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Introduction to Daniel

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of Daniel

  1. Daniel and his friends in the court of Nebuchadnezzar (1:121)
  2. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzars first dream (2:149)
  3. Daniels friends delivered from the fiery furnace (3:130)
  4. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzars second dream (4:137)
  5. Belshazzars feast and the writing on the wall (5:1-31)
  6. Daniel in the den of lions (6:128)
  7. Daniels vision of four beasts (7:128)
  8. Daniels vision of a ram and a goat (8:127)
  9. Daniel prays and Gabriel answers (9:123)
  10. Daniels vision of seventy weeks (9:2427)
  11. Daniels vision of a man (10:111:1)
  12. The kings of the south and north (11:220)
  13. An evil king exalts himself (11:21-39)
  14. The time of the end (11:4012:13)

What is the Book of Daniel about?

The first part of the Book of Daniel (chapters 16) is a narrative about Daniel and his friends. They were young men from Jerusalem who were taken to Babylon as prisoners. These chapters tell how they were faithful to Yahweh while living in a pagan land serving a pagan king. And it tells how God rewarded them because they were faithful.

The rest of the Book of Daniel is a series of prophetic visions. Chapters 7 and 8 deal with images representing the kingdoms and kings of the major nations. Chapters 911 are prophecies and visions about wars and a type of the great enemy of God appearing. Chapter 12 is a vision that describes end times.

How should the title of this book be translated?

The traditional title of this book is “The Book of Daniel” or just “Daniel.” Translators may call it “The Book About Daniel” or “The Book About the Deeds and Visions of Daniel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

Who wrote the Book of Daniel?

Daniel was a Jew who became a Babylonian government official during the exile. He may have written the book himself. Or he may have written the parts of the book and someone else put the parts together at a later time.

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

Is there a missing week in Daniels prophecy?

Scholars disagree about what may appear to be a missing week in 9:24-27. It is best for translators to allow apparent mysteries such as this to remain in the text. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])

When did the seventy weeks begin?

The seventy weeks in 9:24-27 began when a decree was issued to rebuild the city of Jerusalem. But there were several decrees that allowed this to happen. Translators do not need to understand how prophecies were or will be fulfilled to translate the text.

Who was Darius the Mede?

Darius the Mede was a Babylonian king who sent Daniel into a den of lions. People have not found his name in history outside of the Book of Daniel. Scholars have tried to explain who Darius was, but they are not certain.

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

How does Daniel use the word “king”?

Many kings are in the Book of Daniel, but not all of the kings ruled over all of Babylon or Persia. Some of the kings may have ruled over regions or cities.

How many chapters does Daniel have?

Daniel has twelve chapters. Some Bible versions include stories called “Bel and the Dragon” and “The Prayer of Azariah.” However, few people think that these stories have the same authority as the rest of scripture. Therefore, there is no need to translate them.

31:introp1ev0

Daniel 1 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Training for government jobs

Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were chosen to be trained for service in the Babylonian kingdom. It was not unusual for foreigners to be given positions in the Babylonian government as advisors or cultural ambassadors.

Special concepts in this chapter

Food laws

The food from the king included things the Jews were not allowed to eat according to the law of Moses. Daniel requested permission not to eat the kings food. He proved to the king that this food was not necessary for good health. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])

41:1x9t9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheNebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia0

This refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

51:1cps4to cut off all supplies to it0

Alternate translation: “to stop the people from receiving any supplies”

61:1sxi6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheJehoiakim king of Judah0

This refers to Jehoiakim and his soldiers, not only to Jehoiakim. Alternate translation: “the army of Jehoiakim king of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

71:2mfr8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochegave Nebuchadnezzar0

This refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: “gave Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

81:2w31yhe gave him0

Jehoiakim gave Nebuchadnezzar

91:2l12trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheHe brought & he placed0

Although Nebuchadnezzar did not do these things alone, it may easier for the reader to retain the singular pronouns. Alternate translation: “They brought … they placed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

101:2tb9lHe brought them0

Here “them” probably refers to Jehoiakim and other prisoners, as well as the sacred objects.

111:2riv5in his gods treasury0

This was an act of devotion to his god.

121:3c2p4The king spoke0

This refers to Nebuchadnezzar.

131:3pba3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAshpenaz0

This is the chief official. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

141:4j6vwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litoteswithout blemish0

These two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “with perfect appearance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])

151:4ki41rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomfilled with knowledge and understanding0

This is an idiom. This means they knew much and could organize and use that information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

161:4im8mkings palace0

This is the large house or building where the king lives.

171:4gg5xHe was to teach them0

Alternate translation: “Ashpenaz was to teach them”

181:5v9dgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe king counted out for them0

The kings officials did this task for him. Alternate translation: “The kings officials counted out for them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

191:5vq2ihis delicacies0

the special, rare, good foods that the king ate

201:5ex12rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThese young men were to be trained0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Ashpenaz was to train these young men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

211:5bj35trained0

Alternate translation: “taught skills”

221:6ln29Among these0

Alternate translation: “Among the young men from Israel”

231:7k7ucThe chief official0

This refers to Ashpenaz who was King Nebuchadnezzars highest official.

241:7b656rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBelteshazzar & Shadrach & Meshach & Abednego0

These are all mens names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

251:8s7srrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheDaniel intended in his mind0

Here “mind” refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: “Daniel decided to himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

261:8xse9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitpollute himself0

To “pollute” something is to make is unclean. Some of the food and drink of the Babylonians would make Daniel ceremonially unclean according to Gods law. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “make himself unclean according to Gods law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

271:8e52rdelicacies0

This refers to the special, rare, good foods that the king ate. See how you translated this in Daniel 1:3.

281:10wc2irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWhy should he see you looking worse than the other young men of your own age?0

The official uses this question to explain what he thought would happen. It can be a statement. Alternate translation: “He does not want to see you looking worse than the other young men of your own age.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

291:10n5lcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomThe king might have my head0

This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The king might cut off my head” or “The king might kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

301:13m7rhcompare our appearance with the appearance0

Daniel asked the steward to see if he and his friends looked worse than the other young men. Alternate translation: “compare our appearance to see if it is worse than the appearance”

311:14thm2tested them0

tested Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah

321:15h7dvtheir appearance & they were0

The pronouns refer to Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah.

331:15pj6pnourished0

This means to have been made healthy from what you have eaten.

341:16uzg5their delicacies & their wine & gave them0

All of these pronouns refer to Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah.

351:17das8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsGod gave them knowledge and insight0

This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns “knowledge” and “insight” can be expressed as the verbs “learn” and “understand.” Alternate translation: “God gave them the ability to learn and understand clearly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

361:17wn6nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbolein all literature and wisdom0

Here “all” is a generalization to show that they had a very good education and understanding. Alternate translation: “in many things that the Babylonians had written and studied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

371:19ita9The king spoke with them0

The king spoke with the “four young men” (Daniel 1:17).

381:19u1amrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesamong the whole group there were none to compare with Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah0

This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah pleased him much more than anyone else in the whole group” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])

391:19e2m3Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah0

These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in Daniel 1:6.

401:20f5x8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleten times better0

Here “ten times” is an exaggeration representing great quality. Alternate translation: “much better” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

411:21jhp9the first year of King Cyrus0

Alternate translation: “the first year that King Cyrus ruled Babylon”

422:introepd50

Daniel 2 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in Daniels prayer in 2:20-23.

Special concepts in this chapter

The kings dream

Daniel told the kings dream and what the dream meant. In the ancient Near East, it was believed that only people in touch with the gods could interpret dreams. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])

How Daniel knew the dream

Daniel gave Yahweh the honor for having told him the dream and its meaning in answer to the prayers of the four men.

432:1mns5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalIn the second year0

“In year two” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

442:1xtc6he had dreams0

Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar had dreams”

452:1xw34rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyHis mind was troubled0

Here “mind” refers to his thoughts. Alternate translation: “His thoughts disturbed him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

462:1g67band he could not sleep0

His troubled thoughts prevented him from sleeping. Alternate translation: “so that he could not sleep”

472:2zsv7Then the king summoned the magicians0

Alternate translation: “Then the king called the magicians”

482:2a7yhthe dead0

Alternate translation: “people who had died”

492:2n5gnthey came in0

Alternate translation: “they came into the palace”

502:2x5f6stood before0

Alternate translation: “stood in front of”

512:3q4dvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochemy mind is anxious0

Here “mind” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “I am anxious” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

522:3wvg5anxious0

Alternate translation: “troubled”

532:4k6f2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAramaic0

This is the language that people in Babylon spoke. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

542:4b8zxKing, live forever!0

The men probably said this to show the king that they were loyal to him. Alternate translation: “King, we hope you will live forever!”

552:4n36ius, your servants0

The men called themselves the kings servants to show him respect.

562:4cba4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusivewe will reveal0

Here the word “we” refers to the men that the king is speaking to and does not include the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])

572:5mdp2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThis matter has been settled0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have already decided what to do about this matter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

582:5nw8rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveyour bodies will be torn apart and your houses made into rubbish heaps0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will command my soldiers to tear your bodies apart and to make your houses into rubbish heaps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

592:6xv1krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveyou will receive gifts from me0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give you gifts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

602:7ux2hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personLet the king tell us0

The wise men addressed the king in the third person as a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

612:8h6gfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryou see how firm my decision is about this0

A decision that will not be changed is spoken of as something firm. Alternate translation: “you see that I will not change my decision about this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

622:9ef89there is only one sentence for you0

Alternate translation: “there is only one punishment for you”

632:9xj29rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletfalse and deceptive words0

These two words mean approximately the same thing and emphasize that these are “lies intended to deceive.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

642:10m1jcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletgreat and powerful0

These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of the kings power. Alternate translation: “most powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

652:11n99mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesthere is no one who can tell it to the king except the gods0

This is stated in negative form for emphasis. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “only the gods can tell this to the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])

662:12xu8yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletangry and very furious0

These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “incredibly angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

672:12y1cfall those in Babylon0

Alternate translation: “all the men in Babylon”

682:13w1hkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationSo the decree went out0

The decree is spoken of as if it was alive and able to go out by itself. Alternate translation: “So the king issued a command” or “So the king gave a command” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

692:13m5crrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveall those who were known for their wisdom were to be put to death0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the soldiers were to kill all of the men who were known for their wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

702:13d4wprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveso they could be put to death0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in order to kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

712:14fm3nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletprudence and discretion0

These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his prudence. Alternate translation: “caution and careful judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

722:14cj8prc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesArioch0

This is the name of the kings commander. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

732:14a4fabodyguard0

This is a group of men whose job is to protect the king.

742:14y853who had come to kill0

Alternate translation: “who the king had sent out to kill”

752:16ju9krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitDaniel went in0

Daniel probably went to the palace. Alternate translation: “Daniel went to the palace” or “Daniel went to talk with the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

762:16jl4rrequested an appointment with the king0

Alternate translation: “asked for a set time to meet with the king”

772:17bbc8his house0

This is referring to Daniels house.

782:17ijt3what had happened0

Alternate translation: “about the kings decree”

792:18uh7cHe urged them to seek mercy0

Alternate translation: “He begged them to pray for mercy”

802:18yhz1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveso that he and they might not be killed0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that the king would not kill them” or “so that the kings bodyguard would not kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

812:19nq22rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThat night the mystery was revealed0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “That night God revealed the mystery” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

822:19s94ithe mystery0

This is referring to the kings dream and its meaning.

832:20e8z9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyPraise the name of God0

Here “name” refers to God himself. Alternate translation: “Praise God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

842:21p54iGeneral Information:0

General Information:

These verses are also part of Daniels prayer.

852:21xy7whe removes kings0

Alternate translation: “he takes away kings authority to rule”

862:21k348rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyplaces kings on their thrones0

Here being on the “throne” refers to ruling over a kingdom. Alternate translation: “makes new kings rule over their kingdoms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

872:22v5bqthe light lives with him0

Alternate translation: “the light comes from where God is”

882:23e5ycrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

This verse is also part of Daniels prayer. He stops addressing God in the third person and switches to the more personal second person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

892:23b3gamade known to me what we asked of you0

Alternate translation: “told me what my friends and I asked you to tell us”

902:23x268made known to us the matter that concerns the king0

Alternate translation: “told us what the king wants to know”

912:24le8hrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesArioch0

This is the name of the kings commander. See how you translated this name in Daniel 2:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

922:24fs73everyone who was wise0

Alternate translation: “the wise men”

932:26z3qqrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBelteshazzar0

This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in Daniel 1:7. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

942:27b59rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe mystery that the king has asked about & not by astrologers0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Those who have wisdom, those who claim to speak with the dead, magicians, and astrologers cannot reveal the mystery about which the king has asked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

952:27r8dhThe mystery that the king has asked about0

This phrase refers to the kings dream.

962:29as3urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe one who reveals mysteries0

This phrase refers to God. Alternate translation: “God, who reveals mysteries” or “God, who makes mysteries known” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

972:30v6btrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethis mystery was not revealed to me0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God did not reveal this mystery to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

982:30qk3nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThis mystery was revealed to me so that you0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He revealed the mystery to me so that you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

992:30ca22rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheknow the thoughts deep within you0

This phrase is using the word “you” referring to the persons mind. Alternate translation: “know the thoughts deep inside your mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

1002:32qp26was made of fine gold0

Alternate translation: “was of fine gold” or “was fine gold”

1012:33n7d7were made partly of iron and partly of clay0

Alternate translation: “were partly of iron and partly of clay” or “were partly iron and partly clay”

1022:34e77jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea stone was cut out, although not by human hands, and it0

This can be stated in active form if it is divided into two sentences. Alternate translation: “someone cut a stone from a mountain, but it was not a human who cut it. The stone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

1032:35si32rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similelike the chaff of the threshing floors in the summer0

This phrase is comparing the pieces of the statue to small and light things which could be blown away by the wind. Alternate translation: “like dry pieces of grass blowing away in the wind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1042:35fe57rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesthere was no trace of them left0

This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “they were completely gone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])

1052:35nfy2filled the whole earth0

Alternate translation: “spread over the whole earth”

1062:36utl6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronounsNow we will tell the king0

Here “we” refers only to Daniel. He may have used to plural form in humility to avoid taking credit for knowing the meaning of the dream that God had revealed to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])

1072:37e2xgking of the kings0

Alternate translation: “the most important king” or “a king who rules over other kings”

1082:37gfj7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletthe power, the strength0

These words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

1092:38lz1mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyHe has given into your hand the place0

Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “He has given you control over the place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1102:38ed9hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe place where the human beings live0

The place is used to represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people of the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1112:38t4ewrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyHe has given over the animals & into your hand0

Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “He has given you control over the animals of the fields and the birds of the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1122:38flm9birds of the heavens0

Here “heavens” is used in the sense of “skies.”

