tear down the city walls and drag the pieces to river. Alternate translation: “will destroy the city and drag the stones to the river with ropes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
904	17:13	ua57	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	until there is no longer even a small stone found there	This is an exaggeration to describe how completely they will destroy the city. The would not literally sweep away every small stone from the city. Alternate translation: “until the city is completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
905	17:14	vg6q		Hushai the Arkite	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 15:32. Arkite is the name of a people group.
906	17:14	erd5		Ahithophel	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 15:12.
907	17:14	j39m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the rejection of Ahithophel’s good advice	The word “rejection” can be expressed with the verb “reject.” Alternate translation: “for the men of Israel to reject Ahithophel’s good advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
908	17:14	rwx8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to bring destruction on Absalom	To “bring” something on someone means to cause it to happen to them. Alternate translation: “to cause a disaster to happen to Absalom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
909	17:15	pp5p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zadok & Abiathar	See how you translated these men’s names in 2 Samuel 15:24. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
910	17:15	f3gh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in such and such a way	This phrase, meaning “like this,” refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom earlier beginning in 2 Samuel 17:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
911	17:16	b624		the fords of the Arabah	A ford is a shallow part of a river where people can walk across. The Arabah is the land along both sides of the Jordan River.
912	17:16	u94n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	by all means	This means to make sure that you do something. Alternate translation: “be sure to” or “make sure that you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
913	17:16	adt3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the king will be swallowed up	Here the king and his people being killed is describes as if they were “swallowed” by their enemy. Alternate translation: “the king will be killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
914	17:17	u8z7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jonathan & Ahimaaz	See how you translated these men’s names in 2 Samuel 15:27. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
915	17:17	q25n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	When the message came	Here the “message” is spoken of as coming to them, when really it is the woman who came to then bringing the message. Alternate translation: “When she brought them a message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
916	17:17	h5de	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	spring of Rogel	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
917	17:18	q737		this time	Alternate translation: “one time”
918	17:18	r7rc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	So Jonathan and Ahimaaz went away	It is implied that they found out that the young man had told Absalom about them being there. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Jonathan and Ahimaaz found out what the young man had done, so they went away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
919	17:18	t68a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bahurim	This is the name of a small town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
920	17:18	fa3m		they descended	Alternate translation: “they lowered themselves and hid”
921	17:19	j4xb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jonathan & Ahimaaz	See how you translated these men’s names in 2 Samuel 15:27. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
922	17:20	f1dc		the woman of the house	Alternate translation: “the man’s wife”
923	17:20	n16k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahimaaz & Jonathan	See how you translated these men’s names in 2 Samuel 15:27. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
924	17:21	kx9m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about	“It happened.” This phrase marks the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
925	17:21	r493	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	cross quickly over the water	Here “the water” refers to the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “cross quickly over the river” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
926	17:21	h17r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	has given such and such advice	The idiom “such and such” is used in the place of information that is already know by the reader. Here it refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom beginning in 2 Samuel 17:1. This information can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “has advised that Absalom send him with an army to attack you now” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
927	17:22	l8sk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	By morning daylight not one of them had failed to cross over the Jordan	This negative sentence is used to emphasize that they all crossed the river. It can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “By morning daylight every one of them had crossed over the Jordan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
928	17:23	gix9		Ahithophel saw	Alternate translation: “Ahithophel knew” or “Ahithophel realized”
929	17:23	x22t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	his advice had not been followed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Absalom had not followed his advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
930	17:23	pmh2		saddled his donkey	placed a blanket or small leather seat on the donkey so he could sit on it
931	17:23	zw5j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	set his affairs in order	He prepared for his death by telling his family what to do after he died. Alternate translation: “he prepared for his death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
932	17:23	yg9t		In this way	Alternate translation: “And this is how”
933	17:23	b2wa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	was buried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
934	17:24	c8ze	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mahanaim	Translate the name of this place the same as you did in 2 Samuel 2:8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
935	17:25	dur7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Amasa & Joab & Jether & Nahash	These are the names of men. See how you translated Joab and Zeruiah (Joab’s mother) in 2 Samuel 2:13. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
936	17:25	v1vl		Ishmaelite	This word means that the person is descended from Ishmael. Some versions say “Israelite” here. See the footnote. You may want to choose the word that is used in the majority language Bible in your area.
937	17:25	q7fs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	who went in to Abigail	This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “who had sexual relations with Abigail” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
938	17:25	yn85	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abigail & Zeruiah	These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
939	17:26	p8z6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gilead	Translate the name of this place the same as you did in 2 Samuel 2:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
940	17:27	a88x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about	This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
941	17:27	ya8t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mahanaim & Rabbah & Lo Debar & Rogelim	These are the names of cities or places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
942	17:27	sb1a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shobi & Nahash & Machir & Ammiel & Barzillai	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
943	17:27	g662	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ammonites & Gileadite	These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
944	17:28	td28		sleeping mats and blankets	A mat is something soft to sleep on, and a blanket is a cloth covering for warmth.
945	17:28	sk67		flour	crushed grain made into powder and used to make bread
946	17:28	wym6		roasted	cooked with dry heat
947	17:28	epx5		beans	seeds that are cooked and eaten
948	17:28	s9d6		lentils	a kind of seed that is cooked and eaten
949	17:29	vx1d		curds	milk that has soured and become solid
950	17:29	hpg5		thirsty	in need of water or some other drink
951	18:intro	abci			2 Samuel 18 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter tells of the defeat and death of Absalom, ending this section on Absalom’s rebellion. Special concepts in this chapter David’s mercy David reorganized his army and sent them out to battle, but told them to be merciful to Absalom. When David’s army defeated Absalom’s army, Absalom fled on a mule, but his hair caught in a tree limb and the mule ran on, leaving him hanging. One of David’s soldiers saw him and told Joab. Joab went and killed him. When David heard about this he mourned for his son, Absalom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])
952	18:1	y2u4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	David counted the soldiers who were with him and appointed	David did not count all of the people himself, rather other men counted them. Alternate translation: “David commanded for the soldiers who were with him to be counted and he appointed” or “David arranged the soldiers who were with him and appointed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
953	18:1	qt9x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	captains of thousands and captains of hundreds	This could mean: (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
954	18:1	pa96		captains	A captain is a person who is in authority over a group of soldiers.
955	18:2	x31q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction	one-third & another third	“one-third of the army … another third of the army.” A “third” is one part out of three equal parts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
956	18:2	lu6k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abishai & Zeruiah	See how you translated these men’s names in 2 Samuel 2:18. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
957	18:2	xwu2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ittai	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 15:19. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
958	18:2	zy14	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gittite	This refers to a person from Gath, which is a Philistine city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
959	18:2	s8e1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I will certainly go out with you myself, too	This means that he will go out with them to battle. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I myself will go with you to battle” or “I personally will go with you into battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
960	18:3	z3p1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	half of us	The word “half” refers to one out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
961	18:3	cmi5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	you are worth ten thousand of us	This means that the enemy army considering killing David of greater worth than killing 10,000 of the other men. The number 10,000 here is an exaggeration used to emphasize a very great number of people. Alternate translation: “they would rather kill you than to kill 10,000 of us” or “killing you is worth more to them than killing a great number of us” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
962	18:3	nx5a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	ten thousand	“10,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
963	18:3	r2hd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	that you be ready to help us from the city	David could help them from the city by advising them and sending men to help them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that you stay here in the city and send help to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
964	18:5	idy7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abishai	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 2:18. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
965	18:5	nnf5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ittai	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 15:19. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
966	18:5	jbs6		Deal gently for my sake with the young man, with Absalom	“For my sake, do not harm the young man, Absalom.” The phrase “Deal gently” means to be kind to someone and not to harm them.
967	18:5	s62a		my sake	Alternate translation: “my well-being” or “my account”
968	18:6	ak3c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	went out into the countryside against Israel	This means that they went out and fought against them in battle. Alternate translation: “went out into the countryside and fought against Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
969	18:6	na7e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	against Israel	Here “Israel” refers to their soldiers, not all of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “against the Israelite soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
970	18:7	xa6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The army of Israel was defeated there before the soldiers of David	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There the soldiers of David defeated the army of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
971	18:7	ef2b		a great slaughter	an event where many people are brutally killed
972	18:7	qgp8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty thousand men	“20,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
