en_tn/tn_JDG.tsv at v67

296 KiB

Raw Permalink Blame History

1	Reference	ID	SupportReference	Quote	Note
2	front:intro	v8pn			Introduction to Judges Part 1: General Introduction Outline of Judges History of the judges of Israel (1:1–16:31) Introduction (1:1-3:6) Othniel, Ehud, and Shamgar (3:7–31) Deborah and Barak (4:1–5:31) Gideon (6:1–8:35) Abimelech, Tola, and Jair (9:1–10:5) Jephthah (10:6-12:7) Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (12:8-15) Samson (13:1–16:31) The account of Micah and his idols (17:1–18:31) The account of Gibeah; the other Israelites take revenge (19:1–21:25) What is the Book of Judges about? The Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in the Promised Land. The events in this book happened over a period of about 150 years. This book describes how the Israelites repeatedly sinned against Yahweh during this time. They worshiped false gods and did the same wicked things as the peoples who lived around them. Therefore, God would allow enemies to defeat and oppress the Israelites. Eventually, the Israelites would call to Yahweh for help. Yahweh would then cause someone to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. This person was called a “judge.” The Israelites would live in peace until the judge died. After that judge died, the Israelites would start sinning again. So this pattern of events would repeat. How should the title of this book be translated? This book traditionally has the title “Judges” because it gives accounts of some of the main leaders or judges in Israel before there were any kings over the people. Unless there are good reasons for following the title in other Bible versions, the translator should probably use the title “Judges” or a title such as “The Book about the Leaders in Israel.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts What kind of leaders were the judges? These were men and women whom God chose to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. After defeating their enemies, these leaders usually continued to help the people by deciding disputes among them. They also helped them make important decisions. Many of these leaders served all the people of Israel, but some of these leaders may have served only certain tribes. What kind of society was Israel during the time of the judges? During this time, the twelve tribes of Israel were independent of one another. They were not a unified nation with one ruler. The tribes would sometimes help each other when enemies were threatening them. These tribes were descended from the same ancestors: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. They shared in the same covenant with Yahweh. What spiritual struggles did Israel experience during the time of the judges? During this time, Israel struggled to remain faithful to Yahweh. The best judges encouraged Israel to be faithful to him, but some of the judges failed to do so. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) Part 3: Important Translation Issues What is the meaning of the phrase “in those days there was no king in Israel, and everyone did what was right in his own eyes”? This phrase occurs twice in the book of Judges. Shorter versions of the phrase occur two other times. These phrases imply that the writer or editor of this book was alive at a later time when there was a king in Israel. They also seem to imply that the writer thought that things were not good in Israel because there was no king. The translation of these phrases should imply to the reader that the book’s writer is looking back into the past. What is the meaning of the phrase “to this day”? The narrator used this phrase to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. The translator must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translation’s readers is meant. The translator might decide to say, “to this day, at the time when this is being written,” or, “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Judges 1:21, 26; 6:24; 10:4; 15:19; 18:12.
3	1:intro	a4am			Judges 1 General Notes Structure and formatting “After the death of Joshua” This statement creates a seamless transition from the book of Joshua. Special concepts in this chapter Finishing the conquest of the Promised Land Israel fought to clear the land of the Canaanites, but they also made treaties with other peoples and made some of them do hard labor. This was against God’s instruction to completely remove the Canaanite people from the land.
4	1:1	r9ee		Connecting Statement:	Connecting Statement: The book of Judges continues the story about Joshua and is also the beginning of a new part of the story.
5	1:1	b9my		Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
6	1:1	c92j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	will attack the Canaanites for us	The word “us” refers to the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
7	1:2	c4zw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Judah will attack	Here “Judah” represents the men of the tribe of Judah. Yahweh is commanding these men to attack first. Alternate translation: “The men of Judah must attack first” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8	1:2	i2v6		See	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
9	1:2	ysi6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	this land	This refers to the land where the Canaanites lived. Alternate translation: “the land of the Canaanites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10	1:3	k7aq		their brothers	Alternate translation: “their fellow Israelites” or “their relatives”
11	1:3	x2kz		Come up with us	The people of the tribes of Judah and Simeon were camped with the rest of the Israelite people in the valley of the Jordan River. The land given to Judah was in the hills above the valley. Some languages do not usually indicate whether people were going up or down. Alternate translation: “Come with us” or “Go with us”
12	1:3	p8mq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	that was assigned to us & that was assigned to you	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh assigned to us … that Yahweh assigned to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13	1:3	yz2b		We will likewise go with you	Alternate translation: “We will also go with you” or “In the same way, we will go with you”
14	1:4	ku4h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The men of Judah attacked	It is implied that the men of Simeon attacked with the men of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15	1:4	n19d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	They killed ten thousand	“They killed about 10,000” or “They killed a large number” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
16	1:4	vmc4		of them	Alternate translation: “soldiers of the Canaanites and Perizzites” or “enemies”
17	1:4	c9xq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bezek	This is an area in the mountains of Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
18	1:5	w88l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Adoni-Bezek	This man was the leader of the army of the Canaanites and the Perizzites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19	1:5	i3pn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	they fought against him	Here “him” actually refers to Adoni-Bezek and his army. Alternate translation: “they fought against him and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
20	1:6	vz6p		pursued him	Alternate translation: “chased him”
21	1:7	es2p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	Seventy kings	“70 kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
22	1:7	t5fd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who had their thumbs and their big toes cut off	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whose thumbs and big toes I told my men to cut off” or “whose thumbs and big toes we cut off” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
23	1:7	p5cw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	gathered their food from under my table	Forcing these kings to eat scraps of food represents all the ways that Adoni-Bezek humiliated these kings. Here “gathering” food represents eating it. Alternate translation: “ate scraps of food from under my table” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24	1:8	hh58	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the city of Jerusalem and took it	Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the people who lived in Jerusalem and defeated them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
25	1:8	ca78	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	They attacked it	Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people of the city. Alternate translation: “They attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
26	1:8	k6ze	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	with the edge of the sword	“with the point of the sword.” Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate translation: “with their swords” or “with their weapons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
27	1:9	cs3t		the men of Judah went down to fight	It was common to use the word “down” when it refers to traveling from Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the men of Judah went to fight”
28	1:9	q3x9		in the Negev	Alternate translation: “in the southern Judean wilderness”
29	1:9	x4ew		foothills	hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range
30	1:10	ax37	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	the name of Hebron was previously Kiriath Arba	This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Kiriath Arba but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Hebron. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
31	1:10	edk7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai	These are the names of three Canaanite leaders of Hebron. Each leader represents his army. Alternate translation: “Sheshai, Ahiman, Talmai, and their armies” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
32	1:11	lh59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	the name of Debir was previously Kiriath Sepher	The author probably wrote this because his readers knew the city as Debir. But at the time Israel attacked it, it was called Kiriath Sepher. Alternate translation: “which used to be called Kiriath Sepher” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
33	1:11	fn5g		was previously	Alternate translation: “was in times past” or “was at an earlier time”
34	1:12	e7kf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Whoever attacks Kiriath Sepher and takes it	Here “Kiriath Sepher” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Whoever attacks and defeats the people of Kiriath Sepher and takes their city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
35	1:12	n39v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Aksah	This is the name of Caleb’s daughter. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
36	1:13	xa4b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Othniel, son of Kenaz	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
37	1:14	u3cc		she urged him	Alternate translation: “Aksah urged Othniel”
38	1:15	m3cg		Give me a blessing	Alternate translation: “Do a favor for me” or “Do this for me”
39	1:15	rz4u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Since you have given me the land of the Negev	Caleb gave Aksah in marriage to Othniel, so she lived with Othniel in the city that he had captured in the Negev. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Since you have given me in marriage to live in the Negev” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
40	1:15	n8di	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Since you have given me the land	This implies that Caleb did give her the field when she asked him for it (verse 14). She is now asking for springs of water in addition to that field. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
41	1:16	x6ei		of Moses’ father-in-law	Alternate translation: “of the father of Moses’ wife”
42	1:16	fqe9		father-in-law the Kenite went up	Alternate translation: “father-in-law, who was one of the Ken people, went up”
43	1:16	n6kh		went up from the City of Palms & into the wilderness	Alternate translation: “left the City of Palms … and went into the wilderness”
44	1:16	a29w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	City of Palms	This is another name for the city of Jericho. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
45	1:16	u7t8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Arad	This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
46	1:17	e48a		the men of Simeon their brothers	Here “brothers” means relatives who were in another tribe of Israel.
47	1:17	nd84	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zephath	This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
48	1:17	iy2d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The name of the city was called Hormah	After the Israelites destroyed Zephath, they changed its name to “Hormah.” The name “Hormah” means “complete destruction.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
49	1:19	vtq2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh was with the people of Judah	Here “was with” means that Yahweh helped the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
50	1:19	g27v		plains	a very large area of level, treeless ground
51	1:20	ys79	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Hebron was given to Caleb (like Moses had said)	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses had given Hebron to Caleb” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
52	1:20	eml1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	three sons of Anak	The leaders of the people groups are used to refer to the entire group. Alternate translation: “three sons of Anak and their people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
53	1:20	tyj7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Anak	This is the name of a man. Anak and his descendants were famous for being very tall. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
54	1:21	l6aj		to this day	“until now.” This refers to the time the book of Judges was written.
55	1:22	da33	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The house of Joseph	Here “house” represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the “house of Joseph” can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim” or “The men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
56	1:22	pc1n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to attack Bethel	Here “Bethel” represents the people who live in Bethel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
57	1:23	ffy3		spy	to get information secretly
58	1:23	vx3f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	the city that was formerly called Luz	This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Luz but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Bethel. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
59	1:24	qdm8		spies	people who get information secretly
60	1:25	dj1j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	they attacked the city	Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “they attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
61	1:25	ncm9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	with the edge of the sword	“with the point of the sword.” Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate translation: “with their swords” or “with their weapons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
62	1:25	uw87	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	get away	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “escape” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
63	1:26	i4r5		Luz	This new town started in the land of the Hittites was named after the town of Luz, near Bethel, that the man had left.
64	1:26	ym4e		which is its name to this day	“which is still its name.” Here “to this day” refers to the time when the book of Judges was written.
65	1:27	va98	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beth Shan & Taanach & Dor & Ibleam & Megiddo	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
66	1:27	grh4		because the Canaanites were determined to live in that land	To “determine” is to firmly decide something. Alternate translation: “because the Canaanites firmly decided not to leave that land”
67	1:28	m64k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	When Israel became strong	Here “Israel” represents the people. Alternate translation: “When the people of Israel became stronger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
68	1:28	h7tu		they forced the Canaanites to serve them with hard labor	Alternate translation: “they forced the Canaanites to do hard work for them”
69	1:29	ek8n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Ephraim did not	Here “Ephraim” the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
70	1:29	u8mq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gezer	The name of one of the cities in the Ephraim area. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
71	1:30	z9je	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Zebulun did not drive out	Here “Zebulun” represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
72	1:30	p5am	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kitron & Nahalol	These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
73	1:30	l8tv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	but Zebulun forced	Here “Zebulun” represents the people of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
74	1:30	cp5q		hard labor	Alternate translation: “difficult labor”
75	1:31	e29r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Asher did not drive	Here “Asher” represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Asher. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
76	1:31	b612	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Akko & Sidon & Ahlab, Akzib, Helbah, Aphek & Rehob	These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
77	1:33	d9v1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beth Shemesh & Beth Anath	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
78	1:33	pck2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath were forced into hard labor for Naphthali	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of Naphtali forced the people of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath to work for them as slaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
79	1:34	w8it		not allowing them to come down	Alternate translation: “stopping them from coming down”
80	1:34	ijt5		plain	a very large area of flat land without trees
81	1:35	qwt2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mount Heres	This is the name of a large hill on which the city of Aijalon was built. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
82	1:35	cw8t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Aijalon & Shaalbim	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
83	1:35	x276		the military might of the house of Joseph conquered them	Alternate translation: “the tribes of people who descended from Joseph were able to conquer them because of their powerful army”
84	1:35	uvw1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	house of Joseph	Here “house” represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the “house of Joseph” can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim” or “the men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
85	1:36	g7nx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the hill of Akrabbim	This was a pass southwest of the Dead Sea. It is also called the “Scorpion Pass.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
86	1:36	qr2w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Sela	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
87	2:intro	mf6a			Judges 2 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh tests Israel Yahweh said, “Because this nation has broken the terms of my covenant.” Completely removing the Canaanites from the land was a test from Yahweh. While Yahweh displayed covenant faithfulness, Israel did not. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])
88	2:1	tt9y		angel of Yahweh	This could mean: (1) “angel who represents Yahweh” or (2) “messenger who serves Yahweh” or (3) it may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel’s use of “I” as if Yahweh himself were talking.
89	2:1	q2ka		went up from Gilgal to Bokim	Alternate translation: “left Gilgal and went to Bokim”
90	2:1	x66i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bokim	This is what the Israelites named this place in 2:5 after the angel rebukes the people. “Bokim” means “crying.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
91	2:1	te37	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	and said	It is understood that the angel of Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and said to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
92	2:1	im2i		brought you up from Egypt	Alternate translation: “led you from Egypt”
93	2:1	ha9u		your fathers	Alternate translation: “your ancestors” or “your forefathers”
94	2:1	p92u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	break my covenant with you	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “fail to do what I said I would do for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
95	2:2	syq4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you have not listened to my voice	Here “voice” represents what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed my commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
96	2:2	w8ys	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What is this that you have done?	This question is asked to cause the people of Israel to realize they have disobeyed Yahweh and will suffer because of it. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
97	2:3	kdq3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	So now I say, ‘I will not & trap for you.’	This has a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “So now I tell you that I will not … trap for you.’” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
98	2:3	plg4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	become thorns in your sides	The Canaanites troubling the Israelites is spoken of as if the Canaanites would be thorns in the side of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “cause you trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
99	2:3	y4wm		thorns	sharp pieces of wood up to 7 centimeters long that stick out from some plants
100	2:3	b6w1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	their gods will become a trap for you	The Israelites worshiping the Canaanite gods is spoken of as if the false gods were a hunter’s trap that catches an animal and causes it harm. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
101	2:4	f5v2		shouted and wept	Alternate translation: “cried many tears”
102	2:6	p53v		Now when Joshua	Here “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator begins a summary that explains how the generations of Israelites after Joshua sinned and worshiped false gods so that Yahweh punished them, but then he would send judges to rescue them. This summary ends in 2:23.
103	2:6	u1xb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	when Joshua & of their land	The events of 1:1-2:5 happened after Joshua died. This is recounting events that happened at the end of the book of Joshua. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
104	2:6	i12e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	to the place assigned	You may want to help your readers by stating who assigned this place to them. Alternate translation: “to the place Yahweh gave them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
105	2:7	kcc2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background		The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 continues. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
106	2:7	ydz9		during the lifetime	This means the time that someone lived. Alternate translation: “during the life”
107	2:7	g5ah		the elders	Here this means the men who helped lead Israel, participating in matters of social justice and in religious matters such as maintaining the law of Moses.
108	2:7	qml9		outlived him	This means to live longer than someone else. Alternate translation: “lived longer than he did”
109	2:8	ii19	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background		The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 continues. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
110	2:8	m4jx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Joshua son of Nun & died at the age of 110 years old	The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 ends. The events of 1:1-2:5 happened after Joshua died. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
111	2:8	k12w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nun	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
112	2:8	xfn6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	110 years old	“one hundred and ten years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
113	2:9	ne2z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he was assigned	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that God gave him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
114	2:9	yk2s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Timnath Heres	This is the name of an area of land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
115	2:9	f8u2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mount Gaash	This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
116	2:10	umh1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	All that generation was also gathered to their fathers	The phrase “was also gathered to their fathers” means that as the people of that generation died, their souls went to the same place as their ancestors who died before them. It is a polite way of saying they died. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
117	2:10	r6cs		fathers	Here this means the ancestors of a certain person or people group.
118	2:10	flq1		grew up	Alternate translation: “grew older” or “became older”
119	2:10	qd7f		who did not know Yahweh	Here “did not know” means they had not experienced Yahweh or his power the way the previous generation had.
120	2:11	yhh4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
121	2:11	gx61	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Baals	This is the plural of Baal. While “Baal” was generally the name of one false god, the word was also used for various other gods that were often worshiped along with Baal. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
122	2:12	tp3f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They broke away from Yahweh	The Israelites no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically broke away from him and left him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123	2:12	re2c		their fathers	Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
124	2:12	n4xl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They went after other gods	The Israelites starting to worship false gods is spoken of as if the Israelites walked and went after the false gods. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
125	2:12	w9r2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	bowed down to them	This is an act of worship and giving honor to someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
126	2:12	j3xw		They provoked Yahweh to anger	Alternate translation: “They caused Yahweh to become angry”
127	2:13	ddu6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ashtoreths	This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
128	2:14	r6xm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel	The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became very angry with the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
129	2:14	bjf9		he gave them to the raiders who stole their possessions from them	Alternate translation: “he let raiders steal their possessions”
130	2:14	v1ki	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He sold them as slaves who were held by the strength of their enemies around them, so they could no longer defend themselves against their enemies	Yahweh allowing the enemies to take the Israelites as slaves is spoken of as if he sold them into slavery. The phrase “who were held by” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He allowed their enemies to conquer them and take them as slaves, and they could no longer resist their powerful enemies” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
131	2:15	b13p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh’s hand was against them to defeat them	Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped their enemies defeat them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
132	2:15	n59g		they were in terrible distress	Alternate translation: “they were suffering terribly”
133	2:16	t2b3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Then Yahweh raised up judges	Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he were raising or lifting the persons up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
134	2:16	myh2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	out of the hand of those	Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
135	2:17	p49i		they would not listen to their judges	Alternate translation: “they would not obey their judges”
136	2:17	dv8s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	gave themselves like prostitutes to other gods and worshiped them	The people betraying Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if the people were prostitutes. Alternate translation: “betrayed him by worshiping false gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
137	2:17	wwn4		their fathers	Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
138	2:18	eau5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	When Yahweh raised up judges	Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the persons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
139	2:18	hz8j		judges for them & rescued them	The word “them” refers to the Israelites.
140	2:18	ql9k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hand of their enemies	Here “hand” refers to power of the enemies to hurt Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
141	2:18	j2rk		all the days the judge lived	Alternate translation: “as long as the judge lived”
142	2:18	n8w4		pity	to have compassion for someone or something
143	2:18	g95t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	as they groaned	The sound made by a person who suffers is used to describe the pain of the Israelites as they suffer. Alternate translation: “as they suffered” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
144	2:19	q63w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they would turn away	The people no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they would physically turn away from Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
145	2:19	fnt4		their fathers	Alternate translation: “their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
146	2:19	kid3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They would go after other gods to serve them and worship them	The Israelites worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they were walking and going after other gods. Alternate translation: “They would serve and worship other gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
147	2:19	lq1a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	They refused to give up any of their evil practices or their stubborn ways	“They refused to stop doing evil things and being stubborn.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “They continued doing evil things and being stubborn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
148	2:20	b7rk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel	The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. See how you translated this phrase in Judges 2:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
149	2:20	clk3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	this nation has broken	Here “nation” represents the people. Alternate translation: “these people have broken” or “the Israelites have broken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
150	2:21	ry6q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	any of the nations	Here “nations” represents the people groups that lived in Canaan before the Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
151	2:22	n194	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they will keep the way of Yahweh and walk in it	How Yahweh wants people to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they were walking in his way. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
152	2:23	tn49	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	did not drive them out quickly and give them into the hand of Joshua	These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “he did not let Joshua quickly conquer them and drive them out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
153	2:23	b618	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	into the hand of Joshua	Here “hand” is a metonym for power, and “Joshua” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “into the power of Joshua and his army” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
154	3:intro	k35h			Judges 3 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The people worship false gods Israel worshiped idols and false gods. Because of this, Yahweh allowed Aram and Moab to rule over them. In the period of Judges, when Israel sinned, they were often placed under the rule of a foreign power. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter “Blew a trumpet” When Ehud “blew a trumpet,” he was calling all of the men to come help him fight. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
155	3:1	w2is		Now Yahweh	Here “Now” begins a new section of the story.
156	3:1	hp8z		these nations	This refers to the people groups that the narrator will list in 3:3.
157	3:1	xj63	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who had not experienced any of the wars fought in Canaan	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who had not fought in any of the wars in Canaan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
158	3:2	l4u8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	He did this to teach warfare to the new generation of the Israelites who had not known it before	This breaks from the main story line. The narrator gives background information about why Yahweh left some of the people groups in Canaan. Alternate translation: “Yahweh left nations among the Israelites to teach the young men who had not fought in battle before how to fight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
159	3:3	mgb4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the five kings	These five kings represent themselves and their people. Alternate translation: “the five kings and their people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
160	3:3	upq5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mount Baal Hermon	This is the highest mountain in Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
161	3:3	z6zc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hamath Pass	This is the name of an area at the northern boundary of Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
162	3:4	vqn2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	These nations were left	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh left these nations in Canaan” or “Yahweh allowed these nations to continue to live in Canaan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
163	3:4	dzs7		as a means	Alternate translation: “as a way”
164	3:4	f89f		whether they would & gave their ancestors	The words “they” and “their” refer to the people of Israel.
165	3:4	wbc7		the commands he gave	Alternate translation: “the commands Yahweh gave”
166	3:7	p6m5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in Judges 2:11. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
167	3:7	e1t1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	forgot Yahweh their God	Here “forgot” is an idiom that means “they stopped obeying.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
168	3:8	yg7p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the anger of Yahweh was set on fire	Yahweh becoming very angry is spoken of as if his anger were something that could be set on fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became very angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
169	3:8	gwp8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	sold them into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim	Allowing the people of Israel to be conquered is spoken of as if Yahweh sold them to Cushan-Rishathaim. Alternate translation: “allowed Cushan-Rishathaim and his army to defeat them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
170	3:8	zj78	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim	Here “hand” is a metonym that represents power or control. Also, “Cushan-Rishathaim” is a synechdoche that represents himself and his army. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
171	3:8	b1vl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Cushan-Rishathaim	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
172	3:8	a27l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Aram Naharaim	This is the name of a country. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
173	3:9	vg5k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh raised up someone	Yahweh appointing someone to do a special work for him is spoken of as if Yahweh raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
174	3:9	k6r6		Othniel & Kenaz	See how you translated these men’s names in Judges 1:13.
175	3:10	y845		empowered him	This phrase means that Yahweh helped Othniel to have and develop the qualities he needed to be a great leader.
176	3:10	rq2z		he judged Israel	Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
177	3:10	k8cd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	he went out to war	Here “he” refers to Othniel who represents himself and the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “Othniel and the Israelite soldiers went to fight against the army of Cushan-Rishathaim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
178	3:10	l4lh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Yahweh gave him victory over Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram	Here “Cushan-Rishathaim” represents his army. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped the Israelite army defeat the army of Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
179	3:10	f953	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The hand of Othniel	Here “hand” is a metonym for army. Alternate translation: “The army of Othniel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
180	3:11	svg9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The land had peace	“The land” is used to refer to the people who lived in the land. Alternate translation: “The people lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
181	3:11	i8ks	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	forty years	“40 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
182	3:12	l914	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in Judges 2:11. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