1132:38ffq7rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageYou are the statues head of gold0

In the kings dream the statues head represents the king. Alternate translation: “The golden head symbolizes you” or “The golden head is a symbol of you and your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

1142:39t5ctrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitanother kingdom will arise0

In the kings dream his kingdom is gold so an inferior kingdom would be silver. Alternate translation: “another kingdom, which is of silver, will arise” or “another kingdom, which is represented by the silver parts of the statue, will arise” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

1152:39c45rrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageyet a third kingdom of bronze0

This is symbolic language where the bronze of parts of the statue represent a future kingdom. Alternate translation: “then still another kingdom, which is represented by the bronze parts of the statue” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1162:39k4z1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinala third kingdom0

“kingdom number three” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

1172:40q2dlrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalThere will be a fourth kingdom0

“There will be a kingdom number four” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

1182:40d7bfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similestrong as iron0

The fourth kingdom is spoken of as being as strong as iron. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1192:40rjj2rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageIt will shatter all these things and crush them0

This symbolic language means the fourth kingdom will defeat and replace the other kingdoms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

1202:40qn2jall these things0

Alternate translation: “the previous kingdoms”

1212:41lp4zJust as you saw0

Nebuchadnezzar saw that the feet consisted of clay and iron. He did not see the process of making the feet.

1222:41bc2qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewere partly made of baked clay and partly made of iron0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “were a mixture of baked clay and iron” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

1232:43c3hfthey will not stay together0

Alternate translation: “they will not remain united”

1242:44fan9In the days of those kings0

Here “those kings” refers to the rulers of the kingdoms symbolized by the different parts of the statue.

1252:44d96crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethat will never be destroyed, nor will it be conquered by another people0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy, and that another people never conquer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

1262:45u69arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea stone was cut out of the mountain, but not by human hands0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone cut a stone from the mountain, but it was not a human who cut it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

1272:45xc85reliable0

trustworthy and correct

1282:46hb4src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionfell on his face0

This symbolic act showed that the king was honoring Daniel. Alternate translation: “lay down with his face on the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

1292:46xf46rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivean offering be made and that incense be offered up to him0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his servants make an offering and offer up incense to Daniel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

1302:47jz9sTruly your God0

Alternate translation: “It is true that your God”

1312:47q3ruthe God of gods, the Lord of kings0

Alternate translation: “greater than all the other gods, and King over all other kings”

1322:47ifr1the one who reveals mysteries0

Translate “the one who reveals mysteries” as in Daniel 2:29.

1332:47h6mdto reveal this mystery0

Alternate translation: “to reveal the mystery of my dream”

1342:48lz5pHe made him ruler0

Alternate translation: “The king made Daniel the ruler”

1352:49pp5rShadrach & Meshach & Abednego0

These were the Babylonian names of the three Jewish men who were brought to Babylon with Daniel. See how you translated these names in Daniel 1:7

1363:introfc6f0

Daniel 3 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

The kings new idol

Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego refused to worship the new idol. In the ancient Near East, refusing to worship the king was a sign of rebellion against the king. It was often considered the crime of treason. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]])

The furnace

There was a fourth person with them in the furnace, and because of this they were not hurt. Most scholars believe this to be Jesus before he was born.

1373:1vj2crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyNebuchadnezzar made a gold statue & He set it up0

Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to make a gold statue … They set it up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1383:1l4e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistancesixty cubits tall and six cubits wide0

A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “about 27 meters tall and almost 3 meters wide” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])

1393:1r51yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesPlain of Dura0

This is a location within the kingdom of Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1403:2pj4sprovincial governors & regional governors & local governors0

These are officials who have authority over different sizes of territory.

1413:2yr48treasurers0

These officials are in charge of money.

1423:3qh6fthe provincial governors, regional governors, & officials of the provinces0

See how you translated this list in Daniel 3:2.

1433:3wy5brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe statue that Nebuchadnezzar had set up0

Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the statue that Nebuchadnezzars men had set up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1443:4huk2herald0

This person is an official messenger for the king.

1453:4z125rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveYou are commanded0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “The king commands you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

1463:4by5mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymypeoples, nations, and languages0

Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1473:5xs6tzithers0

These are musical instruments similar to harps. They are shaped like triangles and have four strings.

1483:5c6tzfall down0

Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down”

1493:5mml9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionprostrate yourselves to0

“stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

1503:6z9s5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveWhoever does not fall down and worship, at that very moment, will be thrown into a blazing furnace0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The soldiers will throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not fall down and worship the statue at the very moment they hear the music” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

1513:6xue4fall down0

Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down”

1523:6x9ikblazing furnace0

This is a large room filled with a hot fire.

1533:7x2ppall the peoples, nations, and languages0

Here “all” that means all the people who were present.

1543:7y1q9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymypeoples, nations, and languages0

Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in Daniel 3:4. Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who spoke different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1553:7i26fthe horns, flutes & and pipes0

These are musical instruments. See how you translated these words in Daniel 3:5.

1563:7vyk5fell down0

Here “fell down” means “quickly lay down”

1573:7xg6trc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionprostrated themselves to0

They did this to worship the statue. Alternate translation: “stretched themselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

1583:7mi49rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe golden statue that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up0

Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the golden statue that King Nebuchadnezzars men had set up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1593:8vy1kNow0

This word is used to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer tells about some new people in the story.

1603:9hf48King, live forever0

This was a common greeting to the king.

1613:10dzb5the horns, flutes & and pipes0

These are musical instruments. See how you translated these words in Daniel 3:5.

1623:10jiv5fall down0

Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down”

1633:10h3iurc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionprostrate himself to0

The people would do this to worship the statue. Alternate translation: “stretch himself out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

1643:11u6bmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveWhoever does not fall down and worship must be thrown into a blazing furnace0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Soldiers must throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not lie down on the ground and worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

1653:11qdc6fall down0

Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down”

1663:11p2l2blazing furnace0

This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in Daniel 3:6.

1673:12in2baffairs0

matters having to do with government

1683:12anm2Shadrach & Meshach & Abednego0

These are the Babylonian names of the three Jewish friends of Daniel. See how you translated these names in Daniel 1:7.

1693:12ejy1pay no attention to you0

Alternate translation: “do not pay attention to you”

1703:12e3hsrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionprostrate themselves0

They would do this to worship the statue. Alternate translation: “stretch themselves out on the ground face down in worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

1713:12a7m8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe golden statue you have set up0

Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the golden statue your men have set up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1723:13z18yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfilled with anger and rage0

Nebuchadnezzars anger and rage were so intense that they are spoken of as if they had filled him up. Here “anger” and “rage” mean about the same thing and are used to emphasize how upset the king was. Alternate translation: “extremely angry” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

1733:13jjl4Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego0

These are the Babylonian names of the three Jewish friends of Daniel. See how you translated these names in Daniel 1:7.

1743:14ew5trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyHave you made your minds up0

Here “mind” refers to deciding. To “make up your mind” is an idiom that means to firmly decide. Alternate translation: “Have you firmly decided” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

1753:14nn2trc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionprostrate yourselves to0

The three men would not do this to worship the statue. Alternate translation: “stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

1763:14t6f3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe golden statue that I have set up0

Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the golden statue that my men have set up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1773:15kak3the horns, flutes & and pipes0

These are musical instruments. See how you translated this list in Daniel 3:5.

1783:15l9elfall down0

Here “fall down” means “quickly lie down”

1793:15ws27rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionprostrate yourselves to0

stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

1803:15vth1all will be well0

Alternate translation: “there will no longer be a problem” or “you will be free to go”

1813:15td6rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe statue that I have made0

Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the statue that my men have made” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1823:15gz3yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveyou will immediately be thrown into a blazing furnace0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my soldiers will immediately throw you into a blazing furnace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

1833:15sl8ablazing furnace0

This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in Daniel 3:6.

1843:15z8gtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWho is the god & my hands?0

The king does not expect an answer. He is threatening the three men. Alternate translation: “No god is able to rescue you from my power!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

1853:15hw83rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyout of my hands0

Here “hands” refers to power to punish. Alternate translation: “from my punishment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1863:17d2kcblazing furnace0

This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in Daniel 3:6.

1873:17sj5qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyout of your hand0

Here “hand” refers to power to punish. Alternate translation: “from your punishment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1883:18mc1dBut if not, let it be known to you, king, that0

Alternate translation: “But king, we must let you know that even if our God does not rescue us”

1893:18p84arc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionprostrate ourselves to0

People would do this to worship their gods. Alternate translation: “stretch ourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

1903:18iq7trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe golden statue you set up0

Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the golden statue your men set up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1913:19bt7krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorNebuchadnezzar was filled with rage0

The king was so angry that rage is spoken of as if it were filling him up. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar became extremely angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1923:19e99grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomHe commanded that the furnace should be heated seven times hotter than it was normally heated0

Here “seven times hotter” is an idiom that means to make it very much hotter. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He commanded his men to make the furnace very much hotter than they normally make it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

1933:21r7ttturbans0

A turban is a head covering made of wrapped cloth.

1943:21xya5blazing furnace0

This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in Daniel 3:6.

1953:22v2v9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveBecause the kings command was strictly followed0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Because the men did exactly what the king commanded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

1963:24kzd8Did we not throw three men tied up into the fire0

Alternate translation: “We threw three men tied up into the fire, right”

1973:25gy5src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalThe brilliance of the fourth is like a son of the gods0

The gods were believed to shine brightly with light. Alternate translation: “Man four is shining brightly with light as a son of the gods would shine” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1983:27ru5iThe provincial governors, regional governors, other governors0

These are officials who have authority over different sizes of territory. See how you translated these in Daniel 3:2.

1993:27g7e8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe hair on their heads was not singed0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fire had not singed the hair on their heads” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

2003:27jr79was not singed0

Alternate translation: “was not burned even a little”

2013:27nuu7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivetheir robes were not harmed0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fire did not harm their robes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

2023:27hv4bthere was no smell of fire on them0

Alternate translation: “they did not smell like fire”

2033:28x5harc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey set aside my command0

Not obeying the kings command is spoken of as if they had physically moved it away from them. Alternate translation: “they ignored my command” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2043:28uld8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthey gave up their bodies0

This phrase refers to the three mens willingness to die for what they believed. Alternate translation: “they were willing to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

2053:28iz7qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionprostrate themselves to0

People would do this to worship their gods. Alternate translation: “stretch themselves out on the ground face down in honor of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

2063:28s95dany god except their God0

Alternate translation: “any other god except their God”

2073:29pnl6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveany people, nation, or language & must be torn apart, and that their houses must be made into rubbish heaps0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my servants will tear apart any people, nation, or language … and make their houses into piles of garbage” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

2083:29h7gqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyany people, nation, or language that speaks0

Here “nations” and “language” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated a similar phrase in Daniel 3:4. Alternate translation: “any people from any nation, or those who speak any language that says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

2093:29qb3cspeaks anything against the God0

Alternate translation: “speaks words that do not respect the God”

2103:29t5vbmust be torn apart0

Alternate translation: “must have their bodies torn apart”

2113:29lw5hthere is no other god who is able to save like this0

This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “only their God is able to save like this”

2124:introdu520

Daniel 4 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:3 and 4:34-35.

Special concepts in this chapter

The king becomes insane

The king became insane until he realized that Yahweh was the ruler over everyone, including him.

2134:1s72grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

In this chapter, Nebuchadnezzar tells what God did to him. In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. Verses 19-33 switch to the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. Verses 34-37 change back to first person as Nebuchadnezzar describes his response to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

2144:1ykj3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyKing Nebuchadnezzar sent0

This phrase is referring to the kings messenger as the king himself. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar sent his messengers with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

2154:1sx24rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymypeoples, nations, and languages0

Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in Daniel 3:4. Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

2164:1rcl7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbolewho lived on the earth0

Kings would often exaggerate how wide their kingdom was. Nebuchadnezzar did rule over most of the known world at the time this book was written. Alternate translation: “who lived in the kingdom of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

2174:1ew1jMay your peace increase0

This is a common greeting.

2184:2t8rlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletsigns and wonders0

These words share similar meanings and refer to the amazing things that God had done. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

2194:3jyl3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismHow great are his signs, and how mighty are his wonders!0

Both of these phrases have the same meaning and are used to emphasize how great Gods signs and wonders are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2204:3mz21rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismHis kingdom is & generation to generation0

Both of these phrases have the same meaning and are repeated to emphasize how Gods reign is forever. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2214:4xpm6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

2224:4p8ntrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismwas living happily & was enjoying prosperity0

These two phrases are parallel and mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2234:4zv52rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletmy house & my palace0

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

2244:5fmk5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubleta dream & the images & the visions0

These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

2254:5u6n6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismmade me afraid & troubled me0

These phrases are parallel and they mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2264:6ep7gall the men of Babylon who had wisdom0

Alternate translation: “all the wise men of Babylon”

2274:7l5u7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

2284:8aej3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewho is named Belteshazzar0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who I named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

2294:8dhx3Belteshazzar0

This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in Daniel 1:7.