973	18:8	ndw4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	more men were consumed by the forest than by the sword	Here “the forest” is described as if it were alive and could act. “The sword” refers to David’s soldiers who fought with swords. Alternate translation: “dangerous things in the forest killed more men than David’s soldiers killed with their swords” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
974	18:9	fye9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Absalom happened to meet some of David’s soldiers	This is an event that happened during the battle. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “During the battle, Absalom happened to meet some of David’s soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
975	18:9	ua3f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his head was caught up in the tree branches	Absalom had long hair that got caught in the tree branches. Alternate translation: “his hair was caught in the tree branches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
976	18:9	iq6e		dangling	hanging or swinging loosely
977	18:9	eys5		between the ground and the sky	Alternate translation: “in the air”
978	18:10	n893		Look	Here this word is used to draw a person’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
979	18:11	w13x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why did you not strike him down to the ground?	This rhetorical question means that he should have killed him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. The phrase “strike down” means to kill. Alternate translation: “You should have struck him down to the ground!” or “You should have killed him immediately!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
980	18:11	aik2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	ten silver shekels	This can be written in modern units. Alternate translation: “ten silver coins” or “110 grams of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
981	18:11	xu84		belt	This is a special belt that shows people that someone is a great soldier and should be honored.
982	18:12	m6ur	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	a thousand silver shekels	“1,000 silver shekels.” This can be stated in modern units. Alternate translation: “1,000 silver coins” or “11 kilograms of silver” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
983	18:12	y75l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	would not have reached out my hand against the king’s son	The phrase “reached out my hand” means to attack. Alternate translation: “would not have attacked the king’s son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
984	18:12	c6je	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	No one must touch	Here “touching” refers to “harming.” Alternate translation: “No none must harm” or “Do not harm” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
985	18:13	if8q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	a falsehood	The word “falsehood” can be expressed with a verbal phrase. Also, this refers to disobeying the king’s command. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “doing something that is wrong” or “by disobeying the king” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
986	18:13	b1r6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	there is nothing hidden from the king	Here the man speaks about how the king knows about almost everything that happens as if everything were a physical object he knew the location of. Alternate translation: “there is nothing that the king does not know” or “the king hears about everything that happens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
987	18:14	jl1n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I will not wait for you	Joab meant that he should not continue talking to the man. Alternate translation: “I will not waste anymore time talking to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
988	18:14	m7ub	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	heart of Absalom	Here Absalom’s heart refers to his chest or upper body. Alternate translation: “chest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
989	18:15	va7x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	armor	This refers to both the armor he would wear to protect himself and to his weapons. Alternate translation: “armor and weapons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
990	18:16	f9za	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Then Joab blew the trumpet, and the army returned from pursuing Israel, for Joab held back the army	This describes what Joab commanded by blowing the trumpet. Alternate translation: “Then Joab blew the trumpet to call back the army, and the army returned from pursuing Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
991	18:16	ji7k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	returned from pursuing Israel	Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite army. Alternate translation: “returned from pursuing the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
992	18:17	st6r		They took Absalom and threw him	Alternate translation: “They took Absalom’s body and threw it”
993	18:17	d3n5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	they buried his body under a very large pile of stones	After putting his body in the pit they covered it with a pile of stones. This can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “they covered his body with a huge pile of stones” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
994	18:17	b87l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	while all Israel fled	Here “all Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers. The word “fled” means “ran away.” Alternate translation: “while all the Israelite soldiers ran away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
995	18:18	s18q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the King’s Valley	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
996	18:18	j9s8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to carry along the memory of my name	Absalom uses the phrase “my name” to refer to himself and his family line. Alternate translation: “to carry on my family name, by which people would remember me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
997	18:18	tg1p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	so it is called Absalom’s Monument to this very day	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so people called it Absalom’s Monument from that day on” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
998	18:18	h1qh		to this very day	This refers to the present time when this book of the Bible was written.
999	18:19	md2p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahimaaz	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 15:27. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1000	18:19	qby5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	run to the king with the good news	Here Ahimaaz speaks of running to go and tell the king the good news as if the good news were a object that he were carrying. Alternate translation: “run to tell the king the good news” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1001	18:19	jyg5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hand of his enemies	Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “the control of his enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1002	18:20	qeg4		the bearer of news	Alternate translation: “the one who tells the news”
1003	18:20	v56v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	you will bear no news	This refers to not bearing the news to the king. Alternate translation: “you will not tell the news to the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1004	18:21	q3lf		tell the king what you have seen	Joab is telling him to go and tell the king about the news of the battle.
1005	18:24	zqb5		Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line and the beginning of a new part of the story.
1006	18:24	t7w3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	raised his eyes	Here the watchman looking to see something is spoken of as if he lifted up his eyes. Alternate translation: “looked out beyond the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1007	18:25	r6br	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	there is news in his mouth	Here the king speaks of the man having a message as if the news were an object sitting in his mouth. Alternate translation: “he has news to tell us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1008	18:27	zpr6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	I think the running of the man in front is like the running of Ahimaaz son of Zadok	The watchman compares the way the man ran to the way Ahimaaz runs to suggest that it may be him. Alternate translation: “I think the man running in front is Ahimaaz son Zadok, because he runs like Ahimaaz” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1009	18:28	ft3g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	He bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground	He did this to honor the king. Alternate translation: “He bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground to honor the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1010	18:28	qm8v		Blessed be Yahweh	“Praise Yahweh.” Here “bless” means to praise.
1011	18:28	e5ky	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the men who lifted up their hand against my master the king	Here Ahimaaz speaks of the men opposing the king as if they were raising their hands before him. Alternate translation: “the men who opposed and fought against my master the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1012	18:29	l8s8		a great disturbance	This means that people were acting as though things were not right.
1013	18:30	bg95		Turn aside and stand here	Alternate translation: “Move out of the way” or “Stand aside”
1014	18:31	e1tf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	rose up against	This means to oppose. Alternate translation: “opposed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1015	18:32	s9h4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The enemies of my master the king, & should be as that young man is	The Cushite uses a comparison as a polite way to tell the king that Absalom is dead. This can be stated more directly. Alternate translation: “I would like all your enemies … to die the way that young man died” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1016	18:33	la2k		was deeply unnerved	Alternate translation: “was very unhappy” or “was trembling with grief”
1017	19:intro	abcj			2 Samuel 19 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter David told to stop mourning Absalom Joab warned David that if he continued to mourn Absalom and not thank his army, they would all desert him. So David went out to encourage the soldiers. David was both a good father and a good leader. David made king again This chapter record the recognition that David was the true king of Israel. It is important to remember that even though Absalom had power for a while, David never stopped being the king. The ten tribes and Judah argue over David The ten tribes of Israel argued with the tribe of Judah about who would bring David across the river. The men of Judah answered the ten tribes very harshly. This may foreshadow, or give a glimpse of, the future civil war that would come to divide these two groups. Important figures of speech in this chapter Rhetorical questions The people wanted David back as their king and expressed it in a rhetorical question: “So why are we not talking about bringing the king back?” David also used a question to persuade the people of Judah to bring him back: “You are my brothers, my flesh and bone. Why then are you the last to bring back the king?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1018	19:1	wl3f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Joab was told	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Joab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1019	19:1	ggg6		Look, the king is weeping	The word “Look” is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen, the king is weeping”
1020	19:2	jq6i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	So the victory that day was turned into mourning for all the army	This means that the whole army mourned instead of celebrating. AT “So instead of celebrating victory that day, the whole army mourned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1021	19:3	c8b8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like people who are ashamed sneak away when they run from battle	The author compares the way that the soldiers had to sneak back into the city to the way that soldiers sneak away when they are running away from battle. This emphasizes that they were made to feel ashamed. Alternate translation: “in the same way that people who had run away from battle would sneak away because they were ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1022	19:3	z9zj		sneak	move without being seen by others