183	3:12	nj1t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Yahweh gave strength to Eglon king of Moab	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word strength, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made Eglon king of Moab strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
184	3:12	s1wn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	to Eglon king of Moab to overpower the Israelites	Here “Eglon king of Moab” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “to Eglon king of Moab and his soldiers as they attacked the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
185	3:12	z23q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Eglon	This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
186	3:13	rp3h		the City of Palms	This is another name for the city of Jericho. See how you translated this in Judges 1:16.
187	3:14	h6y6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	eighteen years	“18 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
188	3:15	mpv5		called out to Yahweh	Here this means to shout or speak loudly to someone far away. It can also mean to ask someone for help, especially God.
189	3:15	zn6d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	raised up someone	Yahweh appointing someone to do a special service for him is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
190	3:15	jja5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ehud & Gera	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
191	3:15	w4sk		left-handed	Ehud was better able to hold a sword with his left hand.
192	3:16	fm5l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	one cubit	If it is necessary to use a modern measurement of length, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “46 centimeters” or “about one half meter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
193	3:16	i3y7		he strapped it on under his clothing on his right thigh	Alternate translation: “he tied it to his right thigh under his clothing”
194	3:16	s4wh		thigh	the part of the leg between the knee and the hip
195	3:17	k42d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now Eglon was a very fat man	Here “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Eglon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
196	3:19	q56y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	when he reached the place where the carved images were made near Gilgal	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when he arrived at the place near Gilgal where people made carved images” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
197	3:20	f67g		in the coolness of the upper room	This is a room above the lower level that was used for rest and to remain cool during the hot part of the day.
198	3:20	p7ft	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	The king got up out of his seat	Standing up was a sign of honoring God will listening to his message. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
199	3:22	k49p		The tip of the sword came out of his back	Alternate translation: “The sharp end of the sword came out of his back”
200	3:23	djg4		porch	an outside room with low walls and a roof covering
201	3:24	z2qt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Surely he is relieving himself	This is a polite way to speak about a person having a bowel movement (defecating) or urinating. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
202	3:25	d7zv		until they felt they were neglecting their duty	They waited until they became worried that something was wrong and it was their duty to open the doors to their king’s private room.
203	3:25	e1jf		took the key and opened them	Alternate translation: “took the key and opened the doors”
204	3:26	r2ig	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events	While the servants were waiting & Ehud escaped	This tells what happened before the servants opened the doors to the upper room and found the king dead. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile, as the servants were still waiting outside of the upper room … Ehud escaped” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
205	3:26	x36q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Seirah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
206	3:27	zet1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	When he arrived	You may want to help your readers by stating where he arrived. Alternate translation: “When he arrived in Seirah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
207	3:28	s9y4		General Information:	General Information: Ehud speaks to the people of Israel in Ephraim.
208	3:28	ax6h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	for Yahweh is about to defeat your enemies	Yahweh helping the Israelites to defeat their enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight and defeat their enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
209	3:28	i3vy		captured the fords	Alternate translation: “gained control of the fords”
210	3:28	k9q1		fords	the areas of a river where it is shallow and easy to walk across to the other side
211	3:28	uf81		did not allow anyone to cross	Alternate translation: “did not let anyone cross”
212	3:29	jjy8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	ten thousand men	“10,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
213	3:29	e6ge		capable men	Alternate translation: “able men” or “men able to fight well”
214	3:30	ch1z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Moab was subdued by the strength of Israel	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Israelite army defeated the Moabites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
215	3:30	par9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the strength of Israel	Here “strength” represents the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
216	3:30	w1xr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the land had rest	Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the Israelites lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
217	3:30	dln1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	eighty years	“80 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
218	3:31	psq1		judge	God appointed judges to lead the people of Israel in times of trouble after they entered the Promised Land and before they had kings. Often judges rescued the Israelites from their enemies.
219	3:31	xdh8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shamgar	The name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
220	3:31	uz68	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Anath	The name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
221	3:31	f6s9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	600 men	“six hundred men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
222	3:31	z3lr		a stick used to goad cattle	Cattle farmers would poke their cattle with a sharp stick to make them move. AT “a stick used to urge cattle to move” or “a stick used to direct cattle”
223	3:31	n8z3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	He also delivered Israel from danger	The word “danger” refers to enemies that tried to harm the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “He also delivered the people of Israel from their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
224	4:intro	pjw5			Judges 4 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapters 4 and 5 form one section about Barak and Deborah. Special concepts in this chapter Barak’s leadership At this time, it was very unusual for a woman to be a leader, especially a military leader. Barak lacked the strength to go into battle without Deborah. This indicates that Barak was a poor leader. If a woman won the battle for him, it would have brought Barak shame. It also indicates that Deborah was very well respected. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
225	4:1	h4q7		Ehud	See how you translated this man’s name in Judges 3:15.
226	4:1	aq65	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in Judges 2:11. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
227	4:2	yj14	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan	Here “hand” refers to Jabin’s power over Israel. Yahweh’s decision to give Jabin power over them is spoken of as if Yahweh had sold them to Jabin. Alternate translation: “Yahweh allowed them to be defeated by the power of Jabin king of Canaan” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
228	4:2	i943	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jabin & Sisera	These are the names of men (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
229	4:2	fk1t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hazor & Harosheth Haggoyim	These are the names of cities or places (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
230	4:3	ftq8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	nine hundred iron chariots	“900 iron chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
231	4:3	k27q		twenty years	Alternate translation: “20 years”
232	4:4	e7xn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Deborah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
233	4:4	nnu6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Deborah	This is the name of a woman (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
234	4:4	gru6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Lappidoth	This is the name of a man (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
235	4:4	lj93		judge	God appointed judges to lead the Israelites in times of trouble. Often the judges rescued them from their enemies.
236	4:5	uy3x		palm of Deborah	This tree was named after Deborah.
237	4:6	b5l8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	General Information:	General Information: The writer of Judges refers to men, a city, a mountain, and a river by their names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
238	4:6	ehp5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Barak & Abinoam	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
239	4:6	yn83	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mount Tabor	This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
240	4:6	vi2x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	ten thousand men	“10,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
241	4:7	rm5r		I will draw out	Here “I” refers to God.
242	4:7	mmc1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	draw out Sisera	Here “Sisera” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “draw out Sisera and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
243	4:7	hl3v		draw out	to cause people to come away from a safe location
244	4:7	k3na		Sisera & Jabin	See how you translated these men’s names in Judges 4:2.
245	4:7	sue6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kishon	This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
246	4:8	qr6v		General Information:	General Information: Barak has a discussion with Deborah.
247	4:8	b27v		Barak	See how you translated this man’s name in Judges 4:6.
248	4:9	y6ww	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the road on which you are going will not lead to your honor	The choice Barak makes is spoken of as if Barak were choosing a road on which to travel. And, “honor” is spoken of as if it were a destination to which one travels. Alternate translation: “no one will honor you for what you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
249	4:9	v8ri	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for Yahweh will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman	Here “hand” refers to her power to kill him. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh will cause a woman to defeat Sisera” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
250	4:9	msw7		Sisera	See how you translated this man’s name in Judges 4:2.
251	4:9	bi9q		Deborah	See how you translated this woman’s name in Judges 4:4.
252	4:10	g69f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	Ten thousand men	“10,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
253	4:11	wq16	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Heber the Kenite. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
254	4:11	fty7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Heber & Hobab	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
255	4:11	aup8		Kenite	See how you translated this in Judges 1:16
256	4:11	jez1		Moses’ father-in-law	Alternate translation: “the father of Moses’ wife”
257	4:11	y5mf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zaanannim	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
258	4:12	rkt1		When they told Sisera	Here “they” does not identify anyone specifically. Alternate translation: “When someone told Sisera”
259	4:12	dcw1		Sisera	See how you translated this man’s name in Judges 4:2.
260	4:12	i2cf		Barak & Abinoam & Mount Tabor	See how you translated these names in Judges 4:6.
261	4:13	r3xw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Sisera called out all his chariots	Here “chariots” represents the soldiers who drove the chariots. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
262	4:13	avt4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	nine hundred iron chariots	“900 iron chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
263	4:13	x4xy		Harosheth Haggoyim	See how you translated the name of this city in Judges 4:2.
264	4:13	a7q6		Kishon River	See how you translated this in Judges 4:7.
265	4:14	pb3b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	Yahweh has given you victory	Because Deborah is certain of victory, she speaks as if Barak had already won the battle. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will give you victory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
266	4:14	r1ph	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is not Yahweh leading you?	Deborah asks this question to remind Barak that they fight on the side of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Remember, Yahweh is leading you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
267	4:14	fv1q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	with ten thousand	“with 10,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
268	4:15	t5qj		Yahweh confused Sisera and all his chariots and all his army	Alternate translation: “Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army unable to think clearly” or “Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army panic”
269	4:15	u8qh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all his chariots	Here the word “chariots” is a metonym for the soldiers driving the chariots. Alternate translation: “all the men driving chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
270	4:16	qj43	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Barak pursued	Here “Barak” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “Barak and his soldiers chased” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
271	4:16	ce5l		Harosheth	Translate this the same way you did in Judges 4:2.
272	4:16	x3gk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the whole army of Sisera was killed by the edge of the sword	Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Barak and his soldiers killed Sisera’s whole army with their swords” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
273	4:17	ayi3		Sisera & Jabin & Hazor	See how you translated these names in Judges 4:2.
274	4:17	h17w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ran away on foot	This is an idiom that means he was walking rather than riding a horse or in a chariot. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
275	4:17	mp3u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jael	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
276	4:17	s2ne		Heber	See how you translated this man’s name in Judges 4:11.
277	4:17	kwu8		Kenite	See how you translated this in Judges 1:16.
278	4:18	k8b1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Turn aside	This means to change course during a journey in order to rest. Alternate translation: “Come here” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
279	4:18	u5k9		blanket	a large covering for the body to sleep under for warmth, made of wool or animal skins
280	4:19	cn6j		He said to her	Alternate translation: “Sisera said to Jael”
281	4:21	ctd6		tent peg	a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent
282	4:21	i8q2		hammer	a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground
283	4:21	lvc4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a deep sleep	Like a person in a deep hole cannot easily climb out, a person in a deep sleep cannot easily wake up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
284	4:22	n7wq		Barak was pursuing	Alternate translation: “Barak was chasing” or “Barak was following after”
285	4:23	xzh1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God defeated Jabin, the king of Canaan, before the people of Israel	God causing the Israelites to defeat Jabin and his army is spoken of as is God himself defeated Jabin as the people of Israel watched. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
286	4:24	y25t		The might	Alternate translation: “The military power”
287	4:24	zcb9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	they destroyed him	Here “him” refers to Jabin who represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “they destroyed Jabin and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
288	5:intro	jgd9			Judges 5 General Notes Structure and formatting The account of Deborah and Barak continues in this chapter. Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, prayers, and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of Chapter 5, which is a song, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter The flood God caused rain and flooding to bog down Jaban’s chariots making them vulnerable to soldiers on foot, even though it is not said. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
289	5:1	w7ex	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	On that day	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “On the day the Israelites defeated the army of King Jabin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
290	5:1	pfq9		Deborah	See how you translated this name in Judges 4:4.
291	5:1	l3sj		Barak & Abinoam	See how you translated these names in Judges 4:6.
292	5:2	s181		when the people gladly volunteer for war	Alternate translation: “when the men agree to fight in battle”
293	5:3	hs8j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Listen, you kings! Pay attention, you leaders	Deborah and Barak speak to the kings and leaders as if they were there listening to the song. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
294	5:3	cbt1		you kings & you leaders	This refers to kings and leaders in general, not to specific kings or leaders.
295	5:4	f5pu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	when you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom	This refers to the time when the Israelites left Edom to start conquering the people in Canaan. Yahweh empowering his people to defeat the people of Canaan is spoken of as if he were a warrior leading the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
296	5:4	vj7e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Seir	Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
297	5:4	hw54	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water	This could mean: (1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh’s power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or (2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
298	5:5	p4qp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The mountains quaked	This probably refers to earthquakes and gives the impression that the mountains quaked because they were very afraid of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The mountains trembled in fear” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
299	5:5	d62l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	before the face of Yahweh	Here “face” refers Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
300	5:5	wuf5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	even Mount Sinai quaked	When Moses and Israel were at Mount Sinai, it quaked. Alternate translation: “long ago, even Mount Sinai quaked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
301	5:6	he9e		In the days of	Alternate translation: “During the lifetime of”
302	5:6	asi7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shamgar & Anath & Jael	These are the names of people. See how you translated Shamgar and Anath in Judges 3:31 and Jael in Judges 4:18. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
303	5:6	rw34	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	son of Anath	Shamgar’s father is mentioned to help identify Shamgar and when he lived. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
304	5:6	ki5e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the main roads were abandoned	This can be stated in active form and you can make explicit why the roads were abandoned Alternate translation: “people stopped using the main roads; because they were afraid of Israel’s enemies” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
305	5:6	i6j5		the winding paths	This refers to smaller roads that fewer people traveled on.
306	5:7	n27x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I, Deborah, arose—arose as a mother in Israel	Deborah speaks of becoming a leader in Israel as if she were a mother taking care of young children. Alternate translation: “I, Deborah, began to lead—I took care of the Israelites as a mother takes care of her children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
307	5:8	mxk4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	they chose new gods	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel worshiped new gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
308	5:8	duj5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	there was fighting at the city gates	Here “gates” represents the entire city. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “enemies attacked the people within the Israelite cities” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
309	5:8	v83h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	there were no shields or spears seen among forty thousand in Israel	This statement is probably an exaggeration about how few weapons the Israelites had. Alternate translation: “few weapons for battle remained in Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
310	5:8	dl2n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	forty thousand in Israel	“40,000 in Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
311	5:9	u5zy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	My heart goes out to the commanders of Israel	The word “heart” represents a person’s emotions. The phrase “My heart goes out to” is a way of saying that Deborah feels gratitude or appreciation. Alternate translation: “I appreciate the commanders of Israel” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
312	5:10	dt2p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	you who ride on white donkeys & you who walk along the road	This contrast probably refers to rich people and poor people. Alternate translation: “you rich people who ride on white donkeys … you poor people who walk along the road” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
313	5:10	vf24		sitting on rugs for saddles	These rugs were probably used as saddles on the donkey’s back to make the rider more comfortable.
314	5:11	v4bj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Hear the voices of those	Here “voices” represents the people singing. Alternate translation: “Listen to those” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
315	5:11	f6il	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	went down to the city gates	Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “returned to their cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
316	5:12	de7e		Awake, awake	Possible speakers are: (1) the people of Israel or (2) Deborah who is speaking to herself or (3) the poet who wrote the song.
317	5:12	jc43		Deborah	See how you translated this name in Judges 4:4.
318	5:12	qc51		Barak & Abinoam	See how you translated these names in Judges 4:6.
319	5:13	tl3e		to me with the warriors	The word “me” refers to Deborah.
320	5:14	e478	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	from Ephraim, whose root is in Amalek	The people of Ephraim living in the land where the descendants of Amalek originally lived is spoken of as if the people of Ephraim were planted and their roots grew into the land. Alternate translation: “from Ephraim, that land where the descendants of Amalek once lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
321	5:14	k3ph	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	followed you	Here “you” refers to the people of Ephraim. It can be stated in third person. Alternate translation: “followed them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
322	5:14	yna1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Machir	This is the place where the descendants of Machir live. Machir was the son of Manasseh and the grandson of Joseph. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
323	5:14	rl91	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from Zebulun those who carry an officer’s staff	Military leaders are described by the staff, a symbol of their authority. Alternate translation: “military leaders from Zebulun” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
324	5:15	ruv4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	My princes in Issachar were with Deborah	Here “My” refers to Deborah. This whole statement can be translated in first person. Alternate translation: “My princes in Issachar were with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
325	5:15	w1en		Deborah	See how you translated this name in Judges 4:4.
326	5:15	sn4n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Issachar was with Barak	Here “Issachar” refers to the tribe of Issachar. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Issachar was with Barak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
327	5:15	yt1t		Barak	See how you translated this name in Judges 4:6.
328	5:15	z2wa		rushing after him into the valley under his command	Alternate translation: “obeying his command and rushing after him into the valley”
329	5:15	u31z		rushing after	Alternate translation: “following after” or “hurrying after”
330	5:15	sdi1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	there were great searchings of heart	Here “heart” represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. Alternate translation: “there was a lot of discussing about what they should do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
331	5:16	wc6c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why did you sit between the fireplaces, listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks?	This question is asked to criticize the people of Reuben because they did not decide to come fight in the battle. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have helped us fight, instead of staying at home and listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
332	5:16	xdd2		the fireplaces	Some versions of the Bible have the translation “the sheepfolds” or “the sheep pens.”
333	5:16	jg14	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	there were great searchings of heart	Here “heart” represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. See how you translated this in Judges 5:15. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
334	5:17	pg1n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Gilead stayed	Here “Gilead” the men from Gilead who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “The men of Gilead stayed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
335	5:17	zwj6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the other side of the Jordan	This refers to the east side of the Jordan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
336	5:17	l6vz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Dan, why did he wander about on ships?	This question is asked to express anger because the people of the tribe of Dan would not fight for Israel. Alternate translation: “the men of Dan should not have remained on their ships!” or “the people of the tribe of Dan did not help us in the battle. Instead they were wandering around on the sea in ships!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
337	5:17	wn8k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Dan, why did he	Here “Dan” represents the men from Dan who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “the men of Dan, why did they” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
338	5:17	wy1c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	wander about on ships	The tribe of Dan was located near the Mediterranean sea. They sailed on the sea to make money through trade and fishing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
339	5:17	q466	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Asher remained on the coast and lived close to his harbors	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people of the tribe of Asher also failed to help us, they just remained on the coast near their harbors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
340	5:17	hk9v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Asher remained	Here “Asher” represents the men who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “The men of Asher remained” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
341	5:17	s37f		harbors	places at the seacoast with deeper water where ships were kept
342	5:18	iq38	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	Naphtali, also	You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “Naphtali was a tribe who would also risk their lives to the point of death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
343	5:19	klr4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The kings came, they fought & the kings of Canaan fought	The king of a people group is used to refer to himself and the army he commands. Alternate translation: “The kings and their armies came and fought … the kings of Canaan and their armies fought” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
344	5:19	qh9s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	they fought & fought	The word “us” is understood. Alternate translation: “they fought us … fought us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
345	5:19	bwx4		Taanach & Megiddo	Translate the names of these places as you did in Judges 1:27.
346	5:19	jn5l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	no silver as plunder	Here “silver” represents any treasure in general. Alternate translation: “no silver or other treasures as plunder” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
347	5:19	lin6		plunder	things taken by force, usually in battle or by thieves
348	5:20	uwf8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	From heaven the stars fought, from their paths across the heavens they fought against Sisera	Yahweh helping the Israelite to defeat Sisera and his army is spoken of as if the stars themselves fought against Sisera and his army. This may refer to Yahweh using natural elements, specifically rain storms, to defeat Sisera. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
349	5:20	r9rm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	against Sisera	Here “Sisera” represents himself and his whole army. Alternate translation: “Sisera and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
350	5:20	ac6p		Sisera	See how you translated this name in Judges 4:2.
351	5:21	yn1b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The Kishon River swept them away	Because of the heavy rain the river flooded quickly causing the chariots to be stuck in the mud and drowning many soldiers. Alternate translation: “The Kishon River flooded and swept away Sisera’s soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
352	5:21	h8ac		Kishon	See how you translated this in Judges 4:6.
353	5:21	je12	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	March on my soul, be strong	Here “soul” refers to the whole person. The word “my” refers to Deborah. Alternate translation: “I tell myself to march on and to be strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
354	5:22	wx9v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Then came the sound of horses’ hooves—galloping, the galloping of his mighty ones	This describes the sound of many horses running away from the battle. Alternate translation: “Then I heard the sound of horses running away. Sisera’s mighty horses were running away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
355	5:22	n754		galloping	runninb quickly
356	5:23	gg5n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Curse Meroz	Here “Meroz” represents the people who lived there. Alternate translation: “Curse the people of Meroz” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
357	5:23	cdl6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Meroz	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
358	5:24	n5q6		Jael	See how you translated this name in Judges 4:18.
359	5:24	r37w		Heber	See how you translated this name in Judges 4:11.
360	5:24	jve5		Kenite	Translate the name of this people group as you did in Judges 1:16.
361	5:25	a4wl		brought him butter	Here “butter” refers to curdled milk. This was the best milk and a favorite drink among Jael’s people. Alternate translation: “brought him yogurt” or “brought him curds”
362	5:25	viu5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	a dish fit for princes	This phrase means the dish was of the best quality because princes were given the best things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
363	5:26	k8d2		She put her hand to the tent peg	Alternate translation: “Jael grabbed the tent peg with her left hand”
364	5:26	iyf8		tent peg	This is a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent. See how you translated this in Judges 4:21.
365	5:26	c1yp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	her right hand to the workman’s hammer	This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “she grabbed a hammer with her right hand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
366	5:26	va7c		hammer	This is a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground. See how you translated this in Judges 4:21.
367	5:26	hkm3		Sisera	See how you translated this man’s name in Judges 4:2.
368	5:27	e9gf		limp	without strength or movement
369	5:27	ezv3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he was violently killed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she killed him” or “he died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
370	5:28	duq1		the lattice	This is a frame in the window made of crossed wood.
371	5:28	mw4d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Why has it taken his chariot so long to come? Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots been delayed?	Both of these questions mean the same thing. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “Why is it taking Sisera so long to arrive home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
372	5:28	k2dy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	taken his chariot & Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots	Both of these represent Sisera. Alternate translation: “taken Sisera … Why has he” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
373	5:29	xa2n		wisest princesses	A “princess” is the daughter of a king, but a “princess” can also mean female advisers to the king’s family. Alternate translation: “wisest ladies”
374	5:29	mw32		she gave herself the same answer	Alternate translation: “she said to herself the same thing”
375	5:30	l98i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Have they not found and divided up the plunder—a womb & plunder?	The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. Alternate translation: “They must have so much plunder that it is taking a long time to divide it. They have … plunder.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
376	5:30	cw6v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	a womb, two wombs for every man & of those who plunder?	The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. Alternate translation: “There must be a womb, two wombs for every man … of those who plunder.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
377	5:30	xgr7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	a womb, two wombs for every man	Here “womb” represents a woman. Sisera’s mother believes Sisera’s men have captured many women. Alternate translation: “Each soldier will receive a woman or two” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
378	5:30	p9nz		dyed fabric	Alternate translation: “colored cloth” or “colored clothes”
379	5:30	zp9h		embroidered	having designs made of colored threads
380	5:30	yg2c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	for the necks of those who plunder	Here “necks” represents Sisera’s soldiers. Alternate translation: “for the soldiers who plunder to wear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
381	5:31	bi4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like the sun when it rises in its might	The people of Israel wish to be like the sun that rises because no nation’s army is powerful enough to stop the sunrise. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
382	5:31	q1yt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the land had peace	Here “the land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and the people of Israel lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
383	5:31	mw3u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	for forty years	“for 40 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
384	6:intro	p5sj			Judges 6 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter begins a section about Gideon. (Chapters 6-8) Special concepts in this chapter Israel’s punishment In Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
385	6:1	ht3z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in Judges 2:11. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
386	6:1	l9nl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hand of Midian	Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Also, “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the control of the people of Midian” or “the control of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
387	6:2	bs4z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The power of Midian oppressed Israel	Here “the power of Midian” refers to the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “The people of Midian were more powerful than the people of Israel and they oppressed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
388	6:2	pl5z		dens	places in the rocky cliffs that would provide shelter
389	6:4	zcp1		They would set up their army	Alternate translation: “The army would encamp” or “The army would set up their tents”
390	6:5	i2ld		Whenever they and their livestock and tents came up	The land of Midian was south of the land of Israel, near the Red Sea. It was common to use the phrase “came up” when speaking of traveling from Midian to Israel. Alternate translation: “Whenever the Midianites brought their livestock and tents to the land of Israel”
391	6:5	e5sl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	they would come as a swarm of locusts	The Midianites are compared to a swarm of locusts because they came in with a great number of people and their livestock ate everything that grew. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
