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1 | Book | Chapter | Verse | ID | SupportReference | OrigQuote | Occurrence | GLQuote | OccurrenceNote |
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2 | ACT | front | intro | mw28 | 0 | Introduction to ActsPart 1: General IntroductionOutline of the book of Acts
Luke makes transitional statements at 6:7, 9:31, 12:24, 16:5, and 19:20 to mark the movement from each major part of the book to the next part. What is the book of Acts about?The book of Acts tells the story of the early church. It relates how more and more people, from different backgrounds and in different parts of the Roman Empire, became believers in Jesus. It shows the power of the Holy Spirit helping the early Christians. The events in this book begin with the return of Jesus to heaven and they end about 30 years later. How should the title of this book be translated?Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “The Acts of the Apostles.” Or translators may choose a different title, for example, “The Acts of the Holy Spirit through the Apostles.” Who wrote the book of Acts?The author of this book does not give his own name. However, the book is dedicated to Theophilus, the same person to whom Luke dedicated his story of the life of Jesus, the Gospel of Luke. Also, in parts of this book, the author uses the word “we.” This indicates that the author traveled with Paul. Most scholars think that Luke was this person who traveled with Paul. Therefore, since early Christian times, most Christians have thought that Luke was the author of the book of Acts as well as the Gospel of Luke. Luke was a medical doctor. His way of writing shows that he was an educated man. He was probably a Gentile. He personally witnessed many of the events that he describes in the book of Acts. Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural ConceptsWhat is the church?The church is the community of people who believe in Jesus as their Lord and Savior. The church includes both Jewish and Gentile believers. The book of Acts shows God helping the church. It shows God doing signs and wonders to confirm the church’s testimony to Jesus, leading many people to have faith in Jesus, guiding the church about where and how to share the good news, and enabling believers to resolve conflicts and endure persecution. The kingdom of GodThe “kingdom of God” is a major concept in the book of Acts, as it is in the Gospel of Luke. This concept is very rich in meaning. It includes the idea of eternal life in the presence of God, but it also includes the idea of what the earth will be like in the future when God rules everything, and the idea of life on earth right now, when and where God’s wishes are carried out fully. The unifying concept behind all of these ideas is that of God ruling and of people embracing God’s rule over their lives. Wherever the expression “the kingdom of God” occurs, translation notes will suggest communicating the idea behind the abstract noun “kingdom” with some phrase that uses the verb “rule.” UST models this approach consistently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Part 3: Important Translation IssuesPossible translation difficulties in the book of Acts“to the same”The phrase “to the same” occurs five times in this book (1:15, 2:1, 2:44, 2:47, 4:26). It is not entirely clear what this phrase means. In the first three instances it could mean “in the same place,” but it could also mean “in one accord,” that is, “in full agreement.” In 2:47 it seems to mean “to their group.” Paul uses the same phrase in 1 Corinthians 11:20 and 14:23, where it could mean “in the same place” or it could have the sense of full agreement and mean something like “in Christian fellowship.” That sense would fit Acts 2:47, where the phrase could be translated “to their Christian fellowship.” In 4:26 it could mean “to the same place,” but it could also mean “by agreement.” Notes will discuss the different possibilities in each case where the phrase could mean more than one thing. “in/to/into the temple”Luke uses this phrase many times in this book, but it does not refer to the temple building itself. Only priests were allowed to enter that building, so the phrase refers to the courtyard or area around the temple. The phrase “in the porch that is called Solomon’s” in 3:11 makes it clear that Peter and John and the crowd that gathered on the occasion that chapter describes were not inside the temple building. Notes will address this phrase to explain its meaning each time it occurs in the book. What are the major issues in the text of the book of Acts?The following are the most significant textual issues in Acts. Notes will address them where they occur in the book. First, there are some verses that are found in traditional versions of the Bible, but they are not found in the most accurate ancient manuscripts of the Bible. Some modern versions put these verses in square brackets [ ]. The ULT and UST also put them in brackets. If a translation of the Bible already exists in your area, you could consider including these verses if that translation does. If there is not already a Bible translation in your area, we recommend that you indicate in some way that these verses may not be original. You could put them in brackets, for example, or in footnotes. These verses are:
Second, in some verses, it is uncertain what the original text said. The ULT uses the first readings listed below, but it includes the second readings in footnotes. If a translation of the Bible already exists in your area, you could consider following the same reading that it does. If there is not already a Bible translation in your area, we recommend that you follow the same reading that ULT does. These verses are:
(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) | |||
3 | ACT | 1 | intro | vyg9 | 0 | Acts 1 General NotesStructure and formattingThe UST has set the words “Dear Theophilus” apart from the other words. This is because English speakers often start letters this way. You may want to start this book in the way that people start letters in your culture. Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the two quotations from the book of Psalms in 1:20. Special concepts in this chapterThe AscensionThis chapter records an event that is commonly known as the “Ascension.” That word describes how Jesus returned to heaven after he became alive again. In the future he will come back to earth again, and his return to earth is known as his “Second Coming.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]]) BaptismLuke uses the word “baptize” with two different meanings in 1:5. In the first instance, it refers literally to the water baptism of John. In the second instance, it refers figuratively to people being filled with the Holy Spirit. Luke uses the term “filled” to mean this same thing in 2:4. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/baptize]]) “He spoke things concerning the kingdom of God”Some scholars believe that when Jesus spoke “things concerning the kingdom of God,” as Luke describes in 1:3, he explained to the disciples why the kingdom of God had not come while he was on earth the first time. Other scholars believe that the kingdom of God did begin while Jesus was on earth and that Jesus explained that it had come in a form different from the one the disciples had expected. Since Christians hold different views about the kingdom of God coming, translators should be careful to avoid letting how they understand that issue affect how they translate this verse. Possible translation difficulties in this chapterLong sentenceAs was common in compositions of this time, for stylistic purposes Luke begins this book with a very long sentence. It goes from the beginning of 1:1 to the end of 1:3. ULT represents all of this as a single sentence. It may be helpful to your readers to divide it into several sentences, as UST does. The details of the death of JudasThere are some differences in detail between the way Luke describes the death of Judas in the book of Acts and the way Matthew describes it in his gospel. Luke says that Judas used the money he got for betraying Jesus to buy a field; Matthew says that Judas returned the money to the Jewish leaders and that they bought the field with it. Luke says that Judas killed himself by falling onto the field from a height; Matthew says that Judas hanged himself. Luke says that the field was named the “Field of Blood” because Judas died a bloody death there; Matthew says the field was given that name because it was purchased with “blood money,” that is, money paid to ensure someone’s death. It is possible to reconcile many of these details. For example, the body of Judas may have fallen and split open on the field if he fell when he tried to hang himself. Luke may say that Judas bought the field because the Jewish leaders would not take back the money that they had paid him, and so in a sense it was still his money when the field was purchased with it. But it would probably be best to avoid trying to reconcile these details within your translation. For example, when Luke says in 1:18 that Judas fell onto the field, instead of saying that he fell when he was trying to hang himself, you can let Luke and Matthew each tell the story the way they do. Then you can leave it up to preachers and teachers of the Bible to explain how their accounts are compatible. The 12 disciplesThere is one small difference between the list of the 12 disciples that Matthew and Mark provide in their gospels and the list that Luke provides in his gospel and in the book of Acts. All three writers list Simon Peter and his brother Andrew; James and John, the two sons of Zebedee; Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot. But Matthew and Mark say that the twelfth disciple was Thaddeus, while Luke says he was Judas the son of James. However, it is quite likely that Thaddeus was another name by which this other Judas was known. Once again it is not necessary to try to reconcile these details within your translation. Specifically, in 1:13 instead of saying, “Judas the son of James, who was also known as Thaddeus,” you can let each of the biblical writers tell the story in the way that they do. Then you can leave it up to preachers and teachers of the Bible to explain how their accounts are compatible. | |||
4 | ACT | 1 | 1 | q9ep | figs-explicit | τὸν μὲν πρῶτον λόγον ἐποιησάμην | 1 | I made the first account | Luke assumes that Theophilus will know that by the first account he means the book that has become known as the Gospel of Luke. Since that book was not known by that title at this time, it would not be accurate to put the title in your translation as a name that Luke would have used to describe the book to Theophilus. However, you could explain this in a footnote and use another expression here. Alternate translation: “I wrote in my first volume” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
5 | ACT | 1 | 1 | a000 | ὦ Θεόφιλε | 1 | O Theophilus | Here Luke is identifying and addressing the man for whom he complied this account of the early church. Since this is like the salutation of a letter, in your translation you may wish to follow your culture’s way of identifying and greeting the addressee of a letter. UST models this by saying “Dear Theophilus” and putting the phrase at the beginning of the sentence. | |
6 | ACT | 1 | 1 | ryj5 | translate-names | Θεόφιλε | 1 | Theophilus | Theophilus is the name of a man. It means “friend of God.” It may be his actual name, or it may describe what this man was like. Most translations treat it as his name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
7 | ACT | 1 | 1 | a001 | figs-idiom | περὶ πάντων…ὧν ἤρξατο ὁ Ἰησοῦς ποιεῖν τε καὶ διδάσκειν | 1 | all that Jesus began both to do and to teach | Luke is using the word began in an idiomatic way to indicate that Jesus had been doing something else (he had been working as a carpenter), but he then began to do something new when he started his ministry. In many languages it would not be necessary to translate the word began. Alternate translation: “about all that Jesus did and taught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
8 | ACT | 1 | 1 | a002 | figs-hyperbole | περὶ πάντων…ὧν ἤρξατο ὁ Ἰησοῦς ποιεῖν τε καὶ διδάσκειν | 1 | all that Jesus began both to do and to teach | This is a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “about some of the most important things that Jesus did and taught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
9 | ACT | 1 | 2 | a003 | figs-idiom | ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας | 1 | until that day when | While this did happen on a specific day, Luke is likely using the word day idiomatically to mean a specific time. Alternate translation: “up to the time when” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
10 | ACT | 1 | 2 | n435 | figs-activepassive | ἀνελήμφθη | 1 | he was taken up | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “God took him up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
11 | ACT | 1 | 2 | a424 | figs-explicit | ἀνελήμφθη | 1 | he was taken up | Luke is referring to Jesus being taken up into heaven. See the discussion of “Ascension” in the General Notes to this chapter. Alternate translation: “he was taken up into heaven” or “God took him up into heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
12 | ACT | 1 | 3 | a004 | οἷς καὶ παρέστησεν ἑαυτὸν ζῶντα, μετὰ τὸ παθεῖν αὐτὸν, ἐν πολλοῖς τεκμηρίοις | 1 | to whom also, after he had suffered, he presented himself living with many proofs | As the General Notes to this chapter suggest, it be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Jesus also presented himself alive with many proofs to his apostles after he had suffered” | |
13 | ACT | 1 | 3 | dup3 | figs-explicit | μετὰ τὸ παθεῖν αὐτὸν | 1 | after he had suffered | This refers to how Jesus suffered and died on the cross. Alternate translation: “after he had suffered and died on the cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
14 | ACT | 1 | 3 | a005 | figs-explicit | ἐν πολλοῖς τεκμηρίοις | 1 | with many proofs | The word translated proofs describes items of evidence that are decisive and convincing. Alternate translation: “with many definitive proofs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
15 | ACT | 1 | 3 | yc16 | figs-explicit | δι’ ἡμερῶν τεσσεράκοντα, ὀπτανόμενος αὐτοῖς, καὶ λέγων | 1 | appearing to them for 40 days and speaking | While the antecedent of whom is “the apostles whom he had chosen” in the previous verse, Jesus actually appeared to many other disciples besides his apostles. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “For 40 days he appeared to his apostles and many of his other disciples, and he spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
16 | ACT | 1 | 3 | a006 | figs-abstractnouns | τὰ περὶ τῆς Βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | things concerning the kingdom of God | See the discussion of the concept of the kingdom of God in Part 2 of the General Introduction to Acts. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word kingdom, you could express this with a verb such as “rule,” as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
17 | ACT | 1 | 4 | a007 | figs-doublenegatives | ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων, μὴ χωρίζεσθαι, ἀλλὰ | 1 | not to depart from Jerusalem, but | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle not and the negative verb depart. Alternate translation: “to remain in Jerusalem and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
18 | ACT | 1 | 4 | vb7g | figs-quotemarks | ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων, μὴ χωρίζεσθαι | 1 | not to depart from Jerusalem | The content of Jesus’ instructions to the apostles on this occasion begins here. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could translate and punctuate the material from here to the end of the verse as a direct quotation, as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]]) |
19 | ACT | 1 | 4 | a008 | translate-names | Ἱεροσολύμων | 1 | Jerusalem | Jerusalem is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
20 | ACT | 1 | 4 | sg4h | figs-metonymy | τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ Πατρὸς | 1 | the promise of the Father | Jesus is referring figuratively to the Holy Spirit by association with the way God made a promise to send the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit, whom the Father promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
21 | ACT | 1 | 4 | a009 | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | τοῦ Πατρὸς | 1 | of the Father | Father is an important title for God. Alternate translation: “of God the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
22 | ACT | 1 | 4 | tj6r | figs-quotations | ἣν ἠκούσατέ μου | 1 | which you heard from me | In keeping with his engaging storytelling style, Luke begins a quotation from Jesus here without introducing it with a formula such as “he said.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could include an introductory formula in your translation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He said, ‘You heard about this from me’” or “He said, ‘I told you about this’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
23 | ACT | 1 | 4 | d3kr | figs-you | ἠκούσατέ | 1 | you heard | Here, you is plural because Jesus is speaking to the apostles, so use the plural form of “you” in your translation if your language marks that distinction. In 1:6, “you” is singular because Jesus alone is being addressed, so the singular form would be accurate there. In general these notes will not discuss whether you is singular or plural when this should be clear from the context, but they will address ambiguous cases where this may not be clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
24 | ACT | 1 | 5 | uu4k | translate-names | Ἰωάννης | 1 | John | John is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
25 | ACT | 1 | 5 | fnq5 | figs-explicit | Ἰωάννης | 1 | John | Jesus is referring to the man who was known as John the Baptist because he baptized people. It may help to identify him if you use that title after his name in your translation. However, because the word “Baptist” is associated with a group of churches in many parts of the world, it may be helpful to your readers to use a different form of the word as a title, as UST does by saying “Baptizer.” Alternate translation: “John the Baptist” or “John the Baptizer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
26 | ACT | 1 | 5 | a075 | figs-metaphor | ὑμεῖς…ἐν Πνεύματι βαπτισθήσεσθε Ἁγίῳ | 1 | you will be baptized in the Holy Spirit | After describing earlier in the verse how John baptized people literally, Jesus is using baptism in this second instance as a metaphor. See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit will come and empower you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
27 | ACT | 1 | 5 | dzj1 | figs-activepassive | ὑμεῖς…βαπτισθήσεσθε | 1 | you will be baptized | You may wish to retain the metaphor of baptism in your translation. If you do, and if your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will baptize” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
28 | ACT | 1 | 5 | a010 | figs-litotes | οὐ μετὰ πολλὰς ταύτας ἡμέρας | 1 | after these not many days | Jesus is using a figure of speech that expresses a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “just a few days from now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
29 | ACT | 1 | 6 | n9wt | writing-pronouns | οἱ μὲν οὖν συνελθόντες, ἠρώτων αὐτὸν | 1 | They therefore having assembled, they were asking him | In the first instance, they describes Jesus and the apostles, while in the second instance, they refers to the apostles. (Other disciples could have been present on this occasion, but the instructions that Jesus gives about being “witnesses” in 1:8 apply specifically to the apostles, so it would be good to name them directly.) Alternate translation: “When the apostles were together with Jesus, the apostles were asking him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
30 | ACT | 1 | 6 | a011 | figs-idiom | εἰ ἐν τῷ χρόνῳ τούτῳ, ἀποκαθιστάνεις τὴν βασιλείαν τῷ Ἰσραήλ | 1 | if you are restoring the kingdom to Israel at this time | This is an idiomatic way of asking a question. Alternate translation: “are you restoring the kingdom to Israel at this time” or “will you now restore the kingdom to Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
31 | ACT | 1 | 6 | f7uj | figs-abstractnouns | εἰ…ἀποκαθιστάνεις τὴν βασιλείαν τῷ Ἰσραήλ | 1 | if you are restoring the kingdom to Israel | f your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word kingdom, you could express the same idea with a noun such as “king.” Alternate translation: “are you going to give Israel its own king again” or “are you going to become the restored king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
32 | ACT | 1 | 6 | a252 | translate-names | τῷ Ἰσραήλ | 1 | to Israel | Israel is the name of a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
33 | ACT | 1 | 7 | a012 | figs-explicit | οὐχ ὑμῶν ἐστιν γνῶναι | 1 | It is not for you to know | Jesus is saying implicitly by this response that he is not going to tell the apostles when the thing they are asking about will happen. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “I am not going to tell you when that will happen, because it is not for you to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
34 | ACT | 1 | 7 | y1fu | figs-doublet | χρόνους ἢ καιροὺς | 1 | the times or the seasons | The words times and seasons could: (1) refer to different kinds of time. Alternate translation: “the general period of time or the specific date” (2) have similar meanings, being used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the exact time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
35 | ACT | 1 | 7 | a013 | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | ὁ Πατὴρ | 1 | the Father | Father is an important title for God. Alternate translation: “God the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
36 | ACT | 1 | 7 | a014 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ | 1 | by his own authority | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word authority, you could express the same idea with a verb such as “control.” Alternate translation: “as the one who controls all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
37 | ACT | 1 | 8 | ld4k | grammar-connect-logic-result | λήμψεσθε δύναμιν, ἐπελθόντος τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς, καὶ ἔσεσθέ μου μάρτυρες | 1 | you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses | Jesus is using the word translated and to describe a result. Alternate translation: “when the Holy Spirit comes upon you, then you will receive power to be my witnesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
38 | ACT | 1 | 8 | a015 | figs-abstractnouns | δύναμιν | 1 | power | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word power, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “powerful.” Alternate translation: “powerful ability” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
39 | ACT | 1 | 8 | a016 | translate-names | Ἰερουσαλὴμ…Ἰουδαίᾳ…Σαμαρείᾳ | 1 | Jerusalem … Judea … Samaria | Jerusalem is the name of a city, and Judea and Samaria are the names of regions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
40 | ACT | 1 | 8 | vb4m | figs-idiom | ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς | 1 | to the end of the earth | This is a reference to place, not to time. Jesus does not mean “until the world ends.” Alternate translation: “all over the world” or “to the places on the earth that are farthest away from here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
41 | ACT | 1 | 9 | e1q1 | figs-explicit | βλεπόντων αὐτῶν | 1 | as they were looking | Your language may require you to specify the object of looking. Alternate translation: “as they were looking at him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
42 | ACT | 1 | 9 | l1cq | figs-activepassive | ἐπήρθη | 1 | he was raised up | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. (See the discussion of “Ascension” in the General Notes to this chapter.) Alternate translation: “he rose up” or “God raised him up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
43 | ACT | 1 | 9 | ug58 | figs-metonymy | ἀπὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν | 1 | from their eyes | Luke is using the eyes of the apostles figuratively to mean their capacity to see. Alternate translation: “from their sight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
44 | ACT | 1 | 10 | enu1 | figs-explicit | ἀτενίζοντες ἦσαν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν | 1 | they were looking intently into heaven | Since a cloud was able to block the apostles’ view, it is clear that Luke is using the word translated heaven here in one of its specific senses to mean “sky.” It would be good to make clear that the apostles were not seeing into heaven itself. Alternate translation: “gazing at the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
45 | ACT | 1 | 10 | a017 | figs-metaphor | καὶ ἰδοὺ ἄνδρες δύο | 1 | and behold, two men | Luke is using the term behold to focus readers’ attention on how suddenly these two men appeared. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “just then two men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
46 | ACT | 1 | 10 | a018 | grammar-connect-time-sequential | καὶ | 1 | and | Luke uses the word translated And to indicate that the event of the men appearing happened after the event of Jesus going up. Alternate translation: “Then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) |
47 | ACT | 1 | 10 | a019 | figs-explicit | ἄνδρες δύο | 1 | two men | These were actually angels. Luke calls them men because they appeared in human form. Alternate translation: “two angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
48 | ACT | 1 | 10 | a020 | ἐσθήσεσι λευκαῖς | 1 | white clothes | In this context, the word white likely has the specific sense of “bright” or “shining.” Alternate translation: “bright clothes” or “shining clothes” | |
49 | ACT | 1 | 11 | a021 | figs-explicit | οἳ…εἶπαν | 1 | they said | This could mean: (1) one of the angels had spoken on behalf of both of them. Alternate translation: “one of them said” (2) the two angels had each said different parts of the quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
50 | ACT | 1 | 11 | a022 | figs-verbs | οἳ…εἶπαν | 1 | they said | If you retain the word they in your translation and if your language uses dual forms for verbs, it would be accurate to use the dual form here, since two men are speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-verbs]]) |
51 | ACT | 1 | 11 | gpg3 | figs-idiom | ἄνδρες, Γαλιλαῖοι | 1 | Men, Galileans | This is an idiomatic form of address. Alternate translation: “You Galileans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
52 | ACT | 1 | 11 | a023 | translate-names | ἄνδρες, Γαλιλαῖοι | 1 | Men, Galileans | Galileans are people who are from the region of Galilee. Alternate translation: “You men from Galilee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
53 | ACT | 1 | 11 | a024 | figs-rquestion | τί ἑστήκατε βλέποντες εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν? | 1 | why do you stand looking into heaven? | The angels are not looking for information. They are using the question form for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate their words as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “there is no reason for you to stand looking into heaven!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
54 | ACT | 1 | 11 | a025 | figs-idiom | τί ἑστήκατε βλέποντες | 1 | why do you stand looking | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “why do you keep looking” or “there is no reason for you to keep looking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
55 | ACT | 1 | 11 | a026 | ὁ ἀναλημφθεὶς ἀφ’ ὑμῶν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν…ἐθεάσασθε αὐτὸν πορευόμενον εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν | 1 | who has been taken up from you into heaven … you saw him going into heaven | In its second occurrence in this sentence, the term translated heaven likely means “the sky,” as in the previous sentence and in the previous verse. However, in its first occurrence in this sentence, the term likely means “heaven” itself. It would not be accurate to say that Jesus was just “taken up from you into the sky.” Alternate translation: “who has been taken up from you into heaven … you saw him going into the sky” | |
56 | ACT | 1 | 11 | a027 | figs-activepassive | ὁ ἀναλημφθεὶς | 1 | who has been taken up | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who has done the action. Alternate translation: “whom God has taken up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
57 | ACT | 1 | 11 | cue7 | ὃν τρόπον | 1 | in which manner | Alternate translation: “in the same way in which” | |
58 | ACT | 1 | 12 | x2nk | writing-pronouns | ὑπέστρεψαν | 1 | they returned | The word they refers to the apostles. Alternate translation: “the apostles returned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
59 | ACT | 1 | 12 | a028 | figs-activepassive | ὄρους τοῦ καλουμένου Ἐλαιῶνος | 1 | the hill that is called Olivet | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the hill that people call Olivet” or “the hill whose name is Olivet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
60 | ACT | 1 | 12 | a029 | translate-names | ὄρους τοῦ καλουμένου Ἐλαιῶνος | 1 | the hill that is called Olivet | Olivet is the name of a hill. If your readers might recognize it better if you called it the Mount of Olives, you could use that name in your translation, as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
61 | ACT | 1 | 12 | a030 | figs-idiom | Σαββάτου ἔχον ὁδόν | 1 | having a journey of a Sabbath | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “a Sabbath-day’s journey away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
62 | ACT | 1 | 12 | p19g | figs-explicit | Σαββάτου ἔχον ὁδόν | 1 | having a journey of a Sabbath | The journey of a Sabbath was the distance that interpreters of the law of Moses had determined people could walk on the Sabbath without that being “work.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the distance in the measurement that your culture uses. Alternate translation: “about a kilometer away” or “about half a mile away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
63 | ACT | 1 | 13 | vis2 | figs-explicit | ὅτε εἰσῆλθον | 1 | when they arrived | The previous verse explains that the apostles returned to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that again explicitly here. Alternate translation: “when they arrived back in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
64 | ACT | 1 | 13 | zt12 | translate-unknown | εἰς τὸ ὑπερῷον, ἀνέβησαν οὗ ἦσαν καταμένοντες | 1 | they went up into the upper chamber where they were staying | In this culture, in some houses, rooms were built on top of other rooms. The expression upper chamber describes such a room, which was reached by stairs. If your culture does not have houses like that, it may be helpful to explain the meaning of the expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “they climbed the stairs to the room where they were staying, which had been built on top of other rooms in the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
65 | ACT | 1 | 13 | a031 | translate-names | Πέτρος…Ἰωάννης…Ἰάκωβος…Ἀνδρέας…Φίλιππος…Θωμᾶς…Βαρθολομαῖος…Μαθθαῖος | 1 | Peter … John … James … Andrew … Philip … Thomas … Bartholomew … Matthew | These are the names of eight men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
66 | ACT | 1 | 13 | a032 | figs-idiom | Ἰάκωβος Ἁλφαίου…Ἰούδας Ἰακώβου | 1 | James of Alphaeus … Judas of James | These are two occurrences of an idiom. Alternate translation: “James the son of Alphaeus … Judas the son of James” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
67 | ACT | 1 | 13 | a033 | translate-names | Ἰάκωβος…Ἁλφαίου…Ἰούδας…Ἰακώβου | 1 | James … Alphaeus … Judas … James | These are the names of four men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
68 | ACT | 1 | 13 | a034 | translate-names | Σίμων ὁ Ζηλωτὴς | 1 | Simon the Zealot | Simon is the name of a man, and Zealot is another name by which he was known. (1) Zealot could be a title that indicates that this man was part of the group of people who wanted to free the Jewish people from Roman rule. Alternate translation: “Simon the Patriot” (2) Zealot could also be a description that indicates that this man was zealous for God to be honored. Alternate translation: “Simon the Passionate One” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names) |
69 | ACT | 1 | 14 | z6cf | ὁμοθυμαδὸν | 1 | unanimously | The word unanimously indicates that the apostles and other believers shared a common commitment and purpose and that there was no strife among them. Alternate translation: “with one accord” or “harmoniously” | |
70 | ACT | 1 | 14 | a035 | figs-explicit | γυναιξὶν | 1 | the women | Luke assumes that his readers will know he is referring to the women who accompanied Jesus and his disciples during his ministry. These women provided for them out of their own means, and they had traveled with them to Jerusalem. These women are described in Luke 8:2–3 and 23:49. Alternate translation: “the women who had helped Jesus and his disciples during his ministry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
71 | ACT | 1 | 14 | a036 | translate-names | Μαρία | 1 | Mary | Mary is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
72 | ACT | 1 | 14 | a037 | translate-kinship | τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ | 1 | his brothers | These were Jesus’ younger brothers. They were the sons of Mary and Joseph. Since the Father of Jesus was God, and their father was Joseph, they were actually his half-brothers. That detail is not normally translated, but if your language has a specific word for “younger brother,” you may wish to use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]]) |
73 | ACT | 1 | 15 | il8w | writing-newevent | καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις | 1 | And in those days | Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. The phrase refers to the period of time after Jesus ascended, when the disciples were meeting in the upper chamber. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
74 | ACT | 1 | 15 | cup2 | figs-idiom | ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις | 1 | in those days | Luke is using the term days idiomatically to refer to a specific time. Alternate translation: “during that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
75 | ACT | 1 | 15 | a038 | translate-symaction | ἀναστὰς | 1 | having stood up | Peter stood up to indicate that he had something important to say. Alternate translation: “having stood up to show that he had something important to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
76 | ACT | 1 | 15 | liz1 | figs-metaphor | τῶν ἀδελφῶν | 1 | the brothers | Luke is using the term brothers figuratively to mean people who share the same faith. Alternate translation: “his fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
77 | ACT | 1 | 15 | a039 | figs-gendernotations | τῶν ἀδελφῶν | 1 | the brothers | Although the term brothers is masculine, Luke is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, you could say “brothers and sisters” to indicate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
78 | ACT | 1 | 15 | tl5m | writing-background | ἦν τε ὄχλος ὀνομάτων ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ὡς ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι | 1 | and the multitude of names to the same was about 120 | Luke provides this background information to help readers appreciate what happens shortly afterwards in the story, when the church grows in one day to many times this size. It may be helpful to put this background information first in the verse as a separate sentence, in which case it would not have to be in parentheses. Alternate translation: “Now the number of people in that one place was about 120.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
79 | ACT | 1 | 15 | a040 | figs-metonymy | ὄχλος ὀνομάτων | 1 | the multitude of names | Luke is using the term names figuratively to mean “people,” by association with the way that people have names. Alternate translation: “the number of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
80 | ACT | 1 | 15 | a041 | ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ | 1 | to the same | See the discussion of this phrase in Part 3 of the Introduction to Acts. Alternate translation: “in that one place” or “in their Christian fellowship” | |
81 | ACT | 1 | 16 | a042 | figs-idiom | ἄνδρες, ἀδελφοί | 1 | Men, brothers | This is an idiomatic form of address. Alternate translation: “My brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
82 | ACT | 1 | 16 | a043 | figs-metaphor | ἄνδρες, ἀδελφοί | 1 | Men, brothers | See how you translated the term brothers in 1:15. Alternate translation: “My fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
83 | ACT | 1 | 16 | a044 | figs-gendernotations | ἄνδρες, ἀδελφοί | 1 | Men, brothers | If you decide to retain the metaphor of brothers, you could show that Peter is using the term in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “My brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
84 | ACT | 1 | 16 | a045 | figs-infostructure | ἔδει πληρωθῆναι τὴν Γραφὴν, ἣν προεῖπε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον διὰ στόματος Δαυεὶδ περὶ Ἰούδα, τοῦ γενομένου ὁδηγοῦ τοῖς συλλαβοῦσιν Ἰησοῦν | 1 | it was necessary for the scripture to be fulfilled that the Holy Spirit spoke before by the mouth of David concerning Judas, who became a guide to the ones who arrested Jesus | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put the information that Peter provides to identify this scripture before his statement that it had to be fulfilled. It may be helpful to make that statement a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit spoke before by the mouth of David concerning Judas, who became a guide to the ones who arrested Jesus. It was necessary for that scripture to be fulfilled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]]) |
85 | ACT | 1 | 16 | i8tl | figs-activepassive | ἔδει πληρωθῆναι τὴν Γραφὴν | 1 | it was necessary for the scripture to be fulfilled | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the things needed to take place that the scripture described” or, if you put the background information first as a separate sentence, “What that scripture described needed to take place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
86 | ACT | 1 | 16 | a046 | προεῖπε | 1 | spoke before | Alternate translation: “spoke beforehand” or “spoke in advance” | |
87 | ACT | 1 | 16 | f3um | figs-metonymy | διὰ στόματος Δαυεὶδ | 1 | by the mouth of David | Peter is using the word mouth figuratively to refer to words that David spoke or sang using his mouth and that he recorded in the book of Psalms, as Peter indicates in 1:20. Alternate translation: “through the words of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
88 | ACT | 1 | 16 | a047 | translate-names | Δαυεὶδ…Ἰούδα | 1 | David … Judas | David and Judas are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
89 | ACT | 1 | 16 | a048 | figs-synecdoche | τοῦ γενομένου ὁδηγοῦ τοῖς συλλαβοῦσιν Ἰησοῦν | 1 | who became a guide to the ones who arrested Jesus | Peter is using the act of guiding the ones who arrested Jesus to represent all of the things that Judas did to betray Jesus. This also included meeting beforehand with his enemies, receiving payment for the betrayal, and looking for the best opportunity to catch Jesus away from the crowds. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this in more general terms. Alternate translation: “who betrayed Jesus to his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
90 | ACT | 1 | 17 | q73y | grammar-connect-logic-result | ὅτι | 1 | For | Peter uses the word For to introduce the reason for a result that is described in 1:21–22, after Luke provides further background information and Peter quotes the scripture he referred to in 1:16. The overall meaning is, “Since Judas was one of us apostles, we need to replace him with another witness of the ministry of Jesus.” But since so much material comes between the reason and the result, it may be helpful to give an indication here that Peter has a response in mind. Alternate translation: “There is something important we need to do in response to this scripture being fulfilled, since” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
91 | ACT | 1 | 17 | a049 | figs-parallelism | κατηριθμημένος ἦν ἐν ἡμῖν, καὶ ἔλαχεν τὸν κλῆρον τῆς διακονίας ταύτης | 1 | he was numbered with us and received a share of this ministry | These two phrases mean similar things. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “Jesus chose him to be an apostle along with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
92 | ACT | 1 | 17 | a050 | κατηριθμημένος ἦν ἐν ἡμῖν | 1 | he was numbered with us | Peter is using the term numbered in one of its specific senses. Alternate translation: “he was considered to be one of us apostles” | |
93 | ACT | 1 | 17 | a051 | figs-activepassive | κατηριθμημένος ἦν ἐν ἡμῖν | 1 | he was numbered with us | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “he belonged to our group of apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
94 | ACT | 1 | 17 | tmv2 | figs-exclusive | ἐν ἡμῖν | 1 | with us | Although Peter is addressing a larger group of people, he is using the word us to refer only to himself and the other apostles. So if your language distinguishes between exclusive and inclusive “us,” it would be accurate to use the exclusive form here. Other languages may have other ways of indicating that us is exclusive here. Alternate translation: “with us apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
95 | ACT | 1 | 17 | a052 | figs-quotemarks | τὸν κλῆρον τῆς διακονίας ταύτης | 1 | a share of this ministry | Luke temporarily ends his quotation from Peter after this phrase so that he can provide further background information about Judas in 1:18–19. The quotation resumes in 1:20. If you are identifying quotations in your translation by putting them within quotation marks or by using some other punctuation or convention that your language uses, there should be an ending quotation mark or the equivalent after this phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]]) |
96 | ACT | 1 | 18 | tmv1 | writing-background | μὲν οὖν | 1 | Now indeed | Luke is using this expression to introduce further background information that he provides in this verse and the next one about how Judas died and about what people called the field where he died. This is not part of Peter’s speech. You may want to indicate that by putting these verses in parentheses or by using the equivalent convention in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
97 | ACT | 1 | 18 | dd58 | figs-nominaladj | οὗτος | 1 | this one | Luke is using the demonstrative adjective this as a noun to refer to a specific person, Judas. (ULT shows that by adding one.) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could say “he” or use the name “Judas.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
98 | ACT | 1 | 18 | a053 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐκ μισθοῦ τῆς ἀδικίας | 1 | from the wage of unrighteousness | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word unrighteousness, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “unrighteous.” Alternate translation: “with the money that he received for doing an unrighteous deed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
99 | ACT | 1 | 18 | w83j | figs-metonymy | ἐκ μισθοῦ τῆς ἀδικίας | 1 | from the wage of unrighteousness | Luke is using the term unrighteousness figuratively to describe Judas betraying Jesus, by association with the way that was an unrighteous thing to do. Alternate translation: “with the money that he received for betraying Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
100 | ACT | 1 | 18 | kg3q | figs-explicit | πρηνὴς γενόμενος | 1 | having fallen headfirst | Be sure that it is clear in your translation that Judas did not fall down accidentally. Rather, he threw himself onto the field intentionally in order to kill himself. The implications are that he must have done this from a height. Alternate translation: “because he then threw himself down from a height onto that field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
101 | ACT | 1 | 18 | a054 | πρηνὴς γενόμενος | 1 | having fallen headfirst | The word headfirst describes someone falling forward, as opposed to falling backwards. Alternate translation: “having fallen forward” | |
102 | ACT | 1 | 18 | a055 | figs-activepassive | ἐξεχύθη πάντα τὰ σπλάγχνα αὐτοῦ | 1 | all his entrails were poured out | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “all his inward parts poured out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
103 | ACT | 1 | 19 | a056 | γνωστὸν ἐγένετο πᾶσι τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ἰερουσαλήμ | 1 | it became known to all those living in Jerusalem | The verb form is not passive here, since known is an adjective rather than a participle. Even so, it may be helpful to your readers to make it the object rather than the subject. Alternate translation: “all those living in Jerusalem heard about it” | |
104 | ACT | 1 | 19 | a057 | figs-hyperbole | γνωστὸν ἐγένετο πᾶσι τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ἰερουσαλήμ | 1 | it became known to all those living in Jerusalem | Luke says all as a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “it became well known to those living in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
105 | ACT | 1 | 19 | a058 | figs-activepassive | ὥστε κληθῆναι τὸ χωρίον ἐκεῖνο | 1 | Therefore that field was called | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “So they called that field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
106 | ACT | 1 | 19 | mxf3 | translate-transliterate | Ἁκελδαμάχ | 1 | Akeldama | Akeldama is an Aramaic word. Luke spells it out using Greek letters so his readers will know how it sounds, and then he says what it means, Field of Blood. In your translation you can spell it the way it sounds in your language and then explain its meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) |
107 | ACT | 1 | 20 | mz13 | figs-quotemarks | γέγραπται γὰρ | 1 | For it is written | Luke now resumes his quotation of what Peter said on this occasion. If you are identifying quotations in your translation by putting them within quotation marks or by using some other punctuation or convention that your language uses, there should be an opening quotation mark or the equivalent before this phrase. It may also be helpful to indicate explicitly that the quotation resumes here. Alternate translation: “Peter went on to say, ‘For it is written’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]]) |
108 | ACT | 1 | 20 | d7pk | figs-quotesinquotes | γέγραπται…ἐν βίβλῳ Ψαλμῶν, γενηθήτω ἡ ἔπαυλις αὐτοῦ ἔρημος, καὶ μὴ ἔστω ὁ κατοικῶν ἐν αὐτῇ; καί, τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν αὐτοῦ, λαβέτω ἕτερος | 1 | it is written in the book of Psalms, ‘Let his habitation be made desolate, and let not one dwelling be in it,’ and ‘Let another take his overseership.’ | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “it is written in the book of Psalms that his habitation should be made desolate, with no one dwelling in it, and that another should take his overseership” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
109 | ACT | 1 | 20 | ip5w | figs-activepassive | γέγραπται…ἐν βίβλῳ Ψαλμῶν | 1 | it is written in the book of Psalms | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “David wrote in the book of Psalms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
110 | ACT | 1 | 20 | mc45 | figs-parallelism | γενηθήτω ἡ ἔπαυλις αὐτοῦ ἔρημος, καὶ μὴ ἔστω ὁ κατοικῶν ἐν αὐτῇ | 1 | Let his habitation be made desolate, and let not one dwelling be in it | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if the repetition might be confusing, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Or you could combine the phrases if you think that would be the clearest thing to do. Alternate translation: “Let his habitation be made desolate, yes, let no one dwell in it” or “Let his habitation be made completely desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
111 | ACT | 1 | 20 | chq4 | figs-metaphor | γενηθήτω ἡ ἔπαυλις αὐτοῦ ἔρημος, καὶ μὴ ἔστω ὁ κατοικῶν ἐν αὐτῇ | 1 | Let his habitation be made desolate, and let not one dwelling be in it | The word habitation likely refers to Judas’ home and is a metaphor for his family line. Alternate translation: “May he leave no descendants, none to continue his family line” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
112 | ACT | 1 | 20 | lsm2 | figs-activepassive | γενηθήτω ἡ ἔπαυλις αὐτοῦ ἔρημος | 1 | Let his habitation be made desolate | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Let his habitation become desolate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
113 | ACT | 1 | 20 | a059 | τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν αὐτοῦ, λαβέτω ἕτερος | 1 | Let another take his overseership | The word overseership refers to a position of leadership and supervision. It is the same term that Paul uses for a spiritual leader in 1 Timothy 3:1. Alternate translation: “Let someone else take his leadership position” | |
114 | ACT | 1 | 21 | t916 | translate-versebridge | 0 | To help your readers understand Peter’s main point in this verse and the next one, you could combine both verses into a verse bridge. You could put his main point in a first sentence and his further explanation in a second sentence. Alternate translation: “Therefore it is necessary for someone else to become a witness with us of Jesus’ resurrection. It should be one of the men who accompanied us during all the time that the Lord Jesus came in and went out among us, beginning from the baptism of John until the day that he was taken up from us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) | ||
115 | ACT | 1 | 21 | xz69 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῖν…ἡμᾶς | 1 | us … us | In the first instance of us, Peter means himself and his fellow apostles, not everyone to whom he is speaking, so use the exclusive form of the word if your language marks that distinction. However, in the second instance of us, Peter could well mean himself and his entire audience, so use the inclusive form in that instance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
116 | ACT | 1 | 21 | zuf7 | figs-idiom | εἰσῆλθεν καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς ὁ Κύριος Ἰησοῦς | 1 | the Lord Jesus came in and went out among us | Peter is speaking in an idiomatic way. Alternate translation: “the Lord Jesus lived among us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
117 | ACT | 1 | 22 | qb8j | figs-abstractnouns | ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ βαπτίσματος Ἰωάννου | 1 | beginning from the baptism of John | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word baptism, you could express the same idea with a verb such as “baptize.” Alternate translation: “beginning from when John started baptizing people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
118 | ACT | 1 | 22 | a060 | translate-names | Ἰωάννου | 1 | John | John is the name of a man. Peter means the man who was known as John the Baptist. See how you translated his name in 1:5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
119 | ACT | 1 | 22 | a061 | figs-idiom | τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς | 1 | the day on which | While Jesus was taken up to heaven on a specific day, Peter may be using the word day idiomatically to mean a specific time. Alternate translation: “the time when” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
120 | ACT | 1 | 22 | a062 | writing-pronouns | ἀνελήμφθη…τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ | 1 | he was taken up … his resurrection | The pronoun he refers to Jesus, not to John the Baptist. The pronoun his also refers to Jesus. For clarity, you may want to use the name Jesus instead of one or both of these pronouns. Alternate translation: “Jesus was taken up … the resurrection of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
121 | ACT | 1 | 22 | yi3a | figs-activepassive | ἀνελήμφθη ἀφ’ ἡμῶν | 1 | he was taken up from us | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “God took him up from us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
122 | ACT | 1 | 22 | a063 | figs-exclusive | ἀφ’ ἡμῶν…σὺν ἡμῖν | 1 | from us … with us | When Peter says from us, he is referring to God taking Jesus from everyone to whom he is speaking. But when Peter says with us, he means only himself and the other apostles. So the word “us” would be inclusive in the first instance and exclusive in the second instance, if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
123 | ACT | 1 | 22 | mrx7 | figs-nominaladj | ἕνα τούτων | 1 | one of these is | Peter is using the demonstrative adjective these as a noun to refer to specific people, the men whose qualifications he has just described. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could add the term “men” to clarify the meaning. Alternate translation: “one of these men is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
124 | ACT | 1 | 22 | g3n9 | figs-abstractnouns | τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ | 1 | of his resurrection | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word resurrection, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “alive.” Alternate translation: “that God made him alive again after he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
125 | ACT | 1 | 23 | lz7y | writing-pronouns | ἔστησαν δύο | 1 | they stood up two | The pronoun they refers to all of the believers who were present on this occasion. This is the group that Luke describes as “the brothers” in 1:15. Alternate translation: “the believers stood up two” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
126 | ACT | 1 | 23 | a064 | figs-nominaladj | ἔστησαν δύο | 1 | they stood up two | Luke is using the adjective two as a noun to refer to specific people, two men who met the qualifications Peter described. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could add the term “men” to clarify the meaning, and you could also describe these men more specifically. Alternate translation: “the believers stood up two men” or “the believers stood up two men who met the qualifications that Peter described” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
127 | ACT | 1 | 23 | a065 | translate-symaction | ἔστησαν δύο | 1 | they stood up two | When the believers stood up these two men, that is, when they had them stand up within the group, this was a symbolic way of proposing them as candidates to replace Judas. Alternate translation: “the believers proposed two men who met the qualifications that Peter described” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
128 | ACT | 1 | 23 | a066 | translate-names | Ἰωσὴφ…Βαρσαββᾶν…Ἰοῦστος | 1 | Joseph … Barsabbas … Justus | Joseph is the name of a man, and Barsabbas and Justus are two other names by which he was known. Barsabbas is probably a patronymic, that is, an indication of who his father was. If your language and culture identify people by patronymics, it may be helpful to translate this name as “the son of Sabbas,” as UST does. Justus is a Roman name, and it may be a name that this man used for official purposes and in interactions with people who spoke Latin. (It would be like the name Paul, by which Saul of Tarsus was also known in the Roman Empire.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
129 | ACT | 1 | 23 | s1ff | figs-activepassive | τὸν καλούμενον Βαρσαββᾶν, ὃς ἐπεκλήθη Ἰοῦστος | 1 | the one called Barsabbas, who was named Justus | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say both of these things with active forms. Alternate translation: “whom people called Barsabbas and whose other name was Justus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
130 | ACT | 1 | 23 | a067 | translate-names | Μαθθίαν | 1 | Matthias | Matthias is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
131 | ACT | 1 | 24 | a068 | translate-versebridge | 0 | Judas betrayed Jesus and abandoned his position as an apostle. The person who is praying says that in the next verse. As a result, the believers are asking God to show them whom he has chosen to replace Judas, as the person praying says in this verse. You could put the reason before the result by creating a verse bridge. UST provides a model for doing that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) | ||
132 | ACT | 1 | 24 | a069 | figs-hendiadys | προσευξάμενοι, εἶπαν | 1 | praying they said | Together the words praying and said indicate that the believers said what they did while praying. Alternate translation: “they said in prayer” or “they prayed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
133 | ACT | 1 | 24 | zd1f | figs-synecdoche | προσευξάμενοι, εἶπαν | 1 | praying they said | The pronoun they refers to all of the believers, but one of the apostles alone probably spoke these words on behalf of everyone. Alternate translation: “as the believers were all praying together, one of the apostles said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
134 | ACT | 1 | 24 | a070 | σὺ Κύριε, καρδιογνῶστα πάντων | 1 | You, Lord, heart-knower of all | Alternate translation: “You, Lord, who know the hearts of all people” | |
135 | ACT | 1 | 24 | se6m | figs-metaphor | σὺ Κύριε, καρδιογνῶστα πάντων | 1 | You, Lord, heart-knower of all | Here, the heart figuratively represents the thoughts and motives. Alternate translation: “You, Lord, who know the thoughts and motives of all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
136 | ACT | 1 | 24 | a071 | figs-youformal | σὺ Κύριε | 1 | you, Lord | The word you is singular because the person who is praying is addressing God. If your language has a formal form of “you” that it uses to address a superior respectfully, you may wish to use that form in your translation. However, it might be more natural in your language for someone who has a good, close relationship with God to address God using the informal form of “you.” Use your best judgment about what form to use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youformal]]) |
137 | ACT | 1 | 24 | a072 | figs-nominaladj | ὃν ἐξελέξω ἐκ τούτων τῶν δύο ἕνα | 1 | which one from these two | The person who is praying is using the adjective two as a noun to refer to specific people, the two men whom the believers have proposed. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could add the term “men” to clarify the meaning. Alternate translation: “which one of these two men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
138 | ACT | 1 | 25 | mg47 | figs-hendiadys | λαβεῖν τὸν τόπον τῆς διακονίας ταύτης καὶ ἀποστολῆς | 1 | to take this place of ministry and apostleship | The person who is praying is expressing a single idea by using two words connected with and. The word apostleship identifies what kind of ministry this is. Alternate translation: “to take this place of apostolic ministry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
139 | ACT | 1 | 25 | ryv6 | figs-metaphor | ἀφ’ ἧς παρέβη Ἰούδας | 1 | from which Judas turned aside | The expression turned aside figuratively means that Judas stopped performing this ministry. Alternate translation: “which Judas stopped fulfilling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
140 | ACT | 1 | 25 | tx6n | figs-euphemism | πορευθῆναι εἰς τὸν τόπον τὸν ἴδιον | 1 | to go to his own place | This phrase uses a mild expression to describe Judas’ death and likely also his judgment after death. Alternate translation: “and died under God’s judgment as a result” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
141 | ACT | 1 | 26 | a073 | grammar-connect-logic-result | καὶ | 1 | And | Luke uses the word translated And to introduce what the believers did as a result of Peter’s speech. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
142 | ACT | 1 | 26 | r84c | writing-pronouns | ἔδωκαν κλήρους αὐτοῖς | 1 | they cast lots for them | The pronoun they refers to the believers and the pronoun them refers to Joseph and Matthias. You may want to specify that for clarity. (But if you decide to retain the pronoun them and if your language marks the dual form, them would be dual because it refers to those two men.) Alternate translation: “the believers cast lots to decide between Joseph and Matthias” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
143 | ACT | 1 | 26 | a074 | translate-unknown | ἔδωκαν κλήρους αὐτοῖς | 1 | they cast lots for them | The term lots describes objects with various markings on different sides that were used, most likely by dropping them on the ground, to select between possibilities. The belief was that God would control which way these objects fell and so guide the selection process. Alternate translation: “they threw marked objects on the ground, trusting that God would use these to guide them whether to choose Joseph or Matthias” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
144 | ACT | 1 | 26 | w4ph | figs-idiom | ἔπεσεν ὁ κλῆρος ἐπὶ Μαθθίαν | 1 | the lot fell to Matthias | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the lot selected Matthias” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
145 | ACT | 1 | 26 | fk4x | figs-activepassive | συνκατεψηφίσθη | 1 | he was chosen | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the believers chose him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
146 | ACT | 2 | intro | x8fr | 0 | Acts 2 General NotesStructure and formattingSome translations set lines of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 2:17–21, 25–28, and 34–35. Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the material that is quoted in 2:31. Special concepts in this chapterPentecostThe events described in this chapter took place on the day of Pentecost. That was a festival that the Jews observed each year 50 days after Passover. It was a harvest festival that celebrated the first produce from the fields. That produce was known as “firstfruits.” Many people believe that the church began to exist when the Holy Spirit came to live inside believers on this particular day of Pentecost. Those believers were the “firstfruits” of all those who would become part of the church down through the years. TonguesThe word “tongues” has two meanings in this chapter. In 2:3, Luke describes what came down from heaven as “tongues as if of fire.” A “tongue of fire” means a “flame of fire” (as in Isaiah 5:24, for example), so this means “something like flames of fire.” In 2:4, Luke uses the word “tongues” in the different sense of “languages” to describe the languages that the people spoke after the Holy Spirit filled them. Last daysIn 2:17–21, Peter quotes a prophecy from Joel that describes something that will happen in the “last days.” Some scholars understand the “last days” to mean a time in the future just before Jesus returns. Other scholars understand the “last days” to mean the entire time from when Jesus first came to when he will return. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this expression where it occurs in 2:17. It may be best not to say more about this than ULT does. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) The prophecy of JoelIn 2:17–21, Peter quotes a prophecy of Joel about what would happen in the “last days.” Some of the things that prophecy describes did happen on the day of Pentecost, for example, the pouring out of the Spirit (2:17–18). Some other things did not happen, at least not literally, for example, the sun turning to darkness (2:20). Depending on how scholars understand the “last days,” they may say either that these other things await a literal future fulfillment or that they were fulfilled in some spiritual sense on the day of Pentecost. Once again it may be best not to say any more than ULT does and to allow preachers and teachers of the Bible to interpret and explain the meaning of Peter’s statement in 2:16, “this is what was spoken through the prophet Joel.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) BaptizeIn this chapter, the word “baptize” refers to water baptism as an expression of faith in Jesus for the forgiveness of sins. That is how Luke uses the term in 2:38 and 2:41. Jesus did promise the disciples in 1:5 that they would be baptized in the Holy Spirit, and the events that Luke describes in 2:1-11 are the fulfillment of that promise. But Luke does not use the word “baptize” to describe those events in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/baptize]]) Wonders and signsThese words refer to things that only God could do that showed that Jesus was who the disciples said he was. See the notes to this expression in 2:43. Possible translation difficulties in this chapter“You killed” (2:23)The Romans were the ones who killed Jesus, but they killed him because the Jews captured him, brought him to the Romans, and urged the Romans to kill him. For this reason Peter tells the people in the crowd on the day of Pentecost that they were guilty of killing Jesus. See the note to this phrase in 2:23 for suggestions about how to make clear in your translation what Peter means when he says this. Long sentencesThere is a long sentence that goes from the beginning of 2:9 to the end of 2:11. ULT represents all of it as a single sentence. It may be helpful to your readers to divide it into several sentences, as UST does. There is also a long sentence that goes from the beginning of 2:44 to the end of 2:47. Once again it may be helpful to your readers to divide it into several sentences, as UST does. PoetryThe quotations from the Old Testament in 2:17–21, 25–28, and 34–35 are poetry. For advice about how to represent this literary form in your translation, see: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]. | |||
147 | ACT | 2 | 1 | i4sa | writing-newevent | καὶ ἐν τῷ συνπληροῦσθαι τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς Πεντηκοστῆς | 1 | And when the day of Pentecost was completely filled | Luke uses this time reference to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
148 | ACT | 2 | 1 | a076 | figs-idiom | ἐν τῷ συνπληροῦσθαι τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς Πεντηκοστῆς | 1 | when the day of Pentecost was completely filled | This is an idiomatic way of speaking about time. Alternate translation: “when the day of Pentecost had come” or, if your language does not speak of days “coming,” “on the day of Pentecost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
149 | ACT | 2 | 1 | a425 | figs-activepassive | ἐν τῷ συνπληροῦσθαι τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς Πεντηκοστῆς | 1 | when the day of Pentecost was completely filled | Since this is an idiom, it would probably not be meaningful in most languages to use an active form of the verb “fill” in place of the passive form of that verb here. However, if your language does speak of someone or something “filling” days or times so that they arrive, but your language does not use passive verbal forms, you could use an active form of “fill” here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
150 | ACT | 2 | 1 | x075 | translate-names | τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς Πεντηκοστῆς | 1 | the day of Pentecost | Pentecost is the name of a festival. It occurs 50 days after Passover. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
151 | ACT | 2 | 1 | i4sb | writing-pronouns | ἦσαν πάντες ὁμοῦ | 1 | they were all together | Here the word they refers to the apostles and the other 120 believers whom Luke mentions in 1:15. Alternate translation: “the apostles and all the other believers were together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
152 | ACT | 2 | 1 | a077 | ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό | 1 | to the same | See the discussion of this phrase in Part 3 of the Introduction to Acts. Alternate translation: “in the same place” or “in united Christian fellowship” | |
153 | ACT | 2 | 2 | qjc3 | ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ | 1 | from heaven | The word translated heaven could mean: (1) “the sky.” Alternate translation: “from the sky” (2) the sound came from heaven itself. | |
154 | ACT | 2 | 2 | a078 | figs-simile | ὥσπερ φερομένης πνοῆς βιαίας | 1 | as of a strong wind being borne along | Luke is using a simile to describe what this wind was like. You could use the same simile in your translation, or you could use a different comparison, to a similar loud sound that your readers would recognize. It may be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “It sounded like a strong wind being borne along” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
155 | ACT | 2 | 2 | jec5 | figs-metaphor | φερομένης πνοῆς βιαίας | 1 | a strong wind being borne along | Luke speaks figuratively of the wind as if it were being carried through the air. Alternate translation: “a mighty, rushing wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
156 | ACT | 2 | 2 | a079 | figs-metaphor | ἐπλήρωσεν ὅλον τὸν οἶκον | 1 | it filled the whole house | Luke speaks figuratively of this sound as if it filled the house. Alternate translation: “it could be heard throughout the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
157 | ACT | 2 | 2 | t4y4 | ὅλον τὸν οἶκον | 1 | the whole house | Luke may be using the word translated house in one of its specific senses to mean a building. So this could have been either a private home or a larger building. Alternate translation: “the entire building” | |
158 | ACT | 2 | 2 | a080 | figs-idiom | οὗ ἦσαν καθήμενοι | 1 | where they were sitting | Luke may be using the term sitting idiomatically to mean “meeting.” Alternate translation: “in which they were meeting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
159 | ACT | 2 | 3 | re3t | γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός | 1 | tongues as if of fire | This phrase means “something like tongues of fire,” and a “tongue of fire” means a “flame of fire.” (The expression is used with that meaning in Isaiah 5:24, for example.) This is not a simile. Luke is describing what these objects looked like. Alternate translation: “objects that looked like flames of fire” | |
160 | ACT | 2 | 3 | xtk4 | διαμεριζόμεναι | 1 | distributing themselves | This means that the objects that looked like flames of fire spread out so that there was one on each person. Alternate translation: “spreading around” | |
161 | ACT | 2 | 3 | a081 | writing-pronouns | ἐκάθισεν ἐφ’ ἕνα ἕκαστον αὐτῶν | 1 | they sat upon each one of them | The pronoun they refers to the objects, and the pronoun them refers to the disciples. Alternate translation: “one of the objects sat upon each one of the disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
162 | ACT | 2 | 3 | a082 | figs-metaphor | ἐκάθισεν ἐφ’ ἕνα ἕκαστον αὐτῶν | 1 | they sat upon each one of them | Luke is using the word sat figuratively to indicate that the objects remained in one place once they had spread around. Alternate translation: “one of the objects remained on each one of the disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
163 | ACT | 2 | 4 | v7hi | figs-activepassive | ἐπλήσθησαν πάντες Πνεύματος Ἁγίου | 1 | they were all filled with the Holy Spirit | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit filled them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
164 | ACT | 2 | 4 | a251 | figs-metaphor | ἐπλήσθησαν πάντες Πνεύματος Ἁγίου | 1 | they were all filled with the Holy Spirit | Luke is speaking figuratively as if the believers were containers that the Holy Spirit filled. Alternate translation: “they were all inspired by the Holy Spirit” or “the Holy Spirit inspired them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
165 | ACT | 2 | 4 | a083 | ἤρξαντο λαλεῖν ἑτέραις γλώσσαις | 1 | they began to speak in other tongues | Luke is using the word tongues in one of its specific senses to mean “languages.” Alternate translation: “they began to speak in other languages” | |
166 | ACT | 2 | 4 | nr9f | figs-explicit | ἤρξαντο λαλεῖν ἑτέραις γλώσσαις | 1 | they began to speak in other tongues | The implication, as 2:6–11 makes clear, is that the disciples were speaking languages that they did not know. Alternate translation: “they began to speak in languages that they did not know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
167 | ACT | 2 | 4 | a084 | καθὼς τὸ Πνεῦμα ἐδίδου ἀποφθέγγεσθαι αὐτοῖς | 1 | as the Spirit was giving them to speak out | Here, giving has the sense of enabling. Alternate translation: “as the Spirit was enabling them to speak out” | |
168 | ACT | 2 | 4 | a085 | καθὼς τὸ Πνεῦμα ἐδίδου ἀποφθέγγεσθαι αὐτοῖς | 1 | as the Spirit was giving them to speak out | The word translated to speak out means to speak clearly and articulately. To express this meaning, it may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “The Spirit was enabling them to speak these languages clearly and articulately” | |
169 | ACT | 2 | 5 | dz1l | grammar-connect-time-background | δὲ | 1 | Now | Luke uses the word Now to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. You can translate it with a word or phrase that serves the same purpose in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) |
170 | ACT | 2 | 5 | yft2 | figs-gendernotations | ἄνδρες εὐλαβεῖς | 1 | godly men | Luke is using the term men in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “godly people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
171 | ACT | 2 | 5 | stq9 | figs-hyperbole | παντὸς ἔθνους | 1 | every nation | The word every is a generalization that emphasizes that the people came from many different nations. Alternate translation: “many different nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
172 | ACT | 2 | 5 | a086 | figs-idiom | ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν | 1 | under heaven | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
173 | ACT | 2 | 6 | bpj7 | figs-activepassive | συνεχύθη | 1 | was confused | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say what did the action. Alternate translation: “what they heard confused them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
174 | ACT | 2 | 6 | u9hc | writing-pronouns | ἤκουον εἷς ἕκαστος τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ λαλούντων αὐτῶν | 1 | each one was hearing them speaking in his own language | The pronoun them refers to the believers and the pronoun his refers to each person in the multitude. Alternate translation: “each person in the multitude could hear one of the disciples speaking in that person’s own language” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
175 | ACT | 2 | 7 | m8kd | figs-doublet | ἐξίσταντο…καὶ ἐθαύμαζον | 1 | they were … amazed and were marveling | The terms amazed and marveling mean similar things. Luke may be using the two terms together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “they were … greatly amazed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
176 | ACT | 2 | 7 | a087 | figs-activepassive | ἐξίσταντο…πάντες καὶ ἐθαύμαζον | 1 | they were all amazed and were marveling | The expression were … amazed is not a passive verbal form. However, if your language does not use passive forms, it might be helpful to your readers to use an expression that does not seem to be a passive verbal form. Alternate translation: “this amazed all of them and they were marveling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
177 | ACT | 2 | 7 | a088 | figs-metaphor | ἰδοὺ | 1 | Behold | Behold is an expression that speakers use to focus the attention of their listeners on what they are about to say. Though it literally means “look” or “see,” the term can be used figuratively to get people to pay attention. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use here in your translation. Alternate translation: “In fact” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
178 | ACT | 2 | 7 | wnk2 | figs-rquestion | οὐχ…ἅπαντες οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ λαλοῦντες Γαλιλαῖοι | 1 | are not all these who are speaking Galileans? | The speakers are not looking for information. They are using the question form to express their amazement. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate their words as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “all of these people who are speaking are Galileans!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
179 | ACT | 2 | 7 | a089 | translate-names | Γαλιλαῖοι | 1 | Galileans | See how you translated the name Galileans in 1:11. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
180 | ACT | 2 | 8 | hzm8 | figs-rquestion | καὶ πῶς ἡμεῖς ἀκούομεν ἕκαστος τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ ἡμῶν, ἐν ᾗ ἐγεννήθημεν? | 1 | And how are we hearing, each in our own language in which we were born? | The speakers do not expect someone to be able to answer this question for them. Rather, they are using the question form to express their amazement. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate their words as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “So we should not each be hearing them speak in our own languages in which we were born!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
181 | ACT | 2 | 8 | a090 | grammar-connect-logic-result | καὶ | 1 | And | The speakers are using the word translated And to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
182 | ACT | 2 | 8 | a091 | figs-explicit | πῶς ἡμεῖς ἀκούομεν ἕκαστος | 1 | how are we hearing, each | Your language may require you to specify the object of hearing. Alternate translation: “how are we each hearing them speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
183 | ACT | 2 | 8 | a092 | figs-exclusive | ἡμεῖς…ἡμῶν | 1 | we … our | The speakers are using the words we and our to refer to themselves and to their listeners, so use the inclusive forms of those words if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
184 | ACT | 2 | 8 | wb5t | figs-metaphor | ἐν ᾗ ἐγεννήθημεν | 1 | in which we were born | The speakers say figuratively that they were born in these languages to mean that they learned them from birth. Alternate translation: “that we learned from birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
185 | ACT | 2 | 8 | a093 | figs-activepassive | ἐν ᾗ ἐγεννήθημεν | 1 | in which we were born | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. However, since this is a metaphor, it would be preferable to use another expression to explain its meaning, rather than to say something like “in which our mothers gave birth to us.” Alternate translation: “that we learned from birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
186 | ACT | 2 | 9 | f1ve | translate-names | Πάρθοι…Μῆδοι…Ἐλαμεῖται | 1 | Parthians … Medes … Elamites | These are names of three people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
187 | ACT | 2 | 9 | dm23 | translate-names | τὴν Μεσοποταμίαν, Ἰουδαίαν;…Καππαδοκίαν, Πόντον…Ἀσίαν | 1 | Mesopotamia, Judea … Cappadocia, Pontus … Asia | These are names of five areas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
188 | ACT | 2 | 10 | tmb4 | translate-names | Φρυγίαν…Παμφυλίαν, Αἴγυπτον…Λιβύης | 1 | Phrygia … Pamphylia, Egypt … Libya | These are names of four areas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
189 | ACT | 2 | 10 | a094 | translate-names | Κυρήνην | 1 | Cyrene | Cyrene is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
190 | ACT | 2 | 10 | a095 | translate-names | οἱ ἐπιδημοῦντες Ῥωμαῖοι | 1 | Romans visiting | Here, Romans is a name for people who are from the city of Rome. Alternate translation: “visitors from Rome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
191 | ACT | 2 | 11 | w8jy | Ἰουδαῖοί τε καὶ προσήλυτοι | 1 | both Jews and proselytes | The term proselytes describes converts to the Jewish religion. The phrase both Jews and proselytes could apply specifically to the visitors from Rome mentioned at the end of the previous verse, or it could apply to the whole list of people in 2:9–11. Alternate translation: “both Jews and converts to the Jewish religion” | |
192 | ACT | 2 | 11 | jnp7 | translate-names | Κρῆτες…Ἄραβες | 1 | Cretans and Arabians | These are names of two people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
193 | ACT | 2 | 11 | a096 | γλώσσαις | 1 | tongues | As in 2:4, here the word tongues has the specific sense of “languages.” Alternate translation: “languages” | |
194 | ACT | 2 | 11 | a097 | figs-nominaladj | τὰ μεγαλεῖα τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | the great things of God | The speakers are using the adjective great as a noun. (The term is plural; ULT adds things to show this.) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the great things that God has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
195 | ACT | 2 | 12 | el2f | figs-doublet | ἐξίσταντο…πάντες καὶ διηποροῦντο | 1 | they were all amazed and were perplexed | The words amazed and perplexed mean similar things. Luke is using them together to emphasize that the people could not understand what was happening. Alternate translation: “they were very perplexed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
196 | ACT | 2 | 12 | a098 | figs-activepassive | ἐξίσταντο…πάντες καὶ διηποροῦντο…λέγοντες | 1 | they were all amazed and were perplexed, saying | These are not passive verbal forms. However, if your language does not use passive forms, it might be helpful to your readers to use an expression that does not seem to be a passive verbal form. Alternate translation: “this amazed and perplexed all of them, and they said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
197 | ACT | 2 | 12 | a099 | figs-idiom | τί θέλει τοῦτο εἶναι | 1 | What does this want to be | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “What is the explanation for this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
198 | ACT | 2 | 13 | a100 | figs-activepassive | γλεύκους μεμεστωμένοι εἰσίν | 1 | They are filled with sweet wine | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. However, it would be preferable to use an equivalent expression that conveys the meaning rather than to say something like “sweet wine has filled them.” Alternate translation: “They have drunk their fill of sweet wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
199 | ACT | 2 | 13 | fg59 | figs-explicit | γλεύκους μεμεστωμένοι εἰσίν | 1 | They are filled with sweet wine | The implications of this statement are that the disciples have gotten drunk and are babbling and that this is the explanation for the languages the people think they are hearing. Alternate translation: “They have gotten drunk on sweet wine, and so what we are hearing is just drunken babbling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
200 | ACT | 2 | 13 | jj1n | translate-unknown | γλεύκους | 1 | with sweet wine | This refers to wine that is thicker and more intoxicating than ordinary wine. If your readers would not be familiar with this drink, you could use the name of another strong drink that they would recognize, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “with strong liquor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
201 | ACT | 2 | 14 | k5hr | translate-symaction | σταθεὶς δὲ ὁ Πέτρος σὺν τοῖς ἕνδεκα, ἐπῆρεν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ | 1 | But Peter, having stood with the Eleven, raised up his voice | Peter stood to show that he had something important to say, and the other apostles stood with him to show their support for him as he spoke. You could indicate that in your translation, perhaps as a separate sentence, if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “But Peter stood up to show that he had something important to say, and the other apostles stood with him to show their support for him as he spoke. Peter raised up his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
202 | ACT | 2 | 14 | c919 | figs-nominaladj | τοῖς ἕνδεκα | 1 | the eleven | Luke is using the adjective eleven as a noun in order to indicate a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the other 11 apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
203 | ACT | 2 | 14 | d9tb | figs-idiom | ἐπῆρεν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπεφθέγξατο αὐτοῖς | 1 | raised up his voice and spoke out to them | The idiom raised up his voice means that Peter spoke loudly. Alternate translation: “spoke out to them in a loud voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
204 | ACT | 2 | 14 | a102 | figs-idiom | ἄνδρες, Ἰουδαῖοι | 1 | Men, Jews | This is an idiomatic form of address. Alternate translation: “My fellow Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
205 | ACT | 2 | 14 | a103 | figs-gendernotations | ἄνδρες, Ἰουδαῖοι | 1 | Men, Jews | Peter is using the term men in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the idiomatic form of address in your translation, follow the convention in your language that indicates a mixed group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
206 | ACT | 2 | 14 | a104 | figs-explicit | οἱ κατοικοῦντες Ἰερουσαλὴμ πάντες | 1 | all who are inhabiting Jerusalem | This seems to mean implicitly people who are not Jews but who live in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “all of you non-Jews who are residents of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
207 | ACT | 2 | 14 | ei5j | τοῦτο ὑμῖν γνωστὸν ἔστω | 1 | let this be known to you | This expression means that Peter wants to explain the meaning of what the people are seeing and hearing. Alternate translation: “let me explain this to you” or “I am going to explain this to you” | |
208 | ACT | 2 | 14 | a105 | grammar-connect-logic-result | καὶ | 1 | and | Peter uses the word translated and to indicate what his listeners should do as a result of what he has just told them. Alternate translation: “so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
209 | ACT | 2 | 14 | qp16 | figs-metonymy | ἐνωτίσασθε τὰ ῥήματά μου | 1 | take my words into your ears | Peter is using the term words figuratively to mean what he is about to say by using words, and he is using the term ears figuratively to mean the capacity for listening. Alternate translation: “listen carefully to what I am about to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
210 | ACT | 2 | 15 | a106 | grammar-connect-logic-result | γὰρ | 1 | For | Peter says for in this first instance to introduce the reason why the crowd should listen to him. Alternate translation: “You should listen to me because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
211 | ACT | 2 | 15 | a107 | writing-pronouns | οὗτοι | 1 | these | The demonstrative pronoun these refers to the disciples who are speaking different languages. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could add more information to clarify the meaning. Alternate translation: “these people who are speaking different languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
212 | ACT | 2 | 15 | a108 | grammar-connect-logic-result | γὰρ | 2 | For | Peter says for in this second instance to introduce the reason why the people speaking different languages are not drunk. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “They are not drunk, because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
213 | ACT | 2 | 15 | a109 | ἔστιν…ὥρα τρίτη τῆς ἡμέρας | 1 | it is the third hour of the day | In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. Alternate translation: “it is nine o’clock in the morning” | |
214 | ACT | 2 | 15 | h28q | figs-explicit | ἔστιν…ὥρα τρίτη τῆς ἡμέρας | 1 | it is the third hour of the day | Peter assumes that his listeners will know that people do not get drunk that early in the day. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “it is only nine o’clock in the morning, and people do not get drunk that early” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
215 | ACT | 2 | 15 | a110 | translate-ordinal | ὥρα τρίτη τῆς ἡμέρας | 1 | the third hour of the day | If you decide to translate this in the way that the biblical culture reckoned time, but your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here. Alternate translation: “hour three of the day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) |
216 | ACT | 2 | 16 | f9hz | figs-activepassive | τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ εἰρημένον διὰ τοῦ προφήτου Ἰωήλ | 1 | this is what was spoken through the prophet Joel | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “this is what God said through the prophet Joel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
217 | ACT | 2 | 16 | ktw9 | figs-explicit | τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ εἰρημένον διὰ τοῦ προφήτου Ἰωήλ | 1 | this is what was spoken through the prophet Joel | The implication is that God is now making happen what he said through Joel. Alternate translation: “you are seeing God make happen what he announced earlier through the prophet Joel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
218 | ACT | 2 | 17 | a111 | figs-quotesinquotes | καὶ ἔσται ἐν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις, λέγει ὁ Θεός, ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματός μου ἐπὶ πᾶσαν σάρκα | 1 | ‘“And it will be in the last days,” God says, “I will pour out from my Spirit on all flesh” | The material in 2:17–21 contains a quotation within a quotation within a quotation. Luke is quoting Peter, Peter is quoting Joel, and Joel is quoting God. You could avoid having a third-level quotation by moving the phrase God says to before the quotation from Joel. (The phrase itself does not occur in the passage from Joel that Peter quotes. It appears to be something that Peter supplies within the quotation to show that God is the speaker. Since that is the case, putting it before the quotation would not change the actual biblical text.) Alternate translation: “God said, ‘And it will be in the last days, I will pour out from my Spirit on all flesh’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
219 | ACT | 2 | 17 | a112 | figs-quotesinquotes | καὶ ἔσται ἐν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις, λέγει ὁ Θεός, ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματός μου ἐπὶ πᾶσαν σάρκα | 1 | ‘“And it will be in the last days,” God says, “I will pour out from my Spirit on all flesh” | You could also avoid having a second-level quotation by turning the direct quotation into an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “God said that in the last days he would pour out his Spirit on all flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
220 | ACT | 2 | 17 | ijl8 | καὶ ἔσται | 1 | And it will be | Alternate translation: “This is what will happen” or “This is what I will do” | |
221 | ACT | 2 | 17 | a113 | ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις | 1 | the last days | See the discussion of this phrase in the General Notes to this chapter, which recommend not interpreting or explaining it, but representing it simply as ULT does. | |
222 | ACT | 2 | 17 | u2d1 | figs-metaphor | ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματός μου | 1 | I will pour out from my Spirit | God says figuratively that he will pour out his Spirit, as if the Spirit were a liquid, to mean that he will give the Spirit generously and abundantly. Alternate translation: “I will lavish my Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
223 | ACT | 2 | 17 | a114 | figs-metonymy | ἐπὶ πᾶσαν σάρκα | 1 | on all flesh | God refers figuratively to flesh to mean people, by association with the way that people are made of flesh. Alternate translation: “to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
224 | ACT | 2 | 17 | a115 | figs-quotesinquotes | καὶ προφητεύσουσιν οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν, καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες ὑμῶν; καὶ οἱ νεανίσκοι ὑμῶν ὁράσεις ὄψονται, καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι ὑμῶν ἐνυπνίοις ἐνυπνιασθήσονται | 1 | and your sons and your daughters will prophesy, and your young men will see visions, and your old men will dream dreams | If you have decided to turn Peter’s quotation from Joel into an indirect quotation in order to avoid having a second-level quotation, also do that here in the rest of the verse. It may be helpful to make this a new sentence. Alternate translation: “God said that our sons and our daughters would prophesy and our young men would see visions and our old men would dream dreams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
225 | ACT | 2 | 17 | a116 | figs-exclusive | ὑμῶν | -1 | your | If you turn the direct quotation into an indirect quotation and translate these instances of your as “our,” use the inclusive form of the word “our” in each instance if your language marks that distinction, since Joel would be referring to himself and his listeners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
226 | ACT | 2 | 17 | a117 | figs-gendernotations | οἱ νεανίσκοι…οἱ πρεσβύτεροι | 1 | young men … old men | God speaks separately of sons and daughters in this verse and of “male servants” and “female servants” in the next verse. But here the contrast is between young and old. So the word men could have a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “young people … old people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
227 | ACT | 2 | 18 | uwd7 | figs-quotations | καί γε ἐπὶ τοὺς δούλους μου, καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς δούλας μου, ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματός μου, καὶ προφητεύσουσιν | 1 | And even on my male servants and on my female servants in those days I will pour out from my Spirit, and they will prophesy | You may have decided to turn Peter’s quotation from Joel into an indirect quotation in order to avoid having a second-level quotation. Alternate translation: “God said that even on his male servants and on his female servants in those days he would pour out from his Spirit, and they would prophesy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
228 | ACT | 2 | 18 | nd34 | ἐπὶ τοὺς δούλους μου, καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς δούλας μου | 1 | on my male servants and on my female servants | If your language has masculine and feminine forms of the word “servant,” it would be accurate to use those forms here. Other languages can indicate this distinction in other ways, as ULT does with the adjectives “male” and “female.” | |
229 | ACT | 2 | 18 | a118 | figs-idiom | ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις | 1 | in those days | Here, days idiomatically means a specific time. Alternate translation: “at that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
230 | ACT | 2 | 18 | wz2i | figs-metaphor | ἐπὶ…ἐπὶ…ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματός μου | 1 | on … on … I will pour out from my Spirit | See how you translated this in 2:17. Alternate translation: “to … to … I will give my Spirit abundantly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
231 | ACT | 2 | 19 | a119 | figs-quotesinquotes | καὶ δώσω | 1 | And I will give | You may have decided to turn Peter’s quotation from Joel into an indirect quotation in order to avoid having a second-level quotation. Alternate translation: “God said that he would give” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
232 | ACT | 2 | 19 | a120 | δώσω τέρατα…καὶ σημεῖα | 1 | I will give wonders … and signs | Alternate translation: “I will show wonders … and signs” | |
233 | ACT | 2 | 19 | a121 | ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἄνω | 1 | in the heaven above | Since God specifies in the next verse that these wonders will affect the sun and the moon, the word translated heaven likely has the specific sense of “sky.” Alternate translation: “in the sky above” | |
234 | ACT | 2 | 19 | p5zi | figs-possession | ἀτμίδα καπνοῦ | 1 | vapor of smoke | Here the possessive form describes vapor that looks smoky or that has smoke in it. Alternate translation: “smoky vapor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
235 | ACT | 2 | 20 | ylv7 | figs-quotesinquotes | ὁ ἥλιος μεταστραφήσεται εἰς σκότος καὶ ἡ σελήνη εἰς αἷμα, πρὶν ἢ ἐλθεῖν ἡμέραν Κυρίου τὴν μεγάλην καὶ ἐπιφανῆ | 1 | The sun will be turned to darkness, and the moon to blood before the great and remarkable day of the Lord comes | You may have decided to turn Peter’s quotation from Joel into an indirect quotation in order to avoid having a second-level quotation. Alternate translation: “God said that sun would be turned to darkness, and the moon to blood before the great and remarkable day of the Lord came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
236 | ACT | 2 | 20 | a6yh | figs-activepassive | ὁ ἥλιος μεταστραφήσεται εἰς σκότος | 1 | The sun will be turned to darkness | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “I will turn the sun to darkness” or, if you are making this an indirect quotation, “God said that he would turn the sun to darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
237 | ACT | 2 | 20 | a122 | figs-metaphor | ὁ ἥλιος μεταστραφήσεται εἰς σκότος | 1 | The sun will be turned to darkness | God is speaking figuratively as if he would change the sun into something else. Alternate translation: “The sun will become dark” or “The sun will no longer shine brightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
238 | ACT | 2 | 20 | a123 | figs-abstractnouns | ὁ ἥλιος μεταστραφήσεται εἰς σκότος | 1 | The sun will be turned to darkness | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word darkness, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “dark.” Alternate translation: “The sun will become dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
239 | ACT | 2 | 20 | a124 | figs-ellipsis | καὶ ἡ σελήνη εἰς αἷμα | 1 | and the moon to blood | Here some words have been left out that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “and the moon will be turned to blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
240 | ACT | 2 | 20 | a125 | figs-activepassive | καὶ ἡ σελήνη εἰς αἷμα | 1 | and the moon to blood | If you decide to supply words as the previous note suggests, but your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form. Alternate translation: “and I will turn the moon to blood” or, if you are making this an indirect quotation, “and that he would turn the moon to blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
241 | ACT | 2 | 20 | f34k | figs-metaphor | καὶ ἡ σελήνη εἰς αἷμα | 1 | and the moon to blood | God is speaking figuratively as if he would change the moon into something else. Alternate translation: “and the moon will look like blood” or “and the moon will appear to be red” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
242 | ACT | 2 | 20 | swb2 | figs-doublet | ἡμέραν…τὴν μεγάλην καὶ ἐπιφανῆ | 1 | the great and remarkable day | The words great and remarkable mean similar things. They are being used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the very great day” or “the truly remarkable day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
243 | ACT | 2 | 20 | lc4g | figs-idiom | ἐλθεῖν ἡμέραν Κυρίου | 1 | the day of the Lord comes | This is an expression that many of the prophets use. It refers to the time when God will judge and punish people for their sins. Alternate translation: “the time when the Lord judges and punishes people for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
244 | ACT | 2 | 20 | a126 | figs-123person | ἐλθεῖν ἡμέραν Κυρίου | 1 | the day of the Lord comes | In this expression, God is speaking of himself in the third person. If that would be confusing to your readers, you can use the first person in your translation. Alternate translation: “time arrives when I judge and punish people for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
245 | ACT | 2 | 21 | a127 | figs-quotesinquotes | καὶ ἔσται, πᾶς ὃς ἂν ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου σωθήσεται | 1 | And it will be, everyone who may call on the name of the Lord will be saved | You may have decided to turn Peter’s quotation from Joel into an indirect quotation in order to avoid having a second-level quotation. Alternate translation: “And God said it would happen that everyone who called on the name of the Lord would be saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
246 | ACT | 2 | 21 | a128 | καὶ ἔσται, πᾶς | 1 | And it will be, everyone | Alternate translation: “And this is what will happen: Everyone” | |
247 | ACT | 2 | 21 | vql5 | figs-activepassive | πᾶς ὃς ἂν ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου σωθήσεται | 1 | everyone who may call on the name of the Lord will be saved | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the Lord will save everyone who calls on his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
248 | ACT | 2 | 21 | a129 | figs-idiom | πᾶς ὃς ἂν ἐπικαλέσηται | 1 | everyone who may call on | Here, call on is an idiom. Alternate translation: “everyone who may appeal to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
249 | ACT | 2 | 21 | a130 | figs-123person | τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου | 1 | the name of the Lord | God is speaking of himself in the third person. If that would be confusing to your readers, you can use the first person in your translation. Alternate translation: “my name” or “me by name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
250 | ACT | 2 | 21 | a131 | figs-metonymy | τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου | 1 | the name of the Lord | Here, name figuratively represents a person, by association with the way that each person has a name. Alternate translation: “the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
251 | ACT | 2 | 21 | a132 | figs-explicit | τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου | 1 | the name of the Lord | The implication is that people would appeal to God to show them mercy and save them. Alternate translation: “the Lord for mercy and salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
252 | ACT | 2 | 21 | a133 | figs-quotemarks | σωθήσεται | 1 | will be saved | This is the end of Joel’s quotation of the Lord. If you chose to mark the Lord’s words as a third-level quotation, indicate that ending here with a closing third-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation within a quotation within a quotation. It is also the end of Peter’s quotation of Joel. If you chose to mark Joel’s words as a second-level quotation, similarly indicate the ending of that quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]]) |
253 | ACT | 2 | 22 | sa78 | figs-idiom | ἄνδρες, Ἰσραηλεῖται | 1 | Men, Israelites | This is an idiomatic form of address. Alternate translation: “My fellow Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
254 | ACT | 2 | 22 | g6vj | figs-metonymy | ἀκούσατε τοὺς λόγους τούτους | 1 | hear these words | Peter is using the term words figuratively to mean what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “listen to what I am about to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
255 | ACT | 2 | 22 | a134 | translate-names | Ἰησοῦν τὸν Ναζωραῖον | 1 | Jesus the Nazarene | The word Nazarene describes someone who comes from the city of Nazareth. Alternate translation: “Jesus of Nazareth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
256 | ACT | 2 | 22 | f2t1 | figs-activepassive | ἀποδεδειγμένον ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | attested to you by God | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “whom God proved he had sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
257 | ACT | 2 | 22 | a135 | figs-doublet | δυνάμεσι, καὶ τέρασι, καὶ σημείοις | 1 | with mighty deeds and wonders and signs | The terms mighty works, wonders, and signs mean similar things. Peter is using them together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “by means of many great miracles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
258 | ACT | 2 | 23 | a136 | figs-nominaladj | τοῦτον | 1 | This one | Peter is using the demonstrative adjective this as a noun to refer to a specific person, Jesus. (ULT shows that by adding one.) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could specify whom Peter means. Alternate translation: “This Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
259 | ACT | 2 | 23 | i6un | figs-activepassive | τῇ, ὡρισμένῃ βουλῇ καὶ προγνώσει τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἔκδοτον | 1 | given up by the determined counsel and foreknowledge of God | The term translated given up is an adjective, not a passive verbal form, but even so you may wish to translate it with an active verbal form. Alternate translation: “whom God gave up by his determined counsel and foreknowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
260 | ACT | 2 | 23 | s38b | figs-abstractnouns | τῇ, ὡρισμένῃ βουλῇ καὶ προγνώσει τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | by the determined counsel and foreknowledge of God | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words counsel and foreknowledge, you could express the same ideas with verbs. Alternate translation: “as God had planned in a determined way for things he knew about ahead of time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
261 | ACT | 2 | 23 | a137 | figs-activepassive | τῇ, ὡρισμένῃ βουλῇ καὶ προγνώσει τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | by the determined counsel and foreknowledge of God | The word determined is a passive verbal form that you could express with an active form. Alternate translation: “in a way that God had determined as he planned for things he knew about ahead of time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
262 | ACT | 2 | 23 | f5kn | figs-synecdoche | ἀνείλατε | 1 | you killed | It was the Romans who literally killed Jesus, but Peter says figuratively that the Jewish people in the crowd killed him because their demands led to his death. Alternate translation: “you demanded to be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
263 | ACT | 2 | 23 | e38a | figs-metonymy | διὰ χειρὸς ἀνόμων | 1 | of the lawless | Here, hand refers figuratively to actions. Alternate translation: “through the actions of the lawless” or “by what the lawless did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
264 | ACT | 2 | 23 | a138 | figs-nominaladj | ἀνόμων | 1 | the lawless | Peter is using the adjective lawless as a noun in order to indicate a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can supply the word “people” to show this. Alternate translation: “lawless people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
265 | ACT | 2 | 23 | f6kd | figs-metonymy | ἀνόμων | 1 | of the lawless | By lawless, Peter does not mean people who disregard the law and break the law. He is figuratively describing Gentiles (that is, people who are not Jews) by association with the fact that they do not have the Jewish law. Alternate translation: “of the Gentiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
266 | ACT | 2 | 23 | a197 | προσπήξαντες | 1 | having fastened | This is a reference to the crucifixion of Jesus. Alternate translation: “having nailed him to a cross” or “by crucifying him” | |
267 | ACT | 2 | 24 | a140 | ὃν ὁ Θεὸς ἀνέστησεν | 1 | whom God raised up | It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “But God raised him up” | |
268 | ACT | 2 | 24 | ei37 | figs-idiom | ὃν ὁ Θεὸς ἀνέστησεν | 1 | whom God raised up | The idiom raised up means that God made Jesus alive again after he died. Alternate translation: “whom God brought back to life” or, as a new sentence, “But God brought him back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
269 | ACT | 2 | 24 | s8j3 | figs-metaphor | λύσας τὰς ὠδῖνας τοῦ θανάτου | 1 | having loosed the agonies of death | Peter speaks figuratively of the agonies of death as if they were ropes with which Jesus had been tied, and of God bringing Jesus back to life as if God had untied those ropes and set him free. Alternate translation: “delivering him from the agonies of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
270 | ACT | 2 | 24 | a141 | figs-possession | τὰς ὠδῖνας τοῦ θανάτου | 1 | the agonies of death | Peter uses the possessive form to describe death as something that is characterized by agonies. Alternate translation: “agonizing death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
271 | ACT | 2 | 24 | a142 | figs-explicit | καθότι οὐκ ἦν δυνατὸν κρατεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ | 1 | because it was not possible for him to be held by it | If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly why this was not possible. Alternate translation: “because God is so much stronger than death that it was not possible for him to be held by it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
272 | ACT | 2 | 24 | ykq4 | figs-activepassive | κρατεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ | 1 | for him to be held by it | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “for death to hold him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
273 | ACT | 2 | 24 | vuf4 | figs-personification | κρατεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ | 1 | for him to be held by it | Peter speaks of death figuratively as if it were a living thing that held Jesus captive. Alternate translation: “for him to remain dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
274 | ACT | 2 | 25 | dd5a | figs-quotesinquotes | Δαυεὶδ γὰρ λέγει εἰς αὐτόν, προορώμην τὸν Κύριον ἐνώπιόν μου διὰ παντός, ὅτι ἐκ δεξιῶν μού ἐστιν, ἵνα μὴ σαλευθῶ | 1 | For David says about him, ‘I saw the Lord always before me, for he is at my right so that I should not be moved | In order to avoid having a second-level quotation, you could turn Peter’s quotation from David into an indirect quotation. (Peter is quoting from Psalm 16:8–11.) Alternate translation: “For David said about him that he saw the Lord before him through all, for he was at his right so that he should not be moved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
275 | ACT | 2 | 25 | a143 | writing-pronouns | Δαυεὶδ γὰρ λέγει εἰς αὐτόν, προορώμην τὸν Κύριον ἐνώπιόν μου διὰ παντός, ὅτι ἐκ δεξιῶν μού ἐστιν, ἵνα μὴ σαλευθῶ | 1 | For David says about him, ‘I saw the Lord always before me, for he is at my right so that I should not be moved | The pronoun him refers to the Messiah, about whom David is prophesying. This means that within the quotation, the pronouns I and my are spoken by the Messiah. If you turn the direct quotation into an indirect quotation and change these pronouns to “he,” “him,” and “his,” it may be helpful to indicate the references in some cases so that your readers will recognize this. Alternate translation: “For David said about the Messiah that he saw the Lord before him through all, for the Lord was at the Messiah’s right so that he should not be moved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
276 | ACT | 2 | 25 | a144 | grammar-connect-logic-result | γὰρ | 1 | For | Peter uses the word For to introduce a reason why the crowd should believe him when he says that God brought Jesus back to life. The reason is that the Scriptures predicted this. As a result, the crowd should be confident that it did happen. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “You can be confident that God did bring Jesus back to life, because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
277 | ACT | 2 | 25 | a145 | figs-explicit | Δαυεὶδ…λέγει εἰς αὐτόν | 1 | David says about him | Peter assumes that the crowd will know that he is referring to what David says in one of the psalms that he wrote, and that David is prophesying what the Messiah would say. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “David says in one of his psalms that the Messiah will say” or “David wrote in one of his psalms that the Messiah would say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
278 | ACT | 2 | 25 | n2ls | figs-metaphor | ἐνώπιόν μου | 1 | before me | The phrase before me, which means “in front of me,” is a spatial metaphor. Alternate translation: “present with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
279 | ACT | 2 | 25 | tqak | figs-ellipsis | διὰ παντός | 1 | The phrase through all is an ellipsis for “through all times.” It means “always.” Alternate translation: “at all times” or “always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
280 | ACT | 2 | 25 | a146 | figs-nominaladj | ἐκ δεξιῶν μού | 1 | at my right | Here the adjective right is being used as a noun to indicate the right side. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could say that specifically. Alternate translation: “at my right side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
281 | ACT | 2 | 25 | l6xp | figs-metaphor | ἐκ δεξιῶν μού | 1 | at my right | In this context, to be at someone’s right side figuratively means to be in a position to help and sustain that person. Alternate translation: “there to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
282 | ACT | 2 | 25 | a147 | figs-metaphor | μὴ σαλευθῶ | 1 | I should not be moved | Here, moved means to be taken out of a safe and secure position, and so figuratively it means to be harmed. Alternate translation: “I will not be harmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
283 | ACT | 2 | 25 | s4yp | figs-activepassive | μὴ σαλευθῶ | 1 | I should not be moved | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “no one will harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
284 | ACT | 2 | 26 | a148 | figs-quotesinquotes | διὰ τοῦτο ηὐφράνθη ἡ καρδία μου, καὶ ἠγαλλιάσατο ἡ γλῶσσά μου; ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἡ σάρξ μου κατασκηνώσει ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι | 1 | Because of this, my heart was glad and my tongue exulted. And indeed, my flesh will also dwell in hope | You may have decided to turn Peter’s quotation of David into an indirect quotation in order to avoid having a second-level quotation. Alternate translation: “Because of this, his heart was glad and his tongue exulted, and indeed his flesh would also dwell in hope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
285 | ACT | 2 | 26 | z8vw | figs-metaphor | ηὐφράνθη ἡ καρδία μου | 1 | my heart was glad | Here, the heart figuratively represents the emotions. Alternate translation: “I felt glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
286 | ACT | 2 | 26 | a149 | figs-metonymy | ἠγαλλιάσατο ἡ γλῶσσά μου | 1 | my tongue exulted | Here, the tongue figuratively represents the capacity for speech. Alternate translation: “I said joyful things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
287 | ACT | 2 | 26 | zz6k | figs-metonymy | καὶ ἡ σάρξ μου κατασκηνώσει ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι | 1 | my flesh will also dwell in hope | Here, flesh figuratively means the human body by association with the way that is made of flesh. Alternate translation: “my body will also dwell in hope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
288 | ACT | 2 | 26 | a150 | figs-abstractnouns | καὶ ἡ σάρξ μου κατασκηνώσει ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι | 1 | my flesh will also dwell in hope | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word hope, you could express the same idea with an adverb such as “hopefully.” Alternate translation: “my body will also live hopefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
289 | ACT | 2 | 26 | a151 | figs-personification | καὶ ἡ σάρξ μου κατασκηνώσει ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι | 1 | my flesh will also dwell in hope | The Messiah is speaking figuratively as if his body itself would live hopefully. Alternate translation: “I will also have hope for my body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
290 | ACT | 2 | 26 | a152 | figs-explicit | καὶ ἡ σάρξ μου κατασκηνώσει ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι | 1 | my flesh will also dwell in hope | If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly what hope the Messiah had for his body. Alternate translation: “I will also have hope that God will bring my body back to life after I die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