1023	19:4	bt57	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	The king covered his face	This is a way to express grief and mourning. Alternate translation: “The king showed his grief by covering his face” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1024	19:5	ve2h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	You have shamed the faces of all your soldiers today	Here the soldiers are referred to by their face to emphasize how they would have hid their faces because of their shame” Alternate translation: “You have caused all your soldiers to hide their faces in shame today” or “You have caused all of your soldiers to be ashamed today” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1025	19:6	sx3c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	nothing to you	This phrase is an exaggeration, but it expresses the very low value that David showed for the army. Alternate translation: “are worth very little to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1026	19:6	si4j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	if Absalom had lived, and we all had died, then that would have pleased you	The speaker is giving a hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1027	19:7	h9b9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I swear by Yahweh	Joab is making a very strong oath. Alternate translation: “I swear, as surely as Yahweh is alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1028	19:7	p34h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	if you do not go, not one man will remain with you	This means that only if David went would his soldiers remain with him. Alternate translation: “only if you go will any of your men remain with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1029	19:7	m2uc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	not one man will remain with you	This refers to them remaining loyal to him. Alternate translation: “not one man will remain loyal to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1030	19:8	e6vs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	all the people were told	This is a generalization. It means most of the men. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “many of the men who were there heard others saying” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1031	19:8	msv7		Look, the king is sitting	The word “Look” is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen, the king is sitting”
1032	19:8	q8cd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	all the people	Here “the people” refer to the people who followed David. Here “all” is an generalization. It means a large number came and gathered around him. Alternate translation: “many of the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1033	19:8	k5ue	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	So Israel fled, every man to his home	Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers who followed Absalom. Alternate translation: “And every Israelite soldier fled to his own home” or “And all of the Israelite soldiers fled to their homes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1034	19:9	ypj8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	out of the hand of our enemies	Here “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “from under the control of our enemies” or “from our enemies’ control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1035	19:9	wn5a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	out of the hand of the Philistines	Here “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “from under the control of the Philistines” or “from the Philistines’ control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1036	19:9	w56d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	out of the land because of Absalom	This means that he had left the country fleeing from Absalom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “out of the country fleeing from Absalom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1037	19:10	h2rq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	why do you say nothing about bringing the king back?	This means they should consider bringing David back now that Absalom was dead. The question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “we should be talking about bringing the king back.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1038	19:10	n7fv		the king	This refers to David.
1039	19:11	ywv6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	sent to Zadok and to Abiathar	This means that David sent a messenger to Zadok and Abiathar. Alternate translation: “sent a messenger to Zadok and to Abiathar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1040	19:11	jd6q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why are you the last to bring the king back & to bring him back to his palace?	This rhetorical question is asked to rebuke the elders in Judah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first to favor the king and bring him back to the palace, not the people of the nation of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1041	19:11	d4d9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	since the talk of all Israel favors the king, to bring	The noun “talk” can be expressed with the verb “talk” or “speak.” Alternate translation: “since all Israel speaks favorably about the king and desires to bring” or “since what the people of Israel are saying is in the king’s favor, to bring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1042	19:11	v8mv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to bring the king back to his palace	Here restoring the king’s authority to rule is spoken of as bringing him back to his palace. Alternate translation: “to restore the king’s authority as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1043	19:12	si3p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You are my brothers, my flesh and bone	The king uses these to phrases to emphasize that they are closely related. Being or having the same flesh is a metaphor for belonging to the same family or tribe. Alternate translation: “You are my brothers, and we have the same flesh and bone” or “You are my brothers, my close relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1044	19:12	n4pu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why then are you the last to bring back the king?	This is the second rhetorical question here and it is also a rebuke for the elders of Judah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first, not the last, to bring back the king.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1045	19:13	uf92	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Amasa	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 17:25. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1046	19:13	h28k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Are you not my flesh and my bone?	David uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that they are related. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are my flesh and my bones.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1047	19:13	f88h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my flesh and my bone	Here David speaks of them being related by saying that they have the same flesh and bones. See how you translated a similar phrase in 2 Samuel 19:12. Alternate translation: “my relative” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1048	19:13	gk6u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	God do so to me	This is an idiom that means for God to kill him. Alternate translation: “May God kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1049	19:14	g6z6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he won the hearts	Here the mens’ loyalty is referred to as their “hearts.” Alternate translation: “he won the loyalty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1050	19:14	w82p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	as one man	This speaks of the men being united in their loyalty to the king as if they were one man with the same mind. Alternate translation: “and they were united together” or “they were united in their loyalty to the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1051	19:14	a3id	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	They sent to the king	This means that they sent a messenger to the king. Alternate translation: “They sent a messenger to the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1052	19:16	p33r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gera	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1053	19:16	ke2l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bahurim	Translate the name of this place the same as you did in 2 Samuel 3:16. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1054	19:17	kj6a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ziba	This is the name of a man. Translate as you did in 2 Samuel 9:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1055	19:17	e34y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	one thousand men & fifteen sons & twenty servants	“1,000 men … 15 sons … 20 servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1056	19:17	s7u2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	in the presence of the king	This means that the king was there and was aware of what was happening. Alternate translation: “at the place where the king was” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1057	19:19	tx71	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	call to mind	This means “to remember.” Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1058	19:19	m7n5		your servant	Here Shimei refers to himself this way to humble himself before the king and honor the king.
1059	19:19	s3zc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	not take it to heart	“To take something to heart” means to think about something seriously or to be bothered by it. Alternate translation: “not be bothered by it” or “forget about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1060	19:21	w2c6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abishai	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 2:18. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1061	19:21	p13v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zeruiah	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 2:13. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1062	19:21	yth5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Should not Shimei be put to death for this, because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed?	Abishai was angry at Shimei for cursing David and is suggesting that he should be killed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Shimei should be put to death because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1063	19:21	spv5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh’s anointed	This refers to David. It means that he is the man that Yahweh had anointed as king. Alternate translation: “the man that Yahweh has anointed as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1064	19:22	dn85	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What have I to do with you & that you should today be adversaries to me?	David uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Abishai. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nothing in common with you, you sons of Zeruiah! You have no good reason to become my adversaries today.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1065	19:22	s4fe	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will any man be put to death today in Israel? For do I not know that today I am king over Israel?	David uses these rhetorical questions to continue rebuking Abishai. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “No person will be executed today in the nation of Israel, because today I am the one who is king over all of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1066	19:22	f3ky	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Will any man be put to death	This phrase “put to death” means to be killed or executed. Alternate translation: “Will any man be killed” or “Will I order any man to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1067	19:22	t2u7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	For do I not know that today I am king over Israel?	Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are: (1) “I know that I am still king of Israel.” or (2) “Today I am the one who is king over Israel!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1068	19:24	kg79	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mephibosheth	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 4:4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1069	19:24	sc2i		He had not dressed his feet	“He had not cared for his feet.” Mephibosheth’s feet were crippled. This phrase means that he had not taken proper care of his feet.
1070	19:25	zrh9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Why did you not go with me, Mephibosheth?	David is asking Mephibosheth why he did not go with David when David and all the people who followed him left Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Why did you not go with me when I left Jerusalem, Mephibosheth?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1071	19:27	vh2u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ziba	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 9:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1072	19:27	bk18	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	my master the king is like an angel of God	Here David’s wisdom is compared to the wisdom of an angel. Alternate translation: “my master the king is as wise as an angel of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1073	19:27	jn77	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	do what is good in your eyes	This means to do what you think is right. Alternate translation: “do what you believe to be the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1074	19:28	rll4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	all my father’s house were dead men before my master the king	Mephibosheth speaks of how his relatives had deserved to be executed as if they had already been executed and were dead. Alternate translation: “all my father’s house deserved for my master the king to order them to be executed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1075	19:28	ww9q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my father’s house	This refers to his father’s relatives. Alternate translation: “my father’s relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1076	19:28	fa5b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What right therefore have I that I should still cry any more to the king?	Mephibosheth uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he has no right to request anything from the king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Therefore, I have no right to ask the king to do anything else for me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1077	19:29	wt65	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why explain anything further?	David uses this rhetorical question to tell him that he does not need to continue talking about his conflict with Ziba. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to explain this any further.” or “You certainly do not need to say any more.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1078	19:31	yk1p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Barzillai	See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 17:27. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1079	19:31	zak8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gileadite	See how you translated the name of this people group in 2 Samuel 17:27. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1080	19:31	w1ce	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Rogelim	See how you translated the name of this place in 2 Samuel 17:27. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1081	19:31	g56k		the Jordan	the Jordan River