392	6:5	ra2i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	it was impossible to count	This is an exaggeration, a hyperbole, showing the number is very great. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
393	6:6	eg3l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Midian weakened	Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
394	6:6	lcc3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	called out to Yahweh	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
395	6:7	z7sa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	called out to Yahweh	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
396	6:7	r2ej	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	because of Midian	Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “because of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
397	6:8	q22q		I brought you up from Egypt	Alternate translation: “I led you out of Egypt”
398	6:8	h336	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the house of slavery	Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
399	6:9	ue1t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from the hand	In this phrase “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
400	6:10	ne4s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	obeyed my voice	Here “my voice” represents what Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “obeyed my command” or “obeyed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
401	6:11	sex8		Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
402	6:11	r6sg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ophrah	This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
403	6:11	iz4d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abiezrite	This is a people group named after their ancestor Abiezer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
404	6:11	y3ww		was separating out the wheat by beating it on the floor	This is a process called “threshing.” Gideon was beating the wheat against the floor to separate the wheat grain from the rest of the wheat plant.
405	6:12	fe5w		appeared to him	Alternate translation: “went to him”
406	6:13	as35		my master	Gideon uses the word “master” as a polite way to greet a stranger. He does not realize he is speaking to Yahweh in the form of an angel or a man.
407	6:13	in9x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Where are all his wonderful deeds that our fathers told us about, when they said, ‘Did not Yahweh bring us up from Egypt?’	Gideon uses a question to challenge the stranger’s statement that Yahweh was with him. Also, the direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “We have not seen any wonderful deeds like the ones our fathers told us about when Yahweh brought them up from Egypt.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
408	6:13	e2k9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	gave us into the hand of Midian	The phrase “gave us into” means Yahweh allowed the Israelites to be defeated. Alternate translation: “allowed the Midianites to defeat us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
409	6:13	vi7e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	gave us into the hand	Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
410	6:13	buc4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	of Midian	Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
411	6:14	n2w1		Yahweh looked at him	Alternate translation: “Yahweh looked at Gideon”
412	6:14	kx2t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from the hand	Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
413	6:14	wuu9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	of Midian	Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
414	6:14	zs9h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Have I not sent you?	Yahweh uses a question to ensure Gideon that he is sending him. Here “sent” means Yahweh has appointed Gideon with a specific task. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am sending you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
415	6:15	w5e8		Please, Lord	Gideon now calls the person “Lord” instead of “my master” as in Judges 6:13. Here it seems Gideon either knows or suspects that he is speaking with Yahweh.
416	6:15	wn75	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	how can I deliver Israel?	Gideon uses a question to emphasize that he does not think he can rescue the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I cannot possibly rescue the Israelites!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
417	6:15	gpv8		See, my family	Alternate translation: “Look at my family and me and you will see that it”
418	6:15	gp6c		in Manasseh	Alternate translation: “in the tribe of Manasseh”
419	6:15	tw55	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in my father’s house	Here “house” represents a family. Alternate translation: “in my father’s family” or “in my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
420	6:16	p1xa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I will be with you	Here “be with you” is an idiom that means Yahweh will help and bless Gideon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
421	6:16	fhe8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	as one man	You can state the full meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “as easily as if you were fighting only one man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
422	6:18	ngy5		set it before you	Alternate translation: “place it in front of you”
423	6:19	kmz6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume	from an ephah of flour	If it is necessary to use a modern measurement; here is one way of doing it. Alternate translation: “with 22 liters of flour” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
424	6:19	c4pf		broth	water that has had food, such as meat, cooked in it
425	6:19	r55k		them to him	Alternate translation: “them to the angel of God”
426	6:20	u9cs		angel of God	This is the same as the angel of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “God, who was in the form of an angel” or “God”
427	6:21	ggc2		angel of Yahweh	In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in Judges 6:11.
428	6:21	x8t9		went away	Alternate translation: “disappeared”
429	6:22	x6iw		angel of Yahweh	In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in Judges 6:11.
430	6:22	l2pp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	Ah, Lord Yahweh!	The word “Ah” here shows that Gideon was very frightened. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
431	6:22	c1kt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	seen the angel of Yahweh face to face	This phrase refers to two people being close to each other. Alternate translation: “really seen the angel of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
432	6:23	b3ha	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh said to him	Apparently Yahweh spoke to Gideon from heaven. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
433	6:24	s81y		To this day	This means to the time when the book of Judges was written.
434	6:24	y4ya		Ophrah	Translate the name of this town as you did in Judges 6:11.
435	6:24	w4kn		the clan of Abiezer	Translate the name of this people group as you did in Judges 6:11.
436	6:25	h71y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	a second bull	The word “second” is the ordinal number for “two.” Alternate translation: “another bull” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
437	6:25	n1rh		that is beside it	Alternate translation: “that is beside the altar of Baal”
438	6:26	tj4p		on the top of this place of refuge	The city of Ophrah was on top of a hill. Israelites fled there for refuge from the Midianites.
439	6:26	gvr9		construct it the correct way	Alternate translation: “place the stones in an orderly manner” or “and build it properly”
440	6:27	xp8k		did as Yahweh had told him	This refers to Yahweh’s command in Judges 6:25-26.
441	6:28	mii1		got up	Alternate translation: “got up out of bed” or “woke up”
442	6:28	i5zb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the altar of Baal was broken down, and the Asherah that was beside it was cut down, and the second bull had been offered on the altar that had been built	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they noticed that someone had broken down the altar of Baal, cut down the Asherah that was beside it, and built an altar and sacrificed the second bull on it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
443	6:30	r7h5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he may be put to death	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we may kill him as punishment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
444	6:31	jw4v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will you plead the case for Baal?	Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to defend a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to defend Baal.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
445	6:31	xk3a		plead the case	Alternate translation: “make a defense” or “give an excuse”
446	6:31	n471	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will you save him?	Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to rescue a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to save Baal.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
447	6:32	j4wk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
448	6:32	q44c		because he said	Alternate translation: “because Joash said”
449	6:33	ual5		Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
450	6:33	eu5d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	gathered together	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gathered together as an army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
451	6:34	d9eb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	came over Gideon	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “took control of Gideon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
452	6:34	sz1y		clan of Abiezer	Translate the name of this people group as you did in Judges 6:11.
453	6:34	zxl8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	so they might follow him	The words “to battle” are understood. Alternate translation: “so they might follow him to battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
454	6:35	sy9t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	and they too, were called out to follow him	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “calling them out to follow him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
455	6:35	qb25	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali	These all represent the people of each tribe. Alternate translation: “to the tribes of Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
456	6:37	uf1b		woolen fleece	the woolly coat of a sheep
457	6:37	qz5z		dew	water that forms on plants during the night
458	6:37	s8ri	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	then I will know that you will	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “this will be a sign from you, and then I will know that you will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
459	6:38	cs87		Gideon rose	Alternate translation: “Gideon got out of bed”
460	6:38	ub6l		wrung	twist and squeeze something to remove water
461	7:intro	q545			Judges 7 General Notes Structure and formatting The account of Gideon continues in this chapter. Special concepts in this chapter God gets all of the credit God said, “There are too many soldiers for me to give you victory over the Midianites. Make sure that Israel will not boast against me, saying, ‘Our own power has saved us.’” By lowering the number of fighting soldiers, it emphasizes that the victory is achieved through God’s power. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])
462	7:1	u963		Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in Judges 6:32.
463	7:1	se4n		they encamped	Alternate translation: “they set up their camp”
464	7:1	q9lu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	spring of Harod & hill of Moreh	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
465	7:1	w8xb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The camp of Midian was to their north	Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army. Alternate translation: “The Midianite army set up their camp to the north of the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
466	7:2	ja78	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	for me to give you victory over the Midianites	The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “for me to allow you to defeat the Midianites” or “for me to cause you to be victorious over the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
467	7:2	ww36	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Our own power has saved us	Here “power” represents the people themselves. Alternate translation: “We have saved ourselves without God’s help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
468	7:3	i31q		Now	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
469	7:3	ahw6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	proclaim in the ears of the people	Here “the ears” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “proclaim to the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
470	7:3	gt6x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Whoever is afraid, whoever trembles	Both of these phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
471	7:3	h7mv		trembles	This word describes fear that causes a person to uncontrollably shake. Alternate translation: “shakes with fear”
472	7:3	m53a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	let him return	You can make explicit where he will go. Alternate translation: “let him return to his home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
473	7:3	iup9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mount Gilead	This is the name of a mountain in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
474	7:3	s1sd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty-two thousand	“22,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
475	7:3	wn6f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ten thousand remained	The word “people” or “men” is understood. Alternate translation: “10,000 people remained” or “10,000 men remained” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
476	7:3	z1zr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	ten thousand	“10,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
477	7:4	t9yd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will make their number smaller for you there	Here “number” represents the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “there, I will show you who to send home so the army will have less men” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
478	7:5	iem1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	Gideon brought	The word “brought” can be translated as “took” or “led.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
479	7:5	w69s		laps	to drink by licking with the tongue
480	7:6	ae7k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	Three hundred men	“300 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
481	7:7	e8uv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	three hundred men	“300 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
482	7:7	gk97	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	I will rescue you and give you victory	Here “you” is plural and refers to Gideon and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
483	7:8	j7gy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	So those who were chosen	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So those whom Yahweh chose” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
484	7:8	u2nh		took their supplies and their trumpets	Here “their” refers to the Israelite soldiers who were leaving the army.
485	7:8	cx8b		Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
486	7:9	u84q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Attack the camp, for I am going to give you victory over it	Here “camp” refers to the whole Midianite army. The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to help you defeat them” or “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to cause you to be victorious over them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
487	7:10	xqh7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	afraid to go down	You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “afraid to go down to attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
488	7:10	u4w3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Purah	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
489	7:11	j99j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	your courage will be strengthened	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what you hear will be encourage you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
490	7:11	wv5r		guard posts	places around the edge of an area where soldiers stand to watch for an enemy army
491	7:12	r5ww	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	as thick as a cloud of locusts	Here “cloud” means a swarm. The author speaks of the army as if it were a swarm of locusts to emphasize how many soldiers there were. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
492	7:12	zt6s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Their camels were more & in number than the grains of the sand on the seashore	The author uses a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that there were very many camels. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
493	7:12	d37k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Their camels were more than could be counted	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their camels were more than anyone could count” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
494	7:14	yg52	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon	Here “the sword of Gideon” refers to Gideon’s army attacking. Alternate translation: “The loaf of barley bread in your dream must be the army of Gideon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
495	7:14	v4e2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	God has given him victory over Midian	This future event is spoken of as if it were a past event. This emphasizes that it will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “God will certainly help the Israelites defeat the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
496	7:16	xjf2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	three hundred men	“300 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
497	7:18	rj9w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	For Yahweh and for Gideon!	The words “we fight” are implied. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
498	7:19	cxa7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	hundred men	“100 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
499	7:19	wba7		right at the beginning of the middle watch	The beginning of the middle watch would be around 10 o’clock at night.
500	7:20	zfw1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The sword of Yahweh and of Gideon	Here “sword” refers to their fighting. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
501	7:22	nw1r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	three hundred trumpets	“300 trumpets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
502	7:22	nk36	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh set every Midianite man’s sword against his comrades	Here “sword” refers to their attack with the use of the sword. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused every Midianite man to fight against his fellow soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
503	7:22	rv5b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beth Shittah & Zererah & Abel Meholah & Tabbath	These are the names of towns and cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
504	7:23	u5e9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The men of Israel from Naphtali, Asher, and all Manasseh were called out	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Gideon called out the Israelites from the tribes of Naphtali, Asher, and all Mannasseh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
505	7:24	js9y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beth Barah	This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
506	7:24	u7ze		took control of the waters, as far as Beth Barah and the Jordan River	Alternate translation: “took control of the area of the Jordan River as far south as Beth Barah”
507	7:25	hn84	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	at the rock of Oreb & at the winepress of Zeeb	The places were given these names after the Israelites killed Oreb and Zeeb there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
508	7:25	rvj8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Oreb & Zeeb	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
509	8:intro	zh95			Judges 8 General Notes Structure and formatting The account of Gideon concludes in this chapter. Special concepts in this chapter Succoth’s refusal to help Gideon The men of Succoth feared the Midianites more than Gideon. This is why they refused to help Gideon. By allying themselves with the Midianites, they aligned themselves against Yahweh. Because of this, Gideon treated them like he treated the Midianites. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Gideon refuses to be king Gideon said to them, “I will not rule over you, neither will my son rule over you. Yahweh will rule over you.” Although the book of Deuteronomy anticipates a king in Israel, it was sinful for Israel to desire to have a king. He did though take a share of everyone’s plunder as a king would have done through taxes. This may serve as a warning to Israel about their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
510	8:1	sea3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What is this you have done to us?	The people of the tribe of Ephraim were rebuking Gideon with this rhetorical question for not including them in his army. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not treated us fairly.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
511	8:1	f8fy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	against Midian	Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
512	8:1	whc1		they had a violent argument with him	they argued angrily with him” or “they rebuked him severely”
513	8:2	xg1a		General Information:	General Information: Gideon replies to the men from Ephraim.
514	8:2	wpi2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What have I done now compared to you?	Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “I have done very little compared with what you have done!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
515	8:2	xg8b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer?	Gideon was calming the people of Ephraim with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “Certainly the grapes you people of Ephraim gleaned are better than what we the descendants of Abiezer gathered from the whole harvest!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
516	8:2	i6yr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer?	Gideon and his army defeating the Medianites is spoken of as if it were a grape harvest. The people of Ephraim killing Oreb and Zeeb at the end of the battle is spoken of as if they were gleaning grapes at the end of the harvest. Alternate translation: “What you people of Ephraim did at the end of the battle is more important than what we descendants of Abiezer did at the beginning.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
517	8:2	rr59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Abiezer	This is the name of one of Gideon’s ancestors. Gideon used his name to refer to Abiezer’s descendants and their land. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
518	8:3	x1xa		Oreb and Zeeb	See how you translated these names in Judges 7:25.
519	8:3	bi55	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What have I accomplished compared to you?	Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have done is more important than what I have done.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
520	8:3	riv2		died down	Alternate translation: “became less”
521	8:4	f6yp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	the three hundred men	“the 300 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
522	8:4	s9yv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	kept up the pursuit	The word “pursuit,” an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “continued to chase their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
523	8:5	zt2q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zebah and Zalmunna	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
524	8:6	l71p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand?	The leaders use a question to emphasize that the Israelites have not yet captured Zebah and Zalumnna. Alternate translation: “You have not captured Zebah and Zalmunna yet.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
525	8:6	aw3g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna	Here “hands” refer to the whole body. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
526	8:6	bn4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	now in your hand	Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
527	8:6	k3em	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why should we give bread to your army?	The leaders use a question to emphasize that they have no reason to give bread to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “We see no reason to give bread to your army.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
528	8:7	gwp6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I will tear your skin with the desert thorns and briers	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will make whips out of desert thorns and briers and use them to beat you and cut you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
529	8:7	j77m		thorns and briers	sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals
530	8:8	bi3x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	He went up from there	Here “He” refers to Gideon. Gideon represents himself and the soldiers following him. Alternate translation: “They left there” or “Gideon and his 300 men left there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
531	8:8	ikw7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Peniel	The name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
532	8:8	ak91	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	spoke to the people there in the same way	You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “asked for food there in the same way” or “he also asked them for food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
533	8:9	y4qf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	When I come again in peace	This is a polite way of referring to the defeat of his enemies. Alternate translation: “After I have completely defeated the Midian army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
534	8:9	nth4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	I will pull down this tower	Here “I” refers to Gideon and represents himself and his men. Alternate translation: “My men and I will pull down this tower” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
535	8:10	nfu6		Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
536	8:10	tli8		Zebah and Zalmunna	See how you translated these names in Judges 8:5.
537	8:10	vw38	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Karkor	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
538	8:10	bh2j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	fifteen thousand men	“15,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
539	8:10	p2iw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	had fallen	This is a polite way of referring to people who died in battle. Alternate translation: “had been killed” or “had died in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
540	8:10	j3dk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	120,000 men	“one hundred thousand men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
541	8:10	mz6t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	men who drew the sword	Here drawing the sword represents using the sword in battle. This could mean: (1) this phrase refers to soldiers who use swords in battle. Alternate translation: “swordsmen” or “men who fought with swords” or (2) this phrase refers to any soldiers. Alternate translation: “soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
542	8:11	t81p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Gideon went up	Here “Gideon” represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers went up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
543	8:11	y551	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	He defeated	Here “He” refers to Gideon and represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers defeated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
544	8:11	jbu9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nobah and Jogbehah	These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
545	8:12	dmu9		Zebah and Zalmunna	See how you translated these names in Judges 8:5.
546	8:12	if5y		panic	extreme fear or worry that makes someone unable to think or act normally
547	8:13	w2l7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the pass of Heres	This is the name of a road that passes between two mountains. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
548	8:14	a6z2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	questioned him	It can be stated explicitly what Gideon asked the young man. Alternate translation: “he asked him to identify all the names of the leaders in the town” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
549	8:14	l2rr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	seventy-seven officials	“77 officials” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
550	8:15	buj3		Zebah and Zalmunna	See how you translated these names in Judges 8:5.
551	8:15	bnf8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Have you already conquered Zebah and Zalmunna?	Gideon quotes the people of Succoth as using a question to mock him. Alternate translation: “You have not yet conquered Zebah and Zalmunna.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
552	8:16	ct8g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Gideon took & he punished	Here “Gideon” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers took … they punished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
553	8:16	vr3e		thorns and briers	These are sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals. See how you translated this in Judges 8:7.
554	8:17	dbh6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	he pulled	Gideon and his soldiers pulled. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers pulled” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
555	8:17	jg81		Peniel	Translate the name of this city as you did in Judges 8:8.
556	8:18	lav2		Zebah and Zalmunna	See how you translated these names in Judges 8:5.
557	8:18	gw8k		Tabor	Translate the name of this city as you did in Judges 4:6.
558	8:18	q1pd		As you are, so were they	Alternate translation: “They were just like you”
559	8:19	jb1y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	As Yahweh lives	This idiom is a religious oath used for emphasis that what he is about to say is true. Alternate translation: “I promise you that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
560	8:20	xg9f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jether	This is the name of Gideon’s son. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
561	8:21	p21p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	For as the man is, so is his strength	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “It is a job for a man to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
562	8:21	lzn1		crescent	This is a curved shape with two points. This shape occurs when the moon is mostly covered in shadow.
563	8:21	eu98		ornaments	decorations
564	8:22	n3hy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	out of the hand of Midian	Here “hand” represents the power of Midian over Israel. Alternate translation: “from the power of Midian” or “from Midian” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
565	8:22	zz2f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	of Midian	Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
566	8:24	va81		Gideon said to them	Alternate translation: “Gideon said to the men of Israel”
567	8:24	qb9s		earrings	jewelry worn on the ear
568	8:24	e5zj		plunder	things stolen by force or taken off of people killed in war
569	8:24	c2b3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	The Midianites had golden earrings because they were Ishmaelites	Here the narrator tells background information about the Midianites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
570	8:25	ark2		cloak	clothing made from a large piece of fabric and worn over the shoulders as a coat
571	8:26	z8qb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	1,700 shekels of gold	“one thousand seven hundred shekels of gold.” If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “18.7 kilograms of gold” or “about 20 kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
572	8:26	w5mz		crescent ornaments	See how you translated this in Judges 8:21.
573	8:26	rc47		pendants	pieces of jewelry that hang at the end of the chains or cords of necklaces
574	8:26	z7ld	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	that was worn by the kings of Midian	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the kings of Midian wore” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
575	8:27	awh9		Gideon made an ephod out of the earrings	Alternate translation: “Gideon used the gold from the earrings to make an ephod”
576	8:27	tir6		Ophrah	Translate the name of this city as you did in Judges 6:11.
577	8:27	tyw2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	all Israel prostituted themselves by worshiping it there	This speaks of worshiping a false god as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “the Israelites sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the ephod there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
578	8:27	j6ye	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	all Israel	Here “all” is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many worshiped the garment. Alternate translation: “very many people in Israel worshiped the garment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
579	8:27	bbx3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	It became a trap for Gideon and for those in his house	This speaks of Gideon and his family being tempted to worship the ephod as if the ephod were a hunter’s snare that would trap them. Alternate translation: “It became a temptation for Gideon and his family” or “Gideon and his family sinned by worshiping it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
580	8:27	i29y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for those in his house	Here “his house” represents Gideon’s family. Alternate translation: “for his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
581	8:28	wui8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	So Midian was subdued before the people of Israel	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh subdued the Midianites before the people of Israel” or “So Yahweh helped the Israelites defeat the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
582	8:28	u2ar	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	they did not raise their heads up again	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they did not attack Israel again” (See:[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
583	8:28	un4l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	So the land had peace	Here “land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “So the Israelites lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
584	8:28	mw8q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	forty years	“40 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
585	8:28	z3zj		in the days of Gideon	Alternate translation: “during the life of Gideon”
586	8:29	z3sb		Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in Judges 6:32.
587	8:30	m14n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	seventy sons	“70 sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
588	8:32	i3jl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	a good old age	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when he was very old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
589	8:32	w8yg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	was buried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
590	8:32	aen4		Ophrah	Translate the name of this city as you did in Judges 6:11.
591	8:32	pc1f		the clan of Abiezer	Translate the name of this people group as you did in Judges 6:11.
592	8:33	be44		It came about	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
593	8:33	l1r2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	turned again	The people rejecting Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically turned away from him. Alternate translation: “they stopped worshiping Yahwheh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
594	8:33	gh13	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	prostituted themselves by worshiping the Baals	This speaks of worshiping false gods as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “they sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the Baals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
595	8:33	ce8s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Baal-Berith	This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
596	8:34	k1h5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from the hand of all their enemies	Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of all their enemies” or “from all their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
597	8:34	lqk5		on every side	Alternate translation: “who surrounded them”
598	8:35	svf8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of Jerub Baal	Here “the house of” represents a person’s family. Alternate translation: “the family of Jerub Baal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
599	8:35	w3k3		Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in Judges 6:32.
600	9:intro	zl19			Judges 9 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Jotham’s curse Gideon’s son, Abimelech, killed all of his brothers except Jotham in order to become king of Shechem. Jotham cursed Abimelech for having murdered Gideon’s other sons. “Let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem and the house of Millo. Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech.” (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Tree metaphor This chapter contains an extended metaphor about trees. This metaphor functions as a parable instructing Israel about their sinful desire to have a king. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
601	9:1	cb58		Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in Judges 6:32.
602	9:2	gfl5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	Please say this, so that all the leaders in Shechem may hear, ‘Which is better for you, that all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over you, or that just one rule over you?’	This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Please ask the leaders of Shechem if they would rather have all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over them, or if they would rather have just one of his sons rule over them.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