291 | ACT | 2 | 27 | m3ij | figs-quotesinquotes | ὅτι οὐκ ἐνκαταλείψεις τὴν ψυχήν μου εἰς ᾍδην, οὐδὲ δώσεις τὸν Ὅσιόν σου ἰδεῖν διαφθοράν | 1 | For you will not abandon my soul to Hades, nor will you allow your Holy One to see decay | You may have decided to turn Peter’s quotation from David into an indirect quotation in order to avoid having a second-level quotation. If so, it may be necessary to add some introductory material here. Alternate translation: “The Messiah knew that God would not abandon his soul to Hades and that God would not allow his Holy One to see decay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
292 | ACT | 2 | 27 | a153 | figs-parallelism | οὐκ ἐνκαταλείψεις τὴν ψυχήν μου εἰς ᾍδην, οὐδὲ δώσεις τὸν Ὅσιόν σου ἰδεῖν διαφθοράν | 1 | you will not abandon my soul to Hades, nor will you allow your Holy One to see decay | These two statements mean similar things. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it may be helpful to show that to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if the repetition might be confusing, you could connect the phrases with a word other than nor in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “you will not abandon my soul to Hades, no, you will not allow your Holy One to see decay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
293 | ACT | 2 | 27 | whi3 | figs-youformal | οὐκ ἐνκαταλείψεις…οὐδὲ δώσεις…σου | 1 | you will not abandon … nor will you allow your | The words you and your are singular, and they refer to God. See what you decided to do in your translation in 1:24 in a similar case where God is addressed as “you.” You may have decided in such cases to use a formal form of “you” that your language may have, or you may have decided to use an informal form of “you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youformal]]) |
294 | ACT | 2 | 27 | a154 | figs-synecdoche | οὐκ ἐνκαταλείψεις τὴν ψυχήν μου εἰς ᾍδην | 1 | you will not abandon my soul to Hades | The Messiah says my soul figuratively to mean himself, using one part of his being to represent his whole being. Alternate translation: “you will not abandon me to Hades” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
295 | ACT | 2 | 27 | a155 | translate-names | οὐκ ἐνκαταλείψεις τὴν ψυχήν μου εἰς ᾍδην | 1 | you will not abandon my soul to Hades | Hades is the name for the realm of the dead. If your readers would not be familiar with that name, you could express its meaning in your translation. Alternate translation: “you will not abandon me to the realm of the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
296 | ACT | 2 | 27 | a156 | figs-explicit | τὸν Ὅσιόν σου | 1 | your Holy One | The expression Holy One is a title for the Messiah. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “your Messiah” or “your holy Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
297 | ACT | 2 | 27 | rld3 | figs-123person | τὸν Ὅσιόν σου | 1 | your Holy One | The Messiah is referring to himself in the third person. If that would be confusing to your readers, you can use the first person in your translation. Alternate translation: “me, your Holy One” or “me, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
298 | ACT | 2 | 27 | a157 | figs-idiom | ἰδεῖν διαφθοράν | 1 | to see decay | Here the word see is being used idiomatically to mean “experience.” Alternate translation: “to experience decay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
299 | ACT | 2 | 27 | l5cd | figs-explicit | ἰδεῖν διαφθοράν | 1 | to see decay | The term decay refers in this context to the decomposition of the body after death. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “to experience the decomposition of his body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
300 | ACT | 2 | 28 | a158 | figs-quotesinquotes | ἐγνώρισάς μοι ὁδοὺς ζωῆς; πληρώσεις με εὐφροσύνης μετὰ τοῦ προσώπου σου | 1 | You made known to me the paths of life; you will fill me with gladness with your face | You may have decided to turn Peter’s quotation of David into an indirect quotation in order to avoid having a second-level quotation. If so, it may be helpful to add some introductory material here. Alternate translation: “The Messiah said that God had made known to him the paths of life and that God would fill him with gladness with his face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
301 | ACT | 2 | 28 | a159 | figs-youformal | ἐγνώρισάς…πληρώσεις…σου | 1 | You made known … you will fill … your | The words you and your are singular and they refer to God. See what you decided to do in the similar case in 1:24. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youformal]]) |
302 | ACT | 2 | 28 | xhi3 | figs-metaphor | ἐγνώρισάς μοι ὁδοὺς ζωῆς | 1 | You made known to me the paths of life | The Messiah speaks figuratively of life as if it consisted of paths that a person walked along. Those represent the various pursuits and adventures that people have in life. The word known refers to experiential knowledge. Alternate translation: “You enabled me to experience the adventures of life once again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
303 | ACT | 2 | 28 | ej5m | figs-metaphor | πληρώσεις με εὐφροσύνης | 1 | you will fill me with gladness | The Messiah speaks figuratively as if he were a container that God could fill with gladness. Alternate translation: “you will give me great gladness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
304 | ACT | 2 | 28 | y7gf | figs-metaphor | μετὰ τοῦ προσώπου σου | 1 | with your face | Here, the word face figuratively represents the presence of a person. Alternate translation: “by your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
305 | ACT | 2 | 28 | a161 | figs-quotemarks | μετὰ τοῦ προσώπου σου | 1 | with your face | This is the end of Peter’s quotation of David. If you chose to mark David’s words as a second-level quotation, in your translation you can indicate this ending with a closing second-level quotation mark or whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]]) |
306 | ACT | 2 | 29 | pv1x | figs-idiom | ἄνδρες, ἀδελφοί | 1 | Men, brothers | This is an idiomatic form of address. Alternate translation: “My brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
307 | ACT | 2 | 29 | ps7c | figs-metaphor | ἄνδρες, ἀδελφοί | 1 | Men, brothers | See how you translated the term brothers in 1:15. Alternate translation: “My fellow believers” or “My brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
308 | ACT | 2 | 29 | wh97 | figs-metaphor | τοῦ πατριάρχου Δαυεὶδ | 1 | the patriarch David | A patriarch is literally the ancestor of a group of people. David was not the ancestor of all the Jews to whom Peter is speaking. So he is likely using the term figuratively to identify David as the king who established the Israelite kingdom as a lasting dynasty. Alternate translation: “David, the founder of our kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
309 | ACT | 2 | 29 | vtc6 | figs-activepassive | ἐτάφη | 1 | he was buried | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “people buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
310 | ACT | 2 | 29 | a162 | figs-idiom | ἄχρι τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης | 1 | to this day | Peter is using the word day idiomatically to mean a specific time. Alternate translation: “at this time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
311 | ACT | 2 | 30 | a163 | grammar-connect-logic-result | οὖν | 1 | Therefore | Peter uses the word Therefore to introduce the logical result of what he has just said. Alternate translation: “We can therefore conclude that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
312 | ACT | 2 | 30 | a164 | figs-explicit | προφήτης…ὑπάρχων, καὶ εἰδὼς | 1 | being a prophet and having known | Peter is still speaking about David. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “because David was a prophet and he knew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
313 | ACT | 2 | 30 | x11q | figs-metonymy | ἐκ καρποῦ τῆς ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ, καθίσαι ἐπὶ τὸν θρόνον αὐτοῦ | 1 | to set from the fruit of his loins upon his throne | Peter is using the word loins figuratively to represent David himself by association with the way the reproductive organs are in the loins. He is using the word fruit in a broad sense to mean what someone or something produces, in this case a descendant. Alternate translation: “to set one of his descendants upon his throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
314 | ACT | 2 | 30 | hq71 | figs-synecdoche | ἐκ καρποῦ τῆς ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ, καθίσαι ἐπὶ τὸν θρόνον αὐτοῦ | 1 | to set from the fruit of his loins upon his throne | When Peter says that God promised to set one of David’s descendants upon his throne, he is using that one action figuratively to represent God’s promise to David that this descendant would succeed him as king. Alternate translation: “to make one of his descendants succeed him as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
315 | ACT | 2 | 31 | a165 | writing-pronouns | ἐλάλησεν…ἐνκατελείφθη…αὐτοῦ | 1 | he spoke … was he abandoned … his | The first instance of he refers to David, and the second instance of he and the pronoun his refer to Christ. Alternate translation: “David spoke … was Christ abandoned … Christ’s” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
316 | ACT | 2 | 31 | a166 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐλάλησεν περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως τοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | he spoke about the resurrection of the Christ | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word resurrection, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “alive.” Alternate translation: “he described how God would make Christ alive again after he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
317 | ACT | 2 | 31 | tn4b | figs-activepassive | οὔτε ἐνκατελείφθη εἰς ᾍδην | 1 | neither was he abandoned to Hades | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “neither did God abandon him to Hades” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
318 | ACT | 2 | 31 | a167 | figs-explicit | τοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | the Christ | Christ is the Greek word for “Messiah.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use the term “Messiah” in your translation, as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
319 | ACT | 2 | 31 | a168 | translate-names | ᾍδην | 1 | Hades | See how you translated the term Hades in 2:27. Alternate translation: “the realm of the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
320 | ACT | 2 | 31 | a169 | figs-idiom | οὔτε ἡ σὰρξ αὐτοῦ εἶδεν διαφθοράν | 1 | nor did his flesh see decay | Here the word see is being used idiomatically to mean “experience.” Alternate translation: “nor did his flesh experience decay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
321 | ACT | 2 | 31 | a170 | figs-metonymy | οὔτε ἡ σὰρξ αὐτοῦ εἶδεν διαφθοράν | 1 | nor did his flesh see decay | Peter is using the word flesh figuratively to mean the body of Jesus by association with the way the body is made of flesh. Alternate translation: “nor did his body experience decay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
322 | ACT | 2 | 31 | up5x | figs-explicit | οὔτε ἡ σὰρξ αὐτοῦ εἶδεν διαφθοράν | 1 | nor did his flesh see decay | The term decay refers in this context to the decomposition of the body after death. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “nor did his body experience decomposition” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
323 | ACT | 2 | 32 | udn1 | figs-idiom | ἀνέστησεν ὁ Θεός | 1 | God has raised up | As in 2:24, the idiom raised up means that God made Jesus alive again after he died. Alternate translation: “God has brought back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
324 | ACT | 2 | 32 | kw6a | figs-exclusive | ἡμεῖς | 1 | we | By we, Peter means himself and the other apostles, so use the exclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
325 | ACT | 2 | 33 | a171 | grammar-connect-logic-result | οὖν | 1 | Therefore | Peter is using the word Therefore to introduce a result. But it is not the immediate result of what he has just said. He is not saying that Jesus has done what the people see and hear because God raised him from the dead. Instead, this is an overall conclusion. Peter is saying that Jesus sending the Holy Spirit is the reason why the disciples are able to speak in other languages. The crowd should not conclude that they are babbling drunkenly, as some of them have suggested. UST models a way of expressing this sense of the word Therefore. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
326 | ACT | 2 | 33 | kij2 | figs-activepassive | τῇ δεξιᾷ οὖν τοῦ Θεοῦ ὑψωθεὶς | 1 | having been exalted to the right of God | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “now that God has exalted Jesus to his right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
327 | ACT | 2 | 33 | c9mr | figs-nominaladj | τῇ δεξιᾷ…τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | to the right of God | Peter is using the adjective right as a noun in order to indicate the right side. See how you translated the similar expression in 2:25. Alternate translation: “to the right side of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
328 | ACT | 2 | 33 | a172 | figs-explicit | τῇ δεξιᾷ…τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | to the right of God | In this culture, the place at the right side of a ruler was a position of honor. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “to a place of honor next to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
329 | ACT | 2 | 33 | a173 | figs-possession | τήν τε ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ Πνεύματος τοῦ Ἁγίου | 1 | the promise of the Holy Spirit from the Father | Peter is using the possessive form to describe the Holy Spirit as someone whom God the Father promised to send. Alternate translation: “the promised Holy Spirit from the Father” or “the Holy Spirit whom the Father promised to send” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
330 | ACT | 2 | 33 | a174 | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | τοῦ Πατρὸς | 1 | the Father | Father is an important title for God. Alternate translation: “God the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
331 | ACT | 2 | 33 | c1dr | writing-pronouns | ἐξέχεεν | 1 | he has poured out | The pronoun he refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “Jesus has poured out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
332 | ACT | 2 | 33 | wsg9 | figs-metaphor | ἐξέχεεν | 1 | he has poured out | Peter says figuratively that Jesus has poured out the things that the people are seeing and hearing as if those things were a liquid. Peter means that Jesus has given these things generously and abundantly. See how you translated the similar statement in 2:17, to which Peter is likely alluding here. Alternate translation: “he has generously given” or “he has abundantly given” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
333 | ACT | 2 | 34 | m7fy | figs-quotesinquotes | λέγει…αὐτός, εἶπεν Κύριος τῷ Κυρίῳ μου, κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου | 1 | he himself says, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at my right | The material in 2:34–35 contains a quotation within a quotation within a quotation. Luke is quoting Peter, Peter is quoting another psalm by David (Psalm 110:1), and David is quoting God. You could avoid having second-level and third-level quotations by translating this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “he himself says that the Lord told his Lord to sit at his right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
334 | ACT | 2 | 34 | i8wu | figs-explicit | εἶπεν Κύριος τῷ Κυρίῳ μου | 1 | The Lord said to my Lord | The Lord means God here, and my Lord means the Messiah. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “God said to the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
335 | ACT | 2 | 34 | a175 | figs-nominaladj | ἐκ δεξιῶν μου | 1 | at my right | Here the adjective right is used as a noun in order to indicate the right side. See how you translated the similar expression in 2:25. Alternate translation: “at my right side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
336 | ACT | 2 | 34 | kvn8 | figs-explicit | ἐκ δεξιῶν μου | 1 | at my right | In this culture, the place at the right side of a ruler was a position of honor. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “in a place of honor next to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
337 | ACT | 2 | 35 | nf1x | figs-metaphor | ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου | 1 | until I make your enemies a stool for your feet | The psalm says figuratively that God would make the Messiah’s enemies a stool for his feet to mean that God would conquer those enemies and make them submit to the Messiah. Alternate translation: “until I conquer your enemies for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
338 | ACT | 2 | 35 | a176 | figs-quotemarks | τῶν ποδῶν σου | 1 | for your feet | This is the end of David’s quotation of the Lord and of Peter’s quotation of David. If you chose to mark these in your translation as a third-level and a second-level quotation, indicate that ending here with the appropriate closing quotation marks or the comparable punctuation or convention in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]]) |
339 | ACT | 2 | 36 | a177 | grammar-connect-logic-result | οὖν | 1 | Therefore | Peter is using the word Therefore to introduce the result of what he has just said. Alternate translation: “Since David was not talking about himself, but about the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
340 | ACT | 2 | 36 | pnp5 | figs-metaphor | πᾶς οἶκος Ἰσραὴλ | 1 | all the house of Israel | Here, house means all the people descended from a particular person. It envisions them as if they were one household living together. So the house of Israel figuratively means all the people descended from the patriarch Jacob, who was also known as Israel. Alternate translation: “the entire nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
341 | ACT | 2 | 37 | s85q | figs-activepassive | ἀκούσαντες…κατενύγησαν τὴν καρδίαν | 1 | hearing this, they were pierced in the heart | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “what they heard Peter say pierced their heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
342 | ACT | 2 | 37 | xan1 | writing-pronouns | κατενύγησαν τὴν καρδίαν | 1 | they were pierced in the heart | Here the word they refers to the people in the crowd to whom Peter spoke. Alternate translation: “the people in the crowd were pierced in the heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
343 | ACT | 2 | 37 | w1ma | κατενύγησαν τὴν καρδίαν | 1 | they were pierced in the heart | Since Luke is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of heart. Alternate translation: “the people in the crowd were pierced in their hearts” | |
344 | ACT | 2 | 37 | l15x | figs-metaphor | κατενύγησαν τὴν καρδίαν | 1 | they were pierced in the heart | Luke is speaking figuratively. The people were not literally pierced in the heart by anything. He means that the people felt guilty and became very sad. Alternate translation: “they felt guilty and became very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
345 | ACT | 2 | 37 | zls6 | figs-idiom | ἄνδρες, ἀδελφοί | 1 | Men, brothers | This is an idiomatic form of address. Alternate translation: “Our brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
346 | ACT | 2 | 37 | a178 | figs-metaphor | ἄνδρες, ἀδελφοί | 1 | Men, brothers | See how you translated the term brothers in 1:15. Alternate translation: “Our fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
347 | ACT | 2 | 37 | a179 | figs-exclusive | τί ποιήσωμεν | 1 | what should we do | The people in the crowd are asking about themselves but not the apostles, so use the exclusive form of we in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
348 | ACT | 2 | 38 | a180 | figs-you | μετανοήσατε…βαπτισθήτω ἕκαστος ὑμῶν…τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ὑμῶν…λήμψεσθε | 1 | Repent … each of you be baptized … of your sins … you will receive | The words you and your are plural, you will receive is a plural verb form, and the implied “you” in the imperative Repent is also plural. But the implied “you” in the imperative be baptized is singular, since the subject is each. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
349 | ACT | 2 | 38 | cmb7 | figs-activepassive | βαπτισθήτω | 1 | be baptized | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “allow us to baptize you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
350 | ACT | 2 | 38 | geb2 | figs-idiom | ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | in the name of Jesus Christ | Peter has just finished demonstrating that God sent Jesus as the Christ or Messiah 2:36. He is saying here that people should acknowledge that as the basis of their baptism for the forgiveness of their sins. So in the name here is an idiomatic way of saying “on the basis of naming.” Alternate translation: “on the basis of naming Jesus as the Christ” or “upon acknowledging that Jesus is the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
351 | ACT | 2 | 38 | a181 | figs-abstractnouns | εἰς ἄφεσιν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ὑμῶν | 1 | for the forgiveness of your sins | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word forgiveness, you could express the same idea with a verb such as “forgive.” Alternate translation: “to show that you want God to forgive your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
352 | ACT | 2 | 39 | a182 | figs-metonymy | ἐστιν ἡ ἐπαγγελία | 1 | the promise is | Peter is speaking figuratively of the Holy Spirit by association with the way God promised to send the Holy Spirit, as Peter says specifically in 2:33. Alternate translation: “God has promised the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
353 | ACT | 2 | 39 | a183 | figs-explicit | ὑμῖν…καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις ὑμῶν | 1 | to you and to your children | Peter showed the people in 2:17 that God’s promise through Joel to pour out his Spirit included their “sons” and “daughters.” So the implication could be that the people in the crowd should not think that any of them have to reach a certain age before professing faith in Jesus and being baptized. Alternate translation: “to all of you, no matter what your age,” or see the next note for a further possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
354 | ACT | 2 | 39 | a184 | figs-metaphor | ὑμῖν…καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις ὑμῶν | 1 | to you and to your children | Peter could also be using the word children in a figurative sense to mean “descendants.” In that case, he would be saying that faith in Jesus as the Messiah was not something just for the people living at this time, but also for people living at all times in the future. That would parallel what he says next about faith in Jesus not being just for those who are present in this place, but for people living in all places. Alternate translation: “to you and your descendants” or “to you and everyone who will live after you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
355 | ACT | 2 | 39 | v8vi | figs-explicit | πᾶσι τοῖς εἰς μακρὰν | 1 | to all who are at a distance | Since Peter is speaking to Jews as a fellow Jew, this is likely an implicit reference to the Jews who were living in other parts of the Roman Empire. However, this statement took on greater meaning when the church realized that “God has also given repentance unto life to the Gentiles,” as its leaders say in 11:18. So you could either express the likely initial meaning here in your translation, or you could leave the statement more general. Alternate translation: “to the Jews living in faraway parts of the empire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
356 | ACT | 2 | 39 | a185 | figs-exclusive | Κύριος, ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν | 1 | the Lord our God | By the Lord our God, Peter means the God of the Jews. He is speaking of himself and his fellow apostles and of the people in the crowd, so use the inclusive form of the word our in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
357 | ACT | 2 | 39 | a186 | figs-idiom | ἂν προσκαλέσηται | 1 | may call | Peter is using the word call in an idiomatic sense here. Alternate translation: “may bring to salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
358 | ACT | 2 | 40 | a187 | figs-metonymy | ἑτέροις…λόγοις πλείοσιν | 1 | with many other words | Luke is using the term words figuratively to mean things that Peter said by using words. Alternate translation: “by saying many other things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
359 | ACT | 2 | 40 | v6ip | figs-hendiadys | διεμαρτύρατο, καὶ παρεκάλει αὐτοὺς | 1 | he testified and urged them | Here Luke is expressing a single idea by using two words connected with and. The word urged tells in what way Peter testified further about faith in Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this same idea with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “he testified urgently to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
360 | ACT | 2 | 40 | a188 | figs-activepassive | σώθητε | 1 | Be saved | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “Let God save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
361 | ACT | 2 | 40 | wtd5 | figs-explicit | ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς τῆς σκολιᾶς ταύτης | 1 | from this perverse generation | The implication is that God is going to punish this perverse generation. Alternate translation: “from the punishment that this perverse generation will suffer if it does not repent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
362 | ACT | 2 | 40 | a189 | figs-explicit | τῆς γενεᾶς τῆς σκολιᾶς ταύτης | 1 | this perverse generation | The word perverse describes things or actions that do not conform to what is right and expected. Peter may be referring implicitly to how the people of this generation rejected and killed Jesus. Alternate translation: “this wicked generation that rejected and killed Jesus” or “the wicked people of this time who rejected and killed Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
363 | ACT | 2 | 41 | k1kj | writing-endofstory | οὖν | 1 | Therefore | Luke uses the word Therefore to introduce information about what happened after the story of Pentecost as a result of the events within the story itself. Your language may have its own way of indicating how such information relates to a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) |
364 | ACT | 2 | 41 | r9qz | figs-idiom | ἀποδεξάμενοι τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ | 1 | having received his word | Here, received means that the people in the crowd accepted that what Peter said was true. Alternate translation: “because they believed his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
365 | ACT | 2 | 41 | a190 | figs-metonymy | τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ | 1 | his word | Luke is using the term word figuratively to mean what Peter said by using words. Alternate translation: “what Peter said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
366 | ACT | 2 | 41 | kz64 | figs-activepassive | οἱ…ἐβαπτίσθησαν | 1 | they were baptized | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. The apostles themselves may have baptized all these people, but because so many people repented and wanted to be baptized, it is possible that some of the other believers may have baptized some of them. Alternate translation: “the apostles baptized them” or “the believers baptized them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
367 | ACT | 2 | 41 | sv5j | figs-synecdoche | ψυχαὶ | 1 | souls | Luke is using one part of these people, their souls, to mean the people themselves. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
368 | ACT | 2 | 41 | a47f | figs-activepassive | προσετέθησαν | 1 | were added | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “became part of the church” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
369 | ACT | 2 | 42 | a191 | figs-abstractnouns | ἦσαν…προσκαρτεροῦντες τῇ διδαχῇ τῶν ἀποστόλων, καὶ τῇ κοινωνίᾳ, τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου, καὶ ταῖς προσευχαῖς | 1 | they were continuing in the teaching of the apostles and in fellowship, in the breaking of bread and in prayers | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words teaching and fellowship, you could express the same ideas with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “they continued to learn from what the apostles taught and to share life with one another, and to break bread together and to pray together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
370 | ACT | 2 | 42 | gc59 | figs-synecdoche | τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου | 1 | in the breaking of bread | Luke could be using the word breaking to mean “eating,” and he could be using the word bread to mean “food.” In each case he would be figuratively using one part of something to mean the whole thing. Breaking bread is one thing people do when they eat it, and bread is one kind of food. So this could be a reference to the believers sharing meals together. Alternate translation: “in sharing meals” or see the next note for a further possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
371 | ACT | 2 | 42 | a192 | figs-explicit | τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου | 1 | in the breaking of bread | By the breaking of bread, Luke could also mean remembering the death of Jesus in the way that Jesus commanded, by literally breaking a loaf of bread and sharing it and also sharing a cup of wine. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “in observing the Lord’s Supper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
372 | ACT | 2 | 43 | a193 | figs-personification | ἐγίνετο…πάσῃ ψυχῇ φόβος | 1 | fear was coming on every soul | Here the word fear describes a deep respect for God. Luke describes this fear figuratively as if it were a living thing that could come onto people. Alternate translation: “every soul began to feel a deep respect for God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
373 | ACT | 2 | 43 | gi9v | figs-synecdoche | ἐγίνετο…πάσῃ ψυχῇ φόβος | 1 | fear was coming on every soul | Luke is using one part of a person, the soul, to mean the entire person. Alternate translation: “every person began to feel a deep respect for God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
374 | ACT | 2 | 43 | a194 | figs-hyperbole | ἐγίνετο…πάσῃ ψυχῇ φόβος | 1 | fear was coming on every soul | Luke says every as a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “very many people began to feel a deep respect for God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
375 | ACT | 2 | 43 | ys3y | figs-explicit | πολλά…τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα διὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων ἐγίνετο | 1 | many wonders and signs were happening through the apostles | Since Luke says that these things happened through the apostles, the implication is that God was doing them. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could make God the subject of this sentence and wonders and signs the object. Alternate translation: “God performed many wonders and signs through the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
376 | ACT | 2 | 43 | q6dm | figs-doublet | πολλά…τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα | 1 | many wonders and signs | The terms wonders and signs mean similar things. Luke is using them together for emphasis. See how you translated the similar expression in 2:22. Alternate translation: “many great miracles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
377 | ACT | 2 | 44 | u8qk | ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ | 1 | to the same | See the discussion of this phrase in Part 3 of the Introduction to Acts. Alternate translation: “in the same place” or “united in Christian fellowship” | |
378 | ACT | 2 | 44 | jy2w | figs-hyperbole | εἶχον ἅπαντα κοινά | 1 | had all things in common | Luke may be saying all as a generalization to emphasize the powerful spirit of generosity among the believers. The next verse explains more specifically how the believers showed this generosity, and you could give some indication of that here. Alternate translation: “shared their belongings with one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
379 | ACT | 2 | 45 | h8tn | figs-doublet | τὰ κτήματα καὶ τὰς ὑπάρξεις ἐπίπρασκον | 1 | they were selling their properties and their possessions | The words properties and possessions mean similar things. Luke may be using these words together for emphasis. As the General Notes to this chapter suggest, it may be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “They were selling many valuable things that they owned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
380 | ACT | 2 | 45 | f74s | writing-pronouns | καὶ διεμέριζον αὐτὰ | 1 | they were distributing them | Here the pronoun they refers to believers who sold things they owned, and the pronoun them refers to the money they received from these sales. Alternate translation: “the believers who sold these things were distributing the money that they received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
381 | ACT | 2 | 45 | n9hi | πᾶσιν, καθότι ἄν τις χρείαν εἶχεν | 1 | to all, as anyone might have need | Alternate translation: “to everyone who needed help” | |
382 | ACT | 2 | 46 | in43 | καθ’ ἡμέραν τε προσκαρτεροῦντες ὁμοθυμαδὸν | 1 | and, continuing unanimously | The word unanimously indicates that the apostles and other believers shared a common commitment and purpose and that there was no strife among them. See how you translated the same expression in 1:14. As the General Notes to this chapter suggest, it may be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Continuing to meet with one accord” or “Continuing to meet harmoniously” | |
383 | ACT | 2 | 46 | a427 | figs-explicit | ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ | 1 | in the temple | Only priests were allowed inside the temple building, so here the temple means the courtyard around the temple. Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
384 | ACT | 2 | 46 | q1ge | figs-synecdoche | κλῶντές…κατ’ οἶκον ἄρτον | 1 | breaking bread in each house | See how you translated the similar expression in 2:42. There were two possible meanings there, but here breaking bread seems to mean specifically sharing meals. Alternate translation: “having meals together in their homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
385 | ACT | 2 | 46 | i2yk | figs-metaphor | ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει καὶ ἀφελότητι καρδίας | 1 | with exultation and sincerity of heart | Here, the heart figuratively represents the emotions. Alternate translation: “with feelings of exultation and sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
386 | ACT | 2 | 46 | a195 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει καὶ ἀφελότητι καρδίας | 1 | with exultation and sincerity of heart | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words exultation and sincerity, you could express the same ideas with adverbs that would indicate feelings. Alternate translation: “joyfully and sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
387 | ACT | 2 | 47 | z6ig | figs-hyperbole | αἰνοῦντες τὸν Θεὸν καὶ ἔχοντες χάριν πρὸς ὅλον τὸν λαόν | 1 | praising God and having favor with the whole people | Luke says the whole people as a generalization to emphasize how widely the people favored the believers. As the General Notes to this chapter suggest, it may be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “They praised God and enjoyed wide favor with the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
388 | ACT | 2 | 47 | kc42 | figs-activepassive | τοὺς σῳζομένους | 1 | those who were being saved | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “those whom he was saving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
389 | ACT | 2 | 47 | a196 | ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό | 1 | to the same | See the discussion of this phrase in Part 3 of the Introduction to Acts. Alternate translation: “to their Christian fellowship” | |
390 | ACT | 3 | intro | hpd9 | 0 | Acts 3 General NotesSpecial concepts in this chapterThe covenant God made with AbrahamThis chapter explains that Jesus came to the Jews in fulfillment of the covenant that God made with Abraham. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter“Servant”Twice in this chapter Peter uses the word “Servant” as a title to mean “Messiah” (3:13, 3:26). He and other believers use the word in the same sense twice in chapter 4 as well (4:27, 4:30). The word takes on this meaning by allusion to the book of Isaiah, where Isaiah uses it to mean the person whom God has chosen for the special purpose of bringing salvation. In your translation, indicate in some way that “Servant” is a Messianic title. Jesus was not a servant of God in the more ordinary sense, in which the believers apply it to themselves in 4:29, for example. Jesus was fully the Son of God, sent to earth on a special mission. If you would not be able to make this clear by using the word “Servant,” you may wish to use the word “Messiah” instead. “You killed” (3:15)For the same reasons as when he was speaking on the day of Pentecost (2:23), Peter tells people in this chapter that they were guilty of killing Jesus. But he also tells them that they are the first ones to whom God has sent Jesus’ followers to invite them to repent (3:26). For further information and suggestions for how to make clear in your translation what Peter means, see the discussion of this phrase in the General Notes to chapter 2 and the notes to this phrase in 2:23 and 3:15. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) Important textual issues in this chapter“the Lord our God” (3:22)In 3:22, some ancient manuscripts read “the Lord our God.” ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “the Lord your God,” and still other ancient manuscripts read simply “the Lord God.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it has. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of ULT. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) | |||
391 | ACT | 3 | 1 | b5rm | grammar-connect-time-background | δὲ | 1 | Now | Luke uses the word Now to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. You can translate it with a word or phrase that serves the same purpose in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) |
392 | ACT | 3 | 1 | br7i | figs-explicit | εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν | 1 | to the temple | Only priests were allowed inside the temple building, so the temple means the courtyard around the temple. Alternate translation: “to the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
393 | ACT | 3 | 1 | a198 | τὴν ἐνάτην | 1 | the ninth hour | In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this time in the way the people of your culture reckon time. Alternate translation: “three o’clock in the afternoon” | |
394 | ACT | 3 | 1 | a199 | translate-ordinal | τὴν ἐνάτην | 1 | the ninth hour | If you decide to translate this in the way that the biblical culture reckoned time but your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here. Alternate translation: “hour nine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) |
395 | ACT | 3 | 2 | f227 | figs-activepassive | καί τις ἀνὴρ, χωλὸς ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ ὑπάρχων, ἐβαστάζετο, ὃν ἐτίθουν καθ’ ἡμέραν πρὸς τὴν θύραν τοῦ ἱεροῦ | 1 | And a certain man, being lame from the womb of his mother, was being carried, whom each day they placed at the gate of the temple | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an active verbal form instead of the passive form was being carried. Alternate translation: “And there was a certain man who had been lame since birth whom people would carry to the temple every day and place at the gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
396 | ACT | 3 | 2 | u6nu | writing-background | καί τις ἀνὴρ | 1 | And a certain man | In this verse, Luke provides background information about this man to help readers understand what happens next in the story. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
397 | ACT | 3 | 2 | j68t | figs-metonymy | ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ | 1 | from the womb of his mother | Luke is figuratively describing the time of the lame man’s birth by association with the way he came from the womb of his mother when he was born. Alternate translation: “since birth” or “since he was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
398 | ACT | 3 | 2 | a200 | figs-activepassive | τὴν λεγομένην | 1 | that is called | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “that people call” or “whose name is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
399 | ACT | 3 | 2 | a201 | translate-names | Ὡραίαν | 1 | Beautiful | Beautiful is the name of one of the gates of the Jerusalem temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
400 | ACT | 3 | 2 | a202 | figs-explicit | εἰς τὸ ἱερόν | 1 | into the temple | Only priests were allowed inside the temple building, so the temple means the courtyard around the temple. Alternate translation: “into the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
401 | ACT | 3 | 3 | a203 | figs-explicit | ἠρώτα ἐλεημοσύνην λαβεῖν | 1 | asked to receive alms | The man specifically asked Peter and John to give him alms (that is, a charitable gift). Alternate translation: “asked to receive alms from them” or “asked them to give him alms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
402 | ACT | 3 | 4 | xq4u | ἀτενίσας…Πέτρος εἰς αὐτὸν σὺν τῷ Ἰωάννῃ εἶπεν | 1 | Peter, looking intently at him with John, said | This means that both Peter and John looked at the man. It does not mean that Peter looked at the man and at John, and it does not mean that both Peter and John spoke to the man. Alternate translation: “Peter and John looked intently at him, and Peter said” | |
403 | ACT | 3 | 4 | e3c6 | figs-exclusive | βλέψον εἰς ἡμᾶς | 1 | Look at us | Peter is asking the man to look at him and John, not to look at himself as well, so use the exclusive form of us in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
404 | ACT | 3 | 6 | x6bm | figs-metonymy | ἀργύριον καὶ χρυσίον | 1 | silver and gold | Peter is referring figuratively to money by association with the way that silver and gold were used for money at this time. Alternate translation: “money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
405 | ACT | 3 | 6 | zi9t | figs-explicit | ὃ δὲ ἔχω, τοῦτό σοι δίδωμι | 1 | but what I have, this I give to you | What happens next in the story shows that by what I have, Peter implicitly means the authority that Jesus has given him to heal. Alternate translation: “but Jesus has given me the authority to heal, and I will use it on your behalf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
406 | ACT | 3 | 6 | t2vf | figs-metonymy | ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Ναζωραίου | 1 | In the name of Jesus Christ the Nazarene | Here the name of Jesus figuratively represents his authority. Alternate translation: “By the authority of Jesus Christ the Nazarene, I command you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
407 | ACT | 3 | 6 | a204 | translate-names | Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Ναζωραίου | 1 | of Jesus Christ the Nazarene | The word Nazarene describes someone who comes from the city of Nazareth. See how you translated it in 2:23. Alternate translation: “of Jesus Christ of Nazareth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
408 | ACT | 3 | 6 | a205 | figs-imperative | περιπάτει | 1 | walk | This was not a command that the man was capable of obeying. Instead, it was a command that directly caused the man to be healed. Alternate translation: “I give you the ability to walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) |
409 | ACT | 3 | 7 | ec6j | writing-pronouns | πιάσας αὐτὸν τῆς δεξιᾶς χειρὸς, ἤγειρεν αὐτόν; παραχρῆμα δὲ ἐστερεώθησαν αἱ βάσεις αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ σφυδρά | 1 | seizing him by the right hand, he raised him up, and immediately his feet and ankles were made strong | In this verse, the pronoun he refers to Peter, while the pronouns him and his refer to the lame man. You could indicate that specifically in at least some of the cases if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “seizing the man by the right hand, Peter raised him up, and immediately the man’s feet and ankles were made strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
410 | ACT | 3 | 7 | a206 | figs-activepassive | ἐστερεώθησαν αἱ βάσεις αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ σφυδρά | 1 | his feet and ankles were made strong | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “his feet and ankles became strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
411 | ACT | 3 | 8 | a207 | grammar-connect-logic-result | καὶ | 1 | And | Luke is using the word translated And to indicate that the events in this verse happened as a result of the events in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
412 | ACT | 3 | 8 | abc1 | writing-pronouns | ἔστη καὶ περιεπάτει, καὶ εἰσῆλθεν σὺν αὐτοῖς | 1 | he stood and began to walk, and he entered with them | The pronoun he refers to the man who had been lame, and the pronoun them refers to Peter and John. You could indicate that specifically if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the man stood and began to walk, and the man entered with Peter and John” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
413 | ACT | 3 | 8 | zp7x | figs-explicit | εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν | 1 | into the temple | Only priests were allowed inside the temple building, so the temple means the courtyard around the temple. Alternate translation: “into the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
414 | ACT | 3 | 9 | a208 | figs-hyperbole | πᾶς ὁ λαὸς | 1 | all the people | The word all is a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the crowd that was in the courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
415 | ACT | 3 | 10 | zy7h | ἐπεγίνωσκον…αὐτὸν, ὅτι αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ…καθήμενος | 1 | they recognized him, that he was the one sitting | Alternate translation: “they realized that he was the man who had been sitting” | |
416 | ACT | 3 | 10 | p2zh | translate-names | τῇ Ὡραίᾳ Πύλῃ | 1 | the Beautiful Gate | This was the name of one of the entrances to the temple area. See how you translated the similar expression in 3:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
417 | ACT | 3 | 10 | a209 | figs-activepassive | ἐπλήσθησαν θάμβους καὶ ἐκστάσεως ἐπὶ τῷ συμβεβηκότι αὐτῷ | 1 | they were filled with wonder and amazement at what had happened to him | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “what had happened to him filled them with wonder and amazement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
418 | ACT | 3 | 10 | j6zf | figs-doublet | ἐπλήσθησαν θάμβους καὶ ἐκστάσεως ἐπὶ τῷ συμβεβηκότι αὐτῷ | 1 | they were filled with wonder and amazement at what had happened to him | The words wonder and amazement mean similar things. Luke is using them together for emphasis. You can combine the words in your translation if that might be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “what had happened to him filled them with complete amazement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
419 | ACT | 3 | 10 | a210 | figs-metaphor | ἐπλήσθησαν θάμβους καὶ ἐκστάσεως ἐπὶ τῷ συμβεβηκότι αὐτῷ | 1 | they were filled with wonder and amazement at what had happened to him | Luke is speaking figuratively as if the people were containers that these responses could fill. Alternate translation: “what had happened to him made them completely amazed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
420 | ACT | 3 | 10 | a211 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐπλήσθησαν θάμβους καὶ ἐκστάσεως ἐπὶ τῷ συμβεβηκότι αὐτῷ | 1 | they were filled with wonder and amazement at what had happened to him | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word wonder and amazement, you could express the same idea with verbs. Alternate translation: “they wondered and marveled greatly at what had happened to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
421 | ACT | 3 | 11 | a212 | figs-hyperbole | πᾶς ὁ λαὸς | 1 | all the people | The word all is a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the crowd that was there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
422 | ACT | 3 | 11 | rk1m | translate-names | τῇ στοᾷ τῇ καλουμένῃ Σολομῶντος | 1 | the porch that is called Solomon’s | This is the name of a covered walkway in the Jerusalem temple courtyard. It consisted of rows of pillars that supported a roof. People had named this porch after King Solomon. Alternate translation: “Solomon’s Porch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
423 | ACT | 3 | 11 | rj43 | figs-activepassive | τῇ καλουμένῃ | 1 | that is called | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “that people call” or “whose name is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
424 | ACT | 3 | 12 | ndi3 | figs-idiom | ἄνδρες, Ἰσραηλεῖται | 1 | Men, Israelites | This is an idiomatic form of address. Alternate translation: “My fellow Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
425 | ACT | 3 | 12 | uyg1 | figs-rquestion | τί θαυμάζετε ἐπὶ τούτῳ | 1 | why do you marvel at this? | Peter does not expect the crowd to tell him why they are marveling. He is using the question form for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “you should not marvel at this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
426 | ACT | 3 | 12 | j6ld | figs-rquestion | ἢ ἡμῖν τί ἀτενίζετε, ὡς ἰδίᾳ δυνάμει ἢ εὐσεβείᾳ πεποιηκόσιν τοῦ περιπατεῖν αὐτόν? | 1 | Or why do you look intently at us, as if we have made him to walk by our own power or godliness? | Peter is using the question form for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Do not stare at us. We did not make him walk by our own power or godliness!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
427 | ACT | 3 | 12 | g4y1 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῖν…ἰδίᾳ | 1 | at us … our own | By us and our own, Peter means himself and John but not also the people in the crowd. So use the exclusive forms of us and our in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
428 | ACT | 3 | 12 | mwd9 | figs-hendiadys | ἰδίᾳ δυνάμει ἢ εὐσεβείᾳ | 1 | by our own power or godliness | Peter may be expressing a single idea by using two words connected with or. The term godliness describes what the crowd may consider the source or nature of the power that he and John have. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express the meaning with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “by our own godly power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
429 | ACT | 3 | 13 | q8q2 | translate-names | Ἀβραὰμ…Ἰσαὰκ…Ἰακώβ | 1 | Abraham … Isaac … Jacob | These are the names of three men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
430 | ACT | 3 | 13 | a213 | figs-metaphor | τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν | 1 | our fathers | Peter is using the term fathers figuratively to mean “ancestors.” Alternate translation: “of our ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
431 | ACT | 3 | 13 | kmqw | figs-gendernotations | τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν | 1 | The term fathers could mean: (1) in a generic sense that includes both men and women, the ancestors of the Israelites. If you decide to retain this metaphor in your translation, you could say “fathers and mothers” to indicate this. (2) Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. In that case, Peter would be repeating the meaning of the previous phrase, and the term would have a masculine meaning. Alternate translation: “of the patriarchs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) | |
432 | ACT | 3 | 13 | a214 | τὸν παῖδα αὐτοῦ, Ἰησοῦν | 1 | his Servant Jesus | See the discussion of the term Servant in the General Notes to this chapter. Alternate translation: “Jesus his Messiah” | |
433 | ACT | 3 | 13 | a215 | παρεδώκατε | 1 | delivered up | Alternate translation: “handed over for trial” | |
434 | ACT | 3 | 13 | cp1j | figs-idiom | κατὰ πρόσωπον Πειλάτου | 1 | before the face of Pilate | Here the phrase before the face of means “in the presence of.” Alternate translation: “in the presence of Pilate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
435 | ACT | 3 | 13 | a216 | translate-names | Πειλάτου | 1 | Pilate | Pilate is the name of a man. His full name was Pontius Pilate. He was the governor of Judea during the time of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
436 | ACT | 3 | 13 | yy96 | figs-nominaladj | κρίναντος ἐκείνου ἀπολύειν | 1 | when that one had decided to release him | Peter is using the demonstrative adjective that as a noun to refer to a certain person, Pilate. (ULT adds one to indicate that.) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could indicate specifically whom Peter means. Alternate translation: “when Pilate had decided to release him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
437 | ACT | 3 | 14 | a217 | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | δὲ | 1 | But | Peter uses this word to introduce a contrast between what Pilate wanted to do and what these people demanded he do instead. Alternate translation: “Even though Pilate wanted to release Jesus,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
438 | ACT | 3 | 14 | a218 | figs-nominaladj | τὸν Ἅγιον καὶ Δίκαιον | 1 | the Holy and Righteous One | Peter is using both the adjective Holy and the adjective Righteous to indicate a certain person, Jesus. (ULT adds One to indicate that.) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could indicate specifically whom Peter means. Alternate translation: “Jesus, who was holy and righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
439 | ACT | 3 | 14 | a219 | figs-doublet | τὸν Ἅγιον καὶ Δίκαιον | 1 | the Holy and Righteous One | The terms Holy and Righteous mean similar things. Peter is using the two terms together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the Supremely Holy One” or “Jesus, who was supremely holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
440 | ACT | 3 | 14 | a220 | figs-explicit | τὸν Ἅγιον καὶ Δίκαιον | 1 | the Holy and Righteous One | This description of Jesus is an implicit assertion that he is the Messiah. Alternate translation: “Jesus, the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
441 | ACT | 3 | 14 | s6qj | figs-activepassive | ᾐτήσασθε ἄνδρα, φονέα χαρισθῆναι ὑμῖν | 1 | for a man, a murderer, to be granted to you | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “asked Pilate to release to you a man who was a murderer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
442 | ACT | 3 | 15 | a221 | figs-synecdoche | ἀπεκτείνατε | 1 | you killed | It was the Romans who literally killed Jesus, but Peter says figuratively that the Jewish people in the crowd killed him because their demands led to his death. See how you translated the similar expression in 2:23. Alternate translation: “you demanded the death of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
443 | ACT | 3 | 15 | ljn8 | figs-explicit | τὸν…Ἀρχηγὸν τῆς ζωῆς | 1 | the Originator of Life | Peter is using the expression the Originator of Life as another title for Jesus. This expression could be a reference to the way Jesus, as the Son of God, took part in the original creation of all life. It could also be a reference to the way Jesus gives spiritual life to all who believe in him. Or it could mean both things. In any event, Peter is drawing a contrast between the life-giving Jesus whom the people rejected and the life-taking murderer whom they asked Pilate to release. It may be best in your translation to bring out this contrast while leaving the specific meaning open. Alternate translation: “Jesus, who gives life rather than taking it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
444 | ACT | 3 | 15 | a222 | figs-nominaladj | ἐκ νεκρῶν | 1 | from the dead | Peter is using the adjective dead as a noun in order to indicate a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “from among those who have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
445 | ACT | 3 | 15 | jwb1 | figs-exclusive | ἡμεῖς | 1 | we | Peter is speaking at least of himself and John, and perhaps also of the other apostles, but not of the people he is addressing. So use the exclusive form of we in your translation if your language marks that distinction. Other languages may have other ways of indicating that we is exclusive here. Alternate translation: “we and the other apostles whom Jesus chose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
446 | ACT | 3 | 15 | a223 | writing-pronouns | ἡμεῖς | 1 | we | If you conclude that Peter is referring only to himself and John, and if your language uses dual forms, use the dual form of the pronoun we here, since it would apply to two people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
447 | ACT | 3 | 16 | abc2 | figs-infostructure | ἐπὶ τῇ πίστει τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ, τοῦτον ὃν θεωρεῖτε καὶ οἴδατε, ἐστερέωσεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ | 1 | by faith in his name, this one whom you see and know, his name has made strong | Your language might naturally present the phrases in this sentence in a different order. Alternate translation: “this man whom you see and know had faith in his name, and his name has made him strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]]) |
448 | ACT | 3 | 16 | qt8w | writing-pronouns | τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ…τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ | 1 | in his name … his name | The pronoun his refers to Jesus in both of these instances. Alternate translation: “in the name of Jesus … that name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
449 | ACT | 3 | 16 | a224 | figs-metonymy | τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ…τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ | 1 | in his name … his name | Peter is using the name of Jesus figuratively to mean his authority or power. Alternate translation: “in the authority of Jesus … the authority of Jesus” or “in the power of Jesus … the power of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
450 | ACT | 3 | 16 | abc3 | writing-pronouns | ἡ πίστις ἡ δι’ αὐτοῦ, ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ | 1 | the faith that is through him has given to him | The first instance of the pronoun him refers to Jesus, and the second instance refers to the man who had been lame. Alternate translation: “the faith that is through Jesus has given to this man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
451 | ACT | 3 | 16 | a225 | figs-personification | ἡ πίστις ἡ δι’ αὐτοῦ, ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ τὴν ὁλοκληρίαν ταύτην | 1 | the faith that is through him has given to him this complete health | Peter is speaking of faith figuratively as if it were a living thing that could have given complete health to the man. Alternate translation: “because this man had faith in Jesus, Jesus has given him this complete health” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
452 | ACT | 3 | 17 | v45t | καὶ νῦν | 1 | And now | Peter uses the expression And now to shift the people’s attention away from the lame man so that he can speak to them directly. In your translation, use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that would be natural for this same purpose. | |
453 | ACT | 3 | 17 | a226 | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί | 1 | brothers | Peter addresses the people figuratively as his brothers because they are related to him as fellow descendants of the founders of the Jewish nation. Alternate translation: “my kinsmen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
454 | ACT | 3 | 17 | a227 | figs-gendernotations | ἀδελφοί | 1 | brothers | Although the term brothers is masculine, Peter is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, you could say “brothers and sisters” to indicate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
455 | ACT | 3 | 17 | x62k | figs-explicit | κατὰ ἄγνοιαν ἐπράξατε | 1 | you acted in ignorance | Peter likely means that the people acted in ignorance of the fact that Jesus was the Messiah. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “you acted in ignorance of the fact that Jesus was the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
456 | ACT | 3 | 17 | a228 | figs-ellipsis | ὥσπερ καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες ὑμῶν | 1 | as also your rulers | Peter is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “and that your rulers also acted in ignorance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
457 | ACT | 3 | 18 | gcc1 | figs-infostructure | ὁ δὲ Θεὸς ἃ προκατήγγειλεν διὰ στόματος πάντων τῶν προφητῶν, παθεῖν τὸν Χριστὸν αὐτοῦ, ἐπλήρωσεν οὕτως | 1 | But what God foretold through the mouth of all the prophets, that his Christ would suffer, he has fulfilled thus | Your language might naturally put first in this sentence the information that God fulfilled prophecies when Christ suffered. Alternate translation: “But in this way God has fulfilled what he foretold through the mouth of all the prophets, that his Christ would suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]]) |
458 | ACT | 3 | 18 | ms6d | διὰ στόματος πάντων τῶν προφητῶν | 1 | through the mouth of all the prophets | Since Peter is speaking of a group of people, the prophets, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of mouth. Alternate translation: “through the mouths of all the prophets” | |
459 | ACT | 3 | 18 | z3l7 | figs-metonymy | διὰ στόματος πάντων τῶν προφητῶν | 1 | through the mouth of all the prophets | Peter is figuratively using the mouth of the prophets to represent what they said by using their mouths. Alternate translation: “through what all the prophets said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
460 | ACT | 3 | 18 | a229 | figs-hyperbole | πάντων τῶν προφητῶν | 1 | of all the prophets | Peter is using the word all as a generalization. It is true that the overall witness of Old Testament prophecy is that the Messiah would come first in humility and suffering, but not every prophet spoke specifically of the sufferings of Christ. Alternate translation: “of many prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
461 | ACT | 3 | 19 | cw18 | figs-metaphor | ἐπιστρέψατε | 1 | turn back | Peter is speaking of his listeners figuratively as if they were traveling somewhere and had taken the wrong way and needed to turn back onto the right way. Alternate translation: “start obeying the Lord again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
462 | ACT | 3 | 19 | zm6y | figs-activepassive | πρὸς τὸ ἐξαλειφθῆναι ὑμῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας | 1 | for your sins to be wiped away | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “so that God will wipe away your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
463 | ACT | 3 | 19 | a230 | figs-metaphor | πρὸς τὸ ἐξαλειφθῆναι ὑμῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας | 1 | for your sins to be wiped away | Peter is speaking of sins as if they would be physically wiped away when God forgave them. Alternate translation: “so that God will forgive your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
464 | ACT | 3 | 20 | a231 | figs-personification | ὅπως ἂν ἔλθωσιν καιροὶ ἀναψύξεως ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | so that times of refreshment may come from the face of the Lord | Peter is speaking of these times figuratively as if they could actively come to his listeners on their own. Alternate translation: “so that the Lord may send you times of refreshing from his face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
465 | ACT | 3 | 20 | x3ca | figs-abstractnouns | καιροὶ ἀναψύξεως | 1 | times of refreshment | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word refreshment, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “refreshing” or “restful.” Alternate translation: “refreshing times” or “restful times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
466 | ACT | 3 | 20 | f2wm | figs-metaphor | ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | from the face of the Lord | Peter is using the term face figuratively to represent the presence of the Lord. Alternate translation: “from the presence of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
467 | ACT | 3 | 20 | h3nk | figs-explicit | ἀποστείλῃ | 1 | he may send | Peter is referring implicitly to Christ’s coming again. Alternate translation: “he may again send” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
468 | ACT | 3 | 20 | yzr6 | figs-activepassive | τὸν προκεχειρισμένον ὑμῖν | 1 | the one appointed for you | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the one whom he has appointed for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
469 | ACT | 3 | 21 | vgn8 | figs-personification | ὃν δεῖ οὐρανὸν μὲν δέξασθαι | 1 | whom it is necessary for heaven to receive | Peter is speaking figuratively of heaven as if it were a person who has welcomed Jesus into his home. Alternate translation: “who must remain in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
470 | ACT | 3 | 21 | x2f3 | figs-abstractnouns | ἄχρι χρόνων ἀποκαταστάσεως πάντων | 1 | the times of the restoration of all things | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word restoration, you could express the same idea with a verb such as “restore.” Alternate translation: “until the times when God will restore all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
471 | ACT | 3 | 21 | a2m8 | figs-idiom | ἀπ’ αἰῶνος | 1 | from the age | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
472 | ACT | 3 | 21 | a12i | figs-metonymy | διὰ στόματος τῶν ἁγίων…αὐτοῦ προφητῶν | 1 | through the mouth of his holy prophets | Peter is figuratively using the mouth of the prophets to represent what they said by using their mouths. Alternate translation: “through what his holy prophets said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
473 | ACT | 3 | 22 | a232 | figs-quotesinquotes | Μωϋσῆς μὲν εἶπεν, ὅτι προφήτην ὑμῖν ἀναστήσει Κύριος, ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν, ὡς ἐμέ αὐτοῦ ἀκούσεσθε κατὰ πάντα, ὅσα ἂν λαλήσῃ πρὸς ὑμᾶς | 1 | Moses indeed said, ‘The Lord our God will raise up for you a prophet like me from your brothers. You will listen to him according to everything—whatever he may speak to you | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Moses indeed said that the Lord our God would raise up a prophet like himself for us Israelites from among our brothers. Moses said that we were to listen to him according to everything—whatever he might speak to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
474 | ACT | 3 | 22 | a233 | translate-names | Μωϋσῆς | 1 | Moses | Moses is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
475 | ACT | 3 | 22 | a249 | translate-textvariants | Κύριος, ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν | 1 | The Lord our God | See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to use this reading or one of two other possible readings, “The Lord your God” or “The Lord God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) |
476 | ACT | 3 | 22 | a250 | figs-exclusive | Κύριος, ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν | 1 | The Lord our God | Moses is speaking of himself and his fellow Israelites, whom he is addressing, so use the inclusive form of the word our in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
477 | ACT | 3 | 22 | v5nf | figs-idiom | ὑμῖν ἀναστήσει | 1 | will raise up for you | Here the expression raise up does not mean “bring back to life,” as it did in 2:24 and 2:32. In this context, it refers instead to God giving someone the mission to go as a prophet to certain people with a message for them. Alternate translation: “will send to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
478 | ACT | 3 | 22 | t8di | figs-metaphor | τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν | 1 | your brothers | Moses is using the term brothers to mean people who are fellow descendants with his listeners of the founders of the Jewish nation. Alternate translation: “your kinsmen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
479 | ACT | 3 | 22 | a234 | figs-declarative | αὐτοῦ ἀκούσεσθε κατὰ πάντα | 1 | You will listen to him according to everything | Moses is using a future statement to give a command. Alternate translation: “You must listen to everything he tells you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]]) |
480 | ACT | 3 | 22 | a235 | figs-idiom | αὐτοῦ ἀκούσεσθε κατὰ πάντα | 1 | You will listen to him according to everything | Here, listen is an idiom that means “obey.” Alternate translation: “You must obey every command that he gives you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
481 | ACT | 3 | 23 | a236 | figs-quotesinquotes | ἔσται δὲ πᾶσα ψυχὴ, ἥτις ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ τοῦ προφήτου ἐκείνου, ἐξολεθρευθήσεται ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ | 1 | But it will be that every soul that does not listen to that prophet will be destroyed from the people | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Moses also said that every soul that did not listen to that prophet would be destroyed from the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
482 | ACT | 3 | 23 | t8a5 | figs-activepassive | πᾶσα ψυχὴ, ἥτις ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ τοῦ προφήτου ἐκείνου, ἐξολεθρευθήσεται ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ | 1 | every soul that does not listen to that prophet will be destroyed from the people | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will destroy from the people every soul that does not listen to that prophet” or see the next note for a further possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
483 | ACT | 3 | 23 | a237 | figs-declarative | πᾶσα ψυχὴ, ἥτις ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ τοῦ προφήτου ἐκείνου, ἐξολεθρευθήσεται ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ | 1 | every soul that does not listen to that prophet will be destroyed from the people | Moses could be using a future statement to give a command, in which case he would be telling the people to take this action. Alternate translation: “you must destroy from the people every soul that does not listen to that prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]]) |
484 | ACT | 3 | 23 | a238 | figs-synecdoche | πᾶσα ψυχὴ, ἥτις | 1 | every soul that | Moses is using one part of a person, the soul, to mean the entire person. Alternate translation: “every person who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
485 | ACT | 3 | 23 | a239 | figs-idiom | ἥτις ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ τοῦ προφήτου ἐκείνου | 1 | does not listen to that prophet | Here, listen is an idiom that means “obey.” Alternate translation: “does not obey that prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
486 | ACT | 3 | 24 | u6x3 | figs-hyperbole | πάντες…οἱ προφῆται | 1 | all the prophets | Here the phrase all the prophets is probably not the same kind of generalization that it seems to be in 3:18. It is true in a more literal sense that all the prophets announced these days. There was something in the messages of each one of them that pointed to the culmination of God’s work in the coming of Jesus. So even if your language does not use generalizations for emphasis, you can translate these words just as Peter says them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
487 | ACT | 3 | 24 | xp9h | ἀπὸ Σαμουὴλ καὶ τῶν καθεξῆς | 1 | from Samuel and those after him | Alternate translation: “beginning with Samuel and continuing with those who lived after he did” | |
488 | ACT | 3 | 24 | a240 | translate-names | Σαμουὴλ | 1 | Samuel | Samuel is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
489 | ACT | 3 | 24 | m9pr | figs-idiom | τὰς ἡμέρας ταύτας | 1 | these days | Peter is using the word days idiomatically to mean a specific time. Alternate translation: “this time” or “these times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
490 | ACT | 3 | 24 | a241 | figs-explicit | τὰς ἡμέρας ταύτας | 1 | these days | Peter is referring to a specific time to mean implicitly what is happening at that time. Alternate translation: “the things that are happening now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
491 | ACT | 3 | 25 | rh2n | figs-metonymy | ὑμεῖς ἐστε οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν προφητῶν | 1 | You are the sons of the prophets | Peter is using the word sons figuratively in the sense of “heirs,” by association with the way that children inherit from their parents. He means that the Israelites living at this time are going to receive something as a legacy from those who lived before them. Alternate translation: “You are the ones who are going to receive what the prophets promised” or “You are the ones who are going to experience what the prophets foretold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
492 | ACT | 3 | 25 | a242 | figs-gendernotations | οἱ υἱοὶ | 1 | the sons | Although the term sons is masculine, Peter is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, you could say “the sons and daughters” to indicate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
493 | ACT | 3 | 25 | a243 | figs-metonymy | καὶ τῆς διαθήκης ἧς διέθετο ὁ Θεὸς πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ὑμῶν | 1 | and of the covenant that God made with your fathers | The figurative sense of sons as “heirs” continues in this phrase. Alternate translation: “and who are going to receive what God promised to your fathers when he made a covenant with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
494 | ACT | 3 | 25 | a244 | figs-quotesinquotes | πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ὑμῶν, λέγων πρὸς Ἀβραάμ, καὶ ἐν τῷ σπέρματί σου ἐνευλογηθήσονται πᾶσαι αἱ πατριαὶ τῆς γῆς | 1 | with your fathers, saying to Abraham, ‘And in your seed will all the families of the earth be blessed’ | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “with your fathers when he said to Abraham that in his seed all the families of the earth would be blessed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
495 | ACT | 3 | 25 | a245 | figs-metaphor | τοὺς πατέρας ὑμῶν | 1 | your fathers | Here, fathers figuratively means “ancestors.” Alternate translation: “your ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
496 | ACT | 3 | 25 | wid4 | figs-gendernotations | τοὺς πατέρας ὑμῶν | 1 | Although the term fathers is masculine, Peter is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, you could say “your fathers and mothers” to indicate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) | |
497 | ACT | 3 | 25 | mad5 | figs-metaphor | ἐν τῷ σπέρματί σου | 1 | in your seed | The term seed figuratively means “offspring.” It is a word picture. Just as plants produce seeds that grow into many more plants, so people can have many offspring. Alternate translation: “through your descendants” or see the next note for a further possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
498 | ACT | 3 | 25 | a246 | figs-explicit | ἐν τῷ σπέρματί σου | 1 | in your seed | As the apostle Paul notes in Galatians 3:16, God used the singular form of the word seed when he said this to Abraham, and so the ultimate fulfillment of this promise came when God sent Jesus as the Savior for everyone in the world who would believe in him. That may also be what Peter has in view here, since he refers in the next verse to God’s “Servant,” meaning the Messiah. Alternate translation: “through the Messiah, who will be your descendant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
499 | ACT | 3 | 25 | a247 | figs-activepassive | ἐνευλογηθήσονται πᾶσαι αἱ πατριαὶ τῆς γῆς | 1 | will all the families of the earth be blessed | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “I will bless all the families of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
500 | ACT | 3 | 25 | g31m | figs-metonymy | πᾶσαι αἱ πατριαὶ τῆς γῆς | 1 | all the families of the earth | Here, families refers figuratively to people groups or nations by association with the way that many of them consist of people who have a common ancestry. Alternate translation: “all the nations of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
501 | ACT | 3 | 26 | b7tz | figs-idiom | ἀναστήσας ὁ Θεὸς τὸν παῖδα αὐτοῦ, ἀπέστειλεν αὐτὸν | 1 | God, having raised up his Servant, sent him | The expression raised up has the same meaning here as in 3:22. See how you translated it there. Alternate translation: “When God appointed Jesus as the Messiah, he sent him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
502 | ACT | 3 | 26 | z5q6 | τὸν παῖδα αὐτοῦ | 1 | his Servant | See the discussion of the term Servant in the General Notes to this chapter, and see how you translated that term in 3:13. Alternate translation: “his Messiah” | |
503 | ACT | 3 | 26 | x8ss | figs-metaphor | τῷ ἀποστρέφειν ἕκαστον ἀπὸ τῶν πονηριῶν ὑμῶν | 1 | by turning each of you from your wickedness | Here, turning someone from something figuratively means leading that person to stop doing that thing. See how you translated the similar expression in 3:19. Alternate translation: “by leading every one of you to repent of your wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
504 | ACT | 3 | 26 | a248 | figs-abstractnouns | τῷ ἀποστρέφειν ἕκαστον ἀπὸ τῶν πονηριῶν ὑμῶν | 1 | by turning each of you from your wickedness | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word wickedness, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “by leading every one of you to stop doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
505 | ACT | 4 | intro | pv3a | 0 | Acts 4 General NotesStructure and formattingSome translations set lines of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 4:25–26. Special concepts in this chapterUnityThe first Christians wanted very much to be united. They wanted to believe the same things and share everything they owned and help those who needed help. “Signs and wonders”This phrase refers to things that only God can do. The Christians wanted God to do what only he could do so that people would believe that what they said about Jesus was true. Important figures of speech in this chapterThe “head of the corner” or cornerstone (4:11)The cornerstone was the first piece of stone that people put down when they were building a building out of stone. Peter refers to it as the “head of the corner” in 4:11. This is a metaphor for the most important part of something, the part on which everything else depends. To say that Jesus is the cornerstone of the church is to say that nothing in the church is more important than Jesus and that everything in the church depends on Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter“no other name” (4:12)“There is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved” (Acts 4:12). As a note to this verse explains, in this expression the term “name” figuratively represents a person. So with these words, Peter was saying that no other person who has ever been on the earth or who will ever be on earth can save people. This statement might cause some controversy in some places today, but it is an essential part of the Christian message, and it should be translated so that its meaning is clear. | |||
506 | ACT | 4 | 1 | abc4 | writing-pronouns | λαλούντων…αὐτῶν | 1 | as they were speaking | The pronoun they refers to Peter and John. Alternate translation: “as Peter and John were speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
507 | ACT | 4 | 1 | ew3l | figs-explicit | ὁ στρατηγὸς τοῦ ἱεροῦ | 1 | the captain of the temple | The temple had its own guards, and this man was their commanding officer. Alternate translation: “the commander of the temple guard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
508 | ACT | 4 | 1 | a253 | translate-names | οἱ Σαδδουκαῖοι | 1 | the Sadducees | Sadducees is the name of a group of Jewish priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
509 | ACT | 4 | 1 | m74s | figs-explicit | οἱ Σαδδουκαῖοι | 1 | the Sadducees | The Sadducees would have been particularly upset that Peter and John were saying that God raised Jesus from the dead, because they did not believe in the resurrection. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain that explicitly here. Alternate translation: “the Sadducees, who do not believe in the resurrection,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
510 | ACT | 4 | 1 | d3tv | figs-synecdoche | οἱ Σαδδουκαῖοι | 1 | the Sadducees | Luke is using the name of the whole group to mean some of its members. Alternate translation: “some of the Sadducees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
511 | ACT | 4 | 2 | abc5 | writing-pronouns | διαπονούμενοι διὰ τὸ διδάσκειν αὐτοὺς | 1 | greatly troubled because they were teaching | The pronoun they refers to Peter and John. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “These men were greatly troubled because Peter and John were teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
512 | ACT | 4 | 2 | mg5l | figs-abstractnouns | καταγγέλλειν ἐν τῷ Ἰησοῦ τὴν ἀνάστασιν, τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν | 1 | proclaiming in Jesus the resurrection that is from the dead | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word resurrection, you could express the same idea with an equivalent phrase. Peter and John were saying that God would raise people from the dead in the same way that he had raised Jesus. Translate this in a way that allows the resurrection to refer to both Jesus’ resurrection and the general resurrection of other people. Alternate translation: “proclaiming that God makes people alive again who have died, just as God had done for Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
513 | ACT | 4 | 2 | np5g | figs-nominaladj | τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν | 1 | from the dead | Peter is using the adjective dead as a noun in order to indicate a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “from among those who have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
514 | ACT | 4 | 3 | a254 | grammar-connect-logic-result | καὶ | 1 | And | Luke is using the word translated And to introduce what the men who came up to Peter and John did because they were so troubled by their teaching. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
515 | ACT | 4 | 3 | a255 | writing-pronouns | ἐπέβαλον αὐτοῖς τὰς χεῖρας | 1 | they laid hands on them | The pronoun they refers to the priests, the captain of the temple, and the Sadducees. The pronoun them refers to Peter and John. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the priests, the captain of the temple, and the Sadducees laid hands on Peter and John” or “the men who had come up to Peter and John laid hands on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
516 | ACT | 4 | 3 | zla7 | figs-metonymy | ἐπέβαλον αὐτοῖς τὰς χεῖρας | 1 | they laid hands on them | The expression laid hands on figuratively means to arrest someone, by association with the way that arresting officers might physically take hold of a person with their hands. Alternate translation: “they arrested them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
517 | ACT | 4 | 3 | a256 | figs-abstractnouns | ἔθεντο εἰς τήρησιν | 1 | put them in custody | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word custody, you could express the same idea with a verb such as “imprison.” Alternate translation: “they imprisoned them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
518 | ACT | 4 | 3 | h5f9 | figs-explicit | ἦν γὰρ ἑσπέρα ἤδη | 1 | since it was already evening | The implication is that the ruling council, which Luke describes in 4:5–6, would not meet to question anyone at night. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “since it was already evening and the council would not meet to question them at night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
519 | ACT | 4 | 4 | a257 | writing-endofstory | δὲ | 1 | But | Luke uses the word But to introduce information about what happened after this much of the story as a result of the events within the story itself. This is not the end of the whole story, but it is the end of a significant part of it. Your language may have its own way of indicating how such information relates to a significant part of a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) |
520 | ACT | 4 | 4 | a258 | figs-metonymy | τὸν λόγον | 1 | the word | Luke is using the term word figuratively to mean the message about Jesus that Peter and John shared by using words. Alternate translation: “the message about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
521 | ACT | 4 | 4 | bm1f | figs-gendernotations | ἀριθμὸς τῶν ἀνδρῶν | 1 | the number of the men | Luke is not using the word men in a generic sense here. The figure of 5,000 is the number of the men alone. It does not include women and children. So it would not be accurate to translate men as “people.” Instead, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this distinction explicitly. Alternate translation: “the number of the men alone, not counting the women and children,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
522 | ACT | 4 | 4 | qd8g | figs-explicit | ἐγενήθη…ὡς χιλιάδες πέντε | 1 | became about 5,000 | The word translated became could mean: (1) the community of believers in Jesus grew to a total of 5,000 as a result of the professions of faith on this day. Alternate translation: “in the community of believers grew to about 5,000” (2) “was,” and that would indicate that 5,000 men made professions of faith on this day. Alternate translation: “who put their faith in Jesus that day was about 5,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
523 | ACT | 4 | 5 | lw2d | writing-newevent | ἐγένετο δὲ | 1 | And it happened that | Luke uses this phrase to introduce a significant development in this story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for this purpose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
524 | ACT | 4 | 5 | cdj1 | figs-explicit | συναχθῆναι αὐτῶν τοὺς ἄρχοντας, καὶ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους, καὶ τοὺς γραμματεῖς | 1 | their rulers and elders and scribes were gathered together | Luke is implicitly describing the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling council, which consisted of these three groups of people. Luke describes this council explicitly as “the Sanhedrin” in 4:15. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could identify it by name here. Alternate translation: “the Sanhedrin, consisting of their rulers and elders and scribes, was gathered together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
525 | ACT | 4 | 5 | j6p8 | writing-pronouns | αὐτῶν τοὺς ἄρχοντας, καὶ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους, καὶ τοὺς γραμματεῖς | 1 | their rulers and elders and scribes | The pronoun their refers to the Jewish people. Alternate translation: “the rulers and elders and scribes of the Jewish people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
526 | ACT | 4 | 5 | i9tj | figs-activepassive | συναχθῆναι | 1 | were gathered together | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “gathered together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
527 | ACT | 4 | 6 | a259 | figs-explicit | Ἅννας ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς, καὶ Καϊάφας | 1 | Annas the high priest, and Caiaphas | Luke describes Annas as the high priest, but the actual situation was complicated. At this time the Romans were appointing the high priests for Judea. One Roman official had appointed Annas some years earlier, but ten years after that, another official deposed him and named his son-in-law Caiaphas high priest instead. However, the Jews still recognized Annas’ claim to the position. If you decide to clarify this for your readers, it would probably be best to state the matter as simply as possible. Alternate translation: “Annas, whom the Jews recognized as the high priest, and Caiaphas, whom a Roman official had appointed as the high priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
528 | ACT | 4 | 6 | l44n | translate-names | Ἅννας…Καϊάφας…Ἰωάννης…Ἀλέξανδρος | 1 | Annas … Caiaphas … John … Alexander | These are the names of four men. The John mentioned here was a member of the high priest’s family. This is not the same John as the apostle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
529 | ACT | 4 | 6 | a260 | ὅσοι ἦσαν ἐκ γένους ἀρχιερατικοῦ | 1 | as many as were from the high priestly family | Alternate translation: “all the other members of the high priestly family who were members of the council” | |
530 | ACT | 4 | 7 | abc6 | writing-pronouns | στήσαντες αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ μέσῳ, ἐπυνθάνοντο | 1 | having set them in their midst, they asked them | The pronoun them refers to Peter and John, and the pronouns their and they refer to the council members. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “when the council members had set Peter and John in their midst, the members asked them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
531 | ACT | 4 | 7 | t1eq | figs-doublet | ἐν ποίᾳ δυνάμει ἢ ἐν ποίῳ ὀνόματι ἐποιήσατε τοῦτο ὑμεῖς? | 1 | By what power or in what name have you done this? | The words power and name (meaning authority; see next note) mean similar things. The council members may be using them together to ask a comprehensive or emphatic question. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine these terms in your translation. Alternate translation: “By whatever means were you able to do this?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
532 | ACT | 4 | 7 | jc21 | figs-metonymy | ἐν ποίῳ ὀνόματι | 1 | in what name | Here, name refers figuratively to authority. Alternate translation: “by what authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
533 | ACT | 4 | 7 | a261 | figs-youdual | ὑμεῖς | 1 | you | Since the council members are speaking to two men, you would be dual if your language uses that form. (All other pronouns in this account that refer to Peter and John would also be dual, such as them in its two instances in this verse.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) |
534 | ACT | 4 | 8 | su5x | figs-activepassive | Πέτρος πλησθεὶς Πνεύματος Ἁγίου, εἶπεν | 1 | Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. See how you translated the comparable expression in 2:4. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit filled Peter and he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
535 | ACT | 4 | 8 | a262 | figs-metaphor | Πέτρος πλησθεὶς Πνεύματος Ἁγίου, εἶπεν | 1 | Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said | Luke is speaking figuratively of Peter as if he were a container that the Holy Spirit filled. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit inspired Peter and he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
536 | ACT | 4 | 8 | a263 | figs-merism | ἄρχοντες τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ πρεσβύτεροι | 1 | Rulers of the people and elders | Peter is addressing the entire council by referring to its two components. Some of the members had ruling responsibilities. Others, the elders, were added to the council to bring its total membership up to 70, since according to Exodus 24:1, that was the number of elders who accompanied Moses when God confirmed the covenant with Israel at Mount Sinai. Alternate translation: “You members of the Sanhedrin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) |
537 | ACT | 4 | 8 | a264 | figs-explicit | τοῦ λαοῦ | 1 | of the people | Here, the people means specifically the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
538 | ACT | 4 | 9 | pq85 | figs-irony | εἰ ἡμεῖς σήμερον ἀνακρινόμεθα ἐπὶ εὐεργεσίᾳ ἀνθρώπου ἀσθενοῦς, ἐν τίνι οὗτος σέσωσται | 1 | if we are being questioned today concerning a good deed to a sick man, by what means he was made well | Peter is not suggesting seriously that the subject of the questioning is uncertain. He knows the subject, but he is suggesting ironically that it is uncertain so that he can describe it from his own perspective. The council asked by what power or authority he and John did “this,” implying that “this” was something bad, a public disturbance that troubled the authorities. In response, Peter asserts that “this” was instead something good, a good deed to a sick man. If it would be helpful to your readers, in your translation you could indicate the meaning that Peter is communicating through this irony. Alternate translation: “what we actually did was a good deed for a sick man, and if you want to know by what means he was made well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) |
539 | ACT | 4 | 9 | je6d | figs-activepassive | ἡμεῖς…ἀνακρινόμεθα | 1 | we are being questioned | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “you are questioning us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
540 | ACT | 4 | 9 | b92n | figs-activepassive | οὗτος σέσωσται | 1 | he was made well | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “he became healthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
541 | ACT | 4 | 10 | snd5 | figs-activepassive | γνωστὸν ἔστω πᾶσιν ὑμῖν καὶ παντὶ τῷ λαῷ Ἰσραὴλ | 1 | let it be known to you all and to all the people of Israel | The word translated known is an adjective, so this is not a passive verbal form. However, if your language does not use passive forms, it might be helpful to your readers to use an expression that does not seem to be a passive verbal form. Alternate translation: “then we want you and all the people of Israel to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
542 | ACT | 4 | 10 | j3px | writing-pronouns | πᾶσιν ὑμῖν | 1 | to you all | The pronoun you refers to the council members. Alternate translation: “to all of you council members” or “to all of you who are questioning us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
543 | ACT | 4 | 10 | khn7 | figs-metonymy | ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι | 1 | in the name | Here, name refers figuratively to power and authority. Alternate translation: “through the power” or “by the authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
544 | ACT | 4 | 10 | a265 | translate-names | Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Ναζωραίου | 1 | of Jesus Christ the Nazarene | See how you translated this in 2:22 and 3:6. Alternate translation: “of Jesus Christ of Nazareth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
545 | ACT | 4 | 10 | a266 | figs-synecdoche | ὃν ὑμεῖς ἐσταυρώσατε | 1 | whom you crucified | It was the Romans who literally crucified Jesus, but Peter says figuratively that these Jewish leaders crucified him because their demands led to his death. See how you translated the similar expression in 2:23. Alternate translation: “whom you demanded to be crucified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
546 | ACT | 4 | 10 | jyj6 | figs-idiom | ὃν ὁ Θεὸς ἤγειρεν ἐκ νεκρῶν | 1 | whom God raised from the dead | As in 2:24, the idiom raised up means that God made Jesus alive again after he died. Alternate translation: “whom God made alive again after he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
547 | ACT | 4 | 10 | a267 | figs-nominaladj | ἐκ νεκρῶν | 1 | from the dead | Peter is using the adjective dead as a noun in order to indicate a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “from among those who have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
548 | ACT | 4 | 11 | nwg6 | writing-pronouns | οὗτός | 1 | He | The pronoun He refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
549 | ACT | 4 | 11 | w195 | figs-metaphor | ὁ λίθος ὁ ἐξουθενηθεὶς ὑφ’ ὑμῶν, τῶν οἰκοδόμων, ὁ γενόμενος εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας | 1 | the stone that was rejected by you, the builders, which has been made into the head of the corner | Peter is quoting from Psalm 118:22, and the quotation contains a metaphor. This psalm is figuratively describing the Messiah as if he were a stone that builders chose not to use. This means that people will reject him. When the psalm says that this stone became the cornerstone, this means figuratively that God will nevertheless make the Messiah the ruler of these people. However, since this is a quotation from Scripture, we recommend that you translate the words directly rather than providing a non-figurative explanation of them, even if your language does not customarily use such figures of speech. If you want to explain the meaning of the metaphor, we recommend that you do that in a footnote rather than in the Bible text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
550 | ACT | 4 | 11 | c1bh | figs-activepassive | ὁ ἐξουθενηθεὶς ὑφ’ ὑμῶν, τῶν οἰκοδόμων | 1 | that was rejected by you, the builders | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “that you, the builders, rejected” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
551 | ACT | 4 | 11 | f1nx | figs-idiom | κεφαλὴν γωνίας | 1 | the head of the corner | The phrase the head of the corner is an idiom that refers to a large stone with straight edges that builders would place down first and use as a reference to make sure that the walls of a stone building were straight and that the building was oriented in the right direction. Your language may have its own term for such a stone. You could also use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the cornerstone” or “the reference stone for the whole building” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
552 | ACT | 4 | 12 | a268 | figs-doublenegatives | οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἄλλῳ οὐδενὶ ἡ σωτηρία | 1 | there is no salvation in anyone else | In Greek this is a double negative for emphasis, “there is no salvation in no one else.” The second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. If for emphasis your language uses double negatives that do not cancel one another, it would be appropriate to use that construction here. You could also state the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “he is the only one in whom there is salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
553 | ACT | 4 | 12 | tq3z | figs-abstractnouns | οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἄλλῳ οὐδενὶ ἡ σωτηρία | 1 | there is no salvation in anyone else | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word salvation, you could express the same idea with a verb such as “save.” Alternate translation: “he is the only one who is able to save” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
554 | ACT | 4 | 12 | l66w | figs-activepassive | οὐδὲ…ὄνομά ἐστιν ἕτερον ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν τὸ δεδομένον | 1 | there is no other name under heaven given | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “God has not given any other name under heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
555 | ACT | 4 | 12 | iz7k | figs-metonymy | οὐδὲ…ὄνομά ἐστιν ἕτερον…ἐν ᾧ δεῖ σωθῆναι ἡμᾶς | 1 | there is no other name … by which we must be saved | Here, name figuratively represents a person, by association with the way that each person has a name. Alternate translation: “there is no other person … by whom we must be saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
556 | ACT | 4 | 12 | jm25 | figs-idiom | ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν | 1 | under heaven | This is an idiom. See how you translated it in 2:5. Alternate translation: “on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
557 | ACT | 4 | 12 | a269 | figs-gendernotations | ἐν ἀνθρώποις | 1 | among men | Peter is using the term men in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “among people” or “to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
558 | ACT | 4 | 12 | gg8h | figs-activepassive | ἐν ᾧ δεῖ σωθῆναι ἡμᾶς | 1 | by which we must be saved | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “that can save us” or, if you translate “name” as “person,” “who can save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
559 | ACT | 4 | 12 | tdw8 | figs-exclusive | ἡμᾶς | 1 | we | Peter is using the word we to refer to himself and his listeners, so use the inclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
560 | ACT | 4 | 13 | r6d6 | figs-idiom | θεωροῦντες | 1 | seeing | Luke is using the word seeing idiomatically to mean that the council members noticed this and found it significant. Alternate translation: “taking note of” or “impressed with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
561 | ACT | 4 | 13 | t6kc | figs-abstractnouns | τὴν τοῦ Πέτρου παρρησίαν καὶ Ἰωάννου | 1 | the boldness of Peter and John | Here the abstract noun boldness refers to the way in which Peter and John responded to the Jewish leaders. If your language does not use an abstract noun for this idea, you can express the same idea with an adverb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “how boldly Peter and John had spoken” or “how bold Peter and John were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
562 | ACT | 4 | 13 | qaa5 | figs-explicit | καταλαβόμενοι | 1 | realizing | The implication is that the Jewish leaders realized this because of the way Peter and John spoke. Alternate translation: “realizing from the way they spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
563 | ACT | 4 | 13 | xn39 | writing-pronouns | ἐθαύμαζον; ἐπεγίνωσκόν τε αὐτοὺς, ὅτι σὺν τῷ Ἰησοῦ ἦσαν | 1 | they marveled, and they recognized them, that they had been with Jesus | Here the pronoun they refers in its first two instances to the council members, and in its third instance it refers to Peter and John, as does the pronoun them. It may be helpful to your readers to clarify this and to state the meaning here more concisely. Alternate translation: “the council members marveled, and they recognized that Peter and John had been with Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
564 | ACT | 4 | 13 | erv7 | figs-doublet | ἄνθρωποι ἀγράμματοί εἰσιν καὶ ἰδιῶται | 1 | they were uneducated and ordinary men | The words uneducated and ordinary mean similar things. Both words indicate that Peter and John had no formal education. Luke uses them together for emphasis, to express from the council members’ perspective how amazed they were. Alternate translation: “they had no formal education at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
565 | ACT | 4 | 14 | h3cy | figs-activepassive | τόν…ἄνθρωπον…τὸν τεθεραπευμένον | 1 | the man who had been healed | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the man whom Peter and John had healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
566 | ACT | 4 | 14 | a270 | writing-pronouns | σὺν αὐτοῖς ἑστῶτα, τὸν τεθεραπευμένον, οὐδὲν εἶχον | 1 | standing with them, they had nothing | The pronoun them refers to Peter and John, and the pronoun they refers to the council members. It may be helpful to your readers to clarify this. Alternate translation: “standing with Peter and John, the council members had nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
567 | ACT | 4 | 14 | fq4w | figs-explicit | οὐδὲν εἶχον ἀντειπεῖν | 1 | they had nothing to say in opposition | The implication is that anything the council members said in opposition would have been in an attempt to discredit the claim that the man had been healed in the name of Jesus. But there was nothing they could say, since the evidence that the claim was true was right in front of them in the person of the formerly lame man standing on his own. Alternate translation: “they had nothing to say to discredit the account” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
568 | ACT | 4 | 15 | ql31 | writing-pronouns | κελεύσαντες…αὐτοὺς ἔξω τοῦ Συνεδρίου ἀπελθεῖν, συνέβαλλον πρὸς ἀλλήλους | 1 | having commanded them to go outside the Sanhedrin, they conferred among themselves | The pronoun them refers at least to Peter and John, and probably also to the man who was healed, while the pronoun they refers to the council members. It may be helpful to your readers to clarify this. Alternate translation: “having commanded Peter and John and the man who was healed to go outside the Sanhedrin, the council members conferred among themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
569 | ACT | 4 | 15 | a271 | translate-names | τοῦ Συνεδρίου | 1 | the Sanhedrin | Sanhedrin is the name of the Jewish ruling council. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
570 | ACT | 4 | 15 | a272 | figs-metonymy | τοῦ Συνεδρίου | 1 | the Sanhedrin | Luke is figuratively using the name of the Jewish ruling council to mean the meeting place of that council. Alternate translation: “the place where the Sanhedrin met” or “the council chamber” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
571 | ACT | 4 | 16 | p4g6 | figs-rquestion | τί ποιήσωμεν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τούτοις? | 1 | What should we do to these men? | This could mean: (1) the Jewish leaders were using the question form to express their frustration because they realize that they cannot punish Peter and John. As 4:21 indicates explicitly, and as the leaders suggest here, they are afraid of how the people might respond if they do. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It is very difficult to know what we should do to these men!” (2) the leaders were asking one another a genuine question, because ultimately they do decide to do something to Peter and John. They warn them not to speak or teach in the name of Jesus, with an implied threat of punishment if they do. In that case it would be accurate to translate this as a question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
572 | ACT | 4 | 16 | jn12 | figs-hyperbole | πᾶσιν τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ἰερουσαλὴμ | 1 | everyone who lives in Jerusalem | This is a generalization that the leaders are making to emphasize how widely the news of the healing has spread. Alternate translation: “people who live throughout Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
573 | ACT | 4 | 16 | nh5s | γνωστὸν σημεῖον | 1 | a notable sign | Here the word sign has the same sense that it has in the phrase “wonders and signs” in 2:22 and 2:43. It means a miracle. Alternate translation: “a remarkable miracle” | |
574 | ACT | 4 | 17 | a273 | figs-activepassive | ἵνα μὴ ἐπὶ πλεῖον διανεμηθῇ | 1 | so that it may not be spread | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “so that it does not spread” or “so that they will not spread it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
575 | ACT | 4 | 17 | f71l | figs-explicit | ἵνα μὴ ἐπὶ πλεῖον διανεμηθῇ | 1 | so that it may not be spread | By it, the council members do not mean the news of the man’s healing, since they have already said that everyone in Jerusalem knows about it. They mean the teaching that Jesus is Messiah, since they then try to prevent this from spreading by not allowing the apostles to speak to anyone about Jesus. Alternate translation: “so that this teaching about Jesus does not spread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
576 | ACT | 4 | 17 | a274 | ἐπὶ πλεῖον | 1 | unto more | Alternate translation: “any further” | |
577 | ACT | 4 | 17 | w52j | figs-metonymy | λαλεῖν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ | 1 | to speak in this name | Here, name figuratively represents a person, by association with the way that each person has a name. Alternate translation: “to speak about this person Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
578 | ACT | 4 | 17 | a275 | figs-doublenegatives | μηκέτι λαλεῖν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ μηδενὶ ἀνθρώπων | 1 | no longer to speak in this name to any of men | In Greek this is a double negative for emphasis, “no longer to speak in this name to none of men.” The second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. If for emphasis your language uses double negatives that do not cancel one another, it would be appropriate to use that construction here. You could also state the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “to stop speaking in this name to any of men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
579 | ACT | 4 | 17 | a276 | figs-gendernotations | μηδενὶ ἀνθρώπων | 1 | to any of men | Here, men has a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “to any person” or “to anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
580 | ACT | 4 | 18 | a277 | grammar-connect-logic-result | καὶ | 1 | So | Luke uses the word translated And to introduce what the council members did as a result of their discussion. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
581 | ACT | 4 | 18 | a278 | writing-pronouns | καλέσαντες αὐτοὺς, παρήγγειλαν | 1 | summoning them, they commanded them | The pronoun them refers in both instances to Peter and John, and the pronoun they refers to the council members. It may be helpful to your readers to clarify this. Alternate translation: “summoning Peter and John, the council members commanded them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
582 | ACT | 4 | 18 | a279 | figs-doublet | μὴ φθέγγεσθαι μηδὲ διδάσκειν | 1 | neither to speak nor to teach | The words speak and teach mean similar things. The council members may be using them together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “not to say anything publicly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
583 | ACT | 4 | 18 | a280 | figs-metonymy | ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | in the name of Jesus | Here, name figuratively represents a person, by association with the way that each person has a name. Alternate translation: “about this person Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
584 | ACT | 4 | 19 | a281 | figs-hendiadys | ὁ…Πέτρος καὶ Ἰωάννης ἀποκριθέντες εἶπον | 1 | answering, Peter and John said | Together the words answering and said mean that Peter and John responded to the council. Alternate translation: “Peter and John responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
585 | ACT | 4 | 19 | a282 | figs-explicit | ὁ…Πέτρος καὶ Ἰωάννης ἀποκριθέντες εἶπον | 1 | answering, Peter and John said | This could mean: (1) Peter and John each said different parts of the quotation in 4:19–20. (2) Peter spoke these words on behalf of both of them, since the Holy Spirit had inspired him to speak to the council in 4:8–12. Alternate translation: “Peter responded on their behalf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
586 | ACT | 4 | 19 | jf1d | figs-metonymy | εἰ δίκαιόν ἐστιν ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | Whether it is right before God | Here the phrase before God refers to God’s opinion, by association with the way that God would assess anything that came to his attention in front of him. Alternate translation: “Whether God thinks it is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
587 | ACT | 4 | 19 | a283 | figs-idiom | ὑμῶν ἀκούειν μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | to listen to you rather than to God | Here, listen is an idiom that means “obey.” Alternate translation: “to obey you rather than God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
588 | ACT | 4 | 20 | a284 | grammar-connect-logic-result | γὰρ | 1 | For | Peter and John are using the word For to introduce the reason why the council needs to judge whether it would be right for them to obey the council rather than God. Alternate translation: “The reason why you must judge whom we should obey is that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
589 | ACT | 4 | 20 | hf3u | figs-exclusive | ἡμεῖς…εἴδαμεν καὶ ἠκούσαμεν | 1 | we … we have seen and heard | Peter and John are using the word we to refer to themselves but not to their listeners, so use the exclusive form of the word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
590 | ACT | 4 | 20 | a285 | figs-doublenegatives | οὐ δυνάμεθα…ἡμεῖς…μὴ λαλεῖν | 1 | we are not able not to speak | You could state the meaning of this double negative positively. Alternate translation: “we must speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
591 | ACT | 4 | 21 | y5y1 | writing-pronouns | οἱ δὲ προσαπειλησάμενοι ἀπέλυσαν αὐτούς | 1 | having warned them further, they released them | The pronoun them refers in both instances to Peter and John, and the pronoun they refers to the council members. It may be helpful to your readers to clarify this. Alternate translation: “having warned Peter and John further, the council members released them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
592 | ACT | 4 | 21 | z2bx | figs-explicit | διὰ τὸν λαόν | 1 | on account of the people | The implication is that the Jewish leaders were afraid that the people would riot if they punished Peter and John. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “They were afraid that if they did punish Peter and John, the people would riot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
593 | ACT | 4 | 21 | jbl6 | figs-hyperbole | πάντες ἐδόξαζον τὸν Θεὸν | 1 | they were all glorifying God | Here, all is a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “large numbers of them were glorifying God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
594 | ACT | 4 | 22 | gy8d | writing-background | ἐτῶν γὰρ ἦν πλειόνων τεσσεράκοντα ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ἐφ’ ὃν γεγόνει τὸ σημεῖον τοῦτο τῆς ἰάσεως | 1 | For the man to whom this sign of healing had happened was more than 40 years old | In this verse, Luke provides background information about the age of the man who was healed to help readers understand why the people considered his healing such a remarkable miracle. In your translation, present this background information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
595 | ACT | 4 | 22 | a286 | grammar-connect-logic-result | γὰρ | 1 | For | Luke is using the word For to introduce the reason why the people were glorifying God. Alternate translation: “The people were glorifying God because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
596 | ACT | 4 | 22 | ju4w | figs-personification | ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ἐφ’ ὃν γεγόνει τὸ σημεῖον τοῦτο τῆς ἰάσεως | 1 | the man to whom this sign of healing had happened | Luke is speaking figuratively as if the healing had happened on its own. Alternate translation: “the man whom Peter and John had miraculously healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
597 | ACT | 4 | 22 | a287 | figs-possession | τὸ σημεῖον τοῦτο τῆς ἰάσεως | 1 | this sign of healing | Luke is using the possessive form to describe a sign that consisted of a healing. The word sign has the same sense here that it has in the phrase “wonders and signs” in 2:22 and 2:43. It means a miracle. Alternate translation: “this miraculous healing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
598 | ACT | 4 | 23 | a288 | figs-activepassive | ἀπολυθέντες | 1 | having been released | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “after the council members had released Peter and John” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
599 | ACT | 4 | 23 | a289 | figs-go | ἦλθον πρὸς τοὺς ἰδίους | 1 | they came to their own people | In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of came. Alternate translation: “they went to their own people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) |
600 | ACT | 4 | 23 | j2cx | figs-explicit | τοὺς ἰδίους | 1 | their own people | The phrase their own people refers to the community of believers in Jesus. Alternate translation: “the other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
601 | ACT | 4 | 23 | a290 | figs-merism | οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι | 1 | the chief priests and the elders | As Peter does in 4:8, here Luke is referring to the entire council by naming its two components. Alternate translation: “the members of the Sanhedrin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) |