2304:9x1x7no mystery is too difficult for you0

The can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you understand the meaning of every mystery”

2314:10vz2brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

2324:10ra4ysights0

things that you see

2334:10h4t8its height was very great0

Alternate translation: “it was very tall”

2344:11w5t1rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageIts top reached to the heavens & it could be seen to the ends of the whole earth0

This is symbolic language that exaggerates how tall and how well-known the tree was. Alternate translation: “It seemed that its top reached up to the sky and that everyone in the world could see it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

2354:12c94iits fruit was abundant0

Alternate translation: “there was a lot of fruit on the tree”

2364:12bvq7was food for all0

Alternate translation: “was food for all people and animals”

2374:13s8rqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

2384:13mze4I saw in my mind0

This refers to seeing a dream or vision. Alternate translation: “I saw in my dream”

2394:14l1nvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitHe shouted and said0

It can be made clear that the holy messenger was speaking to more than one person. Alternate translation: “He shouted to some people and said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

2404:14rd55Let the animals flee & from its branches0

Alternate translation: “The animals will flee from under it and the bird will fly away from its branches”

2414:15eb7ustump of its roots0

This is the part of the tree that is left above the ground after a tree is cut down.

2424:15e8ljdew0

the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings

2434:16f3wxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronounsLet his mind be changed & seven years pass by0

Since the tree represents Nebuchadnezzar, the masculine pronouns “his” and “him” in verse 16 refer to the same tree as the neuter pronoun “it” in verse 15. Alternate translation: “The mans mind will change from a mans mind to an animals mind for a period of seven years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])

2444:17k6kqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

2454:17j1ferc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveIt is a decision made by the holy ones0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The holy ones have made this decision” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

2464:17m2nprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe holy ones0

This phrase probably refers to angels. Alternate translation: “the holy angels” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

2474:17y8ihthose who are alive0

Alternate translation: “every living person” or “everyone”

2484:17aas5gives them0

Alternate translation: “gives the kingdoms”

2494:18kjd4Belteshazzar0

This was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in Daniel 1:7.

2504:18jr6iyou are able to do so0

Alternate translation: “you are able to interpret it”

2514:18pl5qthe spirit of the holy gods0

Nebuchadnezzar believed that Daniels power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. These are not the same as “the holy ones” in verse 17. See how you translated this phrase in Daniel 4:8.

2524:19n8fkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

2534:19u9rcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewho was also named Belteshazzar0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who I also named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

2544:19a33vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwas greatly upset for a while, and his thoughts alarmed him0

Daniels understanding of the meaning of the vision is what alarmed him. This can be explicitly stated. Alternate translation: “did not say anything for some time because he was very worried about the meaning of the dream” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

2554:19kf99may the dream be for those who hate you; may its interpretation be for your enemies0

Daniel is expressing his wish that the dream was not about Nebuchadnezzar, even though he knew that it really was about the king.

2564:20vj36rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]). Many terms in this verse are almost the same as in Daniel 4:11. See how you translated that verse.

2574:20x69src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleto the heavens & to the ends of the whole earth0

These phrases are exaggerations to emphasize that everyone everywhere knew how great Nebuchadnezzar was. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

2584:21mm9pGeneral Information:0

General Information:

Many terms in this verse are almost the same as Daniel 4:12. See how you translated that verse.

2594:21rfj9whose fruit was abundant0

Alternate translation: “which bore a great amount of fruit”

2604:22uq3hthis tree is you, king0

Alternate translation: “this tree represents you, king”

2614:22gfs2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismYour greatness has grown & your authority reaches0

These two phrases mean similar things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2624:22s8jtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationYour greatness has grown0

This phrase is using the word “grown” as a way of saying the kings greatness has increased. Alternate translation: “Your greatness has increased” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

2634:23w9s5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

This verse is almost the same as Daniel 4:13-14 and Daniel 4:15-16. See how you translated those verses. Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

2644:23c89tthe stump of its roots0

This is the part of the tree that is left above ground after a tree is cut down.

2654:23i27pin the middle of the tender grass of the field0

Alternate translation: “surrounded by the tender grass of the field”

2664:23bx4zdew0

the moisture that settles on the ground in the mornings

2674:24f3tzthat has reached you0

Alternate translation: “that you have heard”

2684:25fd8src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveYou will be driven from among men0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Men will drive you away from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

2694:25gq52rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveYou will be made to eat grass0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will eat grass” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

2704:26fgn1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

2714:26tcg3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyheaven rules0

Here “heaven” refers to God who lives in heaven. Alternate translation: “God in heaven is the ruler of all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

2724:27yna6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivelet my advice be acceptable to you0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “please accept my advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

2734:27s3j8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorTurn away from your iniquities0

Here rejecting iniquity is spoken of as turning away from it. Alternate translation: “Reject your iniquities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2744:27j7avrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjthe oppressed0

This nominal adjective refers to people who are oppressed. Alternate translation: “people who are oppressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])

2754:27a7umrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveit may be that your prosperity will be extended0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God may extend your prosperity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

2764:28rq19rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

2774:29jn5hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

2784:29ns6trc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersTwelve months0

“12 months” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

2794:30p8hirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionIs this not the great Babylon & for the glory of my majesty?0

Nebuchadnezzar asks this question to emphasize his own glory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is the great Babylon … for the glory of my majesty!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2804:30csl9for the glory of my majesty0

Alternate translation: “to show people my honor and my greatness”

2814:31g7xgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

2824:31fjl7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomWhile the words were still on the lips of the king0

This idiom means the king was still in the act of speaking. Alternate translation: “While the king was still speaking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

2834:31cv67a voice came from heaven0

Alternate translation: “he heard a voice from heaven”

2844:31pt4urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveKing Nebuchadnezzar & has been taken away from you0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “King Nebuchadnezzar, a decree went out against you that this kingdom no longer belongs to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

2854:32f4usrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveYou will be driven away from people0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will chase you away from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

2864:32m551anyone he wishes0

Alternate translation: “whoever he chooses”

2874:33ydj8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

2884:33xpp3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThis decree against Nebuchadnezzar was carried out immediately0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “This decree against Nebuchadnezzar happened immediately” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

2894:33chd6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveHe was driven away from people0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

2904:33t4b6his nails became like birds claws0

Alternate translation: “his fingernails looked like birds claws”

2914:34amm1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

2924:34b17lAt the end of the days0

This refers back to the seven years in Daniel 4:32.

2934:34ltf5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivemy sanity was given back to me0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my sanity came back to me” or “I became sane again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

2944:34ucj3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismI praised & and I honored0

The two phrases refer to the same action. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2954:34nk8urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismFor his reign is an everlasting reign & his kingdom endures from all generations to all generations0

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasize how Gods reign never ends. Alternate translation: “He rules forever and his kingdom will never end” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2964:35ce6urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

2974:35dgr8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveAll the earths inhabitants are considered by him to be as nothing0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He considers all the earths inhabitants as nothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

2984:35cpy8All the earths inhabitants0

Alternate translation: “All the people on the earth”

2994:35p415the army of heaven0

Alternate translation: “the angel armies in heaven”

3004:35zpn8whatever suits his will0

Alternate translation: “whatever satisfies his purpose” or “anything he wants to do”

3014:35im6krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitNo one can stop him0

It may be helpful to add additional detail. Alternate translation: “When he decides to do something, no one can stop him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

3024:35ebf8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotationsNo one can say to him, Why have you done this?0

This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “No one can question what he does.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])

3034:36m6m5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0

General Information:

In verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

3044:36rz1drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationmy sanity returned to me0

Here his sanity is spoken of as if it was able to return by its own power. Alternate translation: “I became sane again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

3054:36pb8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationmy majesty and splendor returned to me0

Here his majesty and splendor are spoken of as if they were able to return by their own power. Alternate translation: “I regained my majesty and my splendor again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

3064:36nq38rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletmajesty and splendor0

These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his glory. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

3074:36c3xymy noblemen sought my favor0

Alternate translation: “my noblemen requested my help again”

3084:36ks6brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyI was brought & greatness was given to me0

Here “throne” refers to his authority to rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I returned to rule my kingdom again, and I received even more greatness” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3094:37zgl2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletpraise, extol, and honor0

All three of these words have basically the same meaning and emphasize how greatly he praised God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

3104:37g1dfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwho walk in their own pride0

This phrase uses “walk” to refer to the person who acts proud. Alternate translation: “who are proud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

3115:introe9pc0

Daniel 5 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

The writing on the wall

God told the new king that he had failed and God was replacing him, showing that God is the real ruler over everything, even kingdoms that do not worship him.

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin

These are words in Aramaic. Daniel “transliterates” these words by writing them with Hebrew letters, and then he explains their meanings. In the ULT and UST they are written with English letters. Translators are encouraged to write them using the letters of the target language alphabet.

3125:1cc4zrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBelshazzar0

This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

3135:1ix8krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersfor a thousand0

“for 1,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

3145:1tre4he drank wine in front of0

Alternate translation: “he drank wine in the presence of”

3155:2cz6erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe containers made of gold or silver0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the gold or silver containers that the Israelites had made” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3165:2gsi3containers0

These were cups and other items that were small enough for a person to hold and to drink from them.

3175:2lad2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyNebuchadnezzar his father had taken0

Here “Nebuchadnezzar” refers to Nebuchadnezzars army. Alternate translation: “his father Nebuchadnezzars army” or “the army of Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

3185:3i1zmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe gold containers that had been taken out of the temple0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the gold containers that the army of Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3195:3msp6out of the temple, the house of God0

“out of Gods temple.” The phrase “the house of God” tells us something more about the temple.

3205:5lkd1At that moment0

Alternate translation: “As soon as they did that” or “Suddenly”

3215:5cra1plaster0

cement or mud that is spread on walls or ceilings to give them a smooth hard surface when it dries

3225:6jn25the kings face changed0

“his face became pale.” This was caused by his fear.

3235:6gbd6his limbs0

Alternate translation: “his legs”

3245:6iee9his knees were knocking together0

This was the result of his extreme fear.

3255:7gz5cthose known for their wisdom in Babylon0

This refers back to those who claimed to speak with the dead, the wise men, and the astrologers.

3265:7ybp9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveWhoever explains this writing and its meaning will be clothed with purple and will have a gold chain around his neck0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give purple clothes and a gold neck chain to whoever explains this writing and its meaning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3275:7ms1trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitclothed with purple0

Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate translation: “dressed in royal clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

3285:7x9virc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalthe third highest ruler0

“the number three ruler” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

3295:9n4lnrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBelshazzar0

This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in Daniel 5:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

3305:9gla9the look on his face changed0

“his face became even more pale.” The face of the king grew even more pale than in Daniel 5:6.

3315:9w9stperplexed0

unable to understand, confused

3325:10rw3vthe queen0

Some modern versions understand this to be a reference to the queen mother, that is, to the kings mother. The queen mother received much honor in ancient Babylon.

3335:10x55iKing, live forever!0

This was a normal way to greet the king.

3345:10zq7cDo not let the look on your face change0

Alternate translation: “There is no need for your face to look so pale”

3355:11bql4the spirit of the holy gods0

The queen believed that Daniels power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. See how you translated this phrase in Daniel 4:8.

3365:11c4n6In the days of your father0

Alternate translation: “When your father was ruling”

3375:11ss1zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivelight and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods was found in him0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he had light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3385:11jg2lKing Nebuchadnezzar, your father the king0

Alternate translation: “Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar”

3395:12n7warc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethese qualities were found in this man Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar, had all of these qualities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3405:12b8d3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhat has been written0

“what has been written on the wall.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what the hand wrote on the wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3415:13hn7grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThen Daniel was brought before the king0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then they brought Daniel before the king” or “Then the soldiers brought Daniel before the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3425:13sd23rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywhom my father the king brought out of Judah0

In this phrase “father” is being used to represent all of the soldiers. Alternate translation: “whom my fathers soldiers brought out of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

3435:14yxu5the spirit of the gods0

Belshazzar believed that Daniels power came from the false gods that Belshazzar worshiped. See how you translated a similar phrase in Daniel 4:8.

3445:14y4eyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivelight and understanding and excellent wisdom are found in you0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have light and understanding and excellent wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3455:15c33vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveNow the men known & have been brought in before me0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Now the men known … have come in before me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3465:15u817make known to me0

Alternate translation: “tell me”

3475:16u2eyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveyou will be clothed with purple and have a gold chain placed around your neck0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give you purple clothes and a gold neck chain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3485:16iyy2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitclothed with purple0

Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate translation: “dressed in royal clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

3495:16pud4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalthe third highest ruler0

“the number three ruler” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

3505:17evt4Let your gifts be for yourself, and0

Alternate translation: “I do not want your gifts, so”

3515:19l2ngrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleall peoples, nations, and languages0

This phrase uses the word “all” as a generalization that represents a large number. Alternate translation: “a great number of people, of different nations and languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

3525:19q693rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymypeoples, nations, and languages0

Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in Daniel 3:4. Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

3535:19bqb5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublettrembled and feared him0

These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the fear. Alternate translation: “were very afraid of him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

3545:19ka6vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyHe put to death those he wanted to die0

This phrase does not mean King Nebuchadnezzar put people to death himself, but rather those he commanded. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar commanded his soldiers to kill those he wanted to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

3555:19t7riHe raised up those he wanted0

Alternate translation: “He raised up those he wanted to raise up”

3565:19qzi2wanted & wished0

These words here mean the same thing.