1082	19:32	ffn7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mahanaim	See how you translated the name of this place in 2 Samuel 17:27. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1083	19:32	cj9q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	eighty years old	“80 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1084	19:32	a2k7		had furnished the king with provisions	Alternate translation: “had provided what the king needed”
1085	19:34	y2r5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How many days are left in the years of my life, that I should go up with the king to Jerusalem?	Here Barzillai means that he is old and that there is no reason for him to accompany David. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am certainly not going to live many more years. There is no good reason for me to go up with the king to Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1086	19:35	sy7w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	eighty years old	“80 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1087	19:35	n8fn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Can I distinguish between good and bad?	Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. Here “good” and “bad” refer to what is desirable and what is not. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot distinguish between what is desirable and what is not.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1088	19:35	d6qd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Can your servant taste what I eat or what I drink?	Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot enjoy the taste of what I eat and drink.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1089	19:35	dgv2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women?	Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot hear well the voices of singing men and singing women.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1090	19:35	f2zi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why then should your servant be a burden to my master the king?	Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not want to be a burden to the king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your servant should not go with you and be a burden to you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1091	19:36	x8m1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why should the king repay me with such a reward?	Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not know why the king would reward him this way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not know why the king would repay me with such a great reward” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1092	19:37	tj5t		General Information:	General Information: Barzillai asks that Kimham be allowed to take his place instead with David.
1093	19:37	lt2a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kimham	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1094	19:37	wef7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	by the grave of my father and my mother	This does not mean that he wants to die right next to their graves, but rather, that he wants to die in the city where they are buried. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “where my father’s and my mother’s graves are” or “where my father and my mother are buried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1095	19:37	sn5r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	Let him cross over	This refers to crossing the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “Let him cross over the Jordan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1096	19:38	sm6q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Kimham will go over with me	This refers to crossing the Jordan River. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Kimham will cross the river with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1097	19:40	v221	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	crossed over to Gilgal	They crossed over the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “crossed over the river to Gilgal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1098	19:40	hzp4		Kimham	See how you translated this name in 2 Samuel 19:37.
1099	19:40	jw3n		All the army of Judah brought the king over, and also half the army of Israel	Alternate translation: “All the army of Judah and half the army of Israel brought the king over”
1100	19:40	t9rb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	brought the king over	They crossed over the Jordan River with the king. Alternate translation: “escorted the king over the river” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1101	19:41	sbd9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why have our brothers, the men of Judah & and all David’s men with him?	The men of Israel use this question to express that they feel betrayed by the people of Judah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is not right that our brothers, the men of Judah, who did not support you as king, had the privilege of bringing you and your family back across the Jordan River.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1102	19:41	r7ae	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	stolen you away	The men of Israel speak of how the men of Judah escorted the king across the river as if the king were something they stole that did not belong to them. Alternate translation: “taken you away from us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1103	19:41	hgi3		the Jordan	the Jordan River
1104	19:42	nu1g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why then are you angry about this?	The men of Judah ask this rhetorical question to rebuke the men of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “But you have no reason to be upset about this.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1105	19:42	u3wj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Have we eaten anything that the king had to pay for? Has he given us any gifts?	The men of Judah ask the question to express that they have not taken anything from the king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The king has never paid for our food, and he has never given us any gifts.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1106	19:43	nbt3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	we have even more right to David than you	“we have a greater claim to David than you do.” It may be helpful to state clearly what having “more right” means. Alternate translation: “we have more right to serve the king and to be with the king than you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1107	19:43	vc2s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why then did you despise us?	The men of Israel ask this rhetorical question to express their anger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised us!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1108	19:43	vlb7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Was not our proposal to bring back our king the first to be heard?	The men of Israel ask this question to remind and rebuke the people of Judah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We were the first to suggest that we bring back the king!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1109	19:43	el5k		the words of the men of Judah were even more harsh than the words of the men of Israel	Alternate translation: “the men of Judah spoke even more harshly than the men of Israel did”
1110	20:intro	abck			2 Samuel 20 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Sheba’s revolt A man named Sheba told the people of the ten tribes that David was Judah’s king, but not their king. David worked hard to preserve unity in Israel after this time of division. Important figures of speech in this chapter Idiom Joab used an idiom “has lifted up his hand against the king, against David” meaning “revolted against David,” to explain why his army was attacking the city of Able. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1111	20:1	fz8c		to be at the same place	This refers to the town of Gilgal.
1112	20:1	a6ci	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Sheba & Bikri	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1113	20:1	l45i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	We have no part in David, neither have we any inheritance in the son of Jesse	Both of these statements mean the same thing. Sheba is emphasizing that he and the tribes of Israel have no relationship with David. Alternate translation: “The inheritance of David and his father’s family does not belong to us” or “We are not a part of David and his father’s family” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1114	20:3	j97w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to keep the palace	Here the phrase “to keep” means to take care of. Alternate translation: “to take care of the palace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1115	20:3	e4kn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in a house under guard	If a house is “under guard” it means that a guard is posted at the house. Alternate translation: “in a house and put a guard there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1116	20:3	ymh8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	he did not lie with them	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he did not have sexual relations with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1117	20:3	b16i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	they were shut up	This means that they were not allowed to leave the house. Alternate translation: “they were shut inside the house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1118	20:3	p4su		widows	These are women whose husbands have died.
1119	20:4	zm4y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Amasa	This is the commander of David’s army. See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 17:25. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1120	20:6	ai94	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abishai	This is another commander of David’s army. See how you translated his name in 2 Samuel 2:18. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1121	20:6	qm7j		do us more harm	Alternate translation: “hurt us more”
1122	20:6	gm22		your master’s servants, my soldiers	The phrase “my soldiers” clarifies which “servants.” David refers to himself as “your master” as a formal way of speaking to someone with less authority.
1123	20:6	q3jp		pursue after	Alternate translation: “chase after”
1124	20:6	g2i6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he will find fortified cities	This means that Sheba and his men will enter these cities to hide from David’s army. The word “he” represents Sheba but refers to both him and his men. Alternate translation: “he and his men will hide in fortified cities” or “he and his men will take refuge in fortified cities” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1125	20:6	lm43	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	out of our sight	Here David refers to his army by their sight to emphasize that Sheba and his men would be hidden and David’s army would be unable to capture them. Alternate translation: “from us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1126	20:7	x1ai	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kerethites & Pelethites	These are the names of people groups who helped to protect King David. See how you translated this man’s name in 2 Samuel 8:18. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1127	20:8	kyh2		When they were	Alternate translation: “When Joab and the men of Judah were”
1128	20:8	g899		belt	a strip of leather or other material used to hold clothing or weapons in place
1129	20:8	gg8n		sheathed sword	This means the sword was in its protective covering.
1130	20:8	mw2c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the sword fell out	Joab let the sword fall out to fool Amasa into thinking that he Joab was unarmed, so that Amasa would allow him to walk closer to him. Alternate translation: “he allowed the sword to fall on the ground so Amasa would think he was unarmed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1131	20:9	cca2		my cousin	Amasa was the son of the sister of Joab’s mother.
1132	20:9	yw2u		took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him	This was a common way for men to greet one another.
1133	20:10	e612		dagger	a short sword that is easy to hide and was often used for close-in fighting and assassinations
1134	20:10	pd2k		bowels spilled	Alternate translation: “intestines spilled”
1135	20:11	m94g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	he who is for David	To be “for” someone means to support them. Alternate translation: “he who supports David” or “he who is loyal to David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1136	20:12	dp5t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Amasa lay wallowing in his blood	“Amasa lay squirming in his blood.” Amasa may have still been alive and rolling in his blood, but he was probably dead by this time. It is described this way to show how gruesome his body looked. Alternate translation: “Amasa lay dead in his blood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1137	20:12	r75k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	all the people stood still & came by him stood still	This means they stopped walking and were staring at Amasa’s dead body. Alternate translation: “all the people stood still staring at the dead body … came by him stood still, staring at his dead body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1138	20:12	rgl8		he carried Amasa	Alternate translation: “he carried Amasa’s body”