602 | ACT | 4 | 24 | j3ap | writing-pronouns | οἱ…ἀκούσαντες…ἦραν | 1 | having heard, they raised | The phrase having heard refers to the other believers, but the pronoun they seems to include Peter and John as well, since those who pray ask for boldness to keep speaking the message about Jesus (4:29). It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “when the other believers heard this report, together with Peter and John they raised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
603 | ACT | 4 | 24 | a291 | ἦραν φωνὴν | 1 | they raised their voice | Since Luke is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of voice. Alternate translation: “they raised their voices” | |
604 | ACT | 4 | 24 | zu28 | figs-idiom | ἦραν φωνὴν | 1 | they raised their voice | The expression they raised their voice is an idiom that means they spoke loudly. Alternate translation: “they prayed loudly” or “they prayed out loud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
605 | ACT | 4 | 24 | a292 | ὁμοθυμαδὸν | 1 | unanimously | The word unanimously indicates that the apostles and other believers shared a common commitment and purpose and that there was no strife among them. See how you translated the same expression in 1:14. Alternate translation: “with one accord” or “harmoniously” | |
606 | ACT | 4 | 24 | a293 | figs-youformal | σὺ | 1 | you | The word you is singular, and it refers to God. The same is true of the words “you” and “your” in 4:25–30. You may have decided to use a formal form of “you” in your translation in such cases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youformal]]) |
607 | ACT | 4 | 24 | a160 | figs-merism | ποιήσας τὸν οὐρανὸν, καὶ τὴν γῆν, καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς | 1 | who made the heaven and the earth and the sea and all that is in them | The believers are referring to all of creation by naming its components. Alternate translation: “who created everything that exists” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) |
608 | ACT | 4 | 24 | a294 | τὸν οὐρανὸν | 1 | the heaven | The believers are using the word translated heaven in one of its specific senses to mean the sky. Alternate translation: “the sky” | |
609 | ACT | 4 | 25 | ka83 | figs-metonymy | ὁ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν, διὰ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου στόματος Δαυεὶδ παιδός σου εἰπών | 1 | the one who said by the Holy Spirit from the mouth of our father David, your servant | The word mouth refers figuratively to what David said by using his mouth. Alternate translation: “the one whose Holy Spirit inspired our father David, your servant, to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
610 | ACT | 4 | 25 | vc5z | figs-quotesinquotes | τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν, διὰ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου στόματος Δαυεὶδ παιδός σου εἰπών, ἵνα τί ἐφρύαξαν ἔθνη, καὶ λαοὶ ἐμελέτησαν κενά? | 1 | who said by the Holy Spirit from the mouth of our father David, your servant, ‘Why did the Gentiles rage, and the peoples imagine useless things?’ | As the believers pray together, they quote from one of the psalms that David composed, Psalm 2:1–2. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “whose Holy Spirit inspired our father David, your servant, to ask why the nations raged and why the peoples imagined useless things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
611 | ACT | 4 | 25 | a295 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | our | The believers are using the word our to refer to themselves but not to God, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
612 | ACT | 4 | 25 | kat6 | figs-metaphor | τοῦ πατρὸς | 1 | father | Here, father figuratively means “ancestor.” Alternate translation: “ancestor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
613 | ACT | 4 | 25 | a296 | παιδός | 1 | servant | The believers are using the word servant here in its ordinary sense, not as a title for the Messiah, so it would not be appropriate to translate it as “Messiah,” as you may have done when it was a title in 3:13 and 3:26. | |
614 | ACT | 4 | 25 | a297 | figs-ellipsis | ἵνα τί ἐφρύαξαν ἔθνη, καὶ λαοὶ ἐμελέτησαν κενά | 1 | Why did the Gentiles rage, and the peoples imagine useless things | Here some words have been left out that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “Why did the nations rage, and why did the peoples imagine useless things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
615 | ACT | 4 | 25 | a298 | figs-parallelism | ἵνα τί ἐφρύαξαν ἔθνη, καὶ λαοὶ ἐμελέτησαν κενά | 1 | Why did the Gentiles rage, and the peoples imagine useless things | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if the repetition might be confusing, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Why did the nations rage, indeed, why did the peoples imagine useless things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
616 | ACT | 4 | 25 | f1x6 | figs-rquestion | ἵνα τί ἐφρύαξαν ἔθνη, καὶ λαοὶ ἐμελέτησαν κενά? | 1 | Why did the Gentiles rage, and the peoples imagine useless things? | In this psalm, David uses the question form to emphasize the futility of opposing God. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “The nations should not have raged, and the peoples should not have imagined useless things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
617 | ACT | 4 | 25 | h6rc | translate-names | ἔθνη | 1 | the Gentiles | The term nations refers to people groups that are not Jewish. Alternate translation: “the Gentiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
618 | ACT | 4 | 25 | w622 | figs-explicit | κενά | 1 | useless things | The phrase useless things implicitly describes plans to oppose God, which can never succeed. Alternate translation: “ways to oppose God, which always prove useless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
619 | ACT | 4 | 26 | fb5a | figs-quotesinquotes | παρέστησαν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες συνήχθησαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ κατὰ τοῦ Κυρίου, καὶ κατὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ | 1 | The kings of the earth took their stand and the rulers were gathered to the same against the Lord and against his Christ | This is the rest of the quotation from Psalm 2 that the believers started in 4:25. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “David said that the kings of the earth had taken their stand and the rulers had gathered to the same against the Lord and against his Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
620 | ACT | 4 | 26 | w2by | figs-parallelism | παρέστησαν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες συνήχθησαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ | 1 | The kings of the earth took their stand and the rulers were gathered to the same | In keeping with the conventions of Hebrew poetry, these two phrases mean basically the same thing. If the repetition might be confusing for your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “The kings of the earth took their stand, yes, the rulers were gathered to the same” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
621 | ACT | 4 | 26 | w64b | figs-idiom | παρέστησαν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς | 1 | The kings of the earth took their stand | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The kings of the earth lined up their troops for battle” or “The kings of the earth formed their battle lines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
622 | ACT | 4 | 26 | a299 | figs-activepassive | οἱ ἄρχοντες συνήχθησαν | 1 | the rulers were gathered | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the rulers gathered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
623 | ACT | 4 | 26 | a300 | ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ | 1 | to the same | See the discussion of this phrase in Part 3 of the Introduction to Acts. Here it could mean “by agreement” or “in the same place.” You could use either phrase as an alternate translation. | |
624 | ACT | 4 | 26 | yv19 | figs-explicit | τοῦ Κυρίου…τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ | 1 | the Lord … his Christ | Here the word Lord refers to God and the word Christ refers to the Messiah. Alternate translation: “God the Lord … his Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
625 | ACT | 4 | 27 | a301 | translate-names | Ἡρῴδης | 1 | Herod | Herod is the name of a man. He was the official whom the Romans appointed to rule Galilee during the time of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
626 | ACT | 4 | 27 | a302 | translate-names | Πόντιος Πειλᾶτος | 1 | Pontius Pilate | This is the full name of the man who was the governor of Judea during the time of Jesus. See how you translated the name Pilate in 3:13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
627 | ACT | 4 | 27 | b1g9 | figs-activepassive | συνήχθησαν | 1 | were gathered together | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “gathered together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
628 | ACT | 4 | 27 | nuc1 | figs-explicit | ἐν τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ | 1 | in this city | The phrase this city refers to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “here in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
629 | ACT | 4 | 27 | ca33 | παῖδά | 1 | Servant | Here the word Servant is a title for the Messiah. See the discussion of that term in the General Notes to chapter 3, and see how you translated it in 3:13 and 3:26. Alternate translation: “Messiah” | |
630 | ACT | 4 | 27 | a303 | figs-metaphor | ὃν ἔχρισας | 1 | whom you anointed | In the Old Testament, ceremonial oil was poured on a person who was being given the authority to assume an office or to do a special task. The believers are speaking figuratively of anointing to indicate that God appointed Jesus to be the Messiah. Alternate translation: “whom you appointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
631 | ACT | 4 | 28 | yz7m | figs-metonymy | ὅσα ἡ χείρ σου, καὶ ἡ βουλὴ σου προώρισεν γενέσθαι | 1 | all that your hand and your counsel had predetermined to happen | Here, hand figuratively means God’s power and counsel figuratively means God’s plan. Alternate translation: “all that your power and your plan had predetermined to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
632 | ACT | 4 | 28 | a304 | figs-hendiadys | ὅσα ἡ χείρ σου, καὶ ἡ βουλὴ σου προώρισεν γενέσθαι | 1 | all that your hand and your counsel had predetermined to happen | The words hand and counsel, joined by and, are expressing a single idea. The word hand, meaning “power,” tells by what means God intended to carry out his counsel, that is, his plan. Alternate translation: “all that you planned in advance to make happen by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
633 | ACT | 4 | 28 | a305 | figs-personification | ὅσα ἡ χείρ σου, καὶ ἡ βουλὴ σου προώρισεν γενέσθαι | 1 | all that your hand and your counsel had predetermined to happen | The believers are speaking figuratively of God’s hand and his counsel (that is, his power and his plan) as if they had predetermined what would happen to Jesus. They mean that God himself had done this. Alternate translation: “all that you planned in advance to make happen by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
634 | ACT | 4 | 29 | b38z | καὶ τὰ νῦν | 1 | And now | The believers use the expression And now to direct God’s attention to the request they are making in light of what they have said to this point in their prayer. In your translation, use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for this same purpose. | |
635 | ACT | 4 | 29 | t5qm | figs-idiom | ἔπιδε ἐπὶ τὰς ἀπειλὰς αὐτῶν | 1 | look upon their threats | The phrase look upon is an idiomatic way of asking God to pay attention to the threats that the Jewish leaders have made against the believers. Alternate translation: “pay attention to the threats they have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
636 | ACT | 4 | 29 | a306 | figs-123person | τοῖς δούλοις σου | 1 | to your servants | The believers are speaking of themselves in the third person. If that would be confusing to your readers, you can use the first person in your translation. Alternate translation: “to us, your servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
637 | ACT | 4 | 29 | zh7j | figs-metonymy | τὸν λόγον σου | 1 | your word | The believers are using the term word figuratively to mean the message about Jesus that God has told them to share by using words. Alternate translation: “the message about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
638 | ACT | 4 | 29 | a307 | figs-abstractnouns | μετὰ παρρησίας πάσης | 1 | with all boldness | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word boldness, you could express the same idea with an adverb such as “boldly.” The word all is an intensifier. Alternate translation: “very boldly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
639 | ACT | 4 | 30 | x9r1 | figs-metonymy | ἐν τῷ τὴν χεῖρά σου, ἐκτείνειν σε εἰς ἴασιν, καὶ σημεῖα, καὶ τέρατα, γίνεσθαι | 1 | as you stretch out your hand to heal and for signs and wonders to happen | Here the hand figuratively represents God’s power. To stretch out the hand means to use it. So this is a prayer for God to do powerful things. Alternate translation: “as you do powerful things to heal people and to make signs and wonders happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
640 | ACT | 4 | 30 | a308 | figs-doublet | σημεῖα, καὶ τέρατα | 1 | signs and wonders | The terms signs and wonders mean similar things. Luke is using them together for emphasis. See how you translated the similar expression in 2:43. Alternate translation: “great miracles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
641 | ACT | 4 | 30 | t5uw | figs-metonymy | διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος | 1 | through the name | Here, name refers figuratively to authority. Alternate translation: “by the authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
642 | ACT | 4 | 30 | txb5 | τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ ἁγίου παιδός σου, Ἰησοῦ | 1 | the name of your holy Servant Jesus | Here the word Servant is a title for the Messiah. See the discussion of that term in the General Notes to chapter 3, and see how you translated it in 3:13, 3:26, and 4:27. Alternate translation: “the name of Jesus, your holy Messiah” | |
643 | ACT | 4 | 31 | a309 | writing-endofstory | καὶ | 1 | And | This verse is the end of the whole story of how the lame man was healed and how Peter and John were arrested as a result. Luke uses the word translated And to introduce information about what happened after the story as a result of the events within the story itself. Your language may have its own way of indicating how such information relates to a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) |
644 | ACT | 4 | 31 | a310 | figs-activepassive | ἐν ᾧ ἦσαν συνηγμένοι | 1 | in which they were gathered together | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “where they had gathered together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
645 | ACT | 4 | 31 | x9b3 | figs-activepassive | ἐσαλεύθη | 1 | was shaken | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “shook” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
646 | ACT | 4 | 31 | ps3m | figs-activepassive | ἐπλήσθησαν ἅπαντες τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος | 1 | they were all filled with the Holy Spirit | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. See how you translated the same expression in 2:4. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit filled them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
647 | ACT | 4 | 31 | a311 | figs-metaphor | ἐπλήσθησαν ἅπαντες τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος | 1 | they were all filled with the Holy Spirit | Luke is speaking figuratively as if the believers were containers that the Holy Spirit filled. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit inspired them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
648 | ACT | 4 | 31 | a312 | figs-metonymy | τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | the word of God | Luke is using the term word figuratively to mean the message that God wanted the believers to share by using words. Alternate translation: “the message from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
649 | ACT | 4 | 31 | a313 | figs-abstractnouns | μετὰ παρρησίας | 1 | with boldness | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word boldness, you could express the same idea with an adverb such as “boldly.” Alternate translation: “boldly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
650 | ACT | 4 | 32 | a314 | grammar-connect-time-background | δὲ | 1 | Now | Luke uses the word Now to introduce background information in 4:32–37 that will help readers understand further episodes in the story. These verses introduce Barnabas, who will be an important character in the book, and they also help account for what happens to Ananias and Sapphira in the next chapter. You can translate the word Now with a term or phrase that serves the same purpose in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) |
651 | ACT | 4 | 32 | xu3j | figs-metonymy | ἦν καρδία καὶ ψυχὴ μία | 1 | was one in heart and soul | Here the word heart seems to represent the emotions and the word soul seems to represent the desires. Alternate translation: “thought the same way and desired the same things” or see the next note for a further possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
652 | ACT | 4 | 32 | a315 | figs-doublet | ἦν καρδία καὶ ψυχὴ μία | 1 | was one in heart and soul | The terms heart and soul mean similar things, and Luke may be using them together for emphasis. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine the terms in your translation. Alternate translation: “was genuinely united” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
653 | ACT | 4 | 32 | a316 | τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ | 1 | of the things that were to him | Alternate translation: “of the things that he owned” | |
654 | ACT | 4 | 32 | zyp5 | figs-hyperbole | ἦν αὐτοῖς πάντα κοινά | 1 | everything was common to them | The word everything may be a generalization that emphasizes the powerful spirit of generosity among the believers. See how you translated the similar expression in 2:44. Alternate translation: “they shared their belongings with one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
655 | ACT | 4 | 33 | a317 | figs-abstractnouns | τῆς ἀναστάσεως τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ | 1 | of the resurrection of the Lord Jesus | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word resurrection, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “alive.” Alternate translation: “of how God made the Lord Jesus alive again after he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
656 | ACT | 4 | 33 | a318 | writing-pronouns | χάρις τε μεγάλη ἦν ἐπὶ πάντας αὐτούς | 1 | great grace was upon them all | The pronoun them refers back to “the multitude of those who believed” in 4:32. It does not refer just to the apostles, who are mentioned in this verse. Alternate translation: “great grace was upon all of the believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
657 | ACT | 4 | 33 | d8dr | figs-abstractnouns | χάρις τε μεγάλη ἦν ἐπὶ πάντας αὐτούς | 1 | great grace was upon them all | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word grace, you could express the same idea with an equivalent expression. The word could describe: (1) how God was blessing the believers. Alternate translation: “God was blessing all of the believers in wonderful ways” (2) how the people in Jerusalem held the believers in high esteem. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem thought very highly of all the believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
658 | ACT | 4 | 34 | a331 | translate-versebridge | οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐνδεής τις ἦν ἐν αὐτοῖς | 1 | For there was not anyone needy among them | This statement expresses the result of the rest of what Luke says in this verse and what he says in the next verse. If your readers would misunderstand this to put this result after the reasons for it, you could create a verse bridge by moving this statement to the end of the next verse and beginning it with the word “So” instead of For. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) |
659 | ACT | 4 | 34 | a319 | grammar-connect-logic-result | γὰρ | 1 | For | Luke uses the word For in its first instance in this verse to introduce the evidence or reason for his statement at the end of the previous verse that “great grace was upon them all.” The meaning here depends on the meaning there. Alternate translation: (1) “The way God was blessing the believers could be seen in the fact that” or (2) “One thing that made the people think very highly of the believers was that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
660 | ACT | 4 | 34 | a320 | grammar-connect-logic-result | γὰρ | 2 | for | Luke uses the word for in its second instance in this verse to introduce the reason why no one in the community of believers was needy. Alternate translation: “and the reason for this was that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
661 | ACT | 4 | 34 | gw3v | figs-hyperbole | ὅσοι γὰρ κτήτορες χωρίων ἢ οἰκιῶν ὑπῆρχον | 1 | all who were owners of lands or houses | The word all is a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “many believers who owned lands or houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
662 | ACT | 4 | 34 | l938 | figs-activepassive | τὰς τιμὰς τῶν πιπρασκομένων | 1 | the price of the things being sold | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the money that they received from the things they sold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
663 | ACT | 4 | 35 | a321 | translate-symaction | ἐτίθουν παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τῶν ἀποστόλων | 1 | they were laying it at the feet of the apostles | The expression laying it at the feet indicates that believers who sold possessions were putting the money they got on the ground in front of the apostles. In this culture, that was a symbolic way of presenting it to them as a gift to be used to help others in the community. If there is a comparable symbolic action in your culture, you could use that in your translation. You could also use a general expression. Alternate translation: “they were presenting it to the apostles” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction) |
664 | ACT | 4 | 35 | vv4z | translate-symaction | ἐτίθουν παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τῶν ἀποστόλων | 1 | they were laying it at the feet of the apostles | In this culture, putting the money on the ground in front of the apostles was a symbolic way of presenting it to them as a gift to be used to help others in the community. If there is a comparable symbolic action in your culture, you could use that in your translation. You could also use a general expression. Alternate translation: “they were presenting it to the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
665 | ACT | 4 | 35 | a322 | figs-activepassive | διεδίδετο | 1 | it was being distributed | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the apostles were distributing it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
666 | ACT | 4 | 35 | ps4s | figs-abstractnouns | ἑκάστῳ, καθότι ἄν τις χρείαν εἶχεν | 1 | to each one, according as anyone had need | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word need, you could express the same idea with a verb such as “need.” Alternate translation: “to every person in the amount that he needed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
667 | ACT | 4 | 36 | uc2a | writing-participants | Ἰωσὴφ δὲ | 1 | Then Joseph | Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
668 | ACT | 4 | 36 | a323 | translate-names | Ἰωσὴφ…Βαρναβᾶς | 1 | Joseph … Barnabas | Joseph and Barnabas are two names for the same man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
669 | ACT | 4 | 36 | a324 | figs-activepassive | ὁ ἐπικληθεὶς Βαρναβᾶς, ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποστόλων | 1 | who was called Barnabas by the apostles | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “whom the apostles called Barnabas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
670 | ACT | 4 | 36 | a325 | figs-activepassive | ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον, υἱὸς παρακλήσεως | 1 | which, being translated, is Son of Encouragement | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express the meaning of the passive verbal form being translated with an active form. Alternate translation: “which means Son of Encouragement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
671 | ACT | 4 | 36 | a326 | figs-explicit | ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον, υἱὸς παρακλήσεως | 1 | which, being translated, is Son of Encouragement | Luke assumes that his readers will know that he is saying what the name Barnabas means when translated from the Aramaic language. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “which means Son of Encouragement in Aramaic” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
672 | ACT | 4 | 36 | nr4v | figs-idiom | υἱὸς παρακλήσεως | 1 | Son of Encouragement | The expression Son of figuratively describes a person who shares the qualities of something. The apostles used this name to describe Joseph’s behavior and character, since he was a person who encouraged others. Alternate translation: “the Encourager” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
673 | ACT | 4 | 36 | a327 | figs-abstractnouns | υἱὸς παρακλήσεως | 1 | Son of Encouragement | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word Encouragement, you could express the same idea with a verb such as “encourage.” Alternate translation: “the One who Encourages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
674 | ACT | 4 | 36 | a328 | translate-names | Λευείτης | 1 | a Levite | The name Levite describes a person from the tribe of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
675 | ACT | 4 | 36 | a329 | translate-names | Κύπριος | 1 | Cyprus | Cyprus is the name of an island. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
676 | ACT | 4 | 37 | a330 | ὑπάρχοντος αὐτῷ | 1 | that was to him | See how you translated the similar expression in 4:32. Alternate translation: “that he owned” | |
677 | ACT | 4 | 37 | gtv5 | translate-symaction | ἔθηκεν παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τῶν ἀποστόλων | 1 | laid it at the feet of the apostles | See how you translated the similar expression in 4:35. Alternate translation: “presented it to the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
678 | ACT | 5 | intro | k2uh | 0 | Acts 5 General NotesSpecial concepts in this chapter“Why has Satan filled your heart for you to lie to the Holy Spirit?” (5:3)No one knows for sure whether Ananias and Sapphira were truly Christians when they decided to lie about the land that they sold (5:1-10), because Luke does not say. However, Peter knew that they lied to the believers, and he knew that they had listened to and obeyed Satan. When they lied to the believers, they also lied to the Holy Spirit. This is because the Holy Spirit lives inside believers. Possible translation difficulties in this chapterLong sentencesActs 5:36 consists of a single long sentence. ULT represents all of it as a single sentence. It may be helpful to your readers to divide it into several sentences, as UST does. There is also a long sentence that goes from the beginning of 5:38 to nearly the end of 5:39. In this case as well it may be helpful to your readers to divide it into several sentences, as UST does. | |||
679 | ACT | 5 | 1 | v27a | writing-participants | ἀνὴρ δέ τις | 1 | Now a certain man | Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
680 | ACT | 5 | 1 | ysl9 | translate-names | Ἁνανίας | 1 | Ananias | Ananias is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
681 | ACT | 5 | 1 | a332 | writing-participants | σὺν Σαπφείρῃ τῇ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ | 1 | with Sapphira his wife | Luke uses this phrase to introduce another new character into the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
682 | ACT | 5 | 1 | a333 | translate-names | Σαπφείρῃ | 1 | Sapphria | Sapphira is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
683 | ACT | 5 | 2 | a334 | figs-explicit | ἐνοσφίσατο ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς | 1 | he kept back from the price | The implication, as the story later makes clear, is that Ananias did not tell anyone except his wife that he was keeping some of the money for himself. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly, and you could say why he did this. Alternate translation: “he kept some of the money from the sale for himself, but he did not admit that he was doing that, because he wanted everyone to think he was being completely generous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
684 | ACT | 5 | 2 | xm1t | συνειδυίης καὶ τῆς γυναικός, καὶ ἐνέγκας μέρος τι…ἔθηκεν | 1 | his wife also knowing, and bringing a certain portion, he laid | It may be helpful to make two new sentences here, particularly if you add information to the previous phrase as suggested in the preceding note. Alternate translation: “His wife also knew that he was keeping back part of the sale money. He brought a certain portion of the money and laid it” | |
685 | ACT | 5 | 2 | dy8b | figs-idiom | παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τῶν ἀποστόλων ἔθηκεν | 1 | he laid it at the feet of the apostles | This means that he presented to money to the apostles. See how you translated the same expression in 4:37. Alternate translation: “he presented it to the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
686 | ACT | 5 | 3 | grr9 | figs-rquestion | διὰ τί ἐπλήρωσεν ὁ Σατανᾶς τὴν καρδίαν σου, ψεύσασθαί σε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, καὶ νοσφίσασθαι ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς τοῦ χωρίου? | 1 | why has Satan filled your heart for you to lie to the Holy Spirit and to keep back from the price of the land? | Peter is using the question form to rebuke Ananias. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “you should not have let Satan fill your heart so that you lied to the Holy Spirit and kept back from the price of the land!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
687 | ACT | 5 | 3 | pqd4 | figs-metaphor | διὰ τί ἐπλήρωσεν ὁ Σατανᾶς τὴν καρδίαν σου | 1 | why has Satan filled your heart | Peter is speaking figuratively of the heart of Ananias as if it were a container that Satan had filled. Alternate translation: “why have you allowed Satan to influence your heart so strongly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
688 | ACT | 5 | 3 | a335 | figs-metaphor | τὴν καρδίαν σου | 1 | your heart | Here, the heart figuratively represents the thoughts and motives. Alternate translation: “your thoughts and motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
689 | ACT | 5 | 3 | a426 | figs-events | ψεύσασθαί σε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, καὶ νοσφίσασθαι ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς τοῦ χωρίου | 1 | for you to lie to the Holy Spirit and to keep back from the price of the land | Ananais first withheld some of the money, then he lied to the Holy Spirit about this by pretending he was giving all of the money. To make this clear in your translation, it may be helpful to describe the events in that order. Alternate translation: “for you to keep back from the price of the land and lie to the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) |
690 | ACT | 5 | 3 | zz5u | figs-metonymy | ψεύσασθαί σε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον | 1 | for you to lie to the Holy Spirit | Ananias did not lie literally to the Holy Spirit, but he did lie to the apostles and to all of the believers who would have learned about his gift, and the Holy Spirit was present in them. So by lying to them, he was effectively also lying to the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “for you to lie to the Holy Spirit, who is present in us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
691 | ACT | 5 | 3 | a336 | figs-explicit | καὶ νοσφίσασθαι ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς | 1 | and to keep back from the price of the land | The implication of what Peter says here is that Ananias claimed or pretended that he was giving the entire amount that he had received from selling his land. Alternate translation: “by pretendng that you were giving us the entire amount when you had kept back some for yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
692 | ACT | 5 | 4 | vu7g | figs-rquestion | οὐχὶ μένον σοὶ ἔμενεν, καὶ πραθὲν ἐν τῇ σῇ ἐξουσίᾳ ὑπῆρχεν? | 1 | While it remained, did it not remain yours, and being sold, was it not in your authority? | Peter continues to use the question form to rebuke Ananias. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: “While it remained, it remained yours, and after it was sold, it was still in your authority.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
693 | ACT | 5 | 4 | vi8w | ἔμενεν | 1 | While it remained | Alternate translation: “While it remained unsold” or “Before you sold it” | |
694 | ACT | 5 | 4 | k7nc | figs-activepassive | πραθὲν | 1 | being sold | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “once you had sold it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
695 | ACT | 5 | 4 | a337 | writing-pronouns | ἐν τῇ σῇ ἐξουσίᾳ ὑπῆρχεν | 1 | was it not in your authority | The pronoun it refers to the money that Ananias received from the sale of the land. Alternate translation, as a statement: “you could still do whatever you wanted with the money you received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
696 | ACT | 5 | 4 | a338 | writing-pronouns | ἐν τῇ σῇ ἐξουσίᾳ ὑπῆρχεν | 1 | was it not in your authority | The implications are that Ananias was not obligated to give all of the money to the apostles. He was free to keep some if he wished or if he needed it. He could simply have acknowledged that he was doing that, and giving the rest of the money would still have been a generous act because there was no compulsion. Alternate translation, as a statement: “you could have kept some and acknowledged that and you would have still been making a generous gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
697 | ACT | 5 | 4 | i5dw | figs-rquestion | τί ὅτι ἔθου ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου τὸ πρᾶγμα τοῦτο? | 1 | How is it that you placed this thing in your heart? | Peter continues to use the question form to rebuke Ananias. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not have placed this thing in your heart!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
698 | ACT | 5 | 4 | a339 | figs-metaphor | τί ὅτι ἔθου ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου τὸ πρᾶγμα τοῦτο? | 1 | How is it that you placed this thing in your heart? | Here, the heart figuratively represents the thoughts. Alternate translation, as an exclamation: “You should not have placed this thing in your thoughts!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
699 | ACT | 5 | 4 | a340 | figs-metaphor | τί ὅτι ἔθου ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου τὸ πρᾶγμα τοῦτο? | 1 | How is it that you placed this thing in your heart? | Peter speaks figuratively of this thing, that is, the plan to keep back some of the money, as if Ananias had placed it in his heart, meaning his thoughts. Alternate translation, as an exclamation: “You should not even have thought of doing such a thing!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
700 | ACT | 5 | 4 | a341 | figs-metonymy | οὐκ ἐψεύσω ἀνθρώποις, ἀλλὰ τῷ Θεῷ | 1 | You have not lied to men, but to God | Ananaias actually has lied to men, but Peter is speaking of the ultimate implications of his act. As in the previous verse, where Peter says that Ananias has lied to the Holy Spirit, here he means that Ananias has lied to the apostles and other believers, and God is present in them. So by lying to them, he has effectively also lied to God. Alternate translation: “You have not lied merely to men, but also to God, who is present in us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
701 | ACT | 5 | 4 | a342 | figs-gendernotations | ἀνθρώποις | 1 | to men | Peter is using the term men in a generic sense to mean “human beings.” Alternate translation: “to human beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
702 | ACT | 5 | 5 | a343 | figs-metonymy | ἀκούων δὲ…τοὺς λόγους τούτους | 1 | And hearing these words | Luke is using the term words figuratively to mean what Peter used words to say. Alternate translation: “When he heard what Peter said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
703 | ACT | 5 | 5 | cc5y | figs-euphemism | πεσὼν ἐξέψυξεν | 1 | falling down, expired | The word translated expired means that Ananias “breathed out for the last time.” It is a mild way of saying that he died. Alternate translation: “fell down and died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
704 | ACT | 5 | 5 | a344 | figs-events | πεσὼν ἐξέψυξεν | 1 | falling down, expired | Ananias fell down because he died. He did not die because he fell down. To make this clear in your translation, it may be helpful to say first that he died and then that he fell. Alternate translation: “died and fell to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) |
705 | ACT | 5 | 5 | a345 | figs-personification | ἐγένετο φόβος μέγας ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς ἀκούοντας | 1 | great fear came upon all who heard | Luke describes this fear figuratively as if it were a living thing that could come onto people. Here the word fear describes a deep respect for God. Alternate translation: “everyone who heard about it came to feel a very deep respect for God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
706 | ACT | 5 | 6 | a346 | figs-idiom | ἀναστάντες δὲ, οἱ νεώτεροι συνέστειλαν αὐτὸν | 1 | rising up, the young men wrapped him up | Here the expression rising up means that the young men took an action that they recognized they needed to take. It does not mean that they stood up from a seated position. Alternate translation: “the young men took action and wrapped him up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
707 | ACT | 5 | 6 | a347 | figs-explicit | οἱ νεώτεροι | 1 | the young men | This could refer to: (1) some strong young men who were present who realized that burying Ananias was a task they could help with. Alternate translation: “some strong young men who were present” (2) a group of young men among the believers who regularly helped the apostles with tasks that required physical strength. Alternate translation: “the young men who regularly helped the apostles with physical tasks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
708 | ACT | 5 | 6 | a348 | translate-unknown | συνέστειλαν αὐτὸν | 1 | wrapped him up | It was the custom in this culture to wrap linen cloths around the bodies of people who had died, in order to prepare the bodies for burial. If your readers would not be familiar with such a custom, you could describe it more specifically, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “wrapped a linen burial cloth around his body” or “prepared his body for burial” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
709 | ACT | 5 | 7 | a349 | figs-idiom | ἐγένετο δὲ ὡς ὡρῶν τριῶν διάστημα, καὶ | 1 | And an interval of about three hours happened, and | This is an idiomatic way of speaking about time passing. Your language may have its own way of describing that. Alternate translation: “After about three hours had gone by,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
710 | ACT | 5 | 7 | ry54 | writing-pronouns | ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ | 1 | his wife | The pronoun his refers to Ananias. Alternate translation: “the wife of Ananias” or “Sapphira” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
711 | ACT | 5 | 7 | k3c9 | figs-explicit | τὸ γεγονὸς | 1 | what had happened | If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly what this means. Alternate translation: “that Peter had exposed their lie and that her husband was dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
712 | ACT | 5 | 8 | a350 | ἀπεκρίθη…πρὸς αὐτὴν | 1 | said to her | The word translated said means to continue or resume a conversation. Alternate translation: “asked her, based on what her husband had said” | |
713 | ACT | 5 | 8 | a351 | figs-youdual | ἀπέδοσθε | 1 | you sold | Since Peter is speaking of two people, Ananaias and Sapphira, you would be dual if your language uses that form. Otherwise, it would be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) |
714 | ACT | 5 | 8 | bcf6 | figs-explicit | τοσούτου…ναί, τοσούτου | 1 | for so much … yes, for so much | This refers to the amount of money that Ananias had given to the apostles. Peter may be naming the amount or, as UST suggests, he may be showing Sapphira the money. Alternate translation: “for this amount of money … yes, for that amount of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
715 | ACT | 5 | 9 | v7sw | figs-rquestion | τί ὅτι συνεφωνήθη ὑμῖν πειράσαι τὸ Πνεῦμα Κυρίου? | 1 | How is it that it was agreed together by you to test the Spirit of the Lord? | Peter is using the question form to rebuke Sapphira. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not have agreed together to test the Spirit of the Lord!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
716 | ACT | 5 | 9 | hc22 | figs-activepassive | συνεφωνήθη ὑμῖν | 1 | it was agreed together by you | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “you agreed together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
717 | ACT | 5 | 9 | w1lb | figs-you | ὑμῖν…σου…σε | 1 | by you … your … you | The word you in its first instance refers to two people, Ananias and Sapphira, so it would be dual if your language uses that form. Otherwise, it would be plural. The word your and the word you in its second instance refer only to Sapphira, so those words are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
718 | ACT | 5 | 9 | pg1e | πειράσαι τὸ Πνεῦμα Κυρίου | 1 | to test the Spirit of the Lord | Here the word test means to challenge. Ananias and Sapphira were trying to see if they could get away with lying about how much they received for the land they sold. Alternate translation: “to challenge the Spirit of the Lord” | |
719 | ACT | 5 | 9 | a352 | figs-metonymy | πειράσαι τὸ Πνεῦμα Κυρίου | 1 | to test the Spirit of the Lord | Ananias and Sapphira actually tested or challenged the apostles, but Peter is speaking of the ultimate implications of their act, as he does similarly in 5:3 and 5:4. Since the Spirit of the Lord was present in the apostles, by challenging them, Ananias and Sapphira effectively lied to the Spirit. Alternate translation: “to test the Spirit of the Lord, who is present in us apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
720 | ACT | 5 | 9 | a353 | figs-metaphor | ἰδοὺ, οἱ πόδες | 1 | Behold, the feet | Peter says Behold to get Sapphira to focus her attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here in your translation. Alternate translation: “And now the feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
721 | ACT | 5 | 9 | xj1l | figs-metonymy | οἱ πόδες τῶν θαψάντων τὸν ἄνδρα σου ἐπὶ τῇ θύρᾳ | 1 | the feet of those who buried your husband are at the door | Peter is referring figuratively to the return of the young men who buried Ananaias. Their feet represent them by association with the way they are using their feet to walk back. The door represents their return by association with the way they will come through the door when they return. Alternate translation: “the young men who buried your husband are just now returning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
722 | ACT | 5 | 9 | a354 | figs-explicit | οἱ πόδες τῶν θαψάντων τὸν ἄνδρα σου ἐπὶ τῇ θύρᾳ | 1 | the feet of those who buried your husband are at the door | Peter is telling Sapphira implicitly that her husband died as a judgment from God when Peter confronted him with the lie about the price of the land. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “your husband died as a judgment from God when I confronted him with the lie you both told about the price of the land, and the young men who buried him are just now returning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
723 | ACT | 5 | 9 | a355 | figs-explicit | καὶ ἐξοίσουσίν σε | 1 | and they will carry you out | The implications are that Sapphira is also going to die and that the same young men will carry her out to bury her. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “You are also going to die as a judgment from God, and those same young men are going to carry you out and bury you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
724 | ACT | 5 | 10 | s7en | figs-euphemism | ἔπεσεν…πρὸς τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐξέψυξεν | 1 | she fell down at his feet and expired | The word translated expired means that Sapphira “breathed out for the last time.” It is a mild way of saying that she died. Alternate translation: “she fell down at his feet and died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
725 | ACT | 5 | 10 | a356 | figs-events | ἔπεσεν…πρὸς τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐξέψυξεν | 1 | she fell down at his feet and expired | Sapphira fell down because she died. She did not die because she fell down. To make this clear in your translation, it may be helpful to say first that she died and then that she fell. Alternate translation: “she died and fell down at his feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) |
726 | ACT | 5 | 10 | nwb9 | figs-metonymy | ἔπεσεν…πρὸς τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ | 1 | she fell down at his feet | This means that she fell to the ground in front of Peter. This expression should not be confused with the idea of “falling down at a person’s feet,” that is, bowing down to the ground in front of someone as a sign of humility. Alternate translation: “she collapsed onto the ground in front of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
727 | ACT | 5 | 10 | a357 | figs-explicit | οἱ νεανίσκοι | 1 | the young men | See how you translated this expression in 5:6. However, it may not be necessary to explain again here who these young men were in terms of their role in the community. Instead, you could identify them by their role in the story. Alternate translation: “the same young men who had buried Ananias” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
728 | ACT | 5 | 11 | vym8 | writing-endofstory | καὶ | 1 | And | This verse is the end of the story about Ananias and Sapphira. Luke uses the word translated And to introduce information about what happened after the story as a result of the events within the story itself. Your language may have its own way of indicating how such information relates to a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) |
729 | ACT | 5 | 11 | a358 | figs-personification | ἐγένετο φόβος μέγας ἐφ’ ὅλην τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, καὶ ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς ἀκούοντας ταῦτα | 1 | great fear came upon the whole church and upon all those hearing these things | Luke describes this fear figuratively as if it were a living thing that could come onto people. See how you translated the similar expression in 5:5. Alternate translation: “the whole church and everyone who heard about these things came to feel a very deep respect for God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
730 | ACT | 5 | 12 | c2e7 | grammar-connect-time-background | δὲ | 1 | And | Luke uses the word translated And to introduce background information in 5:12–16 that will help readers understand what happens next in the story. You can translate this word with a word or phrase that serves the same purpose in your language. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) |
731 | ACT | 5 | 12 | sri8 | figs-metonymy | διὰ…τῶν χειρῶν τῶν ἀποστόλων, ἐγίνετο σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα πολλὰ | 1 | many signs and wonders were happening through the hands of the apostles | Luke is using the hands of the apostles figuratively to represent their actions. Alternate translation: “the apostles were doing many signs and wonders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
732 | ACT | 5 | 12 | ux3n | figs-doublet | σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα | 1 | signs and wonders | The terms signs and wonders mean similar things. Luke is using them together for emphasis. See how you translated this expression in 4:30. Alternate translation: “great miracles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
733 | ACT | 5 | 12 | aud2 | writing-pronouns | ἦσαν…πάντες | 1 | they were all | The pronoun they refers to the whole community of believers. Alternate translation: “the whole community of believers was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
734 | ACT | 5 | 12 | a359 | ὁμοθυμαδὸν | 1 | unanimously | The word unanimously indicates that the apostles and other believers shared a common commitment and purpose and that there was no strife among them. See how you translated the same expression in 1:14. Alternate translation: “meeting together with one accord” or “meeting together harmoniously” | |
735 | ACT | 5 | 12 | k99k | translate-names | τῇ Στοᾷ Σολομῶντος | 1 | the Porch of Solomon | This was a covered walkway that consisted of rows of pillars that supported a roof. It was named after King Solomon. See how you translated the phrase “the porch that is called Solomon’s” in 3:11, which is a description of this same walkway. Alternate translation: “Solomon’s Porch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
736 | ACT | 5 | 13 | a360 | figs-explicit | τῶν…λοιπῶν, οὐδεὶς | 1 | none of the others | The expression the others refers to people who were not believers in Jesus. Alternate translation: “none of the people who were not believers in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
737 | ACT | 5 | 13 | a361 | figs-explicit | ἐτόλμα κολλᾶσθαι αὐτοῖς | 1 | dared to join them | If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly why no unbelievers dared to join them. The reason seems to be that the Jewish leaders had commanded the apostles not to speak or teach about Jesus (4:18), but they were still doing that. Later in this chapter, in 5:28, the Sanhedrin indicates that it has arrested the apostles for violating that command. Alternate translation: “would meet with them, because the apostles were still preaching about Jesus even though the Jewish leaders had commanded them not to do so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
738 | ACT | 5 | 14 | a362 | figs-metonymy | προσετίθεντο…τῷ Κυρίῳ | 1 | were being added to the Lord | Luke says the Lord figuratively to mean the community of people who believed in the Lord. Alternate translation: “were being added to the church” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
739 | ACT | 5 | 14 | m9wx | figs-activepassive | προσετίθεντο…τῷ Κυρίῳ | 1 | were being added to the Lord | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. See how you translated the similar expression in 2:41. Alternate translation: “were becoming part of the church” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
740 | ACT | 5 | 15 | a364 | grammar-connect-logic-result | ὥστε | 1 | so that | Luke says so that to introduce a result, but it is not the direct result of what he said just before, that many men and women became part of the church. It is the result of what he said in 5:12, that the apostles were doing “many signs and wonders.” All of 5:12–15 could be understood as a single sentence, and in that case what Luke says here would more clearly follow logically and grammatically from what he says in 5:12. However, ULT divides the material into several sentences, which is another way in which it can be understood. UST models a way to show how what Luke says here introduces a result of what he said in 5:12 about the “signs and wonders” that the apostles were doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
741 | ACT | 5 | 15 | l9bs | writing-pronouns | ἐκφέρειν | 1 | they … carried | The pronoun they refers to the people who lived in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “people who lived in Jerusalem … carried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
742 | ACT | 5 | 15 | a365 | figs-nominaladj | τοὺς ἀσθενεῖς | 1 | the sick | Luke is using the adjective sick as a noun in order to indicate a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who were sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
743 | ACT | 5 | 15 | a366 | figs-doublet | κλιναρίων καὶ κραβάττων | 1 | cots and mats | The words cots and mats mean similar things. Luke could be using them together for emphasis, although he could also be describing two different ways that people managed to make their sick relatives and friends reasonably comfortable as they waited in the streets for Peter to walk by. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine these terms in your translation. Alternate translation: “improvised beds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
744 | ACT | 5 | 15 | y2ev | figs-explicit | ἡ σκιὰ ἐπισκιάσῃ τινὶ αὐτῶν | 1 | his shadow might overshadow any one of them | The implication is that God was healing sick people whom Peter’s shadow touched. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “his shadow might overshadow any one of them and God would heal that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
745 | ACT | 5 | 15 | a367 | ἡ σκιὰ ἐπισκιάσῃ τινὶ αὐτῶν | 1 | his shadow might overshadow | Luke is using a construction in which the subject and verb come from the same root. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have its own way of describing this. Alternate translation: “his shadow might fall on” | |
746 | ACT | 5 | 16 | a368 | figs-nominaladj | ἀσθενεῖς | 1 | the sick | See how you translated the expression the sick in 5:15. Alternate translation: “people who were sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
747 | ACT | 5 | 16 | fu1a | figs-activepassive | ὀχλουμένους ὑπὸ πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων | 1 | those afflicted by unclean spirits | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “those whom unclean spirits were afflicting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
748 | ACT | 5 | 16 | lyc7 | figs-activepassive | οἵτινες ἐθεραπεύοντο ἅπαντες | 1 | who were all healed | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “and the apostles healed them all” or “and God used the apostles to heal them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
749 | ACT | 5 | 16 | a369 | figs-hyperbole | οἵτινες ἐθεραπεύοντο ἅπαντες | 1 | who were all healed | It does not appear that all is a generalization for emphasis in this case. So it would not be accurate to treat all as figurative and say something like “and large numbers of them were healed.” Luke is describing what remarkable things God did through the apostles at this time, and he does seem to mean that every sick person whom the people brought to Jerusalem was healed. So it would be appropriate to say in your translation just what ULT says here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
750 | ACT | 5 | 17 | x2ed | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | δὲ | 1 | But | Luke uses the word But to introduce a strong contrast into the story. Your language may have its own way of introducing a contrasting narrative. You could also refer back to the previous action in order to highlight the contrast. Alternate translation: “But even though the apostles were doing so much good,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
751 | ACT | 5 | 17 | f9ye | figs-events | ἀναστὰς…ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς καὶ πάντες οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ, ἡ οὖσα αἵρεσις τῶν Σαδδουκαίων, ἐπλήσθησαν ζήλου, | 1 | rising up, the high priest and all those with him (which is the sect of the Sadducees) were filled with jealousy | The high priest and these Sadducees were first filled with jealousy and then they rose up (took action) against the apostles. To make this clear in your translation, it may be helpful to describe the events in that order. Alternate translation: “the high priest and all those with him (which is the sect of the Sadducees) were filled with jealousy and they rose up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) |
752 | ACT | 5 | 17 | pc45 | figs-activepassive | ἀναστὰς…ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς καὶ πάντες οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ, ἡ οὖσα αἵρεσις τῶν Σαδδουκαίων, ἐπλήσθησαν ζήλου, | 1 | rising up, the high priest and all those with him (which is the sect of the Sadducees) were filled with jealousy | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an active verbal form instead of the passive form were filled. Alternate translation: “jealousy filled the high priest and all those with him (which is the sect of the Sadducees) and they rose up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
753 | ACT | 5 | 17 | a370 | figs-idiom | ἀναστὰς | 1 | rising up | Here the expression rising up means that the high priest decided to take action, not that he stood up from a seated position. Alternate translation: “taking action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
754 | ACT | 5 | 17 | a371 | figs-explicit | πάντες οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ, ἡ οὖσα αἵρεσις τῶν Σαδδουκαίων | 1 | all those with him (which is the sect of the Sadducees) | The phrase all those with him means specifically all the other priests who joined the high priest in taking action against the apostles. Luke observes here that those other priests were from the group known as the Sadducees. As a note to 4:1 explains, they opposed the apostles’ teaching because they did not believe in the resurrection. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and all of the priests from the group known as the Sadducees who wanted to oppose the apostles’ teaching because they did not believe in the resurrection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
755 | ACT | 5 | 17 | a372 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐπλήσθησαν ζήλου | 1 | were filled with jealousy | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word jealousy, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “jealous.” Alternate translation: “became very jealous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
756 | ACT | 5 | 17 | a373 | figs-metaphor | ἐπλήσθησαν ζήλου | 1 | were filled with jealousy | Luke is speaking figuratively as if the high priest and his allies were containers that jealousy filled. Alternate translation: “became very jealous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
757 | ACT | 5 | 18 | j58p | figs-metonymy | ἐπέβαλον τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀποστόλους | 1 | they laid hands on the apostles | The expression laid hands on figuratively means to arrest someone, by association with the way that arresting officers might physically take hold of a person with their hands. Alternate translation: “they arrested the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
758 | ACT | 5 | 18 | a374 | figs-synecdoche | ἐπέβαλον τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀποστόλους | 1 | they laid hands on the apostles | The high priest and his allies did not arrest the apostles personally. They would have ordered the temple guards to arrest them. But Luke speaks figuratively as if the high priest and his allies did this action because they had a significant part in it by ordering it. Alternate translation: “they had the temple guards arrest the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
759 | ACT | 5 | 19 | wd37 | writing-pronouns | ἐξαγαγών…αὐτοὺς | 1 | bringing them out | The pronoun them refers to the apostles. Alternate translation: “bringing the apostles out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
760 | ACT | 5 | 20 | qm16 | figs-explicit | ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ | 1 | in the temple | Only priests were allowed inside the temple building, so the temple means the courtyard around the temple. Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
761 | ACT | 5 | 20 | z1x3 | figs-metonymy | πάντα τὰ ῥήματα τῆς ζωῆς ταύτης | 1 | all the words of this life | The angel is using the term words figuratively to mean the message that the apostles were to share by using words. Alternate translation: “the entire message about this life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
762 | ACT | 5 | 20 | a375 | τῆς ζωῆς ταύτης | 1 | of this life | Alternate translation: “about the everlasting life that God gives through Jesus” or “about the new way of living that people can have as followers of Jesus” | |
763 | ACT | 5 | 21 | a376 | figs-idiom | ἀκούσαντες | 1 | having heard this | Luke may be using the word “hear” in an idiomatic sense to mean “obey.” Alternate translation: “in obedience to this command from the angel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
764 | ACT | 5 | 21 | df1u | figs-explicit | εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν | 1 | into the temple | Only priests were allowed inside the temple building, so the temple means the courtyard around the temple. Alternate translation: “into the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
765 | ACT | 5 | 21 | l7uf | figs-explicit | ὑπὸ τὸν ὄρθρον | 1 | about daybreak | The implication is that although the angel led the apostles out of the jail during the night, the sun was rising by the time they reached the temple courtyard. Alternate translation: “as it was beginning to get light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
766 | ACT | 5 | 21 | a377 | grammar-connect-time-simultaneous | δὲ | 1 | And | Luke is using the word translated And to introduce other events that took place around the same time as the events he has just described. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) |
767 | ACT | 5 | 21 | a378 | figs-explicit | παραγενόμενος | 1 | having arrived | This does not mean that the high priest and his allies arrived in the temple courtyard where the apostles were. Rather, it means that they went into the chamber where the Sanhedrin met so that they could summon the rest of its members to join them there. Alternate translation: “having arrived in the council chamber” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
768 | ACT | 5 | 21 | a379 | figs-explicit | τὸ Συνέδριον καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν Γερουσίαν τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ | 1 | the Sanhedrin, even all the elders of the sons of Israel | The phrase even all the elders of the sons of Israel clarifies the name Sanhedrin by describing it membership. Luke is using the word elders here in a general sense to mean “leaders.” He is not making a distinction between “elders” and “rulers” as he does in 4:5. Alternate translation: “the Sanhedrin, which was composed of the leaders of the sons of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
769 | ACT | 5 | 21 | a380 | figs-metaphor | τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ | 1 | the sons of Israel | Here, sons figuratively means “descendants.” Luke is identifying the Israelites as descendants of their ancestor Jacob, who was also known as Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
770 | ACT | 5 | 21 | li6a | figs-ellipsis | ἀπέστειλαν εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον | 1 | sent to the prison | Luke is leaving out a word that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. He means that the high priest and his allies sent someone to the prison to get the apostles. Alternate translation: “sent someone to the prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
771 | ACT | 5 | 23 | a381 | figs-activepassive | τὸ δεσμωτήριον εὕρομεν κεκλεισμένον ἐν πάσῃ ἀσφαλείᾳ, καὶ τοὺς φύλακας | 1 | We found the prison shut in all security and the guards | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an active verbal form in place of the passive form shut, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “We found that the guards had shut the prison in all security and we found the guards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
772 | ACT | 5 | 23 | a382 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐν πάσῃ ἀσφαλείᾳ | 1 | in all security | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word security, you could express the same idea with an adverb such as “securely.” The word all is an intensifier. Alternate translation: “very securely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
773 | ACT | 5 | 23 | a383 | figs-explicit | ἀνοίξαντες | 1 | having opened | Your language may require you to specify the object of opened. Alternate translation: “once we opened the doors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
774 | ACT | 5 | 23 | ld7d | figs-hyperbole | ἔσω οὐδένα εὕρομεν | 1 | we found no one inside | By no one, the officers mean that they found none of the men they had been sent to bring, that is, none of the apostles. It is possible that other people were also being held in the prison, but the angel would not have released them, and they would still have been inside. Alternate translation: “we did not find any of the apostles inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
775 | ACT | 5 | 24 | k5g6 | figs-metonymy | τοὺς λόγους τούτους | 1 | these words | Luke is using the term words figuratively to mean the report that the officers gave. Alternate translation: “this report” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
776 | ACT | 5 | 24 | baw2 | writing-pronouns | περὶ αὐτῶν | 1 | concerning them | The pronoun them does not refer to the apostles but to the words that the officers spoke in giving their report. Alternate translation: “about the things the officers had told them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
777 | ACT | 5 | 24 | p78m | figs-idiom | τί ἂν γένοιτο τοῦτο | 1 | as to what this might become | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “wondering what would happen as a result” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
778 | ACT | 5 | 25 | a384 | figs-metaphor | ἰδοὺ, οἱ ἄνδρες | 1 | Behold, the men | This person says Behold to get the council members to focus their attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here in your translation. Alternate translation: “Right now the men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
779 | ACT | 5 | 25 | a8dz | figs-you | ἔθεσθε | 1 | you put | Here the word you refers to the captain of the temple and the chief priests and so it is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
780 | ACT | 5 | 25 | c1am | figs-explicit | ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ, ἑστῶτες | 1 | standing in the temple | Only priests were allowed inside the temple building, so the temple means the courtyard around the temple. Alternate translation: “standing in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
781 | ACT | 5 | 26 | e24h | writing-pronouns | τότε ἀπελθὼν, ὁ στρατηγὸς σὺν τοῖς ὑπηρέταις ἦγεν αὐτούς, οὐ μετὰ βίας, ἐφοβοῦντο γὰρ τὸν λαόν, μὴ λιθασθῶσιν | 1 | Then the captain, going with the officers, brought them back, not with violence, for they feared the people, lest they stone them | The first instance of them refers to the apostles, but the second instance of them refers to the captain and the officers. The captain and officers were not afraid that the people would stone the apostles. They were afraid that they would be stoned themselves if they used violence against the apostles. You could reword this to make the referents clear. It may be helpful to make this two sentences. Alternate translation: “Then the captain went with the officers and brought the apostles back. But the captain and officers did not use any violence, because they were afraid that the people would stone them if they did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
782 | ACT | 5 | 27 | iq7w | writing-pronouns | ἀγαγόντες δὲ αὐτοὺς | 1 | And having brought them | The pronoun them refers to the apostles in all three instances in this verse. It may be helpful to specify this here in the first instance. Alternate translation: “Once they had brought the apostles back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
783 | ACT | 5 | 28 | a385 | παραγγελίᾳ παρηγγείλαμεν ὑμῖν | 1 | We commanded you with a command | For emphasis, the high priest is using a construction in which a verb and its object come from the same root. If your language uses the same construction for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use it here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of conveying this emphasis. Alternate translation: “we commanded you very strictly” | |
784 | ACT | 5 | 28 | f7pz | figs-you | ὑμῖν…πεπληρώκατε…ὑμῶν…βούλεσθε | 1 | you … you have filled … your … you desire | In this verse the words you and your refer to the apostles, and so those words are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
785 | ACT | 5 | 28 | g2hi | figs-metonymy | ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ | 1 | in this name | Here, name figuratively means the person of Jesus. See how you translated the similar expression in 4:17. Alternate translation: “about this person Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
786 | ACT | 5 | 28 | a386 | figs-metaphor | ἰδοὺ, πεπληρώκατε | 1 | behold, you have filled | The high priest says behold to get the apostles to focus their attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here in your translation. Alternate translation: “nevertheless you have filled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
787 | ACT | 5 | 28 | j4kr | figs-metaphor | πεπληρώκατε τὴν Ἰερουσαλὴμ τῆς διδαχῆς ὑμῶν | 1 | you have filled Jerusalem with your teaching | The high priest is speaking figuratively of Jerusalem as if it were a container that the apostles had filled with their teaching. Alternate translation: “you have taught people who live in every part of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
788 | ACT | 5 | 28 | a387 | figs-metaphor | βούλεσθε ἐπαγαγεῖν ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς | 1 | you desire to bring upon us | The high priest is speaking figuratively as if the apostles wanted to put the blood of Jesus on him and his fellow Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “you want to make us responsible for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
789 | ACT | 5 | 28 | a388 | figs-exclusive | ἡμᾶς | 1 | us | By us, the high priest means himself and his fellow Jewish leaders, but not the apostles to whom he is speaking, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
790 | ACT | 5 | 28 | ym1k | figs-metonymy | τὸ αἷμα | 1 | the blood | The high priest is using the term blood figuratively to mean death, by association with the way Jesus’ blood was shed when he died. Alternate translation: “the death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
791 | ACT | 5 | 28 | a389 | figs-explicit | τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τούτου | 1 | this man | The phrase this man refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “this man Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
792 | ACT | 5 | 29 | a390 | figs-hendiadys | ἀποκριθεὶς…Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι εἶπαν | 1 | answering, Peter and the apostles said | Together the words answering and said mean that Peter and the other apostles responded to the high priest. Alternate translation: “Peter and the apostles responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
793 | ACT | 5 | 29 | di9u | figs-explicit | Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι εἶπαν | 1 | Peter and the apostles said | Luke seems to mean implicitly that Peter said what follows on behalf of all of the apostles. Alternate translation: “Peter said on behalf of all of the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
794 | ACT | 5 | 29 | a391 | figs-gendernotations | ἀνθρώποις | 1 | men | Peter is using the term men in a generic sense to mean “human beings.” Alternate translation: “human beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
795 | ACT | 5 | 30 | a392 | figs-metaphor | τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν | 1 | of our fathers | Peter is using the term fathers figuratively to mean “ancestors.” Alternate translation: “of our ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
796 | ACT | 5 | 30 | kwsc | figs-gendernotations | τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν | 1 | Although the term fathers is masculine, Peter is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, you could say “of our fathers and mothers” to indicate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) | |
797 | ACT | 5 | 30 | r7av | figs-idiom | ἤγειρεν Ἰησοῦν | 1 | raised up Jesus | As in 2:24, the idiom raised up means that God made Jesus alive again after he died. Alternate translation: “brought Jesus back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
798 | ACT | 5 | 30 | a393 | figs-you | ὃν ὑμεῖς διεχειρίσασθε | 1 | whom you killed | The word you is plural. Even though Peter is responding to the high priest, who has been interrogating the apostles, Peter is referring here to the entire council. If your language does not use separate forms for singular and plural “you,” you could indicate that in some other way. Alternate translation: “whom you Sanhedrin members killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
799 | ACT | 5 | 30 | a394 | figs-synecdoche | ὃν ὑμεῖς διεχειρίσασθε | 1 | whom you killed | It was the Romans who literally killed Jesus, but Peter says figuratively that the Sanhedrin members killed him because their demands led to his death. Alternate translation: “whom you demanded to be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
800 | ACT | 5 | 30 | pu5j | figs-metonymy | κρεμάσαντες ἐπὶ ξύλου | 1 | having hung him on a tree | The word translated as tree can mean either an actual tree or something made of wood. Peter is using the word to refer to the cross, which was made out of wood. Alternate translation: “having hung him on a wooden cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
801 | ACT | 5 | 30 | a395 | figs-explicit | κρεμάσαντες ἐπὶ ξύλου | 1 | having hung him on a tree | In some languages the word hung would suggest a different method of execution. For clarity, you could use a different word that might indicate the actual meaning better. Alternate translation: “having suspended him from a wooden cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
802 | ACT | 5 | 31 | a396 | figs-nominaladj | τοῦτον | 1 | this one | Peter is using the demonstrative adjective this as a noun to refer to a specific person, Jesus. (ULT shows that by adding one.) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could specify whom Peter means. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “this Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
803 | ACT | 5 | 31 | a397 | figs-nominaladj | τῇ δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ | 1 | to his right | Peter is using the adjective right as a noun in order to indicate the right side. See how you translated the similar expression in 2:25. Alternate translation: “to his right side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
804 | ACT | 5 | 31 | uh2d | translate-symaction | τῇ δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ | 1 | to his right | God placing Jesus at his right side was a symbolic way of giving him great honor. Alternate translation: “to a place of great honor next to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
805 | ACT | 5 | 31 | mr1d | figs-abstractnouns | τοῦ δοῦναι μετάνοιαν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν | 1 | to give repentance and forgiveness of sins to Israel | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words repentance and forgiveness, you could express the same ideas with verbs. Alternate translation: “to give the people of Israel an opportunity to repent and have God forgive their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
806 | ACT | 5 | 31 | q1il | figs-personification | Ἰσραὴλ | 1 | Israel | Peter is referring figuratively to all of the people of Israel as if they were a single person, their ancestor, Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
807 | ACT | 5 | 32 | a398 | figs-exclusive | ἡμεῖς | 1 | we | Peter is addressing the Sanhedrin, but he is using the word we to refer only to himself and the other apostles. So if your language distinguishes between exclusive and inclusive “us,” it would be accurate to use the exclusive form here. Other languages may have other ways of indicating that we is exclusive here. Alternate translation: “we apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
808 | ACT | 5 | 32 | a399 | figs-ellipsis | καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, ὃ ἔδωκεν ὁ Θεὸς τοῖς πειθαρχοῦσιν αὐτῷ | 1 | and the Holy Spirit, whom God has given to those obeying him | Peter is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “and the Holy Spirit, whom God has given to those obeying him, is also a witness of these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
809 | ACT | 5 | 32 | yml6 | figs-explicit | ὃ ἔδωκεν ὁ Θεὸς τοῖς πειθαρχοῦσιν αὐτῷ | 1 | whom God has given to those obeying him | Here at the end of his response to the high priest, Peter is echoing what he said at the beginning: “It is necessary to obey God rather than men.” He is defining himself and his fellow apostles as people who are committed to obeying God and to testifying about Jesus even if the authorities forbid them to do that. Peter is saying that God has given the apostles the Holy Spirit to empower them to give that testimony in obedience to him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “whom God has given us to empower us to obey him by testifying about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
810 | ACT | 5 | 33 | abx6 | writing-pronouns | οἱ…ἀκούσαντες διεπρίοντο, καὶ ἐβούλοντο ἀνελεῖν αὐτούς | 1 | having heard this, they were furious and wanted to kill them | The pronoun they refers to the council members and the pronoun them refers to the apostles. Alternate translation: “the council members were furious when they heard this, and they wanted to kill the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
811 | ACT | 5 | 34 | i2rr | writing-participants | τις…Φαρισαῖος ὀνόματι Γαμαλιήλ | 1 | a certain Pharisee, Gamaliel by name | Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
812 | ACT | 5 | 34 | a400 | translate-names | Φαρισαῖος | 1 | Pharisee | The name Pharisee describes a member of a group of Jewish priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
813 | ACT | 5 | 34 | a401 | translate-names | Γαμαλιήλ | 1 | Gamaliel | Gamaliel is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
814 | ACT | 5 | 34 | a402 | writing-background | νομοδιδάσκαλος τίμιος παντὶ τῷ λαῷ | 1 | a law teacher, honored by all the people | Luke provides this background information about Gamaliel to help readers understand what happens next in the story, when the council members follow Gamaliel’s advice to be patient rather than acting immediately against the apostles. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. It may be helpful to do that in a separate sentence, as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
815 | ACT | 5 | 34 | fpr4 | figs-activepassive | τίμιος παντὶ τῷ λαῷ | 1 | honored by all the people | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “whom all the people honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
816 | ACT | 5 | 34 | a403 | figs-hyperbole | τίμιος παντὶ τῷ λαῷ | 1 | honored by all the people | The word all is a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “whom the people greatly honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
817 | ACT | 5 | 34 | a404 | translate-symaction | ἀναστὰς | 1 | rising up | Here, rising up means that Gamaliel stood up. He did that to indicate that he had something important to say. Alternate translation: “standing up to show that he had something important to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
818 | ACT | 5 | 34 | xk6g | figs-explicit | ἐκέλευσεν ἔξω…τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ποιῆσαι | 1 | commanded to put the apostles outside | Your language may require you to specify the object of commanded. Alternate translation: “commanded the officers to take the apostles outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
819 | ACT | 5 | 34 | a405 | figs-nominaladj | βραχὺ | 1 | for a little | Luke is using the adjective little as a noun in order to indicate a length of time. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can supply a word such as “while” to show this. Alternate translation: “for a little while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
820 | ACT | 5 | 35 | a406 | grammar-connect-time-sequential | τε | 1 | And | Luke is using the word translated And to indicate that Gamaliel spoke after the officers had taken the apostles out of the council chamber. Alternate translation: “Then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) |
821 | ACT | 5 | 35 | a407 | figs-idiom | ἄνδρες, Ἰσραηλεῖται | 1 | Men, Israelites | This is an idiomatic form of address. Alternate translation: “My fellow Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
822 | ACT | 5 | 35 | ae1u | figs-explicit | προσέχετε ἑαυτοῖς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τούτοις τί μέλλετε πράσσειν | 1 | pay attention to yourselves, what you are about to do to these men | Gamaliel is warning the council members not to do something that they will later regret. He means “be very careful about what you do to these men,” and you could say that as an alternate translation. However, the implication is that the council should not kill the apostles, as 5:33 says they want to do. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “you need to be very cautious and not kill these men, because you might deeply regret that later” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
823 | ACT | 5 | 36 | a408 | figs-idiom | πρὸ…τούτων τῶν ἡμερῶν | 1 | before these days | Gamaliel is using the term days idiomatically to refer to a specific time. Alternate translation: “some time ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
824 | ACT | 5 | 36 | a409 | translate-names | Θευδᾶς | 1 | Theudas | Theudas is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
825 | ACT | 5 | 36 | uaj6 | figs-metaphor | ἀνέστη | 1 | rose up | In this context, rose up figuratively means that Theudas rebelled against the Roman government. Alternate translation: “rebelled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
826 | ACT | 5 | 36 | b3nl | figs-idiom | λέγων εἶναί τινα ἑαυτόν | 1 | saying himself to be somebody | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “saying that he was somebody important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
827 | ACT | 5 | 36 | a410 | figs-activepassive | ᾧ προσεκλίθη ἀνδρῶν ἀριθμὸς | 1 | to whom was joined a number of men | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. As the General Notes to this chapter suggest, it may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “whom a number of men joined” or, as a new sentence, “A number of men joined him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
828 | ACT | 5 | 36 | ie3x | figs-activepassive | ὃς ἀνῃρέθη | 1 | who was killed | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. It may be helpful to begin another new sentence here. Alternate translation: “whom the Romans killed” or, as a new sentence, “But the Romans killed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
829 | ACT | 5 | 36 | juz1 | figs-activepassive | ὅσοι ἐπείθοντο αὐτῷ | 1 | as many as were persuaded by him | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “as many as he had persuaded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
830 | ACT | 5 | 36 | a411 | figs-activepassive | διελύθησαν | 1 | were dispersed | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “dispersed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
831 | ACT | 5 | 36 | rzg5 | καὶ ἐγένοντο εἰς οὐδέν | 1 | and they came to nothing | Alternate translation: “and their plans did not succeed” | |
832 | ACT | 5 | 37 | f33y | figs-nominaladj | μετὰ τοῦτον | 1 | After this one | Gamaliel is using the demonstrative adjective this as a noun to refer to a specific person, Theudas. (ULT shows that by adding one.) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could use a pronoun or this man’s name. Alternate translation: “After him” or “After Theudas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
833 | ACT | 5 | 37 | a412 | translate-names | Ἰούδας ὁ Γαλιλαῖος | 1 | Judas the Galilean | Judas is the name of a man. See how you translated the same name in 1:13 and 1:16. (Those verses describe two other men with this name, not the same Judas as here.) Galilean is the name for someone who is from the region of Galilee. See how you translated that name in 1:11. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
834 | ACT | 5 | 37 | a413 | figs-metaphor | ἀνέστη | 1 | rose up | As in 5:36, rose up here figuratively means that Judas rebelled against the Roman government. Alternate translation: “rebelled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
835 | ACT | 5 | 37 | p56f | figs-idiom | ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῆς ἀπογραφῆς | 1 | in the days of the census | Gamaliel is using the term days idiomatically to refer to a specific time. Alternate translation: “at the time of the census” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
836 | ACT | 5 | 37 | kz4s | figs-idiom | ἀπέστησε λαὸν ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ | 1 | drew away people after him | Here, drew away is an idiom that means Judas persuaded people to rebel with him against the Roman government. Alternate translation: “persuaded people to join him in rebellion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
837 | ACT | 5 | 37 | a414 | figs-nominaladj | κἀκεῖνος | 1 | That one also | Gamaliel is using the demonstrative adjective that as a noun to refer to a specific person, Judas. (ULT shows that by adding one.) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you use a pronoun or this man’s name. Alternate translation: “He also” or “Judas also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
838 | ACT | 5 | 37 | a415 | figs-activepassive | ὅσοι ἐπείθοντο αὐτῷ | 1 | as many as were persuaded by him | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “as many as he had persuaded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
839 | ACT | 5 | 37 | a416 | figs-activepassive | διεσκορπίσθησαν | 1 | were scattered | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “scattered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
840 | ACT | 5 | 38 | i4bw | καὶ τὰ νῦν λέγω ὑμῖν | 1 | And now I say these things to you | Gamaliel uses this expression to shift the council members’ attention away from the stories of Theudas and Judas so that he could give them some direct advice. In your translation, use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that would be natural for this same purpose. | |
841 | ACT | 5 | 38 | a417 | grammar-connect-logic-result | καὶ | 1 | And | Gamaliel is using the word translated And to introduce what he wants the council to conclude as a result of the two examples he has given. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
842 | ACT | 5 | 38 | wz89 | ἀπόστητε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων τούτων καὶ ἄφετε αὐτούς | 1 | keep away from these men and release them | When Gamaliel tells the council to keep away from these men, he implicitly means that they should not execute them, as 5:33 says they wanted to do. Alternate translation: “do not execute these men or put them back in prison” | |
843 | ACT | 5 | 38 | zh1d | ἐὰν ᾖ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, ἡ βουλὴ αὕτη ἢ τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο | 1 | if this counsel or this work is from men | Alternate translation: “if men have devised this plan or are doing this work” | |
844 | ACT | 5 | 38 | a418 | figs-gendernotations | ἀνθρώπων | 1 | men | Gamaliel is using the term men in a generic sense to mean “humans.” Since he contrasts from men here with “from God” in the next verse, it may be appropriate to add the word “mere” to help show that contrast. Alternate translation: “mere humans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
845 | ACT | 5 | 38 | uql8 | figs-activepassive | καταλυθήσεται | 1 | it will be destroyed | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “someone will destroy it” or “it will not last” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
846 | ACT | 5 | 39 | a419 | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | δὲ | 1 | but | Gamaliel uses this word to introduce a contrast between what would happen if the work the apostles are doing were “from men” and what would happen if it were from God. As the General Notes to this chapter suggest, it may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, as a new sentence: “However,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
847 | ACT | 5 | 39 | j819 | writing-pronouns | εἰ…ἐκ Θεοῦ ἐστιν | 1 | if it is from God | Here the pronoun it refers back to the phrase “this counsel or this work” in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “if God has devised this plan or commanded these men to do this work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
848 | ACT | 5 | 39 | a420 | figs-explicit | μήποτε | 1 | lest | It may be helpful to state the implications of the word lest explicitly. Alternate translation: “and if you do try to destroy them,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
849 | ACT | 5 | 39 | a421 | figs-activepassive | καὶ θεομάχοι εὑρεθῆτε | 1 | you may even be found | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. However, since this is also an idiom (see next note), it would only be meaningful to do that in your translation if your language uses the verb “find” in the same idiomatic sense. Alternate translation: “people may even find you to be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
850 | ACT | 5 | 39 | a422 | figs-activepassive | εὑρεθῆτε | 1 | be found | The expression be found is an idiom. Alternate translation: “turn out to be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
851 | ACT | 5 | 39 | cyp1 | figs-activepassive | ἐπείσθησαν…αὐτῷ | 1 | they were persuaded by him | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Gamaliel persuaded them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
852 | ACT | 5 | 40 | z31c | grammar-connect-logic-result | καὶ | 1 | And | Luke uses the word translated And to introduce what the Sanhedrin did as a result of Gamaliel’s advice. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
853 | ACT | 5 | 40 | p6lz | figs-synecdoche | προσκαλεσάμενοι τοὺς ἀποστόλους, δείραντες παρήγγειλαν | 1 | summoning the apostles, having beaten them, they commanded them | The Sanhedrin would have ordered their officers to bring back the apostles and beat them. They did not do those things personally. But Luke speaks figuratively as if they did do those things because they ordered them to be done. Alternate translation: “they had their officers bring back the apostles and beat them, and then they commanded them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
854 | ACT | 5 | 40 | fca9 | figs-metonymy | λαλεῖν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | to speak in the name of Jesus | Here, name figuratively means the person of Jesus. See how you translated the similar expression in 4:17. Alternate translation: “to speak about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
855 | ACT | 5 | 41 | a423 | figs-metaphor | ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ Συνεδρίου | 1 | from the face of the Sanhedrin | Luke is using the word face figuratively to mean “presence.” Alternate translation: “from the presence of the Sanhedrin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
856 | ACT | 5 | 41 | cv8y | figs-activepassive | κατηξιώθησαν | 1 | they had been considered worthy | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God had considered them worthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
857 | ACT | 5 | 41 | lk82 | figs-metonymy | ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος | 1 | for the Name | Here, the Name figuratively means Jesus. Alternate translation: “for Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
858 | ACT | 5 | 42 | jj94 | writing-endofstory | τε | 1 | And | Luke uses the word translated And to introduce information about what happened after this story as a result of the events within the story itself. Your language may have its own way of indicating how such information relates to a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) |
859 | ACT | 5 | 42 | kyp6 | figs-explicit | ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ | 1 | in the temple | Only priests were allowed inside the temple building, so the temple means the courtyard around the temple. Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
860 | ACT | 5 | 42 | x424 | figs-litotes | οὐκ ἐπαύοντο, διδάσκοντες καὶ εὐαγγελιζόμενοι | 1 | they did not cease teaching and proclaiming the gospel | Luke is expressing a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “they continued to teach and to proclaim the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
861 | ACT | 6 | intro | z5r5 | 0 | Acts 6 General NotesStructure and formattingActs 6:7 is a summary statement that Luke uses to mark the end of the first major part of the book. Special concepts in this chapterThe distribution to the widowsThe believers in Jerusalem gave food every day to women whose husbands had died. All of them had been raised as Jews, but some of them spoke Hebrew and had lived mostly in Judea, while others spoke Greek and may have lived in Gentile areas. Those who gave out the food gave it to the Hebrew-speaking widows but not equally to the Greek-speaking widows. To please God, the church leaders appointed Greek-speaking men to make sure the Greek-speaking widows received their share of the food. One of these Greek-speaking men was Stephen. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter“His face was like the face of an angel”No one knows for sure what it was about Stephen’s face that was like the face of an angel, because Luke does not tell us. A note to this phrase offers one suggestion, which you may choose to follow. However, you might also decide to say only what the ULT says about this. | |||
862 | ACT | 6 | 1 | f8br | writing-newevent | ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις | 1 | Now in those days | Luke uses this time reference to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
863 | ACT | 6 | 1 | cg5t | figs-idiom | ἐν…ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις | 1 | in those days | Luke is using the term days idiomatically to refer to a specific time. Alternate translation: “at that same time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
864 | ACT | 6 | 1 | e7vb | translate-names | τῶν Ἑλληνιστῶν | 1 | of the Hellenists | Hellenists was the name for Jews in the Roman Empire who spoke the Greek language and followed Greek customs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
865 | ACT | 6 | 1 | ftz8 | translate-names | τοὺς Ἑβραίους | 1 | the Hebrews | In this context, Luke is using the name Hebrews to mean Jews in the Roman Empire who spoke Aramaic, a language closely related to Hebrew, and who did not follow Greek customs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
866 | ACT | 6 | 1 | s4qy | figs-activepassive | παρεθεωροῦντο ἐν τῇ διακονίᾳ τῇ καθημερινῇ αἱ χῆραι αὐτῶν | 1 | their widows were being overlooked in the daily service | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who was doing the action. Alternate translation: “those who were distributing food each day were overlooking their widows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
867 | ACT | 6 | 1 | rde8 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐν τῇ διακονίᾳ τῇ καθημερινῇ | 1 | in the daily service | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word service, you could express the same idea with an equivalent expression. Alternate translations: “by those who were distributing food each day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
868 | ACT | 6 | 2 | kwvo | grammar-connect-logic-result | δὲ | 1 | So | Luke is using the word So to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for this same purpose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
869 | ACT | 6 | 2 | n5r4 | figs-nominaladj | οἱ δώδεκα | 1 | the Twelve | Luke is using the adjective Twelve as a noun in order to indicate a group of people, the apostles who led the church. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the 12 apostles” or see the next note for a further possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
870 | ACT | 6 | 2 | is74 | translate-names | οἱ δώδεκα | 1 | the Twelve | Alternatively, even if your language does not ordinarily use adjectives as nouns, you may be able to do that in this case, since this is a title by which the apostles were known. Even though it is a number, if you translate it as a title, as ULT does, follow the conventions for titles in your language. For example, capitalize main words and write out numbers rather than use digits. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
871 | ACT | 6 | 2 | jm17 | figs-metaphor | καταλείψαντας τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | to leave behind the word of God | The apostles are speaking figuratively as if they would walk away from the word of God and leave it behind them. Alternate translation: “to stop preaching and teaching the word of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
872 | ACT | 6 | 2 | w9re | figs-metonymy | τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | the word of God | Luke is using the term word figuratively to mean the message that God wanted the believers to share by using words. Alternate translation: “the message from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
873 | ACT | 6 | 2 | fwk6 | figs-metaphor | διακονεῖν τραπέζαις | 1 | to serve tables | To describe the work that would be required for them personally to monitor the church’s program of distributing food to people in need, the apostles speak figuratively as if they would be bringing food to people who were sitting at tables. Alternate translation: “to give our attention to food distribution” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
874 | ACT | 6 | 3 | lcyx | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί | 1 | brothers | See how you translated the term brothers in 1:15. Alternate translation: “my fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
875 | ACT | 6 | 3 | p1yz | figs-activepassive | ἄνδρας…μαρτυρουμένους | 1 | men being attested | The expression being attested is a passive verbal form. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express the same meaning with an active form. Alternate translation: “men to whose honesty people attest” or “men whom people say they trust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
876 | ACT | 6 | 3 | mgid | figs-metaphor | πλήρεις Πνεύματος καὶ σοφίας | 1 | full of the Spirit and of wisdom | The apostles are speaking figuratively of these men as if they were containers that the Holy Spirit and wisdom could fill. Alternate translation: “in whose lives the Spirit is evidently present and who possess great wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
877 | ACT | 6 | 3 | pxe5 | figs-abstractnouns | πλήρεις Πνεύματος καὶ σοφίας | 1 | full of the Spirit and of wisdom | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word wisdom, you could express the same idea with an adverb such as “wisely.” Alternate translation: “in whose lives the Spirit is evidently present and who act very wisely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
878 | ACT | 6 | 3 | i27a | figs-metaphor | ἐπὶ τῆς χρείας ταύτης | 1 | over this task | When the apostles say that they will appoint these men over the work of food distribution, they are using a spatial metaphor. Alternate translation: “to be responsible for this task” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
879 | ACT | 6 | 4 | b3bj | figs-metonymy | τοῦ λόγου | 1 | of the word | The apostles are using the term word figuratively to mean the message about Jesus that God has told them to teach and preach by using words. Alternate translation: “of teaching and preaching the message about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
880 | ACT | 6 | 5 | wh9t | figs-metonymy | ἤρεσεν ὁ λόγος ἐνώπιον παντὸς τοῦ πλήθους | 1 | the statement was pleasing before the whole multitude | Luke is using the word before to refer to the opinion of the believers, since people assess things that come to their attention in front of them. Alternate translation: “what the apostles recommended pleased all of the other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
881 | ACT | 6 | 5 | jayc | grammar-connect-logic-result | καὶ | 2 | And | Luke is using the word translated And to introduce what the believers did as a result of the apostles’ request. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
882 | ACT | 6 | 5 | ajq1 | translate-names | Στέφανον…Φίλιππον…Πρόχορον…Νικάνορα…Τίμωνα…Παρμενᾶν…Νικόλαον | 1 | Stephen…Philip…Prochorus…Nicanor…Timon…Parmenas…Nicolaus | These are the names of seven men. They are all Greek names, and this suggests that all of the men selected were from the group of Greek-speaking Jews among the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
883 | ACT | 6 | 5 | vsyk | figs-metaphor | ἄνδρα πλήρης πίστεως καὶ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου | 1 | a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit | Luke is speaking figuratively of Stephen as if they were a container that faith and the Holy Spirit had filled. Alternate translation: “a man who possessed great wisdom and in whose life the Holy Spirit was evidently present” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
884 | ACT | 6 | 5 | yqsj | figs-abstractnouns | ἄνδρα πλήρης πίστεως καὶ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου | 1 | a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word faith, you could express the same idea with a verb such as “trust.” Alternate translation: “a man who confidently trusted in God and in whose life the Holy Spirit was evidently present” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
885 | ACT | 6 | 5 | cg5s | translate-names | Ἀντιοχέα | 1 | an Antiochian | The name Antiochian describes a person who comes from the city of Antioch. Alternate translation: “who came from Antioch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
886 | ACT | 6 | 6 | lvaj | figs-events | προσευξάμενοι, ἐπέθηκαν αὐτοῖς τὰς χεῖρας | 1 | This could mean: (1) that the apostles first prayed and then placed their hands on these men. Alternate translation: “after they had prayed, they placed their hands upon them” (2) that the apostles placed their hands on the men while they were praying for them. Alternate translation: “they prayed for them with their hands placed upon them” or “they placed their hands upon them and prayed for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) | |
887 | ACT | 6 | 6 | wu1y | translate-symaction | ἐπέθηκαν αὐτοῖς τὰς χεῖρας | 1 | and placed their hands upon them | The apostles placed their hands on the seven men to show publicly that they were giving them the responsibility and authority to oversee the food distribution. Alternate translation: “and placed their hands on them to show that they were giving them responsibility and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
888 | ACT | 6 | 7 | x48w | writing-endofstory | 0 | As the outline in the General Introduction indicates, this verse is the end of the first major section of the book of Acts. That section describes how the apostles spread the good news about Jesus in Jerusalem. Luke uses this verse to summarize what happened as a result of the events within this whole section of the book. You language may have its own way of indicating how such a summary relates to a significant part of a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) | ||
889 | ACT | 6 | 7 | wu4l | figs-metaphor | ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ηὔξανεν | 1 | the word of God was growing | Luke is speaking figuratively of the way the message about Jesus kept becoming more widespread as if the word of God itself were growing. Alternate translation: “more and more people were hearing the word of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
890 | ACT | 6 | 7 | ueie | figs-metonymy | ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ηὔξανεν | 1 | the word of God was growing | Luke is using the term word figuratively to mean the message about Jesus that God told the believers to spread by using words. Alternate translation: “the message about Jesus kept becoming more widespread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
891 | ACT | 6 | 7 | jg8y | figs-synecdoche | ὑπήκουον τῇ πίστει | 1 | became obedient to the faith | Luke speaks generally of the faith (that is, belief in Jesus) to indicate that these priests became obedient to one part of it, Jesus’ teachings about how to live. But that obedience showed that the priests genuinely embraced faith in Jesus as Messiah in its entirety. Alternate translation: “came to believe in Jesus and so started obeying his teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
892 | ACT | 6 | 7 | qq3l | figs-abstractnouns | ὑπήκουον τῇ πίστει | 1 | became obedient to the faith | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word faith, you could express the same idea with a verb such as “believe.” Alternate translation: “came to believe in Jesus and so started obeying his teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
893 | ACT | 6 | 8 | et2j | writing-participants | Στέφανος δὲ | 1 | Now Stephen | Luke uses this phrase to introduce Stephen as the main character in this part of the story. Your language may have its own way of doing that. If so, you can use it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
894 | ACT | 6 | 8 | pzr0 | figs-metaphor | Στέφανος…πλήρης χάριτος καὶ δυνάμεως, ἐποίει | 1 | Stephen, full of grace and power, was doing | Luke is speaking figuratively as if Stephen were a container that grace and power were filling. Alternate translation: “Stephen had abundant grace and power, and so he was doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
895 | ACT | 6 | 8 | h8sg | figs-hendiadys | Στέφανος…πλήρης χάριτος καὶ δυνάμεως, ἐποίει | 1 | Stephen, full of grace and power, was doing | Luke may be using the two words grace and power together to express a single idea. The word grace would describe the character of the power that Stephen had. Specifically, it would be power that God was giving him. Alternate translation: “Stephen, full of gracious power, was doing” or “Stephen, full of power from God, was doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
896 | ACT | 6 | 8 | xscq | figs-abstractnouns | Στέφανος…πλήρης χάριτος καὶ δυνάμεως, ἐποίει | 1 | Stephen, full of grace and power, was doing | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words grace and power, you could express the same ideas with adverbs. Alternate translation: “Stephen was supernaturally and powerfully doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
897 | ACT | 6 | 8 | m0zh | figs-doublet | τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα μεγάλα | 1 | great wonders and signs | The terms wonders and signs mean similar things. Luke is using them together for emphasis. See how you translated the similar expression in 2:22. Alternate translation: “many great miracles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
898 | ACT | 6 | 9 | d74m | figs-idiom | ἀνέστησαν | 1 | rose up | Here the expression rose up means that these people took action, specifically to oppose Stephen, not that they stood up from a seated position. Alternate translation: “took action to oppose Stephen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
899 | ACT | 6 | 9 | nei0 | figs-activepassive | τῆς συναγωγῆς, τῆς λεγομένης Λιβερτίνων | 1 | the synagogue called Freedmen | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the synagogue whose name was Freedmen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
900 | ACT | 6 | 9 | k88n | figs-explicit | τῆς συναγωγῆς, τῆς λεγομένης Λιβερτίνων | 1 | the synagogue called Freedmen | The word Freedmen probably refers to former slaves. Alternate translation: “the synagogue that former slaves attended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
901 | ACT | 6 | 9 | e7b0 | translate-names | Κυρηναίων…Ἀλεξανδρέων…Κιλικίας…Ἀσίας | 1 | of the Cyrenians…of the Alexandrians…Cilicia…Asia | Cyrenians is the name for people from the city of Cyrene, and Alexandrians is the name for people from the city of Alexandria. Cilicia and Asia are the names of two Roman provinces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
902 | ACT | 6 | 10 | v5ia | figs-idiom | οὐκ ἴσχυον ἀντιστῆναι | 1 | they were not able to stand against | The expression stand against is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they could not argue successfully against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
903 | ACT | 6 | 10 | fnb2 | figs-hendiadys | τῇ σοφίᾳ καὶ τῷ Πνεύματι, ᾧ ἐλάλει | 1 | the wisdom and the Spirit with which he spoke | Luke may be using the two words wisdom and Spirit together to express a single idea. The word Spirit would describe the source and character of the wisdom that Stephen was displaying. The word Spirit refers to the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “the Spirit-inspired wisdom by which he spoke” or “the wisdom that the Holy Spirit gave him as he spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
904 | ACT | 6 | 10 | psha | figs-abstractnouns | τῇ σοφίᾳ καὶ τῷ Πνεύματι, ᾧ ἐλάλει | 1 | the wisdom and the Spirit with which he spoke | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word wisdom, you could express the same idea with an adjective such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “the wise things he said as the Spirit inspired him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
905 | ACT | 6 | 11 | ren5 | figs-explicit | ὑπέβαλον ἄνδρας λέγοντας | 1 | they instigated men to say | The word instigated means that Stephen’s opponents in some way persuaded these men to lie about what Stephen was saying. They may have offered them money, or they may have convinced them that Stephen was a dangerous person who needed to be stopped. Since Luke does not specify the means, it may be best not to suggest a means in your translation. But it would be appropriate to indicate that what these men were recruited to say about Stephen was a lie. Alternate translation: “recruited some men to lie about Stephen by saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
906 | ACT | 6 | 11 | s2cl | figs-exclusive | ἀκηκόαμεν | 1 | We have heard | The men are using the word We to refer only to themselves, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
907 | ACT | 6 | 11 | x747 | figs-metonymy | λαλοῦντος ῥήματα βλάσφημα | 1 | speaking blasphemous words | The men are using the term words figuratively to mean the things that Stephen has been saying by using words. Alternate translation: “saying blasphemous things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
908 | ACT | 6 | 11 | dgxi | translate-names | Μωϋσῆν | 1 | Moses | Moses is the name of a man. God gave him the law to give to Israel. See how you translated his name in 3:22. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
909 | ACT | 6 | 12 | tqk9 | writing-pronouns | συνεκίνησάν | 1 | They…stirred up | In this verse and the next one, the word “they” continues to refer back to the opponents of Stephen who are named in 6:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
910 | ACT | 6 | 12 | l251 | figs-metaphor | συνεκίνησάν τε τὸν λαὸν, καὶ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους, καὶ τοὺς γραμματεῖς | 1 | They also stirred up the people, the elders, and the scribes | Luke says figuratively that Stephen’s opponents stirred up these other groups to mean that they said things to make them very upset with Stephen. Alternate translation: “They also said things that made the people, the elders, and the scribes very upset with Stephen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
911 | ACT | 6 | 12 | dkbj | translate-names | Συνέδριον | 1 | Sanhedrin | Sanhedrin is the name of the Jewish ruling council. See how you translated it in 4:14. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
912 | ACT | 6 | 13 | zv6s | figs-doublenegatives | οὐ παύεται λαλῶν | 1 | does not stop speaking | If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle not and the negative verb stop. Alternate translation: “continually speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
913 | ACT | 6 | 13 | ju6w | figs-metonymy | λαλῶν ῥήματα | 1 | speaking words | The men are using the term words figuratively to mean things that Stephen has been saying by using words. Alternate translation: “saying things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
914 | ACT | 6 | 13 | o3j2 | figs-metonymy | τοῦ τόπου τοῦ ἁγίου | 1 | the holy place | The men are describing the temple in Jerusalem figuratively by referring to it by something associated with it, that it is a holy place. Alternate translation: “the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
915 | ACT | 6 | 14 | c5l9 | translate-names | ὁ Ναζωραῖος | 1 | the Nazarene | The word Nazarene describes someone who comes from the city of Nazareth. See how you translated it in 2:23. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
916 | ACT | 6 | 14 | uok4 | figs-explicit | τὸν τόπον τοῦτον | 1 | this place | By this place, the false witnesses mean the temple, which they described as “the holy place” in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “this temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
917 | ACT | 6 | 14 | vak4 | figs-metonymy | τὰ ἔθη ἃ παρέδωκεν ἡμῖν Μωϋσῆς | 1 | the customs that Moses handed down to us | The phrase handed down is an idiom that refers to something that is passed from generation to generation. The false witnesses are describing how the ancestors of the Jews have passed on the teachings originally received from Moses to each successive generation. Alternate translation: “the customs that our ancestors learned from Moses and have taught each successive generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
918 | ACT | 6 | 15 | k8rw | figs-simile | εἶδον τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ, ὡσεὶ πρόσωπον ἀγγέλου | 1 | saw his face as the face of an angel | Luke offers this comparison but he does not say specifically in what way Stephen’s face was like the face of an angel. However, this may mean that his face was shining brightly, since descriptions of angels in the Bible often say they were shining brightly. So you might choose to say that in your translation. Alternate translation: “saw that his face was shining brightly, like the face of an angel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
919 | ACT | 7 | intro | p9h4 | 0 | Acts 7 General NotesStructure and formattingThis chapter presents Stephen’s defense against the charges that false witnesses had made against him, as Luke describes in 6:13–14. Those witnesses had said, “This man does not stop speaking words against the holy place and the law. For we have heard him say that this Jesus the Nazarene will destroy this place and change the customs that Moses handed down to us.” In response, Stephen shows that he respects the law, but he then shows how the Israelites have not kept the law. He next shows that he respects the temple, but he then explains that God does not live in temples made by people. Luke presents Stephen’s speech within the narrative setting of his trial by the Sanhedrin.