603	9:2	lpf2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	seventy	“70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
604	9:2	e38y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I am your bone and your flesh	Here “your bone and your flesh” represents being someone’s relative. Alternate translation: “I am a member of your family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
605	9:3	ie29		His mother’s relatives spoke for him to the leaders	This means that the relatives of the mother of Abimelech spoke to the leaders, suggesting that they make Abimelech their king.
606	9:3	ubh9		they agreed to follow Abimelech	Alternate translation: “they agreed to let Abimelech be their leader”
607	9:4	yf44	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house	Here “house” represents a temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
608	9:4	yf3w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	seventy pieces of silver	This means seventy shekels of silver. A shekel weighs 11 grams. If it is necessary to translate this with modern measurements, you can translate it like this. Alternate translation: “almost one kilo of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
609	9:4	v8x5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	seventy	“70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
610	9:4	g7i4		Baal-Berith	This is the name of a false god. See how you translated it in Judges 8:33.
611	9:4	mi77		worthless and reckless	Alternate translation: “violent and foolish”
612	9:5	c56j		Ophrah	Translate the name of this city as you did in Judges 6:11.
613	9:5	jer7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	one stone	“1 stone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
614	9:5	gnp3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	seventy	“70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
615	9:5	ilv2		Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in Judges 6:32.
616	9:6	up6d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beth Millo	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
617	9:7	d3ws	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	General Information:	General Information: Jotham begins telling a parable in which the trees try to find someone to rule them. The trees represent the Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
618	9:7	ksz5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	When Jotham was told about this	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When Jotham heard that Abimelech had murdered his brothers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
619	9:7	z9vx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mount Gerizim	This is a mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
620	9:8	p19p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	The trees once went out to anoint a king over them. For they said to the olive tree, ‘Reign over us.’	In this parable Jotham describes the trees doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
621	9:8	x1ky	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	to anoint a king over them	Here, to anoint with oil is a symbolic action that represents appointing a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint a king to rule over all of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
622	9:8	ai6t		Reign over us	Alternate translation: “Be our king”
623	9:9	q6h3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Should I give up my abundance & over the other trees?	The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my abundance … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
624	9:9	v5cc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	abundance	This word for “wealth” is a metonym for the olives that come from the tree. People ate olives as food and crushed them to make oil for lamps. Alternate translation: “oil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
625	9:9	b42t		by which gods and men are honored	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “by which people honor both gods and other men”
626	9:9	ctc8		gods	It is possible to translate the same Hebrew word as “god,” “God,” or “gods,” so this could mean: (1) “gods” or (2) “God.”
627	9:9	a9cy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	sway over	To sway is to move back and forth. Trees sway when the wind blows them. Here this is a metaphor for ruling over people. Jotham is also using irony, saying that the work of any ruler will be useless because the “trees,” the people, will not obey anyone who rules them. Alternate translation: “rule over” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
628	9:11	df3r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	the fig tree said to them	Jotham continues describing the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
629	9:11	bi3f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Should I give up my sweetness & over the other trees?	The fig tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my sweetness … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
630	9:11	jkz5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	my sweetness and my good fruit	The word “sweetness” is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective that describes the fruit that grows on the tree. Alternate translation: “my good sweet fruit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
631	9:12	m2h3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	The trees said to the vine	In this parable, Jotham describes the trees and the vine as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
632	9:13	i2y3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Should I give up my new wine & over the other trees?	The vine is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my new wine … over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
633	9:14	mp3a		thornbush	Thorns are sharp spikes or spurs that hurt. This bush has many sharp spikes along its branches.
634	9:15	g1p2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	The thornbush said to the trees	In this parable, Jotham describes the thornbush and the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
635	9:15	zea8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	to anoint me as king over you	To anoint someone with oil is a symbolic action that appoints a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint me as your king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
636	9:15	cm8a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	find safety	The word “safety” is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
637	9:15	hvs5		fire come out of the thornbush and let it burn up the cedars of Lebanon	This means to let the thornbush burn so that it will burn the cedars.
638	9:15	xn44	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	then let fire come out of the thornbush	The thornbush refers to itself as “the thornbush.” Alternate translation: “then may fire come out from me, the thornbush” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
639	9:16	ayq2		Now	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
640	9:16	y7g3		Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in Judges 6:32.
641	9:16	nu7n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his house	Here “house” represents Gideon’s family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
642	9:17	x8ae		General Information:	General Information: Jotham makes the application to the situation at that time and place.
643	9:17	fpm7		to think that my father fought for you & out of the hand of Midian	Here Jotham is expressing that he cannot believe how badly the people of Shechem have treated Gideon and his family even after Gideon fought to save the people of Shechem.
644	9:17	kqc3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	out of the hand of Midian	Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of the Midianites” or “from the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
645	9:18	cr5w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	you have risen up against	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have opposed” or “you have rebelled against” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
646	9:18	i5zw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my father’s house	Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “my father’s family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
647	9:18	yy47	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	seventy	“70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
648	9:18	ym97	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	one stone	“1 stone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
649	9:18	c154		his female servant	Here “his” refers to Gideon.
650	9:19	cwl5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	If you acted with honesty and integrity with Jerub Baal and his house	Jotham offered the possibility that what they did was good, but Jotham does not actually believe what they did was good. Alternate translation: “If you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they deserved to be treated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
651	9:19	re1x		Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” See how you translated this in Judges 6:32.
652	9:19	r5ce	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his house	Here “house” refers to family. Alternate translation: “his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
653	9:20	rv9v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	But if not	Jotham offered the opposite possibility that what they did was evil and applied a curse. Jotham does believe what they did was evil. Alternate translation: “But if you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they did not deserve to be treated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
654	9:20	g8i6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem	Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of Abimelech destroying the people of Shechem as if he would burn them with fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
655	9:20	ibq3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech	Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of the people of Shechem and Beth Millo destroying Abimelech as if they would burn him with fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
656	9:20	iey1		Beth Millo	This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in Judges 9:6.
657	9:21	pan4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beer	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
658	9:23	bv9r		God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem	This means that God applied the curse Jotham made by sending an evil spirit to cause trouble and animosity between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem.
659	9:24	xf1e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	God did this so the violence done & helped him murder his brothers	The passive phrases can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did this to avenge the seventy sons whom Abimelech their brother murdered and the men of Shechem helped murder” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
660	9:24	cb41	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	seventy	“70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
661	9:24	b1g1		Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in Judges 6:32.
662	9:25	b7tx		positioned men to lie in wait on the hilltops that they might ambush him	Alternate translation: “sent men to hide on the hilltops and wait to attack Abimelech”
663	9:25	pd3x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This was reported to Abimelech	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech about the men waiting to attack him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
664	9:26	r2ue	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gaal & Ebed	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
665	9:26	mv9b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	had confidence in him	The word “confidence” is an abstract noun that can be stated with the verb “trust.” Alternate translation: “trusted him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
666	9:27	i6sf		They went out into the field	Here “They” refers to Gaal and his relatives and the men of Shechem.
667	9:27	r8w9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	they trampled on them	They did this to squeeze out the grape juice to make wine with it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
668	9:27	c3x3		trampled	Alternate translation: “crushed” or “stomped”
669	9:27	d9l2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in the house	Here “house” represents a temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
670	9:28	yyy5		Gaal & Ebed	See how you translated these names in Judges 9:26.
671	9:28	w9hj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him?	Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
672	9:28	dfp7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him?	Both of these questions means the same thing. Gaal refers to Abimelech as “Shechem” because Abimelech’s mother was from Shechem. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech, that is, Shechem!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
673	9:28	a6ws	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is he not the son of Jerub Baal? Is Zebul not his officer?	Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “He is just the son of Jerub Baal, and Zebul is just his officer.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
674	9:28	p2s8		Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in Judges 6:32.
675	9:28	b36z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zebul	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
676	9:28	rq5n		Serve the men of Hamor, Shechem’s father	Gaal means the people of Shechem should serve those who descended from Hamor, that is, those who are truly Canaanites, and not serve someone whose father was an Israelite.
677	9:28	ju72	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why should we serve Abimelech?	Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
678	9:29	v1e2		I wish that this people were under my command	Alternate translation: “I wish that I ruled the people of Shechem”
679	9:30	qj5l		Zebul	See how you translated this name in Judges 9:28.
680	9:30	a53k		heard the words of Gaal son of Ebed	Alternate translation: “heard what Gaal son of Ebed said”
681	9:30	p2rs		Gaal & Ebed	See how you translated these names in Judges 9:26.
682	9:30	u13b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	his anger was kindled	Becoming angry is spoken of as if a fire were starting. Alternate translation: “he became very angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
683	9:30	lx8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the city	Here “city” represents the people of the city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
684	9:31	u898		in order to deceive	Zebul is deceiving Gaal and the people of Shechem. Alternate translation: “secretly”
685	9:31	gvg1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they are stirring up the city against you	This speaks of the people of the city becoming upset as if they were liquid in a pot moving around. Alternate translation: “they are persuading the people of the city to rebel against you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
686	9:32	yn4z		General Information:	General Information: Zebul’s messengers continue talking to Abimelech.
687	9:32	j18v		Now	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
688	9:32	mrh8		an ambush	Alternate translation: “to hide and attack them suddenly”
689	9:33	k1f3		do whatever you can to them	This means that they can do what they want to destroy the followers of Gaal.
690	9:34	be8t		all the men who were with him	Alternate translation: “all the men accompanying Abimelech” or “all the men fighting for Abimelech”
691	9:34	b14p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	dividing into four units	“separating into 4 groups” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
692	9:35	q22c		Gaal & Ebed	See how you translated these names in Judges 9:26.
693	9:36	v8bb		Gaal	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Judges 9:26.
694	9:36	vu4i		Zebul	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Judges 9:28.
695	9:36	gz9v		You are seeing the shadows on the hills like they are men	Zebul is trying to confuse Gaal and keep him from preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “That is not people, it is only shadows on the hills”
696	9:37	kmf8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	one unit	“1 group” or “1 troop” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
697	9:38	tqh1		Zebul	See how you translated this name in Judges 9:28.
698	9:38	qap7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Where are your proud words now, you	Zebul is scolding Gaal with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You are not speaking proudly now, you” or “You are not proud now, you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
699	9:38	fub2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	you who said, ‘Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?’	Zebul is quoting Gaal’s boast back to Gaal. This can be translated as a statement and as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “you who said that we should not serve Abimelech.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
700	9:38	qdj1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Are these not the men you despised?	Zebul is challenging Gaal with this rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Here are the men that you despised.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
701	9:38	u392		despised	strongly disliked or hated
702	9:39	h55i		Gaal	See how you translated this name in Judges 9:26.
703	9:40	p7lv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Many fell with deadly wounds	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “And many men died of wounds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
704	9:41	y21z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Arumah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
705	9:41	q5ep		Zebul	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Judges 9:28.
706	9:41	f6ud		Gaal	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Judges 9:26.
707	9:42	em2h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	this was reported to Abimelech	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone reported this to Abimelech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
708	9:43	rm73	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	divided them into three units	“separated them into 3 groups” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
709	9:43	e8ph		they set an ambush in the fields	Alternate translation: “they hid in the fields to attack the people by surprise”
710	9:43	l12e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	he attacked	Here “he” refers to Abimelech who represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “they attacked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
711	9:44	h6g9		the units	Alternate translation: “the groups of soldiers”
712	9:44	a246	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	other two	“other 2” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
713	9:45	e7uy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Abimelech fought & He tore down	Here “Abimelech” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Abimelech and his soldiers fought … They tore down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
714	9:45	ch7p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	against the city	Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “against the people of Shechem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
715	9:45	zi77		tore down	Alternate translation: “demolished”
716	9:45	t928	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	spread salt over it	“spread salt over the land.” Spreading salt over land keeps anything from growing there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
717	9:46	lty1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house	Here this represents a temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
718	9:46	kw6q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	El-Berith	The word “El” means “god.” This is the same false god as “Baal-Berith” in Judges 8:33. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
719	9:47	hnv1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Abimelech was told	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
720	9:48	h1s8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mount Zalmon	This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
721	9:49	thc7		piled	This means to stack the branches into a large heap.
722	9:49	f9xs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	about a thousand men	“about 1,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
723	9:50	jh8f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Thebez	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
724	9:50	nyj8		encamped against Thebez	Alternate translation: “camped outside the city of Thebez”
725	9:52	jgq2		fought against it	Alternate translation: “attacked it”
726	9:53	z9j6		upper millstone	Two large, flat, round stones were used to grind grain in a mill. An upper millstone was the top one that was rolled on the lower one to crush the grain in between them.
727	9:54	vm49		armor-bearer	This is the man who carried the weapons of Abimelech.
728	9:54	is1h		pierced him through	This means the young man put the sword right through the body of Abimelech.
729	9:56	h9fb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	seventy	“70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
730	9:57	fx65	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	made all the evil of the men of Shechem turn back on their own heads	“Evil turn back on their heads” here is an idiom. Alternate translation: “punished the men of Shechem for all the evil they had done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
731	9:57	hua1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	on them came the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal happened to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
732	9:57	q7dp		Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this name in Judges 6:32.
733	10:intro	zqn2			Judges 10 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter begins the account of Jephthah (Judges 10-12). Special concepts in this chapter Israel’s punishment In Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
734	10:1	g7ww	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tola & Puah & Dodo	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
735	10:1	ti4g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shamir	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
736	10:1	lxh7		arose to deliver Israel	Alternate translation: “came to deliver Israel” or “became the leader to deliver Israel”
737	10:1	i5f3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	deliver Israel	Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
738	10:2	m2fd		He judged Israel	Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
739	10:2	m93u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty-three years	“23 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
740	10:2	unp5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	was buried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
741	10:3	f3wi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	He was followed by Jair the Gileadite	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jair the Gileadite was leader after Tola” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
742	10:3	m9uk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jair	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
743	10:3	j6fm		the Gileadite	Jair was from the tribe of Gilead.
744	10:3	fmn8		He judged Israel	Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
745	10:3	d5gs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Israel	Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
746	10:3	ezp7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty-two years	“22 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
747	10:4	i1hv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	thirty sons	“30 sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
748	10:4	vb1y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Havvoth Jair	This is the name of a region, which is named after a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
749	10:4	h644		to this day	This means to the time when the book of Judges was being written.
750	10:5	t8ka	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	was buried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
751	10:5	s19j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kamon	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
752	10:6	lj2d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	added to the evil they had done in the sight of Yahweh	This speaks of evil as if it were an object that a person could add to and make bigger. Alternate translation: “continued doing what Yahweh said was evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
753	10:6	ki1z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “according to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
754	10:6	p7j4		Ashtoreths	This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. See how you translated this in Judges 2:13.
755	10:6	r515	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	They abandoned Yahweh and no longer worshiped him	The author basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. These can be combined. Alternate translation: “They completely stopped worshiping Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
756	10:6	p6q5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They abandoned Yahweh	No longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
757	10:7	zf61	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh burned with anger toward Israel	Yahweh becoming angry is spoken of as if anger were a burning fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was very angry at Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
758	10:7	f4v2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he sold them into the hand of the Philistines and into the hand of the Ammonites	Yahweh allowing the Philistines and the Ammonites to defeat the Israelites is spoken of as if he sold the Israelites to them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
759	10:7	aj5n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	into the hand	Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
760	10:8	psa9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	crushed and oppressed	These two words basically mean the same and emphasize how much the Israelites suffered. Alternate translation: “terribly oppressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
761	10:8	q2ml	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	eighteen years	“18 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
762	10:8	msz6		who were beyond the Jordan	This means on the east side of the Jordan River.
763	10:8	b5w4		which is in Gilead	Alternate translation: “this region is also called Gilead”
764	10:9	wq6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Judah & Benjamin	“Judah” and “Benjamin” refer to the people belonging to those tribes. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Judah … the people of the tribe of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
765	10:9	nt9c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	house of Ephraim	The “house” refers to the people of the tribe of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Ephraim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
766	10:9	gl3b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	so that Israel was greatly distressed	“Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “so that the people of Israel suffered much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
767	10:10	lda9		the people of Israel called out to Yahweh	This means the people of Israel desperately asked Yahweh for help.
768	10:10	b8t5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	because we abandoned our God	The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
769	10:10	t38a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	abandoned our God	The people are speaking to Yahweh and refer to him as “our God.” This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “abandoned you, our God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
770	10:12	lf73	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	and also from the Sidonians?	God is rebuking the people of Israel for their worship of other gods. The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Did I not deliver you” in verse 11 ends here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who delivered you … and also from the Sidonians.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
771	10:12	w39a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Maonites	These are the people from the clan or family of Maon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
772	10:12	e4ml	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from their power	Here “power” represents the Amalekites and the Maonites. Alternate translation: “from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
773	10:13	p759	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you abandoned me again	The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
774	10:13	zdy2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I will not keep adding to the times I deliver you	The phrase “keep adding to the times” is an idiom that means to continue to do something. You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Yahweh’s saying. Alternate translation: “I will not keep on delivering you again and again” or “You can be sure that I will stop delivering you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
775	10:16	i2l8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	foreign gods among them	You can make explicit the implicit meaning of this statement. Alternate translation: “foreign gods whose images they possessed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
776	10:16	m6hd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh could bear Israel’s misery no longer	Here Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh did not want the people of Israel to suffer any longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
777	10:18	j3k2		Who is the man who will begin to fight the Ammonites?	Alternate translation: “Who will lead our army to fight against the Ammonites?”
778	11:intro	q7si			Judges 11 General Notes Structure and formatting The account of Jephthah continues in this chapter. Special concepts in this chapter Jephthah the leader Jephthah was half Israelite and half Canaanite by birth. While all of the judges were called by Yahweh, it is the leaders who called Jephthah to help them, but Yahweh still used Jephthah to help them.
779	11:1	yk6s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gileadite	This is someone who is from the region of Gilead. It is a coincidence that his father’s name is also Gilead. See how you translated this in Judges 10:3. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
780	11:2	r35b		When his wife’s sons grew up	Alternate translation: “When the sons of Gilead’s wife became adults”
781	11:3	aw1r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the land of Tob	Tob is the name of a region. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
782	11:3	f5ze		they traveled with him	Alternate translation: “they followed him” or “they went everywhere together”
783	11:4	cn67		Some days later	Alternate translation: “Some time later”
784	11:4	s6ku	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	made war against Israel	The phrase “made war” is an idiom which means that they attacked Israel and were at war with them. Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “attacked the people of Israel” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
785	11:6	b37n		that we may fight with	Alternate translation: “so that we can fight against”
786	11:7	f7vj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my father’s house	Here “house” refers to people living in the house. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
787	11:8	ph3x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	That is why we are turning to you now	The word “that” refers to what Jephthah said about them being in trouble. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “We are turning to you now because we are in trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
788	11:8	uem9		fight with the people of Ammon	Alternate translation: “fight against the people of Ammon”
789	11:11	hf4c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	leader and commander	These two words basically have the same meaning repeated to emphasize how important Jephthah had became. You can combine the two words. Alternate translation: “commander” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
790	11:11	v6uq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	When he was before Yahweh in Mizpah, Jephthah repeated all the promises he made	This is an idiom. Here the phrase “before Yahwheh” means that he repeated his promises as a vow before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When Jephthah was in Mizpah he repeated all of these promises as a vow before Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
791	11:11	w6mk		all the promises he made	This refers to the promises he made to the leaders of Gilead about becoming their leader.
792	11:12	ybt9		What is this conflict between us	“Why is there conflict between us?” Jephthah is asking the king why they are angry with Israel.
793	11:12	su7k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Why have you come with force to take our land	The word “you” refers to the King of Ammon and represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Why have your soldiers come to seize our land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
794	11:12	hwk4		come with force to take	Alternate translation: “come to forcefully take”
795	11:13	qdz6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Arnon & Jabbok	These are the names of two rivers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
796	11:13	ps71		over to the Jordan	Alternate translation: “on the other side of the Jordan River”
797	11:13	tsw4		in peace	Alternate translation: “peacefully” or “and do not try to defend them”
798	11:15	i4ns	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he said	Here the word “he” refers to the messenger who was speaking to the king. This may be written with the word “they” as in the UST, referring to the group of messengers. Alternate translation: “Jephthah told the messengers to say” or “they said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
799	11:16	e7sj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	they came up from Egypt	Whenever people traveled to the promised land it is referred to as going “up” to the promised land. When the Israelites left Egypt they were on their way to the promised land. Alternate translation: “they left Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
800	11:17	je4p		General Information:	General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
801	11:17	tn6f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	When Israel sent messengers	The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
802	11:17	kl4c		pass through	Alternate translation: “go through” or “cross”
803	11:17	v8aa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	would not listen	This phrase is an idiom that means to “refuse.” Alternate translation: “refused” or “denied their request” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
804	11:17	q2mz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	They also sent messengers to the king of Moab	The reason that Israel sent messengers to the king of Moab can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “They also send messengers to the king of Moab with the same request” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
805	11:17	x2ue	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	but he refused	The king of Moab refused Israel’s request to pass through Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “but he also refused and would not let them pass through the land of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
806	11:18	el82		Arnon	This is the name of a river. See how you translated this in Judges 11:13.
807	11:19	msq6		General Information:	General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
808	11:19	ur8x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Israel sent messengers to Sihon	The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
809	11:19	j2t5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Sihon	This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
810	11:19	pyu6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Heshbon	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
811	11:20	mn9x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jahaz	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
812	11:20	ew16	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	But Sihon did not trust Israel to pass through his territory	Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his land peacefully. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his territory peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
813	11:20	d9ga	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	there he fought	The word “he” refers to Sihon and represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “there they fought” or “there his army fought” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
814	11:21	sf5x		General Information:	General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
815	11:21	fsk6		Sihon	See how you translated this man’s name in Judges 11:19.
816	11:21	vp7w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	gave Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel	Here “hand” refers to power to defeat in battle. Alternate translation: “gave Israel power over Sihon and all his people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
817	11:22	ce2e		Arnon & Jabbok	See how you translated the names of these rivers in Judges 11:13.
818	11:23	v22e		General Information:	General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
819	11:23	ru3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	should you now take possession of their land?	Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with this rhetorical question. The word “their” refers to the Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, you should not take possession of their land.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
820	11:24	nr59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will you not take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you?	Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should only take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