3575:19db8zhe humbled those he wished0

Alternate translation: “he humbled those he wished to humble”

3585:20zu9prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehis heart was arrogant0

Here “heart” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king was arrogant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

3595:20g3wqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehis spirit was hardened0

Here “spirit” refers to the king himself. His stubbornness is spoken of as if he were hardened. Alternate translation: “the king became stubborn” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3605:20w2txpresumptuously0

rudely and overly confident

3615:20nl2nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhe was brought down from his kingly throne0

Here “throne” refers to his authority to rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people took away his kingdom” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3625:21sl3grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveHe was driven away from humanity0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3635:21v3b5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhe had the mind of an animal0

Here “mind” represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “he thought as an animal thinks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

3645:21amq8dew0

the moisture on the ground that is found in the mornings

3655:21m4naanyone he wishes0

Alternate translation: “whomever he chooses”

3665:22z72qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBelshazzar0

This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in Daniel 5:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

3675:22ij2grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehave not humbled your heart0

Here “heart” refers to Belshazzar himself. Alternate translation: “have not humbled yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

3685:23fmz3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYou have lifted yourself up against the Lord0

To rebel against God is spoken of as raising oneself up against him. Alternate translation: “You have rebelled against the Lord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3695:23qc6hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitFrom his house0

What and where “his house” is can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “From his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

3705:23kj78rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyGod who holds your breath in his hand0

Here “breath” refers to life and “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “God who gives you breath” or “God who has control over your entire life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

3715:23th44all your ways0

Alternate translation: “everything you do”

3725:24i8fsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethis writing was done0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it wrote this message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3735:25rcy6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThis is the writing that was done0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “This is the message that the hand wrote” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3745:25ea1krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterateMene, Mene, Tekel, and Pharsin0

These are the Aramaic words that were written on the wall. Spell these words with the sounds that fit your language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])

3755:26tg8vMene, God has numbered0

Alternate translation: “Mene means God has numbered”

3765:27q5ivTekel, you are weighed0

Alternate translation: “Tekel means you are weighed”

3775:27sg5zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryou are weighed in the scales and are found lacking0

Judging the worthiness of the king to rule is spoken of as weighing him. This means that the king is not worthy to rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has examined your worthiness to rule, and he has found that you are not worthy” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3785:28b18pPeres, your kingdom0

Alternate translation: “Peres means your kingdom.”

3795:28jb22Peres0

This is the singular form of “Pharsin” in 5:25.

3805:28j1p8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveyour kingdom is divided and is given to the Medes and Persians0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has divided your kingdom and given it to the Medes and Persians” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3815:29j9jgrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBelshazzar0

This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in Daniel 5:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

3825:29uvj8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveA chain of gold was put around his neck0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They put a chain of gold around his neck” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3835:29nfx6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalthe third highest ruler0

“the number three ruler” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

3845:31c2bjreceived the kingdom0

Alternate translation: “became the ruler of the kingdom”

3855:31y1sirc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberswhen he was about sixty-two years old0

“when he was about 62 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

3866:introa1xc0

Daniel 6 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations set the content of letters farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the letter in 6:25-27.

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in the letter in 6:26-27.

Special concepts in this chapter

Daniel and the lions

Daniel was thrown into the lions den for praying to Yahweh, but Yahweh protected him and the lions did not hurt him at all.

3876:1xf5zConnecting Statement:0

Connecting Statement:

The events in this chapter take place after the Persians conquered the Babylonians and Darius the Mede began to rule in Babylon.

3886:1y6y9It pleased Darius0

Alternate translation: “King Darius decided”

3896:1a1zkrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers120 provincial governors0

“one hundred and twenty provincial governors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

3906:2dd8rOver them0

The word “them” refers to the 120 provincial governors.

3916:2u9kbso that the king should suffer no loss0

Alternate translation: “so that nothing should be stolen from the king” or “so that no one would steal anything from the king”

3926:3ygu7was distinguished above0

Alternate translation: “excelled above” or “was more capable than”

3936:3aig7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehe had an extraordinary spirit0

Here “spirit” refers to Daniel. It means he had was unusually capable. Alternate translation: “he was and exceptional person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

3946:3ef6fextraordinary spirit0

spirit that made him do better than the others

3956:3ry6mto put him over0

Alternate translation: “to give him authority over” or “to put him in charge of”

3966:4ex6lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThen the other chief administrators and the provincial governors & for the kingdom0

The other administrators were jealous of Daniel. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors became jealous. So they looked for mistakes in the work Daniel did for the kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

3976:4rl5prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveNo mistakes or negligence was found in him0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They could find no mistakes or negligence in his work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3986:4zn7xnegligence0

overly looking your responsibilities

3996:5ek64to complain against this Daniel0

Alternate translation: “to complain about Daniel”

4006:6yf8jbrought a plan before the king0

Alternate translation: “presented a plan to the king”

4016:6ll7vmay you live forever!0

This was a normal way to greet a king.

4026:7x89hrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersfor thirty days0

“for 30 days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

4036:7bw29whoever makes a petition0

Alternate translation: “whoever makes a request”

4046:7l2iqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethat person must be thrown into the den of lions0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your soldiers must throw that person into the den of lions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

4056:7h7ipden of lions0

This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept.

4066:8nj57Connecting Statement:0

Connecting Statement:

In verse 8, the administrators continue to speak to the king.

4076:8v5i8as directed by the laws0

Alternate translation: “according to the laws”

4086:8i7m4cannot be repealed0

Alternate translation: “cannot be canceled”

4096:9dt8kmaking the decree into a law0

Alternate translation: “making the order into a law”

4106:10i5vvWhen Daniel learned that the document had been signed into law0

It is important to the story to state clearly that Daniel knew about the new law before he prayed to God.

4116:10r7ulrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundnow his windows were open in his upper room toward Jerusalem0

This is background information that explains how Daniels enemies knew he was praying to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

4126:10l71qgave thanks before his God0

Alternate translation: “gave thanks to his God”

4136:11v5n3plot0

a plan with evil intent

4146:12gwm4Did you not make a decree & lions?0

They asked this question to make the king confirm that he had made the decree.

4156:12hjs7who makes a petition0

Alternate translation: “who makes a request”

4166:12div1den of lions0

This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in Daniel 6:7.

4176:12zp4nas directed by the law0

Alternate translation: “according to the law”

4186:13c3arThat person Daniel0

This is not a respectful way of referring to Daniel. They intentionally used this phrase to avoid giving Daniel the respect he was due as a chief administrator.

4196:13jia1who is one of the people of the exile from Judah0

Alternate translation: “who is an immagrant from Judah”

4206:13l8ebrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiompays no attention to you0

This idiom means he ignores the king. Alternate translation: “does not obey you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

4216:14u8lhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhe applied his mind0

Here “mind” refers to his thinking. Alternate translation: “he thought very hard about how” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

4226:14ts98He labored0

This refers to mental labor, rather than to physical labor.

4236:15d92jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitno decree & can be changed0

The men were implying that since no decree or statute of the king can be changed, Daniel must be thrown into the pit of lions. This can be stated clearly if needed. Alternate translation: “no decree … can be changed. They must throw Daniel into the pit of lions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

4246:16zny2they brought in Daniel0

Alternate translation: “his soldiers went and got Daniel”

4256:16q3wclions den0

This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in Daniel 6:7.

4266:16a268May your God & rescue you0

The king is expressing his desire for God to save Daniel.

4276:16jd6xrescue you0

Alternate translation: “save you from the lions”

4286:17szf5den0

This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in Daniel 6:7.

4296:17xjj7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe king sealed it with his own signet ring and with the signet rings of his nobles & concerning Daniel0

The function of the signet ring can be stated clearly. The king and the noblemen pressed their rings into a seal made of wax. Alternate translation: “the king pressed his signet ring into a wax seal, the nobles did this too. No one was allowed to break the seal and help Daniel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

4306:17p5t2nothing might be changed concerning Daniel0

Alternate translation: “no one could help Daniel”

4316:18un1jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionhe went through the night fasting0

This symbolic act showed that the king was worried about Daniel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

4326:18a3xdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveNo entertainment was brought before him0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He did not have anyone entertain him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

4336:18sb8rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationsleep fled from him0

Sleep is spoken of as if it could run away from the king. Alternate translation: “he did not sleep at all that night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

4346:19e2wclions den0

This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in Daniel 6:7.

4356:22qn4trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveFor I was found blameless0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He knows that I have done nothing wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

4366:22ssq6I have done you no harm0

Alternate translation: “I have not harmed you at all”

4376:23r1egden0

This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in Daniel 6:7.

4386:23qf7qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveNo harm was found on him0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They did not find any wounds on Daniel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

4396:24qwh3Before they reached the floor0

Alternate translation: “Before they reached the floor of the lions den”

4406:24r63cbroke all their bones to pieces0

Alternate translation: “crushed their bones”

4416:25ty2grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymypeoples, nations, and languages0

Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in Daniel 3:4. Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who spoke different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

4426:25rl1drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbolein all the earth0

King Darius wrote his message to his entire kingdom which was huge. Here it says “all the earth” as a generalization to emphasis how large his kingdom was, though it did not include everyone on the earth. Alternate translation: “in his kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

4436:25zkz8May peace increase for you0

This is a form of greeting that is used to wish someone well in all areas of life.

4446:26m5v6Connecting Statement:0

Connecting Statement:

This continues to state the message that Darius sent to everyone in his kingdom.

4456:26n6v5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublettremble and fear0

These two words are similar and can be combined. Alternate translation: “shake with fear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

4466:26s8vathe God of Daniel0

Alternate translation: “the God that Daniel worships”

4476:26ma86rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismhe is the living God and lives forever0

The two phrases “the living God” and “lives forever” express the same concept, that God lives forever. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4486:26xw4krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismhis kingdom shall & his dominion shall0

These two phrases are parallel, emphasizing how Gods kingdom will never end. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4496:26s6ylrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehis kingdom shall not be destroyed0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will destroy his kingdom” or “his kingdom will last forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

4506:26fcy1his dominion shall be to the end0

Alternate translation: “he will rule forever”

4516:27bld2he has kept Daniel safe from the strength of the lions0

Alternate translation: “he has not allowed the strong lions to hurt Daniel”

4526:28a5brduring the reign of Darius and during the reign of Cyrus the Persian0

Cyrus the Persian was the king who ruled after Darius.

4537:introe18x0

Daniel 7 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 7:9-10, 13-14, and 23-27.

Special concepts in this chapter

The four beasts

There will be four successive kingdoms before Yahweh sets up his eternal kingdom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])

The Son of Man

God will give the Son of Man an eternal kingdom and he will judge people from the books. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])

4547:1cw4arc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageGeneral Information:0

General Information:

Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniels vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

4557:1dme8Belshazzar0

This was the name of Nebuchadnezzars son, who became king after him. See how you wrote this name in Daniel 5:1.

4567:1xdv1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubleta dream and visions0

The words “dream” and “visions” both refer to the same dream that is described in this chapter. Alternate translation: “visions while he was dreaming” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

4577:2mjk7the four winds of heaven0

Alternate translation: “winds from everywhere” or “strong winds from all four directions”

4587:2b48lstirring up0

Alternate translation: “whipped up” or “agitated” or “caused high waves in”

4597:4z5hdrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageThe first was like a lion but had eagles wings0

This was a symbolic creature, and not an animal that exists. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

4607:4a7n9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveits wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on two feet, like a man0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone tore off its wings and lifted it up from the ground and made it stand on two feet like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

4617:4y6v7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe mind of a man was given to it0

Here “mind” refers to thinking. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it the ability to think like a human being” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

4627:5eqm9rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguagea second animal, like a bear0

This was not an actual bear, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a bear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

4637:5i32bribs0

large curved bones of the chest that connect to the spine

4647:5c38prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveIt was told0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

4657:6fl2zrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageanother animal, one that looked like a leopard0

This was not an actual leopard, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

4667:6h4iarc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguagefour wings & four heads0

The four wings and four heads are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

4677:6y1jdit had four heads0

Alternate translation: “the animal had four heads”

4687:6jpn1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveIt was given authority to rule0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it authority to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

4697:7g1ajrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguagea fourth animal & it had ten horns0

This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

4707:7w7wwtrampled underfoot0

Alternate translation: “walked on and crushed”

4717:8j87prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe horns0

Translators may write a footnote like this: “Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

4727:8ga8drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThree of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The little horn tore out three of the first horns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

4737:8d113rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochea mouth that was boasting about great things0

Here the horn was boasting, using its mouth to do so. Alternate translation: “the horn had a mouth and boasted about doing great things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

4747:9dge1rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageGeneral Information:0

General Information:

Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT and UST present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4757:9hw4vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethrones were set in place0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone set thrones in their places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

4767:9xvt9the Ancient of Days0

This is a title for God that means he is eternal. Alternate translation: “the One Who Has Lived Forever” or “the One Who Has Always Lived”

4777:9rc8ytook his seat & His clothing & the hair of his head0

This passage describes God as sitting down, with clothing and hair like a person. This does not mean that God really is like this, but it is how Daniel saw God in a vision.

4787:9crh4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomtook his seat0

This is an idiom that means he sat down. Alternate translation: “sat down on his throne” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

4797:9imw8His clothing was as white as snow0

His clothing is compared to snow to show that it was very white. Alternate translation: “His clothing was very white”

4807:9d5ifrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similethe hair of his head was like pure wool0

Something about Gods hair looked like pure wool. This could mean: (1) it was very white or (2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

4817:9jf7epure wool0

Alternate translation: “clean wool” or “wool that is washed”

4827:9c4leHis throne was flames & its wheels were burning fire0

This describes the throne of God and its wheels as if they were made of fire. The words “flames” and “burning fire” mean basically the same thing and can be translated the same way.

4837:9lhh4its wheels0

It is unclear why Gods throne is described as having wheels. Thrones normally do not have wheels, but the text clearly states that this throne has some kind of wheels. Use a general term for “wheels” if possible.

4847:10rab3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA river of fire flowed out from before him0

The quick way in which fire came from the presence of God is spoken of as if it was water flowing in a river. Alternate translation: “Fire poured out in front of him like water in a river” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4857:10z1dtbefore him0

The word “him” refers to God, the Ancient of Days from Daniel 7:9.