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 7:42–43 and 49–50. A note to 7:36–38 suggests making each of these verses a separate paragraph or using formatting in some other way to highlight the repeated phrases that Stephen uses to describe Moses. It appears that 8:1 is part of the narrative of this chapter. Special concepts in this chapter“Stephen said”Stephen told the history of Israel very briefly. He paid special attention to the times that the Israelites had rejected the people God had chosen to lead them. At the end of the story, he said that the Jewish leaders he was talking to had rejected Jesus just as the evil Israelites had always rejected the leaders God had appointed for them. “Full of the Holy Spirit”The Holy Spirit completely controlled Stephen so that he said only and all of what God wanted him to say. ForeshadowingWhen an author speaks of something that is not important at that time but will be important later in the story, this is called foreshadowing. Luke mentions Saul in 7:58, even though he is not an important person in this part of the story. This is because Saul, also known as Paul, is an important person in the rest of the Book of Acts. Important figures of speech in this chapterImplied informationStephen was talking to Jews who knew the law of Moses well, so he did not explain things that his hearers already knew. But you may need to explain some of these things so that your readers will be able to understand what Stephen was saying. For example, you may need to make explicit that when Joseph’s brothers “sold him into Egypt” (Acts 7:9), Joseph was going to be a slave in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) MetonymyStephen spoke of Joseph ruling “over Egypt” and over all of Pharaoh’s household. By this he meant that Joseph ruled over the people of Egypt and of the people and possessions in Pharaoh’s household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Important textual issues in this chapter“a dwelling for the house of Jacob” (7:46)In 7:46, some ancient manuscripts read “a dwelling for the house of Jacob.” ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “a dwelling for the God of Jacob.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it has. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of ULT. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapterBackground knowledgeThe Jewish leaders to whom Stephen spoke already knew much about the events he was describing. They knew what Moses had written in the book of Genesis. If the book of Genesis has not been translated into your language, it may be difficult for your readers to follow what Stephen said. It may be helpful to provide some background information, either in the text or in notes. Reference of “our” and “you”Throughout this chapter, Stephen uses the word “our” to refer to himself and to his listeners. When he means only them, he says “you,” and “you” is plural. | |||
920 | ACT | 7 | 1 | hy9r | figs-explicit | ὁ ἀρχιερεύς | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Luke assumes that his readers will know that the high priest was there and that he asked Stephen to testify because he was a member of the Sanhedrin and its leader. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the high priest, who was the leader of the Sanhedrin,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
921 | ACT | 7 | 2 | abc7 | writing-pronouns | ὁ δὲ ἔφη | 1 | Then he said | The pronoun he refers to Stephen, not the high priest. Alternate translation: “Then Stephen said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
922 | ACT | 7 | 2 | zbq0 | figs-idiom | ἄνδρες, ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες | 1 | Men, brothers and fathers is an idiomatic form of address. Alternate translation: “You brothers and fathers of mine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
923 | ACT | 7 | 2 | v5si | figs-metaphor | ἄνδρες, ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες | 1 | brothers, and fathers, listen to me | Stephen is using the word brothers figuratively to refer to his fellow Israelites. He is likely using the word fathers figuratively to refer to the leaders of Israel, the members of the Sanhedrin. In both cases he is speaking respectfully. Alternate translation: “My fellow Israelites and you leaders of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
924 | ACT | 7 | 2 | kfep | figs-abstractnouns | ὁ Θεὸς τῆς δόξης | 1 | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun glory with an adjective such as “glorious.” Alternate translation: “The glorious God” or “God, who is glorious,” or see the next note for a further possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
925 | ACT | 7 | 2 | n09p | figs-explicit | ὁ Θεὸς τῆς δόξης | 1 | Stephen apparently chooses to describe God in this way at the beginning of his speech in order to refute the charge made in 6:11 that he says blasphemous things about God. Calling him the God of glory acknowledges that people should rightfully give glory to God. You might choose to bring out this implication in your translation. Alternate translation: “God, to whom we should rightfully give glory,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
926 | ACT | 7 | 2 | pt4h | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | Here and throughout this chapter, Stephen is using the word our to refer to himself and to his listeners, so use the inclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
927 | ACT | 7 | 2 | w1ya | figs-metaphor | τῷ πατρὶ ἡμῶν Ἀβραὰμ | 1 | Stephen is using the term father figuratively to mean “ancestor.” Alternate translation: “to Abraham our ancestor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
928 | ACT | 7 | 2 | ust7 | translate-names | Μεσοποταμίᾳ…Χαρράν | 1 | Mesopotamia is the name of a region, and Harran is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
929 | ACT | 7 | 3 | uksj | figs-quotesinquotes | εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν, ἔξελθε ἐκ τῆς γῆς σου καὶ ἐκ τῆς συγγενείας σου, καὶ δεῦρο εἰς τὴν γῆν ἣν ἄν σοι δείξω | 1 | If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “God told Abraham to go out from his land and from his relatives and come into the land that he would show him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
930 | ACT | 7 | 3 | kgef | writing-pronouns | εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν | 1 | The pronoun he refers to God, while the pronoun him refers to Abraham. Alternate translation: “God said to Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
931 | ACT | 7 | 4 | pfg3 | writing-pronouns | κατῴκησεν…αὐτοῦ…μετῴκισεν αὐτὸν | 1 | The pronouns his and him and the first instance of he refer to Abraham, while the second instance of he refers to God. For clarity, in your translation you might say “Abraham lived” and “God brought him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
932 | ACT | 7 | 4 | mv26 | translate-names | γῆς Χαλδαίων | 1 | Chaldeans is the name of a people group. This group lived in Mesopotamia, so as 7:2 indicates, Abraham had been living among these people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
933 | ACT | 7 | 4 | pfg4 | figs-you | ὑμεῖς | 1 | you | The word you is plural. Stephen is using it to refer not just to the high priest, whose question he is answering, but also to all of the council members and the others who are listenting to him. So you can use the plural form of the word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
934 | ACT | 7 | 5 | tnsm | writing-pronouns | οὐκ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ…ἐπηγγείλατο…αὐτῷ…αὐτοῦ…αὐτόν…οὐκ ὄντος αὐτῷ | 1 | The pronouns him and his and the third instance of he refer to Abraham, while the first two instances of he refer to God. For clarity, in your translation you might say “God did not give Abraham,” “God promised,” and “although Abraham did not have.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
935 | ACT | 7 | 5 | ax1j | οὐκ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ κληρονομίαν ἐν αὐτῇ | 1 | he did not give him an inheritance in it | Alternate translation: “he did not give any of it to him as an inheritance” | |
936 | ACT | 7 | 5 | qff6 | figs-explicit | οὐδὲ βῆμα ποδός | 1 | not even a stride of a foot | This could mean: (1) not enough ground to stand on or (2) not enough ground on which to take a step. Either way, the expression is implicitly describing a very small area. Alternate translation: “not even a tiny piece of ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
937 | ACT | 7 | 5 | u6iw | figs-metaphor | αὐτῷ εἰς κατάσχεσιν…καὶ τῷ σπέρματι αὐτοῦ μετ’ αὐτόν | 1 | to him for a possession, and to his seed after him | The term seed figuratively means “descendants.” Alternate translation: “to him for a possession, and to his descendants after him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
938 | ACT | 7 | 5 | j09v | figs-abstractnouns | αὐτῷ εἰς κατάσχεσιν…καὶ τῷ σπέρματι αὐτοῦ μετ’ αὐτόν | 1 | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun possession with a verb such as “possess.” Stephen is saying that Abraham possessed the land in the sense that it was something that God had promised to him but that it was his descendants who came into actual possession of it. Alternate translation: “as something that his descendants would one day possess” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
939 | ACT | 7 | 6 | tn6b | figs-explicit | ἐλάλησεν…οὕτως ὁ Θεὸς | 1 | God spoke to him like this | Stephen assumes that his listeners will know that this occurred some time after the statement in the previous verse. It may be helpful to state that in your translation. Alternate translation: “Subsequently God told Abraham that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
940 | ACT | 7 | 6 | jymv | writing-pronouns | ἔσται τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ, πάροικον ἐν γῇ ἀλλοτρίᾳ, καὶ δουλώσουσιν αὐτὸ καὶ κακώσουσιν | 1 | Stephen is using the singular word seed figuratively to mean “descendants,” and so he uses the singular noun stranger and the singular pronoun him. For clarity in your translation, to show that he is not referring to a single individual, you could say “descendants” and “strangers” and use the plural pronoun them. Alternate translation: “his descendants would be strangers in a foreign land, whose people would enslave them and treat them badly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
941 | ACT | 7 | 7 | k8pz | figs-quotesinquotes | καὶ τὸ ἔθνος ᾧ ἐὰν δουλεύσωσιν κρινῶ ἐγώ, ὁ Θεὸς εἶπεν; καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα, ἐξελεύσονται καὶ λατρεύσουσίν μοι ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τούτῳ | 1 | If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But God said that he would judge the nation that would enslave him and that after that they would come out and serve him in this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
942 | ACT | 7 | 7 | f7fw | figs-metonymy | τὸ ἔθνος | 1 | I will judge the nation | Here, nation refers to the people who belong to that nation. Alternate translation: “the people of the nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
943 | ACT | 7 | 7 | q7y6 | writing-pronouns | ἐὰν δουλεύσωσιν | 1 | the nation that will enslave him | As in 7:6, Stephen is using the singular pronoun him because he is using the singular word seed figuratively to mean “descendants.” For clarity, particularly if you said “descendants” in the previous verse, you could use the plural pronoun “them” instead. That would help readers recognize that Stephen also means Abraham’s descendants when he says “they” later in the verse. Alternate translation: “will enslave them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
944 | ACT | 7 | 8 | iwfx | writing-pronouns | ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ…ἐγέννησεν | 1 | The first instance of he refers to God, while the word him and the second instance of he refer to Abraham. For clarity, in your translation you might say “God gave Abraham … Abraham fathered.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
945 | ACT | 7 | 8 | mwc9 | figs-explicit | ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ διαθήκην περιτομῆς | 1 | God gave him the covenant of circumcision | Stephen’s listeners would have known that this covenant required Abraham to circumcise the males of his family. Alternate translation: “he made a covenant that required Abraham to circumcise the males of his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
946 | ACT | 7 | 8 | oel3 | translate-names | τὸν Ἰσαὰκ…τὸν Ἰακώβ | 1 | Isaac and Jacob are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
947 | ACT | 7 | 8 | g67f | translate-names | τὸν Ἰσαὰκ…τὸν Ἰακώβ | 1 | These are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
948 | ACT | 7 | 8 | ams1 | figs-ellipsis | καὶ Ἰσαὰκ τὸν Ἰακώβ, καὶ Ἰακὼβ τοὺς δώδεκα πατριάρχας | 1 | Jacob of the 12 patriarchs | Stephen is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “and Isaac fathered Jacob, and Jacob fathered the 12 patriarchs” or “and Isaac became the father of Jacob, and Jacob became the father of the 12 patriarchs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
949 | ACT | 7 | 8 | gaww | figs-explicit | τοὺς δώδεκα πατριάρχας | 1 | Stephen assumes that his listeners will know that he is using the word patriarchs to mean the sons of Jacob who became the ancestors of the tribes of Israel. Alternate translation: “12 sons who became the ancestors of the tribes of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
950 | ACT | 7 | 9 | n981 | translate-kinship | οἱ πατριάρχαι | 1 | the patriarchs | Here the word patriarchs refers to the older sons of Jacob in their relationship with Joseph. If you refer to them in your translation as Joseph’s brothers, use the word for an older brother if your language makes that distinction. Alternate translation: “Jacob’s older sons” or “Joseph’s older brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship]]) |
951 | ACT | 7 | 9 | fq7w | translate-names | τὸν Ἰωσὴφ | 1 | Joseph is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
952 | ACT | 7 | 9 | tik7 | figs-explicit | ἀπέδοντο εἰς Αἴγυπτον | 1 | sold him into Egypt | Stephen’s listeners would have known that this meant that their ancestors sold Joseph into slavery and that he was taken to Egypt to be a slave there. Alternate translation: “sold him into slavery and he was taken to Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
953 | ACT | 7 | 9 | u3dp | translate-names | Αἴγυπτον | 1 | Egypt is the name of a place. See how you translated it in 2:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
954 | ACT | 7 | 9 | w1is | figs-idiom | ἦν…μετ’ αὐτοῦ | 1 | was with him | When Stephen says that God was with Joseph, this is an idiom that means God helped him. Alternate translation: “helped him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
955 | ACT | 7 | 10 | kxgk | writing-pronouns | ἐξείλατο αὐτὸν ἐκ πασῶν τῶν θλίψεων αὐτοῦ; καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ | 1 | In these phrases the word he refers to God and the words him and his refer to Joseph. Alternate translation: “God rescued Joseph from all his afflictions, and God gave Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
956 | ACT | 7 | 10 | bfoo | figs-abstractnouns | ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ χάριν καὶ σοφίαν ἐναντίον Φαραὼ | 1 | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract nouns favor and wisdom with adjectives. Alternate translation: “God made Pharaoh favorable towards Joseph and enabled Joseph to give Pharaoh wise advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
957 | ACT | 7 | 10 | vpir | figs-idiom | ἐναντίον Φαραὼ | 1 | Here the phrase before Pharaoh may be an idiom that means “in the presence of.” Alternate translation: “whenever he was in the presence of Pharaoh” or see next note for another possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
958 | ACT | 7 | 10 | s5vk | figs-metonymy | ἐναντίον Φαραὼ | 1 | The phrase before Pharaoh could also refer to Pharaoh’s opinion, by association with the way that Pharaoh would assess anything that came to his attention in front of him. Alternate translation: “in Pharaoh’s perspective” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
959 | ACT | 7 | 10 | nycs | writing-pronouns | κατέστησεν αὐτὸν ἡγούμενον ἐπ’ Αἴγυπτον, καὶ ὅλον τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ | 1 | In these phrases the words he and his refer to Pharaoh and the word him refers to Joseph. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh appointed Joseph governor over Egypt and all his household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
960 | ACT | 7 | 10 | yr7m | figs-metonymy | ἐπ’ Αἴγυπτον | 1 | over Egypt | The word Egypt refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “over all the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
961 | ACT | 7 | 10 | pb4p | figs-metonymy | ὅλον τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ | 1 | over all his household | The word household refers to Pharaoh’s own servants and all his possessions. Alternate translation: “over all his servants and everything he owned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
962 | ACT | 7 | 11 | p42j | figs-personification | ἦλθεν…λιμὸς ἐφ’ ὅλην τὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ Χανάαν, καὶ θλῖψις μεγάλη | 1 | came a famine | Here, Stephen speaks figuratively of famine and tribulation as if they came to Egypt and Canaan on their own. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “there was a famine over all Egypt and Canaan, and there was great tribulation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
963 | ACT | 7 | 11 | ncnr | translate-names | Χανάαν | 1 | Canaan is the name of a place, the land where the Israelites eventually settled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
964 | ACT | 7 | 11 | frd4 | figs-abstractnouns | καὶ θλῖψις μεγάλη | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of tribulation, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and people suffered greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
965 | ACT | 7 | 11 | p37v | figs-explicit | οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν | 1 | our fathers | Stephen is using the term fathers figuratively to mean “ancestors.” He means specifically Jacob and his sons (Joseph’s older brothers), as UST indicates. Alternate translation: “our ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
966 | ACT | 7 | 12 | pia8 | figs-explicit | ὄντα σιτία εἰς Αἴγυπτον | 1 | grain | Stephen assumes that his readers will know that with Joseph as his administrator, Pharaoh had stored up grain during prosperous years and was now selling it. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that people could buy stored grain from Pharaoh in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
967 | ACT | 7 | 12 | cvhm | figs-explicit | ἐξαπέστειλεν τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν πρῶτον | 1 | By first, Stephen does not mean that Jacob sent Joseph’s older brothers to Egypt before he sent anyone else, or before he did anything else. He means that Jacob sent them for a first time and would later send them for a second time, as Stephen’s listeners would have understood. Alternate translation: “he sent our fathers on a first trip there to buy food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
968 | ACT | 7 | 12 | mbg8 | figs-metaphor | τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν | 1 | our fathers | Stephen is using the term fathers figuratively to mean “ancestors.” Here he means specifically Joseph’s older brothers, as UST indicates. Alternate translation: “our ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
969 | ACT | 7 | 13 | a5f3 | figs-nominaladj | ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ | 1 | Stephen is using the adjective second as a noun, to mean the second time that Joseph’s brothers went to Egypt. ULT adds time to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “when Jacob sent them to Egypt again to buy more food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
970 | ACT | 7 | 13 | ce2b | translate-ordinal | ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ | 1 | On their second time | If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “during trip number two” or “on their next trip” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) |
971 | ACT | 7 | 13 | m37e | figs-activepassive | ἀνεγνωρίσθη Ἰωσὴφ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ | 1 | was made known | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joseph made himself known to his brothers” or “Joseph revealed to his brothers his identity as their brother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
972 | ACT | 7 | 13 | jxk8 | figs-activepassive | φανερὸν ἐγένετο τῷ Φαραὼ τὸ γένος Ἰωσήφ | 1 | the family of Joseph became known to Pharaoh | The phrase became known is not actually a passive from in Greek, but it might sound like one in other languages. If your language does not use passive forms, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh learned that they were Joseph’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
973 | ACT | 7 | 14 | aam5 | grammar-connect-logic-goal | ἀποστείλας…Ἰωσὴφ μετεκαλέσατο Ἰακὼβ | 1 | sending them back | Stephen means that Joseph sent his brothers back home in order to get their father Jacob. Alternate translation: “Joseph sent his brothers back to Canaan to get Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) |
974 | ACT | 7 | 14 | wl32 | figs-idiom | ἐν ψυχαῖς ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε | 1 | Stephen is using a Hebrew idiom here. Alternate translation: “who amounted to 75 people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
975 | ACT | 7 | 15 | zasp | figs-idiom | κατέβη Ἰακὼβ εἰς Αἴγυπτον | 1 | Stephen says that Jacob went down because he traveled from the hilly and mountainous terrain of Canaan to the lowlying land of Egypt. Alternate translation: “Jacob traveled to Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
976 | ACT | 7 | 15 | w2sm | figs-explicit | ἐτελεύτησεν αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν | 1 | he and our fathers died | Stephen’s listeners would have known that Jacob and his sons lived in Egypt for some time. Make sure that your translation does not make it sound as if they died as soon as they arrived in Egypt. Alternate translation: “eventually Jacob and our ancestors died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
977 | ACT | 7 | 15 | fe56 | figs-metaphor | αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν | 1 | he and our fathers | Stephen is using the term fathers figuratively to mean “ancestors.” Here he means specifically Jacob’s sons (Joseph’s older brothers), as UST indicates. Alternate translation: “Jacob and his sons who became our ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
978 | ACT | 7 | 16 | slg3 | figs-activepassive | μετετέθησαν εἰς Συχὲμ, καὶ ἐτέθησαν | 1 | they were carried over … and laid | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jacob’s descendants brought his body and his son’s bodies to Shechem and buried them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
979 | ACT | 7 | 16 | pnur | translate-names | Συχὲμ | 1 | Shechem is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
980 | ACT | 7 | 16 | la8a | translate-bmoney | τιμῆς ἀργυρίου | 1 | for a price in silver | In biblical times, people used silver as money. Alternate translation: “for a sum of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) |
981 | ACT | 7 | 16 | pk1p | translate-names | τῶν υἱῶν Ἑμμὼρ | 1 | Hamor is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
982 | ACT | 7 | 17 | tuq2 | figs-events | καθὼς δὲ ἤγγιζεν ὁ χρόνος τῆς ἐπαγγελίας…ηὔξησεν ὁ λαὸς καὶ ἐπληθύνθη | 1 | And as the time of the promise … approached, the people increased and multiplied | In your language it may be helpful to say that the people increased and multiplied before saying that the time of the promise approached. Alternate translation: “the people increased and multiplied in Egypt as the time of the promise … approached” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) |
983 | ACT | 7 | 17 | kh8g | figs-personification | καθὼς…ἤγγιζεν ὁ χρόνος τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, ἧς ὡμολόγησεν ὁ Θεὸς τῷ Ἀβραάμ | 1 | Stephen is speaking figuratively of this time as if it were a person and could have approached on its own. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “when it was almost time for God to fulfill the promise he had sworn to Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
984 | ACT | 7 | 17 | tlh9 | figs-explicit | καθὼς…ἤγγιζεν ὁ χρόνος τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, ἧς ὡμολόγησεν ὁ Θεὸς τῷ Ἀβραάμ | 1 | the time of the promise … approached | Stephen is referring to the promise that he described in 7:7. God promised Abraham that he would deliver his descendants from a nation that would enslave them and that he would bring them back to the land of Canaan. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “as the time approached of the promise that God had sworn to Abraham, that he would deliver his descendants from slavery and bring them back to Canaan,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
985 | ACT | 7 | 17 | s2oe | figs-hendiadys | ηὔξησεν ὁ λαὸς καὶ ἐπληθύνθη | 1 | Stephen is using the two words increased and multiplied together to express a single idea. The word multiplied tells in what way the people increased. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use and. Alternate translation: “the people increased greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) | |
986 | ACT | 7 | 18 | whe7 | figs-metaphor | ἀνέστη βασιλεὺς ἕτερος ἐπ’ Αἴγυπτον | 1 | there arose over Egypt another king | When Stephen says that this next king arose, he is using a spatial metaphor to mean that this king began his reign. Alternate translation: “another king began to rule over Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
987 | ACT | 7 | 18 | g2wq | figs-metonymy | ἐπ’ Αἴγυπτον | 1 | over Egypt | The word Egypt refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “over the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
988 | ACT | 7 | 18 | e2y6 | figs-metonymy | ὃς οὐκ ᾔδει τὸν Ἰωσήφ | 1 | who did not know Joseph | Stephen is not saying that this king did not know Joseph personally. Joseph had been dead for centuries by this point. Rather, Joseph refers to the reputation of Joseph. Alternate translation: “who did not know that Joseph had helped Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
989 | ACT | 7 | 19 | qwbi | writing-pronouns | οὗτος | 1 | He refers to the new king of Egypt, not to Joseph. Alternate translation: “This king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
990 | ACT | 7 | 19 | z312 | figs-metaphor | τοὺς πατέρας | 1 | Here and frequently throughout the rest of his speech to the Sanhedrin, Stephen is using the term fathers figuratively to mean “ancestors.” If your readers might not understand this, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “our ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
991 | ACT | 7 | 19 | ug6c | figs-gendernotations | τοὺς πατέρας | 1 | Although the term fathers is masculine, when Stephen uses it to mean “ancestors,” it has a generic sense that includes both men and women. Here and throughout the speech, if you retain the metaphor in your translation, you could say “our fathers and mothers” to indicate this generic sense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) | |
992 | ACT | 7 | 19 | rh3k | figs-explicit | τοῦ ποιεῖν τὰ βρέφη ἔκθετα αὐτῶν | 1 | Stephen assumes that his listeners will know that by exposed he means “left outside.” This was an unfortunate means of infanticide in the ancient world. Alternate translation: “forcing them to leave their babies outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
993 | ACT | 7 | 19 | n2vl | figs-doublenegatives | εἰς τὸ μὴ ζῳογονεῖσθαι | 1 | Stephen is using a double negative that consists of the negative particle not and the verb keep alive, which was negative from Pharaoh’s perspective, since it was contrary to his intentions. If your readers might misunderstand this double negative, , you could translate it as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “in order to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
994 | ACT | 7 | 20 | nib6 | grammar-connect-time-simultaneous | ἐν ᾧ καιρῷ | 1 | Stephen uses this phrase to introduce something that happened while Pharaoh was trying to kill the Israelite babies. Alternate translation: “While this was happening,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) | |
995 | ACT | 7 | 20 | q66s | writing-participants | ἐγεννήθη Μωϋσῆς | 1 | At that time Moses was born | Here Stephen introduces Moses into his story. See how you translated his name in 3:22. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
996 | ACT | 7 | 20 | cz9w | figs-activepassive | ἐγεννήθη Μωϋσῆς | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the birth of Moses took place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
997 | ACT | 7 | 20 | cd5z | figs-idiom | ἦν ἀστεῖος τῷ Θεῷ | 1 | he was beautiful to God | This could mean: (1) that Moses was beautiful in God’s perspective. Alternate translation: “God considered him to be beautiful” (2) in an idiiom, that Moses was very beautiful. Alternate translation: “he was very beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
998 | ACT | 7 | 20 | pnb1 | figs-activepassive | ὃς ἀνετράφη…ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ πατρός | 1 | was nourished | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, you can make Moses’ parents the subject. Alternate translation: “his parents cared for him … in their home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
999 | ACT | 7 | 21 | w3iu | figs-activepassive | ἐκτεθέντος δὲ αὐτοῦ | 1 | But when he was exposed | Moses was exposed because of Pharaoh’s command. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, the context suggests that it was Moses’ parents. Alternate translation: “when his parents had to place him outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1000 | ACT | 7 | 21 | el3b | figs-metaphor | ἀνείλατο αὐτὸν | 1 | This could mean: (1) that Pharaoh’s daughter adopted Moses. The verb can have this figurative legal meaning. Alternate translation: “adopted him” (2) that she lifted him up out of the basket he was in on the banks of the Nile. (This story is told in Exodus 2:1-10.) Alternate translation: “rescued him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1001 | ACT | 7 | 22 | c9nw | figs-activepassive | ἐπαιδεύθη Μωϋσῆς πάσῃ σοφίᾳ Αἰγυπτίων | 1 | Moses was educated | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Egyptians educated Moses in all of their wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1002 | ACT | 7 | 22 | att9 | figs-hyperbole | πάσῃ σοφίᾳ Αἰγυπτίων | 1 | in all the wisdom of the Egyptians | Stephen says all as an exaggeration for emphasis. Alternate translation: “thoroughly in the wisdom of the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
1003 | ACT | 7 | 22 | m3dm | δυνατὸς ἐν λόγοις καὶ ἔργοις αὐτοῦ | 1 | mighty in his words and works | Alternate translation: “effective in his speech and actions” or “influential in what he said and did” | |
1004 | ACT | 7 | 23 | o4cg | figs-idiom | ὡς…ἐπληροῦτο αὐτῷ τεσσερακονταετὴς χρόνος | 1 | This is an idiomatic way of speaking about time. Alternate translation: “after Moses had turned forty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1005 | ACT | 7 | 23 | b9gd | figs-activepassive | ὡς…ἐπληροῦτο αὐτῷ τεσσερακονταετὴς χρόνος | 1 | Since this is an idiom, it would probably not be meaningful in most languages to retain the verb “fill” and use an active verbal form instead of the passive form. However, if your language does speak of someone or something “filling” days or times so that they arrive, and if your language does not use passive verbal forms, you could use an active form of “fill” here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1006 | ACT | 7 | 23 | ckxj | figs-idiom | ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ | 1 | The phrase it came up on his heart is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he felt a desire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1007 | ACT | 7 | 23 | fj9s | figs-metonymy | ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ | 1 | it came into his heart | Here, heart is a metonym for the thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “he felt a desire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1008 | ACT | 7 | 23 | x493 | figs-metaphor | τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ, τοὺς υἱοὺς Ἰσραήλ | 1 | to visit his brothers, the sons of Israel | Stephen is using the word brothers figuratively to mean “kinsmen,” and he is using the word sons figuratively to mean “descendants.” Alternate translation: “his kinsmen, the descendants of Israel” or, if the word “Israel” might make your readers think of the nation rather than the person, “his kinsmen, the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1009 | ACT | 7 | 23 | i4ko | figs-gendernotations | τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ, τοὺς υἱοὺς Ἰσραήλ | 1 | Although the terms brothers and sons are masculine, Stephen is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you decide to retain the metaphor in your translation, you could say “brothers and sisters” and “sons and daughters” to indicate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) | |
1010 | ACT | 7 | 24 | l4zv | figs-activepassive | ἰδών τινα ἀδικούμενον | 1 | And seeing a certain one being mistreated, he defended him and made vengeance for the one being oppressed by striking the Egyptian | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the Egyptian who is mentioned later in the verse. Alternate translation: “seeing an Egyptian mistreating an Israelite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1011 | ACT | 7 | 24 | y3yh | figs-activepassive | ἐποίησεν ἐκδίκησιν τῷ καταπονουμένῳ, πατάξας τὸν Αἰγύπτιον | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “avenged him by striking the Egyptian who was oppressing him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1012 | ACT | 7 | 24 | r2e8 | figs-explicit | πατάξας τὸν Αἰγύπτιον | 1 | by striking the Egyptian | Stephen assumes that his listeners will know that Moses hit the Egyptian so hard that he died. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “striking and killing the Egyptian” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1013 | ACT | 7 | 25 | hrsh | figs-metaphor | τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς | 1 | Stephen is using the word brothers figuratively to mean “kinsmen.” Alternate translation: “his kinsmen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1014 | ACT | 7 | 25 | mug9 | figs-gendernotations | τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς | 1 | Although the term brothers is masculine, Stephen is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you decide to retain the metaphor in your translation, you could say “brothers and sisters” to indicate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) | |
1015 | ACT | 7 | 25 | f6sn | figs-abstractnouns | δίδωσιν σωτηρίαν αὐτοῖς | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of salvation, you could express the same idea in another way. In context, the word refers to God using Moses to deliver the Israelites from slavery. Alternate translation: “was delivering them from slavery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1016 | ACT | 7 | 25 | nhb9 | figs-metonymy | διὰ χειρὸς αὐτοῦ | 1 | by his hand was giving salvation to them | Here, hand refers to the actions of Moses. Alternate translation: “through his actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1017 | ACT | 7 | 26 | t2vc | figs-explicit | αὐτοῖς | 1 | to them as they were quarreling | It is clear from the context that these were two Israelite men, though Stephen does not say that specifically. Alternate translation: “to two Israelite men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1018 | ACT | 7 | 26 | qyc2 | figs-youdual | αὐτοῖς…αὐτοὺς…ἐστε…ἀδικεῖτε | 1 | Since Moses is speaking to two people, these uses of them and you would be dual if your language uses that form. Otherwise, they would be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
1019 | ACT | 7 | 26 | mpc7 | figs-abstractnouns | συνήλλασσεν αὐτοὺς εἰς εἰρήνην | 1 | he urged them to peace | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of peace, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “he urged them to stop fighting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
1020 | ACT | 7 | 26 | kyde | figs-quotesinquotes | εἰπών, ἄνδρες, ἀδελφοί ἐστε. ἱνα τί ἀδικεῖτε ἀλλήλους? | 1 | If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “telling them that they were brothers and asking them why they were hurting each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
1021 | ACT | 7 | 26 | zzt4 | figs-idiom | ἄνδρες | 1 | Men, you are brothers | This is an idiomatic form of address. Translate it with an expression that would be natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1022 | ACT | 7 | 26 | z5g2 | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί | 1 | Moses is using the word brothers figuratively to mean “kinsmen.” Alternate translation: “kinsmen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1023 | ACT | 7 | 26 | k1ku | figs-rquestion | ἱνα τί ἀδικεῖτε ἀλλήλους? | 1 | Why is it that you are hurting each other? | Moses is using a rhetorical question here to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You should not be hurting each other!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
1024 | ACT | 7 | 27 | xef7 | writing-pronouns | αὐτὸν | 1 | The word him refers to Moses, not to the neighbor. Alternate translation: “Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1025 | ACT | 7 | 27 | iq30 | figs-quotesinquotes | εἰπών, τίς σε κατέστησεν ἄρχοντα καὶ δικαστὴν ἐφ’ ἡμῶν? | 1 | If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “asking him who appointed him a ruler and a judge over them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
1026 | ACT | 7 | 27 | q2r4 | figs-rquestion | τίς σε κατέστησεν ἄρχοντα καὶ δικαστὴν ἐφ’ ἡμῶν? | 1 | Who appointed you a ruler and a judge over us? | The man is using a rhetorical question to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “No one appointed you a ruler and judge over us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
1027 | ACT | 7 | 27 | wtq4 | figs-doublet | ἄρχοντα καὶ δικαστὴν | 1 | In this context, the words ruler and judge mean basically the same thing. The man is using repetition to emphasize the fact that he feels that Moses has no authority over them. If your language does not use repetition for such a purpose, you could use a single phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “an authority with power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1028 | ACT | 7 | 27 | t1hw | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | The man is using the word our to refer to himself and to his neighbor, but not to Moses, so use the exclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
1029 | ACT | 7 | 28 | vow8 | figs-doublenegatives | μὴ ἀνελεῖν με σὺ θέλεις, ὃν τρόπον ἀνεῖλες ἐχθὲς τὸν Αἰγύπτιον | 1 | The first word of this sentence in Greek is a negative word that can be used to turn a negative statement into a question that expects a negative answer. ULT shows this by adding do you? Your language may have other ways of asking a question that expects a negative answer, for example, by changing the word order of a positive statement. Translate this in the way that would be clearest in your language. Alternate translation: “Do you want to kill me the way you killed the Egyptian yesterday” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
1030 | ACT | 7 | 28 | hk1g | figs-rquestion | μὴ ἀνελεῖν με σὺ θέλεις, ὃν τρόπον ἀνεῖλες ἐχθὲς τὸν Αἰγύπτιον? | 1 | You do not want to kill me in the same way you killed the Egyptian yesterday, do you? | The man is using a rhetorical question implicitly to threaten Moses by indicating that he and probably others knew that Moses had killed the Egyptian. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “I suppose you want to kill me the way you killed the Egyptian yesterday!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
1031 | ACT | 7 | 28 | qfxh | figs-quotesinquotes | μὴ ἀνελεῖν με σὺ θέλεις, ὃν τρόπον ἀνεῖλες ἐχθὲς τὸν Αἰγύπτιον? | 1 | If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “The man asked Moses if he wanted to kill him the way he had killed the Egyptian the day before.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
1032 | ACT | 7 | 28 | jxka | ὃν τρόπον | 1 | Alternate translation: “in the same way in which” | ||
1033 | ACT | 7 | 29 | l149 | figs-explicit | ἔφυγεν…Μωϋσῆς ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ | 1 | General Information: | The implication is that Moses fled because he recognized that these Israelites, and probably others, knew that he had killed an Egyptian. Moses feared that he would be punished or even killed for this crime. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Moses ran away at this word to try to escape from being punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1034 | ACT | 7 | 29 | rbhm | figs-metonymy | ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ | 1 | Stephen is using the term word figuratively to mean what the man said by using words. Alternate translation: “at this statement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1035 | ACT | 7 | 29 | pit4 | translate-names | Μαδιάμ | 1 | Midian is the name of a country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1036 | ACT | 7 | 29 | q8qv | figs-explicit | οὗ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς δύο | 1 | at this statement | Stephen assumes that his listeners will know that Moses married a Midianite woman when he fled from Egypt. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “where he married a Midianite woman and fathered two sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1037 | ACT | 7 | 30 | zx1c | figs-explicit | πληρωθέντων ἐτῶν τεσσεράκοντα | 1 | And when 40 years were past | This is an idiomatic way of speaking about time. Alternate translation: “after 40 years had gone by” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1038 | ACT | 7 | 30 | qci0 | figs-activepassive | πληρωθέντων ἐτῶν τεσσεράκοντα | 1 | Since this is an idiom, it would probably not be meaningful in most languages to retain the verb “fill” and use an active verbal form instead of the passive form. However, if your language does speak of someone or something “filling” days or times so that they arrive, and if your language does not use passive verbal forms, you could use an active form of “fill” here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1039 | ACT | 7 | 30 | veft | figs-idiom | ὤφθη αὐτῷ…ἄγγελος | 1 | The word appeared does not mean that Moses simply saw this angel in a vision. Rather, this expression indicates that the angel was actually present with Moses. Alternate translation: “suddenly an angel was there with Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1040 | ACT | 7 | 30 | f7yu | figs-explicit | ὤφθη αὐτῷ…ἄγγελος | 1 | an angel appeared | Stephen assumes that his listeners know that God came to speak with Moses through the angel. The UST makes this explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1041 | ACT | 7 | 31 | q6w6 | figs-explicit | ἐθαύμασεν τὸ ὅραμα | 1 | he marveled at the sight | Stephen assumes that his listeners will know that Moses admired the sight because the bush was not burning up, even though it was on fire. Alternate translation: “marveled at what he saw, because the fire was not consuming the bush” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1042 | ACT | 7 | 31 | uk7u | figs-personification | ἐγένετο φωνὴ Κυρίου | 1 | and as he approached to look at it | Stephen is speaking figuratively of the voice of the Lord as if it were a person and that it came on its own. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “the Lord spoke to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
1043 | ACT | 7 | 32 | b26o | figs-quotesinquotes | ἐγὼ ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πατέρων σου, ὁ Θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ Ἰσαὰκ, καὶ Ἰακώβ | 1 | If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “The Lord told Moses that he was the God of his fathers, the God of Abraham, and of Isaac, and of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
1044 | ACT | 7 | 33 | bpml | figs-quotesinquotes | εἶπεν…αὐτῷ ὁ Κύριος, λῦσον τὸ ὑπόδημα τῶν ποδῶν σου, ὁ γὰρ τόπος ἐφ’ ᾧ ἕστηκας γῆ ἁγία ἐστίν | 1 | If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “the Lord told Moses to untie the sandals that were on his feet, because the place on which he was standing was holy ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
1045 | ACT | 7 | 33 | x7cd | translate-symaction | λῦσον τὸ ὑπόδημα τῶν ποδῶν σου, ὁ γὰρ τόπος ἐφ’ ᾧ ἕστηκας γῆ ἁγία ἐστίν | 1 | Untie the sandals | In this culture, removing footwear was a symbolic way of acknowledging that a place was sacred. Footwear that had been worn elsewhere should not touch it. Your readers may understand the symbolic meaning of this action. If not, you could explain it in your translation. Alternate translation: “Untie your sandals and remove them to acknowledge that the place on which you are standing is holy ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
1046 | ACT | 7 | 33 | rxnj | figs-explicit | λῦσον τὸ ὑπόδημα τῶν ποδῶν σου | 1 | The implication is that God wanted Moses not only to untie his sandals but also to remove them. Alternate translation: “Untie your sandals and remove them from your feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1047 | ACT | 7 | 33 | xl9p | τὸ ὑπόδημα τῶν ποδῶν σου | 1 | Since this refers to both sandals, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of sandals. If your language uses the dual form, it would be appropriate to use that here. Alternate translation: “the sandals on your feet” or “the sandals you are wearing” | ||
1048 | ACT | 7 | 33 | clk4 | figs-explicit | ὁ γὰρ τόπος ἐφ’ ᾧ ἕστηκας γῆ ἁγία ἐστίν | 1 | for the place on which you are standing is holy ground | The implication is that where God is present, the immediate area around God is considered or made holy by God. Alternate translation: “for the place on which you are standing has been made holy by my presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1049 | ACT | 7 | 34 | l0au | figs-quotesinquotes | ἰδὼν, εἶδον τὴν κάκωσιν τοῦ λαοῦ μου τοῦ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, καὶ τοῦ στεναγμοῦ αὐτῶν ἤκουσα, καὶ κατέβην ἐξελέσθαι αὐτούς; καὶ νῦν δεῦρο, ἀποστείλω σε εἰς Αἴγυπτον. | 1 | If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “The Lord said that he had certainly seen the oppression of his people who were in Egypt and that he had heard their groaning and that he had come down to rescue them. He told Moses to get ready because he was sending him to Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
1050 | ACT | 7 | 34 | yz7b | figs-idiom | ἰδὼν, εἶδον | 1 | I have certainly seen | Stephen is reproducing a Hebrew idiom from the biblical account of Moses at the burning bush. The verb seen is repeated in Hebrew. This repetition expresses the intensity, certainty, or clarity of Yahweh’s having seen how his people were being oppressed. This Hebrew practice of verb repetition for intensification cannot be directly translated into English. Use a natural form of strengthening a verb from your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1051 | ACT | 7 | 34 | x5bg | figs-possession | τοῦ λαοῦ μου | 1 | of my people | God uses the possessive word my to emphasize that these people were in a covenant relationship with him based on his promises to their ancestors. Alternate translation: “of the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
1052 | ACT | 7 | 34 | j32c | figs-metaphor | κατέβην ἐξελέσθαι αὐτούς | 1 | I have come down to rescue them | God describes himself as having come down from heaven to earth to help the Israelites. His presence was in the burning bush, but he also means figuratively that he is taking action to rescue them. Alternate translation: “I will personally bring about their release” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1053 | ACT | 7 | 34 | atdo | grammar-connect-logic-result | καὶ | 3 | God is using the word translated And to introduce what he wants Moses to do as a result of what he has told him. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
1054 | ACT | 7 | 34 | sq8y | figs-imperative | νῦν δεῦρο | 1 | now come | God is giving an order here. Alternate translation: “get ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) |
1055 | ACT | 7 | 34 | x34c | figs-declarative | ἀποστείλω σε εἰς Αἴγυπτον | 1 | God is not asking Moses’ permission when he says let me send you to Egypt. This is a way of saying “I will send you to Egypt,” and that statement in turn is functioning as a command. Alternate translation: “you must go to Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]]) | |
1056 | ACT | 7 | 35 | x4p2 | figs-litany | τοῦτον τὸν Μωϋσῆν | 1 | General Information: | Verses 35, 36, 37, and 38 contains a series of similar phrases emphasizing the role of Moses. Stephen says This Moses, “This one,” “This is the Moses,” and “This is the one.” If possible, use similar statements in your own translation to emphasize Moses. You may also wish to make each of these verses a separate paragraph or use formatting in some other way to highlight the repeated phrases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litany]]) |
1057 | ACT | 7 | 35 | nv5g | figs-quotesinquotes | εἰπόντες, τίς σε κατέστησεν ἄρχοντα καὶ δικαστήν? | 1 | If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. See what you did in 7:27. Alternate translation: “asking him who appointed him a ruler and a judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
1058 | ACT | 7 | 35 | vuqy | figs-rquestion | τίς σε κατέστησεν ἄρχοντα καὶ δικαστήν? | 1 | See how you translated this rhetorical question in 7:27. Alternate translation: “No one appointed you a ruler and a judge!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1059 | ACT | 7 | 35 | oic6 | figs-doublet | ἄρχοντα καὶ δικαστήν | 1 | See how you translated the combination of ruler and judge in 7:27. Alternate translation: “an authority with power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1060 | ACT | 7 | 35 | vp7e | λυτρωτὴν | 1 | a redeemer | In this context, the word translated redeemer refers to someone who delivers people from earthly troubles, not someone who brings eternal salvation. Alternate translation: “a rescuer” | |
1061 | ACT | 7 | 35 | yjz9 | figs-metonymy | σὺν χειρὶ ἀγγέλου | 1 | with the hand of the angel who appeared to him in the bush | Here, hand is a metonym for the capability and actions of someone. Alternate translation: “accompanied by the power of the angel” or “through the actions of the angel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1062 | ACT | 7 | 35 | abc9 | figs-idiom | ὀφθέντος αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ βάτῳ | 1 | appeared to him | See how you translated the word appeared in 7:30. Here as well, the word does not mean that Moses simply saw this angel in a vision. Alternate translation: “who was with him at the bush” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1063 | ACT | 7 | 36 | gz9r | figs-doublet | τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα | 1 | during 40 years | The terms wonders and signs mean similar things. Stephen is using them together for emphasis. See how you translated the similar expression in 2:22. Alternate translation: “great miracles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
1064 | ACT | 7 | 36 | n75x | translate-names | Ἐρυθρᾷ Θαλάσσῃ | 1 | Stephen is using the name that was common in his culture, the Red Sea, to refer to the body of water that the Old Testament calls “the Sea of Reeds.” Decide whether you want to use the name that Stephen uses here or the name that you are using in your translation in the Old Testament, if they are different. Alternate translation: “the Sea of Reeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1065 | ACT | 7 | 37 | k710 | figs-quotesinquotes | ὁ εἴπας τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραήλ, προφήτην ὑμῖν ἀναστήσει ὁ Θεὸς, ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν, ὡς ἐμέ | 1 | If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “who told the sons of Israel that God would raise up a prophet like him for them from their brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
1066 | ACT | 7 | 37 | vykp | figs-metaphor | τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραήλ | 1 | Stephen is using the word sons figuratively to mean “descendants.” Alternate translation: “to the descendants of Israel” or “to the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1067 | ACT | 7 | 37 | b4sg | figs-idiom | προφήτην ὑμῖν ἀναστήσει…ὡς ἐμέ | 1 | will raise up a prophet | Here, the expression raise up describes God giving someone the mission to go as a prophet to certain people. See how you translated it in 3:22. Alternate translation: “will send you a prophet like me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1068 | ACT | 7 | 37 | j2rx | figs-metaphor | τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν | 1 | from among your brothers | Stephen is using the word brothers figuratively to mean “kinsmen.” Alternate translation: “your kinsmen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1069 | ACT | 7 | 38 | fd25 | writing-pronouns | οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ | 1 | This is the one | This is the one refers to Moses. You may have decided to use similar language and special formatting in verses 35–38 to highlight the way Stephen is emphasizing Moses. However, if you think the reference would not be clear at this point, you could state his name. Alternate translation: “Moses is the one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
1070 | ACT | 7 | 38 | z1z7 | figs-infostructure | μετὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου τοῦ λαλοῦντος αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ Ὄρει Σινά, καὶ τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν, ὃς ἐδέξατο λόγια ζῶντα | 1 | It might be more natural to put the information about Mount Sinai next to the information about Moses receiving living words. Alternate translation: “with our fathers and with the angel who was speaking to him on Mount Sinai, who received living words” or “with our fathers and with the angel who was speaking to him on Mount Sinai, where he received living words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]]) | |
1071 | ACT | 7 | 38 | vdnz | writing-pronouns | τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν, ὃς ἐδέξατο | 1 | This second instance of who in the verse refers to Moses, not to the fathers. For clarity, you could state his name and start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “with our fathers. Moses received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1072 | ACT | 7 | 38 | y2zu | figs-explicit | ὃς ἐδέξατο λόγια ζῶντα | 1 | who received living words to give to us | It may be helpful in your language to specify who gave Moses the words that he received. Stephen assumes that his listeners will know that this was God. Alternate translation: “to whom God gave living words” or “to whom God spoke living words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1073 | ACT | 7 | 38 | p3xk | figs-metonymy | λόγια ζῶντα | 1 | living words | Stephen is using the term words to mean the message that God communicated through words. Alternate translation: “a living message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1074 | ACT | 7 | 38 | w2gs | figs-metaphor | λόγια ζῶντα | 1 | Stephen is using the term living figuratively to describe God’s words as if they were alive. This could mean: (1) that God’s message is always effective. Alternate translation: “an enduring message” (2) that God’s message shows how to live as God wishes. Alternate translation: “a life-giving message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1075 | ACT | 7 | 39 | ab0s | writing-pronouns | ᾧ οὐκ ἠθέλησαν ὑπήκοοι γενέσθαι οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν | 1 | The word whom refers to Moses. It may be helpful to state his name and to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Our fathers were not willing to be obedient to Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1076 | ACT | 7 | 39 | mvz8 | figs-metaphor | ἀπώσαντο | 1 | they pushed him away | Stephen is speaking figuratively to emphasize the Israelites’ rejection of Moses. Alternate translation: “they rejected him as their leader” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1077 | ACT | 7 | 39 | z3ze | figs-metonymy | ἐστράφησαν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν εἰς Αἴγυπτον | 1 | turned back in their hearts | Here, hearts is a metonym for people’s desires. Alternate translation: “made it their desire to return to Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1078 | ACT | 7 | 40 | l8u7 | figs-quotesinquotes | εἰπόντες τῷ Ἀαρών, ποίησον ἡμῖν θεοὺς οἳ προπορεύσονται ἡμῶν. ὁ γὰρ Μωϋσῆς οὗτος, ὃς ἐξήγαγεν ἡμᾶς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου, οὐκ οἴδαμεν τί ἐγένετο αὐτῷ. | 1 | If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “They asked Aaron to make gods for them who would go ahead of them, because they did not know what had happened to Moses, who had brought them from the land of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
1079 | ACT | 7 | 40 | kb3o | εἰπόντες τῷ Ἀαρών | 1 | It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “They said to Aaron” | ||
1080 | ACT | 7 | 40 | fzsq | translate-names | τῷ Ἀαρών | 1 | Aaron is the name of a man, the older brother of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1081 | ACT | 7 | 40 | a68q | figs-infostructure | ὁ γὰρ Μωϋσῆς οὗτος, ὃς ἐξήγαγεν ἡμᾶς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου, οὐκ οἴδαμεν τί ἐγένετο αὐτῷ | 1 | It may be more natural to put the information about Moses at the end of the sentence. Alternate translation: “For we do not know what has happened to this Moses who brought us from the land of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]]) | |
1082 | ACT | 7 | 41 | ux1j | figs-explicit | ἐμοσχοποίησαν | 1 | they made an image of a calf | Stephen assumes that his listeners will know that this image of a calf was a statue that the Israelites wanted to worship as an idol. Stephen refers to it as the idol later in the sentence. Alternate translation: “they made a statue that looked like a calf to worship as an idol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1083 | ACT | 7 | 41 | v6tx | figs-idiom | ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις | 1 | Stephen is using the term days idiomatically to refer to a specific time. Alternate translation: “at that time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1084 | ACT | 7 | 41 | hjp0 | writing-pronouns | ἐμοσχοποίησαν | 1 | The pronoun they refers back to “our fathers” in verse 39, that is, to the Israelites whom Moses led out of Egypt. Alternate translation: “the Israelites made an image of a calf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1085 | ACT | 7 | 41 | hh77 | figs-metonymy | τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν | 1 | they made an image of a calf … to the idol … the work of their hands | Stephen describes what he also calls the calf and the idol as the works of their hands, by association with the way the Israelites used their hands to make the calf. Alternate translation: “the statue they had made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1086 | ACT | 7 | 42 | d3dd | figs-metaphor | ἔστρεψεν…ὁ Θεὸς | 1 | God turned away | Stephen is speaking figuratively as if God had physically turned away. He speaks this way to emphasize that God was not pleased with the Israelites and no longer helped them. Alternate translation: “God stopped helping them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1087 | ACT | 7 | 42 | u7lx | figs-metaphor | τῇ στρατιᾷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ | 1 | the host of heaven | Here, the word host means “army,” and the word heaven means “sky.” Stephen is speaking figuratively of the stars in the sky as if they were an army. Alternate translation, as in UST: “the stars in the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1088 | ACT | 7 | 42 | ya6v | figs-activepassive | γέγραπται ἐν βίβλῳ τῶν προφητῶν | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the book of the prophets says” or “the book of the prophets records” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1089 | ACT | 7 | 42 | f314 | figs-explicit | βίβλῳ τῶν προφητῶν | 1 | the book of the prophets | This was apparently a collection of the writings of several of the Old Testament prophets on one scroll. Alternate translation: “the scroll that records sayings of the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1090 | ACT | 7 | 42 | w38i | figs-quotemarks | μὴ σφάγια καὶ θυσίας προσηνέγκατέ μοι, ἔτη τεσσεράκοντα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ | 1 | This is the beginning of a quotation from the prophet Amos, which continues through the end of verse 43. Even if your language does not customarily put one direct quotation inside another, it would be good to present this quotation from Amos as a direct quotation if possible, since God is addressing the Israelites directly in it. You may be able to indicate its beginning with an opening second-level quotation mark or with some other punctuation or convention that your language uses to indicate the start of a second-level quotation. You may also be able to use special formatting to set off the quotation, as ULT does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]]) | |
1091 | ACT | 7 | 42 | o5ly | figs-doublenegatives | μὴ σφάγια καὶ θυσίας προσηνέγκατέ μοι, ἔτη τεσσεράκοντα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, οἶκος Ἰσραήλ? | 1 | The first word of this sentence in Greek is a negative word that can be used to turn a negative statement into a question that expects a negative answer. ULT shows this by adding did you? Your language may have other ways of asking a question that expects a negative answer, for example, by changing the word order of a positive statement. Translate this in the way that would be clearest in your language. Alternate translation: “Did you offer slain beasts and offerings to me for 40 years in the wilderness, O house of Israel?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
1092 | ACT | 7 | 42 | gd1b | figs-rquestion | μὴ σφάγια καὶ θυσίας προσηνέγκατέ μοι, ἔτη τεσσεράκοντα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, οἶκος Ἰσραήλ? | 1 | You did not offer to me slain beasts and sacrifices for 40 years in the wilderness, did you, O house of Israel? | Speaking through the prophet Amos, God used the question form to emphasize to the people of Israel that they did not really worship Him in the wilderness with their sacrifices. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You did not honor me when you offered slain beasts and sacrifices for 40 years in the wilderness, O house of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
1093 | ACT | 7 | 43 | zek5 | καὶ ἀνελάβετε τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ Μολὸχ, καὶ τὸ ἄστρον τοῦ θεοῦ ὑμῶν Ῥαιφάν, τοὺς τύπους οὓς ἐποιήσατε προσκυνεῖν αὐτοῖς. καὶ μετοικιῶ ὑμᾶς ἐπέκεινα Βαβυλῶνος. | 1 | The quotation from the prophet Amos continues here. | ||
1094 | ACT | 7 | 42 | q9rr | figs-yousingular | μὴ…προσηνέγκατέ | 1 | You is plural in these instances, even though the addressee (house) is singular, because God is actually speaking to all of the Israelites. If it would not be natural in your language to use the plural in such a case, you can use singular you in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) | |
1095 | ACT | 7 | 42 | tck0 | figs-merism | σφάγια καὶ θυσίας | 1 | In a figure of speech, God is using the two main categories of sacrifices, those that involve shedding blood (slain beasts) and those that are bloodless (offerings), to mean sacrifices of all kinds. If this would be misunderstood in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or non-figurative language. Alternate translation: “all kinds of sacrifices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
1096 | ACT | 7 | 42 | j4q8 | figs-metaphor | οἶκος Ἰσραήλ | 1 | O house of Israel | Here, house means all the people descended from a particular person. It envisions them as if they were one household living together. So the house of Israel figuratively means all the people descended from the patriarch Jacob, who was also known as Israel. Alternate translation: “nation of Israel” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1097 | ACT | 7 | 43 | h20h | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | καὶ | 1 | And at the beginning of this verse introduces God’s own answer to the question he asked in the previous verse, 7:42: “You did not offer slain beasts and offerings to me …, did you?” The answer is in contrast to what the question asks. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation, followed by a sentence break: “No!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) | |
1098 | ACT | 7 | 43 | q85n | figs-irony | ἀνελάβετε…μετοικιῶ ὑμᾶς | 1 | The term took up indicates that the Israelites carried the idols this verse describes around with them as they traveled in the wilderness. The term remove in this context means that God will send them into exile as a punishment, with the sense of carrying them away from their homeland. So the punishment is ironic; if possible, use similar terms in your language that will bring out this irony. Alternate translation: “you carried around … I will carry you away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) | |
1099 | ACT | 7 | 43 | gxh2 | figs-yousingular | ἀνελάβετε…ὑμῶν…ἐποιήσατε…ὑμᾶς | 1 | As in 7:42, you is plural here, even though the addressee (“house”) is singular, since God is speaking to all of the Israelites. In this verse your is also plural. If it would not be natural in your language to use the plural in these cases, you can use the singular in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) | |
1100 | ACT | 7 | 43 | im7e | figs-explicit | τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ Μολὸχ | 1 | the tabernacle of Molech | The tabernacle of Molech was a tent or shrine that housed an idol of the false god Molech. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly, as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1101 | ACT | 7 | 43 | cq47 | figs-explicit | τὸ ἄστρον τοῦ θεοῦ ὑμῶν Ῥαιφάν | 1 | the star of your god Rephan | The Israelites were not carrying around an actual star, but an image designed to look like a star. This image was used in the worship of the false god Rephan. (This may have been the planet Saturn.) Alternate translation: “the star-shaped image of your god Rephan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1102 | ACT | 7 | 43 | gm4g | figs-explicit | τοὺς τύπους οὓς ἐποιήσατε | 1 | and the images that you made | The word images refers to the idol of Molech and the star-shaped image of Rephan. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “You made that idol of Molech and that star-shaped image of Rephan so that you could worship those false gods.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1103 | ACT | 7 | 43 | zgq6 | grammar-connect-logic-result | καὶ | 3 | I will carry you away beyond Babylon | Speaking through Amos, God uses the word translated and to introduce what he will do as a result of the Israelites’ unfaithfulness and disobedience. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “As a result” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
1104 | ACT | 7 | 44 | fs4q | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Stephen continues his response to the high priest and the council which he began in Acts 7:2. | ||
1105 | ACT | 7 | 43 | rrn8 | figs-quotemarks | μετοικιῶ ὑμᾶς ἐπέκεινα Βαβυλῶνος | 1 | This is the end of the quotation from the prophet Amos that began in verse 42. See how you marked the beginning of the quotation there. It would be appropriate to mark its ending here with a closing second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a second-level quotation. If you used special formatting to set off the quotation, you can return to regular formatting after this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]]) | |
1106 | ACT | 7 | 44 | hfmx | figs-ellipsis | ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἦν τοῖς πατράσιν ἡμῶν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, καθὼς διετάξατο ὁ λαλῶν τῷ Μωϋσῇ | 1 | Stephen is not saying that the tabernacle was with the Israelites just as God had commanded. He means that the tabernacle was built according to the pattern that Moses saw on Mount Sinai. To make this clear, it may be helpful to supply some of the words that Stephen is leaving out. It may also be helpful to introduce a sentence break. Alternate translation: “The tabernacle of the testimony was with our fathers in the wilderness. It was built just as the one speaking to Moses had commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
1107 | ACT | 7 | 44 | m9gw | figs-metonymy | ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου | 1 | The tabernacle of the testimony | Stephen calls this tent the tabernacle of the testimony by association with the way it housed the ark of the covenant, which was also known as the ark of the testimony. The “testimony” of the ark, as UST indicates, was to the covenant between God and the Israelites and to his presence with them wherever they went in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “the tent that housed the ark of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1108 | ACT | 7 | 44 | fk06 | figs-infostructure | καθὼς διετάξατο ὁ λαλῶν τῷ Μωϋσῇ, ποιῆσαι αὐτὴν κατὰ τὸν τύπον ὃν ἑωράκει | 1 | It may be more natural to put the information about the command to Moses before the information about how Moses fulfilled the command. It may also be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “The one speaking to Moses had commanded him to make the tabernacle according to the pattern that he had seen, and he made it just that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]]) | |
1109 | ACT | 7 | 44 | masq | figs-explicit | διετάξατο ὁ λαλῶν τῷ Μωϋσῇ | 1 | Stephen assumes that his listeners will know that he is referring to the way God spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai. Alternate translation: “God commanded Moses when he spoke to him on Mount Sinai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1110 | ACT | 7 | 44 | avqh | figs-explicit | τὸν τύπον ὃν ἑωράκει | 1 | Stephen assumes that his listeners will know that he is referring to the pattern for the tabernacle that God showed Moses on Mount Sinai. Alternate translation: “the pattern that he showed him on Mount Sinai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1111 | ACT | 7 | 45 | uqca | writing-pronouns | ἣν καὶ εἰσήγαγον, διαδεξάμενοι οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν | 1 | The pronoun which refers to the tabernacle. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Our ancestors received the tabernacle from their ancestors and they brought it in” | |
1112 | ACT | 7 | 45 | qjov | διαδεξάμενοι | 1 | The phrase having received … in turn translates a Greek verb that refers to receiving something in succession, in this case from one’s ancestors. Alternate translation: “having received it from their ancestors” | ||
1113 | ACT | 7 | 45 | n2sc | εἰσήγαγον…μετὰ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | Our fathers, under Joshua, received it and brought it with them | When Stephen says that the Israelites brought in the tabernacle with Joshua, he does not mean that they brought in both the tabernacle and Joshua. He means that the Israelites did the things he describes in obedience to Joshua’s directions. Alternate translation: “brought in as Joshua directed them” | |
1114 | ACT | 7 | 45 | e3gu | figs-explicit | εἰσήγαγον | 1 | Stephen assumes that his listeners will know that he is referring to the Israelites entering the land of Canaan. Alternate translation: “brought in to the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1115 | ACT | 7 | 45 | znov | translate-names | Ἰησοῦ | 1 | Joshua is the name of a man, the successor of Moses as leader of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1116 | ACT | 7 | 45 | eww5 | figs-metonymy | ἐν τῇ κατασχέσει τῶν ἐθνῶν | 1 | Stephen is using the term nations to mean the land that these people groups occupied. Alternate translation: “when they took possession of land that had been occupied by the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1117 | ACT | 7 | 45 | spm5 | figs-metaphor | ἀπὸ προσώπου τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν | 1 | when they took possession of the nations who God drove out from the face of our fathers | Stephen is using the word face figuratively to mean “presence.” Alternate translation: “from the presence of our ancestors” or “so that our ancestors alone would live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1118 | ACT | 7 | 45 | zjlj | figs-ellipsis | ἕως τῶν ἡμερῶν Δαυείδ | 1 | Stephen is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “The tabernacle remained there until the days of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
1119 | ACT | 7 | 45 | wot8 | figs-idiom | τῶν ἡμερῶν Δαυείδ | 1 | Stephen is using the term days idiomatically to refer to a specific time. Alternate translation: “the time of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1120 | ACT | 7 | 46 | k9vh | figs-idiom | εὑρεῖν | 1 | Stephen is speaking idiomatically. David did not ask God if he could go look for this dwelling. David asked God if he could build it. Alternate translation: “to build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1121 | ACT | 7 | 45 | bux7 | translate-names | Δαυείδ | 1 | David is the name of a man. See how you translated it in 1:16. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1122 | ACT | 7 | 46 | x4kl | writing-pronouns | ὃς εὗρεν χάριν ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | The pronoun who refers to David. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “David found favor before God” | |
1123 | ACT | 7 | 46 | ykio | figs-metonymy | ὃς εὗρεν χάριν ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | Here the phrase before God refers to God’s opinion, by association with the way that God would assess anything that came to his attention in front of him. Alternate translation: “God regarded David with favor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1124 | ACT | 7 | 46 | yl80 | figs-idiom | εὑρεῖν | 1 | Stephen is speaking idiomatically. David did not ask God if he could go look for this dwelling. David asked God if he could build it. Alternate translation: “to build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1125 | ACT | 7 | 46 | w3cu | figs-metaphor | σκήνωμα | 1 | a dwelling place for the house of Jacob | The word dwelling refers to a permanent habitation, that is, a house. Stephen is using the word figuratively to mean a temple. He is speaking of this temple as if it was a house in which God lived, since God’s presence was there. Alternate translation: “a temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1126 | ACT | 7 | 46 | in7m | translate-textvariants | τῷ οἴκῳ Ἰακώβ | 1 | See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to use the reading the house of Jacob or another possible reading, “the God of Jacob.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) | |
1127 | ACT | 7 | 46 | fsmp | figs-metaphor | τῷ οἴκῳ Ἰακώβ | 1 | Here, house means all the people descended from a particular person. It envisions them as if they were one household living together. So the house of Jacob figuratively means all the people descended from the patriarch Jacob, who was also known as Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1128 | ACT | 7 | 47 | bo1q | translate-names | Σολομῶν | 1 | Solomon is the name of a man. See how you translated it in 3:11. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1129 | ACT | 7 | 47 | k54c | figs-metaphor | αὐτῷ οἶκον | 1 | Stephen is using the word house figuratively to mean a temple. Alternate translation: “a temple for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1130 | ACT | 7 | 47 | dlk8 | writing-pronouns | αὐτῷ οἶκον | 1 | The pronoun him refers to God. Alternate translation: “a temple for God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1131 | ACT | 7 | 48 | wuce | ὁ Ὕψιστος | 1 | This is a respectful title for God. UST suggests one way to express its meaning. | ||
1132 | ACT | 7 | 48 | fwvu | figs-nominaladj | χειροποιήτοις | 1 | Stephen is using the adjective made with hands (or “handmade”) as a noun, to mean structures built by humans. ULT adds houses to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “temples that people build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1133 | ACT | 7 | 48 | c822 | figs-synecdoche | χειροποιήτοις | 1 | houses made with hands | Stephen is using the word hand, one part of a person, figuratively to mean the whole person. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “houses that people build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
1134 | ACT | 7 | 48 | ota0 | figs-metaphor | χειροποιήτοις | 1 | The word houses figuratively means “temples.” Alternate translation: “temples that people build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1135 | ACT | 7 | 48 | d4fh | figs-explicit | καθὼς ὁ προφήτης λέγει | 1 | Stephen assumes that his listeners will know that by the prophet, he means Isaiah. Alternate translation: “as the prophet Isaiah says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1136 | ACT | 7 | 49 | oyax | figs-quotemarks | ὁ οὐρανός μοι θρόνος, ἡ δὲ γῆ ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν μου | 1 | This is the beginning of a quotation from the prophet Isaiah, which continues through the end of verse 50. Even if your language does not customarily put one direct quotation inside another, it would be good to present this quotation from Isaiah as a direct quotation if possible, since God is addressing the Israelites directly in it. You may be able to indicate its beginning with an opening second-level quotation mark or with some other punctuation or convention that your language uses to indicate the start of a second-level quotation. You may also be able to use special formatting to set off the quotation, as ULT does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]]) | |
1137 | ACT | 7 | 49 | k2vn | figs-metaphor | ὁ οὐρανός μοι θρόνος, ἡ δὲ γῆ ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν μου | 1 | Heaven is my throne, and the earth is the footstool for my feet | Speaking through Isaiah, God figuratively describes Heaven as his throne and the earth as his footstool. If your readers would not understand what these figures mean, you could use equivalent metaphors from your culture, or you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. This could mean: (1) that God is present both in heaven and on earth. Alternate translation: “I dwell in heaven and I am also present throughout the earth” (2) that God rules over heaven and earth. Alternative translation: “I rule from heaven and I have complete authority over the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1138 | ACT | 7 | 49 | i4u3 | figs-merism | ὁ οὐρανός μοι θρόνος, ἡ δὲ γῆ ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν μου | 1 | God is using the two parts of creation, Heaven and earth, to mean all of creation. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “I am present everywhere in creation” (2) Alternate translation: “I rule over all of creation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
1139 | ACT | 7 | 49 | wc9m | figs-rquestion | ποῖον οἶκον οἰκοδομήσετέ μοι? λέγει Κύριος, ἢ τίς τόπος τῆς καταπαύσεώς μου? | 1 | What kind of house will you build for me? | God is using the question form to emphasize that human beings cannot build a temple worthy of him or adequate for him. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You can not build a temple that is worthy of me or a place to live that is adequate for me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
1140 | ACT | 7 | 49 | rqr4 | figs-parallelism | ποῖον οἶκον οἰκοδομήσετέ μοι? λέγει Κύριος, ἢ τίς τόπος τῆς καταπαύσεώς μου? | 1 | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. God says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “You can not build a temple that is worthy for me to live in!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1141 | ACT | 7 | 49 | mshp | figs-metaphor | ποῖον οἶκον | 1 | The word house figuratively means a “temple.” Alternate translation: “What kind of temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1142 | ACT | 7 | 49 | vjaq | figs-abstractnouns | τόπος τῆς καταπαύσεώς μου | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of rest, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the place where I can live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1143 | ACT | 7 | 50 | hqjr | figs-quotemarks | οὐχὶ ἡ χείρ μου ἐποίησεν ταῦτα πάντα? | 1 | This is the end of the quotation from the prophet Isaiah that began in verse 49. See how you marked the beginning of the quotation there. It would be appropriate to mark its ending here with a closing second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a second-level quotation. If you used special formatting to set off the quotation, you can return to regular formatting after this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]]) | |
1144 | ACT | 7 | 50 | rfk1 | figs-rquestion | οὐχὶ ἡ χείρ μου ἐποίησεν ταῦτα πάντα? | 1 | Did my hand not make all these things? | God is using the question form for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express its meaning as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “My hand made all these things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
1145 | ACT | 7 | 50 | jlg1 | figs-synecdoche | οὐχὶ ἡ χείρ μου ἐποίησεν ταῦτα πάντα? | 1 | God is using one part of himself, his hand, to represent all of himself figuratively in the act of creating. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “Did I not make all these things?” or, if you choose to represent the rhetorical question as an exclamation, “I made all these things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1146 | ACT | 7 | 50 | gzw0 | figs-explicit | ταῦτα πάντα | 1 | The phrase all these things refers back to “Heaven” and “earth” in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “everything in creation” | |
1147 | ACT | 7 | 51 | umq6 | figs-exclamations | σκληροτράχηλοι καὶ ἀπερίτμητοι καρδίαις καὶ τοῖς ὠσίν | 1 | O stiff-necked | Stephen is using the exclamatory word O to make a transition in his speech. Up to this point, he has been identifying with the Sanhedrin members, saying “our fathers” as he describes what earlier generations of Israelites did. Now, as he shifts to rebuking them, he addresses them with the vocative O. Use an exclamation that is natural in your language for this same purpose. Alternate translation: “You stiff-necked people who are uncircumcised in your heart and ears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) |
1148 | ACT | 7 | 51 | yxe3 | figs-nominaladj | σκληροτράχηλοι καὶ | 1 | Stephen is using the adjective stiff-necked as a noun, to describe a kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “O people who are stiff-necked and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1149 | ACT | 7 | 51 | vn7h | figs-metaphor | σκληροτράχηλοι | 1 | O stiff-necked | Stephen is speaking figuratively of the Sanhedrin members as if they were horses or mules that stiffened their necks in order not to be turned in one direction or another. He means that they are being stubborn. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture, or you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “O stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1150 | ACT | 7 | 51 | zp55 | figs-metonymy | ἀπερίτμητοι καρδίαις καὶ τοῖς ὠσίν | 1 | uncircumcised in heart and ears | Stephen speaks figuratively of the Sanhedrin members’ heart and ears as uncircumcised by association with the way that Gentiles, who are uncircumcised because they are not part of the covenant community, do not obey or listen to God. Alternate translation: “unwilling to obey or listen to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1151 | ACT | 7 | 51 | esfc | figs-synecdoche | ἀπερίτμητοι καρδίαις καὶ τοῖς ὠσίν | 1 | Stephen is using one part of a person, the heart, figuratively meaning the desires and will, to represent all of a person in the act of obeying or disobeying. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “unwilling to obey or listen to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1152 | ACT | 7 | 51 | jslb | figs-synecdoche | ἀπερίτμητοι καρδίαις καὶ τοῖς ὠσίν | 1 | Stephen is figuratively using one part of a person, the ears, to represent all of a person in the act of listening. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “unwilling to obey or listen to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1153 | ACT | 7 | 51 | zgon | figs-hyperbole | ὑμεῖς ἀεὶ τῷ Πνεύματι τῷ Ἁγίῳ ἀντιπίπτετε | 1 | The word always is a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You keep resisting the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
1154 | ACT | 7 | 51 | w164 | figs-you | ὑμεῖς…ὑμῶν…ὑμεῖς | 1 | The words you and your are plural, since Stephen is speaking to all the members of the Sanhedrin. So use plural forms in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
1155 | ACT | 7 | 51 | d2v8 | figs-ellipsis | ὡς οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν, καὶ ὑμεῖς | 1 | Stephen is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “As your ancestors disobeyed God and did not listen to him, so you disobey God and do not listen to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
1156 | ACT | 7 | 52 | x7kf | figs-rquestion | τίνα τῶν προφητῶν οὐκ ἐδίωξαν οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν? | 1 | Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? | Stephen is not asking for information. He is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Your ancestors persecuted each of the prophets!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
1157 | ACT | 7 | 52 | eiw2 | figs-hyperbole | τίνα τῶν προφητῶν οὐκ ἐδίωξαν οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν? | 1 | Stephen’s rhetorical question has an implicit generalization for emphasis. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your language that conveys emphasis. Alternate translation: “Your ancestors kept persecuting the prophets!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
1158 | ACT | 7 | 52 | q8wb | figs-nominaladj | τοῦ Δικαίου | 1 | of the Righteous One | Stephen is using the adjective Righteous as a noun in order to describe a specific person. ULT adds One to show this. This is a title that refers to the Christ, the Messiah. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “of the Messiah, who was righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
1159 | ACT | 7 | 52 | agd9 | οὗ νῦν ὑμεῖς προδόται καὶ φονεῖς ἐγένεσθε | 1 | of whom you have now become betrayers and murderers | It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “You have now betrayed and murdered him” | |
1160 | ACT | 7 | 53 | axhl | writing-pronouns | οἵτινες ἐλάβετε | 1 | The pronoun who refers to the Sanhedrin members whom Stephen is addressing. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “You received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1161 | ACT | 7 | 53 | t92q | figs-synecdoche | οἵτινες ἐλάβετε | 1 | The Sanhedrin members whom Stephen is addressing did not receive the law themselves. Rather, Stephen is using them figuratively to represent the entire Jewish community down through the years. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “whose community received” or, if you choose to start a new sentence, “Your community received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1162 | ACT | 7 | 53 | euw5 | figs-explicit | εἰς διαταγὰς ἀγγέλων | 1 | the law as ordained by angels | Stephen assumes that his listeners will know that he is referring to God giving the law to the Israelites at Mount Sinai. A later Jewish tradition said that angels acted as God’s intermediaries at that time. (Stephen says in 7:38 that an angel was speaking to Moses on Mount Sinai.) If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “as angels delivered it on Mount Sinai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1163 | ACT | 7 | 54 | ef2g | figs-activepassive | ἀκούοντες…ταῦτα διεπρίοντο ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν | 1 | Now hearing these things | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “these things cut them to their hearts when they heard them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1164 | ACT | 7 | 54 | u4l7 | figs-idiom | διεπρίοντο ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν | 1 | they were cut to their hearts | Here, the expression they were cut to their hearts is an idiom that means the Sanhedrin members became very angry. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “they became furious at Stephen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1165 | ACT | 7 | 54 | ae9s | translate-symaction | ἔβρυχον τοὺς ὀδόντας ἐπ’ αὐτόν | 1 | they ground their teeth at him | This action expressed their strong anger at Stephen. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “they became so angry at Stephen that they ground their teeth together” or “they moved their teeth back and forth as they looked angrily at Stephen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
1166 | ACT | 7 | 55 | dlux | figs-explicit | πλήρης Πνεύματος Ἁγίου | 1 | Luke is speaking figuratively of Stephen as if he were a container that the Holy Spirit could fill. Alternate translation: “inspired by the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1167 | ACT | 7 | 55 | ntp4 | figs-explicit | ἀτενίσας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν, εἶδεν | 1 | and looking intently into heaven | The implication is that only Stephen saw this vision, not anyone else who was present. Alternate translation: “staring up into heaven, he saw in a vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1168 | ACT | 7 | 55 | bl2j | figs-explicit | δόξαν Θεοῦ | 1 | he saw the glory of God | The implication is that Stephen saw a bright light that expressed the magnificent presence of God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “a bright light that expressed the glorious presence of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1169 | ACT | 7 | 55 | zpry | figs-nominaladj | Ἰησοῦν ἑστῶτα ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | Luke is using the adjective right as a noun in order to indicate the right side. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “Jesus standing at the right side of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1170 | ACT | 7 | 55 | vamz | figs-explicit | Ἰησοῦν ἑστῶτα ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | In this culture, the place at the right side of a ruler was a position of honor. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus standing in a place of honor next to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1171 | ACT | 7 | 55 | vyz3 | translate-symaction | Ἰησοῦν ἑστῶτα ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | and Jesus standing at the right hand of God | Elsewhere in the New Testament, Jesus is described as “sitting” at the right of God. Many interpreters believe that Jesus stood on this occasion to honor Stephen for his courage and faithful testimony. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “Jesus, in a place of honor next to God, standing to honor him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
1172 | ACT | 7 | 56 | gzvv | figs-metaphor | ἰδοὺ | 1 | Stephen is using the term behold to focus his listener’ attention on what he is about to say. You language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Now listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1173 | ACT | 7 | 56 | p0jg | figs-metaphor | θεωρῶ τοὺς οὐρανοὺς διηνοιγμένους, καὶ | 1 | Stephen is speaking figuratively of the heavens being opened to mean that they are open to his view. Alternate translation: “the heavens are open to my view, and I see” or “I can see into heaven, and I see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1174 | ACT | 7 | 56 | aqp8 | figs-explicit | τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου | 1 | Son of Man | The title Son of Man is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus himself used that title to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate the title directly into your language. Alternatively, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could express what it means. Alternate translation: “Jesus the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1175 | ACT | 7 | 56 | imoa | figs-nominaladj | ἐκ δεξιῶν ἑστῶτα τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | See how you translated the nominal adjective right in 7:55. Alternate translation: “standing at the right side of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1176 | ACT | 7 | 56 | cr19 | figs-explicit | ἐκ δεξιῶν ἑστῶτα τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | See how you expressed the implicit significance of the phrase at the right of God in 7:55. Alternate translation: “standing in a place of honor next to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1177 | ACT | 7 | 56 | rvwp | translate-symaction | ἐκ δεξιῶν ἑστῶτα τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | See how you expressed the significance of the symbolic action of Jesus standing in 7:55. Alternate translation: “, in a place of honor next to God, standing to honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
1178 | ACT | 7 | 57 | p4cg | translate-symaction | κράξαντες…φωνῇ μεγάλῃ, συνέσχον τὰ ὦτα αὐτῶν | 1 | they covered their ears | The Sanhedrin members did these things to demonstrate that they did not want to hear any more of what Stephen said. Alternate translation: “shouting loudly to drown out Stephen, they put their hands over their ears to show that they did not want to hear any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
1179 | ACT | 7 | 57 | wtwk | figs-idiom | κράξαντες…φωνῇ μεγάλῃ | 1 | This is an idiom that suggests figuratively that the Sanhedrin members had another, louder voice that they could use. It means that they raised the volume of their voices. Alternate translation: “shouting loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1180 | ACT | 7 | 57 | hm0q | κράξαντες…φωνῇ μεγάλῃ | 1 | If you would like to reproduce this idiom but it would be unusual in your language to speak as if a whole group of people had one voice, you could make this plural. Alternate translation: “with loud voices” or “in loud voices” | ||
1181 | ACT | 7 | 57 | t287 | ὥρμησαν ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἐπ’ αὐτόν | 1 | This could mean: (1) that the Sanhedrin members all rushed at Stephen at the same time. Alternate translation: “rushed at him all at once” (2) that every one of the Sanhedrin members rushed at Stephen. Alternate translation: “every one of them rushed at him” | ||
1182 | ACT | 7 | 58 | ks1u | figs-metaphor | ἐκβαλόντες ἔξω τῆς πόλεως | 1 | throwing him outside the city | Luke is likely speaking figuratively when he speaks of the Sanhedrin members throwing Stephen outside the city. It is unlikely that they actually picked him up and heaved him through the air. Alternate translation: “seizing Stephen and forcefully taking him out of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1183 | ACT | 7 | 58 | teas | figs-explicit | οἱ μάρτυρες | 1 | These were the “false witnesses” whom the Sanhedrin brought in to accuse Stephen, as described in 6:13. According to the Law of Moses, it was their responsibility to carry out the execution of the man they had accused. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the false witnesses, who were responsible to carry out the execution,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1184 | ACT | 7 | 58 | ryrh | figs-explicit | ἀπέθεντο τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτῶν, παρὰ τοὺς πόδας νεανίου καλουμένου Σαύλου | 1 | The implications are that the witnesses took off their long robes so that they could throw stones at Stephen more easily and that they left them with Saul for safekeeping. UST models one way to make these implications explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1185 | ACT | 7 | 58 | wy7n | translate-unknown | τὰ ἱμάτια | 1 | outer garments | These outer garments were long cloaks or robes that people wore outside to stay warm. They were also a sign of wealth and status. If your readers would not be familiar with this kind of garment, you could use the name of another garment that they would recognize, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “coats” or “robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
1186 | ACT | 7 | 58 | sx2p | figs-idiom | παρὰ τοὺς πόδας | 1 | at the feet | The expression at the feet is an idiom. Alternate translation: “on the ground in front of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1187 | ACT | 7 | 58 | e2vl | translate-names | Σαύλου | 1 | of a young man | Saul is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
1188 | ACT | 7 | 59 | fxhz | figs-hendiadys | ἐπικαλούμενον καὶ λέγοντα | 1 | This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with and. The phrase calling out tells how Stephen was saying what he said. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “as he was saying loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) | |
1189 | ACT | 7 | 59 | k2el | figs-imperative | δέξαι τὸ πνεῦμά μου | 1 | receive my spirit | This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “please receive my spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) |
1190 | ACT | 7 | 60 | u86q | translate-symaction | θεὶς…τὰ γόνατα | 1 | But having knelt down on his knees | Kneeling down was an act of submission to God and a reverent posture of prayer. Alternate translation: “after he had knelt down reverently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
1191 | ACT | 7 | 60 | hi24 | figs-idiom | ἔκραξεν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ | 1 | This is an idiom that means that Stephen raised the volume of his voice. Alternate translation: “he cried out loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1192 | ACT | 7 | 60 | dfjs | figs-imperative | μὴ στήσῃς αὐτοῖς ταύτην τὴν ἁμαρτίαν | 1 | This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “please do not hold this sin against them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) | |
1193 | ACT | 7 | 60 | tvf8 | figs-doublenegatives | μὴ στήσῃς αὐτοῖς ταύτην τὴν ἁμαρτίαν | 1 | do not hold this sin against them | If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle not and the negative verb hold … against. Alternate translation: “forgive them for this sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
1194 | ACT | 7 | 60 | r9vi | figs-euphemism | ἐκοιμήθη | 1 | he fell asleep | Luke is describing the death of Stephen when he says he fell asleep. This is a polite way of referring to something unpleasant. If this would be misunderstood in your language, use a different polite way of referring to this or use plain language. Alternate translation: “he passed away” or, as in UST, “he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
1195 | ACT | 8 | intro | q9d9 | 0 | Acts 8 General NotesStructure and formattingThe story here shifts from Stephen to Saul. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 8:32-33. The first sentence of verse 1 ends the description of the events in chapter 7. Luke begins a new part of his history with the words “And on that day.” Special concepts in this chapterReceiving the Holy SpiritIn this chapter Luke speaks for the first time of people receiving the Holy Spirit (Acts 8:15-19). The Holy Spirit had already enabled the believers to speak in tongues, to heal the sick, and to live as a community, and he had filled Stephen. But when the Jews started putting believers in prison, those believers who could leave Jerusalem did leave, and as they went, they told people about Jesus. When the people who heard about Jesus received the Holy Spirit, the church leaders knew that those people had truly become believers. ProclaimedThis chapter, more than any other in the book of Acts, speaks of the believers proclaiming the word, proclaiming the good news, and proclaiming that Jesus is the Christ. The word “proclaim” translates a Greek word that means to tell good news about something. | |||
1196 | ACT | 8 | 1 | ez88 | writing-background | Σαῦλος δὲ ἦν συνευδοκῶν τῇ ἀναιρέσει αὐτοῦ | 1 | there began on that day a great persecution against the church that was in Jerusalem, and they all were scattered throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria, except the apostles | Luke is providing this background information to help readers understand why Saul was persecuting the church, as he relates in 8:3 and in chapter 9. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “Now Saul approved of the Sanhedrin executing Stephen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) |
1197 | ACT | 8 | 1 | i1tc | writing-newevent | ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, διωγμὸς μέγας ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν | 1 | Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story, the scattering of the church and its witness beyond Jerusalem. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “And so began that day a great persecution against the church” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) | |
1198 | ACT | 8 | 1 | vc8x | figs-explicit | ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ | 1 | that day | Here, day is not a figurative word for “time.” Luke is referring to a specific day, the day on which Stephen was killed. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “on the day Stephen was killed,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1199 | ACT | 8 | 1 | xp25 | figs-activepassive | πάντες…διεσπάρησαν | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they all fled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1200 | ACT | 8 | 1 | u5pi | figs-hyperbole | πάντες…διεσπάρησαν | 1 | they were all scattered | The word all is a generalization that emphasizes that a large number of the believers were affected. Alternate translation: “many of the believers were scattered” or “many of the believers fled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
1201 | ACT | 8 | 1 | ok0h | translate-names | τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ Σαμαρείας | 1 | Judea and Samaria are the names of regions. See how you translated them in 1:8. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1202 | ACT | 8 | 1 | k5a2 | figs-explicit | πλὴν τῶν ἀποστόλων | 1 | except the apostles | The implication is that the apostles remained in Jerusalem, even though they too experienced this great persecution. Alternate translation: “except the apostles, who remained in Jerusalem despite the persecution” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1203 | ACT | 8 | 2 | tp9e | translate-versebridge | συνεκόμισαν δὲ τὸν Στέφανον ἄνδρες εὐλαβεῖς, καὶ ἐποίησαν κοπετὸν μέγαν ἐπ’ αὐτῷ | 1 | General Information: | It may be helpful to your readers to move these parts of the story about Stephen together by using a verse bridge for verses 1-2 as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) |
1204 | ACT | 8 | 2 | sjc8 | figs-explicit | συνεκόμισαν…τὸν Στέφανον | 1 | devout men | The word translated carried away means to carry away for burial. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. You could also say explicitly that it was Stephen’s body that these men carried away. Alternate translation: “carried Stephen’s body away to bury it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1205 | ACT | 8 | 3 | yd2i | κατὰ τοὺς οἴκους | 1 | according to the houses | Alternate translation: “entering one house after another” | |
1206 | ACT | 8 | 3 | w6vk | figs-explicit | κατὰ τοὺς οἴκους…τε ἄνδρας καὶ γυναῖκας | 1 | men and women | Luke may mean houses where Christians met, as described in 2:46, and he means men and women who believed in Jesus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the houses where Christians met…believers in Jesus, both men and women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1207 | ACT | 8 | 4 | n52l | figs-nominaladj | οἱ…διασπαρέντες | 1 | Luke is using the participle having been scattered, which functions as an adjective, as a noun. ULT adds the term ones to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the believers who had been scattered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1208 | ACT | 8 | 4 | ymy5 | figs-activepassive | οἱ…διασπαρέντες | 1 | had been scattered | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. See how you translated it in 8:1. Alternate translation: “the believers who had fled from the persecution” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1209 | ACT | 8 | 4 | su6i | figs-metonymy | εὐαγγελιζόμενοι τὸν λόγον | 1 | the word | Luke is using the term word figuratively to mean the message about Jesus that these believers shared by using words. See how you translated the term in 4:4. Also see the General Notes to this chapter for the meaning of the word translated proclaiming here and many other times in this chapter. Alternate translation: “telling the good news about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1210 | ACT | 8 | 5 | dh3x | translate-names | Φίλιππος | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Philip is the name of a man. See how you translated it in 1:13. Philip was one of the apostles. A man by that same name, possibly the same man, was chosen as one of the deacons in 6:5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
1211 | ACT | 8 | 5 | gz5m | figs-idiom | κατελθὼν | 1 | went down to the city of Samaria | Luke speaks of Philip going down from Jerusalem because that was the customary way of speaking about traveling from Jerusalem, since that city is up on a mountain. Alternate translation: “traveling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1212 | ACT | 8 | 5 | f45b | figs-idiom | τὴν πόλιν τῆς Σαμαρείας | 1 | the city of Samaria | This is an idiom that means the principal city in the region of Samaria, probably the one known at that time as Sebaste, although some interpreters believe that Luke may have had the city of Sychar in mind instead. Alternate translation: “the main city in Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1213 | ACT | 8 | 5 | pk1l | figs-metonymy | τὸν Χριστόν | 1 | proclaimed to them the Christ | Luke is using the name Christ figuratively by association to mean the message about Christ. Alternate translation: “the good news about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1214 | ACT | 8 | 6 | cnt9 | figs-explicit | οἱ ὄχλοι | 1 | And the crowds | Luke implicitly means the crowds in the city that Philip traveled to. Alternate translation: “the people in that city of Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1215 | ACT | 8 | 6 | jyvw | ὁμοθυμαδὸν | 1 | Alternate translation: “all together” | ||
1216 | ACT | 8 | 6 | tt0i | figs-nominaladj | τοῖς λεγομένοις ὑπὸ τοῦ Φιλίππου | 1 | Luke is using the participle being spoken, which functions as an adjective, as a noun. ULT adds the term things to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the things that Philip was saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1217 | ACT | 8 | 6 | g0ft | figs-activepassive | τοῖς λεγομένοις ὑπὸ τοῦ Φιλίππου | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the things that Philip was saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1218 | ACT | 8 | 6 | wm83 | τὰ σημεῖα | 1 | were paying attention to | Here the word signs has the same sense that it has in the phrase “wonders and signs” in 2:22 and elsewhere in Acts. It means a miracle. Alternate translation: “the miracles” | |
1219 | ACT | 8 | 7 | un6b | figs-infostructure | πολλοὶ γὰρ τῶν ἐχόντων πνεύματα ἀκάθαρτα, βοῶντα φωνῇ μεγάλῃ, ἐξήρχοντο | 1 | As Luke tells the story of this event, he changes from the people who had unclean spirits being the subject of the sentence to the unclean spirits themselves being the subject. This may be because the unclean spirits controlled people such an extent that the spirits seemed to be the people themselves. It may be helpful to your readers to put the information about the spirits before the information about the people who had them. Alternate translation: “unclean spirits, shouting with a loud voice, were coming out of many of those who had them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]]) | |
1220 | ACT | 8 | 7 | pehe | figs-nominaladj | τῶν ἐχόντων | 1 | Luke is using the participle having, which functions as an adjective, as a noun. ULT adds the term those to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the people who had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1221 | ACT | 8 | 7 | xb2n | ἐχόντων πνεύματα ἀκάθαρτα | 1 | having unclean spirits | Alternate translation: “who were controlled by unclean spirits” | |
1222 | ACT | 8 | 7 | nz7y | figs-idiom | βοῶντα φωνῇ μεγάλῃ | 1 | This is an idiom that means that the unclean spirits raised the volume of their voices. Alternate translation: “shouting loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1223 | ACT | 8 | 7 | v8uj | figs-activepassive | πολλοὶ…παραλελυμένοι καὶ χωλοὶ ἐθεραπεύθησαν | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, it would be appropriate to say Jesus, since the book of Acts shows that the apostles healed people in the name of Jesus, for example, in 4:10. Alternate translation: “Jesus, through the power of his name, healed many who had been paralyzed and lame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1224 | ACT | 8 | 7 | imbh | figs-nominaladj | πολλοὶ…παραλελυμένοι | 1 | Luke is using the participle paralyzed as an adjective. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “many who had been paralyzed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1225 | ACT | 8 | 7 | anq3 | figs-activepassive | πολλοὶ…παραλελυμένοι | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “many who had paralysis” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1226 | ACT | 8 | 8 | s8bm | grammar-connect-logic-result | δὲ | 1 | Luke is using the word translated And to introduce what the people in the city did as a result of the many healings that Philip performed. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
1227 | ACT | 8 | 8 | z5z3 | figs-metonymy | ἐγένετο…πολλὴ χαρὰ ἐν τῇ πόλει ἐκείνῃ | 1 | And there was much joy in that city | The phrase that city refers figuratively by association to the people who lived in that city. Alternate translation: “there was much joy among the people of that city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1228 | ACT | 8 | 8 | r0nz | figs-abstractnouns | ἐγένετο…πολλὴ χαρὰ ἐν τῇ πόλει ἐκείνῃ | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of joy, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the people of that city rejoiced greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1229 | ACT | 8 | 9 | jm7n | writing-background | ἀνὴρ δέ τις ὀνόματι Σίμων, προϋπῆρχεν ἐν τῇ πόλει μαγεύων | 1 | Luke is providing background information to help readers understand who Simon was and why he said and did the things Luke describes in the rest of this chapter. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “Now there was a man named Simon who had been practicing sorcery in that city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) | |
1230 | ACT | 8 | 9 | bed1 | writing-participants | ἀνὴρ…τις ὀνόματι Σίμων | 1 | But … a certain man named Simon | Luke uses this phrase to introduce Simon as a new character in the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
1231 | ACT | 8 | 9 | cx7a | translate-names | Σίμων | 1 | the city | Simon is the name of a man. See how you translated this name, for a different man, in 1:13. |
1232 | ACT | 8 | 10 | mvcm | writing-pronouns | ᾧ προσεῖχον πάντες ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου | 1 | The phrase to whom refers to Simon. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “All of them, from little to great, were paying attention to Simon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1233 | ACT | 8 | 10 | evt7 | figs-hyperbole | πάντες | 1 | they all … were paying attention | Luke is using the word all as a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the Samaritans in that city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
1234 | ACT | 8 | 10 | h51l | figs-nominaladj | ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου | 1 | Luke is using the adjectives little and great as nouns in order to indicate groups of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “from the least important people to the most important ones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1235 | ACT | 8 | 10 | ibl1 | figs-merism | ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου | 1 | from least to greatest | Luke is speaking figuratively, using these two extremes in order to include all of the people in between. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “no matter how important they were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) |
1236 | ACT | 8 | 10 | h5ya | writing-pronouns | οὗτός | 1 | The demonstrative pronoun This stands for Simon. Alternate translation: “This man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1237 | ACT | 8 | 10 | j3d8 | translate-names | ἡ Δύναμις τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἡ καλουμένη Μεγάλη | 1 | This man is the power of God which is called Great | The Samaritans believed that Simon must be the embodiment of some great power, and thinking that this power was God, the highest of powers, they called it Great. Alternate translation: “an embodiment of the Great God” or “an embodiment of the supreme God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
1238 | ACT | 8 | 10 | yw5v | figs-activepassive | ἡ καλουμένη | 1 | the power of God which is called Great | If your language does not use the passive form called, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that people call” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1239 | ACT | 8 | 11 | pxj8 | writing-background | προσεῖχον δὲ αὐτῷ | 1 | General Information: | This verse gives additional background information about Simon and what he was doing among the Samaritans. Alternate translation: “Now they were paying attention to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translatewriting-background]]) |
1240 | ACT | 8 | 12 | h1hg | writing-pronouns | ἐπίστευσαν | 1 | The pronoun they refers to the Samaritans. Alternate translation: “the Samaritans believed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1241 | ACT | 8 | 12 | zwoj | figs-abstractnouns | εὐαγγελιζομένῳ περὶ τῆς Βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ ὀνόματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of a kingdom, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “proclaiming the good news that God had begun to rule and that Jesus the Messiah had come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1242 | ACT | 8 | 12 | zjh5 | figs-metonymy | εὐαγγελιζομένῳ περὶ τῆς Βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ ὀνόματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | Here the name of Jesus figuratively represents his authority, specifically as the Messiah, as the title Christ indicates. Alternate translation: “proclaiming the good news that God had begun to rule and that Jesus the Messiah had come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1243 | ACT | 8 | 12 | jg1w | figs-infostructure | εὐαγγελιζομένῳ περὶ τῆς Βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ ὀνόματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | Since Jesus inaugurated the kingdom of God when he came to earth, it may be helpful to put the information about Jesus before the information about the kingdom of God. Alternate translation: “proclaiming the gospel about the name of Jesus Christ and the kingdom of God” or “proclaiming the good news that Jesus the Messiah had come and that God had begun to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]]) | |