821	11:24	bcm5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	take over	This is an idiom which means to take control of something. Alternate translation: “take control of” or “take possession of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
822	11:24	z3zh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Chemosh	This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
823	11:25	wln3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Now are you really better than Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab?	Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not better than Balak son of Zippor, who was king of Moab.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
824	11:25	fk7m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Balak & Zippor	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
825	11:25	giw3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Did he dare to have an argument with Israel?	Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Yet he did not dare to have an argument with Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
826	11:25	k8y5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Did he ever wage war against them?	Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Nor did he ever wage war against them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
827	11:26	pty2		General Information:	General Information: Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
828	11:26	t5g4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	three hundred years	“300 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
829	11:26	pu9w		Heshbon	Translate the name of this city the same way that you did in Judges 11:19.
830	11:26	c2xi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Aroer	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
831	11:26	h61t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	why then did you not take them back during that time?	Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should have taken them back during that time.” or “now it is too late; you should have taken them back long ago.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
832	11:27	aei3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	I have not done you wrong, but you are doing me wrong by attacking me	Jephthah is speaking to the Sihon. Here Jephthah speaks about the Israelites as though they were himself and of the Ammonites as if they were Sihon their king. Alternate translation: “The Israelites have not done wrong to your people, but your people are doing us wrong by attacking us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
833	11:27	n4fk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	done you wrong & doing me wrong	This is an idiom. To do someone wrong means to do something wrong to them. Alternate translation: “treated you wrongly … treating me wrongly” or “treated you unfairly … treating me unfairly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
834	11:29	p2lw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the Spirit of Yahweh came on Jephthah	This is an idiom which means that the Spirit influenced Jephthah’s decisions. Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh took control of Jephthah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
835	11:29	dq1c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he passed through Gilead and Manasseh & from Mizpah of Gilead	Jephthah passed through these places enlisting men for his army to go to war with the people of Ammon. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “he gathered men for his army as he passed through Gilead and Manasseh … from Mizpah of Gilead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
836	11:31	kh4e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I will offer it up	This is an idiom which means to give something as an offering. Alternate translation: “I will offer it to you” or “I will sacrifice it to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
837	11:32	wr1n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	So Jephthah passed through & Yahweh gave him victory	Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself. Alternate translation: “So Jephthah and his army passed through … Yahweh gave them victory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
838	11:33	rt2j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	He attacked	Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself (verse 32). Alternate translation: “they attacked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
839	11:33	dl1t		Aroer	Translate the name of this city the same way you did in Judges 11:26.
840	11:33	pfq6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Minnith & Abel Keramim	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
841	11:33	i18j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty cities	“including 20 cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
842	11:34	ng9v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	tambourines	musical instruments with heads like drums that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
843	11:35	md3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	he tore his clothes	This is an act that shows mourning or great sadness. Alternate translation: “he tore his clothes from grief” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
844	11:35	puu2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	You have crushed me with sorrow & you have become one who causes me pain	Jephthah said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that he was very sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
845	11:35	qi6c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You have crushed me with sorrow	Here Jephthah speaks of his great sorrow as something that crushes him. Alternate translation: “You have caused me great sorrow” or “You have filled me with sorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
846	11:35	dvs5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you have become one who causes me pain	Here Jephthah talks about his great distress and trouble as if it were pain. Alternate translation: “you have become someone who troubles me” or “you cause me great distress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
847	11:35	gvy5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I cannot turn back on my promise	This is an idiom. To turn back on a promise means to not do what you have promised to do. Alternate translation: “I must do what I have promised” or “I cannot break my promise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
848	11:36	e6gu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites	Yahweh has taken vengence for him by defeating his enemies. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites, by defeating them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
849	11:37	hj6q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Let this promise be kept for me	This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “Keep this promise for me” or “Keep this promise concerning me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
850	11:37	dh7s		grieve over my virginity	Alternate translation: “weep because I am a virgin” or “cry because I will never be married”
851	11:39	n4my	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	had never known a man	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “had never had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
852	11:40	s739		the Gileadite	This refers to someone from Gilead. See how you translated this in Judges 10:3.
853	12:intro	p8zn			Judges 12 General Notes Structure and formatting The account of Jephthah concludes in this chapter. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Shibboleth This is a word in Hebrew. Its importance in this chapter is because of its sounds, not its meaning. The translator should not translate the meaning of this word, but should transliterate or transfer it into the target language by substituting letters that have the same sounds. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
854	12:1	mp3k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	A call went out to the men of Ephraim	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word call, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The men of Ephraim were called together” or “The men … of Ephraim called together their soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
855	12:1	ubq3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zaphon	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
856	12:1	hh1l		passed through & pass through	or “traveled through … travel” or “journeyed through … journey”
857	12:1	lt7l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	We will burn your house down over you	This idiom means to burn down a house with people inside it. Alternate translation: “We will burn your house down with you still in it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
858	12:2	fsb1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	When I called you, you	Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
859	12:2	nxf4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	did not rescue me	Jephthah uses the word “me” to refer to himself and all the people of Gilead. Alternate translation: “do not rescue us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
860	12:3	s3v2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	you did not rescue me	The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “you did not rescue us” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
861	12:3	zev7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I put my life in my own hand	This is an idiom which means to risk one’s life and to rely only on one’s own strength. Jephthah continues to refer to the people of Gilead as himself. Alternate translation: “We risked our lives, relying on our own strength” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
862	12:3	u5y7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh gave me victory	Jephthah is referring to Yahweh giving the men of Gilead victory over the Ammonites. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave us victory over them” or “Yahweh allowed us to defeat them in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
863	12:3	uje8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Why have you come to fight against me	The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “Why have you come to fight against us” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
864	12:3	nt4r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	passed through against the people of Ammon	This means that they fought against the Ammonites as they passed through Ammon. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Ammon as we passed through their region” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
865	12:4	by47	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	he fought against Ephraim	The word “he” refers to Jephthah and all the fighting men of Gilead. Alternate translation: “they fought against Ephraim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
866	12:4	y6zx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	You Gileadites are fugitives	You can make the meaning of this insult explicit. Alternate translation: “You Gileadites do not really belong here. You are just people who came here to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
867	12:4	p9f2		Gileadites	people from Gilead
868	12:4	h3vl		in Ephraim—in Ephraim and Manasseh	“in the regions of Ephraim and Manasseh” or “in the land of Ephraim and Manasseh.” Here “Ephraim” and “Manasseh” refer to regions and are named after the tribes which live there.
869	12:5	dcy5		to Ephraim	Alternate translation: “to the land of Ephraim”
870	12:5	f8sh		The Gileadites captured	Alternate translation: “The Gileadites controlled” or “The Gileadites occupied”
871	12:5	yc1p		fords	These are places where you can cross the river on foot because the water is shallow.
872	12:5	w1cc		Ephraimite	person from the tribe of Ephraim
873	12:6	cee8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate	Shibboleth & Sibboleth	These words have no meaning. Copy these words into your language, and make sure that the beginning of the words, that is the letters “Sh” and “S” are translated differently. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
874	12:6	uc7k		pronounce the word	Alternate translation: “make the sound of the word”
875	12:6	d82p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	Forty-two thousand	“42,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
876	12:6	c2bb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Forty-two thousand Ephraimites were killed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They killed forty-two thousand Ephraimites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
877	12:7	v8rv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Jephthah the Gileadite died and was buried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jephthah the Gileadite died and they buried him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
878	12:8	ha85	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ibzan of Bethlehem	This is the name of a man from Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
879	12:9	d515	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	He gave away thirty daughters in marriage	Here “give away … in marriage” is an idiom which means that he allowed his daughters to get married. Alternate translation: “He had thirty daughters and arranged a marriage for each of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
880	12:9	r2m9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	he brought in thirty daughters of other men for his sons, from the outside	The idiom “bring them in from the outside” means that he had women from other clans marry his sons. Alternate translation: “he arranged for thirty daughters of other men from outside of his clan to marry his sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
881	12:10	jbg6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	was buried at Bethlehem	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Bethlehem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
882	12:11	k8nx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Elon	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
883	12:11	jl6e		Zebulunite	someone from the tribe of Zebulun
884	12:12	dn79		Aijalon	Translate the name of this place the same way you did in Judges 1:35.
885	12:12	dzh4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	was buried in Aijalon	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Aijalon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
886	12:13	x9gz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abdon & Hillel	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
887	12:13	z3n6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Pirathon	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
888	12:14	n7k2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	They rode on seventy donkeys	These men owned seventy donkeys, which they did ride. Here the word “rode” is used instead of “owned.” Alternate translation: “They owned seventy donkeys” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
889	12:14	ua8s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	forty sons & thirty grandsons & seventy donkeys	“40 sons … 30 grandsons … 70 donkeys (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
890	12:15	wqm2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Pirathonite & Pirathon	Pirathon is the name of a place, someone who is from that place is called a Pirathonite. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
891	13:intro	eu67			Judges 13 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter begins the account of Samson (Judges 13-16). Special concepts in this chapter Warning not to cut his hair The angel of the Lord prophesied about Samson and gave instructions to Samson’s mother. Samson’s mother was to offer up her son under a Nazarite vow. This was a special type of vow, dedicating Samson to Yahweh. Part of this vow prohibited the cutting of the person’s hair. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])
892	13:1	acr5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in Judges 2:11. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
893	13:1	g29r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he gave them into the hand of the Philistines	Here “hand” refers to power to gain victory in battle. Alternate translation: “he allowed the Philistines to defeat them” or “he allowed them to be oppressed by the Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
894	13:1	jxd2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	forty years	“40 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
895	13:2	y3dj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zorah	This was the name of a town in Israel. It was in the region of Judah near the border of Dan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
896	13:2	l3wl		Danites	people from the tribe of Dan
897	13:2	v9vw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Manoah	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
898	13:3	a36u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	give birth to a son	This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
899	13:4	nfl8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	anything unclean	Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
900	13:5	q3p1		Look	Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
901	13:5	wb3h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	No razor will be used upon his head	Here the word “head” refers to his hair. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one should ever cut his hair” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
902	13:5	lb1d		razor	a sharp knife used to cut hair close to the skin
903	13:5	vq8h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	a Nazirite to God	This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
904	13:5	zui7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from the womb	Here the word “womb” refers to the time before the child is born. Alternate translation: “from before he is born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
905	13:5	am6s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hand of the Philistines	Here the word “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “the control of the Philistines” or “being under the Philistine’s control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
906	13:6	djg9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	A man of God	This means that the man was sent by God. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “A man that God sent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
907	13:6	w3z3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	his appearance was like that of an angel of God, very terrible	Here “terrible” means “frightening.” Alternate translation: “I was very afraid of him because he looked like an angel of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
908	13:7	n53c		Look	Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen”
909	13:7	p1sr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	give birth to a son	This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
910	13:7	s1qy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	any food that the law declares to be unclean	Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
911	13:7	pd9a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	a Nazirite to God	This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated this in Judges 3:5. Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
912	13:7	xct1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	from the time he is in your womb until the day of his death	This emphasizes that it would be for his entire life. Alternate translation: “all his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
913	13:8	nb4i		Manoah	See how you translated this man’s name in Judges 13:2.
914	13:9	m96n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	came to the woman	You can make explicit the implicit meaning of the author’s words. Alternate translation: “came to Manoah’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
915	13:10	me6y		Look	Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
916	13:10	snn4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The man	This refers to the angel of God in Judges 13:3. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the man of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
917	13:12	gti5		your words	Alternate translation: “what you have said”
918	13:14	u67r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	anything that comes from the vines	Here the angel refers to any food that grow on a vine as “coming” from the vine. Alternate translation: “anything that grows on a vine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
919	13:14	f8vu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	unclean	Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this phrase in Judges 13:7. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
920	13:15	aw65	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	prepare a young goat for you	You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Manoah’s statement. Alternate translation: “cook a young goat for you to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
921	13:17	ut4y		your words come true	Alternate translation: “what you have said comes true”
922	13:18	dsd7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why do you ask my name?	The angel asks this question as a rebuke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not ask me what my name is.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
923	13:18	rr96	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is wonderful	It may be helpful to explain more explicitly why they should not ask his name. Alternate translation: “It is too wonderful for you to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
924	13:19	lw91	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	with the grain offering	This law requires a grain offering to be offered when a burnt offering is made. Alternate translation: “with the grain offering required with it” or “with the grain offering to accompany it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
925	13:19	d2km		on the rock	“on the altar.” The altar Manoah sacrificed the offering on was a rock.
926	13:19	pqv4		He did something	Alternate translation: “The angel did something”
927	13:20	s8h8		the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar	Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh went back up into heaven through the flames on the altar”
928	13:20	g2fz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	lay facedown on the ground	“lay with their faces to the ground.” This is a sign of respect and honor, but it also shows their fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
929	13:21	yi5q		that he was the angel of Yahweh	The word “he” refers to the man who Manoah and his wife had seen.
930	13:22	f9uz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	We are sure to die, because we have seen God	It is implied that they think God will cause them to die. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “God will cause us to die because we have seen him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
931	13:23	u22x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	He would not have shown us all these things, nor at this time would he have let us hear such things	Manoah’s wife said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “He would not have told us what he wanted us to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
932	13:24	n565		the woman	Alternate translation: “Manoah’s wife”
933	13:24	lz2q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	gave birth to a son	This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bore a son” or “had a baby boy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
934	13:24	ht9i		grew up	Alternate translation: “became an adult” or “matured”
935	13:25	hmc1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh’s Spirit began to stir him	Here the way Yahweh’s Spirit influences Samson is compared to the way a spoon stirs food in a pot. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s Spirit began to influence Samson” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
936	13:25	wnc2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mahaneh Dan & Eshtaol	Mahaneh Dan is the name of a temporary camp that the tribe of Dan lived in while they looked for a permanent home. Eshtaol is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
937	13:25	x4d3		Zorah	Translate the name of this town the same way you did in Judges 13:2.
938	14:intro	cl2d			Judges 14 General Notes Structure and formatting The account of Samson continues in this chapter. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:14, 18. Special concepts in this chapter Intermarriage It was considered sinful for an Israel to marry a Canaanite or anyone from a different people group. This is why Samson’s parents did not want him to marry a Philistine woman. They use rhetorical questions to convince him that he is sinning. This woman caused Samson many problems. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
939	14:1	bwa3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Samson went down to Timnah	The phrase “went down” is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father’s house was. Timah is the name of a city in the Sorek Valley. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
940	14:1	u7xb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	one of the daughters of the Philistines	The word “daughter” is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: “one of the unmarried women among the Philistine people” or “a Philistine girl” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
941	14:2	b9h1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Now get her for me to be my wife	This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman’s parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to become my wife” or “Make the arrangements for me to marry her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
942	14:3	lcb9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people?	They ask this question to suggest that they could find Samson a wife among their own people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely there are women among your people whom you could marry.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
943	14:3	x278	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	the daughters of your relatives	The word “daughter” is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: “one of the unmarried women among your relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
944	14:3	wj22	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines?	This question is asked to rebuke Samson. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind this questionas a statement. you could make explicit the reason his parents do not want him to marry a Philistine. Alternate translation: “You really should not marry a Philistine woman because the Philistine people do not worship Yahweh.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
945	14:3	srv6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Get her for me	This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman’s parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to be my wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
946	14:3	r62c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	she pleases me	This means that Samson thinks she is beautiful. “I am pleased by how beautiful she is” or “she is beautiful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
947	14:4	ubq9		this matter	This refers to Samson’s request to marry the Philistine woman.
948	14:4	k7hy		for he desired to create a conflict	The word “he” refers to Yahweh.
949	14:5	d4lt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Samson went down to Timnah	The phrase “went down” is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father’s house was. Timnah was a city in the Sorek Valley. Translate the name of this city the same way you did in Judges 14:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
950	14:5	ty9r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	And, look, there one of the young lions came up	Here the word “look” is used to draw the readers attention to a surprising event that happens in the story. The phrase “came up” means that the lion came near him. Alternate translation: “Suddenly, a young lion came near him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
951	14:5	szi7		was roaring at him	“threatened him.” This is the kind of noise that a lion makes when it threatens to attack something.
952	14:6	m9m5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh’s Spirit suddenly came on him	The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s Spirit made him very strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
953	14:6	ryx9		tore & apart	tore into two pieces
954	14:6	t92d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	had nothing in his hand	Here it states that he had nothing in his hand to emphasize that he was not holding a weapon. Alternate translation: “did not have a weapon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
955	14:7	s2mj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	she pleased Samson	This means that he thought she was very beautiful. Alternate translation: “he was pleased by how beautiful she was” or “he thought she was very beautiful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
956	14:8	d5v9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	he turned aside	This means that he left his path to do something. Alternate translation: “he left the path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
957	14:8	ude7		carcass	dead body
958	14:8	um8z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	And, look, there was a swarm of bees	Here the word “look” is used to draw the reader’s attention to something surprising that happens in the story. Alternate translation: “He found a swarm of bees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
959	14:8	y8ha		swarm	large group of insects
960	14:9	u3ie		scraped up	Alternate translation: “gathered up”
961	14:10	cm3z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Samson’s father went down to where the woman was	The phrase “went down” is used to describe Timnah which is lower in elevation than where Samson’s father lives. Alternate translation: “Samson’s father went to where the woman lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
962	14:10	ugh2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the custom of the young men	It may be helpful to state that this was a marriage custom. Alternate translation: “the custom of young men who were getting married” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
963	14:11	ff89	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	thirty of their friends	“30 of their friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
964	14:12	kh6c		riddle	a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question
965	14:12	a8er	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	can find it out	This means to figure out the meaning of the riddle. Alternate translation: “can figure out its meaning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
966	14:12	fk4t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	thirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes	“30 linen robes and 30 sets of clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
967	14:12	ze1u		linen	a type of cloth
968	14:13	yu1y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	But if you cannot tell me	Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the guests at the feast. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
969	14:14	z49r		General Information:	General Information: Samson tells his riddle. Since it is supposed to be hard to understand, do not translate it in a way that people will immediately know what it means.
970	14:14	j8sv		Out of the eater was something to eat	Alternate translation: “Out of the eater came something to eat” or “Something to eat came out of something that eats”
971	14:14	mcm3		the eater	The noun “eater” can be expressed as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the thing that eats”
972	14:14	hsz9		out of the strong was something sweet	Alternate translation: “out of the strong came something sweet” or “Something that is sweet came out of something that is strong”
973	14:14	ck4e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the strong	This refers to something that is strong. Alternate translation: “the strong thing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
974	14:14	bdu6		his guests	Alternate translation: “the men at his feast”
975	14:14	mf31	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	could not find the answer	Here figuring out the answer to the riddle is spoke of as if it were something hidden that the guest had to search for and find. Alternate translation: “could not figure out the answer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
976	14:15	wrs2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	the fourth day	“day 4” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
977	14:15	w5dc		Trick	mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do
978	14:15	jx5r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	your father’s house	This could mean: (1) this refers to the actual house. Alternate translation: “the house your father and his family live in” or (2) “house” refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “your family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
979	14:15	t8sh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	will burn up	The phrase “burn up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burnt up,” it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
980	14:15	si25	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Did you invite us here in order to make us poor?	They ask her this question to accuse her of doing evil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have brought us here to make us poor!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
981	14:15	sg4i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	to make us poor	They would become poor if they had to buy him new clothes if they could not solve the riddle. Alternate translation: “to make us poor by forcing us to buy him new clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
982	14:16	hr3k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	All you do is hate me! You do not love me	Samson’s wife basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You do not really love me at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
983	14:16	d72a		riddle	a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question
984	14:16	j4gp		Look here	This is used to get someones attention. Here “look” means to “listen.” Alternate translation: “Listen to me” or “Pay attention to what I am about to say”
985	14:16	zq8z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you?	Samson was rebuking her for demanding that he tell her the answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have not even told my father or mother. I will not tell you.” or “you should not demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
986	14:17	ejm7		during the seven days that their feast lasted	This could mean: (1) “during the seven days of their feast” or (2) “during the rest of the seven days of their feast.”
987	14:17	rfq6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	the seventh day	“day 7” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
988	14:17	xid1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	she pressured him very much	Here the word “pressured” means “urged.” Alternate translation: “she kept urging him to tell her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
989	14:18	ui6t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the men of the city	This refers to Samson’s wife’s relatives. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the young men” or “her relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
990	14:18	mq6y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	the seventh day	“day 7” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
991	14:18	vi1z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion?	This is the answer to the riddle. It may be written as a statement instead of as questions. If necessary it could be made clear how this relates to the riddle by adding more information. Alternate translation: “Honey is sweet and a lion is strong.” or “Honey is sweet and it came out of a lion.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
992	14:18	scv6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	If you had not plowed with my heifer	Samson compares their using his wife to get the answer to someone using another person’s heifer to plow his field. Alternate translation: “If you had not used my wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
993	14:18	cl8w		plowed	To plow is to use an animal to pull a blade through soil to prepare the soil for seeds.
994	14:19	m2gz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	came on Samson with power	The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong” or “made Samson very powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
995	14:19	ht3c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	killed thirty of their men	“killed 30 of their men” - (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
996	14:19	kc4e		their men	Alternate translation: “the men who lived there”
997	14:19	u2u5		plunder	things taken by force, usually after a fight or battle
998	14:19	axx7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	their clothes	These were from the plunder he had taken from Ashkelon. Alternate translation: “the sets of clothing that he had taken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
999	14:19	ym43		Burning with anger	Alternate translation: “Very angry”
1000	14:19	d5ji		went up to his father’s house	The phrase “went up” is used here because Samson was at Timnah which is lower in elevation than where his father’s house is located.
1001	14:20	hb14	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Samson’s wife was given to his best friend	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his wife’s father gave her to his best friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1002	14:20	ibt7		best friend	Alternate translation: “closest friend”
1003	15:intro	dn16			Judges 15 General Notes Structure and formatting The account of Samson continues in this chapter. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:16. Special concepts in this chapter Samson’s strength The Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon Samson. This meant God gave Samson extraordinary strength. Samson’s power is the power of Yahweh himself and he enacted the judgment of God on the Philistines. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