1139	20:13	y3pd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	After Amasa was taken off the road	This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “After the man took Amasa off the road” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1140	20:13	x48e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	in pursuit of	This abstract noun can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “pursuing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1141	20:14	ppx4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Sheba passed through	Here “Sheba” refers to both him and his army. Alternate translation: “Sheba and his army” or “Sheba and his men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1142	20:14	b6n5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abel Beth Maacah	Both Abel and Beth Maacah names refer to the same place and may be combined. It is a city near the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1143	20:14	k4pw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	of the Bikrites	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1144	20:14	ig39		also pursued Sheba	Alternate translation: “also followed Sheba”
1145	20:15	u7dg		They caught up with him	Alternate translation: “Joab and the soldiers caught up with him”
1146	20:15	t6t2		against the city against the wall	Alternate translation: “against the city wall”
1147	20:15	n7h9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	battered the wall to knock it down	This means that they used a battering ram to knock down the wall. A battering ram was a cut tree or large log with a sharpened end or an end covered in metal. It was held by several men who would pound the end against a wall. Alternate translation: “used a battering ram to knock down the wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1148	20:16	k1s4		Listen, please listen	The repetition of “Listen” strengthens the woman’s plea.
1149	20:17	a5x5		Listen to the words of your servant	The woman refers to herself as “your servant.” This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority.
1150	20:18	xv3v		that advice would end the matter	Alternate translation: “that advice would solve the problem”
1151	20:19	l2yb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	most peaceful and faithful in Israel	This describes the cities. Alternate translation: “most peaceful and faithful cities in Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1152	20:19	vb6k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	city that is a mother in Israel	This speaks of the importance of this city among the nation of Israel as if it were a well respected mother. Alternate translation: “city that everyone in Israel respects like they would their mother” or “city that is very important and that Israel respects” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1153	20:19	f7wf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why do you want to swallow up the inheritance of Yahweh?	Here the woman uses a rhetorical question to suggest to Joab what they should not do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not destroy the city that is Yahweh’s inheritance!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1154	20:19	h83g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	swallow up	Here the woman speaks of the army destroying the city as if the city were food to be swallowed. Alternate translation: “destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1155	20:19	v31s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the inheritance of Yahweh	Here the city is referred to as Yahweh’s inheritance to emphasize that it belongs to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a city that belongs to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1156	20:20	kn3j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Far be it, far be it from me, that I should	He repeats this phrase to emphasize that this is something he would never do. Alternate translation: “Truly, truly, I would never” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1157	20:20	u14u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	that I should swallow up or destroy	This refers to destroying the city. This may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that I should swallow up or destroy your city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1158	20:20	lh3j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	swallow up or destroy	Both of these phrases means to destroy. In the first phrase “destroying” is spoken of as if it were “swallowing.” These may be combined. Alternate translation: “ruin or destroy the city” or “destroy” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1159	20:21	bq5h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	has lifted up his hand against	This means to rebel and fight against someone. Alternate translation: “has opposed” or “is rebelling against” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1160	20:21	vu8h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Give up him alone	Joab is asking for the people of the city to release Sheba to him. Alternate translation: “Hand this man over to us” or “Give this man to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1161	20:21	rt99	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	I will withdraw from the city	Here the “I” refers to both Joab and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “We will withdraw from the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1162	20:21	tda3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	His head will be thrown	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We will throw his head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1163	20:22	p855	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Then the woman went to all the people in her wisdom	This means that the woman acted wisely and spoke to her people about what they should do. Alternate translation: “Then the wise woman spoke to all the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1164	20:22	l63y		every man to his home	Alternate translation: “every man went to his own home”
1165	20:23	ail7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	“Now” marks a break in the main story line. This new section gives background information about the men who served King David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1166	20:23	bu9z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Joab was over & Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over	The phrase “was over” refers to having authority over a group of people. Alternate translation: “Joab had authority over … Benaiah son of Jehoiada had authority over” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1167	20:23	di2d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Benaiah & Jehoiada	Translate the names of these men the same as you did in 2 Samuel 8:18. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1168	20:23	s3i1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kerethites & Pelethites	Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in 2 Samuel 8:18. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1169	20:24	hw6f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Adoniram was over	The phrase “was over” refers to having authority over a group of people. Alternate translation: “Adoniram had authority over” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1170	20:24	qv95	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Adoniram	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1171	20:24	rx8x		the men who did forced labor	Alternate translation: “the slave workers”
1172	20:24	hbx2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jehoshaphat & Ahilud	Translate the names of these men the same as you did in 2 Samuel 8:16. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1173	20:25	pjz3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Sheva	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1174	20:26	w67i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ira	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1175	20:26	qk9a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jairite	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1176	21:intro	abcl			2 Samuel 21 General Notes Structure and formatting Special concepts in this chapter Famine caused by a broken oath When Israel first conquered the land, they promised not to kill the people of Gibeon. When Saul tried to kill them all, God caused a famine in Israel. David made amends with the people of Gideon and the famine ended. David also kept his vow to Jonathan’s sons. This helps to show the wisdom of king David. Although these people were not Israelites, they believed in Yahweh. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) Wisdom, grace and justice David is seen to have many great qualities in this chapter. These were qualities important for a king of Israel: wisdom, grace and justice. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
1177	21:1	yc9z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	sought the face of Yahweh	Here “face” is a synecdoche for Yahweh’s presence. This means David prayed to Yahweh for an answer about the famine. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1178	21:1	f1fs		because of Saul and his murderous family	Saul had killed many Gibeonites, and Saul’s descendants are guilty because of this sin.
1179	21:2	j82w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	Here “Now” marks a break in the main story line. This gives background information about the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1180	21:3	r66c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	What should I do for you? How can I make atonement & promises?	These two sentences have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “What can I do to remove this sin, so that you may bless the people of Yahweh, who inherit his goodness and promises?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1181	21:4	xp8q		It is not a matter of silver or gold	Alternate translation: “Money will not solve the problem”
1182	21:5	tq7e		who schemed against us	Alternate translation: “who made plans against us”
1183	21:6	hce6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	let seven men from his descendants be handed over to us	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “allow your men to give seven of his descendants to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1184	21:6	ac94		we will hang them	Alternate translation: “we will execute them by hanging”
1185	21:6	gb8q		in Gibeah of Saul	Saul was from the town of Gibeah.
1186	21:6	s77u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the one chosen by Yahweh	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one whom Yahweh chose” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1187	21:7	u686		Mephibosheth	Mephibosheth was the son of Jonathan. See how you translated his name in 2 Samuel 4:4.
1188	21:8	nz4w		Rizpah & Aiah	Rizpah was a woman and her father was Aiah. See how you translated these names in 2 Samuel 3:7.
1189	21:8	vnv4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Armoni and Mephibosheth & Adriel & Barzillai	These are names of men. This is not the same Mephibosheth as the son of Jonathan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1190	21:8	ab2b		Merab	This is the name of a woman. See how you translated it in 2 Samuel 3:13.
1191	21:8	p5t5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Meholathite	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1192	21:9	ji6t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	He handed them over into the hands of the Gibeonites	Here “the hands of the Gibeonites” represents the Gibeonite people’s control. Alternate translation: “He gave them to the Gibeonites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1193	21:9	uyb2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	They were put to death	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Gibeonites put them to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1194	21:10	vaz5		Rizpah & Aiah	Rizpah was a woman and her father was Aiah. See how you translated these names in 2 Samuel 3:7.
1195	21:11	hs9e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	It was told to David	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1196	21:12	z1rv		Jabesh Gilead	Jabesh is a town in the region of Gilead. See how you translated this in 2 Samuel 2:4.
1197	21:12	vw7s		the public square	This is an area near the city gate where people did various kinds of business.
1198	21:12	nd8d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beth Shan	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1199	21:12	ku3i		Gilboa	See how you translated the name of this place in 2 Samuel 1:6.
1200	21:13	n7ji	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who had been hanged	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the Gibeonites executed by hanging” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1201	21:14	ai2f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zela	This is the name of a town in Benjamin. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1202	21:14	bga5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kish	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1203	21:14	kw3r		his father	Alternate translation: “Saul’s father”
1204	21:16	d7sb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ishbi-Benob	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1205	21:16	b31k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight	three hundred shekels	“300 shekels.” This is about 3.4 kilograms. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1206	21:17	e49h		Abishai son of Zeruiah	Abishai and Zeruiah are names of men. See how you translated these names in 2 Samuel 2:18.