1244 | ACT | 8 | 12 | vsy8 | figs-activepassive | ἐβαπτίζοντο | 1 | they were baptized | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Philip was baptizing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1245 | ACT | 8 | 13 | k2th | figs-rpronouns | ὁ δὲ Σίμων καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπίστευσεν | 1 | Simon himself also believed | Luke uses the word himself to emphasize how significant it was that Simon, who had claimed to be an embodiment of God, had believed in Jesus as the Messiah whom God sent. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “Even Simon believed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) |
1246 | ACT | 8 | 13 | bayg | ἦν προσκαρτερῶν τῷ Φιλίππῳ | 1 | Alternate translation: “he followed Philip around everywhere” | ||
1247 | ACT | 8 | 13 | v91t | figs-activepassive | βαπτισθεὶς | 1 | having been baptized | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “after Philip baptized him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1248 | ACT | 8 | 13 | rnr3 | figs-irony | θεωρῶν τε σημεῖα καὶ δυνάμεις μεγάλας | 1 | The word that ULT translates as works here is the same word that it translates as “power” in 8:10. It can mean either power or works that demonstrate power. Luke is using the word to show what an ironic situation Simon is in. He claimed to be “the power … that is called Great,” but now he recognizes that works of power that are truly great are done in the name of Jesus. If your language has a word for works that demonstrate power that has the same root as its word for power, it would be appropriate to use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) | |
1249 | ACT | 8 | 13 | d4yb | figs-doublet | τε σημεῖα καὶ δυνάμεις | 1 | The terms signs and works mean similar things. Luke is using them together for emphasis. Alternate translation, as in UST: “miracles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1250 | ACT | 8 | 14 | s7lr | writing-newevent | δὲ | 1 | Now when the apostles in Jerusalem heard | Luke is using the word translated And to introduce a new event in the story of the Samaritans becoming believers. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
1251 | ACT | 8 | 14 | lk9b | figs-quotations | ἀκούσαντες…ὅτι δέδεκται ἡ Σαμάρεια τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀπέστειλαν | 1 | It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “having heard, ‘Samaria has received the word of God,’ sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
1252 | ACT | 8 | 14 | uwxo | figs-exclamations | ἀκούσαντες…ὅτι δέδεκται ἡ Σαμάρεια τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀπέστειλαν | 1 | If you decide to have a direct quotation here, you might also decide to make it an exclamation. Alternate translation: “having heard, ‘Samaria has received the word of God!’ sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
1253 | ACT | 8 | 14 | ju21 | figs-metonymy | ἡ Σαμάρεια | 1 | Samaria | Luke is using the word Samaria figuratively by association to mean the people of Samaria. Alternate translation: “the people of Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1254 | ACT | 8 | 14 | e682 | figs-metonymy | τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | had received | Luke is using the term word figuratively to mean the message about Jesus that Philip shared by using words. Alternate translation: “the message about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1255 | ACT | 8 | 14 | td5t | translate-names | Πέτρον καὶ Ἰωάννην | 1 | Peter and John are the names of two men. See how you translated them in 1:13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1256 | ACT | 8 | 15 | af1n | writing-pronouns | οἵτινες καταβάντες, προσηύξαντο περὶ αὐτῶν | 1 | who, having come down | The pronoun who stands for Peter and John, and the pronoun them stands for the Samaritans. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “When Peter and John had come down, they prayed for the Samaritans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
1257 | ACT | 8 | 15 | hd1w | figs-youdual | οἵτινες | 1 | Since the pronoun who stands for two men, it should be in the dual if your language uses that form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
1258 | ACT | 8 | 15 | hk1m | figs-idiom | καταβάντες | 1 | having come down | Luke speaks of Philip having come down from Jerusalem because that was the customary way of speaking about traveling from Jerusalem, since that city is up on a mountain. Alternate translation: “having traveled from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1259 | ACT | 8 | 15 | bun9 | figs-go | καταβάντες | 1 | prayed for them | Your language may say “gone” rather than come in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “having gone down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) |
1260 | ACT | 8 | 16 | d2z9 | figs-metaphor | οὐδέπω…ἦν ἐπ’ οὐδενὶ αὐτῶν ἐπιπεπτωκός | 1 | Luke is speaking figuratively of the Holy Spirit as if it could fall on the Samaritan believers. Alternate translation: “none of them had yet received the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1261 | ACT | 8 | 16 | l4ez | grammar-connect-logic-result | γὰρ | 1 | Luke is using the word For to introduce the reason why Peter and John had to pray for the Samaritans to receive the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “They prayed for them because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
1262 | ACT | 8 | 16 | qmjp | figs-doublenegatives | οὐδέπω…ἦν ἐπ’ οὐδενὶ αὐτῶν ἐπιπεπτωκός | 1 | In Greek this is a double negative for emphasis, “he had not yet fallen upon none of them.” The second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. If for emphasis your language uses double negatives that do not cancel one another, it would be appropriate to use that construction here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
1263 | ACT | 8 | 16 | bpzz | writing-pronouns | οὐδέπω…ἦν…ἐπιπεπτωκός | 1 | The pronoun he stands for the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit had not yet fallen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1264 | ACT | 8 | 16 | rn3c | figs-metonymy | μόνον…βεβαπτισμένοι ὑπῆρχον εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ | 1 | they had only been baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus | Here, the name of the Lord Jesus represents his authority, and being baptized into his name represents being baptized in order to be under his authority. Alternate translation: “they had only been baptized to become disciples of the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1265 | ACT | 8 | 16 | m1nw | figs-activepassive | μόνον…βεβαπτισμένοι ὑπῆρχον | 1 | they had only been baptized | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. If you must state who did the action, the context suggests it was Philip. Alternate translation: “Philip had only baptized them” or “Philip had only baptized the Samaritan believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1266 | ACT | 8 | 17 | bsll | writing-pronouns | ἐπετίθεσαν τὰς χεῖρας ἐπ’ αὐτούς, καὶ ἐλάμβανον | 1 | The first instance of the pronoun they stands for Peter and John, and the pronoun them and the second instance of they stand for the Samaritans. Alternate translation: “When Peter and John were laying their hands on the Samaritans, and the Samaritans were receiving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1267 | ACT | 8 | 17 | bldf | figs-youdual | ἐπετίθεσαν | 1 | Since this instance of the pronoun they stands for two men, it should be in the dual if your language uses that form. The same is true of “them” in 8:18 and “they” and “the ones” in 8:25. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
1268 | ACT | 8 | 17 | q7gd | translate-symaction | ἐπετίθεσαν τὰς χεῖρας ἐπ’ αὐτούς | 1 | they were laying their hands on them | Peter and John laying their hands on the Samaritans who had believed Philip’s message of the gospel was a symbolic action that showed that Peter and John wanted God to give the Holy Spirit to these believers. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])d John placed their hands on the Samaritan people who had believed Stephen’s message of the gospel. This symbolic action shows that Peter and John wanted God to give the Holy Spirit to the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
1269 | ACT | 8 | 18 | rh79 | figs-activepassive | δίδοται τὸ Πνεῦμα | 1 | the Holy Spirit was being given through the laying on of the hands of the apostles | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, it is clear from the context that this was God. Alternate translation: “God was giving the Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1270 | ACT | 8 | 19 | fbw9 | δότε κἀμοὶ τὴν ἐξουσίαν ταύτην, ἵνα ᾧ ἐὰν ἐπιθῶ τὰς χεῖρας, λαμβάνῃ Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον | 1 | so that whoever I lay my hands on may receive the Holy Spirit | Alternate translation: “Give me the authority to give the Holy Spirit to anyone I lay my hands on” | |
1271 | ACT | 8 | 20 | df1j | figs-exclamations | τὸ ἀργύριόν σου, σὺν σοὶ εἴη εἰς ἀπώλειαν | 1 | Peter is using the exclamation form to emphasize how forcefully he rejects Simon’s offer. You may want to use an exclamation to convey this same emphasis in your language. Alternate translation: “I refuse your offer! I can see that you are going to perdition, and you can take your money with you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
1272 | ACT | 8 | 20 | y4ny | figs-metonymy | τὸ ἀργύριόν | 1 | Peter is referring figuratively to money, by association with the way that silver was used for money at this time. Alternate translation: “money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1273 | ACT | 8 | 20 | gh12 | figs-metonymy | τὴν δωρεὰν τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | the gift of God | Peter is referring figuratively to the ability to confer the Holy Spirit by the laying on of hands. Since this is an ability that only God can give, by association Peter calls it the gift of God. Alternate translation: “the power to confer the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1274 | ACT | 8 | 21 | p2ev | figs-doublet | οὐκ ἔστιν σοι μερὶς οὐδὲ κλῆρος ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ | 1 | There is to you no part or share in this matter | The terms part and share mean similar things. Peter is using them together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “We will not let you have anything to do with this work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
1275 | ACT | 8 | 21 | ufk3 | figs-doublet | σοι | 1 | The phrase to you represents a possessive form. Alternate translation: “yours” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
1276 | ACT | 8 | 21 | xbh2 | figs-metaphor | ἡ γὰρ καρδία σου οὐκ ἔστιν εὐθεῖα | 1 | because your heart is not right | Here, the heart figuratively represents the thoughts and motives. Alternate translation: “your thoughts and motives are not right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1277 | ACT | 8 | 21 | p9v4 | figs-metonymy | ἔναντι τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | This could mean: (1) that Simon’s heart is not right in God’s opinion, by association with the way that God would assess anything that came to his attention in front of him. Alternate translation: “as far as God is concerned” (2) that Simon does not have the right thoughts about God or intentions towards God. Alternate translation: “in its attitude towards God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1278 | ACT | 8 | 22 | sa6s | figs-abstractnouns | ἀπὸ τῆς κακίας σου ταύτης | 1 | this wickedness | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of wickedness, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “for trying to buy God’s gift with money” or “for trying to bribe God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
1279 | ACT | 8 | 22 | ppk5 | figs-metaphor | ἡ ἐπίνοια τῆς καρδίας σου | 1 | the intention of your heart | Here, the heart figuratively represents the thoughts and motives. Alternate translation: “what you intended to do” or “what you were thinking of doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1280 | ACT | 8 | 22 | pe2u | grammar-connect-condition-fact | δεήθητι τοῦ Κυρίου, εἰ ἄρα ἀφεθήσεταί σοι ἡ ἐπίνοια τῆς καρδίας σου | 1 | if therefore the intention of your heart will be forgiven to you | Peter is using the conditional word if to introduce a desired result. There is actually no doubt about whether God will forgive someone who sincerely repents and prays for forgiveness. Alternate translation: “pray to the Lord so that, as a result, the intention of your heart will be forgiven to you” or “pray to the Lord and ask him to forgive you for the intention of your heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]]) |
1281 | ACT | 8 | 22 | lq4i | figs-activepassive | ἀφεθήσεταί σοι ἡ ἐπίνοια τῆς καρδίας σου | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will forgive you for the intention of your heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1282 | ACT | 8 | 23 | tf3s | translate-unknown | εἰς…χολὴν πικρίας | 1 | The gall plant has a bitter taste and is poisonous. If your readers would not be familiar with this plant, you could use the name of a similar plant in your area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
1283 | ACT | 8 | 23 | kpu6 | figs-metonymy | εἰς…χολὴν πικρίας | 1 | Peter is using the gall plant figuratively by association to mean “poison.” Alternate translation: “in the poison of bitterness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1284 | ACT | 8 | 23 | d3v7 | figs-metaphor | εἰς…χολὴν πικρίας | 1 | in the poison of bitterness | Peter is describing bitterness figuratively as if it were made of gall or poison. He means that bitterness, here in the sense of envy, spiritually poisons a person, that is, it leads them towards spiritual death. Alternate translation: “dangerously envious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1285 | ACT | 8 | 23 | j696 | figs-metaphor | σύνδεσμον ἀδικίας | 1 | the bond of unrighteousness | Peter speaks figuratively of the bond of unrighteousness as if unrighteousness were restraining Simon and keeping him a prisoner. He means Simon is not able to stop himself from sinning. Alternate translation: “unable to stop sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1286 | ACT | 8 | 24 | n5cw | figs-youdual | ὑμεῖς…εἰρήκατε | 1 | Even though it was only Peter who spoke to Simon, in his response, Simon is addressing both Peter and John, since he offered money to both of them, as 8:18 describes. Since Simon is speaking to two men, You and you would be dual if your language uses that form. Otherwise it would be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
1287 | ACT | 8 | 24 | v2wy | figs-imperative | δεήθητε ὑμεῖς ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ πρὸς τὸν Κύριον | 1 | This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Please pray to the Lord for me” or “I ask you to pray to the Lord for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) | |
1288 | ACT | 8 | 24 | hwc6 | writing-pronouns | δεήθητε ὑμεῖς ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ πρὸς τὸν Κύριον | 1 | Simon is stating the pronoun You, which is already implied in the verb pray, for emphasis. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. Alternate translation: “Pray to the Lord for me yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1289 | ACT | 8 | 24 | u1a4 | ὅπως μηδὲν ἐπέλθῃ ἐπ’ ἐμὲ ὧν εἰρήκατε | 1 | so that nothing of which you have spoken may happen to me | Alternate translation: “so that the things you have said may not happen to me” | |
1290 | ACT | 8 | 24 | sk5w | figs-explicit | μηδὲν ἐπέλθῃ ἐπ’ ἐμὲ ὧν εἰρήκατε | 1 | nothing … of which you have spoken | Simon is referring implicitly to Peter’s rebuke, in which Peter spoke of Simon’s silver perishing along with him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “I will not perish as you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1291 | ACT | 8 | 25 | nzvg | grammar-connect-time-sequential | οὖν | 1 | Luke is using the word translated Then to introduce what Peter and John did after being in the city where Philip had been telling the Samaritans about Jesus. Alternate translation: “After that,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) | |
1292 | ACT | 8 | 25 | p3rj | figs-explicit | οἱ…διαμαρτυράμενοι καὶ λαλήσαντες τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | The ones Luke is describing are Peter and John. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Peter and John, after they had testified and spoken the word of the Lord,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1293 | ACT | 8 | 25 | uz15 | figs-nominaladj | οἱ…διαμαρτυράμενοι καὶ λαλήσαντες | 1 | when they had testified | Luke is using the participles having testified and having spoken, which function as adjectives, as nouns. ULT adds the term ones to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the ones who had testified and spoken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
1294 | ACT | 8 | 25 | ww9k | figs-metonymy | τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | spoken the word of the Lord | Luke is using the term word figuratively to mean the message about Jesus that Peter and John shared by using words. Alternate translation: “the message about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1295 | ACT | 8 | 25 | eu66 | figs-metonymy | πολλάς…κώμας τῶν Σαμαρειτῶν | 1 | to many villages of the Samaritans | The term villages refers figuratively by association to the people who lived in these villages. Alternate translation: “to the people in many Samaritan villages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1296 | ACT | 8 | 26 | mbj9 | writing-newevent | δὲ | 1 | Now | Luke is using the word translated But to introduce a new event. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
1297 | ACT | 8 | 26 | w1nk | figs-idiom | ἀνάστηθι | 1 | Arise and go | Here the word arise means that the angel wanted Philip to take action, not that the angel wanted him to stand up from a seated position. Alternate translation: “Pack for a journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1298 | ACT | 8 | 26 | le2c | figs-idiom | τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν καταβαίνουσαν ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλὴμ εἰς Γάζαν | 1 | that goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza | The angel speaks of the road going down from Jerusalem because that was the customary way of speaking about traveling from Jerusalem, since that city is up on a mountain. Alternate translation: “the road that leads from Jerusalem to Gaza” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1299 | ACT | 8 | 26 | a18y | writing-background | αὕτη ἐστὶν ἔρημος | 1 | This is desert | This sentence could be: (1) something that Luke adds to provide background information about the area through which Philip would be travelling. Alternate translation: “from Jerusalem to Gaza.’ (Now that road leads through a desert.)” (2) part of what the angel is saying to Philip. Alternate translation: “from Jerusalem to Gaza, which is a desert road.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
1300 | ACT | 8 | 27 | s0yn | figs-idiom | ἀναστὰς, ἐπορεύθη | 1 | As in the previous verse, the word arising means that Philip took preparatory action, not that he stood up from a seated position. Alternate translation: “he prepared for a journey and left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1301 | ACT | 8 | 27 | xy7x | writing-participants | ἰδοὺ | 1 | behold | Luke is using the word behold to alert his audience to a new person in the story. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
1302 | ACT | 8 | 27 | zkc5 | writing-background | ἀνὴρ, Αἰθίοψ εὐνοῦχος, δυνάστης Κανδάκης βασιλίσσης Αἰθιόπων, ὃς ἦν ἐπὶ πάσης τῆς γάζης αὐτῆς, ὃς ἐληλύθει προσκυνήσων εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ | 1 | This verse provides background information about this Ethiopian official and why he was travelling along this road. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence and to use a natural form for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “a man from Ethiopia. Now this man was a eunuch, an official of the Kandake, the queen of the Ethiopians, who was over all her treasure, and he had come to Jerusalem to worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translatewriting-background]]) | |
1303 | ACT | 8 | 27 | i5zh | figs-idiom | ἀνὴρ, Αἰθίοψ | 1 | This is an idiomatic way of describing someone. Alternate translation: “a man from Ethiopia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1304 | ACT | 8 | 27 | s1uf | translate-unknown | εὐνοῦχος, δυνάστης Κανδάκης | 1 | a eunuch | While the word eunuch describes a man who has been castrated, as men sometimes were who served in royal courts in the ancient world, the emphasis here is on the fact that this man was a high government official, not on his physical state. Alternate translation: “an important official in the court of the Kandake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
1305 | ACT | 8 | 27 | t5t1 | translate-names | Κανδάκης | 1 | of Candace | Kandake was a title for the queens of Ethiopia. It is similar to the word Pharaoh, the title that was used for the kings of Egypt. So in your translation, make clear that it is a title rather than a name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
1306 | ACT | 8 | 27 | nm48 | figs-metaphor | ὃς ἦν ἐπὶ πάσης τῆς γάζης αὐτῆς | 1 | Luke is using a spatial metaphor when says that this man was over the treasure of the Kandake. He means that the man was responsible for it. Alternate translation: “who was in charge of her treasury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1307 | ACT | 8 | 27 | v8q7 | figs-explicit | ὃς ἐληλύθει προσκυνήσων εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ | 1 | who had come to Jerusalem to worship | The implication is that this man was a Gentile who believed in the true God and had come to worship at the Jewish temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Even though he was a Gentile, he had come to worship the true God at the temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1308 | ACT | 8 | 27 | uk32 | figs-go | ὃς ἐληλύθει | 1 | Your language may say “gone” rather than come in a context such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “who had gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
1309 | ACT | 8 | 28 | d3kv | translate-unknown | τοῦ ἅρματος | 1 | chariot | Here and in 8:29 and 8:38, the term chariot probably means something like “carriage.” Chariots were vehicles for war, not for long-distance travel, and people stood to ride in chariots, while this man was seated. Alternate translation, as in UST: “his carriage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
1310 | ACT | 8 | 28 | bx2j | figs-metonymy | ἀνεγίνωσκεν τὸν προφήτην Ἠσαΐαν | 1 | was reading the prophet Isaiah | Luke is using the phrase the prophet Isaiah figuratively to mean the prophecies that Isaiah spoke and recorded. Alternate translation: “he was reading from the book of Isaiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1311 | ACT | 8 | 28 | n40c | figs-explicit | ἀνεγίνωσκεν | 1 | Since Philip was able to hear what the man was reading, as 8:30 explains, the implication is that the man was reading aloud. Alternate translation: “he was reading aloud from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1312 | ACT | 8 | 29 | llh1 | figs-metonymy | πρόσελθε καὶ κολλήθητι τῷ ἅρματι τούτῳ | 1 | be joined to this chariot | The Spirit means figuratively that Philip is to stay close to the person riding in the chariot. Alternate translation: “Go over to that chariot so you can be near the man in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1313 | ACT | 8 | 30 | ffh7 | figs-metonymy | ἀναγινώσκοντος Ἠσαΐαν τὸν προφήτην | 1 | reading Isaiah the prophet | Luke is using the phrase Isaiah the prophet figuratively to mean the prophecies that Isaiah spoke and recorded. Alternate translation: “reading from the book of Isaiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1314 | ACT | 8 | 30 | x98i | figs-explicit | ἆρά γε γινώσκεις ἃ ἀναγινώσκεις | 1 | Do you understand what you are reading? | The Ethiopian was a literate, educated man who could read, but he lacked spiritual discernment. Philip is asking implicitly whether he understands the meaning of the passage from Isaiah. Alternate translation: “Do you understand the meaning of what you are reading?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1315 | ACT | 8 | 31 | r5g2 | figs-rquestion | πῶς γὰρ ἂν δυναίμην ἐὰν μή τις ὁδηγήσει με? | 1 | how would I be able, unless someone will guide me? | The man is not asking for information. He is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “No, I cannot understand unless someone guides me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
1316 | ACT | 8 | 31 | zx9h | figs-explicit | παρεκάλεσέν…τὸν Φίλιππον, ἀναβάντα καθίσαι σὺν αὐτῷ | 1 | he summoned Philip, having come up, to sit with him | The implication is that when the man invited Philip to come up and sit with him, Philip agreed to travel down the road with him to explain the Scriptures. Alternate translation: “he invited Philip to come up and sit with him and explain the Scriptures, and Philip accepted the invitation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1317 | ACT | 8 | 32 | nd93 | figs-explicit | ὡς πρόβατον ἐπὶ σφαγὴν ἤχθη | 1 | This a quotation from Isaiah 53:7–8. It describes the Messiah, whom Isaiah calls “the servant of the Lord.” But since the Ethiopian official did not know whom Isaiah was describing and had to ask Philip, it would be better not to specify that at this point by saying, for example, “The Messiah was led like a sheep to the slaugher” or “The servant of the Lord was led like a sheep to the slaughter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1318 | ACT | 8 | 32 | bgk9 | figs-abstractnouns | ὡς πρόβατον ἐπὶ σφαγὴν ἤχθη | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of slaughter, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “He was led like a sheep that was going to be slaughtered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1319 | ACT | 8 | 32 | kh97 | figs-activepassive | ἤχθη | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People led him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1320 | ACT | 8 | 32 | lu3j | translate-unknown | ἐναντίον τοῦ κείραντος αὐτὸν ἄφωνος | 1 | like a lamb before its shearer is silent | A shearer is a person who cuts the wool off the sheep so that it may be used. If your readers would not be familiar with this word and you have no comparable word in your language, you could express the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “is silent while its wool is being cut off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
1321 | ACT | 8 | 32 | k8sy | figs-metonymy | οὐκ ἀνοίγει τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ | 1 | This means that the Messiah does not speak, by association with the way a person would open his mouth in order to speak. Alternate translation: “he says nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1322 | ACT | 8 | 33 | dwur | figs-abstractnouns | ἐν τῇ ταπεινώσει, ἡ κρίσις αὐτοῦ ἤρθη | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of humiliation and justice, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “Because he acted humbly and did not defend himself, his enemies were able to treat him unjustly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1323 | ACT | 8 | 33 | y2a1 | figs-activepassive | ἡ κρίσις αὐτοῦ ἤρθη | 1 | In humiliation his justice was taken away | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his enemies denied him justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1324 | ACT | 8 | 33 | k3uz | figs-rquestion | τὴν γενεὰν αὐτοῦ τίς διηγήσεται? | 1 | Who can fully describe his generation? | Isaiah is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “No one will describe his generation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
1325 | ACT | 8 | 33 | ec09 | figs-declarative | τὴν γενεὰν αὐτοῦ τίς διηγήσεται? | 1 | Isaiah is using a future statement to describe capability. If this would be confusing for your readers, you could use form that is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Who can describe his generation?” or “No one will be able to describe his generation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]]) | |
1326 | ACT | 8 | 33 | yxxn | figs-abstractnouns | τὴν γενεὰν αὐτοῦ τίς διηγήσεται? | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of generation, you could express the same idea in another way. This could mean: (1) that no one will be able to describe the Messiah’s descendants because he will die without having any children. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to describe his descendants.” (2) that no one will be able to describe the other people living at the same time as the Messiah because they will be so wicked. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to describe how wicked his contemporaries are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1327 | ACT | 8 | 33 | idk8 | figs-activepassive | αἴρεται ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἡ ζωὴ αὐτοῦ | 1 | his life was taken from the earth | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his enemies will take his life from the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1328 | ACT | 8 | 34 | agq5 | figs-hendiadys | ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ εὐνοῦχος τῷ Φιλίππῳ εἶπεν | 1 | Together the words answering and said mean that the Ethiopian official responded to Philip’s question about whether he understood what he was reading. Alternate translation: “The eunuch responded to Philip’s question by saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) | |
1329 | ACT | 8 | 34 | htb2 | figs-idiom | δέομαί σου | 1 | I am begging you | The Ethiopian official is using a polite, idiomatic expression. Alternate translation: “Please tell me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1330 | ACT | 8 | 34 | pa3m | writing-pronouns | ἑτέρου τινός | 1 | In this context, the pronoun other means “other person.” Alternate translation: “some other person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1331 | ACT | 8 | 35 | j7xw | figs-metonymy | ἀνοίξας…τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ | 1 | This means that Philip spoke, by association with the way a person would be opening his mouth in order to speak. The image of the open mouth suggests a certain confidence and freedom in speaking. Alternate translation: “speaking confidently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1332 | ACT | 8 | 35 | uw21 | figs-explicit | τῆς Γραφῆς ταύτης | 1 | this scripture | By this scripture, Luke implicitly means the passage that the official had been reading. Alternate translation: “the passage from Isaiah that the official had been reading” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1333 | ACT | 8 | 35 | xg4i | figs-metonymy | εὐηγγελίσατο αὐτῷ τὸν Ἰησοῦν | 1 | Luke is using the name Jesus figuratively by association to mean the message about Jesus. Alternate translation: “the good news about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1334 | ACT | 8 | 36 | ip13 | figs-metonymy | τι ὕδωρ…ὕδωρ | 1 | they were going along the road | Luke and the official are using the word water figuratively to mean a body of water, such as a pool at a desert oasis. Alternate translation: “a pool of water … there is a pool of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1335 | ACT | 8 | 36 | muz2 | figs-rquestion | τί κωλύει με βαπτισθῆναι? | 1 | What is preventing me from being baptized? | This question could be: (1) a rhetorical question that the eunuch is using as a polite way to ask Philip to baptize him. Alternate translation: “Please allow me to be baptized.” (2) a genuine request for information, since Philip seems to answer this question in 8:37 by identifying something that could keep the official from being baptized. Alternate translation: “Is there a condition I must meet in order to be baptized?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
1336 | ACT | 8 | 36 | wb9j | figs-activepassive | με βαπτισθῆναι | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you from baptizing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1337 | ACT | 8 | 37 | ov75 | translate-textvariants | εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ Φίλιππος ἐὰν πιστεύεις ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας σου σωθήσει; ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ εἶπεν Πιστεύω εἰς τὸν Χριστὸν τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ | 1 | As the General Introduction to Acts explains, this verse is found in many traditional versions of the Bible, but it is not found in the most accurate ancient manuscripts of the Bible. ULT and UST indicate this by putting the verse in brackets. If a translation of the Bible already exists in your area, you could consider including this verse if that translation does. If there is not already a Bible translation in your area, we recommend that you indicate in some way that this verse may not be original, such as by putting it in brackets or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) | |
1338 | ACT | 8 | 37 | qj5i | figs-metaphor | ἐὰν πιστεύεις ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας σου | 1 | Here, the heart figuratively represents the thoughts and intentions. Alternate translation: “If you genuinely believe in Jesus and want to be his disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1339 | ACT | 8 | 37 | djq2 | figs-activepassive | σωθήσει | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1340 | ACT | 8 | 37 | e3uu | figs-hendiadys | ἀποκριθεὶς…εἶπεν | 1 | Together the words answering and said mean that the eunuch responded to the what Philip told him. Alternate translation: “the eunuch responded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) | |
1341 | ACT | 8 | 38 | l8wl | figs-metonymy | ἐκέλευσεν στῆναι τὸ ἅρμα | 1 | he commanded the chariot to stop | Luke is using the term chariot figuratively by association to mean the driver of the chariot. Alternate translation: “the official told the driver of the chariot to stop” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1342 | ACT | 8 | 38 | nn00 | writing-pronouns | ἐβάπτισεν αὐτόν | 1 | The pronoun he stands for Philip, and the pronoun him stands for the eunuch. Alternate translation: “Philip baptized the eunuch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1343 | ACT | 8 | 39 | xp52 | grammar-connect-time-sequential | γὰρ | 1 | the eunuch did not see him anymore | While the word translated for often introduces a reason, that does not seem to be its function here. Luke is not saying that the eunuch did not see Philip any more because he did not look for him but instead went on his way. Rather, the word for seems simply to introduce a continuation of the narrative. Alternate translation: “but” or “nevertheless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) |
1344 | ACT | 8 | 40 | r1x7 | figs-explicit | Φίλιππος…εὑρέθη εἰς Ἄζωτον | 1 | Philip was found at Azotus | The implication is that there was no indication of Philip traveling between where he baptized the Ethiopian and Azotus. He suddenly disappeared along the road to Gaza and reappeared at the town of Azotus. Alternate translation: “Philip suddenly reappeared at Azotus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1345 | ACT | 8 | 40 | bbws | figs-activepassive | Φίλιππος…εὑρέθη εἰς Ἄζωτον | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Philip reappeared at Azotus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1346 | ACT | 8 | 40 | arh5 | διερχόμενος | 1 | passed through | Alternate translation: “as he passed through that area, he was” | |
1347 | ACT | 8 | 40 | zfn6 | figs-hyperbole | τὰς πόλεις πάσας | 1 | to all the cities | Luke says all as a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “to the cities in that region” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
1348 | ACT | 8 | 40 | yf7i | grammar-connect-time-background | Ἄζωτον…Καισάρειαν | 1 | Azotus and Caesarea are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1349 | ACT | 9 | intro | jm6x | 0 | Acts 9 General NotesStructure and formattingIn 9:1, the story shifts back to Saul and tells about his salvation. In 9:32, the story shifts from Saul to a new part of the story about Peter. Acts 9:31 is a summary statement that Luke uses to mark the transition into the third major part of the book. Special concepts in this chapter“Letters for the synagogues in Damascus”The “letters” Paul asked for in 9:2 were probably legal papers that permitted him to put Christians in prison. The synagogue leaders in Damascus would have obeyed the letter because it was written by the high priest. If the Romans had seen the letter, they also would have allowed Saul to persecute the Christians, because they permitted the Jews to do as they desired to people who broke their religious laws. “The Way”No one knows for sure who first started calling the community of Jesus’ followers “the Way.” This may be what the believers called themselves, because the Bible often speaks of a person living his life as if that person were walking on a path or “way.” If this is true, the believers were “following the way of the Lord” by living in a way that pleased God. However, in the book of Acts the term is only used by outsiders, as in 9:2, or by believers speaking to outsiders. So it could also be a term by which the community of Jesus’ followers was known outside that community. “the church”Acts 9:31 is the first use of the word church in the singular to refer to more than one local congregation. In that verse it refers to all the believers in all the groups throughout Judea, Galilee, and Samaria. It shows that they recognized that they all had a common identity as followers of Jesus. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapterWhat Saul saw when he met JesusIt is clear that Saul saw a light and that it was because of this light that he “fell upon the ground.” Some people think that Saul knew that it was the Lord speaking to him without seeing a human form, because the Bible often speaks of God as being light and living in light. Other people think that later in his life he was able to say, “I have seen the Lord Jesus” because it was a human form that he saw here. | |||
1350 | ACT | 9 | 1 | r4n5 | writing-newevent | δὲ | 1 | General Information: | Luke uses the word translated But to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
1351 | ACT | 9 | 1 | anb6 | figs-hendiadys | ἐμπνέων ἀπειλῆς καὶ φόνου εἰς | 1 | still speaking threats even of murder against the disciples | Luke is using the two words threat and murder together to express a single idea. The word murder tells what kind of threat Saul was making. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use and. Alternate translation: “making murderous threats against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
1352 | ACT | 9 | 1 | lrre | figs-metonymy | ἐμπνέων | 1 | Luke is using the term breathing figuratively by association to mean “speaking,” since people breathe out while they speak. Alternate translation: “speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1353 | ACT | 9 | 2 | wyfp | writing-pronouns | αὐτοῦ…εὕρῃ…ἀγάγῃ | 1 | The pronoun him refers to the high priest and both instances of the pronoun he refer to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1354 | ACT | 9 | 2 | zu6j | translate-unknown | ἐπιστολὰς | 1 | See the General Notes to this chapter for an explanation of what these letters were. This may help you decide what word in your language to use for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
1355 | ACT | 9 | 2 | v9lw | figs-metonymy | εἰς Δαμασκὸν πρὸς τὰς συναγωγάς | 1 | to the synagogues | Luke is using the terms Damascus and synagogues figuratively by association to mean the people, probably the leaders, of the synagogues in Damascus. Alternate translation: “to the people in the synagogues of Damascus” or “to the leaders of the synagogues in Damascus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1356 | ACT | 9 | 2 | lvzt | translate-names | Δαμασκὸν | 1 | Damascus is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1357 | ACT | 9 | 2 | thuy | translate-names | τῆς ὁδοῦ, ὄντας | 1 | As the General Notes to this chapter explain, the Way was one of the first names that people used to describe the community of believers in Jesus. If your language has a word for “way” or “path” that you can use as a name, it would be appropriate to use it here. Alternate translation: “who belonged to the Way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1358 | ACT | 9 | 2 | mma1 | figs-activepassive | δεδεμένους ἀγάγῃ εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he might bind them and bring them to the chief priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1359 | ACT | 9 | 2 | grch | figs-synecdoche | δεδεμένους ἀγάγῃ εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ | 1 | Luke is figuratively using one part of the arrest process to represent the entire process. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “he might arrest them and bring them to the chief priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1360 | ACT | 9 | 2 | a6z4 | figs-explicit | δεδεμένους ἀγάγῃ εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ | 1 | having bound them, he might bring them to Jerusalem | The implication is that Saul wanted to bring believers in Jesus to Jerusalem for trial and punishment by the Jewish leaders. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he might take them as prisoners to Jerusalem so that the Jewish leaders there could judge and punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1361 | ACT | 9 | 3 | jf4g | figs-explicit | ἐν…τῷ πορεύεσθαι | 1 | as he was traveling | Luke means implicitly that the high priest gave Saul the letters he asked for and that Saul then left Jerusalem to go to Damascus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “as he was traveling to Damascus with letters that the high priest gave him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1362 | ACT | 9 | 3 | by55 | writing-newevent | ἐγένετο | 1 | it happened that | Luke uses the phrase it happened that to introduce a significant development in this story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for this purpose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
1363 | ACT | 9 | 3 | dm6c | αὐτὸν περιήστραψεν φῶς ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ | 1 | there shone on him a light from heaven | Alternate translation: “a light from heaven shone all around him” | |
1364 | ACT | 9 | 3 | gua8 | ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ | 1 | from heaven | This could mean: (1) heaven, where God lives or (2) the sky. The first meaning is preferable. Use that meaning if your language has a separate word for it. | |
1365 | ACT | 9 | 4 | y4u4 | figs-explicit | πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν | 1 | he fell to the ground | Saul did not fall down accidentally. This could mean: (1) that the light caused him to fall to the ground. Alternate translation: “falling to the ground stunned by the dazzling light” (2) that Saul fainted when he saw the light. Alternate translation: “falling faint because of the glorious light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1366 | ACT | 9 | 4 | c9l4 | figs-rquestion | τί με διώκεις? | 1 | why are you persecuting me? | The voice is using the question form to rebuke Saul. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate its words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the rebuke in another way. Alternate translation: “you should not be persecuting me.” or “stop persecuting me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
1367 | ACT | 9 | 5 | jaq2 | τίς εἶ, κύριε? | 1 | Who are you, Lord? | Saul is not yet acknowledging that Jesus is Lord. He uses that title because he recognizes that he is speaking to someone of divine power. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could use a similar term of respect. Alternate translation: “Who are you, Sir” | |
1368 | ACT | 9 | 5 | abc0 | writing-pronouns | εἶπεν…ὁ | 1 | he | The first instance of he stands for Saul, and the second instance of he stands for Jesus. Alternate translation: “Saul said … Jesus replied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
1369 | ACT | 9 | 5 | q8ge | εἶ…σὺ | 1 | Both occurrences of the word you here are singular. | ||
1370 | ACT | 9 | 6 | fbi6 | figs-activepassive | λαληθήσεταί σοι | 1 | it will be told to you | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone will tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1371 | ACT | 9 | 8 | puw3 | figs-explicit | ἀνεῳγμένων…τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτοῦ | 1 | his eyes being opened | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation, as in UST: “when he opened his eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1372 | ACT | 9 | 8 | dgg8 | writing-pronouns | εἰσήγαγον | 1 | he was seeing nothing | The pronoun they stands for the men who were traveling with Saul, as described in 9:8. Alternate translation: “the men who were traveling with him brought him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
1373 | ACT | 9 | 9 | fhn6 | ἦν ἡμέρας τρεῖς μὴ βλέπων | 1 | he was … without sight | Alternate translation: “he remained blinded for three days” | |
1374 | ACT | 9 | 9 | t8uc | figs-explicit | οὐκ ἔφαγεν οὐδὲ ἔπιεν | 1 | neither ate nor drank | This could mean: that Saul chose not to eat or drink as a form of worship. 9:11 says that Saul was praying at this time, and he may have been fasting along with his prayers. Alternate translation: “he fasted from food and drink” (2) that Saul had no appetite or thirst because he was too distressed from his situation. Alternate translation: “he was too distressed to eat or drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1375 | ACT | 9 | 10 | j847 | writing-participants | ἦν δέ τις μαθητὴς ἐν Δαμασκῷ ὀνόματι Ἁνανίας | 1 | Now there was | Luke uses this sentence to introduce a new character into the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
1376 | ACT | 9 | 10 | kgn9 | translate-names | Ἁνανίας | 1 | Ananias is the name of a man. This is not the same Ananias whom Luke described in 5:1 (that man died), but you may translate the name here the same way you did there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1377 | ACT | 9 | 10 | vqh0 | ὁ Κύριος | 1 | Here and throughout this chapter, the Lord is a respectful title that Luke is using to refer to Jesus. Alternate translation: “the Lord Jesus” | ||
1378 | ACT | 9 | 10 | vl8k | figs-idiom | ἰδοὺ, ἐγώ, Κύριε | 1 | he said | Behold, I is a Hebrew idiom that Ananias is using to identify himself as the Ananias to whom the Lord is calling. Alternate translation: “Yes, Lord, this is Ananias” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1379 | ACT | 9 | 10 | u3e1 | figs-explicit | ἰδοὺ, ἐγώ, Κύριε | 1 | Ananias is saying implicitly that he is present and available to serve the Lord. Alternate translation: “Yes, Lord, this is Ananias, and I am here ready to do what you ask” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1380 | ACT | 9 | 11 | mn24 | figs-idiom | ἀναστὰς, πορεύθητι ἐπὶ τὴν ῥύμην τὴν καλουμένην Εὐθεῖαν | 1 | go to the street which is called Straight | Here, the word arising means that God wants Ananias to take action, not that Ananias is lying down or sitting down and God wants him to stand up. You may be able to convey this with a different kind of expression. Alternate translation: “Go on over to Straight Street” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1381 | ACT | 9 | 11 | kopv | figs-activepassive | τὴν ῥύμην τὴν καλουμένην Εὐθεῖαν | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form called, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation, as in UST: “the street that people call Straight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1382 | ACT | 9 | 11 | pyr2 | translate-names | τὴν ῥύμην τὴν καλουμένην Εὐθεῖαν | 1 | Straight is the name of a street. Alternate translation: “Straight Street” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1383 | ACT | 9 | 11 | ie1l | Ἰούδα | 1 | the house of Judas | Judas it the name of a man. This is not the disciple who betrayed Jesus (that man died); this Judas was the owner of a house in Damascus where Saul was staying. But you may translate the name here the same way you did in 1:13, 1:16, and 5:37 for the disciple and two other men with the same name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1384 | ACT | 9 | 11 | u5j8 | translate-names | Σαῦλον ὀνόματι Ταρσέα | 1 | a man named Saul, from Tarsus | Tarsus is the name of a city. Alternate translation: “a man named Saul from the city of Tarsus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
1385 | ACT | 9 | 11 | k3ve | figs-metaphor | ἰδοὺ γὰρ, προσεύχεται | 1 | The Lord says behold to get Ananias to focus his attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here in your translation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Now listen carefully: He is praying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1386 | ACT | 9 | 12 | jk46 | translate-symaction | ἐπιθέντα αὐτῷ χεῖρας | 1 | laying hands on him | In this culture, laying hands on people was a symbolic way of conveying a spiritual blessing to them, as the apostles did in 6:6 for the men chosen to oversee the food distribution. If there is a comparable symbolic action in your culture, you could use that in your translation. You could also use a general expression. Alternate translation: “giving him a spiritual blessing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
1387 | ACT | 9 | 13 | quxn | figs-nominaladj | ἀπὸ πολλῶν | 1 | Ananias is using the adjective many as a noun in order to indicate a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “from many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1388 | ACT | 9 | 13 | sh2m | figs-abstractnouns | ὅσα κακὰ | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of evils, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how many harmful things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1389 | ACT | 9 | 13 | la9t | figs-metonymy | τοῖς ἁγίοις σου ἐποίησεν ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ | 1 | to your saints | Ananias is using the term saints figuratively by association to mean believers in Jesus, since the term means “holy ones” or “ones who are set apart.” Alternate translation: “to the people in Jerusalem who are dedicated to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1390 | ACT | 9 | 14 | ptd6 | figs-abstractnouns | ἔχει ἐξουσίαν παρὰ τῶν ἀρχιερέων | 1 | he has authority … to bind all | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of authority, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “the chief priests have authorized him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
1391 | ACT | 9 | 14 | gk5o | figs-synecdoche | δῆσαι | 1 | Ananias is figuratively using one part of the arrest process to represent the entire process. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “to arrest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1392 | ACT | 9 | 14 | hi6x | figs-nominaladj | τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους τὸ ὄνομά σου | 1 | Ananias is using the participle calling, which functions as an adjective, as a noun. ULT adds the term ones to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the people who call on your name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1393 | ACT | 9 | 14 | t3fl | figs-metonymy | τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους τὸ ὄνομά σου | 1 | who call upon your name | Here, name figuratively represents a person, by association with the way that each person has a name. Alternate translation: “the ones calling upon you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1394 | ACT | 9 | 14 | ampz | figs-idiom | τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους τὸ ὄνομά σου | 1 | Here, calling on is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the ones worshiping you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1395 | ACT | 9 | 15 | jmt7 | figs-possession | σκεῦος ἐκλογῆς…μοι | 1 | this one is a chosen instrument of mine | The Lord is using the possessive form to describe Saul as an instrument who is characterized by his choosing. Alternate translation: “an instrument I have chosen” or “someone I have chosen as an instrument” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
1396 | ACT | 9 | 15 | gk29 | writing-pronouns | οὗτος | 1 | The demonstrative pronoun this refers to Saul. Alternate translation: “this man” or “this man Saul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1397 | ACT | 9 | 15 | ndxu | figs-metaphor | σκεῦος ἐκλογῆς…μοι | 1 | The Lord describes Saul figuratively as an instrument or tool to indicate that he intends to use Saul to advance his purposes. Alternate translation: “someone I have chosen to use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1398 | ACT | 9 | 15 | z5fj | figs-metaphor | τοῦ βαστάσαι τὸ ὄνομά μου | 1 | who will carry my name | The Lord says figuratively that Saul will carry his name, meaning that he will go to many places and speak about it. Alternate translation: “to speak about my name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1399 | ACT | 9 | 15 | h8vw | figs-metonymy | τοῦ βαστάσαι τὸ ὄνομά μου | 1 | Here, name figuratively represents a person, by association with the way that each person has a name. Alternate translation: “to speak about me” or “to tell others about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1400 | ACT | 9 | 15 | wh8c | figs-explicit | ἐθνῶν | 1 | The term nations refers to people groups that are not Jewish. See how you translated it in 4:25. Alternate translation: “the Gentiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1401 | ACT | 9 | 15 | bbfd | figs-synecdoche | βασιλέων | 1 | The Lord is using kings, one kind of ruler, to mean all kinds of rulers. Saul, later known as Paul, testified before various rulers and officials. Alternate translation: “rulers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1402 | ACT | 9 | 15 | uq9b | figs-metaphor | υἱῶν…Ἰσραήλ | 1 | The Lord is using the word sons figuratively to mean “descendants.” He is speaking of the Israelites, who were descendants of the patriarch Jacob, also known as Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” or “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1403 | ACT | 9 | 16 | kty3 | figs-metonymy | ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματός μου | 1 | for my name | Here, name figuratively represents a person, by association with the way that each person has a name. This could mean: (1) that Saul will suffer for telling people about Jesus. Alternate translation: “to make me known” (2) that Saul will suffer for Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “for me” or “for my sake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1404 | ACT | 9 | 17 | s8ms | figs-explicit | ἀπῆλθεν δὲ Ἁνανίας καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν | 1 | And Ananias departed, and entered into the house | It may be helpful to state that Ananias went to the house before he entered into it. UST models one way to express this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1405 | ACT | 9 | 17 | my6m | translate-symaction | ἐπιθεὶς ἐπ’ αὐτὸν τὰς χεῖρας | 1 | having laid his hands on him | When Ananias laid his hands on Saul, this was a symbolic way of giving him a blessing. See the explanation at 9:2 and see how you translated the same expression there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
1406 | ACT | 9 | 17 | q61x | figs-you | σοι…ἤρχου…ἀναβλέψῃς | 1 | All of the occurrences of the word you in this verse are singular and refer to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) | |
1407 | ACT | 9 | 17 | cah9 | figs-metaphor | Σαοὺλ, ἀδελφέ | 1 | Brother is a figurative title that Ananias is using for Saul. The two men are not actual brothers. This could mean: (1) that Ananias is already addressing Saul as someone who shares the same faith. See how you translated “brother” with this meaning in 1:15 and 6:3. Alternate translation: “Saul, my fellow believer” (2) that Ananias is addressing Saul as a fellow Israelite, as the word is used in 3:17 and many other places in this book. Alternate translation: “Saul, my kinsman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1408 | ACT | 9 | 17 | cxu4 | figs-nominaladj | ὁ ὀφθείς σοι | 1 | Ananias is using the participle having appeared, which functions as an adjective, as a noun to mean a person, Jesus. ULT adds the term one to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “who appeared to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1409 | ACT | 9 | 17 | ptg0 | figs-go | ᾗ ἤρχου | 1 | Your language may say “coming” rather than going in a context such as this. Use whichever word is more natural. Alternate translation: “by which you were coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
1410 | ACT | 9 | 17 | a89q | figs-activepassive | ὅπως ἀναβλέψῃς καὶ πλησθῇς Πνεύματος Ἁγίου | 1 | so that you might see again and be filled with the Holy Spirit | If your language does not use the passive form filled, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that you might see again and that the Holy Spirit might fill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1411 | ACT | 9 | 17 | x4ey | figs-metaphor | πλησθῇς Πνεύματος Ἁγίου | 1 | Ananias is speaking figuratively as if Saul were a container that the Holy Spirit could fill. Alternate translation: “receive the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1412 | ACT | 9 | 18 | m1hx | translate-unknown | λεπίδες | 1 | something like scales fell | It may be helpful to your readers if you use something they would recognize that has scales to describe the scales that fell from Saul’s eyes. Alternate translation: “fish scales” or “lizard scales” or “snake scales” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
1413 | ACT | 9 | 18 | efs9 | figs-activepassive | ἐβαπτίσθη | 1 | rising up, he was baptized | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Ananias baptized him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1414 | ACT | 9 | 19 | rxfi | figs-activepassive | ἐνισχύθη | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he felt stronger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1415 | ACT | 9 | 20 | rc49 | writing-pronouns | ἐκήρυσσεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | The personal pronoun he refers to Saul, and the demonstrative pronoun this refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “Saul proclaimed that Jesus is the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) | |
1416 | ACT | 9 | 20 | w65r | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | Son of God | Son of God is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
1417 | ACT | 9 | 21 | xid8 | figs-hyperbole | πάντες οἱ ἀκούοντες | 1 | all who were hearing | Luke says all as a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “those who heard him” or “many who heard him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
1418 | ACT | 9 | 21 | a8j8 | figs-nominaladj | οἱ ἀκούοντες…ὁ πορθήσας…τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους | 1 | Luke is using the participles hearing, having destroyed, and calling on, which function as adjective, as as nouns. ULT adds the terms ones and one to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “those who heard … the man who destroyed … those who call” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1419 | ACT | 9 | 21 | f4fd | figs-rquestion | οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ πορθήσας ἐν Ἰερουσαλὴμ τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο | 1 | Is not this the one who destroyed those in Jerusalem who call on this name? | The people in Damascus are using the question form to emphasize that Saul was indeed the man who had persecuted the believers. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate its words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “This is the man who destroyed those in Jerusalem who call on this name!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
1420 | ACT | 9 | 21 | ctg3 | figs-explicit | τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο | 1 | this name | By this name the speakers implicitly mean the name of Jesus. Alternate translation: “the ones calling on the name of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1421 | ACT | 9 | 21 | l82i | figs-metonymy | τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο | 1 | Here, the name of Jesus figuratively represents his person. Alternate translation: “the ones calling on Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1422 | ACT | 9 | 21 | zuoi | figs-idiom | τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο | 1 | Here, calling on is an idiom. See how you translated it in 9:14. Alternate translation: “the ones worshiping Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1423 | ACT | 9 | 21 | locy | figs-rquestion | καὶ ὧδε εἰς τοῦτο ἐληλύθει, ἵνα δεδεμένους, αὐτοὺς ἀγάγῃ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς? | 1 | This could be: (1) a continuation of the rhetorical question in the first part of the quotation. (ULT starts a new sentence here, but the entire quotation may be a single sentence.) If you would not use a rhetorical question in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “And he had come here for this, to arrest them and bring them to the chief priests!” (2) a statement that the people in Damascus are making to give a further reason for their surprise. Alternate translation: “Indeed, he had come here for this, to arrest them and bring them to the chief priests.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1424 | ACT | 9 | 21 | i512 | figs-activepassive | ἵνα δεδεμένους, αὐτοὺς ἀγάγῃ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that he might bind them and bring them to the chief priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1425 | ACT | 9 | 21 | pnrp | figs-synecdoche | ἵνα δεδεμένους, αὐτοὺς ἀγάγῃ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς | 1 | Like Ananias in 9:14, the people here are figuratively using one part of the arrest process to represent the entire process. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “that he might arrest them and bring them to the chief priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1426 | ACT | 9 | 22 | r1np | figs-explicit | καὶ συνέχυννεν τοὺς Ἰουδαίους τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν Δαμασκῷ, συμβιβάζων ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός | 1 | was stirring up the Jews | Saul was not intentionally stirring up the Jews. They became agitated because they could not find a way to refute Saul’s arguments that Jesus was the Messiah. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “As he proved that Jesus is the Christ, the Jews living in Damascus became agitated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1427 | ACT | 9 | 23 | cg9k | figs-idiom | ὡς…ἐπληροῦντο ἡμέραι ἱκαναί | 1 | As in 2:1 and 7:23, this is an idiomatic way of speaking about time. Alternate translation: “after many days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1428 | ACT | 9 | 23 | nyh4 | figs-activepassive | ὡς…ἐπληροῦντο ἡμέραι ἱκαναί | 1 | Since this is an idiom, it would probably not be meaningful in most languages to retain the verb “fill” but use an active verbal form instead of the passive form here. However, if your language does speak of someone or something “filling” days or times so that they arrive, and if your language does not use passive verbal forms, you could use an active form of “fill” here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1429 | ACT | 9 | 23 | g74c | figs-synecdoche | οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι | 1 | the Jews | This refers to the leaLuke is using the name of a whole group, the Jews, to refer to one part of that group, its leaders. Alternate translation: “the leaders of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])ders of the Jews. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
1430 | ACT | 9 | 23 | g6gw | writing-pronouns | αὐτόν | 1 | The pronoun him refers to Saul. Alternate translation: “Saul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1431 | ACT | 9 | 24 | gnm1 | figs-infostructure | ἐγνώσθη δὲ τῷ Σαύλῳ ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ αὐτῶν | 1 | This could mean: (1) that a person realized there was a plot by recognizing that the Jewish leaders were watching the gates, and that person told Saul. In that case it may be helpful to move this information to the end of the verse, as UST does. (2) that someone told Saul about the plot, but even so, he was not able to flee for his life, because the gates were being watched. In that case you could change the second instance of But in the verse to “However.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]]) | |
1432 | ACT | 9 | 24 | lv62 | figs-activepassive | ἐγνώσθη δὲ τῷ Σαύλῳ ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ αὐτῶν | 1 | But their plan became known to Saul | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Saul learned about their plot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1433 | ACT | 9 | 24 | cy9n | figs-explicit | παρετηροῦντο…τὰς πύλας…ὅπως αὐτὸν ἀνέλωσιν | 1 | indeed they were watching the gates | The city of Damascus had a wall surrounding it. People could normally only enter and exit the city through the gates in this wall. Saul’s enemies expected that he would try to leave the city eventually and they hoped to catch him and kill him when he did. Alternate translation: “they were … watching the gates in the city wall … in order to kill him when he tried to leave the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1434 | ACT | 9 | 24 | b0gv | figs-metonymy | τὰς πύλας | 1 | Luke is using the gates figuratively to mean the people going through the gates. Alternate translation: “to see who was going through the gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1435 | ACT | 9 | 24 | aezc | figs-merism | ἡμέρας τε καὶ νυκτὸς | 1 | Luke is figuratively using the two parts of a full day, day and night, to mean all the time. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. (1) Alternate translation: “all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
1436 | ACT | 9 | 25 | lc8m | figs-explicit | οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ | 1 | his disciples | These disciples were people who had believed Saul’s message and become committed followers of Jesus. Alternate translation: “the people who had believed Saul’s message about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1437 | ACT | 9 | 26 | e38m | figs-hyperbole | πάντες ἐφοβοῦντο αὐτόν | 1 | but they were all afraid of him | Luke says all as a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “they were afraid of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
1438 | ACT | 9 | 27 | abca | writing-pronouns | Βαρναβᾶς…ἐπιλαβόμενος αὐτὸν, ἤγαγεν πρὸς τοὺς ἀποστόλους; καὶ διηγήσατο αὐτοῖς πῶς ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ εἶδεν τὸν Κύριον, καὶ ὅτι ἐλάλησεν αὐτῷ…ἐπαρρησιάσατο | 1 | told them | The pronoun him refers to Saul in every instance. The pronoun he refers to Saul in the first and third instances and to the Lord in the second instance. The pronoun them refers to the apostles. Alternate translation: “taking hold of Saul, Barnabas brought him to the apostles and told the apostles how Saul had seen the Lord on the road and that the Lord had spoken to Saul … Saul had spoken boldly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
1439 | ACT | 9 | 27 | abcb | translate-names | Βαρναβᾶς | 1 | he had seen | Barnabas is the name of a man. See how you translated it in 4:36. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
1440 | ACT | 9 | 27 | n9f1 | figs-metonymy | ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | he had spoken boldly in the name of Jesus | Here the name of Jesus figuratively represents his authority. Saul had spoken boldly with delegated authority, representing Jesus. Alternate translation: “as a representative of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1441 | ACT | 9 | 28 | cgb1 | grammar-connect-logic-result | καὶ | 1 | Luke uses the word translated And to introduce what Saul was able to do after Barnabas reassured the apostles about him. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
1442 | ACT | 9 | 28 | m5rs | writing-pronouns | ἦν μετ’ αὐτῶν | 1 | he was with them | The pronoun he refers to Saul. The pronoun them refers to the apostles and probably other disciples in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Saul was with the apostles and other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
1443 | ACT | 9 | 28 | r6ok | figs-idiom | εἰσπορευόμενος καὶ ἐκπορευόμενος | 1 | This is a Hebrew idiom that refers to freedom of movement. Saul was completely accepted by the believers in Jerusalem and could go anywhere among them. Alternate translation: “moving about freely among them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1444 | ACT | 9 | 28 | fbb7 | figs-metonymy | ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | in the name of the Lord | See how you translated the similar expression in 9:27. Alternate translation: “as a representative of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1445 | ACT | 9 | 29 | d7lm | translate-names | Ἑλληνιστάς | 1 | debated with the Hellenists | Hellenists was the name for Jews in the Roman Empire who spoke the Greek language and followed Greek customs. See how you translated this name in 6:1. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names) |
1446 | ACT | 9 | 29 | lgqe | figs-explicit | οἱ δὲ ἐπεχείρουν ἀνελεῖν αὐτόν | 1 | The implication is that the Hellenists were not able to refute what Saul was saying about Jesus, and so they saw him as a threat and wanted to get rid of him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and because they could not refute him, they were attempting to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1447 | ACT | 9 | 30 | uz9a | figs-metaphor | οἱ ἀδελφοὶ | 1 | the brothers | Luke is using the term brothers figuratively to mean people who share the same faith. Alternate translation: “his fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1448 | ACT | 9 | 30 | j4mt | figs-idiom | κατήγαγον αὐτὸν εἰς Καισάρειαν | 1 | they brought him down to Caesarea | Luke uses the phrase brought him down because that was the customary way of speaking about traveling from Jerusalem, since that city is up on a mountain. Caesarea is lower in elevation. Alternate translation: “made sure he got safely to Caesarea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1449 | ACT | 9 | 30 | aqn6 | figs-explicit | ἐξαπέστειλαν αὐτὸν | 1 | sent him away to Tarsus | Caesarea was a seaport, and the believers probably sent Saul to Tarsus by ship. Alternate translation: “sent him away by ship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1450 | ACT | 9 | 31 | fh2g | figs-abstractnouns | εἶχεν εἰρήνην | 1 | had peace | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of peace, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “enjoyed peaceful conditions once more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
1451 | ACT | 9 | 31 | elq7 | figs-activepassive | οἰκοδομουμένη καὶ πορευομένη | 1 | being built up and going on | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, you could say “God” or “the Holy Spirit.” Alternate translation: “As God built it up and it journeyed” or “As the Holy Spirit built it up and it journeyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1452 | ACT | 9 | 31 | vx51 | figs-metaphor | οἰκοδομουμένη | 1 | Luke is speaking figuratively of the church as if it were a building that God was constructing. Alternate translation: “growing stronger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1453 | ACT | 9 | 31 | j8c9 | figs-metaphor | πορευομένη τῷ φόβῳ τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | walking in the fear of the Lord | Here, journeying figuratively means “living.” Alternate translation: “living in the fear of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1454 | ACT | 9 | 31 | z59s | πορευομένη τῷ φόβῳ τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | Here the word fear describes a deep respect for God. Alternate translation: “living with a deep respect for the Lord” | ||
1455 | ACT | 9 | 31 | hl24 | figs-possession | τῇ παρακλήσει τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος | 1 | in the comfort of the Holy Spirit | Luke is using the possessive form to describe the Holy Spirit as the one who was giving the church encouragement. Alternate translation: “with the Holy Spirit encouraging them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
1456 | ACT | 9 | 32 | w68g | writing-newevent | ἐγένετο δὲ | 1 | Now it happened that | Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
1457 | ACT | 9 | 32 | m9sg | figs-hyperbole | διὰ πάντων | 1 | throughout the whole region | Luke says all as a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “many places in the region of Judea, Galilee, and Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
1458 | ACT | 9 | 32 | ad7g | figs-idiom | κατελθεῖν | 1 | to come down | Luke says to come down because that was the customary way of speaking about traveling from Jerusalem, where Peter was living, since that city is up on a mountain. Lydda is lower in elevation. Alternate translation: “to travel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1459 | ACT | 9 | 32 | tckc | figs-metonymy | τοὺς ἁγίους τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Λύδδα | 1 | Luke says to come down because that was the customary way of speaking about traveling from Jerusalem, where Peter was living, since that city is up on a mountain. Lydda is lower in elevation. Alternate translation: “to travel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1460 | ACT | 9 | 32 | g5c4 | translate-names | Λύδδα | 1 | in Lydda | Lydda is the name of a city in Israel. It is located where the foothills meet the coastal plain. This city was called Lod in the Old Testament and it has that name in modern Israel as well. Decide what name would be most helpful to your readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
1461 | ACT | 9 | 33 | hzd7 | εὗρεν…ἐκεῖ ἄνθρωπόν τινα | 1 | he found there a certain man | The word found does not ean that Peter was intentionally searching for a certain man; he happened to meet him. Alternate translation: “there Peter happened to meet a man” | |
1462 | ACT | 9 | 33 | jnc4 | writing-participants | ἄνθρωπόν τινα ὀνόματι Αἰνέαν | 1 | a certain man named Aeneas | Luke uses this sentence to introduce Aeneas as a new character in the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
1463 | ACT | 9 | 33 | owf3 | translate-names | Αἰνέαν | 1 | Aeneas is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1464 | ACT | 9 | 33 | uj5f | writing-background | ἐξ ἐτῶν ὀκτὼ κατακείμενον ἐπὶ κραβάττου, ὃς ἦν παραλελυμένος | 1 | lying in a bed … who was paralyzed | In this verse, Luke provides background information about Aeneas to help readers understand what happens next in the story. This information shows how remarkable it was that Jesus could heal a man who had been bedridden for that long. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural and meaningful in your own language and culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
1465 | ACT | 9 | 33 | k7hw | grammar-connect-logic-result | ἐξ ἐτῶν ὀκτὼ κατακείμενον ἐπὶ κραβάττου, ὃς ἦν παραλελυμένος | 1 | paralyzed | The reason why Aeneas had been lying in a bed for eight years was that he was paralyzed. It may be clearer in your language to describe this result after giving the reason for it. Alternate translation: “who was paralyzed and so had lain in a bed for eight years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
1466 | ACT | 9 | 34 | t13n | ἀνάστηθι | 1 | Arise in this context is literal, not figurative. It means to get up from a position of lying down, rather than to take action or make preparations. | ||
1467 | ACT | 9 | 34 | ff2a | figs-rpronouns | ἀνάστηθι, καὶ στρῶσον σεαυτῷ | 1 | make your bed | Peter says for yourself to emphasize that Jesus has healed Aeneas so completely that he will now be able to do for himself what others previously had to do for him. Alternate translation: “Get up, you can make your own bed now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) |
1468 | ACT | 9 | 34 | khrm | translate-symaction | στρῶσον σεαυτῷ | 1 | Getting up and making his own bed was also a symbolic action by which Aeneas demonstrated that Jesus had healed him. Alternate translation: “Arise and make your bed to show everyone that Jesus has healed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/ translate-symaction]]) | |
1469 | ACT | 9 | 35 | wykn | writing-pronouns | εἶδαν αὐτὸν πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες Λύδδα καὶ τὸν Σαρῶνα, οἵτινες ἐπέστρεψαν ἐπὶ τὸν Κύριον | 1 | The pronoun him refers to Aeneas. The pronoun who refers to the people of Lydda and Sharon. Alternate translation: “when all the people living in Lydda and Sharon saw him, they turned to the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1470 | ACT | 9 | 35 | z3fp | figs-hyperbole | πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες Λύδδα καὶ τὸν Σαρῶνα | 1 | all who were living in Lydda and in Sharon | Luke says all as a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “those who lived in Lydda and in Sharon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
1471 | ACT | 9 | 35 | qkv4 | translate-names | καὶ τὸν Σαρῶνα | 1 | in Lydda and in Sharon | Sharon is the name of a plain, on which Lydda was located. Alternate translation: “and in the surrounding area of Sharon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
1472 | ACT | 9 | 35 | pf23 | figs-explicit | εἶδαν αὐτὸν | 1 | saw him | The implication is that the people knew Aeneas was bedridden and now they saw that he was healed. Alternate translation: “saw that Aeneas was healed” or “saw Aeneas up and walking around” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1473 | ACT | 9 | 35 | x9yw | figs-metaphor | οἵτινες ἐπέστρεψαν ἐπὶ τὸν Κύριον | 1 | and they turned to the Lord | Here, turned to the Lord figuratively means that the people believed in Jesus and started to obey him. Alternate translation: “and they repented of their sins and started obeying Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1474 | ACT | 9 | 36 | zgq5 | writing-newevent | δέ | 1 | Now there was | Luke uses the word translated Now to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
1475 | ACT | 9 | 36 | gy8u | translate-names | Ἰόππῃ | 1 | General Information: | Joppa is the name of a city that was about 15 kilometers or about 10 miles from Lydda. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
1476 | ACT | 9 | 36 | gwr4 | translate-names | Ταβειθά, ἣ διερμηνευομένη λέγεται, Δορκάς | 1 | Tabitha, which is translated to say “Dorcas.” | Tabitha was this woman’s name in Aramaic, and Dorcas was her name Greek. (Both names mean “gazelle.” Note how, later in the story, Luke, writing in Greek, calls her Dorcas, while Peter, speaking in Aramaic, calls her Tabitha.) It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Her name in Aramaic was Tabitha, and her name in Greek was Dorcas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
1477 | ACT | 9 | 36 | z8la | figs-activepassive | λέγεται | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “means” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1478 | ACT | 9 | 36 | q2rn | figs-metaphor | πλήρης ἔργων ἀγαθῶν | 1 | full of good works | Alternate translatLuke speaks figuratively of Dorcas as if she were a container that was full of good works and almsgivings. Alternate translation: Alternate translation: “doing many good things and giving to others generously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])ion: “doing many good things” |
1479 | ACT | 9 | 37 | mg72 | figs-explicit | ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις | 1 | And it happened that in those days | The phrase in those days refers to the time when Peter was nearby in Lydda. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “while Peter was nearby” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1480 | ACT | 9 | 37 | y8sx | figs-explicit | λούσαντες…αὐτὴν ἔθηκαν | 1 | having washed her | This was washing to prepare for Dorcas’s body for burial. Customarily her family and friends would have done it. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. “Once her family and friends had washed her body to prepare it for burial, they laid it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1481 | ACT | 9 | 37 | znj4 | figs-explicit | ἔθηκαν ἐν ὑπερῴῳ | 1 | they laid her in an upper room | This was a temporary display of the body during the funeral process. Alternate translation: “they laid her body in an upper room so that people could come there and pay their respects” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1482 | ACT | 9 | 37 | lbrl | translate-unknown | ὑπερῴῳ | 1 | In this culture, in some houses, rooms were built above other rooms. If your community does not have houses like that, you can use another expression to describe a large sheltered space that people could use for funeral visitation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
1483 | ACT | 9 | 38 | qlp8 | figs-quotations | ἀκούσαντες ὅτι Πέτρος ἐστὶν ἐν αὐτῇ, ἀπέστειλαν | 1 | It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “having heard, ‘Peter is in Lydda,’ sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
1484 | ACT | 9 | 38 | pukn | figs-youdual | παρακαλοῦντες | 1 | Since two men are speaking, if your language marks participles for number, urging would be dual if your language uses that form. Otherwise it would be plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
1485 | ACT | 9 | 39 | k1se | figs-idiom | ἀναστὰς…Πέτρος συνῆλθεν αὐτοῖς | 1 | to the upper room | Here the word arising means that Peter took action in order to be able to make the trip with these men, not that he got up from a sitting or lying position. Alternate translation: “Peter quickly prepared and went with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1486 | ACT | 9 | 39 | tdrr | figs-youdual | αὐτοῖς | 1 | This first instance of them in the verse would be dual if your language uses that form, since it applies to two men. The second instance of them would be plural, since it refers to the group of widows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
1487 | ACT | 9 | 39 | me79 | figs-hyperbole | πᾶσαι αἱ χῆραι | 1 | all the widows | Luke says all as a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “a large crowd of widows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
1488 | ACT | 9 | 39 | piu7 | figs-explicit | χιτῶνας καὶ ἱμάτια, ὅσα ἐποίει μετ’ αὐτῶν οὖσα ἡ Δορκάς | 1 | widows | It may be helpful to say explicitly that Dorcas made these coats and garments to help these widows because they were poor and could not afford clothes. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “coats and garments. When she was alive, Dorcas used to make many of these to help the widows because they were poor and could not afford clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1489 | ACT | 9 | 39 | y6q5 | figs-euphemism | μετ’ αὐτῶν οὖσα | 1 | while being with them | This may be a delicate way of speaking about Dorcas’s death, rather than saying “before she died.” Alternate translation, as in UST: “while she was still alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
1490 | ACT | 9 | 40 | yp2u | translate-symaction | θεὶς τὰ γόνατα | 1 | put out all of them | Kneeling down was a reverent posture of prayer. Alternate translation: “having knelt down reverently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
1491 | ACT | 9 | 40 | wr7h | figs-imperative | Ταβειθά, ἀνάστηθι | 1 | This was not a command that Tabitha was capable of obeying. Instead, it was a command that directly caused her to be restored to life. Alternate translation: “I restore you to life, so you can get up now” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative) | |
1492 | ACT | 9 | 40 | k28m | translate-symaction | Ταβειθά, ἀνάστηθι | 1 | Getting up was a symbolic action by which Tabitha could demonstrate that Jesus had restored her to life. Alternate translation: “Get up to show everyone that Jesus has restored you to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/ translate-symaction]]) | |
1493 | ACT | 9 | 41 | r7n6 | figs-explicit | δοὺς…αὐτῇ χεῖρα, ἀνέστησεν αὐτήν | 1 | having given his hand to her, he raised her up | The implication is that Peter extended his hand to Tabitha to help her stand up. Alternate translation: “he let her hold onto his hand for support as he helped her stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1494 | ACT | 9 | 41 | b73s | figs-infostructure | τοὺς ἁγίους καὶ τὰς χήρας | 1 | the saints and the widows | These saints and widows were probably not two different groups. The widows were likely also believers, but Luke mentions them specifically because Tabitha was so important to them. To show this, it may be helpful to put the information about the widows before the information about the believers. Alternate translation: “the widows and the other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]]) |
1495 | ACT | 9 | 41 | ex8e | figs-metonymy | τοὺς ἁγίους | 1 | Luke is using the term saints figuratively by association to mean believers in Jesus. See how you translated the term in 9:33. Alternate translation: “the other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1496 | ACT | 9 | 42 | nda9 | figs-activepassive | γνωστὸν δὲ ἐγένετο καθ’ ὅλης τῆς Ἰόππης | 1 | And this became known throughout all Joppa | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People throughout all Joppa heard about this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1497 | ACT | 9 | 43 | k9ik | writing-newevent | ἐγένετο δὲ | 1 | Now it happened that | Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
1498 | ACT | 9 | 43 | qar2 | translate-unknown | βυρσεῖ | 1 | Simon, a tanner | A tanner is someone who makes leather from animal skins. If this is not an occupation that your readers would recognize or understand, you could use the name of a similar occupation in your culture that they would recognize. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
1499 | ACT | 10 | intro | ym7z | 0 | Acts 10 General NotesStructure and formatting
Special concepts in this chapterJews visiting with GentilesThe Jews believed that they would become unclean in God’s sight if they visited or ate food with a Gentile. This was because the Pharisees had made a law against this, wanting to keep Jews from eating foods that the law of Moses said were unclean. The law of Moses did say that some foods were unclean, but it did not say that Jewish people could not visit or eat with Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) Baptism and the Holy SpiritThose who were listening to Peter received the Holy Spirit even as he was speaking to them. This showed the Jewish believers that Gentiles could believe the word of God and receive the Holy Spirit just as the Jewish believers had. After that, the Gentiles were baptized. | |||
1500 | ACT | 10 | 1 | wtb9 | writing-participants | ἀνὴρ δέ τις | 1 | Now there was a certain man | Luke uses this phrase to introduce a new character into the story. If your language has its own way of doing that, you can use it here in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
1501 | ACT | 10 | 1 | h6zu | translate-names | Κορνήλιος | 1 | Cornelius is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1502 | ACT | 10 | 1 | x476 | translate-unknown | ἑκατοντάρχης | 1 | named Cornelius, a centurion from the regiment that was called ‘Italian.’ | A centurion was an officer in the Roman army who was in charge of a group of 100 soldiers. Such a group was called a “century.” Alternate translation: “an army officer in charge of 100 soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
1503 | ACT | 10 | 1 | abcd | Σπείρης τῆς καλουμένης Ἰταλικῆς | 1 | the regiment that was called ‘Italian.’ | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the regiment people called Italian” or “the regiment whose name was Italian” or “the Italian Regiment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1504 | ACT | 10 | 1 | h2a4 | translate-unknown | Σπείρης | 1 | A regiment was a military unit consisting of six centuries or 600 soldiers. You may have a term in your languge that you can use for a unit of about this size. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
1505 | ACT | 10 | 1 | e88y | translate-names | Ἰταλικῆς | 1 | Italian is the name of a military unit. The name indicates that although the soldiers in it were stationed in Syria, they came from Italy and thus were native Romans. This made them more reliable protection for the high-ranking Roman officials whose residence was in Caesarea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1506 | ACT | 10 | 2 | s6rh | figs-doublet | εὐσεβὴς καὶ φοβούμενος τὸν Θεὸν | 1 | devout and fearing God | The word devout and the phrase fearing God mean similar things. (In this context, the word fearing has the sense of deep respect and awe.) Luke may be using them together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “sincerely devoted to God” or see next nore for another possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
1507 | ACT | 10 | 2 | rz4h | figs-explicit | εὐσεβὴς καὶ φοβούμενος τὸν Θεὸν | 1 | Jews in the time of the New Testament used the expression fearing God to describe Gentiles (non-Jews) who worshiped the God of Israel, attended the synagogue, prayed at regular times, and supported the needs of the Jewish community. Luke may be using the expression in this way and assuming that his readers will recognize it. Alternate translation: “a Gentile who sincerely worshiped the God of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1508 | ACT | 10 | 2 | abce | figs-explicit | τῷ λαῷ | 1 | to the people | Luke assumes that his readers will know that the people refers to Jewish people who were in need. Alternate translation: “to Jewish people in need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1509 | ACT | 10 | 2 | imrx | figs-ellipsis | διὰ παντός | 1 | The phrase through all is an ellipsis for “through all times.” See how you translated it in 2:25. Alternate translation: “always” or “at all times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
1510 | ACT | 10 | 2 | w2kx | figs-hyperbole | δεόμενος τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ παντός | 1 | praying to God through all | The phrase through all, meaning “at all times,” is a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “often” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
1511 | ACT | 10 | 3 | up3j | figs-explicit | ὥραν ἐνάτην | 1 | the ninth hour | This was the normal afternoon prayer time for Jews. Cornelius, as a Gentile who worshiped the God of Israel, would have praying at this time. Alternate translation: “during his afternoon prayer time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1512 | ACT | 10 | 3 | ttsl | figs-idiom | ὥραν ἐνάτην | 1 | In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1513 | ACT | 10 | 3 | z5ty | translate-ordinal | ὥραν ἐνάτην | 1 | If you decide to translate this in the way that the biblical culture reckoned time, but your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here. Alternate translation: “around hour nine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) | |
1514 | ACT | 10 | 4 | abcf | writing-pronouns | ὁ δὲ, ἀτενίσας αὐτῷ | 1 | But he stared at him | The pronoun he stands for Cornelius, and the pronoun him stands for the angel. Alternate translation: “But Cornelius, staring at the angel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
1515 | ACT | 10 | 4 | bd2h | τί ἐστιν, κύριε | 1 | Cornelius uses the respectful title lord because he recognizes that he is speaking to a messenger from God. See how you translated the similar term in 9:5. | ||
1516 | ACT | 10 | 4 | abcg | writing-pronouns | εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ | 1 | And he said to him | The pronoun he stands for the angel, and the pronoun him stands for Cornelius. Alternate translation: “And the angel said to Cornelius” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
1517 | ACT | 10 | 4 | p5ml | figs-metaphor | αἱ προσευχαί σου, καὶ αἱ ἐλεημοσύναι σου, ἀνέβησαν εἰς μνημόσυνον ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | Your prayers and your alms have gone up for a memorial offering before God | A memorial offering was the portion of an offering brought to the priests for their support that was burned on the altar as a pleasing aroma for God, to give God an occasion to remember the worshiper. The angel is using this offering figuratively to tell Cornelius that God is aware of his devotion and generosity and that God is pleased with those things. You could translate this metaphor as a simile, or you could explain its meaning. Alternate translation: “Your prayers and your alms have gone up like a memorial offering before God” or “God is aware of your prayers and your alms, and he is pleased with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1518 | ACT | 10 | 4 | xpa1 | figs-idiom | ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | Here, before means “in the presence of.” Alternate translation: “into the presence of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1519 | ACT | 10 | 5 | h33i | figs-activepassive | ὃς ἐπικαλεῖται Πέτρος | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom people call Peter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1520 | ACT | 10 | 6 | hou9 | figs-activepassive | ξενίζεται παρά | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is the guest of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1521 | ACT | 10 | 6 | bw0q | translate-unknown | βυρσεῖ | 1 | See how you translated the term tanner in 9:43. | |
1522 | ACT | 10 | 7 | g6lq | ὡς δὲ ἀπῆλθεν ὁ ἄγγελος ὁ λαλῶν αὐτῷ | 1 | And when the angel who spoke to him had left | Alternate translation: “And when Cornelius’ vision of the angel had ended” | |
1523 | ACT | 10 | 7 | yg7g | εὐσεβῆ | 1 | devout | The adjective devout describes a person who worships God and serves him. Alternate translation: “sincerely religious” | |
1524 | ACT | 10 | 8 | pcg2 | figs-hyperbole | ἅπαντα | 1 | having told them everything | By everything, Luke means the details of the vision that Cornelius had. Alternate translation: “how an angel had spoken to him in a vision and what the angel had said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
1525 | ACT | 10 | 9 | ey9n | writing-pronouns | ὁδοιπορούντων ἐκείνων | 1 | The demonstrative pronoun those refers to Cornelius’ two servants and the soldier under Cornelius’ command. Alternate translation: “as the men whom Cornelius had sent were traveling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1526 | ACT | 10 | 9 | tu7n | translate-unknown | περὶ ὥραν ἕκτην | 1 | at about the sixth hour | In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. Alternate translation: “at around noon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
1527 | ACT | 10 | 9 | r6l8 | translate-ordinal | περὶ ὥραν ἕκτην | 1 | went up to the housetop | If you decide to translate this in the way that the biblical culture reckoned time, but your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here. Alternate translation: “at around hour six” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) |
1528 | ACT | 10 | 10 | im7x | figs-personification | ἐγένετο ἐπ’ αὐτὸν ἔκστασις | 1 | a vision came upon him | Luke speaks figuratively of this vision as if it were a living thing that could come onto someone. Alternate translation: “he had a vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
1529 | ACT | 10 | 11 | n4hi | θεωρεῖ τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνεῳγμένον | 1 | he sees the sky having been opened | To call attention to a development in the story, here Luke uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. It may be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “And he saw” or “And Peter saw” | |
1530 | ACT | 10 | 11 | u9u4 | figs-activepassive | τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνεῳγμένον | 1 | like a large sheet … by four corners | If your language does not use the passive form opened, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the sky break open” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1531 | ACT | 10 | 11 | jh1m | figs-activepassive | καθιέμενον | 1 | being let down by four corners | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “It appeared as if someone was letting it down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1532 | ACT | 10 | 12 | fdt3 | figs-hyperbole | πάντα τὰ | 1 | The word all is likely a generalization for emphasis, although since this was a vision, it is possible that the container Peter saw did contain every kind of these creatures. Alternate translation: “various” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
1533 | ACT | 10 | 12 | ua3j | figs-explicit | καὶ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ | 1 | all the four-footed animals and creeping things on the earth, and birds of the sky | From Peter’s response in the next verse, the implication is that the law of Moses commanded the Jews not to eat some of the creatures in the container. Alternate translation: “and birds of the sky, including some that the law of Moses commanded Jews not to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1534 | ACT | 10 | 13 | a2z4 | figs-personification | ἐγένετο φωνὴ πρὸς αὐτόν | 1 | a voice came to him | Luke speaks figuratively of this voice as if it were a living thing that could come to someone. Alternate translation: “he heard a voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
1535 | ACT | 10 | 13 | zmeg | figs-idiom | ἀναστάς | 1 | Here the term arising means that the voice wanted Peter to take action, not that the voice wanted him to stand up from a seated position. Alternate translation: “Go ahead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1536 | ACT | 10 | 14 | z7r5 | figs-exclamations | μηδαμῶς | 1 | Not at all | Not at all is an exclamation that communicates a strong refusal to do or even to consider something. Use an exclamation that is natural in your language for communicating this. Alternate translation: “No, never” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) |
1537 | ACT | 10 | 14 | p0bf | figs-doublet | κοινὸν καὶ ἀκάθαρτον | 1 | The words defiled and unclean mean similar things. Luke may be using them together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “that our Jewish laws forbid us to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1538 | ACT | 10 | 14 | a2jj | figs-explicit | οὐδέποτε ἔφαγον πᾶν κοινὸν καὶ ἀκάθαρτον | 1 | I have never eaten anything defiled and unclean | The implication is that some the animals in the container were forbidden for Jews to eat. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “defiled and unclean, like some of those animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1539 | ACT | 10 | 15 | xs5s | figs-123person | ἃ ὁ Θεὸς ἐκαθάρισεν | 1 | What God has cleansed | If God is the speaker, he is referring to himself in the third person. If that would be confusing to your readers, you can use the first person in your translation. Alternate translation: “What I, God, have cleansed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
1540 | ACT | 10 | 15 | as42 | figs-personification | φωνὴ πάλιν…πρὸς αὐτόν | 1 | The implied verb here is came, and so Luke is speaking once again of this voice figuratively as if it were a living thing that could come to someone. Alternate translation: “he heard the voice speaking to him again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
1541 | ACT | 10 | 16 | rlr9 | figs-explicit | τοῦτο…ἐγένετο ἐπὶ τρίς | 1 | this happened three times | This could mean: (1) that the voice told Peter three times to kill and eat, Peter refused three times, and each time the voice told him not to call unclean what God had cleansed. Alternate translation: “Peter had this exchange with the voice three times” (2) that after Peter first refused, the voice said to him three times, “What God has cleansed, you must not make common.” Alternate translation: “the voice said this three times” You may find it simplest to say “this happened three times,” as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1542 | ACT | 10 | 16 | ej9h | figs-activepassive | ἀνελήμφθη τὸ σκεῦος | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it appeared as if someone was pulling the container back up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1543 | ACT | 10 | 17 | d4zi | ἐν ἑαυτῷ διηπόρει ὁ Πέτρος, τί ἂν εἴη τὸ ὅραμα ὃ εἶδεν | 1 | Peter was very confused … about | Alternate translation: “Peter was wondering how God could have given him a vision like that” | |
1544 | ACT | 10 | 17 | n6da | figs-metaphor | ἰδοὺ, οἱ ἄνδρες | 1 | behold | Luke is using the term behold to focus readers’ attention on how suddenly these men appeared. You language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “just then the men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1545 | ACT | 10 | 17 | cg9a | figs-activepassive | οἱ ἀπεσταλμένοι ὑπὸ τοῦ Κορνηλίου | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom Cornelius had sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1546 | ACT | 10 | 17 | e62m | figs-explicit | ἐπέστησαν ἐπὶ τὸν πυλῶνα | 1 | stood before the gate | The implication is that the house of Simon the tanner had a wall around it and that there was a gate in the wall that people could use to enter the property. Alternate translation: “stood before the gate to the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1547 | ACT | 10 | 18 | qe9d | figs-activepassive | ὁ ἐπικαλούμενος Πέτρος | 1 | they called out | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom people called Peter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1548 | ACT | 10 | 18 | r91o | figs-activepassive | ξενίζεται | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “was a guest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1549 | ACT | 10 | 19 | iqx5 | figs-metaphor | ἰδοὺ, ἄνδρες τρεῖς | 1 | Behold | The Spirit is using the term behold to focus Peter’s attention on what he is about to say. You language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Pay attention, this is important: Three men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1550 | ACT | 10 | 19 | va39 | translate-textvariants | ἄνδρες τρεῖς | 1 | three men are looking for you | Cornelius sent two of his servants and one soldier. As the General Introduction to Acts explains, some ancient texts say “two men” or “some men.” If a translation of the Bible already exists in your area, you could consider using the reading in that translation. If there is not already a Bible translation in your area, we recommend that you follow the readings of ULT and UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) |
1551 | ACT | 10 | 20 | ndju | figs-idiom | ἀναστὰς | 1 | Here the term arising means that the voice wanted Peter to take action, not that the voice wanted him to stand up from a seated position. Alternate translation: “Go ahead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1552 | ACT | 10 | 20 | ym1x | figs-explicit | κατάβηθι | 1 | go down | The implication is that Peter is to go down from the roof of the house and greet the men. Alternate translation: “go down from the roof of the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1553 | ACT | 10 | 20 | wx4n | figs-explicit | πορεύου σὺν αὐτοῖς | 1 | go with them. Do not hesitate | It would be natural for Peter not to want to go with the men, because they were Gentiles. Alternate translation: “go with them, even though they are Gentiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1554 | ACT | 10 | 22 | rva1 | figs-quotesinquotes | οἱ…εἶπαν, Κορνήλιος, ἑκατοντάρχης ἀνὴρ δίκαιος, καὶ φοβούμενος τὸν Θεὸν, μαρτυρούμενός τε ὑπὸ ὅλου τοῦ ἔθνους τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ἐχρηματίσθη ὑπὸ ἀγγέλου ἁγίου, μεταπέμψασθαί σε εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀκοῦσαι ῥήματα παρὰ σοῦ. | 1 | If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “they told Peter that Cornelius, a centurion, a man righteous and fearing God and attested by the whole nation of the Jews, was directed by a holy angel to summon him to his house and to hear words from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
1555 | ACT | 10 | 22 | i4zh | writing-pronouns | οἱ…εἶπαν | 1 | The pronoun they refers to the two servants and the soldier whom Cornelius sent. Alternate translation: “The messengers from Cornelius replied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1556 | ACT | 10 | 22 | ue5z | figs-synecdoche | οἱ…εἶπαν | 1 | One of the messengers probably spoke these words on behalf of all three of them. Alternate translation: “one of them said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1557 | ACT | 10 | 22 | wvl1 | figs-doublet | φοβούμενος τὸν Θεὸν | 1 | fearing God | The word righteous and the phrase fearing God mean similar things. (In this context, the word fearing has the sense of deep respect and awe.) Luke may be using them together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “a man sincerely devoted to God” or see next note for another possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
1558 | ACT | 10 | 22 | hrta | figs-explicit | ἀνὴρ δίκαιος, καὶ φοβούμενος τὸν Θεὸν | 1 | Jews in the time of the New Testament used the expression fearing God to describe Gentiles (non-Jews) who worshiped the God of Israel. Luke may be using the expression in this way. See how you translated it in 10:2. Alternate translation: “a Gentile who sincerely worships the God of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1559 | ACT | 10 | 22 | hihl | figs-activepassive | μαρτυρούμενός τε ὑπὸ ὅλου τοῦ ἔθνους τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ἐχρηματίσθη ὑπὸ ἀγγέλου ἁγίου | 1 | If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “about whom the whole nation of the Jews testifies, received instructions from a holy angel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1560 | ACT | 10 | 22 | gv91 | figs-hyperbole | ὅλου τοῦ ἔθνους τῶν Ἰουδαίων | 1 | the whole nation of the Jews | Luke says whole as a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the Jewish people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
1561 | ACT | 10 | 22 | e15o | figs-metonymy | ῥήματα | 1 | The messengers are using the term words figuratively to mean what Peter would say to Cornelius by using words. Alternate translation: “a message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1562 | ACT | 10 | 23 | shs5 | figs-explicit | εἰσκαλεσάμενος οὖν αὐτοὺς ἐξένισεν | 1 | he hosted them | The implication is that the journey to Caesarea was too long for them to begin that afternoon. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “But since the journey to Caesarea was too long for them to make that day, Peter invited the men into Simon’s house and hosted them there overnight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1563 | ACT | 10 | 23 | ycoi | figs-idiom | ἀναστὰς | 1 | Here the word arising means that Peter took action to prepare, not that he stood up from a seated or lying position. Alternate translation: “after packing for a journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1564 | ACT | 10 | 23 | t7cz | figs-metaphor | τινες τῶν ἀδελφῶν | 1 | some of the brothers who were from Joppa | Luke is using the term brothers figuratively to mean people who share the same faith. Alternate translation: “some fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1565 | ACT | 10 | 24 | c3s6 | τῇ…ἐπαύριον | 1 | the following day | The next day means the day after they left Joppa. The journey to Caesarea took longer than one day. Alternate translation: “on the following day” | |
1566 | ACT | 10 | 25 | wxt8 | ὡς…ἐγένετο τοῦ εἰσελθεῖν τὸν Πέτρον | 1 | as Peter entered | ὡς…ἐγένετο τοῦ εἰσελθεῖν τὸν Πέτρον | |
1567 | ACT | 10 | 25 | b4pn | translate-symaction | πεσὼν ἐπὶ τοὺς πόδας | 1 | and falling down at his feet | He knelt down at Peter’s feet as a gesture to honor him. Alternate translation: “kneeling down and putting his face close to Peter’s feet to honor him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
1568 | ACT | 10 | 26 | s7n5 | figs-declarative | ἀνάστηθι, καὶ ἐγὼ αὐτὸς ἄνθρωπός εἰμι | 1 | Get up! I too am a man myself | Peter is using the statement form to give a mild rebuke or correction to Cornelius. It may be clearer for your readers if you translate this as an imperative. Alternate translation: “Stop doing that! I am only a man, as you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]]) |
1569 | ACT | 10 | 27 | f9x6 | writing-pronouns | συνομιλῶν αὐτῷ, εἰσῆλθεν | 1 | The pronoun him refers to Cornelius, and the pronoun he refers to Peter. Alternate translation: “talking with Cornelius, Peter went in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1570 | ACT | 10 | 27 | kdva | writing-pronouns | εὑρίσκει | 1 | To call attention to a development in the story, here Luke uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “found” | |
1571 | ACT | 10 | 27 | twp9 | figs-activepassive | συνεληλυθότας πολλούς | 1 | many people gathered together | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “many people whom Cornelius had gathered together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1572 | ACT | 10 | 28 | iyx6 | figs-explicit | ὡς ἀθέμιτόν ἐστιν ἀνδρὶ Ἰουδαίῳ | 1 | how unlawful it is for a Jewish man | This phrase refers to the requirements of the Jewish religious law. Alternate translation: “that the Jewish law forbids a Jewish man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1573 | ACT | 10 | 28 | k3we | figs-explicit | ἀλλοφύλῳ | 1 | a foreigner | Here, the term foreigner refers to people who are not Jews. It is not a reference to where they live. Alternate translation: “a Gentile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1574 | ACT | 10 | 28 | ztt0 | figs-gendernotations | ἄνθρωπον | 1 | Although the term man is masculine, Peter is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) | |
1575 | ACT | 10 | 28 | tl2h | figs-doublet | κοινὸν ἢ ἀκάθαρτον | 1 | The words common and unclean mean similar things. Peter may be using them together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “unacceptable to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1576 | ACT | 10 | 29 | x0p4 | figs-activepassive | μεταπεμφθείς | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when you summoned me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1577 | ACT | 10 | 29 | x0v3 | figs-you | μετεπέμψασθέ | 1 | The word you is plural. Peter is speaking to everyone who has gathered in the home of Cornelius. Use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
1578 | ACT | 10 | 30 | mqv8 | translate-textvariants | ἀπὸ τετάρτης ἡμέρας μέχρι ταύτης τῆς ὥρας, ἤμην τὴν ἐνάτην προσευχόμενος ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ μου | 1 | praying | Some ancient texts say, “From the fourth day until this hour, I was fasting, and at the ninth hour I was praying in my house.” If a translation of the Bible already exists in your area, you could consider using the reading in that translation. If there is not already a Bible translation in your area, we recommend that you follow the reading of ULT. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) |
1579 | ACT | 10 | 30 | na4u | figs-idiom | ἀπὸ τετάρτης ἡμέρας | 1 | Four days ago | In the idiom of this culture, today was the “first day,” yesterday was the “second day,” the day before yesterday was the “third day,” and the day before that was the “fourth day” or Four days ago. You may wish to express this in your translation in the way your own culture reckons time. Alternate translation, as in UST: “Three days ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1580 | ACT | 10 | 30 | pkhh | figs-idiom | ταύτης τῆς ὥρας | 1 | Cornelius is using the term hour figuratively to mean a particular time. Alternate translation: “this time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1581 | ACT | 10 | 30 | x4m7 | figs-nominaladj | τὴν ἐνάτην | 1 | Cornelius is using the adjective ninth as a noun. ULT adds hour to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. See how you translated this expression in 10:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1582 | ACT | 10 | 30 | u1es | figs-idiom | τὴν ἐνάτην | 1 | In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. See how you translated this expression in 10:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1583 | ACT | 10 | 30 | p73u | translate-ordinal | τὴν ἐνάτην | 1 | If you decide to translate this in the way that the biblical culture reckoned time, but your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here. Alternate translation: “hour nine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) | |
1584 | ACT | 10 | 30 | yy6e | figs-explicit | τὴν ἐνάτην | 1 | at the ninth hour | This was the normal afternoon prayer time for Jews. Cornelius, as a Gentile who worshiped the God of Israel, would have praying at this time. Alternate translation: “during my usual afternoon prayer time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1585 | ACT | 10 | 30 | oicx | figs-metaphor | ἰδοὺ, ἀνὴρ | 1 | Cornelius is using the term behold to focus Peter’s attention on how suddenly this man appeared. You language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “just then a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1586 | ACT | 10 | 30 | g485 | figs-explicit | ἀνὴρ | 1 | Luke says in 10:3 that Cornelius saw an angel. Cornelius calls him a man here because the angel appeared to him in human form. You could say that explicitly in your translation if your readers might be confused otherwise. Alternate translation: “an angel in human form” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1587 | ACT | 10 | 31 | twnu | figs-quotesinquotes | φησί, Κορνήλιε, εἰσηκούσθη σου ἡ προσευχὴ καὶ αἱ ἐλεημοσύναι σου ἐμνήσθησαν ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he told me that my prayer had been heard and that my alms had been remembered before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])Q | |
1588 | ACT | 10 | 31 | uep3 | φησί | 1 | To call attention to a development in the story, here Cornelius uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said” | ||
1589 | ACT | 10 | 31 | heh3 | figs-activepassive | εἰσηκούσθη σου ἡ προσευχὴ καὶ αἱ ἐλεημοσύναι σου ἐμνήσθησαν ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | your prayer has been heard | If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has heard your prayer and has remembered your alms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1590 | ACT | 10 | 31 | s6nz | figs-idiom | ἐμνήσθησαν ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | have been remembered before God | The word remembered does not imply that God had forgotten about these alms. Rather, it means that God is aware of Cornelius’s devotion and generosity and is pleased with them. See how you translated the similar expression in 10:4. Alternate translation: “God is aware of your alms and is pleased with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1591 | ACT | 10 | 31 | xd0x | figs-idiom | ἐνώπιον | 1 | Here the word before is being used idiomatically. Alternate translation: “in the presence of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1592 | ACT | 10 | 32 | jjnn | figs-quotesinquotes | πέμψον οὖν εἰς Ἰόππην καὶ μετακάλεσαι Σίμωνα, ὃς ἐπικαλεῖται Πέτρος; οὗτος ξενίζεται ἐν οἰκίᾳ Σίμωνος, βυρσέως παρὰ θάλασσαν | 1 | If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “He said I should therefore send to Joppa and summon Simon who is called Peter, who was being hosted in the house of Simon, a tanner, by the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
1593 | ACT | 10 | 32 | ci31 | figs-activepassive | ὃς ἐπικαλεῖται Πέτρος | 1 | summon Simon who is called Peter | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom people call Peter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1594 | ACT | 10 | 32 | u1t6 | figs-activepassive | οὗτος ξενίζεται | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He is a guest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1595 | ACT | 10 | 32 | jhzt | translate-textvariants | μετακάλεσαι Σίμωνα…παρὰ θάλασσαν | 1 | Some ancient manuscripts add at the end of this verse, “When he comes, he will speak to you.” If a translation of the Bible already exists in your area, you could consider using the reading in that translation. If there is not already a Bible translation in your area, we recommend that you follow the reading of ULT. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) | |
1596 | ACT | 10 | 33 | p5ee | figs-yousingular | σέ…σύ…σοι | 1 | immediately | The word you is singular in each of these instances. Even though Peter came with other believers, Cornelius is addressing Peter directly. So use the singular form of “you” in your translation if your language makes that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) |