1004	15:1	gn7w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	He said to himself	This refers to thinking. Alternate translation: “He thought to himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1005	15:1	n6ml	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I will go to my wife’s room	Samson intended to sleep with his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will go to my wife’s room, so we may sleep together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1006	15:1	hmg4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	would not allow him to go in	The phrase “her room” is understood from what Samson said to himself. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “would not permit him to go into her room” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1007	15:2	f2qk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	so I gave her to your friend	This means that he gave her to be his friend’s wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “so I gave her to be married to your friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1008	15:2	pn1a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	is she not?	He asks this question to imply that Samson should agree with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I hope you agree.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1009	15:2	ruf2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Take her instead	He is suggesting that Samson take her as his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Take her to be your wife instead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1010	15:3	b19a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them	Samson thinks that he will be innocent if he attacks the Philistines because they wronged him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will be innocent if I hurt the Philistines because they have wronged me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1011	15:4	vl3y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	three hundred foxes	“300 foxes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1012	15:4	bxn9		foxes	Foxes are animals like dogs that have long tails and that eat nesting birds and other small animals.
1013	15:4	g4ms		each pair	a pair is two of anything, such as two foxes, or two tails
1014	15:4	l3z7		tail to tail	Alternate translation: “by their tails”
1015	15:4	b6p3		torches	A torch is a stick of wood with something flammable attached to one end; a torch is often used to light other things or to be carried for light.
1016	15:5	p7mc		standing grain	grain that is still growing on its stalk in the field
1017	15:5	i6qn		stacked grain	the stalks of grain collected in piles after it has been harvested
1018	15:5	a7kw		orchards	An orchard is a place where fruit trees are grown.
1019	15:6	mns7		the Timnite’s son-in-law	The husband of a man’s daughter is a “son-in-law.”
1020	15:6	r78s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Timnite	This is a person from Timnah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1021	15:6	uk9a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	took Samson’s wife and gave her to his friend	Samson’s wife’s father gave her in marriage to Samson’s friend. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “took Samson’s wife and allowed her to marry Samson’s friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1022	15:6	hz8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	burned up	The phrase “burned up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burned up,” it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1023	15:7	sj8e		said to them	Alternate translation: “said to the Philistines”
1024	15:7	k4eu		If this is what you do	Alternate translation: “Because you have done this.”
1025	15:8	x42b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh	Here “hip and thigh” refers to the whole body. This is a graphic description of how Samson killed the Philistines. Alternate translation: “He cut their bodies to pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1026	15:8	m2qa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	he went down	Here the phrase “went down” does not likely mean that he changed elevation, but rather, it is a way to describe someone going to another place. Alternate translation: “he went” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1027	15:8	xk3p		cave	an opening in a hill or mountainside
1028	15:8	yl63		cliff	a high, rocky hill or mountainside
1029	15:8	b6rw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Etam	This is the name of the rocky hill country near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1030	15:9	g7cb		the Philistines came up & in Judah	The phrase “came up” is used here because the Philistines went to Judah which is higher in elevation than where they traveled from.
1031	15:9	fkh2		prepared for battle	Alternate translation: “organized themselves for battle”
1032	15:9	v6jw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Lehi	This is the name of a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1033	15:10	ut2q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	do to him as he has done to us	The Philistines are comparing how they want to kill Samson to how he killed many of the Philistines. Alternate translation: “kill him like he killed many of our people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1034	15:11	y64p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	three thousand men of Judah	“3,000 men of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1035	15:11	ji18		cave in the cliff of Etam	See how you translated this phrase in Judges 15:8.
1036	15:11	k7fw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us? What is this you have done to us?	The men of Judah ask Samson these questions to rebuke him. This questions may be written as a statements. Alternate translation: “You know that the Philistines are rulers over us but you act like they are not. What you have done has caused us great harm.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1037	15:11	td2d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	They did to me, and so I have done to them	Samson is referring to how they killed his wife and how he killed them in revenge. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “They killed my wife, so I killed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1038	15:12	a6ty	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hands of the Philistines	Here “hands” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the Philistine’s control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1039	15:13	nz1k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	hand you over to them	This means to cause someone to be under someone else’s control. Alternate translation: “give you to the Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1040	15:13	m8g6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	up from the rock	This refers to the cave in the cliff of Etam where Samson had gone in Judges 15:8. Here the words “up from” mean that they had brought him away from the cave. Alternate translation: “away from the cave in the large rock” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1041	15:14	dr4z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	When he came	Samson was not travelling alone, he was being led by the men who had tied him with ropes. Alternate translation: “When they came” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1042	15:14	xp7l		Lehi	This is the name of a town in Judah. See how you translated this in Judges 15:9.
1043	15:14	w48h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	came on him with power	The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1044	15:14	nue5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax	Samson easily broken the ropes that bound his hands. The author describes how easily he broke the ropes by saying it was as if they had become burnt flax. Alternate translation: “He snapped the ropes on his arms as easily as if they had been stalks of burned flax” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1045	15:14	d1fe		flax	fibers from the flax plant used for making threads and cloth
1046	15:15	w6nt		a fresh jawbone	This means that the donkey had died very recently and its bones had not yet begun to decay. A jawbone is the bone in which the lower rows of teeth are set.
1047	15:15	nb59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	a thousand men	“1,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1048	15:16	dzp6		the jawbone of a donkey	Alternate translation: “a donkey’s jawbone”
1049	15:16	dm4v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	heaps upon heaps	This phrase describes how many people Samson killed. There were enough bodies to make large piles of bodies. Alternate translation: “I have made heaps of dead bodies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1050	15:17	ra2d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ramath Lehi	This is the name of a place. It’s name means “Jawbone Hill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1051	15:18	ta26		was very thirsty	Alternate translation: “needed water to drink”
1052	15:18	t3wx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	But now will I die of thirst and fall into & uncircumcised?	This could mean: (1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. Alternate translation: “But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into … uncircumcised.” or (2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. Alternate translation: “But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into … uncircumcised?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1053	15:18	h9yr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	die of thirst	This means to die because you have not drank enough and therefore, you do not have enough water in your body. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1054	15:18	u4x9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised	The phrase “fall into the hands” means to be captured. “Those who are uncircumcised” refers to the Philistines and with the word “uncircumcised” emphasizing that they do not worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “be captured by those godless Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1055	15:19	c7pf		split open the hollow place	“opened a hole in the ground” or “opened the low place.” This refers to a low area of ground where Yahweh caused a spring of water to appear.
1056	15:19	c776		Lehi	See how you translated this in Judges 15:9
1057	15:19	rty1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	his strength returned and he revived	These two phrase mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Samson became strong again. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “he became strong again” or “he was revived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1058	15:19	r7ji	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	En Hakkore	This is the name of a spring of water. The name means “spring of him who prayed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1059	15:19	k47v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	it is at Lehi to this day	This means that the spring did not dry up but that it remained. The phrase “to this day” refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “the spring can still be found at Lehi, even today” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1060	15:20	ru29	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	in the days of the Philistines	This refers to the time period that the Philistines controlled the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “during the time the Philistines controlled Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1061	15:20	l52v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	for twenty years	“for 20 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1062	16:intro	u81n			Judges 16 General Notes Structure and formatting The account of Samson concludes in this chapter. Special concepts in this chapter Samson’s mistake Samson mistakenly thought that he was the source of his strength. He did not realize that Yahweh had left him and without Yahweh, he had no strength. This was not Samson’s only mistake. His foreign wife created most of his problems.
1063	16:1	l289	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	he went to bed with her	The phrase “went to bed with” is a polite way of referring to having sex. Alternate translation: “he had sex with her” or “he slept with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1064	16:2	j859	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	The Gazites were told	The word “Gazites” refers to people from Gaza. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told the people of Gaza” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1065	16:2	fyj2		The Gazites surrounded the place & they waited for him all night at the city gate	This implies that some Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying and others waited at the city gate so that he could not leave.
1066	16:2	lsy6		They kept silent all night	This could mean: (1) “They did not make any noise all night” or (2) “They made no attempt to attack him all night.”
1067	16:3	iye2		until midnight	Alternate translation: “until the middle of the night”
1068	16:3	fv5x		its two posts	These are supports for the city gate. These posts were probably made from tree trunks and were buried deep into the ground. The doors of the city gate were attached to these posts.
1069	16:3	c2m4		bar and all	The bar was probably a heavy rod of iron that connected the gate to the posts. The doors of the city gate were probably made of heavy wooden beams or iron bars.
1070	16:3	m4dx		shoulders	the part of the human body where the arms and the neck attach to the body
1071	16:3	yq6t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hebron	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1072	16:4	itb4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Valley of Sorek	This is the name of a valley near Samson’s home. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1073	16:5	c6wz		Trick	to mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do
1074	16:5	x4w2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to see	This is an idiom that means to learn something. Alternate translation: “to understand” or “to learn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1075	16:5	vq28	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	where his great strength lies	This is an idiom that refers to where his strength comes from. Alternate translation: “what causes him to be very strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1076	16:5	y38x		by what means we may overpower him	Alternate translation: “how we might overpower him”””
1077	16:5	g3bg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	1,100 pieces of silver	“one thousand one hundred pieces of silver.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1078	16:6	r4hy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	bind you, so you might be controlled	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “bind you to control you” or “bind you to restrain you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1079	16:7	ae1p		fresh bowstrings	Bowstrings were often made from parts of an animal, often from the tendons. The words “fresh bowstrings” refer to those that come from a freshly slaughtered animal that have not yet dried.
1080	16:7	z8ml	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	that have not been dried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that have not yet dried” or “that are not dry yet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1081	16:8	xv64	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	that had not been dried	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that had not yet dried” or “that were not dry yet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1082	16:8	xt1g		she tied Samson up with them	Alternate translation: “Delilah tied Samson up with the fresh bowstrings”
1083	16:9	n6px	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about Philistine men that Delilah had waiting to capture Samson. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1084	16:9	by3q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The Philistines are upon you	The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1085	16:9	sy3a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	he broke the bowstrings like a thread of yarn when it touches the fire	The author describes how easily he broke the bowstrings by comparing them to how yarn breaks when it is burned. Alternate translation: “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if he were breaking burned yarn” or “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if they were made of thin yarn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1086	16:10	x2km	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	This is how you have deceived me and told me lies.	Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “You have greatly deceived me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1087	16:10	e5iw		you can be overpowered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you”
1088	16:12	vpr3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The Philistines are upon you	The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1089	16:12	rnx9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	lying in wait	This means that they were hiding and waiting for the right moment to attack. Alternate translation: “waiting to attack him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1090	16:12	j7zp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like they were a piece of thread	The author describes how easily Samson broke the ropes by comparing it to him breaking a piece of thread. Alternate translation: “as easily as if they were only a piece of thread” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1091	16:13	hg41	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	you have deceived me and told me lies	Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “you have greatly deceived me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1092	16:13	t97z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	you may be overpowered	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1093	16:13	s6f3		weave	crossing pieces of material together so they hold each other in place
1094	16:13	h8x3		locks of my hair	small bunches of hair
1095	16:13	c2e8		fabric	cloth made from weaving material together
1096	16:13	wv5v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	loom	a machine used for combining many threads of material into a cloth (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1097	16:13	gkr7		then nail that to the loom	Alternate translation: “then nail the fabric to the loom”
1098	16:13	pn2m		nail	to hammer a nail in order to hold something in one place
1099	16:13	w58a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I will be like any other man	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will be as weak as any other man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1100	16:14	h61l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The Philistines are upon you	The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1101	16:14	k9fi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he pulled out the fabric and the pin from the loom	Samson pulled out the fabric from the loom when he pulled his hair away from the loom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “pulled away his hair, taking with it the pin of the loom and the fabric in the loom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1102	16:14	lc6p		the pin	This is the wooden nail or peg used to fasten the fabric to the loom.
1103	16:15	zzt1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How can you say, ‘I love you,’ when you do not share your secrets with me?	Delilah asks this question to say that if Samson really loved her he would tell her his secrets. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “When you say ‘I love you,’ you are lying because you do not share your secrets with me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1104	16:16	s5ui	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	pressed him hard & pressured him	Here the author speaks of how Delilah tries to persuade Samson as if she were putting pressure on him to convince him to tell her what she wants to know. Alternate translation: “tried hard to persuade him … kept trying to persuade him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1105	16:16	imn2		with her words	Alternate translation: “by what she said to him”
1106	16:16	iqa6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	that he wished he would die	The author used a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize how miserable Sampson felt. Alternate translation: “that he was completely miserable” or “that he was very unhappy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1107	16:17	c8q9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	told her everything	everything about the source of his strength. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “told her the source of his strength” or “told her the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1108	16:17	y8xz		razor	a sharp blade used to cut hair close to a person’s skin
1109	16:17	z2nf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	a Nazirite for God	This means that he is devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated a similar phrase in Judges 13:5. Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1110	16:17	fhm4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from my mother’s womb	Here “from my mother’s womb” refers to when he was born. This means that he has been a Nazirite since he was born. Alternate translation: “my entire life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1111	16:17	t2us	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	If my head is shaved	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If someone shaves my head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1112	16:17	seg5		shaved	to have had the hair cut close to the skin with a razor
1113	16:17	iq1l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	my strength will leave me	Samson speaks about his strength as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “I will not be strong any more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1114	16:18	m9zg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Delilah saw	Here the word “saw” is a idiom that means to realize something. Alternate translation: “Delilah realized” or “Delilah learned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1115	16:18	z2eu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the truth about everything	Here the word “everything” refers to everything about why Samson was strong. Alternate translation: “the truth about why he is strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1116	16:18	x4mm		Come up again	Delilah is telling the rulers to come again to where she lives. Her home is likely at a higher elevation than where the rulers would be travelling from.
1117	16:18	ipi8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	bringing the silver in their hands	This means that they brought to her the silver that they had promised to give her if she helped them capture Samson. Alternate translation: “bringing the silver that they had promised to give her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1118	16:19	h2jg		She had him fall asleep	Alternate translation: “She caused him to fall asleep”
1119	16:19	x4y8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	in her lap	This means that he slept with his head on her lap. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “with his head on her lap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1120	16:19	gjg3		lap	The lap is the level area of the upper legs when a person is sitting down.
1121	16:19	vai4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	the seven locks of his head	Samson had seven locks of hair on his head. Locks are small bunches of hair. Here his locks of hair are described as “belonging” to his head. Alternate translation: “the seven locks of hair on his head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
1122	16:19	w8dj		subdue him	Alternate translation: “control him”
1123	16:19	qt31	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	his strength had left him	Here Samson’s strength is described as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “his strength was gone” or “he was no longer strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1124	16:20	e9dj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The Philistines are upon you	The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1125	16:20	jt7e		woke up	Alternate translation: “awakened”
1126	16:20	n31e		get out	Alternate translation: “escape”
1127	16:20	n47x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	But he did not know that Yahweh had left him	It is implied that if Yahweh left Samson, he would no longer be strong. Alternate translation: “But he did not know that Yahweh had left him and that he would not be strong enough to defeat the Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1128	16:21	ve9n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	put out his eyes	This means that they removed his eyes from his head. Alternate translation: “removed his eyes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1129	16:21	z2vv		down to Gaza	The phrase “down to” is used here because they brought Samson to Gaza which is lower in elevation than his home where they captured him.
1130	16:21	t7gr		bound him with bronze shackles	Alternate translation: “chained him with bronze shackles” or “tied him up using bronze shackles”
1131	16:21	t1sq		shackles	locks on the end of chains that hold a prisoner at his feet or hands, or both
1132	16:21	mn74		turned the millstone	Alternate translation: “pulled the millstone around in a circle”
1133	16:21	ujq1		millstone	This is a very large, heavy, circular stone. Normally, a large animal pulls the millstone around in a circle to crush grain. Here the Philistines humiliate Samson by making him pull it.
1134	16:22	ru6p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	after it had been shaved	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after the Philistines had shaved it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1135	16:23	b13v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Dagon	a major false god of the Philistines (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1136	16:23	p125		has conquered	Alternate translation: “has defeated”
1137	16:23	ekg1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	put him in our grasp	Here the author speak of Samson being under the rulers’ control as if he were something grasped tightly by their hands. Alternate translation: “put him under our control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1138	16:24	ums1		the destroyer of our country	This refers to Samson. The word “destroyer” can be expressed with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “the man who has destroyed our country”
1139	16:24	y4qk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	who killed many of us	Here the word “us” refers to the Philistine people. Those who are talking are not counting themselves among the people whom Samson killed. Alternate translation: “who killed many of our people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1140	16:25	hiy5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Call for Samson & They called for Samson	Since Samson was a prisoner, he would not be called directly, but rather the people were asking for the men in charge of the prison to bring him to them. Alternate translation: “Call for them to bring out Samson … They brought Samson” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1141	16:26	b8yg		the boy	“the young man” This was not a young child, but rather a youth.
1142	16:26	d2gs		Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests	Alternate translation: “Allow me to touch the pillars which hold up the building”
1143	16:27	fx8p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story while the writer tells background information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1144	16:27	cp19	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	three thousand men and women	“3,000 men and women” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1145	16:27	l6hc		looking on	Alternate translation: “watching”
1146	16:27	ulj6		while Samson was entertaining them	It is unclear what Samson did to entertain them. It seems the Philistines were making him do things that would humiliate him so that they could make fun of him.
1147	16:28	n4yh		called to Yahweh	Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh”
1148	16:28	ypq4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	call me to mind	This means to remember him and his situation. Alternate translation: “remember me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1149	16:28	ld69		only this once	Alternate translation: “one more time”
1150	16:28	f2en	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in one blow on the Philistines	This idiom means that he wants to have one more powerful act against the Philistines to get full revenge for what they did to him. Alternate translation: “with one strike against the Philistine” or “in one powerful act against the Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1151	16:29	dmd3		on which the building rested	Alternate translation: “which held up the building”
1152	16:30	mt5g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	He stretched out with his strength	When Samson stretched out his arms he pushed down the pillars of the building. Alternate translation: “He used his strength to push down the pillars” or “He used his strength to push over the pillars” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1153	16:30	i5lw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the dead	This refers to people who are dead. Alternate translation: “the dead people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1154	16:30	u7yd		were more	Alternate translation: “were a greater amount”
1155	16:31	rl5r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all the house of his father	Here the word “house” refers to his family. Alternate translation: “all of his father’s family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1156	16:31	jg6m		came down	The phrase “came down” is used here because the place that Samson’s family traveled form was higher in elevation than Gaza.
1157	16:31	na1k		Zorah & Eshtaol	See how you translated the names of these places in Judges 13:2 and Judges 13:25.
1158	16:31	de6c		in the burial place of Manoah, his father	Alternate translation: “where his father, Manoah, is buried”
1159	16:31	i2d4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Manoah	See how you translated this man’s name in Judges 13:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1160	16:31	wv8z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Samson had judged Israel for twenty years	This same sentence is also in Judges 15:20. It is repeated here to remind readers of how long he judged Israel. Alternate translation: “Samson had judged Israel for twenty years before he died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1161	16:31	vmv2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty years	“20 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1162	17:intro	c454			Judges 17 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter begins a section explaining how Israel came to have a king. Special concepts in this chapter Idols and figures According to the law of Moses, the Israelites were prohibited from making wooden figures or cast metal idols. This was a form of idolatry. This practice was common in Canaan and it shows the influence the Israelites allowed these people to have on them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
1163	17:1	rrp1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	There was a man	This is a way to introduce a new person to the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
1164	17:1	ke46	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Micah	This is the name of a man. It is not the same man who wrote the book of Micah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1165	17:2	c1x6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	1,100 pieces	“one thousand one hundred pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1166	17:2	k7it	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	that were taken from you	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which someone stole from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1167	17:2	m56x		I stole it	Alternate translation: “I was the one who took it”
1168	17:3	z9j9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	1,100 pieces	“one thousand one hundred” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1169	17:3	p6yd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	set apart	This means to dedicate something to a specific purpose. Alternate translation: “dedicate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1170	17:3	sc6v		cast metal	metal that has been melted and poured into a mold to form a special shape
1171	17:3	ss9u		I restore it to you	Alternate translation: “I give it back to you”
1172	17:4	xsr8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	two hundred pieces of silver	“200 pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1173	17:4	r9hl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	they were placed in the house of Micah	The word “they” refers to the metal figures. This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Micah placed them in his house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1174	17:5	f5zy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	a house of idols	This refers to a house used specifically for worshiping idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “a house for worshiping idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1175	17:6	mxx3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	everyone did what was right in his own eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “each person did what he decided was right” or “each person did what he judged to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1176	17:7	z9bc		of Bethlehem	Alternate translation: “from Bethlehem”
1177	17:7	u5wv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	of the clan of Judah	This means that he was living among the family of Judah, that is, the tribe of Judah. Alternate translation: “who was living among the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1178	17:7	ktm7		He stayed there to fulfill his duties	Alternate translation: “He lived and worked there”
1179	17:8	pd1z		find a place to live	Alternate translation: “find a different place to live”
1180	17:9	u9x8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	where I might live	It is implied that he is looking for a place to live and work. Alternate translation: “where I might live and have a job” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1181	17:10	s5tz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a father and a priest	The word “father” is here used in the sense of an advisor, and not to a literal father. Alternate translation: “an advisor and a priest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1182	17:10	mw13		I will give you ten pieces of silver a year	Alternate translation: “I will give you ten pieces of silver each year”
1183	17:10	j73e		a suit of clothes	Alternate translation: “a set of clothes”
1184	17:10	tm7m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	So the Levite went into his house	It is implied that the Levite accepted Micah’s offer, and therefore, entered Micah’s house. Alternate translation: “So the Levite accepted his offer and went into his house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1185	17:11	mvs9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	the young man became to Micah like one of his sons	The relationship between the Levite and Micah became like the close relationship between a father and son. Alternate translation: “the young man became close to Micah and was like one of his sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1186	17:12	t9an	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Micah set apart the Levite	Here “set apart” means that Micah “dedicated” or “ordained” him. Alternate translation: “Micah dedicated the Levite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1187	17:12	s6d6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	was in Micah’s house	Here living in Micah’s house is spoken of as “being” in his house. Alternate translation: “lived in Micah’s house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1188	18:intro	y2ru			Judges 18 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The tribe of Dan The tribe of Dan lacked faith in Yahweh and had yet to conquer its inheritance. In this chapter, they begin to conquer their land, but they also started to worship an idol. Their conquering of the land is much different than the other tribes’ victories. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])
1189	18:1	d1r4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	In those days	This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1190	18:1	w9qn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	In those days & from among the tribes of Israel	This is background information about Israel and the people of the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1191	18:1	g4f2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	not received any inheritance from	This refers specifically to land inherited where they would live. Alternate translation: “not received a land inheritance from” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1192	18:2	f83t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from the whole number of their tribe	The phrase “the whole number” refers to all of the men in the tribe. Alternate translation: “from among all of the men in their tribe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1193	18:2	j6xd		experienced warriors	Alternate translation: “experienced fighters”
1194	18:2	jv96		Zorah	See how you translated the name of this town in Judges 13:2.
1195	18:2	cgy7		Eshtaol	See how you translated the name of this town in Judges 13:25.
1196	18:2	wg6e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to scout the land on foot	The phrase “on foot” means to walk. Alternate translation: “to scout the land by walking through it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1197	18:2	bt98		Micah	See how you translated this man’s name in Judges 17:1.
1198	18:3	c2tl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	they recognized the speech of the young Levite	They recognized the man by the sound of his voice. Here “speech” refers to his “voice.” Alternate translation: “they heard the young Levite talking, and they recognized his voice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1199	18:7	i57p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Laish	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1200	18:7	a8c9		There was no one who conquered	Alternate translation: “There were no enemies living in their land who had conquered them”
1201	18:7	ch81		had no dealings with anyone	“had no contact with any outsiders.” This means they lived far enough away from any other city that they lived secluded from other people.
1202	18:8	f5il		Zorah	Translate the name of this city the same as you did in Judges 13:2.
1203	18:8	lih2		Eshtaol	Translate the name of this city the same as you did in Judges 13:25.