4867:10gka4millions0

This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: “thousands of thousands” or “great numbers of people”

4877:10f9kwone hundred million0

This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: “tens of thousands times tens of thousands” or “uncountable numbers of people”

4887:10h5d3The court was in session0

This means that God, the judge, was ready to investigate the evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: “The judge was ready to judge” or “The judge was seated”

4897:10pyd5the books were opened0

These are the books that contain the evidence to be used in court. Alternate translation: “the books of evidence were opened”

4907:11g8lsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe animal was killed & to be burned up0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they killed the fourth animal, destroyed its body, and gave it to someone to burn it up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

4917:11tqd6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe animal was killed0

The animal was killed because the judge determined that it was guilty. Alternate translation: “they executed the animal” or “the judge commanded and they killed the animal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

4927:11pms3the animal0

This refers to the fourth animal that had the ten horns and the horn that spoke boastfully. Alternate translation: “the most frightening animal” or “the animal that had the boastful horn”

4937:12ayx9the rest of the four animals0

It may be helpful to your readers to say, “the other three animals.”

4947:12dj5prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivetheir authority to rule was taken away0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the judge took away their authority to rule” or “their authority to rule ended” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

4957:12ru76rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivetheir lives were prolonged for a period of time0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they continued to live for a period of time” or “the judge let them live a little longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

4967:13lvf2rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageGeneral Information:0

General Information:

Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4977:13j5t6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileI saw one coming & like a son of man0

The person that Daniel saw was not a normal man, but had a human figure like a man. “I also saw that night someone coming who resembled a son of man, that is, he had a human figure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

4987:13n5qiwith the clouds of heaven0

Alternate translation: “with the clouds of the sky”

4997:13ln6wthe Ancient of Days0

This refers to God who is eternal. See how you translated this title in Daniel 7:9

5007:13pjn2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewas presented before him0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they presented this son of man to the Ancient of Days” or “he stood before him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

5017:14ai49rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveAuthority to rule and glory and royal power were given to him0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

5027:14yv4qroyal power0

This, here, refers to “authority.”

5037:14hc6krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymypeoples, nations, and languages0

Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in Daniel 3:4. Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

5047:14z6xfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismwill not pass away & will never be destroyed0

These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

5057:14sl8krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethat will never be destroyed0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

5067:15xt3drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismmy spirit was grieved inside of me & the visions I saw in my mind troubled me0

These two phrases describe how Daniel was feeling. The second one gives more information about the first one, explaining about his grieved spirit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

5077:15g5s3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochemy spirit was grieved inside of me0

Here “my spirit” refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: “I was very sad inside” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

5087:16z2w1one of them standing there0

This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before Gods throne. This could mean: (1) these are angels, spirits who serve God (2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven.

5097:16fhe1to show me0

Alternate translation: “to tell me” or “to explain to me”

5107:16x45athese things0

Alternate translation: “the things I had seen”

5117:17mw57These large animals, four in number,0

Alternate translation: “These four large animals”

5127:17s2ivare four kings0

Alternate translation: “represent four kings”

5137:17e2vwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomfour kings that will arise from the earth0

Here “from the earth” means they are real people. Alternate translation: “four kings who will come to power on the earth” or “four men who will rise up from among the people of the earth and become kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

5147:18tz29they will possess it0

Alternate translation: “they will rule over it”

5157:18x83src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletforever and ever0

This repetition of ideas emphasizes that this kingdom will never come to an end. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

5167:19qj78very horrifying0

Alternate translation: “very frightening”

5177:19fq88trampled on0

Alternate translation: “walked on and crushed”

5187:20e5t1the ten horns on its head0

Alternate translation: “the ten horns on the head of the fourth animal”

5197:20vi4rgrew up, and before which the three horns fell down0

Alternate translation: “grew up, and about the three horns that fell down in front of it” or “grew up, and about the three horns that fell down because of it”

5207:20vjs9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismbefore which the three horns fell down0

Here “fell down” is a euphemism that means they were destroyed.” Alternate translation: “which destroyed the three horns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])

5217:20frj1the mouth that boasted0

Alternate translation: “its mouth that boasted” or “the mouth of the new horn, that boasted”

5227:20f425that seemed greater than its companions0

the horn with the eyes and a mouth seemed to be greater than the other horns

5237:21xcl9this horn0

“this fourth horn.” This refers to the horn that is described in Daniel 7:20.

5247:22pxx4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveuntil the Ancient of Days came, and justice was given0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

5257:22dui7Ancient of Days0

This is a title for God that emphasizes that he is eternal. See how you translated this title in Daniel 7:9.

5267:22em4nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe holy people received the kingdom0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gave his kingdom to his holy people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

5277:23ec9xrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageGeneral Information:0

General Information:

Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

5287:23mv4hThis is what that person said0

This is the person that Daniel approached in Daniel 7:16.

5297:23p7zfthat person said0

Alternate translation: “that person answered”

5307:23lqc9As for the fourth animal0

Alternate translation: “Concerning the fourth animal” or “Now, about the fourth animal”

5317:23t6garc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorIt will devour & it into pieces0

This does not mean the fourth kingdom will destroy the planet, but that it will brutally attack, conquer, and destroy all other kingdoms on earth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

5327:24x4ncAs for the ten horns0

Alternate translation: “Concerning the ten horns” or “Now, about the ten horns”

5337:24cn9prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitout of this kingdom ten kings will arise0

They will rule one after the other. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “ten kings will rule over this fourth kingdom, one after another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

5347:24iw64rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitanother will arise after them0

This other king is not one of the ten. It may be helpful to refer to him as “the eleventh king.” Alternate translation: “after that an eleventh king will become powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

5357:24qun4He will be different from the previous ones0

Alternate translation: “He will be different from the other ten kings”

5367:24x7hxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithe will conquer the three kings0

He will defeat three of the original ten kings. It may be helpful to state that those three kings are represented by the three horns that were pulled out. Alternate translation: “he will defeat the three kings that were represented by the three horns that were pulled out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

5377:25xih7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomHe will speak words against the Most High0

This means that the newest king will openly disagree with and say bad things about the Most High. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

5387:25ce61He will try & into his hand0

The words “He” and “his” refer to the newest king, not the Most High.

5397:25nt2fthe holy people0

Alternate translation: “Gods holy people”

5407:25w16zchange the festivals and the law0

Both terms refer to the law of Moses. The festivals were an important part of the religion of Israel in the Old Testament.

5417:25hn8prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThese things will be given into his hand0

Here “his hand” refers to his control. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The newest king will control the religous festivals and laws” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

5427:25dnu4one year, two years, and half a year0

This means “three and half years.” This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. Try to translate it in a way that preserves this way of counting. Alternate translation: “one year plus two years plus six months”

5437:26is1xthe court will be in session0

This means that the judge will be ready to investigate evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: “the judge will judge” or “The judge will sit down”

5447:26iln2they will take his royal power away0

Alternate translation: “the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king”

5457:26j3yaroyal power0

This, here, refers to “authority.” See how you translated this in Daniel 7:14.

5467:26plf7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveto be consumed and destroyed at the end0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and consume and destroy it in the end” or “and completely destroy his royal power in the end” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

5477:27hh11rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe kingdom and the dominion & will be given to the people0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will give the kingdom and the dominion … to the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

5487:27c6lfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletThe kingdom and the dominion0

These two terms mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

5497:27p5c7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsthe greatness of the kingdoms0

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word greatness, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

5507:27ry7erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomof the kingdoms under the whole heaven0

The idiom “under the whole heaven” refers to the kingdoms on earth. Alternate translation: “of all the kingdoms on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

5517:27eti4His kingdom0

Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the Most High”

5527:27t3ctan everlasting kingdom0

Alternate translation: “a kingdom that will exist forever” or “a kingdom that will never end”

5537:28v6mqHere is the end of the matter0

This means that Daniel has finished describing the vision. Alternate translation: “That is what I saw in my vision” or “This is the end of the description of what I saw in my vision”

5547:28am3amy face changed in appearance0

Alternate translation: “my face became pale”

5558:introcbk60

Daniel 8 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

The vision of the ram and the male goat

Although specific interpretation of this vision is not given, most scholars believe Daniel saw Greece overthrowing Media-Persia before breaking up into four kingdoms. One of these kingdoms stopped the temple worship for a while and then it was restored. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])

5568:1rft5rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageGeneral Information:0

General Information:

Chapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniels vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

5578:1b6kbrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalIn the third year0

“In year three” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

5588:1er4qBelshazzar0

This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you translated this name in Daniel 5:1.

5598:1h9fwrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundhad a vision appear to me (after the one & first)0

This is background information to remind the reader that this is Daniels second vision. Alternate translation: “had a second vision appear to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

5608:2t4xyfortress0

a walled city that was guarded and protected

5618:2m8kvrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesSusa & Elam & Ulai Canal0

These are names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

5628:2jfs1Canal0

A canal is a narrow man-made waterway.

5638:3kh4src://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguagea ram with two horns0

It is normal for rams to have two horns. These horns, however, have symbolic meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

5648:3buj1but the longer & passed up in length by it0

Alternate translation: “but the longer one grew more slowly than the shorter one, and the shorter one grew to be even longer than it”

5658:4wrr2I saw the ram charging0

Alternate translation: “I saw the ram rushing” or “I saw the ram running very quickly”

5668:4s49erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyto rescue anyone out of his hand0

Rams do not have hands. Here “hand” refers to the rams power. Alternate translation: “to rescue anyone from him” or “to rescue anyone from his power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

5678:5npd3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleacross the surface of the whole earth0

The phrase “the whole earth” is an exaggeration that means he came from far away. Alternate translation: “from far away across the surface of the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

5688:5jv2jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThe goat had a large horn between his eyes0

Goats have two horns on the sides of their heads. This image should be explained. Alternate translation: “The goat had a single large horn in the center of his head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

5698:6ith5in a powerful rage0

Alternate translation: “and it was very angry”

5708:7u36ktrampled0

to crush something by stepping on it

5718:7hh82the ram from his power0

Alternate translation: “the ram from the goat because of his power”

5728:8kr6fthe goat became very large0

Alternate translation: “the goat became very large and strong”

5738:8pt9jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe large horn was broken0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “something broke off the large horn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

5748:8z9lmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomtoward the four winds of the heavens0

Here “the four winds of heaven” is an idiom that refers to the four main directions (north, east, south, west) from which the winds blow. Alternate translation: “in four different directions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

5758:9ys25but which became very large0

Alternate translation: “but it became very large”

5768:9i3jgin the south, in the east, and in the land of beauty0

This probably means it pointed in those directions. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “and pointed toward the south and then toward the east and then toward the beautiful land of Israel”

5778:9umn2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe land of beauty0

This is a reference to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

5788:10pkh2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationIt became so large as to engage in war0

Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is engaging in war. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

5798:10h6exrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveSome of that army & thrown down to the earth0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: The horn threw some of that army and some of the stars down to the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

5808:10iq57rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationit trampled on them0

Here the horn is given qualities of a person that tramples on the stars and on the army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

5818:11akq6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationGeneral Information:0

General Information:

The horn is given qualities of a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

5828:11x2bsConnecting Statement:0

Connecting Statement:

Daniel continues describing his vision of the horn (Daniel 8:9).

5838:11r2zzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe commander of the army0

This refers to God himself, who is the leader of the angel army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

5848:11i4pxIt took away from him the regular burnt offering0

Here “took away” means the horn stopped the offering. Here “him” refers to God, the commander of the army. Alternate translation: “It stopped the people from making their regular burnt offering to him”

5858:11c2s4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe place of his sanctuary was polluted0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it defiled his sanctuary” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

5868:12y31hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe horn will throw truth down to the ground0

The horn ignoring truth and godliness is spoken of as if it will throw truth to the ground. Alternate translation: “The horn will reject the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

5878:13lj18holy one0

Alternate translation: “angel”

5888:13b9yzthe handing over of the sanctuary0

Alternate translation: “the surrender of the sanctuary”

5898:13xj3irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveheavens army being trampled on0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the horn trampling on heavens army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

5908:14ed38rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers2,300 evenings and mornings0

“Two thousand three hundred evenings and mornings.” Here “evenings and mornings” is a merism that refers to everything in between, which means full days. Alternate translation: “2,300 sunsets and sunrises” or “2,300 days” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

5918:14j3q3the sanctuary will be put right0

Alternate translation: “the temple will be purified and set in order again”

5928:16h4dzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochea mans voice calling between the banks of the Ulai Canal0

Here a man is being referred to by his voice. Alternate translation: “a man calling from the Ulai Canal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

5938:16c8qgUlai Canal0

A canal is a narrow man-made waterway. See how you translated this name in Daniel 8:2.

5948:17c9ysrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionprostrated myself on the ground0

This is an act of worship in which someone lies flat on the ground. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

5958:17v6y5the time of the end0

“the final days” or “the end of the world.” This does not refer to the final moment in time, but rather to the events that will happen immediately before the end.

5968:18c89ua deep sleep0

This is a type of sleep when someone is sleeping heavily and does not wake up easily.

5978:19v9etrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe time of wrath0

This refers to the time when God will judge. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the time when God judges in anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

5988:19zif5the appointed time for the end0

Alternate translation: “the time when the world will end”

5998:20bi9vrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageGeneral Information:0

General Information:

In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represent human rulers and kingdoms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

6008:20zfr2two horns—they are0

Alternate translation: “two horns—they represent”

6018:20k8n7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe kings of Media and Persia0

This could mean: (1) this refers to the kings of Media and Persia or (2) this is a metonym in which the kings represents the kingdoms of Media and Persia. Alternate translation: “the kingdoms of Media and Persia” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

6028:21j9y9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe king of Greece0

This could mean: (1) this refers to the king of Greece or (2) this is a metonym in which the king represents the kingdom of Greece. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Greece” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

6038:21h37iThe large horn between his eyes is0

Alternate translation: “The large horn between his eyes represents”

6048:22j764rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageGeneral Information:0

General Information:

In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

6058:22qtr7As for the horn that was broken & four others arose0

Alternate translation: “Where the large horn was broken off, four others arose”

6068:22c6qnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitfour kingdoms will arise from his nation0

The four horns represent the four new kingdoms. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they represent the four kingdoms into which the kingdom of the first king will be divided” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

6078:22z39ibut not with his great power0

Alternate translation: “but they will not have as much power as the king represented by the large horn”

6088:23gk83At the latter time of those kingdoms0

Alternate translation: “As those kingdoms approach their end”

6098:23t2i5shall have reached their limit0

Alternate translation: “have reached their full” or “have run their course”

6108:23x2kugrim-faced0

This means someone who looks defiant, or like he will refuse to obey.