1597 | ACT | 10 | 33 | ruf3 | writing-politeness | σύ τε καλῶς ἐποίησας παραγενόμενος | 1 | and you did well in coming | This expression is a polite way of thanking Peter for coming. Alternate translation: “and we are grateful to you for coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness]]) |
1598 | ACT | 10 | 33 | lzie | figs-exclusive | ἡμεῖς | 1 | Corneluis is using the word we to refer to himself and to his guests, but not to Peter and the believers who came with him, so use the exclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
1599 | ACT | 10 | 33 | ry21 | figs-idiom | ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | before God | Cornelius is using the word before idiomatically. Alternate translation: “in the presence of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1600 | ACT | 10 | 33 | xt4x | figs-activepassive | τὰ προστεταγμένα σοι ὑπὸ τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | that you have been instructed by the Lord | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the things that the Lord has told you to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1601 | ACT | 10 | 33 | jc88 | translate-textvariants | τὰ προστεταγμένα σοι ὑπὸ τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | Instead of instructed by the Lord, some ancient manuscripts read “instructed by God to say.” If a translation of the Bible already exists in your area, you could consider using the reading in that translation. If there is not already a Bible translation in your area, we recommend that you follow the reading of ULT. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) | |
1602 | ACT | 10 | 34 | cyn8 | figs-explicitinfo | ἀνοίξας…Πέτρος τὸ στόμα εἶπεν | 1 | And Peter opened his mouth and said | It might seem that the expression opening his mouth … said contains redundant information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can abbreviate it. Alternate translation: “Peter replied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) |
1603 | ACT | 10 | 34 | iii7 | προσωπολήμπτης | 1 | God is not one who shows partiality | Alternate translation: “one who shows favoritism” | |
1604 | ACT | 10 | 34 | ha31 | figs-explicit | οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολήμπτης ὁ Θεός | 1 | In truth | As the next verse shows, Peter means implicitly that God does not favor Jewish people above people of other nations. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “God does not favor Jewish people above people of other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1605 | ACT | 10 | 35 | b5cr | ὁ φοβούμενος αὐτὸν καὶ ἐργαζόμενος δικαιοσύνην | 1 | fears | Here, fearing has the sense of deep respect and awe. Alternate translation: “anyone who sincerely worships him and works righteousness” | |
1606 | ACT | 10 | 35 | j78e | figs-abstractnouns | ὁ φοβούμενος αὐτὸν καὶ ἐργαζόμενος δικαιοσύνην | 1 | the one who fears him and works righteous deeds is acceptable to him | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of righteousness, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “anyone who worships him and does righteous deeds” or “anyone who worships him and does what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
1607 | ACT | 10 | 36 | aac8 | figs-explicit | τὸν λόγον | 1 | Here Peter is implicitly saying to Cornelius and his guests that they know about this word; he says that explicitly in the next verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say “You know the word” in this verse as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1608 | ACT | 10 | 36 | ht1z | figs-metonymy | τὸν λόγον | 1 | Peter is using the term word figuratively to mean what God said to the Israelites by using words. Alternate translation: “The message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1609 | ACT | 10 | 36 | anlh | figs-metaphor | τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραὴλ | 1 | Peter is using the word sons figuratively to mean “descendants.” He is speaking of the Israelites, who were descendants of the patriarch Jacob, also known as Israel. Alternate translation: “to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1610 | ACT | 10 | 36 | ok9b | figs-abstractnouns | εὐαγγελιζόμενος εἰρήνην διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of peace, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “proclaiming that Jesus Christ reconciles us to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1611 | ACT | 10 | 36 | md1l | πάντων | 1 | he is Lord of all | The word all could mean: (1) all people groups, both Jewish and non-Jewish. Alternate translation: “of all people, whether or not they are Jews” (2) all created things. Alternate translation: “of everything in God’s creation” | |
1612 | ACT | 10 | 37 | wecw | figs-metonymy | ὑμεῖς οἴδατε τὸ…ῥῆμα | 1 | Peter is using the term word figuratively to mean the things that happened through the life and ministry of Jesus. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “You know the things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1613 | ACT | 10 | 37 | ch65 | figs-hyperbole | καθ’ ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας | 1 | throughout all Judea | Peter says all as a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “in many places in Judea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
1614 | ACT | 10 | 37 | sq2i | μετὰ τὸ βάπτισμα ὃ ἐκήρυξεν Ἰωάννης | 1 | after the baptism that John proclaimed | Alternate translation: “after John preached to the people that they should repent and he then baptized them” | |
1615 | ACT | 10 | 38 | seli | figs-infostructure | Ἰησοῦν τὸν ἀπὸ Ναζαρέθ, ὡς ἔχρισεν αὐτὸν ὁ Θεὸς | 1 | It may be helpful to put the information about God anointing before the information that it was Jesus whom God anointed. Alternate translation: “how God anointed Jesus, the one from Nazareth,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]]) | |
1616 | ACT | 10 | 38 | p2qi | figs-explicit | Ἰησοῦν τὸν ἀπὸ Ναζαρέθ, ὡς ἔχρισεν αὐτὸν ὁ Θεὸς | 1 | Peter is once again saying implicitly that Cornelius and his guests know about the things he is describing. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “You know how God anointed Jesus, the one from Nazareth,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1617 | ACT | 10 | 38 | ku82 | figs-metaphor | ἔχρισεν αὐτὸν ὁ Θεὸς Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ καὶ δυνάμει | 1 | God anointed him with the Holy Spirit and with power | Peter speaks figuratively of the Holy Spirit and of God’s power as if they could be poured over someone like oil. Alternate translation: “God enabled him to do powerful works through the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1618 | ACT | 10 | 38 | vuwo | figs-abstractnouns | εὐεργετῶν | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of good, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “doing good things” or “helping people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1619 | ACT | 10 | 38 | y5ya | figs-hyperbole | πάντας τοὺς καταδυναστευομένους ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου | 1 | all who were oppressed by the devil | Peter says all as a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “those who were oppressed by the devil” or “many people who were oppressed by the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
1620 | ACT | 10 | 38 | tj3u | figs-idiom | ὁ Θεὸς ἦν μετ’ αὐτοῦ | 1 | God was with him | The expression was with him is an idiom. See how you translated it in 7:9. Alternate translation: “God was helping him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1621 | ACT | 10 | 39 | kal7 | figs-exclusive | ἡμεῖς μάρτυρες | 1 | Here, we refers to Peter and the apostles and believers who were with Jesus when he was on earth, not to Cornelius and his guests. So use the exclusive form of “we” if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
1622 | ACT | 10 | 39 | sx3a | writing-pronouns | ὃν καὶ ἀνεῖλαν | 1 | in the country of the Jews | The pronoun whom refers to Jesus, and the pronoun they refers to the enemies of Jesus, the Jewish leaders who consipired against him and the Romans who ordered and carried out his execution. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Also, the enemies of Jesus killed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
1623 | ACT | 10 | 39 | z4dt | figs-metonymy | κρεμάσαντες ἐπὶ ξύλου | 1 | by hanging him on a tree | This expression refers to crucifixion. Peter says tree figuratively to mean a wooden cross. Alternate translation: “crucifying him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1624 | ACT | 10 | 40 | zxuk | writing-pronouns | τοῦτον | 1 | The demonstrative pronoun this refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) | |
1625 | ACT | 10 | 40 | cxj5 | figs-idiom | τοῦτον ὁ Θεὸς ἤγειρεν | 1 | but God raised up this one | Here, raised … up is an idiom that refers to causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “God caused Jesus to become alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1626 | ACT | 10 | 40 | w8kv | figs-idiom | τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ | 1 | on the third day | In the idiom of this culture, today was the “first day,” tomorrow was the “second day,” and the day after tomorrow was the “third day.” You may wish to express this in your translation in the way your own culture reckons time. Alternate translation: “two days after he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1627 | ACT | 10 | 40 | iz8l | figs-activepassive | ἔδωκεν αὐτὸν ἐμφανῆ γενέσθαι | 1 | caused him to be seen | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “permitted many people to see him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1628 | ACT | 10 | 41 | nm81 | figs-activepassive | οὐ παντὶ τῷ λαῷ, ἀλλὰ μάρτυσι τοῖς προκεχειροτονημένοις ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἡμῖν, οἵτινες συνεφάγομεν καὶ συνεπίομεν αὐτῷ μετὰ τὸ ἀναστῆναι αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν | 1 | If you used an active form instead of “caused him to be seen” in the previous verse, you can adjust the language here to fit. It may be helpful to make this two new sentences. Alternate translation: “All the people did not see him, but witnesses chosen beforehand by God saw him. We who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead saw him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1629 | ACT | 10 | 41 | jq89 | figs-explicit | παντὶ τῷ λαῷ | 1 | By the people, Peter means the Jewish people. Alternate translation: “by all the Jewish people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1630 | ACT | 10 | 41 | zpyj | figs-activepassive | τοῖς προκεχειροτονημένοις ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom God chose beforehand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1631 | ACT | 10 | 41 | xlbl | figs-synecdoche | οἵτινες συνεφάγομεν καὶ συνεπίομεν αὐτῷ | 1 | Peter is figuratively using one activity that he and the other apostles did with Jesus after he rose from the dead, eating and drinking (that is, sharing meals), to mean spending time with him personally. Alternate translation: “who spend time with him personally” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1632 | ACT | 10 | 41 | q7d1 | figs-nominaladj | ἐκ νεκρῶν | 1 | from the dead | Peter is using the adjective dead as a noun. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “those who have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
1633 | ACT | 10 | 42 | ik96 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῖν | 1 | Here, us refers to Peter and the other apostles whom Jesus chose, not to Cornelius and his guests. So use the exclusive form of “us” if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
1634 | ACT | 10 | 42 | zne5 | figs-explicit | τῷ λαῷ | 1 | Connecting Statement: | By the people, Peter means the Jewish people. Alternate translation: “to the Jewish people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1635 | ACT | 10 | 42 | c1ak | figs-activepassive | ὁ ὡρισμένος ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | that he is the one who has been chosen by God | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one whom God has chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1636 | ACT | 10 | 42 | ws4t | figs-nominaladj | ζώντων καὶ νεκρῶν | 1 | of the living and the dead | Peter is using the adjective dead as a noun. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “of those who are alive and of those who have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
1637 | ACT | 10 | 43 | ub5d | writing-pronouns | τούτῳ | 1 | To this one, all the prophets bear witness that | The demonstrative pronoun this refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “To Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
1638 | ACT | 10 | 43 | y6d1 | figs-metonymy | διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ | 1 | through his name | Peter is speaking figuratively of the name of Jesus. It could mean: (1) his actions. Alternate translation: “through what Jesus has done for them” (2) his authority. Alternate translation: “by his authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1639 | ACT | 10 | 44 | cz7x | figs-metaphor | ἐπέπεσε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς ἀκούοντας τὸν λόγον | 1 | the Holy Spirit fell | Luke is speaking figuratively of the Holy Spirit as if it could fall on Cornelius and his guests. See how you translated the similar expression in 8:16. Alternate translation: “all the ones listening to his word received the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])Q |
1640 | ACT | 10 | 44 | wf7u | figs-hyperbole | πάντας τοὺς ἀκούοντας | 1 | all of those who were listening | While the believers who came with Peter from Joppa were also listening to his message, the word all refers to the Gentiles who were present. Alternate translation: “Cornelius and his guests, who were listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
1641 | ACT | 10 | 44 | o839 | figs-metonymy | τὸν λόγον | 1 | Luke is using the term word figuratively to mean what Peter was saying by using words. Alternate translation: “his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1642 | ACT | 10 | 45 | j6wt | figs-nominaladj | οἱ…πιστοὶ | 1 | the gift of the Holy Spirit | Luke is using the adjective faithful as a noun, to mean people who have faith in Jesus. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the faithful men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
1643 | ACT | 10 | 45 | qlpu | figs-metonymy | ἐκ περιτομῆς | 1 | Luke is using the term circumcision figuratively by association to identify these faithful people as Jewish. Alternate translation: “who were Jewish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1644 | ACT | 10 | 45 | g161 | figs-activepassive | ἡ δωρεὰ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἐκκέχυται | 1 | the gift of the Holy Spirit was poured out | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God was pouring out the gift of the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1645 | ACT | 10 | 45 | mqs8 | figs-metaphor | ἐκκέχυται | 1 | was poured out | Luke is speaking figuratively of the Holy Spirit as if he were a liquid that could be poured on people. This image implies a generous amount. Alternate translation: “was generously given” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1646 | ACT | 10 | 45 | hfs9 | figs-possession | ἡ δωρεὰ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος | 1 | Luke is using a possessive form to identify the Holy Spirit as a gift from God. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit as a gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
1647 | ACT | 10 | 45 | f33n | figs-explicit | καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ ἔθνη | 1 | also on the Gentiles | Here, also refers to the fact that the Holy Spirit had already been given to the Jewish believers. Alternate translation: “on the Gentiles, as it had been on Jewish believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1648 | ACT | 10 | 45 | rt18 | translate-names | τὰ ἔθνη | 1 | Gentiles is a name for people who are not Jewish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1649 | ACT | 10 | 46 | p6pa | figs-explicit | λαλούντων γλώσσαις | 1 | speaking with tongues and praising God | The implication is that at least some of these languages were ones that the Jews recognized and could understand, but which Cornelius and his guests had not learned. This caused the Jews to acknowledge that the Holy Spirit was giving them the ability to speak these languages. Alternate translation: “speaking in languages they had not learned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1650 | ACT | 10 | 47 | zktm | figs-doublenegatives | μήτι τὸ ὕδωρ δύναται κωλῦσαί τις τοῦ μὴ βαπτισθῆναι τούτους, οἵτινες τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον ἔλαβον, ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς | 1 | The first word of this sentence in Greek is a negative word that can be used to turn a negative statement into a question that expects a negative answer. ULT shows this by adding is he. Your language may have other ways of asking a question that expects a negative answer, for example, by changing the word order of a positive statement. Translate this in the way that would be clearest in your language. Alternate translation: “Is anyone able to withhold water so that these are not baptized who have received the Holy Spirit as we also did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
1651 | ACT | 10 | 47 | u5d5 | figs-rquestion | μήτι τὸ ὕδωρ δύναται κωλῦσαί τις τοῦ μὴ βαπτισθῆναι τούτους, οἵτινες τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον ἔλαβον, ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς? | 1 | No one is able to withhold water, is he, that these are not baptized, who have received the Holy Spirit as we also did? | Peter is using the question form to convince the Jewish Christians that the Gentile believers should be baptized. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “No one should withhold water so that these are not baptized who have received the Holy Spirit as we also did!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
1652 | ACT | 10 | 47 | vuax | figs-doublenegatives | μήτι τὸ ὕδωρ δύναται κωλῦσαί τις τοῦ μὴ βαπτισθῆναι τούτους, οἵτινες τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον ἔλαβον, ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς? | 1 | Even if the negative question is turned into a positive statement, a double negative still remains, the negative verb withhold and the negative particle not. This double negative can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “We should make water available so that these can be baptized who have received the Holy Spirit as we also did!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
1653 | ACT | 10 | 47 | df24 | figs-synecdoche | τὸ ὕδωρ | 1 | Peter is figuratively using water, one thing necessary for baptism, to signify all the means and permission necessary for baptism. Alternate translation: “the means and permission” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1654 | ACT | 10 | 47 | kwv5 | figs-activepassive | τοῦ μὴ βαπτισθῆναι τούτους | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that these do not receive baptism” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1655 | ACT | 10 | 48 | z4fh | figs-activepassive | προσέταξεν…αὐτοὺς…βαπτισθῆναι | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he commanded them to receive baptism” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1656 | ACT | 10 | 48 | ax6x | figs-idiom | ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ βαπτισθῆναι | 1 | be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ | Here, in the name is an idiomatic way of saying “on the basis of naming.” Peter commanded Cornelius and his guests to acknowledge Jesus as the Messiah as the basis of their baptism for the forgiveness of their sins, as described in 10:43. See how you translated the similar expression in 2:48. Alternate translation: “on the basis of naming Jesus as the Christ” or “upon acknowledging that Jesus is the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1657 | ACT | 11 | intro | hva5 | 0 | Acts 11 General NotesSpecial concepts in this chapter“The Gentiles also had received the word of God”Almost all of the first believers were Jewish. Luke writes in this chapter that many Gentiles started to believe in Jesus. They believed that the message about Jesus was true and so began to “receive the word of God.” Some of the believers in Jerusalem did not believe that Gentiles could truly follow Jesus, so Peter went to them and told them what had happened to him and how he had seen the Gentiles receive the Word of God and receive the Holy Spirit. | |||
1658 | ACT | 11 | 1 | uw5m | δὲ | 1 | Now signals the beginning of a new event in the story. | ||
1659 | ACT | 11 | 1 | ab75 | writing-newevent | δὲ | 1 | Now | This marks a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
1660 | ACT | 11 | 1 | f1md | οἱ…ἀδελφοὶ | 2 | the brothers | The phrase the brothers here refers to the believers in Judea. | |
1661 | ACT | 11 | 1 | q8wl | οἱ ὄντες κατὰ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν | 1 | who were throughout Judea | Alternate translation: “who were throughout the province of Judea” | |
1662 | ACT | 11 | 1 | w3rx | figs-metonymy | ἐδέξαντο τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | had received the word of God | This expression refers to the fact that the Gentiles believed the gospel message about Jesus. Alternate translation: “had believed the message of God about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1663 | ACT | 11 | 2 | j7f7 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Peter arrives in Jerusalem and begins talking to the Jews there. | ||
1664 | ACT | 11 | 2 | kb4m | ἀνέβη…εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ | 1 | came up to Jerusalem | Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of coming up to Jerusalem and going down from it. | |
1665 | ACT | 11 | 2 | yar6 | figs-metonymy | οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς | 1 | those from the circumcision | This is a reference to some of the Jews who believed that every believer must be circumcised. Alternate translation: “some Jewish believers in Jerusalem who wanted all followers of Christ to be circumcised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1666 | ACT | 11 | 3 | ah7v | figs-metonymy | ἄνδρας, ἀκροβυστίαν ἔχοντας | 1 | uncircumcised men | The phrase uncircumcised men refers to Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1667 | ACT | 11 | 3 | t9e1 | συνέφαγεν αὐτοῖς | 1 | ate with them | It was against Jewish tradition for Jews to eat with Gentiles. | |
1668 | ACT | 11 | 4 | lrh6 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Peter responds to the Jews by telling them about his vision and about what had happened at Cornelius’ house. | ||
1669 | ACT | 11 | 4 | bfp5 | ἀρξάμενος…Πέτρος ἐξετίθετο | 1 | Peter began to explain | Peter did not criticize the Jewish believers but reacted in a friendly explanatory manner. | |
1670 | ACT | 11 | 4 | nuy6 | καθεξῆς | 1 | in an orderly manner | Alternate translation: “exactly what happened” | |
1671 | ACT | 11 | 5 | j37p | ὡς ὀθόνην μεγάλην | 1 | like a large sheet | The container holding the animals had the appearance of a large square piece of cloth. See how you translated this in Acts 10:11. | |
1672 | ACT | 11 | 5 | axu6 | τέσσαρσιν ἀρχαῖς | 1 | by its four corners | See how you translated this in Acts 10:11. Alternate translation: “suspended by its four corners” | |
1673 | ACT | 11 | 6 | lbh4 | figs-explicit | τὰ τετράποδα τῆς γῆς, καὶ τὰ θηρία, καὶ τὰ ἑρπετὰ, καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ | 1 | the four-legged animals of the earth, and the wild beasts, and the creeping animals, and the birds of the sky | From Peter’s response, it can be implied that the law of Moses commanded the Jews not to eat some of them. See how you translated a similar phrase in Acts 10:12. Alternate translation: “many kinds of animals and reptiles and birds that the Mosaic laws forbade Jews to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1674 | ACT | 11 | 6 | ew64 | θηρία | 1 | wild beasts | Here, wild beasts probably refer to the animals people do not or can not tame or control. | |
1675 | ACT | 11 | 6 | t36i | ἑρπετὰ | 1 | creeping animals | These are reptiles. | |
1676 | ACT | 11 | 7 | i5ic | figs-synecdoche | ἤκουσα…καὶ φωνῆς | 1 | I heard … a voice | The person speaking is not specified. The voice was probably God, although it could possibly have been an angel from God. See how you translated a voice in Acts 10:13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
1677 | ACT | 11 | 8 | m4mu | μηδαμῶς | 1 | By no means | See how you translated this in Acts 10:14. Alternate translation: “I will not do that” | |
1678 | ACT | 11 | 8 | m5p5 | figs-explicit | κοινὸν ἢ ἀκάθαρτον οὐδέποτε εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ στόμα μου | 1 | the profane or unclean has never entered into my mouth | Apparently the animals in the sheet were animals which the Jewish law in the Old Testament forbade the Jews to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1679 | ACT | 11 | 8 | wwbw | figs-doublenegatives | κοινὸν ἢ ἀκάθαρτον οὐδέποτε εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ στόμα μου | 1 | If your readers would misunderstand the double-negative profane or unclean … never entered, you can express it in positive form. Alternate translation: “I have eaten only meat from holy and clean animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
1680 | ACT | 11 | 8 | kj91 | ἀκάθαρτον | 1 | unclean | In the Old Testament Jewish law, a person became ritually unclean in various ways, such as eating certain forbidden animals. | |
1681 | ACT | 11 | 9 | n2gn | figs-metonymy | ἃ ὁ Θεὸς ἐκαθάρισεν, σὺ μὴ κοίνου | 1 | What God has cleansed, do not call unclean | This refers to the animals in the sheet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1682 | ACT | 11 | 10 | xrq6 | τοῦτο…ἐγένετο ἐπὶ τρίς | 1 | this happened three times | It is possible that everything Peter saw happened did not happen three times, but that the phrase, “What God has cleansed, do not call it defiled,” was repeated three times. However, it may be best to simply say “this happened three times.” See how you translated This happened three times in Acts 10:16. | |
1683 | ACT | 11 | 11 | ias8 | figs-exclusive | 0 | General Information: | Here, we refers to Peter and the believers in Joppa. It does not include his current audience in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
1684 | ACT | 11 | 11 | b2qv | ἰδοὺ | 1 | behold | The word behold alerts us to the new people in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. | |
1685 | ACT | 11 | 11 | k44j | ἐξαυτῆς | 1 | right away | Alternate translation: “immediately” or “at that exact moment” | |
1686 | ACT | 11 | 11 | qwn5 | figs-activepassive | ἀπεσταλμένοι | 1 | having been sent | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “someone had sent them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1687 | ACT | 11 | 12 | lf6m | μηδὲν διακρίναντα | 1 | not making any distinction | Alternate translation: “not being concerned that they were Gentiles” | |
1688 | ACT | 11 | 12 | cf8x | ἦλθον…σὺν ἐμοὶ | 1 | went with me | Alternate translation: “went with me to Caesarea” | |
1689 | ACT | 11 | 12 | xrc6 | οἱ ἓξ ἀδελφοὶ οὗτοι | 1 | these six brothers | Alternate translation: “these six Jewish believers” | |
1690 | ACT | 11 | 12 | w6ia | εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ ἀνδρός | 1 | into the house of the man | This refers to the house of Cornelius. | |
1691 | ACT | 11 | 13 | few6 | Σίμωνα, τὸν ἐπικαλούμενον Πέτρον | 1 | Simon, who is called Peter | See how you translated the same phrase in Acts 10:32. Alternate translation: “Simon, who is also called Peter” | |
1692 | ACT | 11 | 14 | hpr2 | figs-metonymy | πᾶς ὁ οἶκός σου | 1 | all your household | This refers to all the people in the household. Alternate translation: “everyone who lives in your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1693 | ACT | 11 | 15 | qy12 | figs-exclusive | 0 | General Information: | Here the word us refers to Peter, the apostles, and any of the Jewish believers who had received the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
1694 | ACT | 11 | 15 | a8jw | ἐν…τῷ ἄρξασθαί με λαλεῖν, ἐπέπεσεν τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς | 1 | as I began to speak, the Holy Spirit came on them | This implies that Peter had not finished speaking but had intended to say more. | |
1695 | ACT | 11 | 15 | ak2p | figs-ellipsis | ἐπέπεσεν τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς, ὥσπερ καὶ ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς ἐν ἀρχῇ | 1 | the Holy Spirit came on them, just as also on us in the beginning | Peter leaves out some things to keep the story short. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit came on the Gentile believers, just as he also came on the Jewish believers at Pentecost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
1696 | ACT | 11 | 15 | th4m | ἐν ἀρχῇ | 1 | in the beginning | Peter is referring to the day of Pentecost. | |
1697 | ACT | 11 | 16 | v116 | figs-activepassive | ὑμεῖς…βαπτισθήσεσθε ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ | 1 | you will be baptized in the Holy Spirit | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will baptize you in the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1698 | ACT | 11 | 17 | pe42 | figs-exclusive | αὐτοῖς…ἡμῖν | 1 | The word them refers to Cornelius and his Gentile guests and household. Peter does not call them Gentiles in his account to the Jewish believers at Jerusalem. The word us includes all of the Jewish believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
1699 | ACT | 11 | 17 | u3nu | figs-rquestion | εἰ οὖν τὴν ἴσην δωρεὰν ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεὸς, ὡς καὶ ἡμῖν πιστεύσασιν ἐπὶ τὸν Κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν, ἐγὼ τίς ἤμην δυνατὸς κωλῦσαι τὸν Θεόν? | 1 | If, therefore, God gave to them the same gift as also to us when we believed on the Lord Jesus Christ, who was I, able to oppose God? | Peter uses this question to emphasize that he was only obeying God. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Since God gave to them the same gift as he also gave to us when we believed on the Lord Jesus Christ, I decided that I could not oppose God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
1700 | ACT | 11 | 17 | y7ag | τὴν ἴσην δωρεὰν | 1 | the same gift | Peter refers to the gift of the Holy Spirit. | |
1701 | ACT | 11 | 18 | xlpt | ἀκούσαντες…ἡσύχασαν | 1 | The word they refers to the Jewish believers to whom Peter spoke. | ||
1702 | ACT | 11 | 18 | nr7g | ἡσύχασαν | 1 | they became quiet | Alternate translation: “they did not argue with Peter” | |
1703 | ACT | 11 | 18 | z3fy | figs-abstractnouns | καὶ τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ὁ Θεὸς τὴν μετάνοιαν εἰς ζωὴν ἔδωκεν | 1 | God has given repentance unto life to the Gentiles also | Here, life refers to eternal life. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words repentance and life, you could express the same ideas with the verbs “repent” and “live.” Alternate translation: “God has allowed the Gentiles also to repent and live eternally” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
1704 | ACT | 11 | 19 | bwb8 | writing-newevent | οὖν | 1 | Then | This introduces the new part of the story. He tells about what happened to the believers who fled after the stoning of Stephen.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
1705 | ACT | 11 | 19 | m3i7 | οἱ…διασπαρέντες ἀπὸ τῆς θλίψεως τῆς γενομένης ἐπὶ Στεφάνῳ, διῆλθον | 1 | those who had been scattered from the persecution that happened over Stephen spread | The Jews began persecuting Jesus’ followers because Stephen had said and done things that the Jews did not like. Because of this persecution, many of Jesus’ followers left Jerusalem and went to many different places. | |
1706 | ACT | 11 | 19 | whm6 | figs-activepassive | οἱ…διασπαρέντες ἀπὸ τῆς θλίψεως τῆς γενομένης ἐπὶ Στεφάνῳ | 1 | those who had been scattered from the persecution that happened over Stephen | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the ones whom the Jews had been persecuting after they killed Stephen, who had left Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1707 | ACT | 11 | 19 | w5jn | διῆλθον | 1 | spread | Alternate translation: “went in many different directions” | |
1708 | ACT | 11 | 19 | c8ha | μόνον Ἰουδαίοις | 1 | only to Jews | The believers thought God’s message was for the Jewish people, and not for the Gentiles. | |
1709 | ACT | 11 | 20 | mww9 | figs-explicit | ἐλάλουν καὶ πρὸς τοὺς Ἑλληνιστάς | 1 | and spoke also to Greeks | These Greek-speaking people were Gentiles, not Jews. Alternate translation: “and also spoke to Gentiles who spoke Greek” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1710 | ACT | 11 | 21 | aj5g | figs-metonymy | ἦν χεὶρ Κυρίου μετ’ αὐτῶν | 1 | The hand of the Lord was with them | God’s hand signifies his powerful help. Alternate translation: “God was powerfully enabling those believers to preach effectively” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1711 | ACT | 11 | 21 | n9pq | figs-metaphor | ἐπέστρεψεν ἐπὶ τὸν Κύριον | 1 | turned to the Lord | Here, turned to the Lord is a metaphor for starting to obey the Lord. Alternate translation: “and they repented of their sins and began to obey the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1712 | ACT | 11 | 22 | i7vs | figs-metonymy | τὰ ὦτα τῆς ἐκκλησίας | 1 | the ears of the church | Here, ears refers to the believers’ hearing about the event. Alternate translation: “the believers in the church” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1713 | ACT | 11 | 23 | mrg9 | ὃς…ἰδὼν…ἐχάρη…παρεκάλει | 1 | All occurrences of the word he refer to Barnabas. The word them refers to the new believers (Acts 11:20). | ||
1714 | ACT | 11 | 23 | b7w7 | ἰδὼν τὴν χάριν τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | saw the grace that is of God | Alternate translation: “saw how God acted kindly toward the believers” | |
1715 | ACT | 11 | 23 | m1q9 | παρεκάλει πάντας | 1 | exhorted them all | Alternate translation: “kept on encouraging them” | |
1716 | ACT | 11 | 23 | qlu4 | προσμένειν τῷ Κυρίῳ | 1 | to remain with the Lord | Alternate translation: “to remain faithful to the Lord” or “to continue to trust in the Lord” | |
1717 | ACT | 11 | 23 | bz6w | figs-metonymy | τῇ προθέσει τῆς καρδίας | 1 | with purpose of heart | Here the heart refers to a person’s will and desire. Alternate translation: “with all their will” or “with complete commitment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1718 | ACT | 11 | 24 | he5z | πλήρης Πνεύματος Ἁγίου | 1 | full of the Holy Spirit | The Holy Spirit controlled Barnabas as he obeyed the Holy Spirit. | |
1719 | ACT | 11 | 24 | e57t | figs-metonymy | προσετέθη ὄχλος ἱκανὸς τῷ Κυρίῳ | 1 | a considerable crowd was added to the Lord | Here, added means they came to believe the same thing as the others. Alternate translation: “many more people also believed in the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1720 | ACT | 11 | 25 | yhl6 | ἐξῆλθεν | 1 | Here the word he refers to Barnabas. | ||
1721 | ACT | 11 | 25 | dm92 | ἐξῆλθεν…εἰς Ταρσὸν | 1 | he went out to Tarsus | Alternate translation: “he went out to the city of Tarsus” | |
1722 | ACT | 11 | 26 | hu2g | καὶ εὑρὼν | 1 | and when he found him | It probably took some time and effort for Barnabas to locate Saul. | |
1723 | ACT | 11 | 26 | wf5l | writing-newevent | ἐγένετο | 1 | It happened that | This begins a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
1724 | ACT | 11 | 26 | w4dz | αὐτοῖς…συναχθῆναι ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ | 1 | they were gathered together with the church | Alternate translation: “Barnabas and Saul were gathered together with the church” | |
1725 | ACT | 11 | 26 | x8gx | figs-activepassive | χρηματίσαι τε πρώτως ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ τοὺς μαθητὰς, Χριστιανούς | 1 | And the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch | This implies that other people called the believers by this name. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Antioch were the first to call the disciples Christians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1726 | ACT | 11 | 26 | r6sl | πρώτως ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ | 1 | first in Antioch | Alternate translation: “for the first time in Antioch” | |
1727 | ACT | 11 | 27 | h6zw | δὲ | 1 | Now | The word Now is used here to mark a break in the main story-line. | |
1728 | ACT | 11 | 27 | pz7y | writing-background | 0 | General Information: | Here Luke tells background information about a prophecy in Antioch. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) | |
1729 | ACT | 11 | 27 | d8bb | κατῆλθον ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων…εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν | 1 | came down from Jerusalem to Antioch | Jerusalem was higher in elevation than Antioch, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem or going down from it. | |
1730 | ACT | 11 | 28 | wyk8 | ὀνόματι Ἅγαβος | 1 | named Agabus | Alternate translation: “whose name was Agabus” | |
1731 | ACT | 11 | 28 | q3tl | ἐσήμανεν διὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος | 1 | and indicated by the Spirit that | Alternate translation: “and the Holy Spirit enabled him to prophesy that” | |
1732 | ACT | 11 | 28 | l3iz | λιμὸν μεγάλην μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι | 1 | a great famine was about to occur | Alternate translation: “a great shortage of food would happen” | |
1733 | ACT | 11 | 28 | pd2t | figs-hyperbole | ἐφ’ ὅλην τὴν οἰκουμένην | 1 | over the whole world | Here, whole was a generalization referring to the part of the world that they were interested in. Alternate translation: “all over the inhabited world” or “throughout the Roman Empire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
1734 | ACT | 11 | 28 | jmc5 | figs-explicit | ἐπὶ Κλαυδίου | 1 | in the days of Claudius | Luke’s audience would know that Claudius was the emperor of Rome at that time. Alternate translation: “when Claudius was the Roman emperor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1735 | ACT | 11 | 28 | fjyk | translate-names | Κλαυδίου | 1 | Claudius is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1736 | ACT | 11 | 29 | de92 | δὲ | 1 | So | The word So marks an event that happened because of something else that happened first. In this case, they sent money because of Agabus’ prophesy or the famine. | |
1737 | ACT | 11 | 29 | rk9z | καθὼς εὐπορεῖτό τις | 1 | just as anyone prospered | The richer people sent more; the poorer people sent less. | |
1738 | ACT | 11 | 29 | up7a | τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ ἀδελφοῖς | 1 | to the brothers living in Judea | Alternate translation: “to the believers in Judea” | |
1739 | ACT | 11 | 30 | lhp8 | καὶ ἐποίησαν | 1 | Here, they refers to the believers in the church in Antioch (Acts 11:27). | ||
1740 | ACT | 11 | 30 | l8i8 | figs-idiom | διὰ χειρὸς Βαρναβᾶ καὶ Σαύλου | 1 | by the hand of Barnabas and Saul | Here, hand is a synecdoche for the action of the whole person. Alternate translation: “by having Barnabas and Saul take to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1741 | ACT | 12 | intro | f66j | 0 | Acts 12 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 12 tells what happened to King Herod while Barnabas was bringing Saul back from Tarsus and they were delivering money from Antioch Jerusalem (11:25-30). He killed many of the leaders of the church, and he put Peter in prison. After God helped Peter escape the prison, Herod killed the prison guards, and then God killed Herod. In the last verse of the chapter, Luke tells how Barnabas and Saul return to Antioch. Important figures of speech in this chapterPersonificationThe “word of God” is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could grow and become many. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |||
1742 | ACT | 12 | 1 | ua9p | 0 | Connecting Statement: | This begins the new persecution, first of James’ death and then of Peter’s imprisonment and then release. | ||
1743 | ACT | 12 | 1 | ti1y | writing-newevent | δὲ | 1 | Now | This begins a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
1744 | ACT | 12 | 1 | f2gr | κατ’ ἐκεῖνον…τὸν καιρὸν | 1 | about that time | Here, that time refers to the time of the famine. | |
1745 | ACT | 12 | 1 | zy6y | figs-idiom | ἐπέβαλεν…τὰς χεῖρας | 1 | laid hands on | This means Herod had the believers arrested. See how you translated this in Acts 5:18. Alternate translation: “sent soldiers to arrest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1746 | ACT | 12 | 1 | u1gv | figs-explicit | τινας τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας | 1 | some of those from the church | Only James and Peter are specified, which implies that these were leaders of the church in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1747 | ACT | 12 | 1 | s7lc | κακῶσαί | 1 | to harm them | Alternate translation: “in order to cause the believers to suffer” | |
1748 | ACT | 12 | 2 | u4w7 | writing-background | ἀνεῖλεν δὲ Ἰάκωβον, τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἰωάννου, μαχαίρῃ | 1 | This is background information about Herod’s killing James. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) | |
1749 | ACT | 12 | 2 | r1zv | figs-metonymy | ἀνεῖλεν…Ἰάκωβον | 1 | he killed James | This could mean: (1) Herod himself killed James or (2) Herod ordered someone to kill James. Alternate translation: “Herod gave the order and they killed James” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1750 | ACT | 12 | 3 | pms7 | ἰδὼν…προσέθετο | 1 | Here the word he refers to Herod (Acts 12:1). | ||
1751 | ACT | 12 | 3 | v4ag | ἰδὼν δὲ ὅτι ἀρεστόν ἐστιν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις | 1 | And when he saw that this is pleasing to the Jews | Alternate translation: “And when Herod realized that putting James to death pleased the Jewish leaders” | |
1752 | ACT | 12 | 3 | cu7s | ὅτι…ἐστιν | 1 | that this is | Alternate translation: “that Herod did this” or “that this happened” | |
1753 | ACT | 12 | 3 | wpm1 | ἀρεστόν ἐστιν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις | 1 | this is pleasing to the Jews | Alternate translation: “made the Jewish leaders happy” | |
1754 | ACT | 12 | 3 | ly66 | ἡμέραι τῶν Ἀζύμων | 1 | the days of unleavened bread | This phrase refers to a time of Jewish religious feast time during the Passover season. Alternate translation: “the festival when the Jewish people ate bread without yeast” | |
1755 | ACT | 12 | 4 | pps1 | τέσσαρσιν τετραδίοις στρατιωτῶν | 1 | to four squads of soldiers | Each squad had four soldiers that guarded Peter, one group at a time. The groups divided the 24-hour day into four shifts. Each time two soldiers would have been at his side and the other two soldiers by the entrance. Alternate translation: “to four groups of soldiers” | |
1756 | ACT | 12 | 4 | i23a | βουλόμενος…ἀναγαγεῖν αὐτὸν τῷ λαῷ | 1 | he was intending to bring him out to the people | Alternate translation: “Herod planned to judge Peter in the presence of the people” or “Herod planned to judge Peter before the Jewish people” | |
1757 | ACT | 12 | 5 | v2yz | figs-explicit | ὁ μὲν οὖν Πέτρος ἐτηρεῖτο ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ | 1 | So Peter was kept in the prison | This implies that the soldiers continually guarded Peter in the prison. Alternate translation: “So Peter was guarded by soldiers in the prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1758 | ACT | 12 | 5 | xpcx | figs-activepassive | ὁ μὲν οὖν Πέτρος ἐτηρεῖτο ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So the soldiers guarded Peter in the prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1759 | ACT | 12 | 5 | f8qc | figs-activepassive | προσευχὴ…ἦν ἐκτενῶς γινομένη ὑπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν περὶ αὐτοῦ | 1 | prayer was being made earnestly to God for him by the church | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the group of believers in Jerusalem earnestly prayed to God for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1760 | ACT | 12 | 6 | km83 | figs-explicit | ἤμελλεν προαγαγεῖν αὐτὸν ὁ Ἡρῴδης τῇ νυκτὶ ἐκείνῃ | 1 | Herod was going to bring him out for trial, that night | That Herod planned to execute him can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “the same night before Herod was going to bring Peter out from prison to put him on trial and then to execute him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1761 | ACT | 12 | 6 | g2bh | δεδεμένος ἁλύσεσιν δυσίν | 1 | bound with two chains | Each chain would have been attached to one of the two guards who stayed beside Peter. Alternate translation: “tied with two chains” or “fastened with two chains” | |
1762 | ACT | 12 | 6 | aqv1 | ἐτήρουν τὴν φυλακήν | 1 | were keeping watch over the prison | Alternate translation: “were guarding the prison doors” | |
1763 | ACT | 12 | 7 | kk4i | ἐπέστη…αὐτὸν…αὐτοῦ | 1 | The words him and his refer to Peter. | ||
1764 | ACT | 12 | 7 | i7g3 | ἰδοὺ | 1 | behold | The word behold alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. | |
1765 | ACT | 12 | 7 | lu25 | ἐπέστη | 1 | appeared by him | Alternate translation: “appeared next to him” or “suddenly stood beside him” | |
1766 | ACT | 12 | 7 | z2i1 | ἐν τῷ οἰκήματι | 1 | in the prison cell | Alternate translation: “in the prison room” | |
1767 | ACT | 12 | 7 | dc5b | πατάξας…τοῦ Πέτρου | 1 | he struck Peter | Peter was evidently sleeping deeply enough that this was required to wake him. Alternate translation: “the angel tapped Peter” or “the angel poked Peter” | |
1768 | ACT | 12 | 7 | dqn9 | ἐξέπεσαν αὐτοῦ αἱ ἁλύσεις ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν | 1 | his chains fell away from his hands | The angel caused the chains to fall from Peter without touching them. | |
1769 | ACT | 12 | 8 | hxt9 | ἐποίησεν…οὕτως | 1 | he did thus | Alternate translation: “Peter did what the angel told him to do” or “Peter obeyed” | |
1770 | ACT | 12 | 8 | abch | λέγει αὐτῷ | 1 | he said to him | Alternate translation: “the angel said to Peter” | |
1771 | ACT | 12 | 9 | gx77 | ἠκολούθει…ᾔδει…ἐδόκει | 1 | Here the word he refers to Peter. | ||
1772 | ACT | 12 | 9 | abci | ἠκολούθει | 1 | he followed him | Alternate translation: “Peter followed the angel” | |
1773 | ACT | 12 | 9 | sh8k | οὐκ ᾔδει | 1 | he did not know | Alternate translation: “he did not understand” | |
1774 | ACT | 12 | 9 | p9ty | figs-activepassive | ἀληθές ἐστιν τὸ γινόμενον διὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου | 1 | what is done by the angel is real | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the actions of the angel were real” or “what the angel did truly happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1775 | ACT | 12 | 10 | ursb | διελθόντες…ἦλθαν…αὐτοῖς…προῆλθον | 1 | The words they and them refer to Peter and the angel. | ||
1776 | ACT | 12 | 10 | r7gy | figs-explicit | διελθόντες δὲ πρώτην φυλακὴν καὶ δευτέραν | 1 | But when they had passed by the first guard and the second | It is implied that the soldiers were not able to see Peter and the angel as they walked by. Alternate translation: “The first and second guards did not see them as they passed by, and then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1777 | ACT | 12 | 10 | c18q | διελθόντες | 1 | when they had passed by | Alternate translation: “when they had walked by” | |
1778 | ACT | 12 | 10 | e36s | figs-ellipsis | καὶ δευτέραν | 1 | and the second | The word guard is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “and the second guard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
1779 | ACT | 12 | 10 | y86k | ἦλθαν ἐπὶ τὴν πύλην τὴν σιδηρᾶν | 1 | they came to the iron gate | Alternate translation: “Peter and the angel arrived at the iron gate” | |
1780 | ACT | 12 | 10 | if3c | τὴν φέρουσαν εἰς τὴν πόλιν | 1 | that led into the city | Alternate translation: “that opened to the city” or “that went from the prison to the city” | |
1781 | ACT | 12 | 10 | i3st | figs-rpronouns | ἥτις αὐτομάτη ἠνοίγη αὐτοῖς | 1 | it opened for them by itself | Here, by itself means neither Peter nor the angel opened it. Alternate translation: “the gate swung open for them” or “the gate opened itself for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) |
1782 | ACT | 12 | 10 | j268 | προῆλθον ῥύμην μίαν | 1 | they went down a street | Alternate translation: “they walked along a street” | |
1783 | ACT | 12 | 10 | fl89 | εὐθέως ἀπέστη ὁ ἄγγελος ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ | 1 | right away the angel went away from him | Alternate translation: “the angel left Peter suddenly” or “suddenly the angel disappeared” | |
1784 | ACT | 12 | 11 | wlb6 | figs-idiom | καὶ ὁ Πέτρος ἐν ἑαυτῷ γενόμενος | 1 | And when Peter had come to himself | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “And when Peter became fully awake and alert” or “And when Peter became aware that what had happened was real” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1785 | ACT | 12 | 11 | ue4k | figs-metonymy | ἐξείλατό με ἐκ χειρὸς Ἡρῴδου | 1 | delivered me from the hand of Herod | Here, the hand of Herod refers to “Herod’s power” or “Herod’s plans.” Alternate translation: “brought me from the harm Herod had planned for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1786 | ACT | 12 | 11 | hw63 | ἐξείλατό με | 1 | delivered me | Alternate translation: “rescued me” | |
1787 | ACT | 12 | 11 | p739 | figs-synecdoche | πάσης τῆς προσδοκίας τοῦ λαοῦ τῶν Ἰουδαίων | 1 | from all the expectations of the Jewish people | Here, the Jewish people probably referred mainly to the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “from all that the Jewish leaders thought would happen to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
1788 | ACT | 12 | 12 | tfh3 | συνιδών | 1 | having realized this | He became aware that God had rescued him. | |
1789 | ACT | 12 | 12 | ux4v | figs-activepassive | Ἰωάννου, τοῦ ἐπικαλουμένου Μάρκου | 1 | of John, who was called Mark | John was also called Mark. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “John, whom people also called Mark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1790 | ACT | 12 | 13 | pfn7 | κρούσαντος…αὐτοῦ | 1 | when he knocked | Tapping on the door was a normal Jewish custom to let others know you wish to visit them. You may need to change this to fit your culture. Alternate translation: “when Peter knocked” | |
1791 | ACT | 12 | 13 | c634 | τὴν θύραν τοῦ πυλῶνος | 1 | at the door of the gate | Alternate translation: “at the outer door” or “at the door of the entrance from the street to the courtyard” | |
1792 | ACT | 12 | 13 | khq1 | προσῆλθε…ὑπακοῦσαι | 1 | came to answer | Alternate translation: “came to the gate to ask who was knocking” | |
1793 | ACT | 12 | 14 | x5fg | ἐπιγνοῦσα…οὐκ ἤνοιξεν…ἀπήγγειλεν | 1 | Here the words she and her all refer to the servant girl Rhoda. | ||
1794 | ACT | 12 | 14 | y2ff | ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς | 1 | from joy | Alternate translation: “because she was so joyful” or “being overly excited” | |
1795 | ACT | 12 | 14 | m3m7 | οὐκ ἤνοιξεν τὸν πυλῶνα | 1 | she did not open the gate | Alternate translation: “she did not open the door” or “she forgot to open the door” | |
1796 | ACT | 12 | 14 | yq3r | ἀπήγγειλεν | 1 | she reported | Alternate translation: “she told them” or “she said” | |
1797 | ACT | 12 | 14 | a19k | ἑστάναι…πρὸ τοῦ πυλῶνος | 1 | stands at the gate | Peter was still standing outside. Alternate translation: “is standing outside the door” | |
1798 | ACT | 12 | 15 | j2kx | οἱ…οἱ | 1 | Here the word they refers to the people who were inside praying (Acts 12:12). | ||
1799 | ACT | 12 | 15 | ybz7 | μαίνῃ | 1 | You are insane | The people not only did not believe her, but rebuked her by saying she was crazy. Alternate translation: “You are crazy” | |
1800 | ACT | 12 | 15 | xnm2 | ἡ…διϊσχυρίζετο οὕτως ἔχειν | 1 | she insisted that it was thus | Alternate translation: “she insisted that what she said was true” | |
1801 | ACT | 12 | 15 | en8b | οἱ…ἔλεγον | 2 | they said | Alternate translation: “they answered” | |
1802 | ACT | 12 | 15 | qa8m | ὁ ἄγγελός ἐστιν αὐτοῦ | 1 | It is his angel | Some Jews believed in guardian angels and may have thought that Peter’s angel had come to them. Alternate translation: “What you have seen is Peter’s angel” | |
1803 | ACT | 12 | 16 | wwg1 | εἶδαν | 1 | Here the word they refers to the people in the house. | ||
1804 | ACT | 12 | 16 | bi6l | ὁ δὲ Πέτρος ἐπέμενεν κρούων | 1 | But Peter continued knocking | The word continued means that Peter kept knocking the entire time those inside were talking. | |
1805 | ACT | 12 | 17 | jx1a | ἀπαγγείλατε…ταῦτα | 1 | Report these things | Alternate translation: “Tell these things” | |
1806 | ACT | 12 | 17 | jf16 | τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς | 1 | the brothers | Alternate translation: “the other believers” | |
1807 | ACT | 12 | 18 | ail9 | δὲ | 1 | Now | The word Now is used to mark a break in the story-line. Time has passed; it is now the next day. | |
1808 | ACT | 12 | 18 | iqv4 | γενομένης…ἡμέρας | 1 | when it became day | Alternate translation: “in the morning” | |
1809 | ACT | 12 | 18 | zl7i | figs-litotes | ἦν τάραχος οὐκ ὀλίγος ἐν τοῖς στρατιώταις, τί ἄρα ὁ Πέτρος ἐγένετο | 1 | there was no small disturbance among the soldiers over what therefore had happened to Peter | This phrase is used to emphasize what really happened. This could be said in a positive way. Alternate translation: “there was a great disturbance among the soldiers over what had happened to Peter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
1810 | ACT | 12 | 18 | ilz4 | figs-abstractnouns | ἦν τάραχος οὐκ ὀλίγος ἐν τοῖς στρατιώταις, τί ἄρα ὁ Πέτρος ἐγένετο | 1 | there was no small disturbance among the soldiers over what had happened to Peter | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words disturbance, you could express the same ideas with the words “disturbed” or “upset.” Alternate translation: “the soldiers were very disturbed about what had happened to Peter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
1811 | ACT | 12 | 19 | blx5 | αὐτὸν…εὑρὼν…διέτριβεν | 1 | The word him here refers to Peter. The word he refers to Herod. | ||
1812 | ACT | 12 | 19 | pz6v | Ἡρῴδης δὲ ἐπιζητήσας αὐτὸν | 1 | And Herod, having searched for him | This could mean: (1) “And when Herod heard Peter was missing, he went himself to search the prison” or (2) “And when Herod heard Peter was missing, he sent other soldiers to search the prison.” | |
1813 | ACT | 12 | 19 | c69i | ἀνακρίνας τοὺς φύλακας, ἐκέλευσεν ἀπαχθῆναι | 1 | questioned the guards and ordered them to be put to death | It was the normal punishment for the Roman government to kill the guards if their prisoner escaped. | |
1814 | ACT | 12 | 19 | br16 | καὶ κατελθὼν | 1 | And having gone down | The phrase having gone down is used here because Caesarea is lower in elevation than Judea. | |
1815 | ACT | 12 | 20 | n2lw | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Luke continues with another event in Herod’s life. | ||
1816 | ACT | 12 | 20 | aip7 | writing-newevent | δὲ | 1 | Now | The word Now is used here to mark the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
1817 | ACT | 12 | 20 | gxs4 | figs-hyperbole | ὁμοθυμαδὸν…παρῆσαν πρὸς αὐτόν | 1 | they went to him together | Here the word they is a generalization. It is unlikely that all the people of Tyre and Sidon went to Herod. Alternate translation: “men representing the people of Tyre and Sidon went together to talk with Herod” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
1818 | ACT | 12 | 20 | t6mi | πείσαντες Βλάστον | 1 | having persuaded Blastus | Alternate translation: “these men persuaded Blastus” | |
1819 | ACT | 12 | 20 | qsg4 | translate-names | Βλάστον | 1 | Blastus | Blastus was an assistant to or an officer of King Herod. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
1820 | ACT | 12 | 20 | l5r1 | ᾐτοῦντο εἰρήνην | 1 | they asked for peace | Alternate translation: “these men requested peace” | |
1821 | ACT | 12 | 20 | j253 | figs-explicit | τὸ τρέφεσθαι αὐτῶν τὴν χώραν ἀπὸ τῆς βασιλικῆς | 1 | their food for their country was from the king’s country | They probably purchased this food. Alternate translation: “the people of Tyre and Sidon bought all their food from the people that Herod ruled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1822 | ACT | 12 | 20 | dy51 | figs-explicit | τὸ τρέφεσθαι αὐτῶν | 1 | their food | It is implied that Herod restricted this supply of food because he was angry with the people of Tyre and Sidon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1823 | ACT | 12 | 21 | e3w9 | τακτῇ…ἡμέρᾳ | 1 | on a set day | This was probably the day on which Herod agreed to meet with the representatives. Alternate translation: “on the day when Herod agreed to meet them” | |
1824 | ACT | 12 | 21 | kv7g | ἐσθῆτα βασιλικὴν | 1 | in royal clothing | This royal clothing was expensive clothing that would demonstrate he was the king. | |
1825 | ACT | 12 | 21 | g6ir | καθίσας ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος | 1 | sitting on the throne | The throne was where Herod formally addressed people who came to see him. | |
1826 | ACT | 12 | 23 | b4bc | παραχρῆμα…ἄγγελος | 1 | immediately an angel | Alternate translation: “right away an angel” or “while the people were still praising Herod, an angel” | |
1827 | ACT | 12 | 23 | b5s9 | ἐπάταξεν αὐτὸν | 1 | struck him | Alternate translation: “afflicted Herod” or “caused Herod to become very ill” | |
1828 | ACT | 12 | 23 | iw57 | οὐκ ἔδωκεν τὴν δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ | 1 | he did not give the glory to God | Herod let those people worship him instead of telling them to worship God. | |
1829 | ACT | 12 | 23 | d419 | figs-activepassive | γενόμενος σκωληκόβρωτος, ἐξέψυξεν | 1 | becoming worm-eaten, he died | Here, worm refers to worms inside the body, probably intestinal worms. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “worms ate Herod’s insides and he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1830 | ACT | 12 | 24 | m1sw | figs-metaphor | ὁ…λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ηὔξανεν καὶ ἐπληθύνετο | 1 | the word of God increased and was multiplied | The word of God is spoken of as if it was a living plant that was able to grow and reproduce. Alternate translation: “the message of God spread to more places and more people believed in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1831 | ACT | 12 | 24 | wn8m | ὁ…λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | the word of God | Alternate translation: “the message God sent about Jesus” | |
1832 | ACT | 12 | 25 | j2un | writing-endofstory | 0 | This verse continues the history from 11:30. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) | ||
1833 | ACT | 12 | 25 | t7d8 | Βαρναβᾶς δὲ καὶ Σαῦλος ὑπέστρεψαν εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ | 1 | And Barnabas and Saul returned to Jerusalem | Although some ancient copies read “Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem,” the reading of “to Jerusalem” is probably correct. We know they went back to Antioch from Jerusalem, Therefore, this verse may indicate that they went somewhere else in Judea, and then returned to Jerusalem before they went back to Antioch. | |
1834 | ACT | 12 | 25 | pv6a | figs-explicit | πληρώσαντες τὴν διακονίαν | 1 | having completed their service | This refers back to when they brought money from the believers at Antioch in Acts 11:29-30. Alternate translation: “when they had delivered the money to the church leaders in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1835 | ACT | 13 | intro | rlh6 | 0 | Acts 13 General NotesStructure and formattingSome translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the three quotes from Psalms in 13:33-35. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 13:41. The chapter is where the second half of the Book of Acts begins. Luke writes more about Paul than about Peter, and it describes how it is the Gentiles and not the Jews to whom the believers tell the message about Jesus. Special concepts in this chapterA light for the GentilesThe Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. The Jews considered all Gentiles as walking in darkness, but Paul and Barnabas spoke of telling the Gentiles about Jesus as if they were going to bring them physical light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
1836 | ACT | 13 | 1 | ce7s | writing-background | 0 | General Information: | Verse 1 gives background information about the people in the church at Antioch. Here the first word “they” probably refers to these five leaders but may also include the other believers. The next words “they” and “their” probably refer to the other three leaders not including Barnabas and Saul but could include other believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) | |
1837 | ACT | 13 | 1 | qa2i | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Luke begins to tell about the mission trips on which the church at Antioch send Barnabas and Saul. | ||
1838 | ACT | 13 | 1 | rej8 | δὲ ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ κατὰ τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν | 1 | Now there were in Antioch, in the church that was there | Alternate translation: “At that time in the church at Antioch” | |
1839 | ACT | 13 | 1 | srw6 | translate-names | Συμεὼν…Νίγερ…Λούκιος…Μαναήν | 1 | Simeon … Niger … Lucius … Manaen | These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
1840 | ACT | 13 | 1 | u48c | Ἡρῴδου τοῦ τετράρχου σύντροφος | 1 | one brought up with Herod the tetrarch | Manaen was probably Herod’s playmate or close friend growing up. Some scholars suggest he was Herod’s foster brother. | |
1841 | ACT | 13 | 2 | ifb9 | ἀφορίσατε | 1 | Set apart | Alternate translation: “Appoint to serve” | |
1842 | ACT | 13 | 2 | j6ym | προσκέκλημαι αὐτούς | 1 | I have called them | The verb here means that God chose them to do this work. | |
1843 | ACT | 13 | 3 | ku45 | translate-symaction | ἐπιθέντες τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῖς | 1 | laid their hands on them | This act showed that the leaders agreed that the Holy Spirit had called Barnabas and Saul to do this work. Alternate translation: “laid their hands on these men whom God had set apart for his service” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
1844 | ACT | 13 | 3 | p1us | ἀπέλυσαν | 1 | they sent them off | Alternate translation: “they sent those men off” or “they sent those men off to do the work the Holy Spirit told them to do” | |
1845 | ACT | 13 | 4 | br2m | 0 | General Information: | Here the words “they,” “They,” and “their” refer to Barnabas and Silas. | ||
1846 | ACT | 13 | 4 | mt3h | οὖν | 1 | So | This word marks an event that happened because of a previous event. In this case, the previous event is Barnabas and Saul being set apart by the Holy Spirit. | |
1847 | ACT | 13 | 4 | abcj | αὐτοὶ…ἐκπεμφθέντες | 1 | they, having been sent out | Alternate translation: “Barnabas and Saul were sent out” | |
1848 | ACT | 13 | 4 | iyh8 | κατῆλθον | 1 | went down | The phrase went down is used here because Seleucia is lower in elevation than Antioch. | |
1849 | ACT | 13 | 4 | d1q5 | Σελεύκιαν | 1 | Seleucia | a city by the sea | |
1850 | ACT | 13 | 5 | at85 | Σαλαμῖνι | 1 | Salamis | The city of Salamis was on Cyprus Island. | |
1851 | ACT | 13 | 5 | ct8b | figs-synecdoche | κατήγγελλον τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | they were proclaiming the word of God | Here, word of God is a synecdoche for “message of God.” Alternate translation: “they proclaimed the message of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
1852 | ACT | 13 | 5 | p5t3 | συναγωγαῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίων | 1 | synagogues of the Jews | This could mean: (1) “there were multiple Jewish synagogues in the city of Salamis where Barnabas and Saul preached” or (2) “Barnabas and Saul started at the synagogue at Salamis and continued to preach in all the synagogues they found while they traveled around the Island of Cyprus.” | |
1853 | ACT | 13 | 5 | sxw6 | εἶχον δὲ καὶ Ἰωάννην, ὑπηρέτην | 1 | And they also had John as an assistant | Alternate translation: “And John Mark went with them and was helping them” | |
1854 | ACT | 13 | 6 | h9he | εὗρον | 1 | Here the word they refers to Paul, Silas, and John Mark. | ||
1855 | ACT | 13 | 6 | ja1i | ὅλην τὴν νῆσον | 1 | the whole island | They crossed from one side of the island to the other and shared the gospel message in each town they passed through. | |
1856 | ACT | 13 | 6 | cl2z | Πάφου | 1 | Paphos | Paphos was a major city on Cyprus island where the proconsul lived. | |
1857 | ACT | 13 | 6 | zf3b | εὗρον | 1 | they found | Here, found means they came upon him without looking for him. Alternate translation: “they met” or “they came upon” | |
1858 | ACT | 13 | 6 | xe7h | ἄνδρα, τινὰ μάγον | 1 | a certain man, a magician | Alternate translation: “a particular person who practices witchcraft” or “a person who practices supernatural magic arts” | |
1859 | ACT | 13 | 6 | ak38 | translate-names | ᾧ ὄνομα Βαριησοῦς | 1 | whose name was Bar Jesus | Bar Jesus means “Son of Jesus.” There is no relation between this man and Jesus Christ. Jesus was a common name at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
1860 | ACT | 13 | 7 | bee2 | ἦν σὺν | 1 | was with | Alternate translation: “was often with” or “was often in the company of” | |
1861 | ACT | 13 | 7 | s1su | ἀνθυπάτῳ | 1 | proconsul | A proconsul was a governor in charge of a Roman province. Alternate translation: “governor” | |
1862 | ACT | 13 | 7 | h5xx | writing-background | ἀνδρὶ συνετῷ | 1 | an intelligent man | This is background information about Sergius Paulus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
1863 | ACT | 13 | 7 | abck | οὗτος, προσκαλεσάμενος | 1 | He summoned | Alternate translation: “The proconsul summoned” | |
1864 | ACT | 13 | 8 | lp2u | translate-names | Ἐλύμας ὁ μάγος | 1 | Elymas “the magician” | This was Bar-Jesus, who was also called “the magician.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
1865 | ACT | 13 | 8 | qw4j | οὕτως γὰρ μεθερμηνεύεται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ | 1 | for that is how his name is translated | Alternate translation: “for that was what he was called in Greek” | |
1866 | ACT | 13 | 8 | n23s | ἀνθίστατο…αὐτοῖς…ζητῶν διαστρέψαι τὸν ἀνθύπατον | 1 | opposed them; he sought to turn the proconsul away | Alternate translation: “resisted them by trying to turn the proconsul away” or “attempted to stop them by trying to turn the proconsul away” | |
1867 | ACT | 13 | 8 | w2xt | figs-metaphor | ζητῶν διαστρέψαι τὸν ἀνθύπατον ἀπὸ τῆς πίστεως | 1 | he sought to turn the proconsul away from the faith | Here, to turn … away from is a metaphor for convincing someone to not do something. Alternate translation: “he attempted to persuade the governor not to believe the gospel message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
1868 | ACT | 13 | 9 | gws2 | αὐτὸν | 1 | The word him refers to the magician Elymas, who is also called Bar Jesus (Acts 13:6-8). | ||
1869 | ACT | 13 | 9 | ey6d | figs-activepassive | Σαῦλος…ὁ καὶ Παῦλος | 1 | Saul, who is also Paul | Saul was his Jewish name, and Paul was his Roman name. Since he was speaking to a Roman official, he used his Roman name. Alternate translation: “Saul, who now called himself Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1870 | ACT | 13 | 9 | xjy9 | ἀτενίσας εἰς αὐτὸν | 1 | stared at him intensely | Alternate translation: “looked at him intensely” | |
1871 | ACT | 13 | 10 | r8x2 | ὦ πλήρης παντὸς δόλου καὶ πάσης ῥᾳδιουργίας | 1 | O one full of all deceit and all wickedness | Alternate translation: “O you are always intent in causing others to believe what is not true using falsehood and always doing what is wrong” | |
1872 | ACT | 13 | 10 | d2pk | figs-metonymy | υἱὲ διαβόλου | 1 | son of the devil | Paul is saying the man is acting like the devil. Alternate translation: “you are like the devil” or “you act like the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1873 | ACT | 13 | 10 | pyu7 | ῥᾳδιουργίας | 1 | wickedness | In this context, wickedness means to be lazy and not diligent in following God’s law. | |
1874 | ACT | 13 | 10 | hlq9 | ἐχθρὲ πάσης δικαιοσύνης | 1 | enemy of all righteousness | Paul is grouping Elymas with the devil. Just as the devil is an enemy of God and is against righteousness, so also was Elymas. | |
1875 | ACT | 13 | 10 | bc9p | figs-rquestion | οὐ παύσῃ διαστρέφων τὰς ὁδοὺς τοῦ Κυρίου τὰς εὐθείας? | 1 | will you not stop perverting the straight paths of the Lord? | Paul uses this question to rebuke Elymas for opposing God. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “you are always saying that the truth about the Lord God is false!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
1876 | ACT | 13 | 10 | p8sa | figs-idiom | τὰς ὁδοὺς τοῦ Κυρίου τὰς εὐθείας | 1 | the straight paths of the Lord | Here, straight paths refer to the ways that are true. Alternate translation: “the true ways of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1877 | ACT | 13 | 11 | xul9 | figs-metonymy | χεὶρ Κυρίου ἐπὶ σέ | 1 | the hand of the Lord upon you | Here, hand represents the power of God and upon you implies punishment. Alternate translation: “the Lord will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1878 | ACT | 13 | 11 | rse8 | figs-activepassive | ἔσῃ τυφλὸς | 1 | you will be blind | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will make you blind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1879 | ACT | 13 | 11 | w3gh | μὴ βλέπων τὸν ἥλιον | 1 | not seeing the sun | Elymas will be so completely blind that he not even be able to see the sun. Alternate translation: “you will not even see the sun” | |
1880 | ACT | 13 | 11 | b5b8 | ἄχρι καιροῦ | 1 | for a time | Alternate translation: “for a period of time” or “until the time appointed by God” | |
1881 | ACT | 13 | 11 | t7j1 | ἔπεσεν ἐπ’ αὐτὸν ἀχλὺς καὶ σκότος | 1 | a mist and darkness fell on Elymas | Alternate translation: “the eyes of Elymas became blurry and then dark” or “Elymas started seeing unclearly and then he could not see anything” | |
1882 | ACT | 13 | 11 | a7es | περιάγων | 1 | he is going around | Alternate translation: “Elymas wandered around” or “Elymas started feeling around and” | |
1883 | ACT | 13 | 12 | x9fl | ἀνθύπατος | 1 | proconsul | A proconsul was a governor in charge of a Roman province. Alternate translation: “governor” | |
1884 | ACT | 13 | 12 | pyh7 | ἐπίστευσεν | 1 | believed | Alternate translation: “believed in Jesus” | |
1885 | ACT | 13 | 12 | twa8 | figs-activepassive | ἐκπλησσόμενος ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | being astonished at the teaching of the Lord | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the teaching about the Lord amazing him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1886 | ACT | 13 | 13 | r9hi | δὲ | 1 | Now | The word Now marks the beginning of a new part of the story about Paul in Antioch in Pisidia. | |
1887 | ACT | 13 | 13 | i65t | writing-background | οἱ περὶ, Παῦλον | 1 | Verses 13 and 14 give background information about this part of the story. Here, those around Paul refers to Barnabas and John Mark (also called John). From this point on, Saul is called Paul in Acts. Paul’s name is listed first which indicates that he had become the leader of the group. It is important to keep this order in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) | |
1888 | ACT | 13 | 13 | abcl | οἱ περὶ, Παῦλον | 1 | those around Paul | This refers to Paul and his companions. | |
1889 | ACT | 13 | 13 | k4s9 | ἀναχθέντες…ἀπὸ τῆς Πάφου | 1 | having set sail from Paphos | Alternate translation: “having traveled by sailboat from Paphos” | |
1890 | ACT | 13 | 13 | h1cb | ἦλθον εἰς Πέργην τῆς Παμφυλίας | 1 | came to Perga in Pamphylia | Alternate translation: “arrived in Perga which is in Pamphylia” | |
1891 | ACT | 13 | 13 | g6l5 | Ἰωάννης δὲ ἀποχωρήσας ἀπ’ αὐτῶν | 1 | But John, withdrawing from them | Alternate translation: “But John Mark, leaving Paul and Barnabas” | |
1892 | ACT | 13 | 14 | vrp1 | Ἀντιόχειαν τὴν Πισιδίαν | 1 | Antioch of Pisidia | Alternate translation: “the city of Antioch in the district of Pisidia” | |
1893 | ACT | 13 | 15 | dnb4 | figs-synecdoche | μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἀνάγνωσιν τοῦ νόμου καὶ τῶν προφητῶν | 1 | And after the reading of the law and of the prophets | The phrase the law and the prophets refers to parts of the Jewish scriptures which were read. Alternate translation: “And after someone read from the books of the law and the writings of the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
1894 | ACT | 13 | 15 | z7bh | ἀπέστειλαν…πρὸς αὐτοὺς λέγοντες | 1 | sent to them, saying | Alternate translation: “told someone to say to them” or “asked someone to tell them” | |
1895 | ACT | 13 | 15 | td4h | ἀδελφοί | 1 | brothers | The term brothers is here used by the people in the synagogue to refer to Paul and Barnabas as fellow Jews. | |
1896 | ACT | 13 | 15 | jru8 | εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἐν ὑμῖν λόγος παρακλήσεως πρὸς τὸν λαόν | 1 | if there is among you any word of exhortation for the people | Alternate translation: “if you want to say anything to encourage our people” | |
1897 | ACT | 13 | 15 | kj1h | λέγετε | 1 | speak it | Alternate translation: “please speak it” or “please tell it to us” | |
1898 | ACT | 13 | 16 | p93q | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul begins his speech to those in the synagogue in Pisidian Antioch. He begins by talking about things that happened in Israel’s history. | ||
1899 | ACT | 13 | 16 | i8pz | translate-symaction | κατασείσας τῇ χειρὶ | 1 | motioned with his hand | This phrase could refer to moving his hands as a signal that he was ready to speak. Alternate translation: “moving his hands to show that he was about to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
1900 | ACT | 13 | 16 | rh93 | οἱ φοβούμενοι τὸν Θεόν | 1 | ones who fear God | This refers to Gentiles who had converted to Judaism. “you who are not Israelites but who worship God” | |
1901 | ACT | 13 | 16 | ah55 | τὸν Θεόν, ἀκούσατε | 1 | God, listen | Alternate translation: “God, listen to me” or “God, listen to what I am about to say” | |
1902 | ACT | 13 | 17 | se2b | ὁ Θεὸς τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου Ἰσραὴλ | 1 | The God of this people Israel | Alternate translation: “The God whom the people of Israel worship” | |
1903 | ACT | 13 | 17 | tbc4 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | Here the word our refers to Paul and his fellow Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
1904 | ACT | 13 | 17 | l9cn | τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν | 1 | our fathers | Alternate translation: “our ancestors” | |
1905 | ACT | 13 | 17 | aaj5 | τὸν λαὸν ὕψωσεν | 1 | exalted the people | Alternate translation: “caused our people to become very numerous” | |
1906 | ACT | 13 | 17 | vw4z | figs-metonymy | μετὰ βραχίονος ὑψηλοῦ | 1 | with an uplifted arm | This refers to God’s mighty power. Alternate translation: “with great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1907 | ACT | 13 | 17 | b74t | ἐξ αὐτῆς | 1 | from it | Alternate translation: “out from the land of Egypt” | |
1908 | ACT | 13 | 18 | zv9e | ἐτροποφόρησεν αὐτοὺς | 1 | he put up with them | This means “he tolerated them.” Some versions have a different word that means “he took care of them.” Alternate translation: “God endured their disobedience” or “God took care of them” | |
1909 | ACT | 13 | 19 | nvp7 | figs-exclusive | καθελὼν…κατεκληρονόμησεν τὴν γῆν αὐτῶν | 1 | Here the word he refers to God. The word them refers to the people of Israel. The words their land refer to the land the seven nations had previously occupied. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
1910 | ACT | 13 | 19 | h5qg | ἔθνη | 1 | nations | Here the word nations refers to different people groups and not to geographical boundaries. | |
1911 | ACT | 13 | 20 | abcm | ἔδωκεν | 1 | he gave them | Alternate translation: “God gave them” | |
1912 | ACT | 13 | 20 | qmc8 | ἕως Σαμουὴλ προφήτου | 1 | until Samuel the prophet | Alternate translation: “until the time of the prophet Samuel” | |
1913 | ACT | 13 | 21 | yxi8 | ἔτη τεσσεράκοντα | 1 | for 40 years | Alternate translation: “to be their king for 40 years” | |
1914 | ACT | 13 | 22 | z4x3 | μεταστήσας αὐτὸν | 1 | having removed him | This expression means God caused Saul to stop being king. Alternate translation: “rejected Saul from being king” | |
1915 | ACT | 13 | 22 | bsp6 | ἤγειρεν τὸν Δαυεὶδ αὐτοῖς εἰς βασιλέα | 1 | he raised up David for them as their king | Alternate translation: “God chose David to be their king” | |
1916 | ACT | 13 | 22 | iyd6 | βασιλέα | 1 | their king | Alternate translation: “the king of Israel” or “the king over the Israelites” | |
1917 | ACT | 13 | 22 | sw2r | ᾧ καὶ εἶπεν μαρτυρήσας | 1 | to whom having testified, he also said | Alternate translation: “about whom God testified by saying” | |
1918 | ACT | 13 | 22 | akg6 | εὗρον Δαυεὶδ τὸν τοῦ Ἰεσσαί, ἄνδρα κατὰ τὴν καρδίαν μου, ὃς ποιήσει πάντα τὰ θελήματά μου | 1 | The quotation here is from the history of Samuel and from a Psalm of Ethan in the Old Testament. | ||
1919 | ACT | 13 | 22 | dbu5 | εὗρον | 1 | I have found | Alternate translation: “I have observed that” | |
1920 | ACT | 13 | 22 | mp53 | figs-idiom | ἄνδρα κατὰ τὴν καρδίαν μου | 1 | a man according to my heart | This expression means he “a man who wants what I want.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1921 | ACT | 13 | 23 | xj5a | τούτου…ἀπὸ τοῦ σπέρματος | 1 | From the descendants of this one | This phrase is placed at the beginning of the sentence to emphasize that the Savior had to be one of David’s descendants (Acts 13:22). Alternate translation: “From David’s descendants” | |
1922 | ACT | 13 | 23 | kc76 | figs-metonymy | ἤγαγεν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ | 1 | brought to Israel | Here, Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “gave to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1923 | ACT | 13 | 23 | mk5g | κατ’ ἐπαγγελίαν | 1 | according to promise | Alternate translation: “just as God promised he would do” | |
1924 | ACT | 13 | 24 | abcn | πρὸ προσώπου τῆς εἰσόδου αὐτοῦ | 1 | before the face of his coming | Alternate translation: “before the coming of Jesus” | |
1925 | ACT | 13 | 24 | x892 | figs-abstractnouns | βάπτισμα μετανοίας | 1 | a baptism of repentance | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word repentance, you could express the same idea with the verb “repent.” Alternate translation: “a baptism to repent” or “a baptism that people requested when they wanted to repent for their sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
1926 | ACT | 13 | 25 | lby6 | τί ἐμὲ ὑπονοεῖτε εἶναι? οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγώ, ἀλλ’ ἰδοὺ, ἔρχεται μετ’ ἐμὲ, οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἄξιος τὸ ὑπόδημα τῶν ποδῶν λῦσαι | 1 | The quotation here is from the Gospels. | ||
1927 | ACT | 13 | 25 | vww3 | figs-rquestion | τί ἐμὲ ὑπονοεῖτε εἶναι? | 1 | Who do you think I am? | John asked this question to compel the people to think about who he was. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Think about who I am.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
1928 | ACT | 13 | 25 | rp32 | figs-explicit | οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγώ | 1 | I am not him | John was referring to the Messiah, whom they were expecting to come. Alternate translation: “I am not the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1929 | ACT | 13 | 25 | nnl5 | ἀλλ’ ἰδοὺ | 1 | But behold | This phrase emphasizes the importance of what he will say next. | |
1930 | ACT | 13 | 25 | r1pl | figs-explicit | ἔρχεται μετ’ ἐμὲ | 1 | one is coming after me | This also refers to the Messiah. Alternate translation: “the Messiah will soon come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1931 | ACT | 13 | 25 | gys2 | οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἄξιος τὸ ὑπόδημα τῶν ποδῶν λῦσαι | 1 | of whom the sandals of his feet I am not worthy to untie | The Messiah is so much greater than John that he did not even feel worthy do the lowest job for him. Alternate translation: “and I am not worthy even to untie his shoes” | |
1932 | ACT | 13 | 26 | jdp6 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῖν | 1 | Here the word us includes Paul and his entire audience in the synagogue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
1933 | ACT | 13 | 26 | kci9 | ἀδελφοί, υἱοὶ γένους Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ οἱ ἐν ὑμῖν φοβούμενοι τὸν Θεόν | 1 | brothers, sons of the family of Abraham, and those among you who fear God | Paul addresses his audience of Jews and Gentile converts to Judaism to remind them of their special status as worshiping the true God. | |
1934 | ACT | 13 | 26 | u6zn | figs-activepassive | ὁ λόγος τῆς σωτηρίας ταύτης ἐξαπεστάλη | 1 | the word about this salvation has been sent | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has sent the message about this salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1935 | ACT | 13 | 26 | v6r3 | figs-abstractnouns | τῆς σωτηρίας ταύτης | 1 | about this salvation | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word salvation, you could express the same idea with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “that God will save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
1936 | ACT | 13 | 27 | psk5 | τοῦτον ἀγνοήσαντες | 1 | did not recognize this one | Alternate translation: “did not realize that this man Jesus was the one whom God had sent to save them” | |
1937 | ACT | 13 | 27 | ri1f | figs-metonymy | τὰς φωνὰς τῶν προφητῶν | 1 | the voices of the prophets | Here the word voices represents the message of the prophets. Alternate translation: “the writings of the prophets” or “the message of the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1938 | ACT | 13 | 27 | m4tz | figs-activepassive | τὰς…ἀναγινωσκομένας | 2 | that are read | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “which someone reads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1939 | ACT | 13 | 27 | rle6 | τὰς φωνὰς τῶν προφητῶν…ἐπλήρωσαν | 1 | they fulfilled the voices of the prophets | Alternate translation: “they actually did just what the prophets said that they would do” | |
1940 | ACT | 13 | 28 | v3hw | 0 | General Information: | Here the word they refers to the Jewish people and their religious leaders in Jerusalem. The word him here refers to Jesus. | ||
1941 | ACT | 13 | 28 | y9j6 | μηδεμίαν αἰτίαν θανάτου εὑρόντες | 1 | they found no reason for death | Alternate translation: “they did not find any reason why anyone should kill Jesus” | |
1942 | ACT | 13 | 28 | d4xm | ᾐτήσαντο Πειλᾶτον | 1 | they asked Pilate | The word asked here is a strong word meaning to demand, beg or plead for. | |
1943 | ACT | 13 | 29 | sq1j | ὡς δὲ ἐτέλεσαν πάντα τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ γεγραμμένα | 1 | And when they had completed all that had been written about him | Alternate translation: “And when they did to Jesus all the things that the prophets said would happen to him” | |
1944 | ACT | 13 | 29 | m5f1 | figs-explicit | καθελόντες ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου | 1 | taking him down from the tree | It may be helpful to explicitly say Jesus died before this happened. Alternate translation: “they killed Jesus and then took him down from the cross after he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1945 | ACT | 13 | 29 | vwt4 | figs-explicit | τοῦ ξύλου | 1 | from the tree | This was another way people at that time referred to the cross. Alternate translation: “the cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1946 | ACT | 13 | 30 | h5jw | ὁ δὲ Θεὸς ἤγειρεν αὐτὸν | 1 | But God raised him | But indicates a strong contrast between what the people did and what God did. | |
1947 | ACT | 13 | 30 | mqx8 | ἤγειρεν αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν | 1 | raised him from the dead | To be with the dead means that Jesus was dead. Alternate translation: “raised him from among those who were dead” | |
1948 | ACT | 13 | 30 | zsx4 | figs-idiom | ἤγειρεν αὐτὸν | 1 | raised him | Here, raised is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “caused him to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1949 | ACT | 13 | 30 | d14p | ἐκ νεκρῶν | 1 | from the dead | This phrase means “from among all those who have died.” This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To raise someone from among them speaks of making that person alive again. | |
1950 | ACT | 13 | 31 | ig7w | figs-activepassive | ὃς ὤφθη ἐπὶ ἡμέρας πλείους τοῖς συναναβᾶσιν αὐτῷ ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ | 1 | He was seen for many days by those who had come up with him from Galilee to Jerusalem | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “The disciples who traveled with Jesus from Galilee to Jerusalem saw him for many days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1951 | ACT | 13 | 31 | g4vl | ἡμέρας πλείους | 1 | many days | We know from other writings that this period was 40 days. Translate many days with a term that would be appropriate for that length of time. | |
1952 | ACT | 13 | 31 | vqj4 | νῦν εἰσιν μάρτυρες αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸν λαόν | 1 | are now his witnesses to the people | Alternate translation: “are now testifying to the people about Jesus” or “are now telling the people about Jesus” | |
1953 | ACT | 13 | 32 | hr2g | τοὺς πατέρας | 1 | our fathers | Paul is still speaking to the Jews and Gentile converts in the synagogue at Antioch of Pisidia. These were the physical ancestors of the Jews, and the spiritual ancestors of the converts. Alternate translation: “our ancestors” | |
1954 | ACT | 13 | 33 | b1uh | translate-versebridge | ταύτην ὁ Θεὸς ἐκπεπλήρωκεν τοῖς τέκνοις ἡμῶν | 1 | God has fulfilled this for our children | You may need to rearrange the parts of this sentence, which begins in verse 32. “God has fulfilled for us, their children, these promises that he made to our ancestors, by” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) |
1955 | ACT | 13 | 33 | dy6w | τοῖς τέκνοις ἡμῶν | 1 | for our children | Paul is still speaking to the Jews and Gentile converts in the synagogue at Antioch of Pisidia. Some ancient copies read, “for us, their children” but the best copies read, “for our children.” | |
1956 | ACT | 13 | 33 | d95n | figs-idiom | ἀναστήσας Ἰησοῦν | 1 | by raising up Jesus | Here, raising up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “by making Jesus alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1957 | ACT | 13 | 33 | y3tz | ὡς καὶ ἐν τῷ ψαλμῷ γέγραπται τῷ δευτέρῳ | 1 | As it is also written in the second Psalm | Alternate translation: “This is what was also written in the second Psalm” | |
1958 | ACT | 13 | 33 | h9ir | τῷ ψαλμῷ…τῷ δευτέρῳ | 1 | the second Psalm | Alternate translation: “Psalm 2” | |
1959 | ACT | 13 | 33 | tla1 | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | Υἱός…γεγέννηκά σε | 1 | Son … I have fathered you | Son is an important title that describes the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
1960 | ACT | 13 | 34 | ipb9 | δώσω ὑμῖν τὰ ὅσια Δαυεὶδ τὰ πιστά | 1 | This quotation here is from the prophet Isaiah. | ||
1961 | ACT | 13 | 34 | iy5q | ὅτι δὲ ἀνέστησεν αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν, μηκέτι μέλλοντα ὑποστρέφειν εἰς διαφθοράν, οὕτως εἴρηκεν | 1 | And that he raised him up from the dead, never to be about to return to decay, he has spoken in this way | Alternate translation: “God spoke these words about his making Jesus alive again so that he would never die again” | |
1962 | ACT | 13 | 34 | h3nj | ἐκ νεκρῶν | 1 | from the dead | From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To come back from among them speaks of becoming alive again. | |
1963 | ACT | 13 | 34 | q3kq | τὰ ὅσια…τὰ πιστά | 1 | the holy and sure blessings | Alternate translation: “the holy and certain blessings” | |
1964 | ACT | 13 | 35 | r1ev | figs-explicit | διότι καὶ ἐν ἑτέρῳ λέγει | 1 | On account of this he also says in another place | Paul’s audience would have understood that this Psalm refers to the Messiah. Alternate translation: “In another Psalm of David, he also says about the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1965 | ACT | 13 | 35 | gl8s | καὶ…λέγει | 1 | he also says | David is the author of Psalm 16 from which this quotation is taken. Alternate translation: “David also says” | |
1966 | ACT | 13 | 35 | hvt8 | figs-metonymy | οὐ δώσεις τὸν Ὅσιόν σου ἰδεῖν διαφθοράν | 1 | You will not allow your Holy One to see decay | The phrase see decay is a metonym for “decay.” Alternate translation: “You will not allow the body of your Holy One to rot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1967 | ACT | 13 | 35 | ry97 | οὐ δώσεις | 1 | You will not allow | David is speaking to God here. | |
1968 | ACT | 13 | 36 | u8vh | ἰδίᾳ γενεᾷ | 1 | in his own generation | Alternate translation: “during his lifetime” | |
1969 | ACT | 13 | 36 | m5wx | ὑπηρετήσας τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ βουλῇ | 1 | having served the counsel of God | Alternate translation: “having done what God wanted him to do” or “after he had done what pleased God” | |
1970 | ACT | 13 | 36 | rpb4 | figs-euphemism | ἐκοιμήθη | 1 | fell asleep | This was a polite way to refer to death. Alternate translation: “he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
1971 | ACT | 13 | 36 | nwy9 | προσετέθη πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας αὐτοῦ | 1 | was laid with his fathers | Alternate translation: “was buried with his ancestors who had died” | |
1972 | ACT | 13 | 36 | la5s | figs-metonymy | εἶδεν διαφθοράν | 1 | saw decay | The phrase saw decay is a metonym for “his body decayed.” Alternate translation: “his body rotted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1973 | ACT | 13 | 37 | bmw3 | ὃν δὲ | 1 | But he whom | Alternate translation: “But Jesus whom” | |
1974 | ACT | 13 | 37 | n9pl | figs-idiom | ὁ Θεὸς ἤγειρεν | 1 | God raised up | Here, raised up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “God caused to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
1975 | ACT | 13 | 37 | j52x | figs-metonymy | οὐκ εἶδεν διαφθοράν | 1 | did not see decay | The phrase did not see decay is a way to say “his body did not decay.” Alternate translation: “did not rot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1976 | ACT | 13 | 38 | yg35 | γνωστὸν…ἔστω ὑμῖν | 1 | let it be known to you | Alternate translation: “know this” or “this is important for you to know” | |
1977 | ACT | 13 | 38 | qy18 | ἀδελφοί | 1 | brothers | Paul uses the term brothers because they are his fellow-Jews and followers of Judaism. They are not Christian believers at this point. Alternate translation: “my fellow Israelites and other friends” | |
1978 | ACT | 13 | 38 | t3i5 | figs-activepassive | ὅτι διὰ τούτου, ὑμῖν ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν καταγγέλλεται, καὶ | 1 | that because of this, forgiveness of sins is being proclaimed to you, and freedom | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that we proclaim to you that your sins can be forgiven through Jesus, and you can be free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1979 | ACT | 13 | 38 | w7y1 | figs-abstractnouns | ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν | 1 | forgiveness of sins | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word forgiveness, you could express the same idea with the verb “to forgive.” Alternate translation: “that God can forgive your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
1980 | ACT | 13 | 39 | g5h9 | figs-activepassive | ἐν τούτῳ πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων δικαιοῦται | 1 | In this one every one who believes is justified | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Jesus justifies everyone who believes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
1981 | ACT | 13 | 39 | ki8q | τούτῳ | 1 | Here the term this one refers to Jesus. | ||
1982 | ACT | 13 | 39 | j6rr | ἐν τούτῳ πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων | 1 | In this one every one who believes | Alternate translation: “By him every person who believes” or “Every one who believes in him” | |
1983 | ACT | 13 | 40 | y2kg | figs-explicit | βλέπετε | 1 | be careful that | It is implied that the thing they should be careful about is Paul’s message. Alternate translation: “give close attention to the things I have said so that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
1984 | ACT | 13 | 40 | tt1x | τὸ εἰρημένον ἐν τοῖς προφήταις | 1 | the thing spoken about in the prophets | Alternate translation: “what the prophets spoke about” | |
1985 | ACT | 13 | 41 | tqk5 | ἴδετε, οἱ καταφρονηταί | 1 | Look, you despisers | Alternate translation: “Look, you who feel contempt” or “Look, you who ridicule” | |
1986 | ACT | 13 | 41 | ky3s | θαυμάσατε | 1 | be astonished | Alternate translation: “be amazed” or “be shocked” | |
1987 | ACT | 13 | 41 | ilh2 | καὶ ἀφανίσθητε | 1 | and perish | Alternate translation: “and die” | |
1988 | ACT | 13 | 41 | kk1j | ἔργον ἐργάζομαι ἐγὼ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ὑμῶν, ἔργον ὃ οὐ μὴ πιστεύσητε, ἐάν τις ἐκδιηγῆται ὑμῖν | 1 | In his message to the people in the synagogue, Paul quotes the prophet Habakkuk. Here the word I refers to God. | ||
1989 | ACT | 13 | 41 | dvn1 | ἔργον ἐργάζομαι | 1 | am doing a work | Alternate translation: “am doing something” | |
1990 | ACT | 13 | 41 | nm2q | ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ὑμῶν | 1 | in your days | Alternate translation: “during your lifetime” | |
1991 | ACT | 13 | 41 | w6tq | ἔργον ὃ | 1 | A work that | Alternate translation: “I am doing something which” | |
1992 | ACT | 13 | 41 | p4c2 | ἐάν τις ἐκδιηγῆται ὑμῖν | 1 | even if someone would announce it to you | Alternate translation: “even if someone would tell you about it” | |
1993 | ACT | 13 | 42 | ax8v | ἐξιόντων δὲ, αὐτῶν | 1 | And as they were leaving | Alternate translation: “When Paul and Barnabas were leaving” | |
1994 | ACT | 13 | 42 | f3sw | παρεκάλουν | 1 | they begged them | Alternate translation: “the people begged them” | |
1995 | ACT | 13 | 42 | y4p9 | figs-metonymy | τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα | 1 | these same words | Here, words refers to the message that Paul had spoken. Alternate translation: “this same message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
1996 | ACT | 13 | 43 | a58z | λυθείσης δὲ τῆς συναγωγῆς | 1 | And when the synagogue meeting had ended | This could mean: (1) this restates “As Paul and Barnabas left” in verse 42 or (2) Paul and Barnabas left the meeting before it ended and this occurs later. | |
1997 | ACT | 13 | 43 | sws7 | προσηλύτων | 1 | proselytes | These proselytes were non-Jewish people who had converted to Judaism. | |
1998 | ACT | 13 | 43 | q2aj | οἵτινες προσλαλοῦντες αὐτοῖς, ἔπειθον αὐτοὺς | 1 | who speaking to them, urged them | Alternate translation: “and Paul and Barnabas spoke to those people and urged them” | |
1999 | ACT | 13 | 43 | fv15 | figs-explicit | προσμένειν τῇ χάριτι τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | to continue in the grace of God | It is implied that they believed Paul’s message that Jesus was the Messiah. Alternate translation: “to continue to trust that God kindly forgives people’s sins because of what Jesus did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2000 | ACT | 13 | 44 | vq3y | figs-metonymy | σχεδὸν πᾶσα ἡ πόλις συνήχθη | 1 | almost the whole city was gathered together | The city represents the people in the city. This phrase is used to show the great response to the Lord’s word. Alternate translation: “almost all the people of the city were gathered together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2001 | ACT | 13 | 44 | yga7 | figs-explicit | ἀκοῦσαι τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | to hear the word of the Lord | It is implied that Paul and Barnabas were the ones who spoke the word of the Lord. Alternate translation: “to hear Paul and Barnabas speak about the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2002 | ACT | 13 | 45 | j4zq | figs-synecdoche | οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι | 1 | the Jews | Here, Jews represents Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2003 | ACT | 13 | 45 | qrh2 | figs-metaphor | ἐπλήσθησαν ζήλου | 1 | they were filled with jealousy | Here, jealousy is spoken of as if it were something that could fill up a person. Alternate translation: “they became very jealous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2004 | ACT | 13 | 45 | nc5l | ἀντέλεγον | 1 | spoke against | Alternate translation: “contradicted” or “opposed” | |
2005 | ACT | 13 | 45 | m1an | figs-activepassive | τοῖς ὑπὸ Παύλου λαλουμένοις | 1 | the things that were said by Paul | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the things that Paul said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2006 | ACT | 13 | 46 | zvt5 | figs-exclusive | ὑμῖν…ἀπωθεῖσθε…στρεφόμεθα | 1 | The first two instances of the word you are plural and refer to the Jews to whom Paul is speaking. Here the word we refers to Paul and Barnabas but not the crowd that was present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2007 | ACT | 13 | 46 | as6q | figs-explicit | ἦν ἀναγκαῖον | 1 | It was necessary for | This implies that God had commanded this be done. Alternate translation: “God commanded that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2008 | ACT | 13 | 46 | jn55 | figs-synecdoche | ὑμῖν…ἀναγκαῖον πρῶτον λαληθῆναι τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | necessary for the word of God first to be spoken to you | Here, word of God is a synecdoche for “message from God.” Alternate translation: “the message of God had to be spoken to you first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2009 | ACT | 13 | 46 | d08v | figs-activepassive | ὑμῖν…ἀναγκαῖον πρῶτον λαληθῆναι τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “necessary that we speak the message from God to you first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2010 | ACT | 13 | 46 | lly5 | figs-metaphor | ἐπειδὴ ἀπωθεῖσθε αὐτὸν | 1 | Since you reject it | Their rejection of the word of God is spoken of as if it were something they pushed away. Alternate translation: “Since you reject the word of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2011 | ACT | 13 | 46 | ms36 | οὐκ ἀξίους κρίνετε ἑαυτοὺς τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς | 1 | judge yourselves unworthy of eternal life | Alternate translation: “seem to think you are not worthy of eternal life” or “act as though you are not worthy of eternal life” | |
2012 | ACT | 13 | 46 | rf9k | figs-explicit | στρεφόμεθα εἰς τὰ ἔθνη | 1 | we will turn to the Gentiles | Paul and Barnabas were implying that they would preach to the Gentiles. Alternate translation: “we will leave you and start preaching to the Gentiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2013 | ACT | 13 | 47 | tx94 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῖν | 1 | Here the word us refers to Paul and Barnabas but not the crowd that was present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2014 | ACT | 13 | 47 | xbiw | figs-you | τέθεικά σε εἰς φῶς ἐθνῶν, τοῦ εἶναί σε εἰς σωτηρίαν ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς | 1 | Paul’s quotation is from the prophet Isaiah in the Old Testament. In the original passage, the word I refers to God and the word you is singular and refers to the Messiah. Here, Paul and Barnabas seem to be saying that the quotation also refers to their ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
2015 | ACT | 13 | 47 | v8au | figs-metaphor | εἰς φῶς | 1 | as a light | Here the truth about Jesus that Paul was preaching is spoken of as if it were a light that allowed people to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2016 | ACT | 13 | 47 | t5sp | figs-abstractnouns | εἶναί…εἰς σωτηρίαν ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς | 1 | should be for salvation as far as the end of the earth | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word salvation, you could express the same idea with the verb “to save.” The phrase end refers to everywhere. Alternate translation: “should tell people everywhere in the world that I want to save them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
2017 | ACT | 13 | 48 | e9ag | figs-metonymy | ἐδόξαζον τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | glorified the word of the Lord | Here, word refers to the message about Jesus that they had believed. Alternate translation: “praised God for the message about the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2018 | ACT | 13 | 48 | jct2 | figs-activepassive | ὅσοι ἦσαν τεταγμένοι εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον | 1 | as many as were appointed to eternal life | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as many as God appointed to eternal life” or “all the people whom God had chosen to receive eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2019 | ACT | 13 | 49 | qh9z | figs-metonymy | διεφέρετο…ὁ λόγος τοῦ Κυρίου δι’ ὅλης τῆς χώρας | 1 | the word of the Lord was being spread throughout the whole region | Here, word refers to the message about Jesus. Alternate translation: “and the message of Jesus was being spread through the whole region by those who believed spread the word of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2020 | ACT | 13 | 49 | fpkr | figs-activepassive | διεφέρετο…ὁ λόγος τοῦ Κυρίου δι’ ὅλης τῆς χώρας | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those who believed went everywhere in the region and told others about the message of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2021 | ACT | 13 | 50 | eqi5 | αὐτοὺς | 1 | Here the word them refers to Paul and Barnabas. | ||
2022 | ACT | 13 | 50 | u8rm | figs-synecdoche | οἱ…Ἰουδαῖοι | 1 | the Jews | This probably refers to the leaders of the Jews. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2023 | ACT | 13 | 50 | cf21 | παρώτρυναν | 1 | stirred up | Alternate translation: “convinced” or “urged on” | |
2024 | ACT | 13 | 50 | wmm5 | τοὺς πρώτους | 1 | the leading men | Alternate translation: “the most important men” | |
2025 | ACT | 13 | 50 | n7qe | ἐπήγειραν διωγμὸν ἐπὶ τὸν Παῦλον καὶ Βαρναβᾶν | 1 | a persecution arose against Paul and Barnabas | Alternate translation: “They convinced the important men and women to persecute Paul and Barnabas” | |
2026 | ACT | 13 | 50 | cq9h | ἐξέβαλον αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρίων αὐτῶν | 1 | threw them out from their boundaries | Alternate translation: “they removed Paul and Barnabas from their city” | |
2027 | ACT | 13 | 51 | t4bv | ἦλθον εἰς Ἰκόνιον | 1 | Connecting Statement: | This ends Paul and Barnabas’ time in Antioch of Pisidia and they go to Iconium. | |
2028 | ACT | 13 | 51 | abco | οἱ δὲ, ἐκτιναξάμενοι | 1 | But when they had shaken off | Alternate translation: “But after Paul and Silas shook off” | |
2029 | ACT | 13 | 51 | xi1z | writing-symlanguage | οἱ…ἐκτιναξάμενοι τὸν κονιορτὸν τῶν ποδῶν ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς | 1 | when they had shaken off the dust from their feet against them | This was a symbolic act to indicate to the unbelieving people that God had rejected them and would punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) |
2030 | ACT | 13 | 52 | dp5k | οἵ…μαθηταὶ | 1 | the disciples | Here, the disciples probably refers to the new believers in the Antioch of Pisidia that Paul and Silas just left. | |
2031 | ACT | 14 | intro | rsg2 | 0 | Acts 14 General NotesSpecial concepts in this chapter“The message of his grace”The message of Jesus is the message that God will show grace to those who believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) Zeus and HermesThe Gentiles in the Roman Empire worshiped many different false gods who do not really exist. Paul and Barnabas told them to believe in the “living God.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter“We must enter into the kingdom of God through many sufferings.”Jesus told his followers before he died that everyone who followed him would suffer persecution. Paul is saying the same thing using different words. | |||
2032 | ACT | 14 | 1 | vh8u | 0 | General Information: | The story of Paul and Barnabas in Iconium continues. | ||
2033 | ACT | 14 | 1 | hk1z | ἐγένετο δὲ, ἐν Ἰκονίῳ | 1 | And it happened that Iconium | This begins a new event. | |
2034 | ACT | 14 | 1 | f4sq | figs-explicit | λαλῆσαι οὕτως | 1 | spoke in such a way | It may be helpful to state that they spoke the message about Jesus. Alternate translation: “spoke the message about Jesus powerfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2035 | ACT | 14 | 2 | wc4x | οἱ…ἀπειθήσαντες Ἰουδαῖοι | 1 | the Jews who were disobedient | This refers to a portion of the Jews who did not believe the message about Jesus. | |
2036 | ACT | 14 | 2 | n2pp | figs-metaphor | ἐπήγειραν…τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ἐθνῶν | 1 | stirred up the souls of the Gentiles | Causing the Gentiles to become angry is spoken of as if calm waters were disturbed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2037 | ACT | 14 | 2 | k8mv | figs-synecdoche | τὰς ψυχὰς | 1 | the souls | Here the word souls refers to the people. Alternate translation: “the Gentiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2038 | ACT | 14 | 2 | fu13 | τῶν ἀδελφῶν | 1 | the brothers | Here, brothers refers to Paul and Barnabas and the new believers. | |
2039 | ACT | 14 | 3 | lp4v | 0 | General Information: | Here the word “He” refers to the Lord. | ||
2040 | ACT | 14 | 3 | a3gp | μὲν οὖν…διέτριψαν | 1 | So they stayed there | Paul and Barnabas stayed in Iconium to help the many people who had believed in Acts 14:1. So could be omitted if it adds confusion to the text. Alternate translation: “Nevertheless they stayed there” | |
2041 | ACT | 14 | 3 | f2xh | τῷ μαρτυροῦντι τῷ λόγῳ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ | 1 | who is testifying to the word of his grace | Alternate translation: “who demonstrated that the message about his grace was true” | |
2042 | ACT | 14 | 3 | wcn5 | τῷ λόγῳ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ | 1 | to the word of his grace | Alternate translation: “about the message of the Lord’s grace” | |
2043 | ACT | 14 | 3 | c2cv | figs-activepassive | διδόντι σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα γίνεσθαι διὰ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν | 1 | by granting signs and wonders to be done by their hands | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “by enabling Paul and Barnabas to perform signs and wonders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2044 | ACT | 14 | 3 | p9iq | figs-synecdoche | διὰ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν | 1 | by their hands | Here, hands refers to the will and effort of these two men as guided by the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “by the ministry of Paul and Barnabas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2045 | ACT | 14 | 4 | btu3 | figs-metonymy | ἐσχίσθη…τὸ πλῆθος τῆς πόλεως | 1 | the population of the city was divided | Here, population of the city refers to the people in the city. Alternate translation: “most of the people of the city were divided” or “most of the people of the city did not agree with each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2046 | ACT | 14 | 4 | smz5 | ἦσαν σὺν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις | 1 | were with the Jews | The first group mentioned did not agree with the message about grace. Alternate translation: “supported the Jews” or “agreed with the Jews” | |
2047 | ACT | 14 | 4 | q1xc | figs-ellipsis | σὺν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις | 1 | with the apostles | The second group mentioned agreed with the message about grace. It may be helpful to restate the verb. Alternate translation: “sided with the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
2048 | ACT | 14 | 4 | mw9h | τοῖς ἀποστόλοις | 1 | the apostles | Luke refers to Paul and Barnabas. Here, apostles might be used in the general sense of “ones sent out.” | |
2049 | ACT | 14 | 5 | s5h7 | 0 | General Information: | Here the word “they” refers to Paul and Barnabas. | ||
2050 | ACT | 14 | 5 | q6g2 | ὑβρίσαι καὶ λιθοβολῆσαι αὐτούς | 1 | to mistreat and stone them | Alternate translation: “to beat Paul and Barnabas and to kill them by throwing stones at them” | |
2051 | ACT | 14 | 6 | tpl1 | translate-names | τῆς Λυκαονίας | 1 | of Lycaonia | A district in Asia Minor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2052 | ACT | 14 | 6 | m5gv | translate-names | Λύστραν | 1 | Lystra | A city in Asia Minor south of Iconium and north of Derbe (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2053 | ACT | 14 | 6 | tl4q | translate-names | Δέρβην | 1 | Derbe | Derbe is a city in Asia Minor south of Iconium and Lystra (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2054 | ACT | 14 | 7 | z5nd | κἀκεῖ εὐαγγελιζόμενοι ἦσαν | 1 | and where they continued to proclaim the gospel | Alternate translation: “and where Paul and Barnabas continued to proclaim the good news” | |
2055 | ACT | 14 | 8 | wb5k | writing-participants | τις ἀνὴρ…ἐκάθητο | 1 | a certain man sat | This phrase introduces a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
2056 | ACT | 14 | 8 | kz7d | ἀδύνατος…τοῖς ποσὶν | 1 | powerless in his feet | Alternate translation: “unable to move his legs” or “unable to walk on his feet” | |
2057 | ACT | 14 | 8 | tca1 | χωλὸς ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ | 1 | lame from the womb of his mother | Alternate translation: “having been born as a cripple” | |
2058 | ACT | 14 | 9 | di49 | ὃς ἀτενίσας αὐτῷ | 1 | He looked intently at him | Alternate translation: “Paul looked straight at the man” | |
2059 | ACT | 14 | 9 | xak4 | figs-abstractnouns | ἔχει πίστιν τοῦ σωθῆναι | 1 | he has faith to be saved | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word faith, you can express it with the verb “believe”. Alternate translation: “he believed so that he could be healed” or “he believed so that he could be made well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
2060 | ACT | 14 | 9 | uwov | figs-activepassive | ἔχει πίστιν τοῦ σωθῆναι | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he believed that Jesus could heal him” or “he believed that Jesus could make him well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2061 | ACT | 14 | 10 | v1kz | ἥλατο | 1 | he jumped up | This implies that the man’s legs were completely healed. Alternate translation: “he leaped in the air” | |
2062 | ACT | 14 | 11 | axe6 | ὃ ἐποίησεν Παῦλος | 1 | what Paul had done | This refers to Paul’s healing the crippled man. | |
2063 | ACT | 14 | 11 | lvs9 | ἐπῆραν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτῶν | 1 | they raised their voice | Here, raised their voice means to speak loudly. Alternate translation: “they spoke loudly” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom) | |
2064 | ACT | 14 | 11 | d1gz | figs-explicit | οἱ θεοὶ…κατέβησαν πρὸς ἡμᾶς | 1 | The gods … have come down to us | A large number of people believed Paul and Barnabas were their pagan gods who had come down from heaven. Alternate translation: “The gods … have come down from heaven to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2065 | ACT | 14 | 11 | x3bi | Λυκαονιστὶ | 1 | in the Lycaonian language | The people of Lystra spoke Lycaonian and also Greek. Alternate translation: “in their own Lycaonian language” | |
2066 | ACT | 14 | 11 | rm85 | ὁμοιωθέντες ἀνθρώποις | 1 | being made like men | These people believed that the gods needed to change their appearance in order to look like men. | |
2067 | ACT | 14 | 12 | t7uu | translate-names | Δία | 1 | Zeus | Zeus was the king over all the other pagan gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2068 | ACT | 14 | 12 | hh25 | translate-names | Ἑρμῆν | 1 | Hermes | Hermes was the pagan god who brought messages to people from Zeus and the other gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2069 | ACT | 14 | 13 | iz6r | figs-explicit | ὅ τε ἱερεὺς τοῦ Διὸς, τοῦ ὄντος πρὸ τῆς πόλεως…ἐνέγκας | 1 | And the priest of the temple of Zeus, which was in front of the city, brought | It may be helpful to include additional information about the priest. Alternate translation: “And there was a temple just outside the city where the people worshiped Zeus. When the priest who served in the temple heard what Paul and Barnabas had done, he brought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2070 | ACT | 14 | 13 | v2a9 | ταύρους καὶ στέμματα | 1 | oxen and wreaths | The oxen were to be sacrificed. The wreaths were either to crown Paul and Barnabas, or put on the oxen for sacrifice. | |
2071 | ACT | 14 | 13 | iha1 | ἐπὶ τοὺς πυλῶνας | 1 | to the gates | The gates of the cities were often used as a meeting place for the people of the city. | |
2072 | ACT | 14 | 13 | ud37 | ἤθελεν θύειν | 1 | wanting to sacrifice | Alternate translation: “wanting to offer sacrifice to Paul and Barnabas as the gods Zeus and Hermes” | |
2073 | ACT | 14 | 14 | kt1f | οἱ ἀπόστολοι Βαρναβᾶς καὶ Παῦλος | 1 | the apostles, Barnabas and Paul | Luke is here probably using apostles in the general sense of “ones sent out.” | |
2074 | ACT | 14 | 14 | kx43 | διαρρήξαντες τὰ ἱμάτια ἑαυτῶν | 1 | they tore their clothing | This was a symbolic action to show that they were deeply distressed and upset that the crowd wanted to sacrifice to them. | |
2075 | ACT | 14 | 15 | w4fd | figs-rquestion | ἄνδρες, τί ταῦτα ποιεῖτε? | 1 | Men, why are you doing these things? | Barnabas and Paul are rebuking the people for trying to sacrifice to them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Men, you must not do these things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
2076 | ACT | 14 | 15 | f8vc | ταῦτα ποιεῖτε | 1 | are you doing these things | Alternate translation: “are you worshiping us” | |
2077 | ACT | 14 | 15 | u9pq | καὶ ἡμεῖς ὁμοιοπαθεῖς ἐσμεν ὑμῖν ἄνθρωποι | 1 | We also are men with the same feelings as you | By this statement, Barnabas and Paul are saying that they are not gods. Alternate translation: “We are just human beings like you. We are not gods!” | |
2078 | ACT | 14 | 15 | n9e4 | ὁμοιοπαθεῖς…ὑμῖν | 1 | with the same feelings as you | Alternate translation: “like you in every way” | |
2079 | ACT | 14 | 15 | n98g | figs-metaphor | ἀπὸ τούτων τῶν ματαίων ἐπιστρέφειν ἐπὶ Θεὸν ζῶντα | 1 | turn from these useless things to a living God | Here, turn from … to is a metaphor meaning to stop doing one thing and start doing something else. Alternate translation: “stop worshiping these false gods that cannot help you, and instead begin to worship the living God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2080 | ACT | 14 | 15 | qr5b | Θεὸν ζῶντα | 1 | a living God | Alternate translation: “a God who truly exists” or “a God who lives” | |
2081 | ACT | 14 | 16 | s2rn | ἐν ταῖς παρῳχημέναις γενεαῖς | 1 | In the generations gone by | Alternate translation: “In previous times” or “Until now” | |
2082 | ACT | 14 | 16 | vpt5 | figs-metaphor | πορεύεσθαι ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν | 1 | to go their own ways | Going in a way, or going along a path, is a metaphor for living one’s life. Alternate translation: “to live their lives the way they wanted to” or “to do whatever they wanted to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2083 | ACT | 14 | 17 | kig8 | figs-litotes | οὐκ ἀμάρτυρον αὑτὸν ἀφῆκεν | 1 | he did not leave himself without witness | If your readers would misunderstand the double-negative not … without, you can express it in positive form. Alternate translation: “God has certainly left a witness” or “God has indeed testified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
2084 | ACT | 14 | 17 | ps9z | figs-metonymy | ἐμπιπλῶν τροφῆς καὶ εὐφροσύνης τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν | 1 | filling your hearts with food and gladness | Here, your hearts refers to the people. Alternate translation: “giving you enough to eat and things about which to be happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2085 | ACT | 14 | 18 | ut73 | μόλις κατέπαυσαν τοὺς ὄχλους τοῦ μὴ θύειν αὐτοῖς | 1 | they barely restrained the crowds from sacrificing to them | Paul and Barnabas stopped the multitude from sacrificing to them, but it was difficult to do so. | |
2086 | ACT | 14 | 18 | la43 | μόλις κατέπαυσαν | 1 | they barely restrained | Alternate translation: “had difficulty preventing” | |