1204	18:9	zpe9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Are you doing nothing?	This rhetorical question is asked sarcastically and means that they should be doing the opposite. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should be acting now!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1205	18:9	n8um	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	Do not be slow to attack	These two negative words “not” and “slow” together emphasize the positive idea to attack quickly. Alternate translation: “Hurry! Attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1206	18:10	r61z		the land is wide	“the land is large.” This is a description of the size of the land.
1207	18:10	ab9j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	that does not lack anything in the land	The men use a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that it is a very desirable place to live. Alternate translation: “where we will have everything there that we need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1208	18:10	aj2l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	that does not lack anything	The two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “has everything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1209	18:11	b97l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	Six hundred men	“600 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1210	18:12	z66i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kiriath Jearim	This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1211	18:12	q4cf		Mahaneh Dan	Translate the name of this place the same as you did in Judges 13:25.
1212	18:12	f453	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to this day	This means that something remains the same. It refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “and that is still its name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1213	18:14	l46p		Laish	Translate the name of this town the same as you did in Judges 18:7.
1214	18:14	g3gr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	in these houses there are an ephod, & metal figure? Decide & will do	The five men asked this question to suggest and encourage the men that they should steal the idols. This can be written as a statement, and the implied information may be given in a parenthetical phrase. Alternate translation: “these houses contain an ephod, … metal figure. (They were suggesting that the men steal these things.) Decide … will do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1215	18:14	g8xi		in these houses there are	Alternate translation: “in one of these house there is” or “among these houses is”
1216	18:15	cx88		they turned in there	Alternate translation: “they turned”
1217	18:15	tf6m		they greeted him	The word “him” refers to the Levite.
1218	18:16	m84v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	six hundred Danites	“600 Danites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1219	18:17	a6nq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	six hundred men	“600 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1220	18:19	fje7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is it better for you to be priest for the house of one man & a clan in Israel?	They ask this as a rhetorical question to imply that it is true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is better for you to be priest for a tribe and a clan in Israel than for just the house of one man.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1221	18:20	z2bp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The priest’s heart was glad	Here the priest is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “The priest was glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1222	18:21	v31e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	They put the small children in front of themselves	They traveled this way to protect the children. If Micah and his people attacked them the would reach the warriors first and not the children. Alternate translation: “They put the small children in front of themselves to protect them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1223	18:21	t33e		they turned	Alternate translation: “the Danites turned around”
1224	18:22	p9e2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	a good distance	“some distance.” This refers a short distance but one that is long enough to be considered as measurable progress. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1225	18:22	l34e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the men who were in the houses near Micah’s house were called together	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he called together the men who were in the houses near his house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1226	18:22	vkf1		they caught up with the Danites	This implies that they ran after them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “running after the Danites, they caught up with them”
1227	18:23	c2k3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why have you been called together?	This question is a rebuke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have called your men together to chase us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1228	18:23	sbb8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	been called together	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “called these men together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1229	18:24	dy7i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the gods that I made	Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them. Alternate translation: “the gods which I had made for me” or “the gods which a craftsman made for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1230	18:24	edz2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What else do I have left?	Micah asks this question to emphasize that he no longer has the things that are important to him. Alternate translation: “I have nothing left.” or “You have taken everything that is important to me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1231	18:24	i1v2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How can you ask me, ‘What is bothering you?’	Micah asks this question to emphasize that the Danites definitely know what is bothering him. Alternate translation: “You know that I am greatly distressed!’” or “You know how much I am bothered by what you have done to me!’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1232	18:25	yzy3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	let us hear you say anything	The phrase “us hear you say” refers to the Danites hearing Micah speaking about what had happened, but it also includes if they are told by others that Micah had spoken about what had happened. Alternate translation: “let us find out that you have said anything” or “say anything about this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1233	18:25	pgt9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	hear you say anything	The word “anything” refers to any information about the Danites coming to Micah’s house and stealing his idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “hear you say anything about this matter” or “hear you say anything about what has happened” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1234	18:25	fqe4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	you and your family will be killed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “kill you and your family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1235	18:26	g59x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	went their way	This means that they continued on their journey. Alternate translation: “continued on their journey” or “continued travelling” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1236	18:26	v6df	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	they were too strong for him	This refers to the Danites being too strong for Micah and his men to fight against. Alternate translation: “they were too strong for him and his men to fight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1237	18:27	k9py	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	what Micah had made	Micah did not make his gods, rather a craftsman made them for him. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the things that had been made for Micah” or “Micah’s things” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1238	18:27	fw33		Laish	See how you translated this in Judges 18:7.
1239	18:27	r1pv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	with the edge of the sword	“with their swords.” Here “the sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1240	18:28	p5rb		they had no dealings with anyone	this means they lived far enough away from any other city, that they lived secluded from other people. See how you translated this phrase in Judges 18:7.
1241	18:28	vw28	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beth Rehob	This is a name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1242	18:30	z23n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Jonathan son of Gershom, son of Moses	This is the name of the young Levite who used to serve as priest for Micah. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The young Levite’s name was Jonathan the son of Gershom, son of Moses” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1243	18:30	myi7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	until the day of the land’s captivity	This refers to a time later on when the people of Dan would be captured by their enemies. Here the land being conquered is spoken of as if it were a prisoner taken captive by an enemy. Alternate translation: “until the day that their enemies conquered their land” or “until the day that their enemies took them captive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1244	18:31	m78z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	that he made	Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them for him. Alternate translation: “that had been made for him” or “that his craftsman made for him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1245	19:intro	gj7f			Judges 19 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The sin of Benjamin People from a village of the tribe of Benjamin raped a visitor’s wife to death. This was very evil, especially in the ancient Near East. The people of Israel considered mistreatment of a guest one of the worst crimes. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
1246	19:1	akh7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	In those days	This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1247	19:1	u1qs		remote	far from where most people live
1248	19:2	p37k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	was unfaithful to him	This means that she was unfaithful in their relationship and that she began to sleep with other men. This can be stated explicitly if necessary. Alternate translation: “began to sleep with other men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1249	19:3	e9q8		His servant was with him, and a pair of donkeys	Alternate translation: “He took with him his servant and two donkeys”
1250	19:4	bhr2		His father-in-law, the girl’s father, persuaded	Alternate translation: “His father-in-law, that is, the girl’s father, persuaded” or “The girl’s father persuaded”
1251	19:4	v2kw		persuaded him to stay	Alternate translation: “spoke to him so he decided to stay”
1252	19:5	in6x		he prepared	the Levite prepared
1253	19:5	kp5g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Strengthen yourself with a bit of bread	Here “bread” refers to “food.” Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1254	19:6	j88k		Please be willing to spend the night	Alternate translation: “Please stay another night”
1255	19:8	a9ur	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Strengthen yourself, and wait until the afternoon	The father-in-law is suggesting that he strengthen himself by eating. He is also asking him to wait until the afternoon to leave. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel, and wait until afternoon to leave” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1256	19:9	lvj4		now the day is advancing toward evening	Alternate translation: “the day is almost over” or “it is almost evening”
1257	19:10	amf9		that is Jerusalem	Alternate translation: “which was later called Jerusalem”
1258	19:11	l8er	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Come, let us	This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1259	19:11	k4l3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	turn aside to	This means to take a break from their journey and stop somewhere along the route. Alternate translation: “stop at” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1260	19:12	yc4v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	turn aside into	This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in Judges 19:11. Alternate translation: “stop at” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1261	19:13	mke2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Come, let us	This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1262	19:15	fgr6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	turned aside	This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in Judges 19:11. Alternate translation: “stopped” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1263	19:15	bqt5		the city square	the marketplace where people gathered during the day
1264	19:15	w9ny	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	took them into his house	This phrase means for someone to invite them to spend the night in their home. Alternate translation: “invited them to stay in their house for that night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1265	19:16	z1l2		Benjamites	A Benjamite was a descendant of Benjamin. See how you translated the name of this people group in Judges 3:15.
1266	19:17	lsd3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He raised his eyes	Here the man looked up and paid attention to what was around him. Alternate translation: “He looked up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1267	19:17	h3nh		the city square	the marketplace where people gathered during the day. See how you translated this in Judges 19:14.
1268	19:18	jzg4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	who will take me into his house	This phrase refers to someone inviting other people into his house to spend the night there. Alternate translation: “who has invited me to stay in his house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1269	19:18	c5ti	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	will take me	Here the Levite says “me,” but he is actually referring to himself along with his servant and his concubine. Alternate translation: “will take us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1270	19:19	he3w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	there is bread and wine	Change to active voice. Alternate translation: “we have plenty of bread and wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1271	19:19	gw93	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	me and your female servant here, and for this young man with your servants	The Levite speaks of himself and the others as servants and in the third person to show respect. Alternate translation: “me, my concubine, and my servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1272	19:19	w8hb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	We lack nothing	This can be written as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “We have everything we need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1273	19:20	ep3p		Only do not	“Do not.” The word “only” is used here to emphasize what he did not want the Levite to do.
1274	19:20	jm1p		square	This refers to the city square. See how you translated this Judges 19:17.
1275	19:21	z5ah	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	brought the Levite into his house	This means that he invited the Levite to spend the night in his house. Also, by inviting the Levite he was inviting the man’s concubine and servant as well. Alternate translation: “invited the Levite and his servants to stay in his house” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1276	19:22	dx6j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	they were making their hearts glad	The phrase “making their hearts glad” is an idiom that means to have a good time with someone else. Alternate translation: “they were have a good time together” or “they were enjoying themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1277	19:22	q1dh		some men of & surrounded the house	Some men stood on all sides of the house.
1278	19:24	k4nm		See	This word is used to get the peoples’ attention. Alternate translation: “Listen”
1279	19:25	lk3t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the men would not listen to him	Here the author speaks of “agreeing” as if it were “listening.” Alternate translation: “the men would not accept his offer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1280	19:25	ty8i		the man seized his concubine	there could be confusion as to the identity of the man. Alternate translation: “the Levite seized his concubine”
1281	19:25	d28f		at dawn	“when the sun was coming up” or “at first light” This refers to when the sun begins to rise.
1282	19:26	irp4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	it was light	This refers to morning when it is bright outside. Alternate translation: “the sun was fully risen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1283	19:28	gk5s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	But there was no answer	The woman did not answer because she was dead. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “But she did not answer because she was dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1284	19:29	r79a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	limb by limb	“section by section.” The author uses this graphic description of how the Levite cut up her body into specific pieces to emphasize what he did. “Limbs” refers to a person’s arms and legs. If there is not a similar phrase in your language, this description may be left out of the translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1285	19:29	fx7u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twelve pieces	“12 pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1286	19:29	xd3i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	sent the pieces everywhere throughout Israel	This means that he sent the different pieces to twelve different areas of Israel. Alternate translation: “sent each piece to a different place throughout Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1287	20:intro	lla1			Judges 20 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Benjamin destroyed The army of Israel destroys all the tribe of Benjamin except 600 men. After this point in time, the tribe of Benjamin becomes mostly insignificant.
1288	20:1	wg4p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	as one man	This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. It refers to a group of who people do everything together in the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1289	20:1	jp6a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	from Dan to Beersheba	This refers to the land as a whole. Alternate translation: “from all the eleven tribes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1290	20:2	ze7s		God—400,000 men on foot	Alternate translation: “God and also 400,000 regular soldiers came”
1291	20:2	hzs8		ready to fight	“capable of going to war.” They were not going to fight each other.
1292	20:3	sl7g		Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author of the book tells background information about what the people of Benjamin knew.
1293	20:3	x8r4		had gone up to Mizpah	Mizpah was located high in the mountains.
1294	20:4	sa27		to spend the night	Alternate translation: “for the night” or “to stay for a night”
1295	20:6	gkc4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	wickedness and outrage	The word “outrage” describes the “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “outrageous wickedness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1296	20:7	h9h3		Now	This word is used to introduce the conclusion of the speech of the Levite.
1297	20:7	wp5t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	give your advice and counsel here	The words “advice” and “counsel” refer to the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “decide what we need to do about this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1298	20:8	s9g2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	as one	This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. They all acted together in exactly the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1299	20:8	s835	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	None of us will go to his tent & none of us will return to his house	These two clauses say basically the same thing twice for emphasis. They can be combined. The words “none … go” and “none … return” emphasizes how the people will continue to stay there. They can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “We will all stay here” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1300	20:9	xy7l		But now	These words introduce the main portion of what the people say after the initial exclamation.
1301	20:9	l369		as the lot directs	This involved tossing or rolling small marked stones to determine what God wants.
1302	20:10	wsa9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	ten men of a hundred & one hundred of a thousand & one thousand of ten thousand	“10 men out of 100 … 100 out of 1,000 … 1,000 out of 10,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1303	20:10	mm9k		provisions	food and other things the people need
1304	20:11	wfs1		assembled against the city	Alternate translation: “came together to attack the city”
1305	20:13	m9f5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	put them to death	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “kill them” or “execute them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1306	20:13	n1zx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the voice of their brothers	Here “voice” refers to the message that they spoke. Alternate translation: “what their brother said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1307	20:15	s9ku	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty-six thousand	“26,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1308	20:15	g1vk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	seven hundred	“700” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1309	20:16	a8xm		left-handed	A left-handed person is someone who is more skilled with their left hand than with their right hand.
1310	20:16	u1tj		could sling a stone at a hair and not miss	This show how amazingly well they could aim and hit their target. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “could throw a stone at even a hair and hit it” or “could throw a stone at something as small as a hair and hit it”
1311	20:17	apy5		not counting	Alternate translation: “not including”
1312	20:17	g8sz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	400,000	“four hundred thousand men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1313	20:18	w2v7		asked for advice from God	Alternate translation: “asked God what to do” or “asked God how to continue”
1314	20:19	k8jq		moved their camp near Gibeah	There is some question about the meaning of the Hebrew text. Instead of meaning that they set up their camp near Gibeah, it could mean that the army went out and stood across from Gibeah ready to fight.
1315	20:21	vj4c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty-two thousand	“22,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1316	20:22	cr9j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	strengthened themselves	Here “strengthened” is an idiom that means they encouraged each other. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1317	20:22	wb6t		they formed the battle line	This probably means that the Israelites prepared their battle lines for the next day’s fighting. Alternate translation: “they got ready to fight the next day”
1318	20:23	cpc2		they sought direction from Yahweh	The method they used is not stated. The priest may have cast lots to determine God’s will.
1319	20:25	t59r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	eighteen thousand	“18,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1320	20:26	y97x		before Yahweh	Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s presence” or “to Yahweh”
1321	20:27	usm6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days	This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1322	20:27	cs7a		was there in those days	Alternate translation: “was at Bethel in those days”
1323	20:28	ly8e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	and Phinehas & was serving before the ark in those days	This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1324	20:28	d9ma	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	was serving before the ark	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “was serving as priest before the ark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1325	20:28	w427	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Attack	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Attack the army of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1326	20:29	f7uq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Israel set men	Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1327	20:29	k5i5		secret places	Alternate translation: “in ambush”
1328	20:31	t9eh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	fought against the people	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1329	20:31	d8me	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	they were drawn away from the city	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel drew them away from the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1330	20:31	z77c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	They began to kill some of the people	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people of Benjamin began to kill some of the men of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1331	20:32	e81w		just as at first	Alternate translation: “just as before” or “just like the first two times”
1332	20:33	a2ik	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Baal Tamar	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1333	20:33	swx2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Maareh Gibeah	This is the name of a place. Other translations may read “fields of Gibeah” or “west of Gibeah” or “Maareh Geba.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1334	20:34	de7z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	ten thousand	“10,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1335	20:34	wk8a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	chosen men	This is an idiom that means these were particularly good soldiers. Alternate translation: “well-trained soldier” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1336	20:34	p4k5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	disaster was close to them	Here immanent disaster is spoken of as if it was standing very close by them. Alternate translation: “they would soon be completely defeated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1337	20:35	bt91	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	25,100 men	“twenty-five thousand one hundred men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1338	20:36	mrd4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	The men of Israel had given ground to Benjamin, because they were counting on the men & outside Gibeah	From this sentence until the end of verse 41 is background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1339	20:36	i3ru	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	had given ground to Benjamin	This is an idiom that means they intentionally retreated. Alternate translation: “had allowed Benjamin to move forward” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1340	20:36	sq9e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	they were counting on the men	This is an idiom that means they trusted their men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1341	20:39	t29b		would turn from the battle	Alternate translation: “would retreat from the fight”
1342	20:39	vbr9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	they are defeated before us	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we have defeated them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1343	20:41	ltm1		disaster	great harm, trouble, misery
1344	20:41	jg8p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	come on them	This idiom means it happened to them. Alternate translation: “happened to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1345	20:42	pdp2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	But the fighting overtook them	This speaks about fighting as if it were a person who could overtake someone. Alternate translation: “But the soldiers of Israel caught up to them” or “But they were not able to escape the fighting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1346	20:43	xh56	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nohah	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1347	20:43	cis4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	trampled them down	The completed destruction of the Benjamites is spoken of as if the Israelites stomped on their bodies. Alternate translation: “they completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1348	20:44	jd79	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	eighteen thousand	“18,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1349	20:44	c8tw		were distinguished in battle	Alternate translation: “had fought bravely in the battle”
1350	20:45	akn8		They turned and fled	Alternate translation: “The remaining Benjamites turned and fled”
1351	20:45	e3cs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	five thousand & two thousand	“5,000 … 2,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1352	20:45	y3ry	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gidom	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1353	20:46	d674	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty-five thousand	“25,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1354	20:47	h1ci	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	six hundred	“600” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1355	20:48	h7m3		turned back against the people of Benjamin	These people of Benjamin are not the soldiers who fled to the rock of Rimmon, but the ones who were still in the city.
1356	20:48	l4rw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the city	Here “the city” refers to the people in that city. Alternate translation: “everyone who was in the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1357	20:48	ue39	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in their path	This idiom refers to everything that they found as they went toward the city. Alternate translation: “they came to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1358	21:intro	bf76			Judges 21 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter concludes the account of the previous chapter. Special concepts in this chapter Sin and immorality At the end of Judges, there is much sin and immorality. The people are doing wrong and fixing their wrongs by doing more evil things. This period of Judges is typified by this final account and summarized by the statement, “everyone did what was right in his own eyes.” (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1359	21:1	w65e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now the men of Israel had made a promise & marry a Benjamite.”	This background information tells the reader about the promise that the Israelites made before the battle with the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1360	21:1	rw2t		Benjamite	This is the name of the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in Judges 3:15.
1361	21:3	q8cb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why, Yahweh, God of Israel, has this happened to Israel, that one of our tribes should be missing today?	The people of Israel used this rhetorical question to express their deep sadness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Oh Yahweh, we are so sad that one of the tribes of Israel has been completely destroyed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1362	21:5	xs35		The people of Israel said, “Which of all the tribes of Israel did not come up in the assembly to Yahweh?”	The people are referring back to the assembly of the Israelites at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites.
1363	21:5	p72f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	For they had made an important promise concerning anyone who did not come up to Yahweh at Mizpah. They said, “He would certainly be put to death.”	This is background information to explain to the reader the promise that the Israelites had made at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1364	21:5	flc8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	He would certainly be put to death	Here “He” refers to anyone who did not go to Mizpah. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We will certainly kill that person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1365	21:6	yb7g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	their brother Benjamin	This speaks of the tribe of Benjamin as if it were Israel’s brother to show their closeness to the tribe. Alternate translation: “the surviving Benjamites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1366	21:6	j93p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	one tribe has been cut off from Israel	The destruction of the tribe of Benjamin is spoken of as if it had been cut off from Israel by a knife. This was an exaggeration because 600 men were still left. However, the women of Benjamin had been killed, so the future of the tribe was in question. Alternate translation: “one tribe has been removed” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1367	21:7	dms9		Who will provide wives for those who are left, since we have made a promise to Yahweh that we will not let any of them marry our daughters?	The Israelites wanted to provide wives for the few surviving Benjamites, but their promise at Mizpah prevented them from doing that.
1368	21:8	vtf2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jabesh Gilead	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1369	21:9	jyg7		people were set out in an orderly manner	Alternate translation: “people that were assembled at Mizpah were accounted for”
1370	21:9	qs2v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead were there	This refers back to the earlier assembly at Mizpah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead had been present at Mizpah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1371	21:10	p52b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twelve thousand	“12,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1372	21:10	qw5x		strike the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead with the edge of the sword, including the women and children	The next verse will add an exception to this general instruction.
1373	21:10	ajh8		strike & with the edge of the sword	Alternate translation: “kill … with their swords”
1374	21:12	n2u2		Jabesh Gilead	This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in Judges 21:8.
1375	21:12	ani7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	four hundred young women	“400 young women” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1376	21:12	w47b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	who had not known a man by lying with him	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “who had not had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1377	21:13	c39b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	they were offering them peace	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word peace, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they wanted to stop fighting with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1378	21:14	h1ad		Jabesh Gilead	This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in Judges 21:8.
1379	21:14	iu7g		there were not enough women for all of them	There were six hundred Benjamite men, and only four hundred women from Jabesh Gilead.
1380	21:15	v114		made a division between the tribes of Israel	Alternate translation: “had caused the tribes of Israel not to be unified”
1381	21:16	sc2b		Benjamites	This refers to the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in Judges 3:15.
1382	21:16	rgy2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the women of Benjamin have been killed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we killed all the Benjamite women” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1383	21:17	mk7l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	There must be an inheritance & is not destroyed from Israel	The Israelites are exaggerating. They had already given wives to four hundred of the Benjamites, so the tribe would not be completely destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1384	21:18	qnk3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	a wife to Benjamin	Here Benjamin refers to the male descendants of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “a wife to the men of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1385	21:19	u453	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	which is north of Bethel, east of the road that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah	This is background information to explain to the reader where the city of Shiloh is located. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1386	21:19	m2hz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Lebonah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1387	21:21	am3f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	each one of you should grab a wife & go back to the land of Benjamin	It is understood that the Benjamites would take these women back to their own land with them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “each one of you should seize one of the girls of Shiloh, and then take her back with you to the land of Benjamin to become your wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1388	21:22	z5gg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Show us favor	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word favor, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Act kindly toward us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1389	21:22	zsi5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	because we did not get wives for each man during the war	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because we did not get wives for each of them during the war with Jabesh Gilead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1390	21:22	pcc6		You are innocent & not give your daughters to them	This refers to the men of Shiloh. They did not voluntarily give their daughters to the Benjamites, and therefore did not break their promise not to do that.
1391	21:23	ng9r		the number of wives that they needed	This refers to one wife for each of the two hundred Benjamite men who did not receive wives from Jabesh Gilead (Judges 21:14).
1392	21:25	b8xe		there was no king in Israel	Alternate translation: “Israel did not yet have a king”
1393	21:25	d46g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	what was right in his own eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what he judged to be right” or “what he considered to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