1207	21:17	d893	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you do not put out the lamp of Israel	The “lamp of Israel” is a metaphor that refers to David’s leadership and the idea that if David were to die, the people of Israel would have no clear direction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1208	21:18	i8h8		It came about after this that	This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1209	21:18	ei1h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gob	This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1210	21:18	zih5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Sibbekai & Saph	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1211	21:18	zz7e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hushathite & Rephaim	These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1212	21:18	g7p1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Rephaim	This people group was known for its giant warriors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1213	21:19	pv8s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite	Some versions translate this as “Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed the brother of Goliath the Gittite.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
1214	21:19	xl44	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Elhanan son of Jair & Goliath	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1215	21:19	x5yp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bethlehemite & Gittite	These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1216	21:19	b7w9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	whose spear was like a weaver’s beam	When a person was weaving a cloth he would run the threads through hooks attached to large sticks called a “weaver’s beam.” This means Goliath’s spear was larger than a normal spear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1217	21:20	nqr4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty-four in number	“24 fingers and toes altogether” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1218	21:20	cka4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Rephaim	This people group was known for its giant warriors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1219	21:21	j56u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jonathan son of Shimeah	These are names of men. Shimeah was David’s brother. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1220	21:22	mqg8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers	Here “by the hand of” means “through” or “by.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1221	22:intro	abcm			2 Samuel 22 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 22:2-51. Special concepts in this chapter God rescued David God rescued David when he thought he would die. He protected David, fought against his enemies, and enabled him to defeat his enemies. Important figures of speech in this chapter Metaphor David uses many metaphors to express his trust in God’s protection: “my rock, my fortress, my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold and my refuge.” He used other metaphors to express his hopelessness: “the waves of death surrounded me,” “the rushing waters of worthlessness overwhelmed me,” “the cords of sheol surrounded me;” “the snares of death trapped me,” and “the surging water.” He also used metaphors for the victory God gave him: “I can run over a barricade” and “by my God I can leap over a wall.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
1222	22:1	vx4y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	General Information:	General Information: David’s song to Yahweh starts. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1223	22:1	sh9l		out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul	This is a progression from enemies in general to one specific enemy of David, King Saul.
1224	22:1	gzu9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	out of the hand of	This metonym means “out of the power of.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1225	22:2	t5y8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh is my rock, my fortress	This metaphor shows a progression from a part, “rock,” to the whole, “fortress.” A fortress is built of many large rocks. This means Yahweh has the strength to protect his people from harm. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1226	22:3	h8pd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God is my rock & He is my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold	All of these metaphors are symbols of God’s strength and power. They emphasize God’s ability to protect and save his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1227	22:4	v4up	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who is worthy to be praised	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who is worthy to receive praise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1228	22:4	p1jc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	I will be saved from my enemies	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will save me from my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1229	22:5	xvj7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	For the waves of death surrounded me, the rushing waters of destruction overwhelmed me	David compares the wicked men who wanted to kill him to flood waters that are about to drown him. These sentences have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1230	22:5	p6bv		the rushing waters of destruction	This is a picture of fast-flowing flood waters that destroy everything in their path.
1231	22:6	d6ka	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The cords of Sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me	David speaks about death and Sheol as if they are people who are trying to trap him as a hunter traps an animal. These phrases have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1232	22:7	m7xw		In my distress	Alternate translation: “In my great trouble”
1233	22:7	dv16		he heard my voice from his temple	David is referring to the heavenly temple where Yahweh dwells. The earthly temple has not yet been built.
1234	22:7	v2zx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my call for help went into his ears	Here the metonym “his ears” refers to Yahweh and his hearing of David’s call for help. Alternate translation: “he heard my prayer for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1235	22:7	w8ts	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	his ears	David speaks of Yahweh as if he had ears. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1236	22:8	ai6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Then the earth shook	This is Yahweh’s response to David’s cry for help from his enemies (1 Samuel 22:7). David uses the imagery of the earth shaking to emphasize Yahweh’s terrible anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1237	22:8	gxt8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	earth shook & heavens trembled	David speaks of the two extremes to include everything in creation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1238	22:8	x6xl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	and were shaken, because God was angry	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because God’s anger shook them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1239	22:9	qf19	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	were ignited by it	This is Yahweh’s response to David’s cry for help from his enemies (1 Samuel 22:7). David uses the imagery of fire coming from Yahweh to emphasize Yahweh’s terrible anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1240	22:9	c8xq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	his nostrils & his mouth	David speaks of Yahweh as if he had these humans parts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1241	22:9	cq54	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Coals were ignited by it	Here Yahweh’s anger is compared to fire, which causes coals to ignite and burn. Alternate translation: “The flame from his mouth set coals on fire” or “He also sent burning coals from his mouth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1242	22:10	f5ym	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He opened the heavens	David describes Yahweh’s way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God’s power and his anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1243	22:10	pg86	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	under his feet	David speaks of God as having feet like humans. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1244	22:11	r4l7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	He was seen on the wings of the wind	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “He appeared on the wings of the wind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1245	22:11	gmc9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the wings of the wind	This expression speaks of the wind as if it were a bird. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1246	22:12	mit5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	rain clouds in the skies	David describes Yahweh’s way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God’s power and his anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1247	22:12	ee39	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He made darkness a tent around him	Here the darkness Yahweh creates is compared to a tent which hides him completely. Alternate translation: “He hid himself in the darkness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1248	22:13	t957		From the lightning before him coals of fire fell	This could mean: (1) “Out of his bright light he sent burning coals” or (2) “From his brightness he sent lightning”
1249	22:13	g4lk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	From the lightning before him	David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God’s power and anger towards David’s enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1250	22:14	d4ht	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The Most High shouted.	David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1251	22:15	h783	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	He shot arrows	David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1252	22:15	i235	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He shot arrows & lightning bolts	David compares the lightning from Yahweh’s storm to arrows that a soldier would use. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1253	22:15	rg2n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	lightning bolts and dispersed them	David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God’s power and anger towards David’s enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1254	22:16	za11	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Then the channels of the sea were seen & breath of his nostrils	When Yahweh shouted in his attack against David’s enemies, it is compared to his power to create upheaval in the deepest parts of the ocean and the earth. This shows his great power and fierce anger. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1255	22:16	dcq2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the channels of the sea were seen	This means that the sea water moved and the ocean floor was visible. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People could see the channels of the sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1256	22:16	it2c		the channels of the sea	the deepest part of the sea, from which the Hebrews believed was where the water in the sea came
1257	22:16	kcr5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the foundations of the world were laid bare at the rebuke of Yahweh, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils	David compares Yahweh’s anger to turbulent movements of the ground. “If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s rebuke, the breath of his nostrils, laid bare the foundations of the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1258	22:17	kw87	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	out of the surging water	David compares his enemies to a flood that threatens to drown him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1259	22:18	lg3q		He rescued me from my strong enemy	David’s enemies were overwhelming. He praises God for delivering him from all his enemies.
1260	22:19	zv1u		They came against me on the day of my distress	Alternate translation: “My enemies fought against me when I was in great trouble”
1261	22:19	nty3		the day of my distress	Alternate translation: “the time of my distress”
1262	22:19	v9h4		but Yahweh was my support	Alternate translation: “but Yahweh supported me” or “but Yahweh helped me”
1263	22:20	yh2u		a wide open place	This refers to a place where there was no danger and his enemies could not trap him.
1264	22:21	en85	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to the measure of the cleanness of my hands	Here “cleanness of my hands” means the same as “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “because I obey his commands” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1265	22:22	s787		I have kept the ways of Yahweh	Here “the ways of Yahweh” refers to how Yahweh wants his people to act. This means David has done what Yahweh commands.
1266	22:23	ze3e		have been before me	This means David constantly reads and thinks about God’s decrees.
1267	22:24	j1e5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I have kept myself from sin	This refers to choosing not to sin against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1268	22:25	qdu9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to the degree of my cleanness in his sight	Here “my cleanness” means the same as “my righteousness.” Alternate translation: “because he knows that I have done what he commands” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1269	22:27	b64p		you are perverse to the twisted	Here “perverse” means to be cunning or crafty, and “twisted” means to turn away from what is good and right. This means God is wise in how he deals with wicked people.