6118:24fm5erc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageGeneral Information:0

General Information:

In these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

6128:24ue1cbut not by his own power0

Alternate translation: “but someone else will give him his power”

6138:25yq8rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationhe will make deceit prosper0

Here “deceit” is spoken of as if it is a person who will prosper. Alternate translation: “the amount of deception will increase” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

6148:25u9tgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyunder his hand0

Here “hand” refers to his rule. Alternate translation: “under his rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

6158:25f6qiKing of kings0

This refers to God.

6168:25asi1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhe will be broken0

Here “he” refers to his power. Alternate translation: “his rule will end” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

6178:25cxx3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymynot by any human hand0

Here “hand” refers to power. This can be also stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “not by any human power” or “by divine power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

6188:26cer6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorseal up the vision0

The angel speaks about the vision as if it were a scroll that could be closed with a wax seal. This prevented anyone from seeing the contents until the seal was broken. Alternate translation: “close and seal up what you have written about the vision” or “do not tell anyone about the vision now” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

6198:27us1lwas overcome and lay weak for several days0

Alternate translation: “was exhausted and lay in bed sick for several days”

6208:27c42hwent about the kings business0

Alternate translation: “did the work that the king had assigned to me”

6218:27v7gdI was appalled by the vision0

Alternate translation: “I was dismayed by the vision” or “I was very confused by the vision”

6229:introsz7n0

Daniel 9 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Daniel told the future

Gabriel told Daniel a prophecy that Jerusalem would be rebuilt. Then later an anointed person would be killed and the worship at the temple stopped. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])

The unusual expression of numbers in 9:24-26

This passage uses the expressions “seventy sevens of years,” “seven sevens and sixty-two sevens,” and “sixty-two sevens of years” to denote ““490 years,” “49 years and then 434 years,” and “434 years,” respectively. The original language uses the idea of a “week” to express the idea of a group of sevens, but these numbers are clearly meant to denote years, not weeks. Most translators should use the ways normal in their languages to express these numbers.

6239:1a2icGeneral Information:0

General Information:

Chapters 7 and 8 were not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king. Chapter 9 now returns to the events of the reign of Darius who became king in chapter 6.

6249:1lvl3rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundIt was Ahasuerus who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians0

This is background information about who Ahasuerus was. The UST places this in parentheses to make that clear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

6259:1y3g6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewho had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who became king over the realm of the Babylonians” or “who conquered the Babylonians” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

6269:1m6bcover the realm0

Alternate translation: “over the country” or “over the kingdom”

6279:2h1p2Yahweh0

This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.

6289:2y2g1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthere would be seventy years until Jerusalems abandonment would end0

“from the time Jerusalem was destroyed, it would remain in ruins for 70 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

6299:2zrc4abandonment0

this means no one would help or rebuild Jerusalem during that time

6309:3xi1vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyI turned my face to the Lord God0

Here “face” represents Daniels attention. Alternate translation: “I focused my attention on the Lord God” or “I directed my thoughts toward the Lord God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

6319:3v1yirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorto seek him0

Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

6329:3ni5zrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionfasting, wearing sackcloth, and sitting in ashes0

These are symbolic acts of repentance and sorrow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

6339:4waz8I made confession of our sins0

Alternate translation: “I confessed our sins”

6349:4q4bdyou are the one who keeps the covenant and is faithful to love those0

Alternate translation: “you do what you said you would do in your covenant, and you faithfully love those”

6359:5bz6lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismWe have sinned and have done what is wrong0

These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

6369:5ie62rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismWe have acted wickedly and we have rebelled0

These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

6379:5fu8vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletyour commands and decrees0

The words “commands” and “decrees” share similar meanings and refer to the whole law. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

6389:6x5whrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyWe have not listened to your servants0

Here “not listened” means they did not obey their message. Alternate translation: “We have not obeyed the message of your prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

6399:6hp4wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyspoke in your name0

Here “name” refers to Gods authority. Alternate translation: “spoke with your authority” or “spoke as your representative” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

6409:6et6zthe people of the land0

Here “land” refers to Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelite people”

6419:7fy69rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorTo you, Lord, belongs righteousness0

Being righteous is spoken of as if “righteousness” were an object that belongs to Yahweh. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word righteousness, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “righteous.” Alternate translation: “Lord, you are righteous” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

6429:7x7i6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorTo us today, however, belongs shame on our faces—for the people0

Being ashamed is spoken of as if “shame” were an object that belongs to people. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word shame, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “But as for us, we are ashamed of what we have done—the people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

6439:7k8farc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusiveTo us today0

The word “us” includes Daniel and the Israelites, but it does not include God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])

6449:7kk5yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombelongs shame on our faces0

This idiom means their shame is visible to all. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

6459:7u1gybecause of the great treachery that we committed against you0

Alternate translation: “because we greatly betrayed you” or “because we were very unfaithful to you”

6469:9vqm3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorTo the Lord our God belong compassion and forgiveness0

Having these traits is spoken of as if they belonged to the Lord. Alternate translation: “The Lord our God is compassionate and forgives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

6479:10kf4grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyWe have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh our God0

Here “voice” refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “We have not obeyed what Yahweh told us to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

6489:11b68wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomturned aside0

The words “turned aside” mean that Israel stopped obeying Gods laws. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

6499:11qk6krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethat are written in the law of Moses0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Moses wrote about in the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

6509:11n3rzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhave been poured out on us0

The abundance of the curse and the oath are spoken of as if they were poured out like water. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have brought upon us” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

6519:12n2ngrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomFor under the whole of heaven0

This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “For in the whole world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

6529:12l46lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethere has not been done anything0

“nothing has been done.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nothing has happened” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

6539:12vbx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhat has been done to Jerusalem0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what you have done to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

6549:13c1fbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveAs it is written in the law of Moses0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “As Moses wrote in the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

6559:13sk3zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomturning away from our iniquities0

Here stopping evil activity is spoken of as turning away from them. Alternate translation: “stopping our evil actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

6569:14dxb5Yahweh has kept the disaster ready0

Alternate translation: “Yahweh has prepared this disaster”

6579:14up2arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywe have not obeyed his voice0

Here “voice” refers to the things that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “we have not done what he told us to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

6589:15wi6xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywith a mighty hand0

Here “mighty hand” is a metonym for strength. Alternate translation: “with great strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

6599:15k82dyou have made a famous name for yourself, as in this present day0

Alternate translation: “you caused people to know how great you are, as you still do today”

6609:15u2zsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismstill we sinned; we have done wicked things0

These two clauses mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad sin is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

6619:15h9adrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusivewe sinned; we have done wicked things0

Daniel and Israel sinned and did wicked things, but “we” does not include God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])

6629:16zd1krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletyour anger and your wrath0

The words “anger” and “wrath” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how terrible Gods anger is when he acts on it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

6639:16g4t8your holy mountain0

This mountain may be holy because Gods temple is there. Alternate translation: “the mountain where your holy temple is”

6649:16t4wbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusiveour sins & our ancestors0

Here “our” refers to Daniel and Israel, but not to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])

6659:16qcc3an object of scorn0

Alternate translation: “a target of disrespect”

6669:17e6hvNow0

This does not mean “at this moment”, but it is a way to show that the next phase in Daniels prayer is about to start.

6679:17u437rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personyour servant & his pleas for mercy0

The words “your servant” and “his” here refer to Daniel. He speaks about himself in the third person as a sign of respect for God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

6689:17ndy1pleas for mercy0

Alternate translation: “requests for mercy”

6699:17a4vqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphormake your face shine on0

The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably as if Yahwehs face shone a light. Alternate translation: “act kindly toward” or “act with favor toward” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

6709:17b52lyour sanctuary0

This refers to the temple in Jerusalem.

6719:18sv8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomopen your ears and listen0

To “open the ears” is an idiom that means to listen. These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniels desire for God to listen to his prayer. Alternate translation: “please listen” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

6729:18jqa4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomopen your eyes and see0

To “open the eyes” is an idiom that means to see. These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniels desire for God to pay attention to his prayer. Alternate translation: “notice us” or “pay attention” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

6739:18gw8irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyis called by your name0

Here “name” represents ownership. Alternate translation: “is your city” or “belongs to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

6749:19y5zwdo not delay0

This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “act quickly”

6759:20n3mamy people Israel0

Alternate translation: “the people of Israel to whom I belong”

6769:21tmu9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe man Gabriel0

This is the same angel Gabriel who appeared in the form of a man in Daniel 8:16. Alternate translation: “Gabriel, who appeared as a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

6779:21m9dwin the vision at the first0

This may refer to the first vision that Daniel had while he was awake. Alternate translation: “in the previous vision” or “in the vision I saw before” or “in a vision before”

6789:21ud8sflew down to me in rapid flight0

Alternate translation: “flew down to me quickly”

6799:21i2asat the time of the evening sacrifice0

The Jewish people sacrificed to God each evening just before the sun went down.

6809:22i4ukrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletinsight and understanding0

The words “insight” and “understanding” mean the same thing and emphasize that Gabriel will help Daniel to understand the message completely. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

6819:23bj8wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe order was given0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gave the order” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

6829:23ke8tconsider this word0

Alternate translation: “think about this message”

6839:23dn8dthe revelation0

This refers back to the prophesy of Jeremiah in Daniel 9:2.

6849:24tn7gSeventy sevens are decreed for your people and your holy city to0

God decreed that he would do the things in this verse for the people and the holy city.

6859:24x7sxSeventy sevens0

This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. Alternate translation: “Seventy times seven years”

6869:24vmn4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youyour people and your holy city0

The word “your” here refers to Daniel. The people are the Israelites and the holy city is Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

6879:24v75src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismto end the guilt and put an end to sin0

The idea is repeated to emphasize how certain it is that this will happen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

6889:24dt4src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomto carry out the vision0

Here “carry out” is an idiom that means to accomplish. Alternate translation: “to accomplish the vision” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

6899:24z31hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletthe vision and the prophecy0

These words in this context mean the same thing. They ensure Daniel that Jeremiahs vision was indeed a prophecy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

6909:25hg9sand sixty-two sevens0

This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. Alternate translation: “seven times seven years … and sixty-two times seven years”

6919:25z58trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletKnow and understand0

These words are used together to make the importance clear. Alternate translation: “You must clearly understand” or “You must know for sure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

6929:25cc6src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionthe anointed one0

Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. Alternate translation: “the person that God anoints” or “the person that God chooses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

6939:25mg6rseven sevens & and sixty-two sevens0

These added together are 69 of the 70 sevens spoken of in verse 24.

6949:25tg7zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveJerusalem will be rebuilt0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

6959:25gs6wmoat0

a deep ditch around a city or building, usually with water in it

6969:25q3nqthe times of distress0

Alternate translation: “a time of great trouble”

6979:26t9v5sixty-two sevens0

This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. See how you translated this number in Daniel 9:25. Alternate translation: “sixty-two times seven”

6989:26pru6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe anointed one will be destroyed and will have nothing0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will destroy the anointed one and he will have nothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

6999:26nzv4the anointed one0

Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. See how you translated this title in Daniel 9:25. Alternate translation: “the person that God anoints” or “the person that God chooses”

7009:26bn3za coming ruler0

This is a foreign ruler, not “the anointed one.” Alternate translation: “a foreign ruler who will come” or “a powerful ruler who will come”

7019:26hpa8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorIts end will come with a flood0

The army will destroy the city and the holy place just as a flood destroys things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

7029:26ite5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveDesolations have been decreed0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has decreed ruin for the city and sanctuary” or “God has declared that the enemy army will destroy everything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

7039:27a45kHe will & he will0

This refers to the coming ruler who will destroy the anointed one.