296 KiB Raw Permalink Blame History Unescape Escape

Introduction to Judges

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of Judges

What is the Book of Judges about?

How should the title of this book be translated?

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

What kind of leaders were the judges?

What kind of society was Israel during the time of the judges?

What spiritual struggles did Israel experience during the time of the judges?

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

What is the meaning of the phrase “in those days there was no king in Israel, and everyone did what was right in his own eyes”?

What is the meaning of the phrase “to this day”?

Judges 1 General Notes

Structure and formatting

“After the death of Joshua”

Special concepts in this chapter

Finishing the conquest of the Promised Land

Connecting Statement:

Judges 2 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh tests Israel

Judges 3 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

The people worship false gods

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

“Blew a trumpet”

General Information:

Judges 4 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Barak’s leadership

General Information:

General Information:

Judges 5 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

The flood

Judges 6 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Israel’s punishment

Judges 7 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

God gets all of the credit

Judges 8 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Succoth’s refusal to help Gideon

Gideon refuses to be king

General Information:

Judges 9 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Jotham’s curse

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Tree metaphor

General Information:

General Information:

General Information:

Judges 10 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Israel’s punishment

Judges 11 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Jephthah the leader

General Information:

General Information:

General Information:

General Information:

General Information:

Judges 12 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Shibboleth

Judges 13 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

296 KiB

Raw Permalink Blame History