1270	22:28	yma2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	your eyes are against the proud	Here the metonym “your eyes” refers to what Yahweh sees. This means Yahweh watches the proud person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1271	22:28	b16y		you bring them down	Alternate translation: “you destroy their pride”
1272	22:29	h2zr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you are my lamp, Yahweh. Yahweh lights up my darkness	This metaphor compares Yahweh to a lamp, which means he gives David light and helps him to see when things seem hopeless. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1273	22:30	l2yd		I can run over a barricade	Here “barricade” may refer to a group of soldiers or to a stone wall. Either way it means God enables David to defeat his enemies.
1274	22:30	ul6k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	I can leap over a wall	David is exaggerating to emphasize Yahweh’s help. Alternate translation: “I can climb over the wall that surrounds their city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1275	22:31	gj1g		The word of Yahweh is pure	Alternate translation: “Everything Yahweh says is true”
1276	22:31	udr8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	He is a shield	The metaphor “a shield” emphasizes God’s power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1277	22:32	p5ua	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	For who is God except Yahweh, and who is a rock except our God?	David uses this question to emphasize that there is no God apart from Yahweh. These may be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Yahweh alone is God. Our God alone is a rock.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1278	22:32	d37f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	who is a rock	David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his strength and ability to protect his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1279	22:33	c5tv		he leads the blameless person on his path	Yahweh keeps the blameless person safe and removes anything that may harm him.
1280	22:34	wm3b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	He makes my feet swift like a deer and places me on the high hills	Here David’s feet are compared to those of a deer using exaggeration. Yahweh gives David the strength to move quickly and provides secure places for protection and rest. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1281	22:35	n5gz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my hands & and my arms	Both of these refer to David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1282	22:35	p7ie		to bend a bow of bronze	Only a very strong man could use a bow made from metal.
1283	22:36	ly9s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the shield of your salvation	David compares Yahweh’s power to save him to a shield that protects a soldier from his enemy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1284	22:36	ae4t		your favor	God answered David’s prayers and granted him blessings and success over his enemies.
1285	22:37	p573	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	You have made a wide place for my feet beneath me	Yahweh has put David in a safe place where his enemies cannot trap him. Here he refers to himself by his “feet” to emphasize his ability to stand securely. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1286	22:38	w4kt		pursued my enemies	Alternate translation: “chased my enemies”
1287	22:39	ax1n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I devoured them and smashed them	Here David compares himself to a wild animal. Alternate translation: “I completely destroyed them like a wild animal devouring its prey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1288	22:39	e2qk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	under my feet	Here “feet” refers to the power and control of victory over his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1289	22:40	k5cg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	You put strength on me like a belt for battle	Here the strength that Yahweh gives is compared to a belt for battle that allowed David to do mighty things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1290	22:40	ea24		you put under me those who rise up against me	Alternate translation: “you helped me defeat those who fought against me”
1291	22:41	p97v		the back of my enemies’ necks	This could mean: (1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or (2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemy’s neck after he defeats him.
1292	22:41	ip4h		I annihilated	Alternate translation: “I completely destroyed”
1293	22:42	h32w		They cried	Alternate translation: “My enemies cried”
1294	22:42	c9qg		they cried out to Yahweh, but he did not answer them	The time for Yahweh’s judgment had come upon them.
1295	22:43	fum1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like dust on the ground & like mud in the streets	This means that David completely destroyed his enemies. These two phrases “like dust on the ground” and “like mud on the streets” have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1296	22:44	th42		from the disputes of my own people	This refers to those among the Israelites who rebelled against King David.
1297	22:44	tjl8		You have kept me as the head of nations	“You placed me as ruler over the nations.” Here “nations” refers to other nations besides Israel.
1298	22:44	p5i2		A people that I have not known	Alternate translation: “A foreign people”
1299	22:45	t5y6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Foreigners were forced to bow to me	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Foreigners bowed down to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1300	22:47	u5bd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	May my rock be praised. May God be exalted	These sentences have similar meaning and are used for emphasis. These may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May everyone praise my rock. May everyone exalt God” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1301	22:47	xr9u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my rock & the rock	David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1302	22:48	z1qb		the one who brings down peoples under me	Alternate translation: “the one who puts the people of other nations under my rule”
1303	22:49	iu4b		you lifted me up above those who rose up against me	Alternate translation: “you saved me from my enemies and gave me honor”
1304	22:49	e1y3		from violent men	Alternate translation: “from those who want to harm me”
1305	22:50	r7zu		General Information:	General Information: David concludes his song to Yahweh.
1306	22:50	qk4d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to your name	Here the metonym “name” refers to Yahweh’s reputation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1307	22:51	fz6y		he shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one	Here David may be referring to the promises Yahweh made in 2 Samuel 7:8
1308	23:intro	abcn			2 Samuel 23 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:2-7. 2 Samuel 23:8-39 is a list of the famous people in David’s army along with some of the special deeds some of them did. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) Special concepts in this chapter Everlasting covenant This is a reference to the covenant God previously made with David. (See: 2 Samuel 7, [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]).
1309	23:1	jk1i		Now	This marks the beginning of a new section of the book.
1310	23:1	lw9i		these are the last words	This refers to what David will say in 2 Samuel 23:2-7.
1311	23:1	hvt1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the man who was highly honored, the one anointed by the God of Jacob	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man whom the God of Jacob highly honored and anointed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1312	23:1	y2lz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	anointed by the God of Jacob	Anointing was done by pouring oil on a person’s head. This was done to choose who would serve God as king or priest. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1313	23:1	khe9		psalmist	This is a person who writes psalms or songs.
1314	23:2	ey25		by me	by David
1315	23:2	r3yy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	and his word was on my tongue	Here “on my tongue” is a metonym for David speaking. Alternate translation: “he gave me a message to speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1316	23:3	c9yd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The God of Israel spoke, the Rock of Israel & me	Here the “God of Israel” is the same as the “Rock of Israel.” The two phrases say essentially the same thing. David compares God to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1317	23:3	w218	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The one who rules righteously over men, who rules in the fear of God	These two sentences both say that the king will respect God and do what God wants him to do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1318	23:3	a7ac		in the fear of God	Alternate translation: “respecting God”
1319	23:4	er3p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	He will be like the morning light & sunshine after rain	Here God is comparing the king to the morning light and sunshine after the rain. These are all ways of saying this king would be a delight to God and a blessing for the people. These two phrases have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “He will be a delight to all” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1320	23:5	hef3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Indeed, is my family not like this before God?	Here David is saying that he agrees with God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family is indeed like this before God!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1321	23:5	n1tt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Has he not made & way?	David acknowledges that God has made a covenant with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He has indeed made … way.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1322	23:5	gq5b		ordered and sure	This means God’s covenant is properly organized and will not change so David’s family can trust it.
1323	23:5	r8xz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Does he not increase my salvation & desire?	David believes that God will always help him and cause him to prosper. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He increases my salvation and gives me my every desire.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1324	23:6	abg3		General Information:	General Information: This concludes David’s last words.
1325	23:6	ic15	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	But the worthless will all be like thorns to be thrown away	Here the wicked person is compared to useless thorns. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the wicked person is worthless and dangerous like thorns we throw away” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1326	23:6	dgn8		because they cannot be gathered by one’s hands	Alternate translation: “because no one can pick them up with his hands without the thorns hurting him”
1327	23:7	api5		They must be burned up where they lie	“Where thorns are found, that is where they must be burned.” This means God will destroy wicked people.
1328	23:8	ck79	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jeshbaal	This is the name of a man. Other versions read Josheb Basshebeth, Jashobeam, Ishbaal, or Ishbosheth because various ancient copies have these variations. Translators may choose to say this in a footnote to their translation (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1329	23:8	pka9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hachmonite	This is the name of a people group. Alternate translation: “son of Hachmon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1330	23:8	vbh7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	eight hundred	“800” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1331	23:10	lw96	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The army returned after Eleazar	This means that the army returned after Eleazar returned from battle. Alternate translation: “The Israeli army returned to the battle field after Eleazer had already won the battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1332	23:10	jab4		only to strip the bodies	Alternate translation: “only to take what they wanted from the dead bodies of the enemies”
1333	23:11	kv12		a field of lentils	Alternate translation: “a field where someone had planted lentils”
1334	23:11	t6zi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	lentils	a flat seed, eaten like beans (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1335	23:11	dqs9		the army fled	Alternate translation: “the Israelite army ran away”
1336	23:13	jyy8		Three of the thirty	These are not the same three soldiers mentioned in 2 Samuel 23:8-12.
1337	23:13	de7l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	the thirty	“the 30” or “the thirty bravest Israelite soldiers.” The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1338	23:13	y5db	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	cave of Adullam	“cave near the town of Adullam.” Adullam is near Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1339	23:13	w9u8		Valley of Rephaim	This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in 2 Samuel 5:18.
1340	23:14	f68v		in his stronghold	Alternate translation: “in his protected place”
1341	23:14	pej4		the Philistines had established at Bethlehem	Alternate translation: “some Philistines soldiers were controlling the village of Bethlehem”
1342	23:16	r8yf		broke through the army	Alternate translation: “fought their way through the enemy army”
1343	23:17	nz91	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Should I drink the blood of men who have risked their lives?	David compares the water to blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Drinking this water would be like drinking the blood of those men who have risked their lives to bring it to me.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1344	23:18	jjf7		Abishai & Zeruiah	These are the names of men. Translate them as in 2 Samuel 2:18.