2087 | ACT | 14 | 19 | wmc2 | figs-explicit | πείσαντες τοὺς ὄχλους | 1 | persuaded the crowds | It my be helpful to explicitly state what they persuaded the crowds to do. Alternate translation: “persuaded the people not to believe Paul and Barnabas, and to turn against them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2088 | ACT | 14 | 19 | xbv3 | τοὺς ὄχλους | 1 | the crowds | These crowds may not be the same group as the “multitude” in the previous verse. Some time had passed, and this might be a different group that gathered together. | |
2089 | ACT | 14 | 19 | t8mg | νομίζοντες αὐτὸν τεθνηκέναι | 1 | thinking him to be dead | Alternate translation: “because they thought that he was already dead” | |
2090 | ACT | 14 | 20 | pan3 | τῶν μαθητῶν | 1 | the disciples | These disciples were new believers in the city of Lystra. | |
2091 | ACT | 14 | 20 | aqx3 | εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν πόλιν | 1 | he entered into the city | Alternate translation: “Paul re-entered Lystra with the believers” | |
2092 | ACT | 14 | 20 | e2y9 | ἐξῆλθεν σὺν τῷ Βαρναβᾷ εἰς Δέρβην | 1 | he went with Barnabas to Derbe | Alternate translation: “Paul and Barnabas went to the city of Derbe” | |
2093 | ACT | 14 | 21 | ykt4 | τὴν πόλιν ἐκείνην | 1 | in that city | Alternate translation: “in Derbe” (Acts 14:20) | |
2094 | ACT | 14 | 22 | rh8q | figs-exclusive | ἡμᾶς | 1 | Here the word us includes Paul, Barnabas, and the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2095 | ACT | 14 | 22 | ek9l | figs-synecdoche | ἐπιστηρίζοντες τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν μαθητῶν | 1 | They were strengthening the souls of the disciples | Here, souls refers to the disciples. This emphasizes their inner thoughts and beliefs. Alternate translation: “Paul and Barnabas urged the believers to continue to believe the message about Jesus” or “Paul and Barnabas urged the believers to continue to grow strong in their relationship with Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2096 | ACT | 14 | 22 | zkd2 | παρακαλοῦντες ἐμμένειν τῇ πίστει | 1 | and encouraging them to continue in the faith | Alternate translation: “and encouraging the believers to keep trusting in Jesus” | |
2097 | ACT | 14 | 22 | d9ic | writing-quotations | καὶ ὅτι διὰ πολλῶν θλίψεων, δεῖ ἡμᾶς εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | and saying, “It is necessary for us to enter into the kingdom of God through many afflictions.” | Some version translate this as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “and saying that we must enter into the kingdom of God through many sufferings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) |
2098 | ACT | 14 | 22 | wu1c | figs-exclusive | δεῖ ἡμᾶς εἰσελθεῖν | 1 | It is necessary for us to enter | Paul includes his hearers, so the word us is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
2099 | ACT | 14 | 23 | pk5l | χειροτονήσαντες…παρέθεντο…πεπιστεύκεισαν | 1 | The first two occurrences of they here refer to Paul and Barnabas. The third occurrence of they refers to the people that Paul and Barnabas had led to the Lord. | ||
2100 | ACT | 14 | 23 | mqp9 | χειροτονήσαντες δὲ αὐτοῖς κατ’ ἐκκλησίαν πρεσβυτέρους | 1 | And when they had appointed for them elders in every church | Alternate translation: “And when Paul and Barnabas had appointed leaders in each new group of believers” | |
2101 | ACT | 14 | 23 | nd87 | παρέθεντο αὐτοὺς | 1 | they entrusted them | This could mean: (1) “Paul and Barnabas entrusted the elders they had appointed” or (2) “Paul and Barnabas entrusted the leaders and other believers” | |
2102 | ACT | 14 | 23 | ls62 | εἰς ὃν πεπιστεύκεισαν | 1 | in whom they had believed | Who they refers to depends on your choice for the meaning of “them” in the previous note (either elders or leaders and other believers). | |
2103 | ACT | 14 | 25 | t513 | figs-metonymy | καὶ λαλήσαντες ἐν Πέργῃ τὸν λόγον | 1 | And when they had spoken the word in Perga | Here, word is a metonym for “message of God.” Alternate translation: “And when they had spoken the message about Jesus in Perga” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2104 | ACT | 14 | 25 | h8sh | κατέβησαν εἰς Ἀττάλιαν | 1 | they went down to Attalia | The phrase went down is used here because Attalia is lower in elevation than Perga. | |
2105 | ACT | 14 | 26 | f2cg | ὅθεν ἦσαν παραδεδομένοι τῇ χάριτι τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | where they had been commended to the grace of God | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “where believers and leaders in Antioch had commended Paul and Barnabas to the grace of God” or “where the people of Antioch prayed that God would care for and protect Paul and Barnabas” | |
2106 | ACT | 14 | 27 | vcd3 | παραγενόμενοι…ἀνήγγελλον…αὐτῶν…ἤνοιξεν | 1 | Here the words they and them refer to Paul and Barnabas. The word he refers to God. | ||
2107 | ACT | 14 | 27 | i9dv | συναγαγόντες τὴν ἐκκλησίαν | 1 | gathered together the church | Alternate translation: “called the local believers to meet together” | |
2108 | ACT | 14 | 27 | b4id | figs-metaphor | ἤνοιξεν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν θύραν πίστεως | 1 | he had opened a door of faith for the Gentiles | God’s enabling the Gentiles to believe is spoken of as if he had opened a door that had prevented them from entering into faith. Alternate translation: “God had made it possible for the Gentiles to believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2109 | ACT | 14 | 28 | abcq | figs-litotes | χρόνον οὐκ ὀλίγον | 1 | for not a little time | This phrase is a litotes. The words not and a little together mean “a lot.” Alternate translation: “for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
2110 | ACT | 15 | intro | h917 | 0 | Acts 15 General NotesStructure and formattingSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 15:16-17. The meeting that Luke describes in this chapter is commonly called the “Jerusalem Council.” This was a time when many church leaders got together to decide if believers needed to obey the whole law of Moses. Special concepts in this chapterBrothersIn this chapter Luke begins to use the word “brothers” to refer to fellow Christians instead of fellow Jews. Obeying the law of MosesSome believers wanted the Gentiles to be circumcised because God had told Abraham and Moses that everyone who wanted to belong to him had to be circumcised and that this was a law that would always exist. But Paul and Barnabas had seen God give uncircumcised Gentiles the gift of the Holy Spirit, so they did not want the Gentiles to be circumcised. Both groups went to Jerusalem to have the church leaders decide what they should do. “Abstain from things sacrificed to idols, blood, things strangled, and from sexual immorality”It is possible that the church leaders decided on these laws so that Jews and Gentiles could not only live together but eat the same foods together. | |||
2111 | ACT | 15 | 1 | qck6 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul and Barnabas are still in Antioch when there is a dispute about the Gentiles and circumcision. | ||
2112 | ACT | 15 | 1 | su66 | figs-explicit | τινες | 1 | certain ones | You can make explicit that these men were Jews who believed in Christ. Alternate translation: “some men who believed in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2113 | ACT | 15 | 1 | p3k9 | κατελθόντες ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας | 1 | coming down from Judea | The phrase coming down is used here because Judea is higher in elevation than Antioch. | |
2114 | ACT | 15 | 1 | zi1n | figs-explicit | ἐδίδασκον τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς | 1 | taught the brothers | Here, brothers stands for believers in Christ. It is implied that they were in Antioch. Alternate translation: “taught the believers at Antioch” or “were teaching the believers at Antioch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2115 | ACT | 15 | 1 | pm8h | figs-activepassive | ἐὰν μὴ περιτμηθῆτε τῷ ἔθει τῷ Μωϋσέως, οὐ δύνασθε σωθῆναι | 1 | Unless you are circumcised in the custom of Moses, you are not able to be saved | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Unless someone circumcises you in the custom of Moses, God cannot save you” or “God will not save you from your sins unless you receive circumcision according to the law of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2116 | ACT | 15 | 2 | abcr | figs-litotes | στάσεως καὶ ζητήσεως οὐκ ὀλίγης | 1 | not a little dispute and debate | This phrase is a litotes. The words not and a little together mean “a lot.” Alternate translation: “a sharp dispute and debate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
2117 | ACT | 15 | 2 | f9nd | figs-abstractnouns | στάσεως καὶ ζητήσεως οὐκ ὀλίγης | 1 | not a little dispute and debate | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words dispute and debate, you could express the same ideas with verbs and where the men came from can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “strongly confronted and debated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
2118 | ACT | 15 | 2 | ek6a | ἀναβαίνειν…εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ | 1 | to go up … in Jerusalem | Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem. | |
2119 | ACT | 15 | 2 | z983 | τοῦ ζητήματος τούτου | 1 | this question | Alternate translation: “this issue” | |
2120 | ACT | 15 | 3 | av5y | figs-activepassive | οἱ μὲν οὖν προπεμφθέντες ὑπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας | 1 | Therefore, the ones who had been sent by the church | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Therefore the community of believers sent them from Antioch to Jerusalem, and they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2121 | ACT | 15 | 3 | aia5 | figs-metonymy | προπεμφθέντες ὑπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας | 1 | who had been sent by the church | Here, church refers to the people that were a part of the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2122 | ACT | 15 | 3 | i5kd | διήρχοντο τήν τε Φοινίκην καὶ Σαμάρειαν, ἐκδιηγούμενοι | 1 | passed through both Phoenicia and Samaria announcing | The words passed through and announcing indicate they spent some time in different places sharing in detail what God was doing. | |
2123 | ACT | 15 | 3 | rk37 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐκδιηγούμενοι τὴν ἐπιστροφὴν τῶν ἐθνῶν | 1 | announcing the conversion of the Gentiles | Here, conversion means the Gentiles were rejecting their false gods and believing in God. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word conversion, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “announced to the community of believers in those places that Gentiles were believing in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
2124 | ACT | 15 | 3 | nje7 | figs-metaphor | ἐποίουν χαρὰν μεγάλην πᾶσι τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς | 1 | they brought great joy to all the brothers | Their message causing the brothers to be joyful is spoken of as if joy were an object that they brought to the brothers. Alternate translation: “what they said caused their fellow believers to rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2125 | ACT | 15 | 3 | bbd4 | πᾶσι τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς | 1 | to all the brothers | Here, brothers refers to fellow believers. | |
2126 | ACT | 15 | 4 | ej1r | figs-activepassive | παρεδέχθησαν ὑπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας, καὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων, καὶ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων | 1 | they were welcomed by the church, and the apostles, and the elders | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the apostles, the elders, and the rest of the community of believers welcomed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2127 | ACT | 15 | 4 | a2x1 | μετ’ αὐτῶν | 1 | with them | Alternate translation: “through them” | |
2128 | ACT | 15 | 5 | efe5 | αὐτοὺς, παραγγέλλειν | 1 | Here both occurrences of the word them refers to non-Jewish believers who were not circumcised and did not keep the Old Testament laws of God. | ||
2129 | ACT | 15 | 5 | k6k7 | δέ τινες | 1 | But certain ones | Here Luke uses the word But to contrast those who believe that salvation is only in Jesus to others who believe salvation is by Jesus yet also believe that circumcision is required for salvation. | |
2130 | ACT | 15 | 5 | b9nt | τηρεῖν τὸν νόμον Μωϋσέως | 1 | to keep the law of Moses | Alternate translation: “to obey the law of Moses” | |
2131 | ACT | 15 | 6 | ugu6 | ἰδεῖν περὶ τοῦ λόγου τούτου | 1 | to see about this matter | The church leaders decided to discuss whether or not Gentiles needed to be circumcised and obey the law of Moses in order for God to save them from their sins. | |
2132 | ACT | 15 | 7 | wct8 | figs-you | αὐτούς…ὑμεῖς…ὑμῖν | 1 | The word them refers to apostles and elders (Acts 15:6). Both occurrences of you are plural and refer to the apostles and elders present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
2133 | ACT | 15 | 7 | hxu9 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Peter begins to speak to the apostles and elders who met to discuss whether Gentiles had to receive circumcision and keep the law (Acts 15:5-6). | ||
2134 | ACT | 15 | 7 | a6q9 | ἀδελφοί | 1 | brothers | Peter is addressing all of the believers who were present. | |
2135 | ACT | 15 | 7 | s3wb | figs-synecdoche | διὰ τοῦ στόματός μου | 1 | by my mouth | Here, my mouth refers to Peter. Alternate translation: “from me” or “by me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2136 | ACT | 15 | 7 | yer1 | ἀκοῦσαι τὰ ἔθνη | 1 | the Gentiles to hear | Alternate translation: “that the Gentiles would hear” | |
2137 | ACT | 15 | 7 | b5s8 | figs-metonymy | τὸν λόγον τοῦ εὐαγγελίου | 1 | the word of the gospel | Here, word stands for a message. Alternate translation: “the message about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2138 | ACT | 15 | 8 | m1xc | figs-metonymy | καρδιογνώστης | 1 | who knows the heart | Here, heart refers to the “minds” or “inner beings.” Alternate translation: “who knows the people’s minds” or “who knows what people think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2139 | ACT | 15 | 8 | p6d2 | ἐμαρτύρησεν αὐτοῖς | 1 | testified to them | Alternate translation: “witnesses to the Gentiles” | |
2140 | ACT | 15 | 8 | i1gc | δοὺς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον | 1 | giving them the Holy Spirit | Alternate translation: “causing the Holy Spirit to come upon them” | |
2141 | ACT | 15 | 8 | abcs | figs-ellipsis | καθὼς καὶ ἡμῖν | 1 | just as also to us | Here Luke expects his readers to understand the words “he gave” that he leaves out. Alternate translation: “just as he also gave to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
2142 | ACT | 15 | 8 | wlzx | figs-exclusive | ἡμῖν | 1 | Here, us is plural and refers to Peter, the apostles and elders, and all Jewish believers in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2143 | ACT | 15 | 9 | zs2g | οὐδὲν διέκρινεν | 1 | he did not distinguish | God did not treat Jewish believers different from Gentile believers. | |
2144 | ACT | 15 | 9 | ase1 | figs-metaphor | τῇ πίστει καθαρίσας τὰς καρδίας αὐτῶν | 1 | having made their hearts clean by faith | God’s forgiving the Gentile believers’ sins is spoken as though he literally cleaned their hearts. Alternate translation: “forgiving their sins because they believed in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2145 | ACT | 15 | 9 | yi8r | figs-metonymy | τῇ πίστει καθαρίσας τὰς καρδίας αὐτῶν | 1 | Here, heart stands for the person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “forgiving them because they believed in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2146 | ACT | 15 | 10 | ha45 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν…ἡμεῖς | 1 | Peter includes his audience by his use of our and we. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2147 | ACT | 15 | 10 | rfr4 | νῦν | 1 | Now | Here, Now does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. | |
2148 | ACT | 15 | 10 | zaz6 | figs-rquestion | τί πειράζετε τὸν Θεόν, ἐπιθεῖναι ζυγὸν ἐπὶ τὸν τράχηλον τῶν μαθητῶν, ὃν οὔτε οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν οὔτε ἡμεῖς ἰσχύσαμεν βαστάσαι? | 1 | why are you testing God, to put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? | Peter uses this question to convict the disciples. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “do not test God by putting a yoke on the neck of the non-Jewish believers which we Jews were not able to bear!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
2149 | ACT | 15 | 10 | qpyd | figs-metaphor | ἐπιθεῖναι ζυγὸν ἐπὶ τὸν τράχηλον τῶν μαθητῶν | 1 | Peter uses a word picture to tell the Jewish believers they should not require the non-Jewish believers to perform circumcision to be saved. Alternate translation: “putting a burden on the non-Jewish believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2150 | ACT | 15 | 10 | bfd5 | οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν | 1 | our fathers | Here, our fathers refers to their Jewish ancestors. | |
2151 | ACT | 15 | 11 | q28c | figs-activepassive | ἀλλὰ διὰ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ, πιστεύομεν σωθῆναι καθ’ ὃν τρόπον κἀκεῖνοι | 1 | But we believe to be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, and they according to that same manner | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “But we believe the Lord Jesus shall save us by his grace, just as he saved the non-Jewish believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2152 | ACT | 15 | 12 | um1p | αὐτῶν | 1 | Here the word them refers to Paul and Barnabas. | ||
2153 | ACT | 15 | 12 | d1uc | πᾶν τὸ πλῆθος | 1 | all the crowd | See how you translated this phrase in (Acts 15:6) Alternate translation: “everyone” or “the whole group” | |
2154 | ACT | 15 | 12 | uks6 | ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς | 1 | God had worked | Alternate translation: “God had done” or “God had caused” | |
2155 | ACT | 15 | 13 | vb25 | αὐτοὺς | 1 | Here the word they refers to Paul and Barnabas (Acts 15:12). | ||
2156 | ACT | 15 | 13 | l7mp | 0 | Connecting Statement: | James begins to speak to the apostles and elders (Acts 15:6). | ||
2157 | ACT | 15 | 13 | pl6m | ἀδελφοί, ἀκούσατέ | 1 | brothers, listen | James was probably speaking only to men. Alternate translation: “fellow believers, listen” | |
2158 | ACT | 15 | 14 | abct | ἐπεσκέψατο, λαβεῖν ἐξ ἐθνῶν | 1 | concerned himself to take from the Gentiles | Alternate translation: “graciously helped the Gentiles by taking out of them” | |
2159 | ACT | 15 | 14 | s9dn | λαβεῖν ἐξ ἐθνῶν λαὸν | 1 | to take from them a people | Alternate translation: “so that he might choose from among them a people” | |
2160 | ACT | 15 | 14 | pnr9 | figs-metonymy | τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ | 1 | for his name | Here, name refers to God. Alternate translation: “for himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2161 | ACT | 15 | 15 | ibb2 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | In verses 16-18, James quotes the prophet Amos from the Old Testament. | ||
2162 | ACT | 15 | 15 | am6y | figs-metonymy | τούτῳ συμφωνοῦσιν οἱ λόγοι τῶν προφητῶν | 1 | this agrees with the words of the prophets | Here, words stands for a message. Alternate translation: “what the prophets said agrees” or “the prophets agree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2163 | ACT | 15 | 15 | nbi1 | τούτῳ συμφωνοῦσιν | 1 | this agrees with | Alternate translation: “this confirms” | |
2164 | ACT | 15 | 15 | j4f5 | figs-activepassive | καθὼς γέγραπται | 1 | just as it is written | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “just as they wrote” or “just as the prophet Amos wrote long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2165 | ACT | 15 | 16 | h9um | ἀναστρέψω…ἀνοικοδομήσω…ἀνοικοδομήσω | 1 | Here I refers to God who spoke through the words of his prophet. | ||
2166 | ACT | 15 | 16 | f5wf | figs-metaphor | ἀνοικοδομήσω τὴν σκηνὴν Δαυεὶδ τὴν πεπτωκυῖαν, καὶ τὰ κατεστραμμένα αὐτῆς, ἀνοικοδομήσω καὶ ἀνορθώσω αὐτήν | 1 | I will build again the tent of David, which has fallen down; and I will rebuild its ruins and will restore it | This speaks of God’s again choosing one of David’s descendants to rule over his people as though he were setting up a tent again after it fell down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2167 | ACT | 15 | 16 | ist8 | figs-metonymy | τὴν σκηνὴν Δαυεὶδ | 1 | the tent of David | Here, tent stands for David’s family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2168 | ACT | 15 | 17 | sm79 | figs-metaphor | ἐκζητήσωσιν οἱ κατάλοιποι τῶν ἀνθρώπων τὸν Κύριον | 1 | the remnant of men may seek the Lord | This speaks about people wanting to obey God and learn more about him as if they were literally looking for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2169 | ACT | 15 | 17 | hkw1 | figs-gendernotations | κατάλοιποι τῶν ἀνθρώπων | 1 | remnant of men | Here, men includes males and females. Alternate translation: “remnant of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
2170 | ACT | 15 | 17 | pe4l | figs-123person | ἐκζητήσωσιν…τὸν Κύριον | 1 | may seek the Lord | God is speaking about himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “may seek me, the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
2171 | ACT | 15 | 17 | tu21 | figs-activepassive | καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, ἐφ’ οὓς ἐπικέκληται τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐπ’ αὐτούς | 1 | including all the Gentiles upon whom my name has been called upon them | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “including all the Gentiles who belong to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2172 | ACT | 15 | 17 | c8gm | figs-metonymy | τὸ ὄνομά μου | 1 | my name | Here, my name stands for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2173 | ACT | 15 | 18 | tr27 | figs-activepassive | γνωστὰ | 1 | known | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that people have known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2174 | ACT | 15 | 19 | pyb9 | figs-explicit | μὴ παρενοχλεῖν τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν, ἐπιστρέφουσιν ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν | 1 | not to trouble those from the Gentiles who are turning to God | You can make explicit in what way James does not want to trouble the Gentiles. Alternate translation: “we should not require the Gentiles who are believing in God to become circumcised and to obey the laws of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2175 | ACT | 15 | 19 | vr6u | figs-metaphor | ἐπιστρέφουσιν ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν | 1 | who are turning to God | A person who starts obeying God is spoken of as if the person is physically turning towards God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2176 | ACT | 15 | 20 | wx8f | ἀπέχεσθαι τῶν ἀλισγημάτων τῶν εἰδώλων, καὶ τῆς πορνείας, καὶ τοῦ πνικτοῦ, καὶ τοῦ αἵματος | 1 | to keep away from the pollution of idols, and sexual immorality, and things that are strangled, and blood | Sexual immorality, strangling animals, and consuming blood were often part of ceremonies to worship idols and false gods. | |
2177 | ACT | 15 | 20 | n6f2 | figs-explicit | ἀλισγημάτων τῶν εἰδώλων | 1 | pollution of idols | This phrase possibly refers to eating the meat of an animal that someone has sacrificed to an idol or to anything to do with idol worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2178 | ACT | 15 | 20 | j2rl | figs-explicit | τοῦ πνικτοῦ, καὶ τοῦ αἵματος | 1 | things that are strangled, and blood | God did not allow Jews to eat meat that still had the blood in it. Also, even earlier in Moses’ writings in Genesis, God had forbidden the drinking of blood. Therefore, they could not eat an animal that someone strangled because the blood was not properly drained from the body of the animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2179 | ACT | 15 | 21 | si1h | figs-explicit | Μωϋσῆς γὰρ ἐκ γενεῶν ἀρχαίων κατὰ πόλιν τοὺς κηρύσσοντας αὐτὸν, ἔχει ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς κατὰ πᾶν Σάββατον ἀναγινωσκόμενος. | 1 | For Moses has in every city, from ancient generations, those proclaiming him, being read in the synagogues every Sabbath | James is implying that Gentiles know how important these rules are because Jews preach them in every city where there is a synagogue. It also implies the Gentiles can go to the teachers from the synagogues to learn more about these rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2180 | ACT | 15 | 21 | zd7t | figs-metonymy | Μωϋσῆς | 1 | Moses | Here, Moses represents the law of Moses. Alternate translation: “the law of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2181 | ACT | 15 | 21 | wp1s | figs-activepassive | Μωϋσῆς…ἐκ γενεῶν ἀρχαίων κατὰ πόλιν τοὺς κηρύσσοντας αὐτὸν, ἔχει | 1 | Moses has in every city, from ancient generations, those proclaiming him | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “there are Jews in every city, from ancient generations, who are proclaiming the law of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2182 | ACT | 15 | 21 | xg5n | figs-hyperbole | κατὰ πόλιν | 1 | in every city | The word every here is a generalization. Alternate translation: “in many cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
2183 | ACT | 15 | 22 | hp6j | figs-metonymy | ὅλῃ τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ | 1 | the whole church | Here, church refers to the people who are a part of the church in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the church in Jerusalem” or “the whole community of believers in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2184 | ACT | 15 | 22 | c711 | translate-names | Ἰούδαν τὸν καλούμενον Βαρσαββᾶν | 1 | Judas called Barsabbas | Judas is the name of a man. Barsabbas is a second name that people called him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2185 | ACT | 15 | 23 | e4g2 | οἱ ἀπόστολοι καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι, ἀδελφοὶ, τοῖς κατὰ τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν, καὶ Συρίαν, καὶ Κιλικίαν, ἀδελφοῖς τοῖς ἐξ ἐθνῶν, χαίρειν | 1 | The apostles and the elders, brothers, to those throughout Antioch and Syria and Cilicia, who are brothers from among the Gentiles. Greetings | This is the introduction of the letter. Your language may have a way of introducing the author of the letter and to whom it is written. Alternate translation: “This letter is from your brothers, the apostles and elders. We are writing to you Gentile believers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia. Greetings to you” or “To our Gentile brothers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia. Greetings from the apostles and elders, your brothers” | |
2186 | ACT | 15 | 23 | kp51 | ἀδελφοὶ…ἀδελφοῖς | 1 | brothers … brothers | Here both instances of the word brothers refer to fellow believers. By using these words, the apostles and elders assure the Gentile believers that they accept them as fellow believers. | |
2187 | ACT | 15 | 23 | php8 | translate-names | Κιλικίαν | 1 | Cilicia | Cilicia is the name of a province on the coast in Asia Minor north of the Island of Cyprus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2188 | ACT | 15 | 24 | g8m9 | figs-exclusive | ὑμᾶς…οὐ διεστειλάμεθα | 1 | Here us and we refer to the believers in the church in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and Acts 15:22) | |
2189 | ACT | 15 | 24 | p1tl | ὅτι τινὲς | 1 | that certain ones | Alternate translation: “that some men” | |
2190 | ACT | 15 | 24 | kh16 | οἷς οὐ διεστειλάμεθα | 1 | who were not ordered by us | Alternate translation: “even though we gave no orders for them to go” | |
2191 | ACT | 15 | 24 | bxq8 | figs-synecdoche | ἐτάραξαν ὑμᾶς λόγοις ἀνασκευάζοντες τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν | 1 | to disturb you with teachings that are upsetting your souls | Here, souls refers to the people. Alternate translation: “to teach things that have troubled you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2192 | ACT | 15 | 25 | c3dl | ἐκλεξαμένοις ἄνδρας | 1 | chosen men | The men they sent were Judas called Barsabbas and Silas (Acts 15:22). | |
2193 | ACT | 15 | 26 | t7vw | figs-metonymy | ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ | Here, name refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “because they believe in our Lord Jesus Christ” or “because they serve our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2194 | ACT | 15 | 27 | j1jb | figs-exclusive | 0 | General Information: | Here the word we refers to the leaders and believers in the church in Jerusalem (Acts 15:22). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2195 | ACT | 15 | 27 | xw8l | figs-explicit | αὐτοὺς διὰ λόγου ἀπαγγέλλοντας τὰ αὐτά | 1 | they are reporting to you the same thing in words | This phrase emphasizes that Judas and Silas will say the same things that the apostles and elders had written. Alternate translation: “they themselves will tell you the same things about which we have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2196 | ACT | 15 | 28 | l9z6 | figs-metaphor | μηδὲν πλέον ἐπιτίθεσθαι ὑμῖν βάρος, πλὴν τούτων τῶν ἐπάναγκες | 1 | to be laid upon you no greater burden than these necessary things | This speaks about laws that people need to obey as if they were objects that people carry on their shoulders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2197 | ACT | 15 | 29 | nt7s | εἰδωλοθύτων | 1 | things sacrificed to idols | This means they are not allowed to eat the meat of an animal that someone sacrifices to an idol. | |
2198 | ACT | 15 | 29 | vcc6 | figs-explicit | αἵματος | 1 | blood | This refers to drinking blood or eating meat from which the blood has not been drained. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2199 | ACT | 15 | 29 | rt55 | πνικτῶν | 1 | things strangled | A strangled animal was killed but its blood was not drained. | |
2200 | ACT | 15 | 29 | buy9 | ἔρρωσθε | 1 | Farewell | The word Farewell announces the end of the letter. Alternate translation: “Goodbye” | |
2201 | ACT | 15 | 30 | khi8 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul, Barnabas, Judas, and Silas leave for Antioch. | ||
2202 | ACT | 15 | 30 | c3uk | οἱ μὲν οὖν ἀπολυθέντες, κατῆλθον εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν | 1 | So when they were dismissed, they came down to Antioch | The word they refers to Paul, Barnabas, Judas, and Silas. Alternate translation: “So when the four men were dismissed, they came down to Antioch” | |
2203 | ACT | 15 | 30 | usz6 | figs-activepassive | οἱ…ἀπολυθέντες | 1 | when they were dismissed | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when the apostles and elders dismissed the four men” or “when the believers in Jerusalem sent them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2204 | ACT | 15 | 30 | t55a | κατῆλθον εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν | 1 | they came down to Antioch | The phrase came down is used here because Antioch is lower in elevation than Jerusalem. | |
2205 | ACT | 15 | 31 | k1mr | ἐχάρησαν | 1 | they rejoiced | Alternate translation: “the believers in Antioch rejoiced” | |
2206 | ACT | 15 | 31 | e4gf | figs-abstractnouns | ἐπὶ τῇ παρακλήσει | 1 | because of the encouragement | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word encouragement, you could express the same idea with the verb “encourage.” Alternate translation: “because what the apostles and elders wrote encouraged them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
2207 | ACT | 15 | 32 | r65l | καὶ αὐτοὶ προφῆται ὄντες | 1 | also being prophets themselves | Prophets were teachers authorized by God to speak for him. Alternate translation: “because they were also prophets” or “who were also prophets” | |
2208 | ACT | 15 | 32 | e2en | τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς | 1 | the brothers | Alternate translation: “the fellow believers” | |
2209 | ACT | 15 | 32 | j99g | figs-metaphor | ἐπεστήριξαν | 1 | strengthened them | Helping someone to depend even more on Jesus is spoken of as if they were making them physically stronger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2210 | ACT | 15 | 33 | y2ls | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Judas and Silas return to Jerusalem while Paul and Barnabas remain in Antioch. | ||
2211 | ACT | 15 | 33 | v7pj | figs-metaphor | ποιήσαντες δὲ χρόνον | 1 | And after they had spent time there | This speaks about time as if it were a commodity that a person could spend. The word they refers to Judas and Silas. Alternate translation: “And after they stayed there for a while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2212 | ACT | 15 | 33 | v6im | figs-activepassive | ἀπελύθησαν μετ’ εἰρήνης ἀπὸ τῶν ἀδελφῶν | 1 | they were sent away with peace from the brothers | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the brothers sent Judas and Silas back in peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2213 | ACT | 15 | 33 | wzw4 | τῶν ἀδελφῶν | 1 | the brothers | Here, the brothers refers to the believers in Antioch. | |
2214 | ACT | 15 | 33 | xv3h | πρὸς τοὺς ἀποστείλαντας αὐτούς | 1 | to those who had sent them | See how you translated this in (Acts 15:22) Alternate translation: “to the believers in Jerusalem who sent Judas and Silas” | |
2215 | ACT | 15 | 35 | e7s4 | figs-metonymy | τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | the word of the Lord | Here, word stands for a message. Alternate translation: “the message about the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2216 | ACT | 15 | 36 | k6c6 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul and Barnabas go on separate journeys. | ||
2217 | ACT | 15 | 36 | i1n5 | ἐπιστρέψαντες δὴ | 1 | Returning, then | Alternate translation: “On our way back to Antioch” or “As we are going back” | |
2218 | ACT | 15 | 36 | ib2j | ἐπισκεψώμεθα τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς | 1 | let us visit the brothers | Alternate translation: “let us care for the brothers” or “we should offer to help the believers” | |
2219 | ACT | 15 | 36 | ua1f | figs-metonymy | τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | the word of the Lord | Here, word stands for the message. Alternate translation: “the message about the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2220 | ACT | 15 | 36 | y9i9 | πῶς ἔχουσιν | 1 | how they are | They want to learn about the current condition of the brothers and how they are holding on to God’s truth. Alternate translation: “to learn how they are doing” | |
2221 | ACT | 15 | 38 | a5nn | figs-litotes | Παῦλος…ἠξίου…μὴ συνπαραλαμβάνειν τοῦτον | 1 | Paul thought it wise not to take along him | The words wise not are used to say the opposite of wise. Alternate translation: “Paul thought that taking Mark along would be foolish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
2222 | ACT | 15 | 38 | ht3k | Παμφυλίας | 1 | Pamphylia | Pamphylia was a province in Asia Minor. See how you translated this in Acts 2:10. | |
2223 | ACT | 15 | 38 | ln7w | μὴ συνελθόντα αὐτοῖς εἰς τὸ ἔργον | 1 | did not go with them in the work | Alternate translation: “did not continue to work with them” or “did not continue to serve with them” | |
2224 | ACT | 15 | 39 | u97a | figs-abstractnouns | ἐγένετο δὲ παροξυσμὸς, ὥστε ἀποχωρισθῆναι αὐτοὺς ἀπ’ ἀλλήλων | 1 | And there arose a sharp disagreement, so as to separate them from each other | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word disagreement, you could express the same idea with the verb “disagree.” Alternate translation: “And they so strongly disagreed with each other that they separated from each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
2225 | ACT | 15 | 40 | l2uq | figs-activepassive | παραδοθεὶς τῇ χάριτι τοῦ Κυρίου ὑπὸ τῶν ἀδελφῶν | 1 | after he had been entrusted by the brothers to the grace of the Lord | To entrust to someone means to place the care and responsibility for someone or something to another person. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “after the believers in Antioch entrusted Paul to the grace of the Lord” or “after the believers in Antioch prayed for the Lord to take care of Paul and show kindness to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2226 | ACT | 15 | 41 | e3ym | figs-explicit | διήρχετο | 1 | he went through | The previous sentence implies that Silas was with Paul. Alternate translation: “they went through” or “Paul and Silas went all around in” or “Paul took Silas and went throughout” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2227 | ACT | 15 | 41 | t81z | τὴν Συρίαν καὶ τὴν Κιλικίαν | 1 | Syria and Cilicia | Syria and Cilicia are provinces or areas in Asia Minor, near the island of Cyprus. | |
2228 | ACT | 15 | 41 | tbv3 | figs-metaphor | ἐπιστηρίζων τὰς ἐκκλησίας | 1 | strengthening the churches | Encouraging the believers in the churches is spoken of as though Paul and Silas were making the believers physically stronger. Alternate translation: “encouraging the believers in the churches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2229 | ACT | 15 | 41 | s7yf | figs-metonymy | ἐπιστηρίζων τὰς ἐκκλησίας | 1 | The word churches refers to the groups of believers in Syria and Cilicia. Alternate translation: “helping the community of believers to depend even more in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2230 | ACT | 16 | intro | e7z2 | 0 | Acts 16 General NotesSpecial concepts in this chapterTimothy’s circumcisionPaul circumcised Timothy because they were telling the message of Jesus to Jews and Gentiles. Paul wanted the Jews to know that he respected the law of Moses even though the church leaders in Jerusalem had decided that Christians did not need to be circumcised. The woman who had a spirit of divinationMost people want very much to know the future, but the law of Moses said that speaking with the spirits of dead people to learn about the future is a sin. This woman seems to have been able to tell the future very well. She was a slave, and her masters made much money from her work. Paul wanted her to stop sinning, so he told the spirit to leave her. Luke does not say that she began to follow Jesus or tell us anything more about her. | |||
2231 | ACT | 16 | 1 | km5q | figs-go | κατήντησεν…καὶ | 1 | Paul also came down | This continues the missionary journeys of Paul with Silas. Here, came can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) |
2232 | ACT | 16 | 1 | f49m | writing-background | μαθητής τις ἦν ἐκεῖ ὀνόματι Τιμόθεος, υἱὸς γυναικὸς Ἰουδαίας πιστῆς, πατρὸς δὲ Ἕλληνος | 1 | Timothy is introduced into the story and joins Paul and Silas. Verses 1 and 2 give background information about Timothy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) | |
2233 | ACT | 16 | 1 | d4ka | Δέρβην | 1 | Derbe | Derbe is the name of a city in Asia Minor. See how you translated it in Acts 14:6. | |
2234 | ACT | 16 | 1 | u3vr | ἰδοὺ | 1 | behold | The word behold alerts us to a new person in the narrative. Your language may have a way of doing this. | |
2235 | ACT | 16 | 1 | wxl8 | figs-ellipsis | γυναικὸς Ἰουδαίας πιστῆς | 1 | a believing Jewish woman | The words “in Christ” are understood. Alternate translation: “a Jewish woman who believed in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
2236 | ACT | 16 | 2 | t1lu | figs-activepassive | ὃς ἐμαρτυρεῖτο ὑπὸ τῶν…ἀδελφῶν | 1 | He was well spoken of by the brothers | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “The brothers spoke well of him” or “Timothy had a good reputation among the brothers” or “The brothers said good things about him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2237 | ACT | 16 | 2 | rez2 | ὑπὸ τῶν…ἀδελφῶν | 1 | by the brothers | Here, brothers refers to believers. Alternate translation: “by the believers” | |
2238 | ACT | 16 | 3 | p6z8 | περιέτεμεν αὐτὸν | 1 | he circumcised him | It is possible that Paul himself circumcised Timothy, but it is more likely that he had someone else circumcise Timothy. | |
2239 | ACT | 16 | 3 | za93 | διὰ τοὺς Ἰουδαίους τοὺς ὄντας ἐν τοῖς τόποις ἐκείνοις | 1 | because of the Jews who were in those places | Alternate translation: “because of the Jews living in the areas where Paul and Timothy would be traveling” | |
2240 | ACT | 16 | 3 | hk2l | figs-explicit | ᾔδεισαν γὰρ ἅπαντες, ὅτι Ἕλλην ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ὑπῆρχεν | 1 | for they all knew that his father was a Greek | Since Greek men did not have their sons circumcised, the Jews would have known Timothy was not circumcised, and they would have rejected Paul and Timothy before hearing their message about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2241 | ACT | 16 | 4 | n46i | διεπορεύοντο…παρεδίδοσαν | 1 | The word they here refers to Paul, Silas (Acts 15:40), and Timothy (Acts 16:3). | ||
2242 | ACT | 16 | 4 | bu6r | αὐτοῖς φυλάσσειν | 1 | for them to keep | Alternate translation: “for the church members to obey” or “for the believers to obey” | |
2243 | ACT | 16 | 4 | gpi3 | figs-activepassive | τὰ κεκριμένα ὑπὸ τῶν ἀποστόλων καὶ πρεσβυτέρων τῶν ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις | 1 | that had been decided by the apostles and elders who were in Jerusalem | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that the apostles and elders in Jerusalem had written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2244 | ACT | 16 | 5 | q8v9 | figs-activepassive | αἱ…ἐκκλησίαι ἐστερεοῦντο τῇ πίστει, καὶ ἐπερίσσευον τῷ ἀριθμῷ καθ’ ἡμέραν | 1 | the churches were being strengthened in the faith and were increasing in number each day | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the believers became stronger in their faith, and there were more and more people becoming believers every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2245 | ACT | 16 | 5 | lv4f | figs-metaphor | αἱ…ἐκκλησίαι ἐστερεοῦντο τῇ πίστει | 1 | the churches were being strengthened in the faith | This speaks of helping someone to believe more confidently as if it were making them physically stronger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2246 | ACT | 16 | 6 | g97e | τὴν Φρυγίαν | 1 | Phrygia | Phrygia is a region in Asia. See how you translated this name in Acts 2:10. | |
2247 | ACT | 16 | 6 | ue3k | figs-activepassive | κωλυθέντες ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος | 1 | having been forbidden by the Holy Spirit | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “for the Holy Spirit had forbidden them” or “because the Holy Spirit did not permit them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2248 | ACT | 16 | 6 | h4u4 | figs-metonymy | τὸν λόγον | 1 | the word | Here, word stands for “message.” Alternate translation: “the message about Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2249 | ACT | 16 | 7 | x1b1 | figs-go | ἐλθόντες | 1 | when they had come | Here, had come can be translated as “had gone” or “had arrived.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) |
2250 | ACT | 16 | 7 | b1xq | translate-names | Μυσίαν…Βιθυνίαν | 1 | Mysia … Bithynia | Mysia and Bithynia are two more regions in Asia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2251 | ACT | 16 | 7 | b539 | τὸ Πνεῦμα Ἰησοῦ | 1 | the Spirit of Jesus | Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit” | |
2252 | ACT | 16 | 8 | s6l1 | κατέβησαν εἰς Τρῳάδα | 1 | they came down to the city of Troas | The phrase came down is used here because Troas is lower in elevation than Mysia. | |
2253 | ACT | 16 | 8 | xq6n | figs-go | κατέβησαν | 1 | they came down | Here, came can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) |
2254 | ACT | 16 | 9 | t6v2 | ὅραμα…τῷ Παύλῳ ὤφθη | 1 | a vision appeared to Paul | Alternate translation: “Paul saw a vision from God” or “Paul had a vision from God” | |
2255 | ACT | 16 | 9 | hq8e | παρακαλῶν αὐτὸν | 1 | calling him | Alternate translation: “begging him” or “inviting him” | |
2256 | ACT | 16 | 9 | cm2u | διαβὰς εἰς Μακεδονίαν | 1 | Coming over into Macedonia | The phrase coming over is used because Macedonia is across the sea from Troas. | |
2257 | ACT | 16 | 10 | fg5h | ἐζητήσαμεν ἐξελθεῖν εἰς Μακεδονίαν, συμβιβάζοντες ὅτι προσκέκληται ἡμᾶς ὁ Θεὸς εὐαγγελίσασθαι αὐτούς | 1 | we sought to go out to Macedonia, reasoning together that God had called us to proclaim the gospel to them | Here the words we and us refer to Paul and his companions including Luke, the author of Acts. | |
2258 | ACT | 16 | 11 | m2p5 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul and his companions are now in Philippi on their missionary trip. | ||
2259 | ACT | 16 | 11 | q2pr | translate-names | Σαμοθρᾴκην…Νέαν Πόλιν | 1 | Samothrace … Neapolis | Samothrace and Neapolis are coastal cities near Phillipi in Macedonia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2260 | ACT | 16 | 12 | tl9f | figs-explicit | κολωνία | 1 | a colony | This colony was a city outside of Italy where many people who came from Rome lived. The people there had the same rights and freedoms as people who lived in cities in Italy. They could govern themselves and they did not have to pay taxes. Alternate translation: “a Roman colony” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2261 | ACT | 16 | 14 | n952 | writing-participants | τις γυνὴ ὀνόματι Λυδία | 1 | a certain woman named Lydia | Here, a certain woman introduces Lydia as a new person in the story. Alternate translation: “there was a woman named Lydia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
2262 | ACT | 16 | 14 | qj86 | figs-ellipsis | πορφυρόπωλις | 1 | a seller of purple | Here “cloth” is understood. Alternate translation: “a merchant who sold purple cloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
2263 | ACT | 16 | 14 | c6n8 | translate-names | Θυατείρων | 1 | of Thyatira | Thyatira is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2264 | ACT | 16 | 14 | cyk3 | σεβομένη τὸν Θεόν | 1 | worshiping God | When Luke says Lydia was worshiping God, he is saying that she was a Gentile who gave praise to God and followed him, but did not obey all of the Jewish laws. | |
2265 | ACT | 16 | 14 | rd4r | figs-metaphor | ἧς ὁ Κύριος διήνοιξεν τὴν καρδίαν, προσέχειν | 1 | of whom the Lord opened the heart to pay attention to | For the Lord to cause someone to pay attention and believe a message is spoken of as if he were opening a person’s heart. Alternate translation: “and the Lord caused her to listen well and to believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2266 | ACT | 16 | 14 | s9ju | figs-metonymy | διήνοιξεν τὴν καρδίαν | 1 | opened the heart | Here, heart stands for a person’s mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2267 | ACT | 16 | 14 | ddx8 | figs-metaphor | διήνοιξεν τὴν καρδίαν | 1 | The author speaks about the heart or “mind” as if it were a box that a person could open so it is ready for someone to fill it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2268 | ACT | 16 | 14 | a74y | figs-activepassive | τοῖς λαλουμένοις ὑπὸ τοῦ Παύλου | 1 | what was being said by Paul | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “what Paul was saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2269 | ACT | 16 | 15 | g7e9 | figs-activepassive | ὡς δὲ ἐβαπτίσθη καὶ ὁ οἶκος αὐτῆς | 1 | And when she was baptized, and her household | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “And when they baptized Lydia and members of her household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2270 | ACT | 16 | 15 | s799 | figs-metonymy | ὁ οἶκος αὐτῆς | 1 | her household | Here, her household refers to all the people who live in her house. Alternate translation: “the members of her household” or “her family and household servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2271 | ACT | 16 | 16 | ufy4 | ἐγένετο δὲ | 1 | And it happened that | This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. | |
2272 | ACT | 16 | 16 | vyn4 | writing-background | παιδίσκην τινὰ ἔχουσαν πνεῦμα Πύθωνα, ὑπαντῆσαι ἡμῖν, ἥτις ἐργασίαν πολλὴν παρεῖχεν τοῖς κυρίοις αὐτῆς μαντευομένη | 1 | This verse give background information to explain that this young fortune teller brought much financial gain to her masters by guessing people’s futures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) | |
2273 | ACT | 16 | 16 | y1gc | writing-participants | παιδίσκην τινὰ | 1 | a certain young female slave | The phrase a certain introduces a new person to the story. Alternate translation: “there was a young female slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
2274 | ACT | 16 | 16 | ymt9 | πνεῦμα Πύθωνα | 1 | a spirit of divination | An evil spirit spoke to her often about the immediate future of people. | |
2275 | ACT | 16 | 17 | tni9 | figs-metaphor | ὁδὸν σωτηρίας | 1 | the way of salvation | How a person can be saved is spoken of here as if it were a way or path that a person walks on. Alternate translation: “how God can save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2276 | ACT | 16 | 18 | lj79 | figs-activepassive | διαπονηθεὶς δὲ Παῦλος, καὶ ἐπιστρέψας | 1 | But Paul, being greatly annoyed and turning | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “But she greatly annoyed Paul so he turned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2277 | ACT | 16 | 18 | qi1k | figs-metonymy | ἐν ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | in the name of Jesus Christ | Here, name stands for speaking with the authority or as the representative of Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2278 | ACT | 16 | 18 | u4z8 | ἐξῆλθεν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ | 1 | it came out that same hour | Alternate translation: “the spirit came out immediately” | |
2279 | ACT | 16 | 19 | m1y7 | οἱ κύριοι αὐτῆς | 1 | her masters | Alternate translation: “the owners of the slave girl” | |
2280 | ACT | 16 | 19 | r1a1 | figs-explicit | ἰδόντες…οἱ κύριοι αὐτῆς, ὅτι ἐξῆλθεν ἡ ἐλπὶς τῆς ἐργασίας αὐτῶν | 1 | when her masters saw that their hope of profit was gone | It can be stated clearly why they no longer hoped to make money. Alternate translation: “when her masters saw that she could no longer earn money for them by telling fortunes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2281 | ACT | 16 | 19 | bws7 | εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν | 1 | into the marketplace | The marketplace was a public place of business, where buying and selling of goods, cattle, or services took place. Alternate translation: “into the public square” | |
2282 | ACT | 16 | 19 | hf82 | ἐπὶ τοὺς ἄρχοντας | 1 | before the authorities | Alternate translation: “into the presence of the authorities” or “so that the authorities could judge them” | |
2283 | ACT | 16 | 20 | d2rg | προσαγαγόντες αὐτοὺς τοῖς στρατηγοῖς | 1 | when they had brought them to the magistrates | Alternate translation: “when they had brought them to the judges” | |
2284 | ACT | 16 | 20 | wa94 | τοῖς στρατηγοῖς | 1 | to the magistrates | These magistrates were rulers or judges. | |
2285 | ACT | 16 | 20 | dkz2 | figs-exclusive | οὗτοι οἱ ἄνθρωποι ἐκταράσσουσιν ἡμῶν τὴν πόλιν | 1 | These men are stirring up our city | Here the word our refers to the people of the city and includes the magistrates who ruled it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
2286 | ACT | 16 | 21 | gna6 | παραδέχεσθαι οὐδὲ ποιεῖν | 1 | to accept nor to practice | Alternate translation: “to believe nor to obey” or “to accept nor to do” | |
2287 | ACT | 16 | 22 | r1gr | αὐτῶν…περιρήξαντες αὐτῶν τὰ ἱμάτια, ἐκέλευον | 1 | Here the words their and them refer to Paul and Silas. | ||
2288 | ACT | 16 | 22 | at6i | figs-activepassive | ἐκέλευον ῥαβδίζειν | 1 | commanding them to be beaten with rods | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “commanding the soldiers to beat them with rods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2289 | ACT | 16 | 23 | dsr3 | πολλάς…ἐπιθέντες αὐτοῖς πληγὰς | 1 | when they had laid many blows upon them | Alternate translation: “when they had hit them many times with rods” | |
2290 | ACT | 16 | 23 | y4mc | παραγγείλαντες τῷ δεσμοφύλακι ἀσφαλῶς τηρεῖν αὐτούς | 1 | having commanded the jailer to guard them securely | Alternate translation: “having told the jailer to make sure they did not escape” | |
2291 | ACT | 16 | 23 | zkp7 | δεσμοφύλακι | 1 | jailer | A jailer was a person responsible for all the people held in the jail or prison. | |
2292 | ACT | 16 | 24 | a79x | ὃς παραγγελίαν τοιαύτην λαβὼν | 1 | who, having received such a command | Alternate translation: “who, when he heard this command” | |
2293 | ACT | 16 | 24 | rl8c | τοὺς πόδας ἠσφαλίσατο αὐτῶν εἰς τὸ ξύλον | 1 | fastened their feet in the stocks | Alternate translation: “securely locked their feet in the stocks” | |
2294 | ACT | 16 | 24 | jug6 | ξύλον | 1 | stocks | The stocks was a wooden frame with holes for a person’s feet that prevented them from moving. | |
2295 | ACT | 16 | 26 | q7z1 | figs-activepassive | σεισμὸς ἐγένετο μέγας, ὥστε σαλευθῆναι τὰ θεμέλια τοῦ δεσμωτηρίου | 1 | a great earthquake happened, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “a severe earthquake shook the foundations of the prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2296 | ACT | 16 | 26 | m4ye | figs-synecdoche | σαλευθῆναι τὰ θεμέλια τοῦ δεσμωτηρίου | 1 | the foundations of the prison | When the foundations shook, this caused the entire prison to shake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2297 | ACT | 16 | 26 | s6mu | figs-activepassive | ἠνεῴχθησαν…αἱ θύραι πᾶσαι | 1 | all the doors were opened | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “all the doors opened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2298 | ACT | 16 | 26 | p393 | figs-activepassive | πάντων τὰ δεσμὰ ἀνέθη | 1 | the chains of everyone were unfastened | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone’s chains came loose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2299 | ACT | 16 | 27 | hr9q | figs-activepassive | ἔξυπνος…γενόμενος ὁ δεσμοφύλαξ | 1 | the jailer became awake | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the jailer woke up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2300 | ACT | 16 | 27 | cwt5 | ἤμελλεν ἑαυτὸν ἀναιρεῖν | 1 | he was about to kill himself | The jailer preferred to commit suicide rather than suffer the consequences of letting the prisoners escape. Alternate translation: “he was ready to kill himself” | |
2301 | ACT | 16 | 28 | ljy6 | figs-exclusive | ἐσμεν | 1 | Here the word we refers to Paul, Silas, and all of the other prisoners but excludes the jailer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2302 | ACT | 16 | 29 | pe66 | figs-explicit | αἰτήσας…φῶτα | 1 | having called for lights | The reason why the jailer needed light can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “after he called for someone to bring light so he could see who was still in the prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2303 | ACT | 16 | 29 | h5ai | figs-metonymy | φῶτα | 1 | lights | The word lights stands for something that makes light. Alternate translation: “torches” or “lamps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2304 | ACT | 16 | 29 | r6is | εἰσεπήδησεν | 1 | he rushed in | Alternate translation: “he quickly entered the jail” | |
2305 | ACT | 16 | 29 | bb6t | translate-symaction | προσέπεσεν τῷ Παύλῳ καὶ Σιλᾷ | 1 | fell down before Paul and Silas | The jailer humbled himself by bowing down at the feet of Paul and Silas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
2306 | ACT | 16 | 30 | a3h6 | προαγαγὼν αὐτοὺς ἔξω | 1 | having brought them out | Alternate translation: “after he had led them outside the jail” | |
2307 | ACT | 16 | 30 | u132 | figs-activepassive | τί με δεῖ ποιεῖν, ἵνα σωθῶ | 1 | what must I do in order to be saved | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “what must I do in order for God to save me from my sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2308 | ACT | 16 | 31 | br4k | figs-activepassive | σωθήσῃ | 1 | you will be saved | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will save you” or “God will save you from your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2309 | ACT | 16 | 31 | w8ed | figs-metonymy | ὁ οἶκός σου | 1 | your household | Here, your household refers to all the people who lived in the house. Alternate translation: “all the members of your household” or “your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2310 | ACT | 16 | 32 | pq5w | figs-metonymy | ἐλάλησαν αὐτῷ τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | they spoke the word of the Lord to him | Here, word stands for a message. Alternate translation: “they told him the message about the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2311 | ACT | 16 | 33 | r3la | figs-activepassive | ἐβαπτίσθη, αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ αὐτοῦ πάντες παραχρῆμα | 1 | he was baptized immediately—he and all those who were his | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Paul and Silas immediately baptized the jailer and all the members of his household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2312 | ACT | 16 | 35 | lb4z | δὲ | 1 | Now | The word Now is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke tells the last event in the story that started in Acts 16:16. | |
2313 | ACT | 16 | 35 | vev9 | ἀπόλυσον τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἐκείνους | 1 | Release those men | Alternate translation: “Allow those men to leave” | |
2314 | ACT | 16 | 36 | k3i6 | ἐξελθόντες | 1 | having come out | Alternate translation: “having come out of the jail” | |
2315 | ACT | 16 | 37 | v4yk | figs-exclusive | ἡμᾶς…ἔβαλαν…ἡμᾶς…ἡμᾶς | 1 | The word us refers only to Paul and Silas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2316 | ACT | 16 | 37 | b4jm | figs-explicit | ἔφη πρὸς αὐτούς | 1 | said to them | Probably Paul is speaking to the jailer, but he intends for the jailer to tell the magistrates what he says. Alternate translation: “said to the jailer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2317 | ACT | 16 | 37 | b7cc | figs-metonymy | δείραντες ἡμᾶς δημοσίᾳ | 1 | They have beaten us in public | Here They refers to the magistrates who commanded their soldiers to beat them. Alternate translation: “The magistrates ordered their soldiers to beat us in public” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2318 | ACT | 16 | 37 | wc37 | ἀκατακρίτους ἀνθρώπους Ῥωμαίους ὑπάρχοντας, ἔβαλαν εἰς φυλακήν | 1 | without trial—men being Romans—they threw us into prison | Alternate translation: “without a trial to prove us guilty, even though we are Roman citizens, and they had their soldiers put us in jail” | |
2319 | ACT | 16 | 37 | qq1u | figs-rquestion | λάθρᾳ ἡμᾶς ἐκβάλλουσιν? οὔ γάρ | 1 | they cast us out secretly? No indeed! | Paul uses a question to emphasize that he will not allow the magistrates to send them out the city in secret after they had mistreated Paul and Silas. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will certainly not let them send us out of the city in secret!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
2320 | ACT | 16 | 37 | jr2j | figs-rpronouns | ἀλλὰ ἐλθόντες αὐτοὶ | 1 | Instead, coming themselves | Here, themselves is used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) |
2321 | ACT | 16 | 38 | ym2u | figs-explicit | ἐφοβήθησαν…ἀκούσαντες ὅτι Ῥωμαῖοί εἰσιν | 1 | they were terrified when they heard that they are Romans | To be a Roman meant to be a legal citizens of the Roman Empire. Citizenship provided freedom from torture and the right to a fair trial. The city leaders were afraid that more important Roman authorities might learn how the city leaders had mistreated Paul and Silas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2322 | ACT | 16 | 40 | q59h | εἰσῆλθον…ἰδόντες, παρεκάλεσαν | 1 | Here the word they refers to Paul and Silas. The word them refers to the believers in Philippi. | ||
2323 | ACT | 16 | 40 | y14i | writing-endofstory | 0 | This is the end of Paul and Silas’ time in Philippi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) | ||
2324 | ACT | 16 | 40 | t1pf | figs-go | εἰσῆλθον πρὸς τὴν Λυδίαν | 1 | they came to the house of Lydia | Here, came can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) |
2325 | ACT | 16 | 40 | ylk9 | τὴν Λυδίαν | 1 | the house of Lydia | Alternate translation: “the home of Lydia” | |
2326 | ACT | 16 | 40 | ntc9 | figs-gendernotations | ἰδόντες…τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς | 1 | when they had seen the brothers | Here, the brothers refers to believers whether male or female. Alternate translation: “when they had visited with the believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
2327 | ACT | 17 | intro | gj4c | 0 | Acts 17 General NotesSpecial concepts in this chapterMisunderstandings about the MessiahThe Jews expected the Christ or Messiah to be a powerful king because the Old Testament says so many times. But it also says many times that the Messiah would suffer, and that was what Paul was telling the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) The religion of AthensPaul said that the Athenians were “religious,” but they did not worship the true God. They worshiped many different false gods. In the past they had conquered other peoples and begun to worship the gods of the people they had conquered. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) In this chapter Luke describes for the first time how Paul told the message of Christ to people who knew nothing of the Old Testament. | |||
2328 | ACT | 17 | 1 | e4w5 | δὲ | 1 | Now | The word Now is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke, the author, starts to tell a new part of the story. | |
2329 | ACT | 17 | 1 | b7np | διοδεύσαντες | 1 | having passed through | Alternate translation: “when they had traveled through” | |
2330 | ACT | 17 | 1 | q9x4 | ἦλθον | 1 | Here the word they refers to Paul and Silas. They arrive in Thessalonica, apparently without Luke, since he says “they” and not “we.” Compare Acts 16:40. | ||
2331 | ACT | 17 | 1 | kll1 | translate-names | τὴν Ἀμφίπολιν καὶ τὴν Ἀπολλωνίαν | 1 | Amphipolis and Apollonia | Amphipolis and Apollonia are coastal cities in Macedonia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2332 | ACT | 17 | 1 | yj66 | figs-go | ἦλθον εἰς Θεσσαλονίκην | 1 | they came to Thessalonica | Here, came can be translated as “went” or “arrived.” Alternate translation: “they went to Thessalonica” or “they arrived at Thessalonica” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) |
2333 | ACT | 17 | 2 | vbf2 | κατὰ…τὸ εἰωθὸς | 1 | according to his custom | Paul usually went to the synagogue on the Sabbath when Jews would be present. Alternate translation: “as his habit was” or “as his common practice was” | |
2334 | ACT | 17 | 2 | bt5e | ἐπὶ Σάββατα τρία | 1 | for three Sabbaths | Alternate translation: “on each Sabbath day for three weeks” | |
2335 | ACT | 17 | 2 | wp3k | figs-explicit | διελέξατο αὐτοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν Γραφῶν | 1 | reasoned with them from the scriptures | Paul explained what the Scriptures means in order to prove to the Jews that Jesus is the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2336 | ACT | 17 | 2 | qf4t | διελέξατο αὐτοῖς | 1 | reasoned with them | Alternate translation: “debated with them” or “discussed with them” | |
2337 | ACT | 17 | 3 | ir9q | figs-metaphor | διανοίγων | 1 | He is fully opening | This could mean: (1) to explain the scriptures in a way that people can understand is spoken of as if Paul were opening something so people can see what is inside of it, or (2) Paul was literally opening a book or scroll and reading from it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2338 | ACT | 17 | 3 | he78 | ἔδει | 1 | it was necessary for | Alternate translation: “it was part of God’s plan for” | |
2339 | ACT | 17 | 3 | ipb2 | ἀναστῆναι | 1 | to rise | Alternate translation: “to come back to life” | |
2340 | ACT | 17 | 3 | b9qi | ἐκ νεκρῶν | 1 | from the dead | From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To come back from among them speaks of becoming alive again. | |
2341 | ACT | 17 | 4 | es2u | figs-activepassive | τινες ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐπείσθησαν | 1 | some from them were persuaded | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “some of the Jews believed” or “some of the Jews understood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2342 | ACT | 17 | 4 | nyp2 | προσεκληρώθησαν τῷ Παύλῳ | 1 | joined Paul | Alternate translation: “became associated with Paul” | |
2343 | ACT | 17 | 4 | t21z | σεβομένων Ἑλλήνων | 1 | of worshiping Greeks | This refers to Greeks who worship God but have not converted to Judaism through circumcision. | |
2344 | ACT | 17 | 4 | ye8v | figs-litotes | γυναικῶν…τῶν πρώτων οὐκ ὀλίγαι | 1 | not a few of the leading women | Here, not a few is an understatement to emphasize that many leading women joined them. Alternate translation: “many leading women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
2345 | ACT | 17 | 5 | nuh6 | ἐθορύβουν τὴν πόλιν…ἐζήτουν | 1 | Here the word they refers to the unbelieving Jews and wicked men from the marketplace. | ||
2346 | ACT | 17 | 5 | uj43 | figs-metaphor | ζηλώσαντες | 1 | having become jealous | The feeling of jealousy is spoken of as if jealousy were actually moving the person. Alternate translation: “feeling very jealous” or “feeling very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2347 | ACT | 17 | 5 | vev6 | figs-explicit | ζηλώσαντες | 1 | having become jealous | It can be stated explicitly that these Jews were jealous because some of the Jews and Greeks believed Paul’s message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2348 | ACT | 17 | 5 | btw6 | προσλαβόμενοι τῶν ἀγοραίων ἄνδρας τινὰς πονηροὺς | 1 | having taken certain wicked men of the marketplace | Here, having taken does not mean the Jews took these people by force. It means the Jews persuaded these wicked men to help them. | |
2349 | ACT | 17 | 5 | lc6g | ἄνδρας τινὰς πονηροὺς | 1 | certain wicked men | The word men here refers specifically to males. Alternate translation: “some evil men” | |
2350 | ACT | 17 | 5 | ie1f | τῶν ἀγοραίων | 1 | of the marketplace | The marketplace was a public place of business, where buying and selling of goods, cattle, or services take place. Alternate translation: “from the public square” | |
2351 | ACT | 17 | 5 | t3bc | figs-metonymy | ἐθορύβουν τὴν πόλιν | 1 | they set the city in an uproar | Here, the city stands for the people in the city. Alternate translation: “they caused the people of the city to be in an uproar” or “they caused the people of the city to riot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2352 | ACT | 17 | 5 | s3uv | ἐπιστάντες τῇ οἰκίᾳ | 1 | having assaulted the house | This phrase probably means the people were throwing rocks at the house and trying to break down the door of the house. Alternate translation: “having violently attacking the house” | |
2353 | ACT | 17 | 5 | ks2l | translate-names | Ἰάσονος | 1 | of Jason | Jason is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2354 | ACT | 17 | 5 | abcu | αὐτοὺς προαγαγεῖν | 1 | to lead them | Alternate translation: “to bring Paul and Silas” | |
2355 | ACT | 17 | 5 | pp7k | εἰς τὸν δῆμον | 1 | to the people | This could mean: (1) a governmental or legal group of citizens gathered to make a decision or (2) an unruly mob. | |
2356 | ACT | 17 | 6 | i79p | τινας ἀδελφοὺς | 1 | certain brothers | Here, brothers refers to believers. Alternate translation: “some other believers” | |
2357 | ACT | 17 | 6 | e44z | ἐπὶ τοὺς πολιτάρχας | 1 | before the city officials | Alternate translation: “in the presence of the city officials” | |
2358 | ACT | 17 | 6 | g7xj | οἱ…οὗτοι | 1 | Those who … they | The Jewish leaders were using the pronouns Those and they to refer to Paul and Silas. | |
2359 | ACT | 17 | 6 | c2av | figs-idiom | τὴν οἰκουμένην ἀναστατώσαντες | 1 | have turned the inhabited world upside down | This phrase is another way of saying Paul and Silas where causing trouble everywhere they went. Alternate translation: “have caused trouble everywhere in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
2360 | ACT | 17 | 6 | x90b | figs-hyperbole | τὴν οἰκουμένην ἀναστατώσαντες | 1 | The Jewish leaders were exaggerating the influence Paul and Silas were having with their teaching. Alternate translation: “have caused trouble everywhere they have gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
2361 | ACT | 17 | 7 | hlc9 | ὑποδέδεκται Ἰάσων; καὶ οὗτοι πάντες | 1 | Jason and all these men have welcomed | This phrase signals that Jason and his companions were in agreement with the apostles’ troubling message. | |
2362 | ACT | 17 | 8 | th2f | ἐτάραξαν | 1 | were disturbed | Alternate translation: “were worried” | |
2363 | ACT | 17 | 9 | ya44 | λαβόντες τὸ ἱκανὸν παρὰ τοῦ Ἰάσονος καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν | 1 | after they had received a bond from Jason and the rest of them | Jason and the others had to pay the money to the city officials as a promise of good behavior; that money might be returned if all went well or it might be used to repair the damages brought on by bad behavior. | |
2364 | ACT | 17 | 9 | bj48 | τῶν λοιπῶν | 1 | the rest of them | The words the rest of them refers to other believers that the Jews brought before the officials. | |
2365 | ACT | 17 | 9 | aru6 | ἀπέλυσαν αὐτούς | 1 | they released them | Alternate translation: “the officials let Jason and the other believers go” | |
2366 | ACT | 17 | 10 | na8h | 0 | General Information: | Paul and Silas travel on to the town of Berea. | ||
2367 | ACT | 17 | 10 | qy5c | figs-gendernotations | οἱ…ἀδελφοὶ | 1 | the brothers | The word brothers here refers to men and women believers. Alternate translation: “the believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
2368 | ACT | 17 | 11 | k2st | writing-background | δὲ | 1 | Now | The word Now is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke tells background information about the people in Berea and how they were willing to listen to Paul and examine what he said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
2369 | ACT | 17 | 11 | gu6s | οὗτοι…ἦσαν εὐγενέστεροι | 1 | these were more open-minded than | These open-minded people were willing to think more objectively about new ideas than other people. Alternate translation: “the Bereans were more willing to listen” | |
2370 | ACT | 17 | 11 | hle3 | figs-metonymy | ἐδέξαντο τὸν λόγον | 1 | received the word | Here, word refers to a teaching. Alternate translation: “listened to the teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2371 | ACT | 17 | 11 | uh8a | μετὰ πάσης προθυμίας | 1 | with all readiness | These Bereans were prepared to examine earnestly Paul’s teachings about the scripture. | |
2372 | ACT | 17 | 11 | lzm3 | καθ’ ἡμέραν ἀνακρίνοντες τὰς Γραφὰς | 1 | examining the scriptures each day | Alternate translation: “carefully reading and evaluating the scriptures every day” | |
2373 | ACT | 17 | 11 | g8an | ἔχοι ταῦτα οὕτως | 1 | these things were so | Alternate translation: “the things Paul said were true” | |
2374 | ACT | 17 | 12 | abcv | figs-litotes | ἀνδρῶν οὐκ ὀλίγοι | 1 | not a few men | Here, not a few is an understatement to emphasize that many men believed the message. Alternate translation: “many men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
2375 | ACT | 17 | 13 | asb4 | figs-metaphor | ἦλθον κἀκεῖ, σαλεύοντες | 1 | they came and there stirred up | This speaks about their agitating people as though it were a person stirring a liquid and causing the things at the bottom of the liquid to rise to the surface. Alternate translation: “they came there and agitated” or “they went there and disturbed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2376 | ACT | 17 | 13 | wjq3 | ταράσσοντες τοὺς ὄχλους | 1 | troubled the crowds | Alternate translation: “worried the crowds” or “caused the people to become upset” | |
2377 | ACT | 17 | 14 | ael8 | figs-gendernotations | ἀδελφοὶ | 1 | brothers | The word brothers here refers to men and women believers. Alternate translation: “believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
2378 | ACT | 17 | 14 | zw1c | πορεύεσθαι ἕως ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν | 1 | to go as far as to the sea | From here Paul would probably sail to another city. Alternate translation: “to go all the way to the coast” | |
2379 | ACT | 17 | 15 | tjh5 | καθιστάνοντες τὸν Παῦλον | 1 | were leading Paul down | Alternate translation: “who were accompanying Paul” or “who were going down with Paul” | |
2380 | ACT | 17 | 15 | vn8h | translate-names | Ἀθηνῶν | 1 | Athens is down the coast from Barea which is in Macedonia. Athens was one of the most important cities in Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
2381 | ACT | 17 | 15 | gs1p | figs-quotations | λαβόντες ἐντολὴν πρὸς τὸν Σιλᾶν καὶ τὸν Τιμόθεον | 1 | after receiving a command to Silas and Timothy | This can also be stated as a direct quotation as in the UST. Alternate translation: “after telling them to command Silas and Timothy so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
2382 | ACT | 17 | 16 | y9cr | δὲ | 1 | Now | The word Now is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke starts to tell a new part of the story. | |
2383 | ACT | 17 | 16 | wk63 | ἐν…ταῖς Ἀθήναις, ἐκδεχομένου αὐτοὺς τοῦ Παύλου | 1 | This is another part of the story of Paul and Silas’ travels. Paul is now in Athens where he is waiting for Silas and Timothy to join him. | ||
2384 | ACT | 17 | 16 | we78 | figs-synecdoche | παρωξύνετο τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ, θεωροῦντος κατείδωλον οὖσαν τὴν πόλιν | 1 | his spirit was being provoked within him, seeing the city being full of idols | Here, his spirit stands for Paul himself. Alternate translation: “he was provoked because he saw that there were idols everywhere in the city” or “seeing the idols everywhere in the city, he was provoked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2385 | ACT | 17 | 16 | s011 | figs-activepassive | παρωξύνετο τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he became upset” or “the city upset him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2386 | ACT | 17 | 17 | q8px | διελέγετο | 1 | he reasoned | This phrase means that there is interaction from the listeners rather than only his preaching. They are talking with him as well. Alternate translation: “he debated” or “he discussed” | |
2387 | ACT | 17 | 17 | jkj8 | τοῖς σεβομένοις | 1 | those who were worshiping | This refers to Gentiles (non-Jews) who give praise to God and follow him but do not obey all of the Jewish laws. | |
2388 | ACT | 17 | 17 | ec14 | ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ | 1 | in the marketplace | The marketplace was a public place of business, where buying and selling of goods, cattle, or services take place. Alternate translation: “in the public square” | |
2389 | ACT | 17 | 18 | ru6a | αὐτῷ…δοκεῖ…εὐηγγελίζετο | 1 | Here the words him, He, and he refer to Paul. | ||
2390 | ACT | 17 | 18 | l7le | translate-names | τῶν Ἐπικουρίων καὶ Στοϊκῶν φιλοσόφων | 1 | of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers | These people believed all things were formed by chance and that the gods were too busy being happy to be bothered with governing the universe. They rejected the resurrection and wanted only simple pleasures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2391 | ACT | 17 | 18 | f976 | translate-names | Στοϊκῶν φιλοσόφων | 1 | Stoic philosophers | These Stoic philosophers believed freedom comes from resigning oneself to fate. They rejected a personal loving God and the resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2392 | ACT | 17 | 18 | dnj8 | τινες ἔλεγον | 1 | some said | Alternate translation: “some of the Stoic philosophers said” | |
2393 | ACT | 17 | 18 | g4bv | figs-metaphor | τί ἂν θέλοι ὁ σπερμολόγος οὗτος λέγειν? | 1 | What is this babbler wanting to say? | The word babbler was used to refer to birds picking up seeds as food. It refers negatively to a person who only knows a little bit of information. The philosophers said Paul had bits of information which were not worth listening to. Alternate translation: “What is this uneducated person trying to say?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2394 | ACT | 17 | 18 | k2ps | οἱ δέ | 1 | But others said | Alternate translation: “But other philosophers said” | |
2395 | ACT | 17 | 18 | l41t | δοκεῖ καταγγελεὺς εἶναι | 1 | He seems to be a proclaimer | Alternate translation: “He seems to be teaching a philosophy” | |
2396 | ACT | 17 | 18 | sx9t | ξένων δαιμονίων | 1 | of foreign gods | That is, gods that Greeks and Romans do not worship or know about. | |
2397 | ACT | 17 | 19 | mv8c | ἐπιλαβόμενοί τε αὐτοῦ, ἐπὶ τὸν Ἄρειον Πάγον ἤγαγον | 1 | And taking hold of him, they brought him to the Areopagus | This does not mean they arrested Paul. The philosophers invited Paul to speak formally to their leaders. | |
2398 | ACT | 17 | 19 | b56g | figs-metonymy | ἐπὶ τὸν Ἄρειον Πάγον | 1 | to the Areopagus | The Areopagus was the place where the leaders met. Alternate translation: “to the leaders that met on the Areopagus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2399 | ACT | 17 | 19 | ze7e | τὸν Ἄρειον Πάγον…λέγοντες | 1 | the Areopagus, saying | Here the leaders on the Areopagus are speaking. This can stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “the Areopagus. The leaders said to Paul” | |
2400 | ACT | 17 | 19 | unc8 | translate-names | Ἄρειον Πάγον | 1 | Areopagus | The Areopagus is a prominent rock outcropping or hill in Athens upon which the supreme court of Athens may have met. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2401 | ACT | 17 | 20 | lay8 | figs-metaphor | ξενίζοντα γάρ τινα εἰσφέρεις εἰς τὰς ἀκοὰς ἡμῶν | 1 | For you are bringing some strange things to our ears | Paul’s teachings about Jesus and the resurrection are spoken of as an object that a person can bring to another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2402 | ACT | 17 | 20 | fs5g | figs-exclusive | βουλόμεθα | 1 | Here the word we refers to the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2403 | ACT | 17 | 20 | us7g | figs-metonymy | ξενίζοντα γάρ τινα εἰσφέρεις εἰς τὰς ἀκοὰς ἡμῶν | 1 | Here, ears refers to what they hear. Alternate translation: “For you are teaching some things that we have never heard before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2404 | ACT | 17 | 21 | dn1t | figs-hyperbole | Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ πάντες καὶ οἱ ἐπιδημοῦντες ξένοι | 1 | And all the Athenians and the foreigners living there | The word all is a generalization referring to many. Alternate translation: “And many of the Athenians and the strangers living there” or “And many of the Athenians and the strangers living there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
2405 | ACT | 17 | 21 | d8yb | translate-names | Ἀθηναῖοι | 1 | the Athenians | Here, the Athenians are people from Athens, a city near the coast below Macedonia (present day Greece). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2406 | ACT | 17 | 21 | sk5b | figs-metaphor | εἰς οὐδὲν ἕτερον ηὐκαίρουν, ἢ λέγειν τι ἢ ἀκούειν | 1 | spent their time in nothing other than either to tell something or to listen to | Here, time is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could spend. Alternate translation: “used their time doing nothing but either telling or listening to” or “were always doing nothing but telling or listening to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2407 | ACT | 17 | 21 | ij4e | figs-hyperbole | εἰς οὐδὲν ἕτερον ηὐκαίρουν | 1 | spent their time in nothing other than | The phrase spent their time in nothing is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “did not do much but” or “spent much of their time only” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
2408 | ACT | 17 | 21 | wr1r | λέγειν τι ἢ ἀκούειν τι καινότερον | 1 | to tell something or to listen to something new | Alternate translation: “discussing new philosophical ideas” or “talking about what was new to them” | |
2409 | ACT | 17 | 22 | zq3y | ἄνδρες, Ἀθηναῖοι, κατὰ πάντα ὡς δεισιδαιμονεστέρους ὑμᾶς θεωρῶ | 1 | Paul begins his speech to the philosophers on the Areopagus. | ||
2410 | ACT | 17 | 22 | ja1k | κατὰ πάντα…δεισιδαιμονεστέρους | 1 | very religious in every way | Paul is referring to the Athenians’ public display of honoring the gods through prayers, building altars, and offering sacrifices. | |
2411 | ACT | 17 | 23 | gn1j | διερχόμενος γὰρ | 1 | For passing through | Alternate translation: “Because as I was walked through” or “As I was walking along” | |
2412 | ACT | 17 | 23 | cem7 | ἀγνώστῳ Θεῷ | 1 | To an Unknown God | This could mean: (1) “to a certain unknown god” or (2) “to a god not known.” This was a specific writing or inscription on that altar. | |
2413 | ACT | 17 | 24 | m1jm | τὸν κόσμον | 1 | the world | In the most general sense, the world refers to the heavens and the earth and everything in them. | |
2414 | ACT | 17 | 24 | rqk9 | οὗτος…ὑπάρχων Κύριος | 1 | he who is Lord | Here, he is referring to the unknown god mentioned in Acts 17:23 that Paul is explaining is the Lord God. Alternate translation: “because the one who is Lord” | |
2415 | ACT | 17 | 24 | f2mz | figs-merism | οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς | 1 | of heaven and earth | The words heaven and earth are used together to mean all beings and things in heaven and earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) |
2416 | ACT | 17 | 24 | ju4h | figs-synecdoche | χειροποιήτοις | 1 | built with hands | Here, hands stands for people. Alternate translation: “built by the hands of people” or “that people built” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2417 | ACT | 17 | 25 | e3dg | figs-activepassive | οὐδὲ ὑπὸ χειρῶν ἀνθρωπίνων θεραπεύεται | 1 | Neither is he served by hands of men | Here, served has the sense of a doctor treating a patient to make the patient well again. Alternate translation: “Neither do men take care of him with their hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2418 | ACT | 17 | 25 | yq68 | figs-synecdoche | ὑπὸ χειρῶν ἀνθρωπίνων | 1 | by hands of men | Here, hands stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “by humans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2419 | ACT | 17 | 25 | sj89 | figs-rpronouns | αὐτὸς διδοὺς | 1 | himself giving | The word himself is added for emphasis. Alternate translation: “because he himself gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) |
2420 | ACT | 17 | 26 | r3lt | ἐποίησέν…προστεταγμένους…αὐτῶν | 1 | Here the word he refers to the one true God, the creator. Both occurrences of the word their refer to every nation of people living on the surface of the earth. | ||
2421 | ACT | 17 | 26 | p1e4 | ἑνὸς | 1 | one man | This refers to Adam, the first person God created. | |
2422 | ACT | 17 | 26 | js4p | ὁρίσας προστεταγμένους καιροὺς καὶ τὰς ὁροθεσίας τῆς κατοικίας αὐτῶν | 1 | having determined their appointed seasons and the boundaries of their habitation | You can state this as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “And he determined when and where they would live” | |
2423 | ACT | 17 | 27 | jae5 | figs-metaphor | ζητεῖν τὸν Θεὸν, εἰ ἄρα γε ψηλαφήσειαν αὐτὸν καὶ εὕροιεν | 1 | to seek God and perhaps they might feel around for him and find him | Here, to seek God represents desiring to know him, and feel around for him and find him represents praying and having a relationship with him. Alternate translation: “so that they should want to know God and perhaps pray to him and become one of his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2424 | ACT | 17 | 27 | p8hk | figs-litotes | καί γε οὐ μακρὰν ἀπὸ ἑνὸς ἑκάστου ἡμῶν ὑπάρχοντα | 1 | Yet he is not far from each one of us | Paul uses the negative not far to emphasize that God is close to man. Alternate translation: “Yet he is very near to everyone of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
2425 | ACT | 17 | 27 | onm4 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | In using the word us, Paul includes himself, his audience, and every nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2426 | ACT | 17 | 28 | tkd3 | figs-exclusive | 0 | General Information: | Here the words him and his refer to God (Acts 17:24). When Paul says we here, he includes himself as well as his hearers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2427 | ACT | 17 | 28 | cbd9 | ἐν αὐτῷ γὰρ | 1 | For in him | Alternate translation: “Because of him” | |
2428 | ACT | 17 | 29 | k9ws | figs-metaphor | γένος…ὑπάρχοντες τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | are God’s offspring | Because God created everyone, all people are spoken of as if they were God’s literal children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2429 | ACT | 17 | 29 | czi9 | figs-metonymy | τὸ θεῖον | 1 | the divine being | Here, divine being refers to God’s nature or attributes. Alternate translation: “the true God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2430 | ACT | 17 | 29 | q4q2 | figs-activepassive | χαράγματι τέχνης καὶ ἐνθυμήσεως ἀνθρώπου | 1 | images of the skill and imagination of man | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “which a man then uses his skill to make it into something that he has designed” or “images that people make by using their art and imagination” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2431 | ACT | 17 | 30 | suh6 | οὖν | 1 | Therefore | Alternate translation: “Because what I have just said is true” | |
2432 | ACT | 17 | 30 | iva4 | τοὺς…χρόνους τῆς ἀγνοίας ὑπεριδὼν ὁ Θεὸς | 1 | God, having overlooked the times of ignorance | Alternate translation: “God, having decided not to punish people during the times of ignorance” | |
2433 | ACT | 17 | 30 | h8uy | χρόνους τῆς ἀγνοίας | 1 | times of ignorance | This refers to the time before God fully revealed himself through Jesus Christ and before people truly knew how to obey God. | |
2434 | ACT | 17 | 30 | qim5 | figs-gendernotations | τοῖς ἀνθρώποις πάντας | 1 | all men | Here, all men refers to all people whether male or female. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
2435 | ACT | 17 | 31 | htp7 | ἐν ᾗ μέλλει κρίνειν τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ, ἐν ἀνδρὶ ᾧ ὥρισεν | 1 | in which he is about to judge the world in righteousness by the man whom he has appointed | Alternate translation: “when the man he has chosen will judge the world in righteousness” | |
2436 | ACT | 17 | 31 | jt3a | figs-metonymy | μέλλει κρίνειν τὴν οἰκουμένην | 1 | he is about to judge the world | Here, world refers to the people. Alternate translation: “he will judge all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2437 | ACT | 17 | 31 | l61p | πίστιν παρασχὼν | 1 | He has provided signs | Alternate translation: “God has demonstrated his choice of this man” | |
2438 | ACT | 17 | 31 | ulr4 | ἐκ νεκρῶν | 1 | from the dead | From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To come back from among them speaks of becoming alive again. | |
2439 | ACT | 17 | 32 | tc8t | figs-exclusive | ἀκουσόμεθά | 1 | Here the word We refers to the men of Athens but not to Paul, so this is exclusive. Though some of them probably did want to hear Paul again, they may only have been being polite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2440 | ACT | 17 | 32 | c4sm | writing-endofstory | 0 | This is the end of the part of the story about Paul in Athens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) | ||
2441 | ACT | 17 | 32 | nb26 | δὲ | 1 | Now | The word Now is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke shifts from Paul’s teachings to the reaction of the people of Athens. | |
2442 | ACT | 17 | 32 | jlm5 | ἀκούσαντες | 1 | when they heard of | These are the people who were present at the Areopagus listening to Paul. | |
2443 | ACT | 17 | 32 | sn6j | οἱ μὲν ἐχλεύαζον | 1 | some mocked him | These did not believe it was possible for someone to die and then return to life. Alternate translation: “some ridiculed Paul” or “some laughed at Paul” | |
2444 | ACT | 17 | 34 | psh8 | translate-names | Διονύσιος ὁ Ἀρεοπαγίτης | 1 | Dionysius the Areopagite | Dionysius is a man’s name. Areopagite implies that Dionysius was one of the judges at the council of Areopagus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2445 | ACT | 17 | 34 | hsz3 | translate-names | Δάμαρις | 1 | Damaris | Damaris is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2446 | ACT | 18 | intro | rky6 | 0 | Acts 18 General NotesSpecial concepts in this chapterThe baptism of JohnSome Jews who lived far away from Jerusalem and Judea had heard of John the Baptist and followed his teachings. They had not yet heard about Jesus. One of these Jews was Apollos. He followed John the Baptist, but he did not know that the Messiah had come. John had baptized people to show that they were sorry for their sins, but this baptism was different from Christian baptism. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) | |||
2447 | ACT | 18 | 1 | qa9b | 0 | Connecting Statement: | This is another part of the story of Paul’s travels as he goes to Corinth. | ||
2448 | ACT | 18 | 1 | fky7 | μετὰ ταῦτα | 1 | After these things | Alternate translation: “After these events took place in Athens” | |
2449 | ACT | 18 | 1 | abcw | χωρισθεὶς | 1 | having departed | Alternate translation: “when Paul had departed” | |
2450 | ACT | 18 | 1 | h2si | τῶν Ἀθηνῶν | 1 | Athens | Athens was one of the most important cities in Greece. See how you translated this in Acts 17:15. | |
2451 | ACT | 18 | 2 | d9zx | καὶ εὑρών | 1 | And when he found | This could mean: (1) Paul happened to find by chance or (2) Paul intentionally found. | |
2452 | ACT | 18 | 2 | hm16 | writing-participants | τινα Ἰουδαῖον ὀνόματι Ἀκύλαν | 1 | a certain Jew named Aquila | Here the phrase a certain indicates Luke is introducing Aquilla as a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
2453 | ACT | 18 | 2 | jat1 | writing-background | τινα Ἰουδαῖον ὀνόματι Ἀκύλαν, Ποντικὸν τῷ γένει, προσφάτως ἐληλυθότα ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας, καὶ Πρίσκιλλαν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, διὰ τὸ διατεταχέναι Κλαύδιον χωρίζεσθαι πάντας τοὺς Ἰουδαίους ἀπὸ τῆς Ῥώμης | 1 | Verses 2 and 3 give background information about Aquila and Priscilla. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) | |
2454 | ACT | 18 | 2 | y97p | translate-names | Ποντικὸν τῷ γένει | 1 | a native of Pontus | Pontus was a province on the southern coast of the Black Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2455 | ACT | 18 | 2 | q4va | προσφάτως ἐληλυθότα | 1 | who had recently come | This probably happened sometime in the past year. | |
2456 | ACT | 18 | 2 | n631 | translate-names | τῆς Ἰταλίας…τῆς Ῥώμης | 1 | Italy | Italy is the name of land. Rome is the capital city of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2457 | ACT | 18 | 2 | n95f | τὸ διατεταχέναι Κλαύδιον | 1 | Claudius had ordered | Claudius was the current Roman emperor. See how you translated this in Acts 11:28. | |
2458 | ACT | 18 | 3 | q259 | τὸ ὁμότεχνον εἶναι | 1 | he was of the same trade | Alternate translation: “he did the same kind of work that they did” | |
2459 | ACT | 18 | 4 | h3az | διελέγετο δὲ | 1 | And he reasoned | This means that rather than just preaching, Paul talked and interacted with the people. Alternate translation: “And Paul debated” or “And Paul discussed” | |
2460 | ACT | 18 | 4 | r2gp | ἔπειθέν τε Ἰουδαίους καὶ Ἕλληνας | 1 | persuading both Jews and Greeks | This could mean: (1) “he caused both Jews and Greeks to believe” or (2) “he kept trying to persuade the Jews and the Greeks.” | |
2461 | ACT | 18 | 5 | r56h | 0 | General Information: | Silas and Timothy rejoin Paul. | ||
2462 | ACT | 18 | 6 | ncx8 | translate-symaction | ἐκτιναξάμενος τὰ ἱμάτια | 1 | shaking out his garment | This is a symbolic action to indicate that Paul will no longer try to teach the Jews there about Jesus. He is leaving them to God’s judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
2463 | ACT | 18 | 6 | z12a | figs-metonymy | τὸ αἷμα ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν ὑμῶν | 1 | Your blood be upon your head | Here, blood stands for the guilt of their actions. Paul tells the Jews they are solely responsible for the judgment they will face for their stubbornness if they refuse to repent. Alternate translation: “You alone bear the responsibility for your punishment for sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2464 | ACT | 18 | 6 | pacx | figs-synecdoche | τὸ αἷμα ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν ὑμῶν | 1 | Here, head refers to the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2465 | ACT | 18 | 7 | cd3u | εἰσῆλθεν | 1 | Here the word he refers to Paul. | ||
2466 | ACT | 18 | 7 | vs6y | translate-names | Τιτίου Ἰούστου | 1 | Titius Justus | Titius Justus is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2467 | ACT | 18 | 7 | v8xg | σεβομένου τὸν Θεόν | 1 | who worships God | A worshiper of God is a Gentile who gives praise to God and follows him but does not necessarily obey all of the Jewish laws. | |
2468 | ACT | 18 | 8 | lj2t | translate-names | Κρίσπος | 1 | Crispus | Crispus is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2469 | ACT | 18 | 8 | kkk9 | ἀρχισυνάγωγος | 1 | leader of the synagogue | The leader of the synagogue was a layperson who sponsored and administered the synagogue, but not necessarily the teacher. | |
2470 | ACT | 18 | 8 | uaq5 | figs-metonymy | ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ | 1 | all those in his house | Here, house refers to the people who lived together. Alternate translation: “the people who lived with him in his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2471 | ACT | 18 | 8 | t3np | figs-activepassive | ἐβαπτίζοντο | 1 | were being baptized | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “were receiving baptism” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2472 | ACT | 18 | 9 | ws7p | figs-parallelism | μὴ φοβοῦ, ἀλλὰ λάλει καὶ μὴ σιωπήσῃς | 1 | Do not be afraid, but continue speaking and do not be silent | The Lord is giving one command in two different ways to emphasize that Paul should certainly continue preaching. Alternate translation: “You must not be afraid and, instead, continue to speak and not become silent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
2473 | ACT | 18 | 9 | zg8a | figs-doublet | λάλει καὶ μὴ σιωπήσῃς | 1 | continue speaking and do not be silent | The Lord gives the same command in two different ways to strongly command Paul to speak. Alternate translation: “you must certainly continue to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
2474 | ACT | 18 | 9 | a529 | figs-explicit | μὴ σιωπήσῃς | 1 | do not be silent | It can be stated explicitly what the Lord wants Paul to speak. Alternate translation: “do not stop speaking about the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2475 | ACT | 18 | 10 | a8lq | λαός ἐστί μοι πολὺς ἐν τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ | 1 | I have many people in this city | Alternate translation: “there are many people in this city who have put their faith in me” or “many people in this city will put their faith in me” | |
2476 | ACT | 18 | 11 | mqx2 | writing-endofstory | ἐκάθισεν δὲ ἐνιαυτὸν καὶ μῆνας ἓξ, διδάσκων ἐν αὐτοῖς τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | And so he stayed there for a year and six months, teaching the word of God among them | This is a concluding statement for this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) |
2477 | ACT | 18 | 11 | a18w | figs-synecdoche | τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | Here, word of God is a synecdoche for the entire Scriptures. Alternate translation: “the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2478 | ACT | 18 | 12 | f41k | translate-names | τῆς Ἀχαΐας | 1 | Achaia was the Roman province in which Corinth was located. Corinth was the largest city in southern Greece and the capital of the province. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
2479 | ACT | 18 | 12 | b5bf | 0 | Connecting Statement: | The unbelieving Jews bring Paul to the judgment seat before Gallio. | ||
2480 | ACT | 18 | 12 | se8m | translate-names | Γαλλίωνος | 1 | Gallio | Gallio is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2481 | ACT | 18 | 12 | j762 | figs-synecdoche | οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι | 1 | the Jews | Here, the Jews stands for the Jewish leaders that did not believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2482 | ACT | 18 | 12 | lp79 | κατεπέστησαν ὁμοθυμαδὸν | 1 | rose up together against | Alternate translation: “came together against” or “joined together to attack” | |
2483 | ACT | 18 | 12 | u36c | figs-metonymy | ἤγαγον αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα | 1 | brought him before the judgment seat | The Jews took Paul by force to bring Paul before the court. Here, judgment seat refers to the place where Gallio sat when he made legal decisions in court. Alternate translation: “took him so that the governor could judge him at the judgment seat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2484 | ACT | 18 | 14 | d13b | ὁ Γαλλίων | 1 | Gallio | Gallio was the Roman governor of the Province. | |
2485 | ACT | 18 | 15 | y6mt | νόμου τοῦ καθ’ ὑμᾶς | 1 | your law | Here, law refers to the law of Moses and as well as the Jewish customs of Paul’s time. | |
2486 | ACT | 18 | 15 | khr5 | κριτὴς ἐγὼ τούτων οὐ βούλομαι εἶναι | 1 | I do not want to be a judge of these matters | Alternate translation: “I refuse to make a judgment about these matters” | |
2487 | ACT | 18 | 16 | d6nh | figs-metonymy | ἀπήλασεν αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ βήματος | 1 | he sent them away from the judgment seat | Here, judgment seat refers to the place where Gallio sits to make legal decisions in court. Alternate translation: “Gallio made them leave his presence in the court” or “Gallio made them leave the court” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2488 | ACT | 18 | 17 | yf81 | ἐπιλαβόμενοι…πάντες | 1 | Here the word they probably refers to the Gentiles at the court. They reacted against the Jews who had brought Paul before the judgment seat (Acts 18:12). | ||
2489 | ACT | 18 | 17 | cyk6 | figs-hyperbole | ἐπιλαβόμενοι…πάντες | 1 | they all, having seized | This may be an exaggeration to emphasize the strong feelings the people had. Alternate translation: “many people seized” or “many of them grabbed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
2490 | ACT | 18 | 17 | mj77 | ἐπιλαβόμενοι δὲ πάντες Σωσθένην τὸν ἀρχισυνάγωγον, ἔτυπτον ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ βήματος | 1 | But they all, having seized Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue, were beating him in front of the judgment seat | This could mean: (1) the Gentiles beat Sosthenes in the court in front of the judgment seat because he was the Jewish leader or (2) it is possible that Sosthenes was a believer in Christ, so the Jews beat him in front of the court. | |
2491 | ACT | 18 | 17 | x9w5 | translate-names | Σωσθένην τὸν ἀρχισυνάγωγον | 1 | Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue | Sosthenes was the Jewish ruler of the synagogue at Corinth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2492 | ACT | 18 | 17 | z9fv | ἔτυπτον | 1 | were beating him | Alternate translation: “repeatedly hit him” or “repeatedly punched him” | |
2493 | ACT | 18 | 18 | x25w | translate-names | κειράμενος ἐν Κενχρεαῖς…εἶχεν | 1 | Here the words He and he refer to Paul. Cenchreae was a seaport that was part of the greater Corinth city area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
2494 | ACT | 18 | 18 | ura9 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | This continues Paul’s missionary journey as Paul, Priscilla, and Aquila leave Corinth. This seems to indicate that Silas and Timothy remain since it says “he” here and not “we.” | ||
2495 | ACT | 18 | 18 | et8c | figs-gendernotations | τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ἀποταξάμενος | 1 | left the brothers | The word brothers refers to men and women believers. Alternate translation: “left the fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
2496 | ACT | 18 | 18 | v5kl | ἐξέπλει εἰς τὴν Συρίαν, καὶ σὺν αὐτῷ Πρίσκιλλα καὶ Ἀκύλας | 1 | and sailed to Syria, and Priscilla and Aquila were with him | Paul got on a ship that sailed for Syria. Priscilla and Aquila went with him. | |
2497 | ACT | 18 | 18 | kq6f | translate-symaction | κειράμενος ἐν Κενχρεαῖς τὴν κεφαλήν, εἶχεν γὰρ εὐχήν | 1 | He had cut the hair of his head … because he had a vow | This is a symbolic action that indicates the completion of a vow. Alternate translation: “he had someone cut off the hair on his head in Cenchrea because he had completed a vow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
2498 | ACT | 18 | 19 | abcx | κἀκείνους κατέλιπεν | 1 | he left them | Alternate translation: “Paul left Priscilla and Aquilla” | |
2499 | ACT | 18 | 19 | st93 | διελέξατο | 1 | reasoned with | Alternate translation: “discussed with” or “debated with” | |
2500 | ACT | 18 | 20 | u44s | ἐρωτώντων | 1 | Here the word “they” refers to the Jews in Ephesus. | ||
2501 | ACT | 18 | 21 | iz1u | ἀποταξάμενος | 1 | having left them | Alternate translation: “when he had departed from them” | |
2502 | ACT | 18 | 22 | p364 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul continues his missionary journey. | ||
2503 | ACT | 18 | 22 | gyy4 | κατελθὼν εἰς Καισάρειαν | 1 | having landed at Caesarea | The word landed is used to show that he arrived by ship. Alternate translation: “when he had arrived at Caesarea” | |
2504 | ACT | 18 | 22 | r26z | ἀναβὰς | 1 | having gone up | He traveled to the city of Jerusalem. The phrase gone up is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than Caesarea. | |
2505 | ACT | 18 | 22 | q9j6 | figs-metonymy | ἀσπασάμενος τὴν ἐκκλησίαν | 1 | greeted the church | Here, church refers to the believers in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “greeted the members of the church of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2506 | ACT | 18 | 22 | n3rh | κατέβη | 1 | he went down | The phrase went down is used here because Antioch is lower in elevation than Jerusalem. | |
2507 | ACT | 18 | 23 | h65j | figs-metaphor | καὶ ποιήσας χρόνον τινὰ | 1 | And having spent some time there | This speaks about time as if it were a commodity that a person could spend. Alternate translation: “And after staying there for a while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2508 | ACT | 18 | 23 | pww5 | ἐξῆλθεν | 1 | he departed | Alternate translation: “Paul went away” or “Paul left” | |
2509 | ACT | 18 | 23 | pr6u | Φρυγίαν | 1 | Phrygia is a province in Asia which is now modern day Turkey. See how you translated this in Acts 2:10. | ||
2510 | ACT | 18 | 24 | a7p9 | writing-background | Ἀπολλῶς | 1 | Apollos is introduced to the story. Verses 24 and 25 give background information about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) | |
2511 | ACT | 18 | 24 | xqy7 | δέ | 1 | Now | The word Now is used here to mark a break in the main story line. | |
2512 | ACT | 18 | 24 | n2b4 | writing-participants | Ἰουδαῖος…τις Ἀπολλῶς ὀνόματι | 1 | a certain Jew named Apollos | The phrase a certain indicates that Luke is introducing Apollos as a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
2513 | ACT | 18 | 24 | di14 | translate-names | Ἀλεξανδρεὺς τῷ γένει | 1 | an Alexandrian by birth | Alexandria was a city in Egypt on the north coast of Africa. Alternate translation: “a man who was born in the city of Alexandria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2514 | ACT | 18 | 24 | t4zi | ἀνὴρ λόγιος | 1 | an eloquent man | Alternate translation: “a good speaker” | |
2515 | ACT | 18 | 24 | bh25 | δυνατὸς ὢν ἐν ταῖς Γραφαῖς | 1 | He was mighty in the scriptures | He understood the Old Testament writings well. Alternate translation: “he knew the scriptures thoroughly” | |
2516 | ACT | 18 | 25 | z7a8 | figs-activepassive | οὗτος ἦν κατηχημένος τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | He had been instructed in the way of the Lord | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Other believers had taught Apollos how the Lord Jesus wanted people to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2517 | ACT | 18 | 25 | ift8 | figs-synecdoche | καὶ ζέων τῷ πνεύματι | 1 | and being fervent in spirit | Here, spirit refers to the entire person of Apollos. Alternate translation: “and being very enthusiastic” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2518 | ACT | 18 | 25 | lr1h | τὸ βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου | 1 | the baptism of John | This is comparing John’s baptism which was with water to Jesus’ baptism which is with the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “the baptism that John performed” | |
2519 | ACT | 18 | 26 | muc2 | Πρίσκιλλα καὶ Ἀκύλας προσελάβοντο αὐτὸν, καὶ ἀκριβέστερον αὐτῷ ἐξέθεντο τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Luke tells what happens in Ephesus with Priscilla and Aquila. | |
2520 | ACT | 18 | 26 | ga6v | figs-metaphor | τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | the way of God | How God wants people to live is spoken of as if it were a road that a person travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2521 | ACT | 18 | 26 | k1lb | ἀκριβέστερον | 1 | more accurately | Alternate translation: “more correctly” or “more fully” | |
2522 | ACT | 18 | 27 | c2sq | αὐτοῦ…προτρεψάμενοι…αὐτόν…ὃς…συνεβάλετο πολὺ | 1 | Here the he words he and him refer to Apollos (Acts 18:24). | ||
2523 | ACT | 18 | 27 | ll36 | διελθεῖν εἰς τὴν Ἀχαΐαν | 1 | to pass over into Achaia | The phrase pass over is used here because Apollos had to cross the Aegean Sea to get to Achaia from Ephesus. Alternate translation: “to go to the region of Achaia” | |
2524 | ACT | 18 | 27 | pql7 | τὴν Ἀχαΐαν | 1 | Achaia | Achaia was a Roman Province in the southern section of Greece. See how you translated this in Acts 18:12. | |
2525 | ACT | 18 | 27 | v2i6 | figs-gendernotations | οἱ ἀδελφοὶ | 1 | brothers | The word brothers here refers to both men and women believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
2526 | ACT | 18 | 27 | i5ij | figs-explicit | οἱ ἀδελφοὶ | 1 | You can make explicit that the brothers are believers in Ephesus. Alternate translation: “fellow believers in Ephesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2527 | ACT | 18 | 27 | q5f2 | ἔγραψαν τοῖς μαθηταῖς | 1 | and wrote to the disciples | Alternate translation: “and wrote a letter to the Christians in Achaia” | |
2528 | ACT | 18 | 27 | f99p | τοῖς πεπιστευκόσιν διὰ τῆς χάριτος | 1 | those who had believed by grace | Alternate translation: “those who had believed in salvation by grace” or “those who by God’s grace believed in Jesus” | |
2529 | ACT | 18 | 28 | l2zt | εὐτόνως…τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις διακατηλέγχετο δημοσίᾳ | 1 | he was powerfully refuting the Jews publicly | Alternate translation: “in public debate Apollos powerfully proved that the Jews were wrong” | |
2530 | ACT | 19 | intro | g38y | 0 | Acts 19 General NotesSpecial concepts in this chapterBaptismJohn baptized people to show that they were sorry for their sins. Jesus’ followers baptized people who wanted to follow Jesus. Temple of DianaThe temple of Diana was an important place in the city of Ephesus. Many people came to Ephesus to see this temple, and they bought statues of the goddess Diana while they were there. The people who sold statues of Diana were afraid that if people did not believe Diana was a real goddess, they would stop giving the sellers money for statues. | |||
2531 | ACT | 19 | 1 | lp23 | ἐγένετο δὲ | 1 | And it happened that | This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. | |
2532 | ACT | 19 | 1 | wu6p | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul travels to Ephesus. | ||
2533 | ACT | 19 | 1 | rhv1 | Παῦλον διελθόντα τὰ ἀνωτερικὰ μέρη, κατελθεῖν εἰς Ἔφεσον | 1 | The upper parts was an area of Asia which today is part of modern-day Turkey to the north of Ephesus. Paul must have traveled by land around the top of the Aegean sea in order to come to Ephesus (also in Turkey today) which is directly east of Corinth by sea. | ||
2534 | ACT | 19 | 1 | ati9 | διελθόντα | 1 | passed through | Alternate translation: “traveled through” | |
2535 | ACT | 19 | 2 | wqi4 | εἰ Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον ἐλάβετε | 1 | Did you receive the Holy Spirit | This means to have the Holy Spirit come upon them. | |
2536 | ACT | 19 | 2 | nvn4 | οὐδ’ εἰ Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον ἔστιν ἠκούσαμεν | 1 | we did not even heard if there is a Holy Spirit | Alternate translation: “we have never heard about the Holy Spirit” | |
2537 | ACT | 19 | 3 | mrm6 | figs-activepassive | εἰς τί οὖν ἐβαπτίσθητε | 1 | Into what then were you baptized? | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “What kind of baptism did you receive?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2538 | ACT | 19 | 3 | jzp7 | figs-ellipsis | εἰς τὸ Ἰωάννου βάπτισμα | 1 | Into the baptism of John | You can translate this as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “We received the kind of baptism about which John taught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
2539 | ACT | 19 | 4 | r46y | figs-abstractnouns | βάπτισμα μετανοίας | 1 | a baptism of repentance | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word repentance, you could express the same idea with the verb “repent.” Alternate translation: “the baptism that people requested when they wanted to repent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
2540 | ACT | 19 | 4 | pv7t | τὸν ἐρχόμενον | 1 | the one who is coming | Here, the one refers to Jesus. | |
2541 | ACT | 19 | 4 | q5fh | τὸν ἐρχόμενον μετ’ αὐτὸν | 1 | the one who is coming after him | This means to come after John the Baptist in time and not following after him physically. | |
2542 | ACT | 19 | 5 | k9st | ἐβαπτίσθησαν | 1 | they were baptized | Here, they refers to the disciples in Ephesus who were talking with Paul (Acts 19:1), | |
2543 | ACT | 19 | 5 | ueh1 | figs-activepassive | ἐβαπτίσθησαν | 1 | they were baptized | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “they received baptism” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2544 | ACT | 19 | 5 | g2dm | figs-metonymy | εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ | 1 | in the name of the Lord Jesus | Here, name refers to Jesus’ power and authority. Alternate translation: “as believers in the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2545 | ACT | 19 | 6 | gk8l | ἐπιθέντος αὐτοῖς τοῦ Παύλου χεῖρας | 1 | when Paul had laid his hands on them | He probably placed his hands on their shoulders or heads. Alternate translation: “when Paul had placed his hands on their heads as he prayed” | |
2546 | ACT | 19 | 6 | j4n8 | ἐλάλουν τε γλώσσαις καὶ ἐπροφήτευον | 1 | and they began to speak in tongues and prophesy | Unlike in Acts 2:3-4, there are no details of who understood their messages. | |
2547 | ACT | 19 | 7 | e7kj | writing-background | ἦσαν δὲ οἱ πάντες ἄνδρες ὡσεὶ δώδεκα | 1 | And they were about 12 men in all | This tells how many men were baptized. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
2548 | ACT | 19 | 8 | qv8z | εἰσελθὼν…εἰς τὴν συναγωγὴν, ἐπαρρησιάζετο ἐπὶ μῆνας τρεῖς | 1 | having gone into the synagogue, he was speaking boldly for three months | Alternate translation: “Paul regularly attended the synagogue meetings for three months and spoke there boldly” | |
2549 | ACT | 19 | 8 | yky2 | διαλεγόμενος καὶ πείθων | 1 | reasoning and persuading them | Alternate translation: “convincing people with convincing arguments and with clear teaching” | |
2550 | ACT | 19 | 8 | v8et | figs-metonymy | περὶ τῆς Βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | about the kingdom of God | Here, kingdom stands for God’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “about God’s rule as king” or “about how God would show himself as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2551 | ACT | 19 | 9 | mq1g | figs-metaphor | τινες ἐσκληρύνοντο καὶ ἠπείθουν | 1 | some were hardened and being disobedient | To stubbornly refuse to believe is spoken of as though the people were becoming hardened and unable to move. Alternate translation: “some Jews were stubborn and did not believe” or “some Jews stubbornly refused to accept and obey the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2552 | ACT | 19 | 9 | n6ir | figs-metaphor | κακολογοῦντες τὴν ὁδὸν ἐνώπιον τοῦ πλήθους | 1 | speaking evil of the Way before the crowd | What Christ wants people to believe is spoken of as though it were a road that a person travels. The phrase the Way seems to have been a title for Christianity at the time. Alternate translation: “speaking evil about Christianity to the crowd” or “speaking to the crowd evil things about those who follow Christ and who obey his teaching about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and Acts 9:2) |
2553 | ACT | 19 | 9 | ts8d | κακολογοῦντες | 1 | speaking evil | Alternate translation: “speaking bad things about” | |
2554 | ACT | 19 | 9 | xsm6 | ἐν τῇ σχολῇ Τυράννου | 1 | in the lecture hall of Tyrannus | Alternate translation: “in the large room where Tyrannus had taught people” | |
2555 | ACT | 19 | 9 | den4 | translate-names | Τυράννου | 1 | of Tyrannus | Tyrannus is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2556 | ACT | 19 | 10 | cw5g | figs-hyperbole | πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας τὴν Ἀσίαν ἀκοῦσαι τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | all those who lived in Asia heard the word of the Lord | Here, all is a generalization that means very many people throughout Asia heard the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
2557 | ACT | 19 | 10 | kj12 | figs-metonymy | τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | the word of the Lord | Here, word stands for a message. Alternate translation: “the message about the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2558 | ACT | 19 | 11 | fa6h | figs-synecdoche | δυνάμεις τε οὐ τὰς τυχούσας, ὁ Θεὸς ἐποίει διὰ τῶν χειρῶν Παύλου | 1 | And God was doing not ordinary miracles by the hands of Paul | Here, hands stands for Paul’s whole person. Alternate translation: “And God was causing Paul to do unusual miracles” or “And God was doing amazing miracles through Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2559 | ACT | 19 | 11 | abcy | οὐ τὰς τυχούσας | 1 | not ordinary | Alternate translation: “unusual” | |
2560 | ACT | 19 | 12 | cb6w | αὐτῶν τὰς νόσους…ἐκπορεύεσθαι | 1 | Here the words their and them refer to those who were sick. | ||
2561 | ACT | 19 | 12 | m3kl | καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας ἀποφέρεσθαι ἀπὸ τοῦ χρωτὸς αὐτοῦ σουδάρια ἢ σιμικίνθια, καὶ | 1 | even handkerchiefs and aprons from his body were taken to the sick and | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when they took to sick people even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched Paul” | |
2562 | ACT | 19 | 12 | vc1v | καὶ…ἀπὸ τοῦ χρωτὸς αὐτοῦ σουδάρια ἢ σιμικίνθια | 1 | even handkerchiefs and aprons from his body | This could mean: (1) these were cloth items that Paul had touched or (2) these were cloth items that Paul had worn or used. | |
2563 | ACT | 19 | 12 | aks4 | σουδάρια | 1 | handkerchiefs | The handkerchiefs were small pieces of cloth used to wipe one’s face. | |
2564 | ACT | 19 | 12 | xs31 | σιμικίνθια | 1 | aprons | The aprons were clothing worn on the front of the body to protect the clothes of the wearers. | |
2565 | ACT | 19 | 12 | kw9z | figs-nominaladj | τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας | 1 | the sick | This refers to sick people. Alternate translation: “sick people” or “those who were sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
2566 | ACT | 19 | 12 | nl3a | ἀπαλλάσσεσθαι ἀπ’ αὐτῶν τὰς νόσους | 1 | their illnesses departed from them | Alternate translation: “those who were sick became healthy” | |
2567 | ACT | 19 | 13 | he2x | 0 | General Information: | This is the beginning of another event that happened while Paul was in Ephesus. It is about Jewish exorcists. | ||
2568 | ACT | 19 | 13 | fgq4 | ἐξορκιστῶν | 1 | exorcists | These exorcists were people who sent evil spirits away from people or places. | |
2569 | ACT | 19 | 13 | s12u | figs-metonymy | τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ | 1 | the name of the Lord Jesus | Here, name refers to Jesus’ power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2570 | ACT | 19 | 13 | d59p | τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ὃν Παῦλος κηρύσσει | 1 | by the Jesus whom Paul proclaims | Jesus was a common name at the time, so these exorcists wanted people to know of whom they spoke. | |