7049:27zqk4one seven & In the middle of the seven0

Here “seven” is used to refer to a period of seven years. Alternate translation: “seven years … Halfway through the seven years”

7059:27rr1bput an end to0

Alternate translation: “stop” or “halt”

7069:27jsh2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletthe sacrifice and the offering0

These words basically mean the same thing. The repetition is to show that the ruler will prevent all types of sacrifices. Alternate translation: “all forms of sacrificing” or “every type of offering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

7079:27e962rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe wing of abominations0

This may refer to the defensive structures on top of the walls of the temple, which are called “abominations” because they are full of idols. Alternate translation: “the walls of the temple that are full of abominations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

7089:27l267someone who makes desolate0

Alternate translation: “a person who completely destroys”

7099:27i8lkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveA full end and destruction are decreed to be poured out0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has decreed that he will pour out a full end and destruction” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

7109:27x6c9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletA full end and destruction0

These two words or expressions are basically the same. They emphasize how serious and complete the destruction will be. Alternate translation: “Complete destruction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

7119:27t53mthe one who has made the desolation0

Alternate translation: “the person who caused the destruction”

71210:introrcw20

Daniel 10 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter begins a section where Daniel is given a prophecy about the future from an angel. This section continues for the remainder of the book. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])

71310:1if3jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalthe third year of Cyrus king of Persia0

“year 3 of the rule of Cyrus the king of Persia” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

71410:1mci4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea message was revealed to Daniel0

This can also be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God revealed a message to Daniel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

71510:1vf8cinsight0

the ability to understand more than what can be seen

71610:3xqe9delicacies0

These are expensive or rare kinds of food. Alternate translation: “fancy foods”

71710:3af3yuntil the completion of three entire weeks0

Alternate translation: “until the end of three entire weeks”

71810:4s7ncrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonthsOn the twenty-fourth day of the first month0

This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

71910:5p8b1with a belt around his waist0

Alternate translation: “and he was wearing a belt”

72010:5q62trc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesUphaz0

Uphaz is a place. Its location is not known (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

72110:6pv61rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileHis body was like topaz0

His body gleamed with blue or yellow light as if it were made of topaz. Alternate translation: “his body gleamed like topaz” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

72210:6yce2topaz0

a blue or yellow gemstone, also known as beryl, peridot, or chrysolite

72310:6e9xcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similehis face was like lightning0

His face shone brightly as a bolt of lightning shines. Alternate translation: “his face shone with light as bright as the flash of lightning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

72410:6v1ewrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileHis eyes were like flaming torches0

His eyes were bright with light as if they were flaming torches. Alternate translation: “his eyes were so bright that it seemed they had torches burning inside them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

72510:6ugr5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similehis arms and his feet were like polished bronze0

His arms and feet were as shiny as if they were made of polished bronze. Alternate translation: “his arms and feet shone like polished bronze that reflects the light around it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

72610:6vkv7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe sound of his words was like the sound of a great crowd0

His voice was so loud that it was as if a crowd of people were all talking loudly. Alternate translation: “his voice was as loud as a huge crowd all calling out together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

72710:8gpj1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveSo I was left alone and saw0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “No one was with me, and I saw” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

72810:8tiw7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivemy bright appearance was turned into a ruined look0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “my bright appearance turned into looking ruined” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

72910:8pp1zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiommy bright appearance0

This describes the face of someone who is healthy. Alternate translation: “my healthy-looking face” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

73010:8fy67rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora ruined look0

Someones unhealthy, pale face is spoken of as if it were a ruined building. Alternate translation: “pale” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

73110:9kc4lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI fell on my face in deep sleep0

Possible meanings are: (1) Daniel was so scared by what he saw that he deliberately laid on the ground, where he then fainted or (2) Daniel fainted and then fell forward onto the ground. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

73210:10q7sgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheA hand touched me0

Here a persons hand represents that person, probably the man whom Daniel saw in Daniel 10:5. Alternate translation: “Someone touched me with his hand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

73310:11uuf2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveDaniel, man greatly treasured0

This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Daniel, you whom God greatly treasures” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

73410:11r2tdgreatly treasured0

much valued and loved

73510:12xbp6you set your mind to understand0

Alternate translation: “you determined to understand the vision”

73610:12n99arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveyour words were heard0

This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God heard your words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

73710:13qc85prince0

Here this refers to a spirit who has authority over a human nation. Alternate translation: “spirit prince”

73810:13rag2the kings of Persia0

This probably refers to the various kings who ruled over nations in the Persian Empire, and who had to obey the king of Persia.

73910:13as4yMichael, one of the chief princes0

Alternate translation: “Michael, on of the chief angels” or “Michael, one of the archangels”

74010:15lq7dI turned my face toward the ground0

“I looked at the ground.” Daniel may have done this to show humble reverence, or because he was afraid.

74110:16dt5jOne who was like the sons of man0

This may refer to the one who had just spoken to Daniel. However, some versions interpret it as referring to a different person. Alternate translation: “This one, who looked like a human”

74210:16wv9erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomlike the sons of man0

Here this expression refers to human beings in general. Alternate translation: “like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

74310:16na7sagony0

severe emotional suffering

74410:17t4pnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionI am your servant. How can I talk with my master?0

Daniel asks this question meaning that he cannot speak to the angel because he is not the angels equal. These sentences can be combined. Alternate translation: “I am not able to answer you because I am only your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

74510:17by59rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthere is no breath left in me0

This idiom refers to breathing. Alternate translation: “I cannot breathe” or “its very hard to breathe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

74610:18wh3xthe one with an appearance of a man0

Alternate translation: “the one who looked like a human”

74710:19j55aBe strong now, be strong0

The words “be strong” are repeated for emphasis.

74810:19w36nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveman greatly treasured0

This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you whom God greatly treasures” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

74910:19u5hyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveI was strengthened0

This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I became strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

75010:20tku1the prince of Persia0

Here “prince” refers to a spirit who rules and guards a human nation. See how you translated a similar phrase in Daniel 10:13. Alternate translation: “the spirit prince of Persia”

75110:21k4rhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitBut I will tell you0

This implies that the angel will tell Daniel about this immediately, before he goes away. Alternate translation: “But first I will tell you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

75210:21gx6arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhat is written in the Book of Truth0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what the Book of Truth says” or “what someone wrote in the Book of Truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

75310:21f6mzwho shows himself to be strong0

Alternate translation: “who proves himself to be strong”

75410:21x9usThere is no one who shows himself to be strong with me against them, except Michael your prince0

Alternate translation: “Michael your prince is the only one to show himself strong with me against them” or “Michael your prince is the only one who helps me against them”

75510:21t5rlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youMichael your prince0

The word “your” is plural. It refers to Daniel and the rest of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Michael, the prince of your people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

75610:21p2z5Michael your prince0

“Michael your guardian angel.” Translate “prince” when it refers to Michael as you did Daniel 10:13.

75711:introee960

Daniel 11 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The final prophecy continues in this chapter. The kings of the North and of the South will fight many wars against each other. The king of the South is probably a reference to Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])

75811:1iik8General Information:0

General Information:

In Daniel 11:1 through 12:4, the one who was speaking to Daniel in chapter 10 tells him what is written in the book of truth. This is as he said he would do in Daniel 10:21.

75911:1rm8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitIn the first year of Darius0

Darius was the King of the Medes. “The first year” refers to the first year that he was king. Alternate translation: “In the first year of the reign of Darius” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

76011:2eq9gThree kings will arise in Persia0

Alternate translation: “Three kings will rule over Persia”

76111:2ed2crc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinala fourth will be far richer than all the others0

“after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

76211:2dk4xpower0

This could mean: (1) authority or (2) military power.

76311:2e62rhe will stir up everyone0

Alternate translation: “he will cause everyone to want to fight”

76411:3l9xyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA mighty king will rise up0

The idea of rising up or standing is often used for someone who becomes powerful. Alternate translation: “A mighty king will begin to reign” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

76511:3xg79who will rule a very great kingdom0

This could mean: (1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or (2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power.

76611:4ti9prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehis kingdom will be broken and divided0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will break apart and divide” or “his kingdom will break apart into pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

76711:4ewb2the four winds of heaven0

See how you translated this in Daniel 7:2.

76811:4v3mcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisbut not to his own descendants0

The idea of not being divided and shared out is implied here. Alternate translation: “but it will not be divided for his own descendants” or “but it will not be shared by his own descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])

76911:4a3z5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehis kingdom will be uprooted for others besides his descendants0

The kingdom is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone destroyed by uprooting it. This idea can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “another power will uproot and destroy his kingdom and others who are not his descendants will rule over it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

77011:5xd9kone of his commanders will become even stronger than he and will rule his kingdom with great power0

A commander of the king of the South will become the king of the North.

77111:6lv1jthey will make an alliance0

The king of the South will make an alliance with the king of the North. This alliance would be a formal agreement that both nations are required to follow. Alternate translation: “the king of the South and the king of the North will promise to work together”

77211:6n6pdThe daughter of the king of the South will come & to confirm the agreement0

The king of the South will give his daughter in marriage to the king of the North. The marriage will confirm the agreement between the two kings.

77311:6lf4zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorher arms strength & his arm0

Here “arm” stands for power. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

77411:6d6vsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveShe will be abandoned0

This appears to refer to a plot to kill her and those who made the alliance. This phrase may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “They will abandon her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

77511:7dvw9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora branch from her roots0

This family is spoken of as if it were a tree. The roots represent ancestors, and the branch represents a descendant. Alternate translation: “a descendant of her ancestors” or “one of her descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

77611:7rfw3her roots0

The word “her” refers to the daughter of the king of the South in Daniel 11:6.

77711:7u8jkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheHe will attack the army0

The word “he” refers to her descendant, and here it also refers to his army. Alternate translation: “He and his army will attack the army of the king of the North” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

77811:7jj5jHe will fight them0

Here “them” represents the soldiers of the enemy army. Alternate translation: “He will fight the enemy soldiers”

77911:9lpm6but he will withdraw0

The word “he” refers to the king of the North.

78011:10b8neHis sons0

Alternate translation: “The sons of the king of the North”

78111:10d4adassemble a great army0

Alternate translation: “gather together many men who can fight in battles”

78211:10t3xurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similewill flood everything0

The way the large army covers the land will be like a flood of water. Alternate translation: “will be so great in number that they will cover all the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

78311:11z45ywill raise up a great army0

Alternate translation: “will assemble a great army”

78411:11wzt8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe army will be given into his hand0

Here “hand” represents the control of the king of the South. Alternate translation: “the king will surrender the army to the king of the South” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

78511:12dv6krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe army will be carried off0

This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “The king of the South will capture the army of the North” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

78611:12sc8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill be lifted up0

Being lifted up represents the idea of becoming very proud. Alternate translation: “will become very proud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

78711:12yul2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywill make tens of thousands to fall0

Here falling represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: “will have his army kill many thousands of his enemies” or “will kill many thousands of his enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

78811:12tj1urc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberstens of thousands0

“many thousands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

78911:13lhx7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea great army supplied with much equipment0

This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a great army that has much equipment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

79011:14d4rtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphormany will rise against the king0

Here the idea of rising up represents rebelling. Alternate translation: “many people will rebel against the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

79111:14l5gprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorSons of the violent0

This expression stands for violent people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

79211:14rd3trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey will stumble0

Here stumbling represents failing. Alternate translation: “they will not succeed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

79311:15eu1nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThe king of the North will come0

Here “king of the North” includes his army also. Alternate translation: “The army of the king of the North will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

79411:15tqb1pour out earth for siege mounds0

This refers to the piling up of earth in order for soldiers to reach the height of city walls in order to attack them. Soldiers and slaves would put loose earth in baskets, carry them to the right place, and pour it out in order to raise the mounds.

79511:15f3vifortifications0

walls and other things built to defend a city or fort from enemy soldiers

79611:15em5hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywill not be able to stand0

Here standing represents the ability to fight. Alternate translation: “will not be able to keep fighting against them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

79711:16nm4jthe one who comes will act according to his desires against him0

Alternate translation: “the invading king will do whatever he wants against the other king”

79811:16zl4irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyHe will stand in0

Here standing represents ruling. Alternate translation: “The king will begin to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

79911:16d31fthe land of beauty0

This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in Daniel 8:9.

80011:16bmr3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphordestruction will be in his hand0

Here “destruction” represents the power to destroy. Also, the power to destroy is spoken of as if it were something that someone could hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “he will have power to destroy anything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

80111:17cr5frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomset his face0

This is an idiom for a person deciding to do something and not being willing to change his mind. Alternate translation: “decide” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

80211:17hz1prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymycome with the strength of his entire kingdom0

This probably refers to military power. Alternate translation: “come with the force of all his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

80311:17pl8vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idioma daughter of women0

This is an elegant way of saying “a woman.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

80411:18y98awill end his arrogance0

Alternate translation: “will make the king of the North stop being arrogant”

80511:18t5p9will cause his arrogance to turn back upon him0

Alternate translation: “will cause the king of the North to suffer because he was arrogant toward others”

80611:19ef5yhe will pay attention0

Alternate translation: “the king of the North will pay attention”

80711:19x9wdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhe will not be found0

This is a way of saying that he will die. This idea can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will disappear” or “he will die” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

80811:20kdc5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorsomeone will rise up in his place0

Rising up in a kings place represents becoming king in place of the previous king. Alternate translation: “another man will become king of the North instead of that king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

80911:20j9ngrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwill make a tax collector pass through0

The tax collector will go through the land forcing people to pay taxes. Alternate translation: “will send someone to make the people pay taxes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

81011:20c17crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe will be broken0

Here “he” refers to the new king. Being broken represents dying. Alternate translation: “the new king will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

81111:20j9t5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbut not in anger0

This could mean: (1) no one was angry at the king, or (2) that the occasion and cause of the kings death were kept secret. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

81211:21jzb9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea despised person to whom the people will not have given the honor of royal power0

The people will refuse to acknowledge him as king because he is not a descendant of kings. Alternate translation: “a person whom the people will despise and will not honor as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

81311:22h918rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveAn army will be swept away like a flood from before him0

Being swept away represents being destroyed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

81411:22pp6nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveBoth that army and the leader of the covenant will be destroyed0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

81511:22kdw5the leader of the covenant0

“the leader of the priests.” This phrase refers to the person who filled the most important religious position that God required in his covenant, that of the high priest.