1345	23:18	xve2		captain over the three	This means Abishai was the leader of the three who went and got water for David.
1346	23:18	cs6f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	three hundred men	“300 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1347	23:18	gxa6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	He was often mentioned along with the three soldiers	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People often mentioned him when they spoke about the three bravest men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1348	23:19	ir5c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Was he not even more famous than the three?	This question is used to emphasize how famous he was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He was even more famous than the three.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1349	23:19	gph9		three most famous soldiers	This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah. Abishai was not as famous as these soldiers.
1350	23:20	l41w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kabzeel	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1351	23:20	g72h		Jehoiada	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in 2 Samuel 8:18.
1352	23:20	vqy6		Ariel	This is the name of a man.
1353	23:22	k95v		did these feats	Alternate translation: “did these mighty deeds”
1354	23:22	y87l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he was named alongside the three mighty men	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people praise him like they praised the three mighty men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1355	23:22	nbw7		three mighty men	This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah.
1356	23:23	b1df	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	He was more highly regarded than the thirty soldiers in general, but he was not regarded quite as highly as the three mighty men	“He was more famous than the other 30 soldiers except for the three best soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1357	23:23	l8t2		his bodyguard	a group of soldiers in charge of guarding David
1358	23:24	q89a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	General Information:	General Information: This is a list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1359	23:24	h79d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	The thirty	“The 30 very famous soldiers” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1360	23:37	ud59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	General Information:	General Information: This concludes the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1361	23:39	t6d8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	thirty-seven in all	“there were 37 total” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1362	24:intro	abco			2 Samuel 24 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Counting soldiers David ordered the leaders of his army to count how many men of fighting age there were. He was not supposed to do this because it showed he did not trust God. God was displeased and offered David three punishments. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
1363	24:1	c86d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the anger of Yahweh was ignited against Israel	The word “ignite” means start a fire. Here Yahweh’s anger is compared to that of a fire. Alternate translation: “the anger of Yahweh started to burn like a fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1364	24:1	dq6l		he moved David against them	Alternate translation: “he caused David to oppose them”
1365	24:1	x6eq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Go, count Israel and Judah	In the law of Moses, God prohibited the kings of Israel from taking a census of fighting men. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1366	24:2	u7bz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	Dan to Beersheba	This phrase uses two place names Dan, in the far north, and Beersheba, in the far south, to represent the entire country. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1367	24:2	fu4s		count all the people & fit for battle	This means to count all the men except those men who are either too young, too old, or physically unable to fight.
1368	24:3	qi23	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	multiply & hundred times	This means “produce 100 more people for every one person there is now.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1369	24:4	b9zy		the king’s word was final against Joab	Joab and the other commanders of King David’s army were not able to convince David to not take a census.
1370	24:4	c8cv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the king’s word	This phrase represents the king’s command to them. Alternate translation: “what the king had commanded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1371	24:5	h1bw		They crossed	Alternate translation: “Joab and the commanders of the army crossed”
1372	24:5	pt7b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Aroer	This was a city on the northern edge of the Arnon River. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1373	24:5	zpx8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jazer	This is a town in Gad. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1374	24:6	wc3c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tahtim Hodshi	This may refer to the town of Kadesh in the land of the Hittite people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1375	24:8	db36		they had gone	Alternate translation: “Joab and the commanders had gone”
1376	24:8	i1gd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	nine months and twenty days	“9 months and 20 days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1377	24:9	qq68		Then Joab reported the total of the count of the fighting men to the king	Alternate translation: “Then Joab told the king the total number of men ready for battle”
1378	24:9	b91x		in Israel	This refers to the northern tribes of Israel.
1379	24:9	k78w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	800,000 & 500,000	“eight hundred thousand … five hundred thousand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1380	24:9	t1ix	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	who drew the sword	This metonym refers to the men who were ready to fight in the army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1381	24:9	e4ft		of Judah	This refers to the southern tribe of Judah.
1382	24:10	cb8t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	David’s heart afflicted him	The “heart” here is a metonym for David’s emotions and conscience. Alternate translation: “David felt guilty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1383	24:10	bvb3		Now, Yahweh, take away your servant’s guilt	David refers to himself as “your servant.” This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority.
1384	24:11	h1gv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to the prophet Gad, David’s seer, saying,	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this idiom in 2 Samuel 7:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to the prophet Gad, David’s seer. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to the prophet Gad, David’s seer:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1385	24:11	a4ac		David’s seer	This means Gad was the official prophet in the royal palace.
1386	24:14	q8an		I am in deep trouble	Alternate translation: “I am in terrible trouble”
1387	24:14	d6ux	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Let us fall into Yahweh’s hands rather than into the hand of man	Here “hands” refer to power or control. Alternate translation: “Let Yahweh and not people punish us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1388	24:15	jgc8		a fixed time	This is the time God decided he would stop the plague.
1389	24:15	s22f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	seventy thousand	“70,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1390	24:15	gt1z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	from Dan to Beersheba	Here mentioning the city of Dan in the extreme north and the city Beersheba in the extreme south means the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1391	24:16	tl5x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the angel reached out with his hand toward Jerusalem to destroy it	Here the metonym “hand” stands for the angel’s power. Alternate translation: “the angel was about to destroy the people in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1392	24:16	ap2v		Yahweh changed his mind because of the harm	This means that Yahweh stopped the evil that he was allowing the angel to do. Alternate translation: “Yahweh felt grieved about the harm”
1393	24:16	x95i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Now draw back your hand	The metonym “hand” stands for the angel’s power. Alternate translation: “Do not harm them any longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1394	24:16	y4es	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Araunah	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1395	24:16	ug3p		the threshing floor	A threshing floor was a hard, flat surface where edible grain was separated from chaff.
1396	24:17	c2r6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	I have sinned, and I have acted perversely	These phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I have sinned terribly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1397	24:17	b9vn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	But these sheep, what have they done?	David uses a question and compares the people to sheep to emphasize that they have done nothing wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “These ordinary people have done nothing wrong.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1398	24:17	e2dt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Please let your hand punish me	Here the metonym “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “Please punish me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1399	24:20	q15a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	bowed to the king with his face to the ground	He was showing deep respect and honor to the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1400	24:21	r7k9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	so that the plague may be removed from the people	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh will remove this plague from the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1401	24:22	bwm7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	what is good in your sight	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what you think is good” or “what is good in your judgement” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1402	24:22	p54x		threshing sledges	heavy boards used to separate grain from the rest of the wheat plant
1403	24:24	m1m6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	I will not offer & anything that costs me nothing	This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “I will only offer … something that I have paid for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1404	24:24	w2n6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	fifty shekels	“50 shekels.” A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
1405	24:25	xl51	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	on behalf of the land	Here the metonym “land” stands for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “on behalf of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1406	24:25	lp9s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the plague on Israel was confined	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God confined the plague that had been on Israel” or “God took the plague away from Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

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Introduction to 2 Samuel

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of 2 Samuel

What is the Book of 2 Samuel about?

How should the title of this book be translated?

What was the purpose of the Book of 2 Samuel?

Who wrote the Book of 2 Samuel?

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

What covenant had its beginning in the Book of 2 Samuel?

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

Why does the book refer to someone being addressed indirectly?

Can I translate this book before 1 Samuel?

How is the name “Israel” used in the Bible?

2 Samuel 1 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

David’s funeral song

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Synecdoche

General Information:

2 Samuel 2 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Civil war

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical question

General Information:

2 Samuel 3 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

2 Samuel 4 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

David and Ishbosheth

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

General Information:

General Information:

2 Samuel 5 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

David conquers Jerusalem

David consulting God

General Information:

2 Samuel 6 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Bringing the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem

Dancing

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Irony

General Information:

2 Samuel 7 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Covenant of David

General Information:

General Information:

2 Samuel 8 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

God enabled victory

2 Samuel 9 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

David’s vow

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical question and metaphor

2 Samuel 10 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Shame

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metaphor

General Information:

2 Samuel 11 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

David’s adultery and the murder of Uriah

2 Samuel 12 General Notes

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