81611:23ws3qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveFrom the time an alliance is made with him0

This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When other rulers make a peace treaty with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

81711:24ml78will spread among his followers0

Alternate translation: “will distribute to his followers”

81811:24e41lthe booty, the plunder, and the wealth0

Alternate translation: “the valuable things that he and his army take from the people they defeat”

81911:25gu4arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationHe will wake up his power and his heart0

Power and heart (that is, courage) are spoken of as if they were people whom someone could wake up in order to make them act. Alternate translation: “He will make himself powerful and will become courageous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

82011:25xr4irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorheart0

Here this represents courage. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

82111:25l4sgwith a great army0

Alternate translation: “with a great army that he will assemble”

82211:25iy35will wage war0

Alternate translation: “will fight against him”

82311:25a8rnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe will not stand0

Not standing represents being defeated. Alternate translation: “the king of the South will be defeated” or “his army will be defeated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

82411:26q6x3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythose who eat his fine food0

This refers to the kings advisers. It was usual for a kings most trusted advisers to eat meals with him. Alternate translation: “the kings best advisers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

82511:26ia23rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorHis army will be swept away like a flood0

Here the severe defeat of an army is spoken of as a flood of water that completely sweeps it away. Alternate translation: “The enemy will completely defeat his army” or “His enemy will completely destroy his army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

82611:26vhr4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiommany of them will fall killed0

Here “fall” is an idiom that refers to dying in battle, so “fall” and “killed” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “many of his soldiers will die in battle” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

82711:27uf6frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwith their hearts set on evil against each other0

Here “heart” represents a persons desires. Desires are spoken of here as if they were an object that someone could set or place in a certain position. Alternate translation: “each determined to do evil to the other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

82811:27hy3irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywill sit at the same table0

Sitting at the same table represents the act of talking to each other. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

82911:27l9y8but it will be of no use0

Alternate translation: “but their talking will not help them”

83011:27yqf8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveFor the end will come at the time that has been fixed0

This tells why their meetings will not be successful. Alternate translation: “The result of their actions will only come at the time that God has fixed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

83111:28gj2crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyriches, with his heart set against the holy covenant0

Here “heart” represents the mind or thoughts of a person. The idiom “his heart set against” means to be determined to oppose something. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “riches. He will be determined to oppose the holy covenant” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

83211:28bn8yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywith his heart set against the holy covenant0

The kings desire to act against the holy covenant represents his desire to stop the Israelites from obeying that covenant. Alternate translation: “determined to stop the Israelites from obeying the holy covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

83311:28x22zthe holy covenant0

Here “holy” describes Gods covenant with Israel. It implies that the covenant should be honored and obeyed because it comes from God himself. Alternate translation: “Gods covenant, which all the Israelites should obey”

83411:28cg5drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitHe will act0

This implies that the king will do certain actions in Israel. Alternate translation: “He will do what he wants to in Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

83511:30ql6src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyships of Kittim will come against him0

The ships represent the army coming in those ships. Alternate translation: “an army will come from Kittim in ships in order to fight his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

83611:30vt1jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesKittim0

This may refer to a settlement on the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

83711:30n36nHe will be furious against the holy covenant0

Alternate translation: “He will hate the holy covenant”

83811:30y4cmwill show favor to those0

Alternate translation: “will act in favor for those” or “will help those”

83911:31n2xyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomHis forces will rise up0

“His army will appear” or “His army will come.” The word “His” refers to the king of the North. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

84011:31cjf5the fortress sanctuary0

Alternate translation: “the sanctuary that the people use as a fortress”

84111:31gq2grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThey will take away the regular burnt offering0

Taking away the offering represents preventing people from offering it. Alternate translation: “They will stop the priests from presenting the regular burnt offering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

84211:31e91vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe abomination that causes desolation0

This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. Alternate translation: “the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple” or “the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

84311:32g7ndacted wickedly against the covenant0

Alternate translation: “wickedly disobeyed the covenant”

84411:32qcz6corrupt them0

Alternate translation: “persuade them to do evil”

84511:32th7nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywho know their God0

Here “know” means “be faithful.” Alternate translation: “who are faithful to their God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

84611:32v4tgwill be strong and will take action0

Alternate translation: “will be firm and resist them”

84711:33fs3lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey will stumble by the sword and by flame0

Here “stumble” is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. Here “sword” represents battles and warfare, and “flame” represents fire. Alternate translation: “they will die in battle and by burning to death” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

84811:33i91vthey0

This refers to the wise persons among the Israelites.

84911:33kc6hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey will stumble into captivity and into being robbed for days0

Here “stumble” is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. The phrase “being robbed” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will become slaves and their enemies will rob them of their possessions for days” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

85011:34ji6crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethey will be helped with a little help0

This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “others will give them a little help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

85111:34z23fIn hypocrisy many will join themselves with them0

This refers to other people who will pretend to help the wise persons, but not because they truly wish to help them.

85211:34w3l4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill join themselves0

Here “join themselves” represents “come to help.” Alternate translation: “will come to help them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

85311:35u9twSome of the wise will stumble & until the time of the end0

This suffering will continue until the time when God has decided that it will end.

85411:35f174rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorSome of the wise will stumble0

Here “stumble” represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

85511:35ip6iso that refining will happen to them0

Here “so that” means “with the result that.” Alternate translation: “with the result that refining will happen to them”

85611:35c7itrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsrefining will happen to them, and cleansing, and purifying0

These three activities are expressed here as if they were things. However, they may be expressed as actions, either in passive form or in active form. Alternate translation: “they will be refined, cleansed, and purified” or “their suffering will refine, cleanse, and purify them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

85711:35t14zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorrefining0

This refers to the purifying of metal by melting it in a fire. When God makes his people more faithful to himself, this is spoken of as if they were metal that a worker was making more pure by putting it into fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

85811:35x3zqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorcleansing0

This refers to making people, places, or objects suitable for Gods use by separating them from sin and other forms of evil. It speaks of evil as if it were physical dirtiness that could be removed by washing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

85911:35xl1lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorpurifying0

This idea is very similar to refining, discussed earlier. Metal that is refined can also be said to be purified. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

86011:35p8p8time of the end0

“the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in Daniel 8:17.

86111:35a7hvthe appointed time is still to come0

Here “appointed time” implies that God has set the time. This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has set the time in the future”

86211:36ytf5The king will act according to his desires0

Alternate translation: “The king will do whatever he wants”

86311:36pn6uThe king0

This refers to the king of the North.

86411:36v9x7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletlift himself up and make himself great0

The phrases “lift himself up” and “make himself great” mean the same thing and indicate that the king will become very proud. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

86511:36sy4crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorlift himself up0

Here this represents becoming very proud. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

86611:36z6ykrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphormake himself great0

Here this represents pretending to be very important and powerful. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

86711:36w4pmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe God of gods0

This refers to the one true God. Alternate translation: “the supreme God” or “the only true God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

86811:36s173astonishing things0

Alternate translation: “terrible things” or “shocking things”

86911:36m82mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoruntil the wrath is completed0

This phrase pictures God as storing up his wrath until his storeroom is completely full of it and he is ready to act according to it. Alternate translation: “until God is completely angry with him” or “until God is angry enough to take action against him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

87011:37swa4the god desirable to women0

This seems to refer to the pagan god named Tammuz.

87111:38a7fhthe god of fortresses0

The king probably believed that this false god would help him to attack other peoples fortresses and keep his own. Alternate translation: “the god that controls fortresses”

87211:38zdm8instead of these0

The word “these” refers to the gods mentioned in Daniel 11:37.

87311:39xrm1he will divide up the land as a reward0

This could mean: (1) “he will give the land to his followers as a reward” or (2) “he will sell land to his followers”

87411:40tuf1the time of the end0

“the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in Daniel 8:17.

87511:40m1zirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe king of the South & The king of the North0

These phrases stand for the kings and their armies. Alternate translation: “the king of the South and his army … The king of the North and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

87611:40r8tvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill storm against him0

Violently attacking with an army is spoken of as if a storm happened. Alternate translation: “will attack him like a violent storm” or “will violently attack him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

87711:40nk95rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorflood them0

When an army overruns a country, it is spoken of as if a flood occurred. See how you translated this in Daniel 11:10. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

87811:40pc82rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitpass through0

Nothing will stop the army. Alternate translation: “will pass through the lands with no one to stop him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

87911:41w7zhthe land of beauty0

This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in Daniel 8:9 and Daniel 11:16.

88011:41v51yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywill fall0

Here falling represents the action of dying. Alternate translation: “will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

88111:41vkd7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyBut these will escape from his hand0

Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “But these will escape from his power” or “But he will not be able to destroy these nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

88211:42bs1vGeneral Information:0

General Information:

This is still about the king of the North.

88311:42ti2erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorHe will extend his hand into lands0

Here “hand” represents power and control. Alternate translation: “He will extend his control over various lands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

88411:42ef52rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinto lands0

Here the idea is many lands or various lands. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

88511:42w3i4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe land of Egypt will not be rescued0

This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “the land of Egypt will not escape” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

88611:43n537rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe Libyans and the Cushites will be in his footsteps0

Here “footsteps” represent submission. Alternate translation: “the Libyans and the Cushites will have to serve him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

88711:43qp3zrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesthe Libyans and the Cushites0

“the people of Libya and Cush.” Libya is a country west of Egypt, and Cush is a country south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

88811:44m79fGeneral Information:0

General Information:

This is still about the king of the North.

88911:44et68rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounshe will go out with great rage0

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word rage, you can express the same idea with another word such as “angry.” It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: “he will be very angry and will go out” or “he will become very angry and will go out with his army” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

89011:44n5jurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymygo out0

To “go out” represents the action of attacking the enemy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

89111:44dsf1to set many apart for destruction0

Alternate translation: “to destroy many people”

89211:45cil2the tent of his royal residence0

This refers to the kings luxurious tents that he lived in when he was with his army in time of war.

89311:45dk8ubetween the seas and the mountain of the beauty of holiness0

This probably refers to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and Temple Mount in Jerusalem.

89411:45k8sprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe mountain of the beauty of holiness0

This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where Gods temple was. See how you translated somewhat similar phrases in Daniel 9:16 and Daniel 9:20. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

89512:introl8k20

Daniel 12 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The final prophecy concludes in this chapter. It tells about the future resurrection of the dead and the final judgment. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/judgmentday]])

89612:1c4hlMichael, the great prince0

Michael is an archangel. Here he is also given the title “great prince.”

89712:1svv2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomMichael & will rise up0

Here “rise up” is an idiom that means to appear. Alternate translation: “Michael … will appear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

89812:1c1icrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveyour people will be saved0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. You can also make it clear that God will save the people. Alternate translation: “God will save your people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

89912:1n3vdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhose name is found written in the book0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. You can also make it clear that God writes names in the book. Alternate translation: “whose name God has written in the book” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

90012:2e327rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismthose who sleep in the dust of the earth will rise up0

The phrase “sleep in the dust of the earth” is another way of referring to those who have died. Here “rise up” is an idiom that means to come back to life. Alternate translation: “those who have died will come back to life” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

90112:3yt7brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThose who are wise will shine like the brightness of the sky above0

This refers to Gods people who will share their wisdom with those around them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

90212:3g6t2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthose who turn many to righteousness0

This refers to those who help others understand that they are separated from God, as if they were changing the direction in which they were going. Alternate translation: “those who teach others to live righteously” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

90312:3jd17rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similethose who turn & are like the stars forever and ever0

These people are compared to the stars that shine. Alternate translation: “those who turn … will shine brightly like the stars forever and ever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

90412:4qed5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyclose up these words; keep the book sealed0

Here “words” represents the book. Alternate translation: “close this book and keep it sealed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

90512:4mb3vtime of the end0

“the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in Daniel 8:17.

90612:4krj6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitMany will run here and there, and knowledge will increase0

This seems to happen before “the time of the end” during which time the book is sealed. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Before that happens, many people will travel here and there, learning more and more about many things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

90712:5q8a8General Information:0

General Information:

Daniel goes on to tell what he saw next in this vision that began in Daniel 10:1.

90812:5mxu1there were two others standing0

Alternate translation: “there were two other angels standing”

90912:6d2x2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe man clothed in linen0

This refers to the angel who appeared to Daniel in Daniel 10:5, not to one of the angels who is standing beside the river. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

91012:6cw1uupstream along the river0

This could mean: (1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or (2) the angel was further upstream along the river.

91112:6x2yzHow long will it be to the end of these amazing events?0

“How long will these amazing events last?” This refers to the time from the beginning to the end of the events.

91212:6g6y7these amazing events0

At the time when the angel spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in Daniel 12:1-4, and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11.

91312:7z28brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe man clothed in linen0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

91412:7s5j3the one who lives forever0

Alternate translation: “God, who lives forever”

91512:7i56rit would be for a time, times, and half a time0

It is best to leave it ambiguous as to when this begins. If you must choose a starting point, the three and a half years probably start with the events of Daniel 12:1-4.

91612:7rue1a time, times, and half a time0

“three and a half years.” These “times” are generally understood to refer to years. One and two and a half equal three and a half.

91712:7fme6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveall these things will be completed0

If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all these things will have happened” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

91812:7ir93all these things0

At the time when the man clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This refers to the events in Daniel 12:1-4, and may include the events in the vision from chapter 11.

91912:8as7uMy master0

Daniel refers to the angel clothed in linen as “My master” to show respect to the angel.

92012:8cd6nof all these things0

At the time when the angel clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in Daniel 12:1-4, and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11.

92112:9g3nwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfor the words are shut up and sealed0

The vision that was given to Daniel was not to be explained. The book was sealed and no one could access it. Alternate translation: “for you are to close up and seal the words you have written” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

92212:9c98pthe time of the end0

“the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in Daniel 8:17.

92312:10k53frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveMany will be purified, cleansed, and refined0

Yahweh does the purifying. These three terms mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will purify, cleanse, and refine many people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

92412:10nnz4refined0

purified by removing anything that does not belong in them

92512:10b2dgbut the wicked will act wickedly0

The evil people will do evil or sinful things.

92612:10z62cNone of the wicked will understand0

The evil people can not understand spiritual knowledge.

92712:10j874but those who are wise will understand0

Alternate translation: “but those who obey Yahweh are wise and will understand”

92812:11ux9krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe regular burnt offering is & is set up0

The king of the north is the one who stops the temple sacrifices. Alternate translation: “the king of the North takes away the regular burnt offering and sets up the abomination that causes complete desolation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

92912:11cg65rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe abomination that causes complete desolation0

This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. See how you translated this in Daniel 11:31. Alternate translation: “the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple” or “the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

93012:11f32xrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers1,290 days0

“one thousand two and hundred ninety days” or “twelve hundred and ninety days.” Here “days” refers to a period of time. Most commonly rendered as days, but can also imply years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

93112:12gpx3Blessed is the one who waits0

Alternate translation: “Blessed is the person who waits” or “Blessed is anyone who waits”

93212:12dy9twho waits0

Alternate translation: “who remains faithful”

93312:12lqv9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthe 1,335 days0

“one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days” or “thirteen hundred and thirty-five days.” Here “days” is referring to a period of time most commonly rendered as days. However, it can also imply years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

93412:13md7kYou must go0

“Daniel, you must go” This refers to Daniel continuing to live and serve the kings until the appointed time of his death.

93512:13gv9drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismyou will rest0

This is a gentle way of saying “you will die.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])

93612:13kjx5You will rise0

This is referring to the first resurrection of the dead when the righteous people will be raised up.

93712:13vf3xthe place assigned to you0

Alternate translation: “the place God has assigned to you”