2571 | ACT | 19 | 13 | vqt1 | figs-metonymy | τὸν Ἰησοῦν | 1 | by the Jesus | This phrase stands for the power and authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: “by the authority of Jesus” or “by the power of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2572 | ACT | 19 | 14 | cb8p | translate-names | Σκευᾶ | 1 | of Sceva | Sceva is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2573 | ACT | 19 | 15 | i4a2 | τὸν Ἰησοῦν γινώσκω, καὶ τὸν Παῦλον ἐπίσταμαι | 1 | Jesus I know, and Paul I know | Alternate translation: “I know Jesus and Paul” or “I know Jesus, and I know Paul” | |
2574 | ACT | 19 | 15 | nsl1 | figs-rquestion | ὑμεῖς δὲ τίνες ἐστέ? | 1 | but who are you? | The spirit asked this question to emphasize that the exorcists had no authority over evil spirits. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “but I do not know you!” or “but you have no authority over me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
2575 | ACT | 19 | 16 | ty4x | ἐφαλόμενος ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς, ἐν ᾧ ἦν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ πονηρὸν | 1 | the man in whom was the evil spirit, after leaping on them | This means that the evil spirit caused the man whom it was controlling to leap on the exorcists. | |
2576 | ACT | 19 | 16 | lu7u | αὐτοὺς | 1 | them | Here, them refers to the exorcists who send evil spirits from people or places. See how you translated this in Acts 19:13. | |
2577 | ACT | 19 | 16 | b8cb | γυμνοὺς…ἐκφυγεῖν | 1 | they fled … naked | The exorcists fled with their clothes ripped off them. | |
2578 | ACT | 19 | 17 | j85h | figs-activepassive | ἐμεγαλύνετο τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ | 1 | the name of the Lord Jesus was magnified | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “they magnified the name of the Lord Jesus” or “they considered the name of the Lord Jesus to be great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2579 | ACT | 19 | 17 | j2hh | figs-metonymy | τὸ ὄνομα | 1 | the name | Here, the name stands for the power and authority of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2580 | ACT | 19 | 19 | z9rj | συνενέγκαντες τὰς βίβλους | 1 | having brought their books together | The word books refers to scrolls on which magical incantations and formulas were written. Alternate translation: “having collected their books” | |
2581 | ACT | 19 | 19 | m6nf | ἐνώπιον πάντων | 1 | before everyone | Alternate translation: “in front of everyone” | |
2582 | ACT | 19 | 19 | upz3 | τὰς τιμὰς αὐτῶν | 1 | the value of them | Alternate translation: “the value of the books” or “the value of the scrolls” | |
2583 | ACT | 19 | 19 | u9pi | translate-numbers | μυριάδας πέντε | 1 | 50000 | Alternate translation: “fifty thousand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
2584 | ACT | 19 | 19 | bcv2 | translate-bmoney | ἀργυρίου | 1 | pieces of silver | Each of the pieces of silver was the approximate daily wage for a common laborer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) |
2585 | ACT | 19 | 20 | tj8t | writing-endofstory | 0 | This ends the story about the Jewish exorcists. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) | ||
2586 | ACT | 19 | 20 | es71 | figs-synecdoche | οὕτως κατὰ κράτος τοῦ Κυρίου ὁ λόγος ηὔξανεν καὶ ἴσχυεν | 1 | So the word of the Lord was spreading and prevailing according to power | Alternate translation: “So because of these powerful deeds, more and more people heard the message about the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2587 | ACT | 19 | 21 | k1j1 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul talks about going Jerusalem but does not leave Ephesus yet. | ||
2588 | ACT | 19 | 21 | de4f | δὲ | 1 | Now | The word Now is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke starts to tell a new part of the story. | |
2589 | ACT | 19 | 21 | q18b | ἐπληρώθη ταῦτα…ὁ Παῦλος | 1 | this was completed, Paul | Alternate translation: “Paul had completed the work that God had for him to do in Ephesus, he” | |
2590 | ACT | 19 | 21 | fgq5 | ἔθετο…ἐν τῷ Πνεύματι | 1 | he determined in the Spirit | This could mean: (1) Paul decided with the help of the Holy Spirit or (2) Paul decided within his own spirit, which means he made up his mind. | |
2591 | ACT | 19 | 21 | brb7 | Ἀχαΐαν | 1 | Achaia | Achaia was the Roman province in which Corinth was located. It was the largest city in southern Greece and the capital of the province. See how you translated this in Acts 18:12. | |
2592 | ACT | 19 | 21 | rdz4 | δεῖ με καὶ Ῥώμην ἰδεῖν | 1 | it is necessary for me also to see Rome | Alternate translation: “I must also travel to Rome” | |
2593 | ACT | 19 | 22 | cy6f | translate-names | Ἔραστον | 1 | Erastus | Erastus is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2594 | ACT | 19 | 22 | k35j | figs-explicit | αὐτὸς ἐπέσχεν χρόνον εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν | 1 | he himself stayed in Asia for a time | It is made explicit in the next few verses that Paul remains in Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2595 | ACT | 19 | 22 | uy9x | figs-rpronouns | αὐτὸς ἐπέσχεν | 1 | he himself stayed | Here, himself is added for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) |
2596 | ACT | 19 | 23 | l7gz | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Luke tells about a riot that broke out while Paul was in Ephesus. | ||
2597 | ACT | 19 | 23 | nb3p | figs-litotes | ἐγένετο…τάραχος οὐκ ὀλίγος | 1 | there was no small disturbance | Luke uses the negative no small to indicate that the riot was very large. See how you translated this in Acts 12:18 Alternate translation: “the people became very upset” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
2598 | ACT | 19 | 23 | rwf2 | τῆς ὁδοῦ | 1 | the Way | This was a term used to refer to Christianity. See how you translated this title in Acts 9:1. | |
2599 | ACT | 19 | 24 | y5ae | writing-background | Δημήτριος…τις ὀνόματι ἀργυροκόπος, ποιῶν ναοὺς ἀργυροῦς Ἀρτέμιδος | 1 | This verse introduces background information about Demetrius. Ephesus had a large temple dedicated to the goddess Artemis, sometimes translated as “Diana.” She was a false goddess of fertility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) | |
2600 | ACT | 19 | 24 | opb9 | translate-names | Δημήτριος | 1 | Demetrius is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
2601 | ACT | 19 | 24 | cg16 | writing-participants | Δημήτριος…τις ὀνόματι ἀργυροκόπος | 1 | a certain silversmith named Demetrius | The use of the words a certain introduces a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
2602 | ACT | 19 | 24 | nwt7 | ἀργυροκόπος | 1 | a silversmith | A silversmith is a craftsman who works with silver metal to make statues and jewelry. | |
2603 | ACT | 19 | 24 | p58m | figs-litotes | παρείχετο…οὐκ ὀλίγην ἐργασίαν | 1 | brought in not a little business | Luke uses the negative not a little to say that he brought in much business. Alternate translation: “made a lot of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
2604 | ACT | 19 | 25 | kuz6 | τοὺς περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐργάτας | 1 | the workmen of that occupation | An occupation is a profession or job. Alternate translation: “others who did that kind of work” | |
2605 | ACT | 19 | 26 | rm6w | θεωρεῖτε καὶ ἀκούετε ὅτι | 1 | you see and hear that | Alternate translation: “you have come to know and understand that” | |
2606 | ACT | 19 | 26 | rx32 | figs-metaphor | μετέστησεν ἱκανὸν ὄχλον | 1 | and turned away a considerable crowd | Paul’s stopping people from worshiping idols is spoken of as though Paul were literally turning the people in a different direction. Alternate translation: “and caused many people to stop worshiping the local gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2607 | ACT | 19 | 26 | z7e7 | figs-synecdoche | λέγων ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν θεοὶ, οἱ διὰ χειρῶν γινόμενοι | 1 | He is saying that the things that are being made with hands are not gods | Here the word hands can refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “He is saying that the idols that people make are not real gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2608 | ACT | 19 | 27 | r1w2 | figs-activepassive | τοῦτο κινδυνεύει ἡμῖν, τὸ μέρος εἰς ἀπελεγμὸν ἐλθεῖν | 1 | is this trade in peril for us to come to disrepute | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “might the people no longer want to buy idols that we make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2609 | ACT | 19 | 27 | j3bb | figs-activepassive | τὸ τῆς μεγάλης θεᾶς Ἀρτέμιδος ἱερὸν, εἰς οὐθὲν λογισθῆναι | 1 | the temple of the great goddess Artemis may be considered as nothing | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the people may think there is no benefit in going to the temple to worship the great goddess Artemis” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2610 | ACT | 19 | 27 | bqt4 | μέλλειν τε καὶ καθαιρεῖσθαι τῆς μεγαλειότητος αὐτῆς | 1 | And indeed, her majesty is about to be destroyed | Artemis’s greatness only comes from what people think of her. | |
2611 | ACT | 19 | 27 | hz7l | figs-hyperbole | ἣν ὅλη ἡ Ἀσία καὶ ἡ οἰκουμένη σέβεται | 1 | whom all Asia and the world worships | This was an exaggeration to show how popular the goddess Artemis was. Alternate translation: “whom many parts Asia and other parts of the world worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
2612 | ACT | 19 | 27 | aq5c | figs-metonymy | ἣν ὅλη ἡ Ἀσία καὶ ἡ οἰκουμένη σέβεται | 1 | Here the words Asia and the world refer to the people in Asia and the known world. Alternate translation: “whom many people in Asia and in other parts of the world worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2613 | ACT | 19 | 28 | t4lm | ἔκραζον | 1 | Here they refers to the craftsmen who made the idols (Acts 19:24-25). | ||
2614 | ACT | 19 | 28 | uc5c | figs-metaphor | γενόμενοι πλήρεις θυμοῦ | 1 | having become filled with anger | This speaks of the craftsmen as though they were containers. Here, anger is spoken of as if it were the contents that fill a container. Alternate translation: “they became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2615 | ACT | 19 | 28 | lcx8 | ἔκραζον | 1 | they cried out | Alternate translation: “they shouted aloud” or “they shouted loudly” | |
2616 | ACT | 19 | 28 | ii1u | 0 | General Information: | Ephesus was part of the Roman empire and in the province of Asia. | ||
2617 | ACT | 19 | 29 | t7xs | figs-metonymy | ἐπλήσθη ἡ πόλις τῆς συγχύσεως | 1 | the whole city was filled with confusion | Here, city refers to the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2618 | ACT | 19 | 29 | u42d | figs-metaphor | ἐπλήσθη ἡ πόλις τῆς συγχύσεως | 1 | The city is spoken of as if it were a container. And, confusion is spoken of as if it were the contents that filled the container. Alternate translation: “people all over the city became upset and started shouting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2619 | ACT | 19 | 29 | nt7y | ὥρμησάν τε ὁμοθυμαδὸν | 1 | and they rushed together | This was a mob or near riot situation. | |
2620 | ACT | 19 | 29 | ej3q | εἰς τὸ θέατρον | 1 | into the theater | The Ephesus theater was used for public meetings and for entertainment such as plays and music. It was an outdoor semi-circular area with bench seats that could hold thousands of people. | |
2621 | ACT | 19 | 29 | hjc8 | Γάϊον καὶ Ἀρίσταρχον Μακεδόνας, συνεκδήμους Παύλου | 1 | Paul’s … travel companions | These were men who had been with Paul. | |
2622 | ACT | 19 | 29 | d6r9 | translate-names | Γάϊον…Ἀρίσταρχον | 1 | Gaius … Aristarchus | Gaius and Aristarchus are names of men. Gaius and Aristarchus came from Macedonia but were working with Paul in Ephesus at this time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2623 | ACT | 19 | 31 | z7ww | τὸ θέατρον | 1 | the theater | The Ephesus theater was used for public meetings and for entertainment such as plays and music. It was an outdoor semi-circular area with bench seats that could hold thousands of people. See how you translated theater in Acts 19:29. | |
2624 | ACT | 19 | 33 | jr85 | translate-names | Ἀλέξανδρον | 1 | Alexander | Alexander is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2625 | ACT | 19 | 33 | j1mi | figs-explicit | κατασείσας τὴν χεῖρα | 1 | motioned with his hand | You can make explicit that Alexander was showing the crowd that he wanted them to be quiet. Alternate translation: “gestured to the crowd to be quiet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2626 | ACT | 19 | 33 | tlq7 | ἀπολογεῖσθαι | 1 | to give a defense | It is not clear whom or what Alexander wanted to defend. If your language requires this information, it might be best to use a general phrase like “to explain what was going on.” | |
2627 | ACT | 19 | 34 | u1hp | figs-metaphor | φωνὴ ἐγένετο μία ἐκ πάντων | 1 | there was one voice from all of them | The shouting together of the people at the same time is spoken of as though they were speaking with one voice. Alternate translation: “they were shouting in unison” or “they were shouting together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2628 | ACT | 19 | 35 | pu96 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | The clerk of Ephesus speaks to quiet the crowd. | ||
2629 | ACT | 19 | 35 | sy9m | ὁ γραμματεὺς | 1 | the town clerk | This town clerk was like a “writer” or “secretary” for the town. | |
2630 | ACT | 19 | 35 | sd3s | figs-rquestion | τίς γάρ ἐστιν ἀνθρώπων, ὃς οὐ γινώσκει τὴν Ἐφεσίων πόλιν νεωκόρον οὖσαν τῆς μεγάλης Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ τοῦ διοπετοῦς? | 1 | what man indeed is there who does not know that the city of Ephesus is temple keeper of the great Artemis and of that which is fallen down from heaven? | The clerk asked this question to assure the crowd they were right and to comfort them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “for every man knows that the Ephesians guard the temple of the great Artemis and of her image that fell down from heaven.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
2631 | ACT | 19 | 35 | k8dy | figs-litotes | ὃς οὐ γινώσκει | 1 | who does not know | The town clerk uses not to emphasize that all of the people knew this. Alternate translation: “everyone knows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
2632 | ACT | 19 | 35 | hiw3 | νεωκόρον…τῆς μεγάλης Ἀρτέμιδος | 1 | temple keeper | The Ephesian people maintained and guarded the temple of Artemis. | |
2633 | ACT | 19 | 35 | afd1 | τοῦ διοπετοῦς | 1 | of that which is fallen down from heaven | Within the temple of Artemis was an image of the goddess. It had been fashioned from a meteorite which fell from the sky. People thought that his rock had come directly from Zeus, the ruler of the Greek gods (idols). | |
2634 | ACT | 19 | 36 | r8cf | ἀναντιρρήτων οὖν ὄντων τούτων | 1 | So these things are undeniable | Alternate translation: “So since you know these things are true” | |
2635 | ACT | 19 | 36 | xj2n | μηδὲν προπετὲς πράσσειν | 1 | to do nothing rash | Alternate translation: “do not do anything before you have had time to think about it” | |
2636 | ACT | 19 | 36 | s67q | προπετὲς | 1 | rash | To be rash is to act without careful thought. | |
2637 | ACT | 19 | 37 | s8a9 | τοὺς ἄνδρας τούτους | 1 | these men | The words these men refer to Gaius and Aristarchus, Paul’s traveling companions (Acts 19:29). | |
2638 | ACT | 19 | 38 | qd4s | οὖν | 1 | Therefore | The town clerk had said in Acts 19:37 that Gaius and Aristarchus were not robbers or blasphemers. Alternate translation: “Because what I have just said is true” | |
2639 | ACT | 19 | 38 | zkx5 | figs-abstractnouns | ἔχουσιν πρός τινα λόγον | 1 | have a word against anyone | Here having a word against someone means they want to accuse them of something. Alternate translation: “want to accuse someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
2640 | ACT | 19 | 38 | szf7 | translate-unknown | ἀνθύπατοί | 1 | proconsuls | The proconsuls were the Roman governor’s representatives who made legal decisions in court. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
2641 | ACT | 19 | 38 | g8tp | ἐγκαλείτωσαν ἀλλήλοις | 1 | Let them accuse one another | This does not mean Demetrius and those with him will accuse each other. It means this is a place where people in general can speak their accusation. Alternate translation: “There people can accuse one another” | |
2642 | ACT | 19 | 39 | hxh3 | εἰ δέ τι περὶ ἑτέρων ἐπιζητεῖτε | 1 | But if you seek anything about other matters | Alternate translation: “But if you have other matters to discuss” | |
2643 | ACT | 19 | 39 | wga5 | figs-activepassive | ἐν τῇ ἐννόμῳ ἐκκλησίᾳ ἐπιλυθήσεται | 1 | it will be settled in the regular assembly | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “let us settle it in the regular assembly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2644 | ACT | 19 | 39 | et5j | τῇ ἐννόμῳ ἐκκλησίᾳ | 1 | the regular assembly | This regular assembly refers to a public gathering of citizens over which the county clerk presided. | |
2645 | ACT | 19 | 40 | sds7 | figs-activepassive | κινδυνεύομεν ἐνκαλεῖσθαι στάσεως περὶ τῆς σήμερον | 1 | we are in danger of being accused of rioting concerning this day | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “we are in danger of the Roman authorities accusing us of starting this riot today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2646 | ACT | 20 | intro | u91c | 0 | Acts 20 General NotesStructure and formattingIn this chapter Luke describes Paul’s last visits to believers in the provinces of Macedonia and Asia before he went to Jerusalem. Special concepts in this chapterRacePaul spoke of living for Jesus as if he were running in a race. By this he meant that he needed to keep working hard even when things were difficult and he wanted to quit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]]) “Compelled by the Spirit”Paul thought that the Holy Spirit wanted him to go to Jerusalem even if Paul did not want to go there. The same Holy Spirit told other people that when Paul arrived in Jerusalem, people would try to harm him. | |||
2647 | ACT | 20 | 1 | cwq7 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul leaves Ephesus and continues his travels. | ||
2648 | ACT | 20 | 1 | y5cq | μετὰ δὲ τὸ παύσασθαι τὸν θόρυβον | 1 | After the uproar had ended | Alternate translation: “After the riot” or “Following the riot” | |
2649 | ACT | 20 | 1 | hr32 | ἀσπασάμενος | 1 | and said farewell | Alternate translation: “and he said goodbye” | |
2650 | ACT | 20 | 2 | edb8 | παρακαλέσας αὐτοὺς λόγῳ πολλῷ | 1 | had exhorted them with many words | Alternate translation: “had greatly encouraged the believers by saying many things” or “had said many things to challenge the believers” | |
2651 | ACT | 20 | 3 | yxj3 | figs-metaphor | ποιήσας τε μῆνας τρεῖς | 1 | And after he had spent three months there | This speaks about time as if it were something a person could spend. Alternate translation: “And after he had stayed there three months” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2652 | ACT | 20 | 3 | cit9 | figs-activepassive | γενομένης ἐπιβουλῆς αὐτῷ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων | 1 | a plot was formed against him by the Jews | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the Jews formed a plot against him” or “the Jews formed a secret plan to harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2653 | ACT | 20 | 3 | ah5w | figs-synecdoche | ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων | 1 | by the Jews | Here, the Jews refers to only some of the Jews. Alternate translation: “by some of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2654 | ACT | 20 | 3 | m7na | μέλλοντι ἀνάγεσθαι εἰς τὴν Συρίαν | 1 | as he was about to sail for Syria | Alternate translation: “as he was ready to sail to Syria” | |
2655 | ACT | 20 | 4 | c9et | συνείπετο δὲ αὐτῷ | 1 | And accompanying him | Alternate translation: “And traveling with him” | |
2656 | ACT | 20 | 4 | dw6j | translate-names | Σώπατρος…Πύρρου…Σεκοῦνδος,…Τυχικὸς…Τρόφιμος | 1 | were Sopater of Pyrrhus … Secundus … Tychicus … Trophimus | These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2657 | ACT | 20 | 4 | w4n1 | translate-names | Βεροιαῖος…Θεσσαλονικέων…Δερβαῖος…Ἀσιανοὶ | 1 | from Berea … from Derbe | These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2658 | ACT | 20 | 4 | w8j6 | Σώπατρος Πύρρου…Ἀρίσταρχος…Σεκοῦνδος…Γάϊος…Τιμόθεος…Τυχικὸς…Τρόφιμος | 1 | Aristarchus … Gaius | These are names of men. See how you translated these names in Acts 19:29. | |
2659 | ACT | 20 | 5 | y35x | figs-exclusive | προσελθόντες…ἡμᾶς | 1 | All instances of us in this verse refer to the writer and Paul and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2660 | ACT | 20 | 5 | kv8t | οὗτοι…προσελθόντες | 1 | they had gone before us | Alternate translation: “these men had traveled ahead of us” | |
2661 | ACT | 20 | 5 | itz1 | translate-names | Τρῳάδι | 1 | Troas | Troas is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2662 | ACT | 20 | 6 | vmj6 | figs-exclusive | ἡμεῖς…ἤλθομεν…διετρίψαμεν | 1 | All instances of we in this verse refer to the writer and Paul and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2663 | ACT | 20 | 6 | l5dr | τὰς ἡμέρας τῶν Ἀζύμων | 1 | the days of unleavened bread | This refers to a time of Jewish religious feast time during the Passover season. See how you translated this in Acts 12:3. | |
2664 | ACT | 20 | 7 | dnt4 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | Here the word we refers to the writer, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and Acts 20:4-6) | |
2665 | ACT | 20 | 7 | mbr8 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Luke tells about Paul’s preaching in Troas and about what happened to Eutychus. | ||
2666 | ACT | 20 | 7 | zff8 | figs-synecdoche | κλάσαι ἄρτον | 1 | to break bread | Bread was part of their meals. This could mean: (1) this refers simply to eating a meal together. Alternate translation: “eat a meal” or (2) this refers to the meal they would eat together in order to remember Christ’s death and resurrection. Alternate translation: “to eat the Lord’s Supper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2667 | ACT | 20 | 7 | j888 | παρέτεινέν τε τὸν λόγον | 1 | and so he continued his message | Alternate translation: “and so he continued to speak” | |
2668 | ACT | 20 | 8 | ak8z | ὑπερῴῳ | 1 | upper room | This upper room may have been the third floor of the house. | |
2669 | ACT | 20 | 9 | v5q7 | ἐπὶ τῆς θυρίδος | 1 | on the window | This window was an opening in the wall with a ledge that was wide enough for a person to sit on it. | |
2670 | ACT | 20 | 9 | ju64 | translate-names | Εὔτυχος | 1 | Eutychus | Eutychus is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2671 | ACT | 20 | 9 | tsp4 | figs-metaphor | καταφερόμενος ὕπνῳ βαθεῖ | 1 | was falling into a deep sleep | This speaks about sleep as if it were a deep hole into which a person could fall. Alternate translation: “was sleeping soundly” or “was becoming more and more tired until finally he was sleeping soundly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2672 | ACT | 20 | 9 | abcz | κατενεχθεὶς ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕπνου | 1 | having been overcome by sleep | The young man fell asleep, not Paul. | |
2673 | ACT | 20 | 9 | jp89 | figs-activepassive | καὶ ἤρθη νεκρός | 1 | and was picked up dead | When they went down to check his condition, they saw he was dead. If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “and when they went to pick him up, they found that he was dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2674 | ACT | 20 | 9 | kh3h | τριστέγου | 1 | third story | The third story refers to a level two floors above the ground floor. If your culture does not count the ground floor, you may state this as the “second story.” | |
2675 | ACT | 20 | 11 | av7m | ἀναβὰς…τε ὁμιλήσας…ἐξῆλθεν | 1 | Here all occurrences of the word he refer to Paul. | ||
2676 | ACT | 20 | 11 | lih8 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | This is the end of the part of the story about Paul’s preaching at Troas and about Eutychus. | ||
2677 | ACT | 20 | 11 | w5w8 | figs-synecdoche | κλάσας τὸν ἄρτον | 1 | had broken bread | Bread was a common food during meals. Here, broken bread probably means they shared a meal with more kinds of food than just bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2678 | ACT | 20 | 11 | t88c | οὕτως ἐξῆλθεν | 1 | In this way, he left | Alternate translation: “This is what happened as he was going away” | |
2679 | ACT | 20 | 12 | jkj5 | τὸν παῖδα | 1 | the boy | Here, the boy refers to Eutychus (Acts 20:9). This could mean: (1) he was a young man over 14 years old. (2) he was a boy between 9 and 14 years old. (3) he was a servant or a slave. | |
2680 | ACT | 20 | 12 | abx0 | figs-litotes | οὐ μετρίως | 1 | not moderately | Luke uses the negative not moderately to say that they were greatly comforted. Alternate translation: “greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
2681 | ACT | 20 | 13 | dja7 | figs-exclusive | ἡμεῖς…μέλλοντες | 1 | Here the word we refers to the writer and those traveling with him, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2682 | ACT | 20 | 13 | w4ew | figs-rpronouns | ἡμεῖς…προελθόντες | 1 | we, having gone ahead | The word we here refers to Luke and his traveling companions, and not to Paul. Paul did travel on the ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) |
2683 | ACT | 20 | 13 | q4yz | translate-names | τὴν Ἆσσον | 1 | Assos | Assos is a town located directly below present-day Behram in Turkey on the coast of the Aegean sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2684 | ACT | 20 | 13 | nq2q | figs-rpronouns | ἦν μέλλων αὐτὸς πεζεύειν | 1 | ἦν μέλλων αὐτὸς πεζεύειν | Here, himself is used to emphasize that this is what Paul wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) |
2685 | ACT | 20 | 13 | p8y7 | πεζεύειν | 1 | to go on foot | Alternate translation: “to walk” | |
2686 | ACT | 20 | 14 | ju8f | translate-names | Μιτυλήνην | 1 | Mitylene | Mitylene is a town located in present-day Mitilini in Turkey on the coast of the Aegean sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2687 | ACT | 20 | 15 | ll2h | figs-exclusive | κατηντήσαμεν…παρεβάλομεν…ἤλθομεν | 1 | Here the word we refers to Paul, the writer, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2688 | ACT | 20 | 15 | ulk6 | translate-names | Χίου | 1 | Chios | Chios is an island off the coast of modern-day Turkey in the Aegean Sea. Alternate translation: “the island of Chios” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2689 | ACT | 20 | 15 | jyr7 | παρεβάλομεν εἰς Σάμον | 1 | we landed at Samos | Alternate translation: “we arrived at the island of Samos” | |
2690 | ACT | 20 | 15 | b6c6 | translate-names | Σάμον | 1 | Samos | Samos is an island south of Chios in the Aegean Sea off the coast of modern day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2691 | ACT | 20 | 15 | s7g2 | translate-names | Μίλητον | 1 | Miletus | Miletus was a port city in western Asia Minor near the mouth of the Meander River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2692 | ACT | 20 | 16 | p272 | translate-names | κεκρίκει γὰρ ὁ Παῦλος παραπλεῦσαι τὴν Ἔφεσον | 1 | For Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus | Paul sailed south past the port city of Ephesus, further south in order to land at Miletus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2693 | ACT | 20 | 16 | p61e | figs-metaphor | ὅπως μὴ γένηται αὐτῷ χρονοτριβῆσαι | 1 | so that he would not spend time | This speaks about time as if it were a commodity that a person could spend or use up. Alternate translation: “so that he would not have to remain for a time” or “so that he would not have a delay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2694 | ACT | 20 | 17 | nw52 | μετεκαλέσατο | 1 | Here the word he refers to Paul. | ||
2695 | ACT | 20 | 17 | v9al | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul calls the elders of the church of Ephesus and begins to speak to them. | ||
2696 | ACT | 20 | 17 | l9aj | translate-names | τῆς Μιλήτου | 1 | Miletus | Miletus was a port city in western Asia Minor near the mouth of the Meander River. See how you translated this in Acts 20:15. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2697 | ACT | 20 | 18 | b6li | figs-rpronouns | ὑμεῖς ἐπίστασθε | 1 | You yourselves know | Here, yourselves is used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) |
2698 | ACT | 20 | 18 | vw6n | figs-synecdoche | ἐπέβην εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν | 1 | I set foot in Asia | Here, foot stands for the entire person. Alternate translation: “I entered Asia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2699 | ACT | 20 | 19 | wh5m | figs-metonymy | δακρύων | 1 | tears | Here tears stands for feeling sad and crying. Alternate translation: “sadness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2700 | ACT | 20 | 19 | e6k7 | πειρασμῶν, τῶν συμβάντων μοι | 1 | trials that happened to me | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word trials, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “while I was tested” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns) | |
2701 | ACT | 20 | 19 | y5iw | figs-synecdoche | τῶν Ἰουδαίων | 1 | of the Jews | Here, the Jews does not mean every Jew. This lets us know who plotted. Alternate translation: “of some of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2702 | ACT | 20 | 20 | nu7h | ὡς οὐδὲν ὑπεστειλάμην τῶν συμφερόντων τοῦ μὴ ἀναγγεῖλαι ὑμῖν | 1 | how I kept back nothing that was useful which I did not declare to you | Alternate translation: “how I declared to you everything that was beneficial to you” | |
2703 | ACT | 20 | 20 | kut9 | κατ’ οἴκους | 1 | according to houses | Paul taught people in various private homes. Alternate translation: “in each house” or “in everyone’s home” | |
2704 | ACT | 20 | 21 | w7mv | figs-abstractnouns | τὴν εἰς Θεὸν μετάνοιαν καὶ πίστιν εἰς τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦν | 1 | about repentance toward God and faith in our Lord Jesus | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words repentance and faith, you could express the same ideas with verbs. Alternate translation: “that they need to repent before God and believe in our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
2705 | ACT | 20 | 21 | x552 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | The word our refers to Paul and the elders to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2706 | ACT | 20 | 22 | ty3b | ἐγὼ | 1 | Here the word I refers to Paul. | ||
2707 | ACT | 20 | 22 | vam4 | figs-activepassive | δεδεμένος…τῷ Πνεύματι | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form.They can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because the Spirit compels me to go there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2708 | ACT | 20 | 22 | a9j1 | τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ συναντήσοντά μοι, μὴ εἰδώς | 1 | not knowing what will happen to me in it | Alternate translation: “and I do not know what will happen to me there” or “not knowing what will happen to me in Jerusalem” | |
2709 | ACT | 20 | 23 | q3ie | figs-metonymy | δεσμὰ καὶ θλίψεις με μένουσιν | 1 | chains and sufferings await me | Here, chains refers to Paul’s being arrested and put in prison. Alternate translation: “people will put me in prison and cause me to suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2710 | ACT | 20 | 24 | w8d2 | figs-metaphor | ὡς τελειῶσαι τὸν δρόμον μου, καὶ τὴν διακονίαν ἣν ἔλαβον παρὰ τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ | 1 | so as to finish my race and the ministry that I received from the Lord Jesus | This speaks about Paul’s race and ministry as if they are objects that Jesus gives and Paul receives. Alternate translation: “so that I may complete the work that the Lord Jesus has commanded me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2711 | ACT | 20 | 24 | ga6d | figs-doublet | τὸν δρόμον μου, καὶ τὴν διακονίαν | 1 | Here, race and ministry mean basically the same thing. Paul repeats this for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2712 | ACT | 20 | 24 | m5gc | figs-metaphor | τελειῶσαι τὸν δρόμον μου | 1 | to finish my race | Paul speaks about completing the work that Jesus has commanded him to do as if he were running a race. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2713 | ACT | 20 | 24 | hg3l | διαμαρτύρασθαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | to solemnly testify to the gospel of the grace of God | This is the ministry that Paul received from Jesus. Alternate translation: “to tell people what I have personally learned about the good news of God’s grace” | |
2714 | ACT | 20 | 25 | kj9c | καὶ νῦν ἰδοὺ, ἐγὼ οἶδα | 1 | And now, behold, I know | Alternate translation: “And now, pay careful attention, because I know” | |
2715 | ACT | 20 | 25 | z4ng | ἐγὼ οἶδα ὅτι…ὑμεῖς πάντες | 1 | I know that you all | Alternate translation: “I know that all of you” | |
2716 | ACT | 20 | 25 | aur9 | figs-metonymy | ἐν οἷς διῆλθον κηρύσσων τὴν βασιλείαν | 1 | among whom I went about proclaiming the kingdom | Here, kingdom stands for God’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “to whom I preached the message about God’s reign as king” or “to whom I preached about how God will show himself as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2717 | ACT | 20 | 25 | cq45 | figs-synecdoche | οὐκέτι ὄψεσθε τὸ πρόσωπόν μου | 1 | will see my face no more | The word face here represents Paul’s physical body. Alternate translation: “will not see me anymore on this earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2718 | ACT | 20 | 26 | e546 | figs-metonymy | καθαρός εἰμι ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος πάντων | 1 | I am innocent from the blood of all | Here, blood stands for a person’s death, which, in this case, is not physical death but spiritual death when God declares a person guilty of sin. Paul had told them God’s truth. Alternate translation: “I am not responsible for anyone whom God judges guilty of sin because they did not trust in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2719 | ACT | 20 | 26 | v5el | figs-gendernotations | πάντων | 1 | of all | Here all refers to any person, whether male or female. Alternate translation: “of any person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
2720 | ACT | 20 | 27 | qa9y | figs-litotes | οὐ γὰρ ὑπεστειλάμην τοῦ μὴ ἀναγγεῖλαι…ὑμῖν | 1 | For I did not hold back from declaring to you | Paul uses the negative not hold back to emphasize that he told them everything. Alternate translation: “For I certainly declared to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
2721 | ACT | 20 | 28 | u52d | figs-metaphor | τῷ ποιμνίῳ, ἐν ᾧ ὑμᾶς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον ἔθετο ἐπισκόπους, ποιμαίνειν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | the flock among which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers to shepherd the church of God | Believers are likened to a flock of sheep here. Church leaders are entrusted by God with the care of the community of believers just as a shepherd would care for his flock of sheep and protect them from wolves. Alternate translation: “the group of believers the Holy spirit has entrusted to you. Be sure to take care of the church of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2722 | ACT | 20 | 28 | cx69 | figs-metaphor | τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἣν περιεποιήσατο διὰ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ ἰδίου | 1 | the church of God, which he purchased with his own blood | The shedding of the blood of Christ here is likened to a payment to God for our sins. Alternate translation: “the people Christ saved from their sins by shedding his blood on the cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2723 | ACT | 20 | 28 | hjh6 | figs-metonymy | τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ ἰδίου | 1 | his own blood | Here, blood stands for Christ’s death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2724 | ACT | 20 | 29 | ka6u | figs-metaphor | εἰσελεύσονται…λύκοι βαρεῖς εἰς ὑμᾶς, μὴ φειδόμενοι τοῦ ποιμνίου | 1 | vicious wolves will come in among you, not sparing the flock | This is a picture of people who teach false doctrine and who harm the community of believers as though they were wolves that eat the sheep of the flock. Alternate translation: “many enemies will come among you and try to harm the community of believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2725 | ACT | 20 | 30 | ftf4 | figs-metaphor | τοῦ ἀποσπᾶν τοὺς μαθητὰς ὀπίσω ἑαυτῶν | 1 | to draw away the disciples after them | A false teacher convincing believers to start believing his false teaching is spoken of as if he were leading sheep away from the flock to follow him. Alternate translation: “in order to convince people who are disciples of Christ to become his disciples instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2726 | ACT | 20 | 31 | q2nl | γρηγορεῖτε, μνημονεύοντες | 1 | be alert, remembering | Alternate translation: “be on guard and remember” or “be on guard as you remember” | |
2727 | ACT | 20 | 31 | ll64 | figs-metaphor | γρηγορεῖτε | 1 | be alert | Christian leaders being alert about anyone that may harm the community of believers is spoken of as if they were guards in an army watching out for the enemy army. Alternate translation: “be awake” or “watch out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2728 | ACT | 20 | 31 | pvt6 | μνημονεύοντες ὅτι | 1 | Remembering that | Alternate translation: “continuing to remember that” or “not forgetting that” | |
2729 | ACT | 20 | 31 | rt1h | figs-hyperbole | τριετίαν νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν, οὐκ ἐπαυσάμην…νουθετῶν | 1 | for three years I did not stop admonishing … night and day | Paul did not teach them continuously for three years, but over the space of three years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
2730 | ACT | 20 | 31 | hs1m | οὐκ ἐπαυσάμην…νουθετῶν | 1 | I did not stop admonishing | If your readers would misunderstand the double-negative not stop, you can express it in positive form. Alternate translation: “I continued to warn” | |
2731 | ACT | 20 | 31 | rvh6 | figs-metonymy | μετὰ δακρύων | 1 | with tears | Here, tears refers to Paul’s crying because of the strong emotion of concern he felt while he was warning the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2732 | ACT | 20 | 32 | ylm3 | figs-metonymy | παρατίθεμαι ὑμᾶς τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ τῷ λόγῳ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ | 1 | I am entrusting you to God and to the word of his grace | Here, word stands for a message. Alternate translation: “I ask God to take care of you and that he will help you to keep believing the message I spoke to you about his grace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2733 | ACT | 20 | 32 | vnb2 | παρατίθεμαι | 1 | I am entrusting | To “entrust” something to someone is to give them the responsibility of taking care of someone or something. | |
2734 | ACT | 20 | 32 | s7rf | figs-metaphor | τῷ δυναμένῳ οἰκοδομῆσαι | 1 | which is able to build you up | A person’s faith becoming stronger is spoken of as if the person were a wall and someone were building him higher and stronger. Alternate translation: “which is able to make you become stronger and stronger in your faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2735 | ACT | 20 | 32 | zvz8 | figs-personification | δοῦναι τὴν κληρονομίαν | 1 | to give you the inheritance | This speaks about the word of his grace as if it were God himself that would give the inheritance to believers. Alternate translation: “God will give you the inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
2736 | ACT | 20 | 32 | x5jy | figs-metaphor | τὴν κληρονομίαν | 1 | the inheritance | The blessings that God gives believers is spoken of as if they were money or property that a child inherits from his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2737 | ACT | 20 | 33 | yw8a | ἀργυρίου…οὐδενὸς ἐπεθύμησα | 1 | I coveted no one’s silver | Alternate translation: “I did not desire anyone’s silver” or “I did not want for myself anyone’s silver” | |
2738 | ACT | 20 | 33 | ipq5 | ἀργυρίου, ἢ χρυσίου, ἢ ἱματισμοῦ, οὐδενὸς | 1 | no one’s silver, gold, or clothing | Here, clothing is considered a treasure; the more you had, the richer you were. | |
2739 | ACT | 20 | 34 | f5a3 | figs-rpronouns | αὐτοὶ γινώσκετε | 1 | You yourselves know | The word yourselves is used here to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) |
2740 | ACT | 20 | 34 | ja5v | figs-synecdoche | ταῖς χρείαις μου, καὶ τοῖς…ὑπηρέτησαν αἱ χεῖρες αὗται | 1 | these hands ministered to my needs and to those who | The word hands here represents the entire person. Alternate translation: “I worked to earn money and pay for my own expenses and for those who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2741 | ACT | 20 | 35 | wn8j | κοπιῶντας δεῖ ἀντιλαμβάνεσθαι τῶν ἀσθενούντων | 1 | it is necessary to work hard to help those who are weak | Alternate translation: “you should work so as to have money to help people who are in need” | |
2742 | ACT | 20 | 35 | p3n8 | figs-nominaladj | τῶν ἀσθενούντων | 1 | those who are weak | You can state the nominal adjective weak as an adjective. Alternate translation: “weak people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
2743 | ACT | 20 | 35 | dpu1 | ἀσθενούντων | 1 | weak | Alternate translation: “sick” | |
2744 | ACT | 20 | 35 | ps2i | figs-metonymy | τῶν λόγων τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ | 1 | the words of the Lord Jesus | Here, words refers to what Jesus has said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2745 | ACT | 20 | 35 | e396 | μακάριόν ἐστιν μᾶλλον, διδόναι ἢ λαμβάνειν | 1 | It is more blessed to give than to receive | This means a person receives the favor of God and experiences more joy when he gives to other people rather than always receiving from other people. | |
2746 | ACT | 20 | 36 | q6bs | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul ends his time with the elders of the church of Ephesus by praying with them. | ||
2747 | ACT | 20 | 36 | u3uc | translate-symaction | θεὶς τὰ γόνατα αὐτοῦ…προσηύξατο | 1 | having bowed his knees, he prayed | It was a common custom to kneel down while praying. It was a sign of humility before God. Alternate translation: “he knelt down and prayed to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
2748 | ACT | 20 | 37 | pb4r | ἐπιπεσόντες ἐπὶ τὸν τράχηλον τοῦ Παύλου | 1 | having fallen upon Paul’s neck | Alternate translation: “having embraced Paul” or “putting their arms around him” | |
2749 | ACT | 20 | 37 | sze4 | κατεφίλουν αὐτόν | 1 | they were kissing him | To kiss someone on the cheek was an expression of brotherly or friendly love in the Middle East. | |
2750 | ACT | 20 | 38 | bs3s | figs-synecdoche | οὐκέτι μέλλουσιν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ θεωρεῖν | 1 | they were never going to see his face again | The word face here represents Paul’s physical body. Alternate translation: “they would not see him anymore on this earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2751 | ACT | 21 | intro | gh1j | 0 | Acts 21 General NotesStructure and formattingActs 21:1-19 describes Paul’s journey to Jerusalem. After he arrived in Jerusalem, the believers there told him that the Jews wanted to harm him and what he should do so they would not harm him (verses 20-26). Even though Paul did what the believers told him to do, the Jews tried to kill him. The Romans rescued him and gave him a chance to speak to the Jews. The last verse of the chapter ends with an incomplete sentence. Most translations leave the sentence incomplete, as the ULT does. Special concepts in this chapter“They are all determined to keep the law”The Jews in Jerusalem were following the law of Moses. Even those who were following Jesus still kept the law. Both groups thought that Paul had been telling Jews in Greece not to keep the law. But it was only the Gentiles to whom Paul was saying that. Nazarite vowThe vow that Paul and his three friends made was probably a Nazarite vow, because they shaved their heads (Acts 21:23). Gentiles in the templeThe Jews accused Paul of bringing a Gentile man into a part of the temple into which God only allowed Jews to go. They thought that God wanted them to punish Paul by killing him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) Roman citizenshipThe Romans thought that they needed to treat only Roman citizens justly. They could do as they desired with people who were not Roman citizens, but they had to obey the law with other Romans. Some people were born Roman citizens, and others gave money to the Roman government so they could become Roman citizens. | |||
2752 | ACT | 21 | 1 | i6f8 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | The writer Luke, Paul, and his companions continue their travels. | ||
2753 | ACT | 21 | 1 | s3h3 | figs-exclusive | ἡμᾶς…ἤλθομεν | 1 | Here the word we refers to Luke, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2754 | ACT | 21 | 1 | zz5h | εὐθυδρομήσαντες ἤλθομεν εἰς τὴν Κῶ | 1 | having run a straight course, we came to Cos | Alternate translation: “we went straight to the city of Cos” or “we went directly to the city of Cos” | |
2755 | ACT | 21 | 1 | e5y6 | translate-names | Κῶ | 1 | Cos | Cos is a Greek island off the coast of modern day Turkey in the South Aegean Sea region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2756 | ACT | 21 | 1 | p6ss | translate-names | Ῥόδον | 1 | Rhodes | Rhodes is a Greek island off the coast of modern day Turkey in the South Aegean Sea region south of Cos and northeast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2757 | ACT | 21 | 1 | x7kg | translate-names | Πάταρα | 1 | Patara | Patara is a city on the southwest coast of modern day Turkey south of the Aegean Sea in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2758 | ACT | 21 | 2 | nz9k | figs-metonymy | καὶ εὑρόντες πλοῖον διαπερῶν εἰς Φοινίκην | 1 | And when we found a ship crossing over to Phoenicia | Here, a ship crossing over stands for the crew that would sail the ship. Alternate translation: “And when we found a ship with a crew sailing over to Phoenicia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2759 | ACT | 21 | 2 | vbd3 | πλοῖον διαπερῶν | 1 | a ship crossing over | Here, crossing does not mean it was presently crossing but that it would be crossing to Phoenicia soon. Alternate translation: “a ship that would be going across the water” or “a ship that would be going” | |
2760 | ACT | 21 | 3 | er3r | figs-exclusive | ἐπλέομεν | 1 | Here the word we refers to Luke, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2761 | ACT | 21 | 3 | vkr2 | καταλιπόντες αὐτὴν εὐώνυμον | 1 | leaving it behind on the left | The left is the “port” side of a boat. Alternate translation: “passed the island on our left” | |
2762 | ACT | 21 | 3 | hwx8 | figs-metonymy | ἐκεῖσε…τὸ πλοῖον ἦν ἀποφορτιζόμενον τὸν γόμον | 1 | the ship was to unload its cargo there | Here, ship stands for the crew that was sailing the ship. Alternate translation: “the crew would unload the cargo from the ship there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2763 | ACT | 21 | 4 | y35m | οἵτινες τῷ Παύλῳ ἔλεγον διὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος | 1 | Through the Spirit they kept saying to Paul | Alternate translation: “These believers told Paul what the Holy Spirit had revealed to them, for him” | |
2764 | ACT | 21 | 5 | fe1u | πάντων | 1 | Here the word they refers to the believers from Tyre. | ||
2765 | ACT | 21 | 5 | a5wj | ὅτε…ἐγένετο ἡμᾶς ἐξαρτίσαι τὰς ἡμέρας | 1 | when our days to supply happened | Alternate translation: “when we had finished taking supplies onto the ship” | |
2766 | ACT | 21 | 5 | q8xl | translate-symaction | θέντες τὰ γόνατα ἐπὶ τὸν αἰγιαλὸν προσευξάμενοι | 1 | having knelt down on the shore and having prayed | It was a common custom to kneel down while praying. This was a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
2767 | ACT | 21 | 6 | ja1x | ἀπησπασάμεθα ἀλλήλους | 1 | we said farewell to each other | Alternate translation: “we said goodbye to one another” | |
2768 | ACT | 21 | 7 | hy6e | figs-exclusive | ἡμεῖς…κατηντήσαμεν…ἐμείναμεν | 1 | Here the word we refers to Luke, Paul and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2769 | ACT | 21 | 7 | z4nt | translate-names | Πτολεμαΐδα | 1 | Ptolemais | Ptolemais was a city south of Tyre, Lebanon. Ptolemais is modern day Acre, Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2770 | ACT | 21 | 7 | ff1s | τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς | 1 | the brothers | Alternate translation: “the fellow believers” | |
2771 | ACT | 21 | 8 | kt6u | Καισάρειαν | 1 | Connecting Statement: | This begins Paul’s time in Caesarea. | |
2772 | ACT | 21 | 8 | ay52 | ἐκ τῶν ἑπτὰ | 1 | from the seven | Here, the seven refers to the men chosen to distribute food and aid to the widows in Acts 6:5. | |
2773 | ACT | 21 | 8 | vi48 | εὐαγγελιστοῦ | 1 | evangelist | An evangelist is a person who tells people the good news about Jesus. | |
2774 | ACT | 21 | 9 | rcf4 | τούτῳ | 1 | this man | Alternate translation: “Philip” | |
2775 | ACT | 21 | 9 | cv8b | writing-background | δὲ | 1 | Now | The word Now is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke tells background information about Philip and his daughters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
2776 | ACT | 21 | 9 | r1i1 | θυγατέρες τέσσαρες παρθένοι, προφητεύουσαι | 1 | four virgin daughters who prophesy | Alternate translation: “four virgin daughters who regularly receive and pass along messages from God” | |
2777 | ACT | 21 | 10 | fe6s | figs-exclusive | ἐπιμενόντων | 1 | Here the word we refer to Luke, Paul, and those with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2778 | ACT | 21 | 10 | n3i8 | writing-participants | τις…προφήτης ὀνόματι Ἅγαβος | 1 | a certain prophet named Agabus | This introduces Agabus as a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
2779 | ACT | 21 | 10 | f9cb | translate-names | Ἅγαβος | 1 | Agabus | Agabus was a man from Judea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2780 | ACT | 21 | 11 | n2r0 | figs-exclusive | ἡμᾶς | 1 | Here the word us refer to Luke, Paul, and those with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2781 | ACT | 21 | 11 | i8t2 | ἄρας τὴν ζώνην τοῦ Παύλου | 1 | taken Paul’s belt | Alternate translation: “removed Paul’s belt from Paul’s waist” | |
2782 | ACT | 21 | 11 | nq2y | figs-quotesinquotes | τάδε λέγει τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, τὸν ἄνδρα οὗ ἐστιν ἡ ζώνη αὕτη, οὕτως δήσουσιν ἐν Ἰερουσαλὴμ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, καὶ παραδώσουσιν εἰς χεῖρας ἐθνῶν. | 1 | Thus says the Holy Spirit, ‘So the Jews in Jerusalem will bind the man who owns this belt, and they will hand him over into the hands of the Gentiles | This is a quotation within a quotation. The inner quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit says that this will be how the Jews in Jerusalem will bind the man who owns this belt, and they will hand him over into the hands of the Gentiles.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
2783 | ACT | 21 | 11 | i8u7 | figs-synecdoche | οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι | 1 | the Jews | Here, the Jews does not mean all the Jews, but that these were the people who would do that. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” or “some of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2784 | ACT | 21 | 11 | zvw8 | παραδώσουσιν | 1 | they will hand him over | Alternate translation: “they will deliver him” | |
2785 | ACT | 21 | 11 | s92d | figs-metonymy | εἰς χεῖρας ἐθνῶν | 1 | into the hands of the Gentiles | The word hands here represents control. Alternate translation: “into the legal custody of the Gentiles” or “to the Gentiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2786 | ACT | 21 | 11 | b59g | figs-synecdoche | ἐθνῶν | 1 | of the Gentiles | This stands for the authorities among the Gentiles. Alternate translation: “of the Gentile authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2787 | ACT | 21 | 12 | fvh4 | figs-exclusive | ἠκούσαμεν…ἡμεῖς | 1 | Here the word we refers to Luke and the other believers but does not include the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2788 | ACT | 21 | 13 | uwt2 | figs-rquestion | τί ποιεῖτε, κλαίοντες καὶ συνθρύπτοντές μου τὴν καρδίαν? | 1 | What are you doing, weeping and breaking my heart? | Paul asks this question to show the believers they should stop trying to persuade him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Stop what you are doing. Your weeping is breaking my heart!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
2789 | ACT | 21 | 13 | bj76 | figs-metaphor | συνθρύπτοντές μου τὴν καρδίαν | 1 | breaking my heart | To make someone sad or to discourage someone is spoken of as if it were a heart being broken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2790 | ACT | 21 | 13 | k34w | figs-metonymy | συνθρύπτοντές μου τὴν καρδίαν | 1 | Here, heart stands for a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “discouraging me” or “making me very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2791 | ACT | 21 | 13 | p5e5 | figs-activepassive | οὐ μόνον δεθῆναι | 1 | not only to be bound | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “not only for them to tie me up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2792 | ACT | 21 | 13 | q35x | figs-metonymy | ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ | 1 | for the name of the Lord Jesus | Here, name refers to the person of Jesus. Alternate translation: “for the sake of the Lord Jesus” or “because I believe in the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2793 | ACT | 21 | 14 | hwc5 | figs-activepassive | μὴ πειθομένου…αὐτοῦ | 1 | he would not be persuaded | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Paul would not allow us to persuade him” or “we were unable to persuade Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2794 | ACT | 21 | 14 | zl98 | figs-ellipsis | μὴ πειθομένου | 1 | would not be persuaded | You may need to make explicit what they could not persuade Paul not to do. Alternate translation: “would not be persuaded not to go up to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
2795 | ACT | 21 | 14 | as1i | figs-activepassive | τοῦ Κυρίου τὸ θέλημα γινέσθω | 1 | Let the will of the Lord happen | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “May everything happen as the Lord has planned it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2796 | ACT | 21 | 15 | p5fm | figs-exclusive | ἀνεβαίνομεν | 1 | Here the word we refers to Luke, Paul, and those traveling with them, and not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2797 | ACT | 21 | 16 | k9kr | παρ’ ᾧ ξενισθῶμεν Μνάσωνί, τινι Κυπρίῳ ἀρχαίῳ μαθητῇ | 1 | to Mnason, a certain early disciple from Cyprus, with whom we would stay | The disciples from Caesarea knew Mnason and led Paul and Silas to his house where they would spend the night. | |
2798 | ACT | 21 | 16 | zd9i | translate-names | Μνάσωνί…Κυπρίῳ | 1 | Mnason … from Cyprus | Mnason is a man from the island of Cyprus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2799 | ACT | 21 | 16 | c7r2 | τινι…ἀρχαίῳ μαθητῇ | 1 | an early disciple | This means Mnason was one of the first to believe in Jesus. | |
2800 | ACT | 21 | 17 | wz34 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul and his companions arrive in Jerusalem. | ||
2801 | ACT | 21 | 17 | d3gj | figs-gendernotations | ἀπεδέξαντο ἡμᾶς οἱ ἀδελφοί | 1 | the brothers welcomed us | Here, the brothers refers to the believers in Jerusalem whether male or female. Alternate translation: “the fellow believers welcomed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
2802 | ACT | 21 | 19 | bx9e | ἐξηγεῖτο καθ’ ἓν ἕκαστον | 1 | he reported according to each thing | Alternate translation: “he gave a detailed account of everything” | |
2803 | ACT | 21 | 20 | zks9 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | The elders in Jerusalem begin their response to Paul. | ||
2804 | ACT | 21 | 20 | a1hk | οἱ…ἀκούσαντες…ἐδόξαζον…εἶπόν τε αὐτῷ | 1 | when they heard it … they glorified … and said to him | Here each instance of the word they refers to James and the elders. The word him refers to Paul. | |
2805 | ACT | 21 | 20 | xki4 | ἀδελφέ | 1 | brother | Here, brother means “fellow believer.” | |
2806 | ACT | 21 | 20 | c5pu | ὑπάρχουσιν | 1 | they are | The word they refers to Jewish believers who wanted all believing Jews to keep the Jewish laws and customs. | |
2807 | ACT | 21 | 21 | pyg8 | figs-explicit | κατηχήθησαν δὲ περὶ σοῦ, ὅτι ἀποστασίαν διδάσκεις ἀπὸ Μωϋσέως τοὺς κατὰ τὰ ἔθνη πάντας Ἰουδαίους, λέγων μὴ περιτέμνειν αὐτοὺς τὰ τέκνα, μηδὲ τοῖς ἔθεσιν περιπατεῖν | 1 | And they have been told about you, that you teach apostasy from Moses to all the Jews who are among the Gentiles, telling them not to circumcise their children, nor to walk in the customs | Apparently here there are some Jews that are distorting what Paul is teaching. He does not discourage the Jews from obeying the law of Moses. His message is that circumcision and the other customs are not necessary for Jesus to save them. You can make explicit that the leaders of the Jewish believers in Jerusalem knew that Paul was teaching God’s true message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2808 | ACT | 21 | 21 | e5s4 | figs-activepassive | κατηχήθησαν | 1 | they have been told | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “people have told the Jewish believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2809 | ACT | 21 | 21 | sdl3 | figs-metonymy | ἀποστασίαν…ἀπὸ Μωϋσέως | 1 | apostasy from Moses | Here, Moses stands for the law of Moses. Alternate translation: “rebellion against the Law of Moses” or “to stop obeying the laws that Moses gave us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2810 | ACT | 21 | 21 | knt4 | figs-metaphor | μηδὲ τοῖς ἔθεσιν περιπατεῖν | 1 | not to walk in the customs | To obey the customs is spoken of as if the customs were a path that people could walk along. Alternate translation: “and not to obey the customs” or “and not to practice the customs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2811 | ACT | 21 | 21 | u56t | τοῖς ἔθεσιν | 1 | in the customs | Alternate translation: “do the things that Jews normally do” | |
2812 | ACT | 21 | 23 | b28b | figs-exclusive | λέγομεν | 1 | Here the word we refers to James and the elders (Acts 21:18). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2813 | ACT | 21 | 23 | b22r | ἡμῖν ἄνδρες τέσσαρες, εὐχὴν ἔχοντες ἀφ’ ἑαυτῶν | 1 | four men with us having a vow from themselves | This was the kind of vow where a person would not drink alcohol or cut his hair until the end of a set period of time. Alternate translation: “four men who have made a promise to God” | |
2814 | ACT | 21 | 24 | km4w | figs-explicit | τούτους παραλαβὼν, ἁγνίσθητι σὺν αὐτοῖς | 1 | Having taken these men, be purified with them | They had to make themselves ritually pure so they could worship in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2815 | ACT | 21 | 24 | c3ap | figs-explicit | δαπάνησον ἐπ’ αὐτοῖς | 1 | pay the expenses for them | The expenses would go toward buying a male and female lamb, a ram, and grain and drink offerings. Alternate translation: “pay for what they will need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2816 | ACT | 21 | 24 | abq6 | translate-symaction | ξυρήσονται τὴν κεφαλήν | 1 | they will shave their heads | This was a sign that the person had completed what they promised God they would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
2817 | ACT | 21 | 24 | nu9v | figs-activepassive | ὧν κατήχηνται περὶ σοῦ | 1 | what they have been told about you | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the things that people are saying about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2818 | ACT | 21 | 24 | sv6i | figs-metaphor | στοιχεῖς καὶ αὐτὸς, φυλάσσων τὸν νόμον | 1 | you yourself walk in and obey the law | This speaks of obeying the law as if the law were a path and people can walk along it. Alternate translation: “live a life that conforms to the law of Moses and other Jewish customs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2819 | ACT | 21 | 25 | c4kl | figs-exclusive | ἡμεῖς | 1 | Here the word we refers to James and the elders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2820 | ACT | 21 | 25 | a35u | figs-explicit | φυλάσσεσθαι αὐτοὺς, τό τε εἰδωλόθυτον, καὶ αἷμα, καὶ πνικτὸν | 1 | to keep themselves from things sacrificed to idols, and from blood, and from what is strangled | All of these are rules about what they can eat. They are forbidden to eat meat of animals sacrificed to idols, meat with blood still in it, and meat from a strangled animal because it would still have blood in the meat. See how you translated similar phrases in Acts 15:20. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2821 | ACT | 21 | 25 | bpb5 | figs-activepassive | φυλάσσεσθαι αὐτοὺς, τό τε εἰδωλόθυτον | 1 | to keep themselves from things sacrificed to idols | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “to stay away from the meat of an animal that someone sacrificed to an idol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2822 | ACT | 21 | 25 | wjd2 | figs-activepassive | πνικτὸν | 1 | from what is strangled | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from animals that a person has strangled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2823 | ACT | 21 | 25 | nu0i | figs-explicit | πνικτὸν | 1 | If your readers would misunderstand this phrase, you can state explicitly the assumed information that what was strangled were animals, and that the reason this was wrong is that the blood was not drained from them. Alternate translation: “from animals strangled and killed for food with the blood still in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2824 | ACT | 21 | 26 | cr14 | παραλαβὼν τοὺς ἄνδρας | 1 | having taken the men | These are the four men who had made a vow. | |
2825 | ACT | 21 | 26 | s8z9 | σὺν αὐτοῖς ἁγνισθεὶς | 1 | having been purified with them | Before entering the temple area the Jews were required to be ceremonially or ritually clean. This cleansing had to do with Jews having contact with Gentiles. | |
2826 | ACT | 21 | 26 | xu9r | figs-synecdoche | εἰσῄει εἰς τὸ ἱερόν | 1 | went into the temple | They did not go into the temple itself where only the high priest was allowed to enter. They entered the temple courtyard. Alternate translation: “went into the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2827 | ACT | 21 | 26 | pvy3 | τῶν ἡμερῶν τοῦ ἁγνισμοῦ | 1 | of the days of purification | This is a separate purification process from the purification process which they were required to fulfill in order to enter the temple area. | |
2828 | ACT | 21 | 26 | gc23 | figs-activepassive | ἕως οὗ προσηνέχθη…ἡ προσφορά | 1 | until the offering which was offered | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “until they presented the animals for an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2829 | ACT | 21 | 27 | p4gi | 0 | Connecting Statement: | This begins the story of Paul’s arrest. | ||
2830 | ACT | 21 | 27 | j9zm | αἱ ἑπτὰ ἡμέραι | 1 | the seven days | These are the seven days for purification. | |
2831 | ACT | 21 | 27 | k4l1 | figs-synecdoche | ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ | 1 | in the temple | Paul was not in the temple itself. He was in the temple courtyard. Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2832 | ACT | 21 | 27 | u942 | figs-metaphor | συνέχεον πάντα τὸν ὄχλον | 1 | stirred up the whole crowd | Inciting people to become very angry at Paul is spoken of as if they stirred up the crowd’s emotions. Alternate translation: “caused a large number of people to be very angry at Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2833 | ACT | 21 | 27 | mks6 | figs-idiom | ἐπέβαλον ἐπ’ αὐτὸν τὰς χεῖρας | 1 | laid their hands on him | Here, laid their hands on means to “seize” or to “grab.” See how you translated laid hands on in Acts 5:18. Alternate translation: “seized Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
2834 | ACT | 21 | 28 | sfg3 | τοῦ λαοῦ, καὶ τοῦ νόμου, καὶ τοῦ τόπου τούτου | 1 | the people, and the law, and this place | Alternate translation: “the people of Israel, and the law of Moses, and the temple” | |
2835 | ACT | 21 | 28 | jc9q | figs-explicit | ἔτι τε καὶ Ἕλληνας εἰσήγαγεν εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν | 1 | And besides, he has both brought Greeks into the temple | Only Jewish males were allowed in certain areas of the courtyard of the Jerusalem temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2836 | ACT | 21 | 29 | t2z7 | writing-background | ἦσαν γὰρ προεωρακότες Τρόφιμον τὸν Ἐφέσιον ἐν τῇ πόλει σὺν αὐτῷ, ὃν ἐνόμιζον ὅτι εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν εἰσήγαγεν ὁ Παῦλος | 1 | For they had previously seen Trophimus the Ephesian with him in the city, whom they thought that Paul brought into the temple | This is background information. Luke is explaining why the Jews from Asia thought Paul brought a Greek into the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
2837 | ACT | 21 | 29 | h1uu | Τρόφιμον | 1 | Trophimus | Trophimus was a Greek man that they accused Paul of having brought into the inner temple area that was only for Jews. See how you translated his name in Acts 20:4. | |
2838 | ACT | 21 | 30 | st3f | figs-metonymy | ἐκινήθη τε ἡ πόλις ὅλη | 1 | The word city represents the people in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “And the people in the city became angry at Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2839 | ACT | 21 | 30 | upl8 | figs-hyperbole | ἐκινήθη τε ἡ πόλις ὅλη | 1 | And the whole city was stirred up | The word whole here is an exaggeration for emphasis. Alternate translation: “And many people in the city became angry at Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
2840 | ACT | 21 | 30 | x2sx | ἐπιλαβόμενοι τοῦ Παύλου | 1 | having laid hold of Paul | Alternate translation: “having seized Paul” or “after they grabbed Paul” | |
2841 | ACT | 21 | 30 | xd6r | figs-explicit | εὐθέως ἐκλείσθησαν αἱ θύραι | 1 | the doors were immediately shut | They shut the doors so that there would not be rioting in the temple area. Alternate translation: “the temple doors were immediately shut to protect the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2842 | ACT | 21 | 30 | mmaa | figs-activepassive | εὐθέως ἐκλείσθησαν αἱ θύραι | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “some of the Jews immediately shut the temple doors” or “the temple guards immediately shut the doors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2843 | ACT | 21 | 31 | d6vt | figs-metonymy | ἀνέβη φάσις τῷ χιλιάρχῳ τῆς σπείρης | 1 | a report came up to the commander of the guard | Here, report refers to the messenger who went to speak the report. Alternate translation: “someone gave news to the commander of the guard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2844 | ACT | 21 | 31 | hu5r | ἀνέβη φάσις τῷ χιλιάρχῳ | 1 | a report came up to the commander | The phrase came up to is used because the commander was in a fortress connected to the temple that was higher in elevation than the temple courtyard. | |
2845 | ACT | 21 | 31 | p85a | τῷ χιλιάρχῳ | 1 | to the commander | A Roman commander was a military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers. | |
2846 | ACT | 21 | 31 | u65r | figs-metonymy | ὅλη συνχύννεται Ἰερουσαλήμ | 1 | all Jerusalem was stirred up | The word Jerusalem here represents the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “a lot of people in Jerusalem were stirred up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2847 | ACT | 21 | 31 | zgas | figs-hyperbole | ὅλη συνχύννεται Ἰερουσαλήμ | 1 | The word all is an exaggeration to show a large crowd was upset. Alternate translation: “a lot of people in Jerusalem were in an uproar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
2848 | ACT | 21 | 32 | j81t | κατέδραμεν | 1 | The word he refers to the chief captain of the guard mentioned in Acts 21:31. | ||
2849 | ACT | 21 | 32 | dgz5 | κατέδραμεν | 1 | ran down | From the fortress, there are stairs going down into the court. | |
2850 | ACT | 21 | 32 | e4rj | τὸν χιλίαρχον | 1 | the commander | The commander was a Roman military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers. | |
2851 | ACT | 21 | 33 | w28u | ἐπελάβετο αὐτοῦ | 1 | laid hold of him | Alternate translation: “took hold of Paul” or “arrested Paul” | |
2852 | ACT | 21 | 33 | zi4l | figs-activepassive | ἐκέλευσε δεθῆναι | 1 | commanded him to be bound | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “commanded his soldiers to bind him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2853 | ACT | 21 | 33 | xd9w | ἁλύσεσι δυσί | 1 | with two chains | This means they bound Paul to two Roman soldiers, one on each side of him. | |
2854 | ACT | 21 | 33 | y6zw | figs-quotations | ἐπυνθάνετο τίς εἴη καὶ τί ἐστιν πεποιηκώς | 1 | he asked who he is and what it is that he had done. | You can state this as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “He asked, ‘Who is this man? What has he done?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
2855 | ACT | 21 | 33 | fi22 | ἐπυνθάνετο τίς εἴη | 1 | he asked who he is | The commander is speaking to the crowd, not to Paul. | |
2856 | ACT | 21 | 34 | k35e | αὐτοῦ…αὐτὸν | 1 | he | The first instance of he refers to the commander, and the second he refers to Paul. | |
2857 | ACT | 21 | 34 | qcc6 | figs-activepassive | ἐκέλευσεν ἄγεσθαι αὐτὸν | 1 | commanded that he be brought | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “he ordered his soldiers to bring Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2858 | ACT | 21 | 34 | w2qj | εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν | 1 | into the fortress | This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. | |
2859 | ACT | 21 | 35 | h9n7 | figs-activepassive | ὅτε δὲ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀναβαθμούς, συνέβη βαστάζεσθαι αὐτὸν | 1 | But when he came to the steps, he had to be carried | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “But when Paul came to the steps of the fortress, the soldiers had to carry him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2860 | ACT | 21 | 36 | kax6 | figs-euphemism | αἶρε αὐτόν | 1 | Away with him | The crowd is using somewhat milder and less exact language to ask for Paul’s death. Alternate translation: “Put him to death” or “Kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
2861 | ACT | 21 | 37 | j9xk | figs-activepassive | μέλλων τε εἰσάγεσθαι εἰς τὴν παρεμβολὴν, ὁ Παῦλος | 1 | And as Paul was about to be brought into the fortress | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “As the soldiers were ready to bring Paul inside the fortress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2862 | ACT | 21 | 37 | qp63 | τὴν παρεμβολὴν | 1 | the fortress | This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in Acts 21:34. | |
2863 | ACT | 21 | 37 | inl1 | τῷ χιλιάρχῳ | 1 | to the commander | The commander was a Roman military officer of about 600 soldiers. | |
2864 | ACT | 21 | 37 | p5cd | figs-rquestion | Ἑλληνιστὶ γινώσκεις? | 1 | Do you know Greek? | The commander uses this questions to express surprise that Paul is not who he thought he was. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “So you speak Greek.” or “I didn’t know you spoke Greek.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
2865 | ACT | 21 | 38 | xx2w | figs-rquestion | οὐκ ἄρα σὺ εἶ ὁ Αἰγύπτιος, ὁ πρὸ τούτων τῶν ἡμερῶν, ἀναστατώσας καὶ ἐξαγαγὼν εἰς τὴν ἔρημον τοὺς τετρακισχιλίους ἄνδρας τῶν σικαρίων? | 1 | Are you not then the Egyptian who before this day revolted and led the four thousand men of the ‘Assassins’ out into the wilderness? | The commander uses this question and the question “Do you speak Greek?” (verse 37) to express surprise that Paul is not who he thought he was. This could mean: (1) as in ULT, the commander believes that even though Paul speaks Greek, Paul is the Egyptian. “Even though you speak Greek, I still think you are the Egyptian who before this day revolted and led the four thousand men of the ‘Assassins’ out into the wilderness.” (2) Because Paul speaks Greek, the commander thinks that perhaps Paul is not the Egyptian. “So you speak Greek. Perhaps I was wrong to think you were that Egyptian who before this day revolted and led the four thousand men of the ‘Assassins’ out into the wilderness.” It is best to retain the questions if the reader can infer one of the two meanings from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
2866 | ACT | 21 | 38 | nxs6 | figs-explicit | οὐκ ἄρα σὺ εἶ ὁ Αἰγύπτιος | 1 | Are you not then the Egyptian | Shortly before Paul’s visit, an unnamed man from Egypt had launched a revolt against Rome in Jerusalem. Later he escaped into the wilderness and the commander wonders if Paul might be the same man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2867 | ACT | 21 | 38 | tqh6 | translate-numbers | τοὺς τετρακισχιλίους ἄνδρας | 1 | the 4,000 men | Alternate translation: “the four thousand terrorists” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
2868 | ACT | 21 | 38 | p2ym | τῶν σικαρίων | 1 | of the ‘Assassins’ | This refers to a group of Jewish rebels who killed Romans and anyone who supported Romans. | |
2869 | ACT | 21 | 39 | ys84 | δέομαι…σου | 1 | I ask you | Alternate translation: “I beg you” or “I plead with you” | |
2870 | ACT | 21 | 39 | a139 | ἐπίτρεψόν μοι | 1 | allow me | Alternate translation: “please allow me” or “please permit me” | |
2871 | ACT | 21 | 40 | qp2q | figs-abstractnouns | ἐπιτρέψαντος…αὐτοῦ | 1 | when he had given him permission | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word permission, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “when the commander permitted him to speak” or “after the commander allowed him to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
2872 | ACT | 21 | 40 | a4y2 | ὁ Παῦλος ἑστὼς ἐπὶ τῶν ἀναβαθμῶν | 1 | Paul, standing on the steps | The word steps here refers to the steps on the stairway to the fortress. | |
2873 | ACT | 21 | 40 | rk1y | figs-explicit | κατέσεισε τῇ χειρὶ τῷ λαῷ | 1 | motioned with his hand to the people | It can be stated explicitly why Paul motioned with his hand. Alternate translation: “motioned with his hand for the people to be quiet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2874 | ACT | 21 | 40 | xj6i | πολλῆς δὲ σιγῆς γενομένης | 1 | And when there was a deep silence | Alternate translation: “And when the people were completely silent” | |
2875 | ACT | 22 | intro | gq5g | 0 | Acts 22 General NotesStructure and formattingThis is the second account of Paul’s conversion in the book of Acts. Because this is such an important event in the early church, there are three accounts of Paul’s conversion. (See: Acts 9 and Acts 26) Special concepts in this chapter“In the Hebrew language”Most Jews at this time spoke Aramaic and Greek. Most of the people who spoke Hebrew were educated Jewish scholars. This is why the people paid attention when Paul started speaking in Hebrew. “The Way”No one knows for sure who first started calling believers “followers of the Way.” This is probably what the believers called themselves, because the Bible often speaks of a person living his life as if that person were walking on a path or “way.” If this is true, the believers were “following the way of the Lord” by living in a way that pleased God. Roman citizenshipThe Romans thought that they needed to treat only Roman citizens justly. They could do as they desired with people who were not Roman citizens, but they had to obey the law with other Romans. Some people were born Roman citizens, and others gave money to the Roman government so they could become Roman citizens. The “chief captain” could have been punished for treating a Roman citizen the same way he would treat a non-citizen. | |||
2876 | ACT | 22 | 1 | a8ir | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul speaks to the Jewish crowd in Jerusalem. | ||
2877 | ACT | 22 | 1 | xe46 | ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες | 1 | brothers, and fathers | This is a polite way of addressing men who are Paul’s age as well as the older men in the audience. | |
2878 | ACT | 22 | 1 | pe8t | ἀκούσατέ μου τῆς πρὸς ὑμᾶς νυνὶ | 1 | listen to my defense to you now | Alternate translation: “I will now explain to you what I have done” or “please listen as I tell you my story” | |
2879 | ACT | 22 | 2 | kq95 | writing-background | 0 | General Information: | This verse gives background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) | |
2880 | ACT | 22 | 2 | b4sk | τῇ Ἑβραΐδι διαλέκτῳ | 1 | in the Hebrew language | The Hebrew language was the language of the Jews. | |
2881 | ACT | 22 | 3 | g311 | figs-activepassive | ἀνατεθραμμένος δὲ ἐν τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ, παρὰ τοὺς πόδας Γαμαλιήλ | 1 | but educated in this city at the feet of Gamaliel | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “but I was a student of rabbi Gamaliel here in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2882 | ACT | 22 | 3 | d4dx | figs-metonymy | παρὰ τοὺς πόδας Γαμαλιήλ | 1 | at the feet of Gamaliel | Here, feet stands for the place where a student would sit while learning from a teacher. Alternate translation: “by Gamaliel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2883 | ACT | 22 | 3 | b1dq | Γαμαλιήλ | 1 | of Gamaliel | Gamaliel was one of the most prominent teachers of the Jewish law. See how you translated this name in Acts 5:34. | |
2884 | ACT | 22 | 3 | iz4g | figs-activepassive | πεπαιδευμένος κατὰ ἀκρίβειαν τοῦ πατρῴου νόμου | 1 | instructed according to the strict ways of the law of our fathers | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “he instructed me how to carefully obey every law of our forefathers” or “the instruction I received followed the exact details of the law of our forefathers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2885 | ACT | 22 | 3 | lqk7 | τοῦ πατρῴου νόμου | 1 | of the law of our fathers | This refers to the law that God gave to the people of Israel through Moses. Alternate translation: “of the law of our ancestors” | |
2886 | ACT | 22 | 3 | a8d6 | ζηλωτὴς ὑπάρχων τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | being zealous for God | Alternate translation: “I am completely dedicated to obeying God” or “I am passionate about my service to God” | |
2887 | ACT | 22 | 3 | dbl4 | καθὼς πάντες ὑμεῖς ἐστε σήμερον | 1 | just as all of you are today | Paul compares himself with the crowd. Alternate translation: “in the same way all of you are today” | |
2888 | ACT | 22 | 4 | jy3z | figs-metonymy | ὃς ταύτην τὴν Ὁδὸν ἐδίωξα | 1 | I persecuted this Way | Here, this Way represents the people who belonged to the group called “the Way.” Alternate translation: “I persecuted the people who belonged to this Way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2889 | ACT | 22 | 4 | bk4c | ταύτην τὴν Ὁδὸν | 1 | this Way | The term this Way was used to refer to Christianity. See how you translated the Way in Acts 9:2. | |
2890 | ACT | 22 | 4 | dr8c | figs-abstractnouns | ἄχρι θανάτου | 1 | as far as death | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word death, you could express the same idea with the verb “kill” or “die.” Alternate translation: “and I looked for ways to kill them” or “to the point of killing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
2891 | ACT | 22 | 4 | zd2r | δεσμεύων καὶ παραδιδοὺς εἰς φυλακὰς, ἄνδρας τε καὶ γυναῖκας | 1 | binding and delivering to prison both men and women | Alternate translation: “tying up both men and women and taking them to prison” | |
2892 | ACT | 22 | 5 | v2km | μαρτυρεῖ | 1 | testifies | Alternate translation: “can testify” or “can tell you” | |
2893 | ACT | 22 | 5 | i45u | παρ’ ὧν καὶ ἐπιστολὰς δεξάμενος | 1 | from whom also having received letters | Alternate translation: “who also gave me letters” | |
2894 | ACT | 22 | 5 | in72 | πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς, εἰς Δαμασκὸν | 1 | for the brothers in Damascus | Here, brothers refers to “fellow Jews.” | |
2895 | ACT | 22 | 5 | y82b | ἄξων…τοὺς ἐκεῖσε ὄντας, δεδεμένους εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ | 1 | to bring back in bonds to Jerusalem those who were there | Alternate translation: “to bind with chains those of the Way and bring them back to Jerusalem” | |
2896 | ACT | 22 | 5 | ht9f | figs-activepassive | ἵνα τιμωρηθῶσιν | 1 | in order that they might be punished | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “in order that they may receive punishment” or “in order that the Jewish authorities could punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2897 | ACT | 22 | 6 | pe9s | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul describes his encounter with Jesus. | ||
2898 | ACT | 22 | 6 | w4l7 | ἐγένετο δέ μοι | 1 | It happened to me that | This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. | |
2899 | ACT | 22 | 7 | d6nd | figs-synecdoche | ἤκουσα φωνῆς λεγούσης μοι | 1 | heard a voice saying to me | Here, voice stands for the person speaking. Alternate translation: “I heard someone say to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2900 | ACT | 22 | 9 | h95h | figs-synecdoche | τὴν…φωνὴν οὐκ ἤκουσαν τοῦ λαλοῦντός μοι | 1 | they did not understand the voice of the one who was speaking to me | Here, voice stands for the person speaking. Alternate translation: “they did not understand what the one who spoke to me was saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2901 | ACT | 22 | 10 | a91a | figs-activepassive | κἀκεῖ σοι λαληθήσεται | 1 | and there you will be told | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “there someone will tell you” or “there you will find out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2902 | ACT | 22 | 11 | n1kb | οὐκ ἐνέβλεπον ἀπὸ τῆς δόξης τοῦ φωτὸς ἐκείνου | 1 | I could not see because of the glory of that light | Alternate translation: “I was left blind because of that light’s brightness” | |
2903 | ACT | 22 | 11 | qyf0 | figs-activepassive | χειραγωγούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν συνόντων μοι, ἦλθον εἰς Δαμασκόν | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those with me guided me into Damascus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2904 | ACT | 22 | 11 | n2n1 | figs-synecdoche | χειραγωγούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν συνόντων μοι | 1 | being led by the hands of those who were with me, I came into Damascus | Here, hands stands for those leading Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2905 | ACT | 22 | 12 | a17q | writing-participants | Ἁνανίας…τις | 1 | The words a certain Ananias are used to introduce Ananias as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
2906 | ACT | 22 | 12 | h5bh | translate-names | Ἁνανίας | 1 | Ananias | Though this is not the same Ananias who died earlier in Acts Acts 5:3, you may translate it the same way though as you did in Acts 5:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2907 | ACT | 22 | 12 | z1g3 | ἀνὴρ εὐλαβὴς κατὰ τὸν νόμον | 1 | a devout man according to the law | Ananias was very serious about following God’s law. | |
2908 | ACT | 22 | 12 | e7uw | figs-activepassive | μαρτυρούμενος ὑπὸ πάντων τῶν κατοικούντων Ἰουδαίων | 1 | being testified to by all the Jews who lived there | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “having a good reputation among all the Jews who lived there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2909 | ACT | 22 | 13 | un4g | Σαοὺλ, ἀδελφέ | 1 | Saul, brother | Here, brother is a polite way to address someone. Alternate translation: “Saul, my friend” | |
2910 | ACT | 22 | 13 | x3kc | figs-idiom | ἀνάβλεψον | 1 | look up | This phrase is an idiom that means “receive your sight.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
2911 | ACT | 22 | 13 | se47 | figs-idiom | αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ | 1 | that very hour | This was a customary way of saying something happened immediately. Alternate translation: “at that instant” or “instantly” or “immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
2912 | ACT | 22 | 13 | x4s0 | figs-idiom | κἀγὼ…ἀνέβλεψα εἰς αὐτόν | 1 | And … I looked up to him | This phrase is an idiom that means he received his sight. Alternate translation: “And … I was able to see him” or “And … I saw him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
2913 | ACT | 22 | 14 | v2i7 | ὁ…εἶπεν | 1 | The wordhe refers to Ananias (Acts 22:12). | ||
2914 | ACT | 22 | 14 | k3ck | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul finishes telling what had happened to him in Damascus. He quotes what Ananias said to him. This is still part of his speech to the crowd in Jerusalem. | ||
2915 | ACT | 22 | 14 | k417 | τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ | 1 | his will | Alternate translation: “what God is planning and will cause to happen” | |
2916 | ACT | 22 | 14 | dg8q | figs-synecdoche | ἀκοῦσαι φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ | 1 | to hear the voice from his own mouth | Both voice and mouth refer to the one speaking. Alternate translation: “to hear him speak directly to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
2917 | ACT | 22 | 15 | i5q8 | figs-gendernotations | πρὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους | 1 | to all men | Here, men means all people whether male or female. Alternate translation: “to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
2918 | ACT | 22 | 16 | bhg9 | νῦν | 1 | Now | Here, now does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. | |
2919 | ACT | 22 | 16 | mmx9 | figs-rquestion | τί μέλλεις? | 1 | why are you waiting? | This question was asked to exhort Paul to be baptized. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “do not wait!” or “do not delay!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
2920 | ACT | 22 | 16 | lt2i | figs-activepassive | βάπτισαι | 1 | be baptized | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “let me baptize you” or “receive baptism” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2921 | ACT | 22 | 16 | zr5p | figs-metaphor | ἀπόλουσαι τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου | 1 | wash away your sins | As washing one’s body removes dirt, calling on the name of Jesus for forgiveness cleanses one’s inner being from sin. Alternate translation: “ask forgiveness for your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2922 | ACT | 22 | 16 | g5dq | ἐπικαλεσάμενος τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ | 1 | having called on his name | Here, name refers to the Lord. Alternate translation: “having called on the Lord” or “trusting in the Lord” | |
2923 | ACT | 22 | 17 | znq6 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul begins to tell the crowd about his vision of Jesus. | ||
2924 | ACT | 22 | 17 | its2 | ἐγένετο δέ μοι | 1 | And it happened to me that | This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. | |
2925 | ACT | 22 | 17 | yr9l | γενέσθαι με ἐν ἐκστάσει | 1 | I fell into a trance | Alternate translation: “I had a vision” or “God gave me a vision” | |
2926 | ACT | 22 | 18 | jy2c | ἰδεῖν αὐτὸν λέγοντά μοι | 1 | I saw him saying to me | Alternate translation: “I saw Jesus as he said to me” | |
2927 | ACT | 22 | 18 | qul6 | οὐ παραδέξονταί σου μαρτυρίαν περὶ ἐμοῦ | 1 | they will not accept your testimony about me | Alternate translation: “those who live in Jerusalem will not believe what you tell them about me” | |
2928 | ACT | 22 | 19 | q5cl | αὐτοὶ ἐπίστανται | 1 | Here the words they themselves refers to the non-believing Jews in Jerusalem. | ||
2929 | ACT | 22 | 19 | im4n | figs-rpronouns | αὐτοὶ ἐπίστανται | 1 | they themselves know | The word themselves is used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) |
2930 | ACT | 22 | 19 | da1e | κατὰ τὰς συναγωγὰς | 1 | according to the synagogues | Paul went to the synagogues to find Jews who believed in Jesus. Alternate translation: “in each of the synagogues” or “in every synagogue” | |
2931 | ACT | 22 | 20 | y7t1 | figs-metonymy | ἐξεχύννετο τὸ αἷμα Στεφάνου τοῦ μάρτυρός σου | 1 | the blood of Stephen your witness was spilled | Here, blood stands for Stephen’s life. To spill blood means to kill. Alternate translation: “your witness Stephen was killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
2932 | ACT | 22 | 20 | udrd | figs-activepassive | ἐξεχύννετο τὸ αἷμα Στεφάνου τοῦ μάρτυρός σου | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they killed Stephen who testified about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2933 | ACT | 22 | 22 | fj9x | αὐτοῦ…αὐτὸν | 1 | Here both instances of the words him refer to Paul. | ||
2934 | ACT | 22 | 22 | ta8z | αἶρε ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς τὸν τοιοῦτον | 1 | Remove such a one from the earth | The phrase from the earth adds emphasis to “Remove such a one.” Alternate translation: “Kill him” | |
2935 | ACT | 22 | 23 | ylr7 | κραυγαζόντων τε αὐτῶν | 1 | And as they were shouting | The phrase as they were is used to mark two events that are happening at the same time. | |
2936 | ACT | 22 | 23 | b6a7 | translate-symaction | ῥιπτούντων τὰ ἱμάτια, καὶ κονιορτὸν βαλλόντων εἰς τὸν ἀέρα | 1 | throwing off their outer garments, and throwing dust into the air | These actions show that the Jews there are outraged because they feel Paul has spoken against God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
2937 | ACT | 22 | 24 | x7zv | χιλίαρχος | 1 | commander | The commander was a Roman military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers. | |
2938 | ACT | 22 | 24 | h6gp | figs-activepassive | ἐκέλευσεν…εἰσάγεσθαι αὐτὸν | 1 | commanded him to be brought | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “ordered his soldiers to bring Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2939 | ACT | 22 | 24 | sth6 | τὴν παρεμβολήν | 1 | the fortress | This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in Acts 21:34. | |
2940 | ACT | 22 | 24 | pz47 | figs-explicit | εἴπας μάστιξιν ἀνετάζεσθαι αὐτὸν | 1 | commanding him to be examined by flogging | The commander wanted to torture Paul by whipping him to ensure that he was telling the truth. Alternate translation: “ordering that Paul be whipped to force him to tell the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2941 | ACT | 22 | 24 | og3n | figs-activepassive | εἴπας μάστιξιν ἀνετάζεσθαι αὐτὸν | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “ordering his soldiers to whip Paul to force him to tell the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2942 | ACT | 22 | 25 | ar63 | προέτειναν | 1 | Here the word they refers to the soldiers. | ||
2943 | ACT | 22 | 25 | st4k | τοῖς ἱμᾶσιν | 1 | for the whip | The whip was made from strips of leather or animal hide. | |
2944 | ACT | 22 | 25 | yjw3 | figs-rquestion | εἰ ἄνθρωπον Ῥωμαῖον καὶ ἀκατάκριτον, ἔξεστιν ὑμῖν μαστίζειν? | 1 | Is it lawful for you to whip a man who is a Roman and uncondemned? | Paul uses this question to make the centurion check the validity of having his soldiers whip Paul. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is not lawful for you to whip a man who is a Roman and who was not given his legal right to a trial!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
2945 | ACT | 22 | 26 | pca7 | figs-rquestion | τί μέλλεις ποιεῖν? | 1 | What are you about to do? | This question is used to urge the commander to reconsider his plan to whip Paul. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not do this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
2946 | ACT | 22 | 27 | pe31 | αὐτῷ…ὁ | 1 | Here the words him and he refer to Paul. | ||
2947 | ACT | 22 | 27 | e69y | figs-go | προσελθὼν…ὁ χιλίαρχος | 1 | having come, the commander | Here, come can be translated as “gone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) |
2948 | ACT | 22 | 28 | dr2w | ἐγὼ πολλοῦ κεφαλαίου τὴν πολιτείαν ταύτην ἐκτησάμην | 1 | I bought this citizenship with a large amount of money | The captain may be making this statement because he knows how hard it is to become a Roman citizen, and he suspects Paul is not telling truth. Alternate translation: “I paid a lot of money to the Roman authorities to become a citizen of Rome” | |
2949 | ACT | 22 | 28 | r79c | figs-abstractnouns | ἐγὼ…τὴν πολιτείαν ταύτην ἐκτησάμην | 1 | I bought this citizenship | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word citizenship, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “I became a citizen by paying for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
2950 | ACT | 22 | 28 | rly1 | ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ γεγέννημαι | 1 | I, however, was indeed born as one | If a father is a Roman citizen, then his children become Roman citizens automatically when they are born. Paul’s father was a Roman. Alternate translation: “But I am a citizen by birth!” | |
2951 | ACT | 22 | 29 | ii8p | οἱ μέλλοντες…ἀνετάζειν | 1 | those who were about to examine | Alternate translation: “the men who planned to examine” or “the men who were preparing to question” | |
2952 | ACT | 22 | 30 | g33i | κατηγορεῖται…ἔλυσεν αὐτόν…ἔστησεν | 1 | Here the first occurrence of the word he refers to Paul, and the second and third occurrences refer to the chief captain. Both occurrences of the word him refer to Paul. | ||
2953 | ACT | 22 | 30 | kx58 | ἔλυσεν αὐτόν | 1 | he released him | Alternate translation: “the commander ordered his soldiers to untie Paul’s bonds” | |
2954 | ACT | 22 | 30 | c5ia | καταγαγὼν τὸν Παῦλον | 1 | having brought down Paul | From the fortress, there is a stairway going down to the temple courts. | |
2955 | ACT | 23 | intro | gbw5 | 0 | Acts 23 General NotesStructure and formattingSome translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted material in 23:5. Special concepts in this chapterResurrection of the deadThe Pharisees believed that after people died, they would become alive again and God would either reward them or punish them. The Sadducees believed that once people died, they stayed dead and would never become alive again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/raise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]]) “Called a curse”Some Jews promised God that they would not eat or drink until they killed Paul, and they asked God to punish them if they did not do what they had promised to do. Roman citizenshipThe Romans thought that they needed to treat only Roman citizens justly. They could do as they desired with people who were not Roman citizens, but they had to obey the law with other Romans. Some people were born Roman citizens, and others gave money to the Roman government so they could become Roman citizens. The “chief captain” could have been punished for treating a Roman citizen the same way he would treat a non-citizen. Important figures of speech in this chapterWhitewashThis is a common metaphor in Scripture for appearing to be good or clean or righteous when one is evil or unclean or unrighteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |||
2956 | ACT | 23 | 1 | z2sq | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul stands before the chief priests and the council members (Acts 22:30). | ||
2957 | ACT | 23 | 1 | jru4 | ἀδελφοί | 1 | brothers | Here, brothers means “fellow Jews.” | |
2958 | ACT | 23 | 1 | nn2q | ἐγὼ πάσῃ συνειδήσει ἀγαθῇ πεπολίτευμαι τῷ Θεῷ ἄχρι ταύτης τῆς ἡμέρας | 1 | I have lived as a citizen before God in all good conscience until this day | Alternate translation: “I know that even to this day I have done what God has wanted me to do as a Jewish man” | |
2959 | ACT | 23 | 2 | yz4n | translate-names | Ἁνανίας | 1 | Ananias | Ananias is the name of a man. Though this is the same name, this not the same Ananias as in Acts 5:1 nor the same Ananias as in Acts 9:10. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
2960 | ACT | 23 | 3 | igq4 | figs-metaphor | τοῖχε κεκονιαμένε | 1 | you whitewashed wall | This refers to a wall that was painted white to make it look clean. Paul told Ananias that just as a wall can be painted to look clean, so Ananias appeared to look morally clean, but he was really full of evil intent. Alternate translation: “you wall painted white” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2961 | ACT | 23 | 3 | un7g | figs-rquestion | σὺ κάθῃ κρίνων με κατὰ τὸν νόμον, καὶ παρανομῶν κελεύεις με τύπτεσθαι? | 1 | do you sit judging me by the law, yet command me to be struck, against the law? | Paul uses a question to point out Ananias’ hypocrisy. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “you sit there to judge me by the law, yet you command me to be struck against the law.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
2962 | ACT | 23 | 3 | m6nb | figs-activepassive | κελεύεις με τύπτεσθαι | 1 | command me to be struck | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. You can use the same word for strike as you did in the phrase “God will strike you.” Alternate translation: “command people to strike me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2963 | ACT | 23 | 4 | lkh8 | figs-rquestion | τὸν ἀρχιερέα τοῦ Θεοῦ λοιδορεῖς? | 1 | Are you insulting the high priest of God? | The men use this question to scold Paul for what he has said in Acts 23:3. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not insult God’s high priest!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
2964 | ACT | 23 | 5 | e8lg | figs-activepassive | γέγραπται γὰρ | 1 | For it is written | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For Moses wrote in the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2965 | ACT | 23 | 5 | veqe | ἄρχοντα τοῦ λαοῦ σου, οὐκ ἐρεῖς κακῶς | 1 | Paul quotes from the writings of Moses. | ||
2966 | ACT | 23 | 6 | pbe1 | ἀδελφοί | 1 | brothers | Here, brothers means “fellow Jews.” | |
2967 | ACT | 23 | 6 | as3f | υἱὸς Φαρισαίων | 1 | a son of Pharisees | Here, son means he is the literal son of a Pharisee and also the descendant of Pharisees. Alternate translation: “and my father and forefathers were Pharisees” | |
2968 | ACT | 23 | 6 | ys5k | figs-activepassive | ἐγὼ κρίνομαι | 1 | I am being judged | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you are judging me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2969 | ACT | 23 | 6 | iz18 | figs-abstractnouns | περὶ ἐλπίδος καὶ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν | 1 | concerning the hope and resurrection of the dead | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word resurrection, you can express the idea as “come back to life.” Alternate translation: “because I have confidence that the dead will come back to life again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
2970 | ACT | 23 | 6 | dchr | figs-nominaladj | περὶ ἐλπίδος καὶ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν | 1 | If your language does not use the nominal adjective dead, you can be express it as “those who have died.” Alternate translation: “I have confidence that those who have died will come back to life again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
2971 | ACT | 23 | 7 | abs3 | ἐσχίσθη τὸ πλῆθος | 1 | the crowd was divided | Alternate translation: “the people in the crowd strongly disagreed with one another” | |
2972 | ACT | 23 | 8 | gl1s | writing-background | Σαδδουκαῖοι μὲν γὰρ λέγουσιν μὴ εἶναι ἀνάστασιν, μήτε ἄγγελον, μήτε πνεῦμα; Φαρισαῖοι δὲ ὁμολογοῦσιν τὰ ἀμφότερα | 1 | For the Sadducees … but the Pharisees | This is background information about the Sadducees and Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
2973 | ACT | 23 | 9 | eaf1 | ἐγένετο δὲ κραυγὴ μεγάλη | 1 | So a large uproar occurred | The word so marks an event that happened because of something else that happened previously. In this case, the previous event is Paul’s stating his belief in the resurrection. Alternate translation: “So they began shouting loudly at one another” | |
2974 | ACT | 23 | 9 | ayr8 | figs-hypo | εἰ…πνεῦμα ἐλάλησεν αὐτῷ, ἢ ἄγγελος | 1 | what if a spirit has spoken to him, or an angel? | The Pharisees are rebuking the Sadducees by affirming that spirits and angels do exist and can speak to people. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “perhaps a spirit or an angel has spoken to him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
2975 | ACT | 23 | 10 | dr1d | figs-abstractnouns | πολλῆς δὲ γινομένης στάσεως | 1 | And when a great argument happened | The phrase a great argument can be re-stated as “to argue violently.” Alternate translation: “And when they began to argue violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
2976 | ACT | 23 | 10 | s65i | χιλίαρχος | 1 | commander | The commander was a Roman military officer or leader of about 600 soldiers. | |
2977 | ACT | 23 | 10 | f568 | figs-activepassive | διασπασθῇ ὁ Παῦλος ὑπ’ αὐτῶν | 1 | that Paul would be torn to pieces by them | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that they might tear Paul to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
2978 | ACT | 23 | 10 | tqhu | figs-hyperbole | διασπασθῇ ὁ Παῦλος ὑπ’ αὐτῶν | 1 | The phrase be torn to pieces might be an exaggeration of how the people might harm Paul. Alternate translation: “that they would cause Paul great physical harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
2979 | ACT | 23 | 10 | man3 | ἁρπάσαι αὐτὸν | 1 | to seize him by force | Alternate translation: “to use physical force to take him away” | |
2980 | ACT | 23 | 10 | ap3c | εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν | 1 | into the fortress | This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in Acts 21:34. | |
2981 | ACT | 23 | 11 | i9w5 | τῇ…ἐπιούσῃ νυκτὶ | 1 | the following night | This means the night after the day Paul went before the council. Alternate translation: “that night” | |
2982 | ACT | 23 | 11 | r4q4 | figs-ellipsis | εἰς Ῥώμην μαρτυρῆσαι | 1 | to testify in Rome | The words “about me” are understood. Alternate translation: “to bear witness about me in Rome” or “to testify about me in Rome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
2983 | ACT | 23 | 12 | fm3y | 0 | Connecting Statement: | While Paul was in the prison at the fortress, the disbelieving religious Jews vow to kill him. | ||
2984 | ACT | 23 | 12 | klb4 | ποιήσαντες συστροφὴν | 1 | having formed a conspiracy | They formed this conspiracy for the purpose of killing Paul. Alternate translation: “having organized a group with a shared purpose” | |
2985 | ACT | 23 | 12 | g3sj | figs-explicit | ἀνεθεμάτισαν ἑαυτοὺς | 1 | cursed themselves | It can be made explicit what would cause them to be cursed. Alternate translation: “asked God to curse them if they did not do what they promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
2986 | ACT | 23 | 13 | f1u2 | translate-numbers | τεσσεράκοντα οἱ | 1 | 40 who | Alternate translation: “forty men who had become part of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
2987 | ACT | 23 | 13 | u5s5 | οἱ ταύτην τὴν συνωμοσίαν ποιησάμενοι | 1 | who had formed this conspiracy | Alternate translation: “who had made this plan” or “who planned to kill Paul” | |
2988 | ACT | 23 | 14 | zb6w | οἵτινες | 1 | Here the word They refers to the forty Jews in Acts 23:13. | ||
2989 | ACT | 23 | 14 | ur73 | figs-metaphor | ἀναθέματι ἀνεθεματίσαμεν ἑαυτοὺς, μηδενὸς γεύσασθαι ἕως οὗ ἀποκτείνωμεν τὸν Παῦλον | 1 | We have cursed ourselves with a curse, to eat nothing until we have killed Paul | To make a vow and to ask God to curse them if they do not fulfill their vow is spoken of as if the curse were an object that they carry on their shoulders. Alternate translation: “We have sworn to eat nothing until we have killed Paul. We asked God to curse us if we do not do what we promised to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
2990 | ACT | 23 | 15 | tuao | figs-you | ὑμεῖς…ὑμᾶς…μέλλοντας | 1 | All instances of you are plural and refers to the chief priests and elders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
2991 | ACT | 23 | 15 | u8xm | figs-exclusive | ἡμεῖς | 1 | Here, we refers to the forty Jews who planned to kill Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2992 | ACT | 23 | 15 | w418 | νῦν οὖν | 1 | Now, therefore | Alternate translation: “Because what we have just said is true” or “Because we have put ourselves under this curse” | |
2993 | ACT | 23 | 15 | q9e6 | νῦν | 1 | Now | Here, Now does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. | |
2994 | ACT | 23 | 15 | q9mb | καταγάγῃ αὐτὸν εἰς ὑμᾶς | 1 | he will bring him down to you | Alternate translation: “the commander will bring Paul from the fortress to meet with you” | |
2995 | ACT | 23 | 15 | m133 | ὡς μέλλοντας διαγινώσκειν ἀκριβέστερον τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ | 1 | as if you are going to examine more seriously the things concerning him | Alternate translation: “as though you want to learn more about what Paul has done” | |
2996 | ACT | 23 | 16 | w6fe | ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀδελφῆς Παύλου | 1 | the son of the sister of Paul | Alternate translation: “the son of Paul’s sister” or “Paul’s nephew” | |
2997 | ACT | 23 | 16 | pj5h | ἀκούσας…τὴν ἐνέδραν | 1 | having heard of the ambush | Alternate translation: “hearing that they were ready to ambush Paul” or “finding out that they were waiting to kill Paul” | |
2998 | ACT | 23 | 16 | a5hx | τὴν παρεμβολὴν | 1 | the fortress | This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in Acts 21:34. | |
2999 | ACT | 23 | 17 | d7cy | ἔχει…αὐτῷ | 1 | Here the word he refers to Paul’s nephew. The word him refers to the chief captain. | ||
3000 | ACT | 23 | 18 | abd0 | ὁ μὲν οὖν παραλαβὼν αὐτὸν, ἤγαγεν | 1 | So having taken him, he brought him | Alternate translation: “So taking the young man, the centurion brought him” | |
3001 | ACT | 23 | 18 | lzf3 | ὁ δέσμιος, Παῦλος, προσκαλεσάμενός με | 1 | The prisoner, Paul, having summoned me | Alternate translation: “The prisoner named Paul after he asked me to come talk with him” | |
3002 | ACT | 23 | 18 | ju2b | τοῦτον τὸν νεανίαν | 1 | this young man | Since the chief captain calls him a young man, this suggests Paul’s nephew may have been 12 to 15 years old. | |
3003 | ACT | 23 | 20 | uv6r | figs-synecdoche | οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι συνέθεντο | 1 | The Jews have agreed | Here, the Jews does not mean all Jews, but all of the group that was there. Alternate translation: “Some of the Jews have agreed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
3004 | ACT | 23 | 20 | wp5d | Παῦλον καταγάγῃς | 1 | you might bring Paul down | Alternate translation: “you would bring Paul down from the fortress” | |
3005 | ACT | 23 | 20 | fev5 | ὡς μέλλων τι ἀκριβέστερον πυνθάνεσθαι περὶ αὐτοῦ. | 1 | as if they were going to inquire something more concerning him | Alternate translation: “pretending they want to learn more about what Paul has done” | |
3006 | ACT | 23 | 21 | i2k9 | ἐνεδρεύουσιν…αὐτὸν | 1 | lie in wait for him | Alternate translation: “are ready to ambush Paul” or “are waiting to kill Paul” | |
3007 | ACT | 23 | 21 | r695 | οἵτινες ἀνεθεμάτισαν ἑαυτοὺς μήτε φαγεῖν μήτε πιεῖν, ἕως οὗ ἀνέλωσιν αὐτόν | 1 | who have cursed themselves neither to eat nor to drink until they have killed him | Alternate translation: “who have sworn to eat or drink nothing until they have killed Paul. And they asked God to curse them if they do not do what they promised to do” | |
3008 | ACT | 23 | 23 | wk7k | προσκαλεσάμενός | 1 | having summoned | Alternate translation: “having called to himself” | |
3009 | ACT | 23 | 23 | mgi9 | translate-numbers | δεξιολάβους διακοσίους | 1 | 200 spearmen | Alternate translation: “two hundred soldiers that are armed with spears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
3010 | ACT | 23 | 23 | kg8s | τρίτης ὥρας τῆς νυκτός | 1 | third hour of the night | This was about 9:00 PM. | |
3011 | ACT | 23 | 24 | av3h | Φήλικα τὸν ἡγεμόνα | 1 | Felix, who resided at Caesarea, was the Roman governor of the area. | ||
3012 | ACT | 23 | 25 | vg8x | 0 | General Information: | The chief captain writes a letter to Governor Felix about the arrest of Paul. | ||
3013 | ACT | 23 | 26 | vg8y | translate-names | Κλαύδιος Λυσίας…Φήλικι | 1 | Claudius Lysias is the name of the chief captain. Governor Felix was the Roman governor over the whole region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3014 | ACT | 23 | 26 | zf93 | figs-123person | Κλαύδιος Λυσίας, τῷ κρατίστῳ ἡγεμόνι Φήλικι, χαίρειν | 1 | Claudius Lysias to the most excellent Governor Felix, greetings | This is a formal introduction to the letter. The commander begins by referring to himself. You can translate it in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, Claudius Lysias, to the most excellent Governor Felix. Greetings to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
3015 | ACT | 23 | 26 | yk79 | figs-ellipsis | Κλαύδιος Λυσίας, τῷ κρατίστῳ ἡγεμόνι Φήλικι, χαίρειν | 1 | The words “am writing” are understood. Alternate translation: “I, Claudius Lysias, am writing to you, the most excellent Governor Felix. Greetings to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3016 | ACT | 23 | 26 | u2ih | τῷ κρατίστῳ ἡγεμόνι Φήλικι | 1 | to the most excellent Governor Felix | Alternate translation: “to Governor Felix who deserves greatest honors” | |
3017 | ACT | 23 | 27 | zr7l | figs-synecdoche | τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον συνλημφθέντα ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων | 1 | This man, having been seized the Jews | Here, the Jews means “some of the Jews.” Alternate translation: “This man was seized by some of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
3018 | ACT | 23 | 27 | yy0e | figs-activepassive | τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον συνλημφθέντα ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Some of the Jews seized this man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3019 | ACT | 23 | 27 | ha13 | figs-activepassive | μέλλοντα ἀναιρεῖσθαι ὑπ’ αὐτῶν | 1 | about to be killed by them | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “they were ready to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3020 | ACT | 23 | 27 | v78t | ἐπιστὰς σὺν τῷ στρατεύματι, ἐξειλάμην | 1 | having come with detachment of soldiers, I rescued | Alternate translation: “I with my soldiers arrived at the place where Paul and these Jews were and I rescued him” | |
3021 | ACT | 23 | 28 | lb1a | κατήγαγον | 1 | Here the word I refers to Claudius Lysias, the chief captain. | ||
3022 | ACT | 23 | 28 | lb1b | ἐνεκάλουν αὐτῷ | 1 | The word they refers to the group of Jews who accused Paul. | ||
3023 | ACT | 23 | 29 | zt4f | figs-activepassive | ὃν εὗρον ἐνκαλούμενον περὶ ζητημάτων τοῦ νόμου αὐτῶν | 1 | I learned that he was being accused concerning questions of their own law | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “I learned that they were accusing him about things in their own law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3024 | ACT | 23 | 29 | wsh2 | figs-abstractnouns | μηδὲν δὲ ἄξιον θανάτου ἢ δεσμῶν ἔχοντα ἔγκλημα | 1 | but there was no accusation worthy of death or imprisonment | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas behind the words accusation, death, and imprisonment, you could express the same ideas with verbs. Alternate translation: “but nobody accused him of anything that should cause Roman authorities to kill him or to send him to prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
3025 | ACT | 23 | 30 | lb1c | figs-you | σέ | 1 | The word you is singular and refers to Governor Felix. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
3026 | ACT | 23 | 30 | i2ji | figs-activepassive | μηνυθείσης δέ μοι ἐπιβουλῆς εἰς τὸν ἄνδρα ἔσεσθαι | 1 | And when a plot was to be against the man was revealed to me | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “And when I later learned that there was a plot to kill this man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3027 | ACT | 23 | 30 | pmq7 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | The chief captain ends his letter to Governor Felix. | ||
3028 | ACT | 23 | 31 | ifs1 | translate-names | τὴν Ἀντιπατρίδα | 1 | Antipatris was a city built by Herod in honor of his father, Antipater. It stood at a site located today in central Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3029 | ACT | 23 | 31 | s9rf | 0 | Connecting Statement: | This ends Paul’s time under arrest in Jerusalem and begins his time of arrest in Caesarea with Governor Felix. | ||
3030 | ACT | 23 | 31 | ny4k | οἱ…οὖν στρατιῶται κατὰ τὸ διατεταγμένον αὐτοῖς | 1 | So the soldiers, according to what had been commanded to them | The word So marks an event that happened because of something else that happened previously. In this case, the previous event is the commander’s ordering the soldiers to escort Paul. | |
3031 | ACT | 23 | 31 | ptv4 | ἀναλαβόντες τὸν Παῦλον, ἤγαγον διὰ νυκτὸς | 1 | having taken Paul, brought him by night | Here, brought can be translated as “took.” Alternate translation: “they got Paul and took him at night” | |
3032 | ACT | 23 | 32 | abd1 | ὑπέστρεψαν | 1 | having allowed … they returned | Here, they refers to the foot soldiers who left the horsemen and returned to their fortress. | |
3033 | ACT | 23 | 33 | abx1 | οἵτινες εἰσελθόντες | 1 | When they had entered | Here, they refers to the horsemen who took Paul all the way to Caesarea. | |
3034 | ACT | 23 | 34 | u44w | ἀναγνοὺς…ἐστὶν…ἀπὸ | 1 | Here the first he refers to Governor Felix, and the second and third occurrences of he refer to Paul. | ||
3035 | ACT | 23 | 34 | dtx1 | figs-quotations | ἐπερωτήσας ἐκ ποίας ἐπαρχείας ἐστὶν | 1 | had asked what province he was from | You can state this as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “he asked Paul, ‘What province are you from?’ When” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
3036 | ACT | 23 | 35 | dwv2 | figs-quotations | ἔφη | 1 | he said | This sentence, which begins with the words “When he learned” in verse 43, can be stated as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “Paul said, ‘I am from Cilicia.’ Then the governor said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
3037 | ACT | 23 | 35 | uji1 | διακούσομαί σου | 1 | I will hear you fully | Alternate translation: “I will listen to all you have to say” | |
3038 | ACT | 23 | 35 | mga2 | κελεύσας…φυλάσσεσθαι αὐτόν | 1 | having commanded him to be kept | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “having commanded soldiers to keep him” or “and commanded soldiers to restrain him” | |
3039 | ACT | 24 | intro | j74u | 0 | Acts 24 General NotesStructure and formattingPaul told the governor that he had not done what the Jews were accusing him of doing and that the governor should not punish him for what he did do. Special concepts in this chapterRespectBoth the Jewish leaders (Acts 24:2-4) and Paul (Acts 24:10) began their speeches with words that show respect to the governor. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapterGovernmental leadersThe words “governor,” “commander,” and “centurion” may be difficult to translate into some languages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |||
3040 | ACT | 24 | 1 | bc8k | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul is on trial in Caesarea. Tertullus presents Governor Felix with the charges against Paul. | ||
3041 | ACT | 24 | 1 | e8rp | μετὰ δὲ πέντε ἡμέρας | 1 | And after five days | Alternate translation: “And five days after the Roman soldiers took Paul to Caesarea” | |
3042 | ACT | 24 | 1 | n9gu | translate-names | Ἁνανίας | 1 | Ananias | Ananias is the name of a man. This is not the same Ananias as in Acts 5:1 nor the same Ananias as in Acts 9:10. See how you translated this in Acts 23:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3043 | ACT | 24 | 1 | f3vx | ῥήτορος | 1 | an orator | Alternate translation: Tertullus was an expert in Roman law who was there to accuse Paul in court. “a lawyer” | |
3044 | ACT | 24 | 1 | xm6c | translate-names | Τερτύλλου τινός | 1 | Tertullus | Tertullus is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3045 | ACT | 24 | 1 | q7wj | κατέβη | 1 | went there | Alternate translation: “went to Caesarea where Paul was” | |
3046 | ACT | 24 | 1 | nq9x | τῷ ἡγεμόνι | 1 | to the governor | Alternate translation: “in the presence of the governor who was judge in the court” | |
3047 | ACT | 24 | 1 | zm5e | ἐνεφάνισαν τῷ ἡγεμόνι κατὰ τοῦ Παύλου | 1 | appeared … against Paul | Alternate translation: “came there to argue before the governor the case that Paul had broken the law” | |
3048 | ACT | 24 | 2 | e6zg | figs-exclusive | πολλῆς εἰρήνης τυγχάνοντες | 1 | We have obtained great peace | Here, we refers to the citizens under Felix. Alternate translation: “we, the people that you govern, have obtained great peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
3049 | ACT | 24 | 2 | qw1r | figs-you | σοῦ…σῆς | 1 | Here the words you and your refers to Felix, the governor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
3050 | ACT | 24 | 2 | sv8c | καὶ διορθωμάτων γινομένων τῷ ἔθνει τούτῳ διὰ τῆς σῆς προνοίας | 1 | and good reforms have happened to our nation through your foresight | Alternate translation: “and your planning has greatly improved our nation” | |
3051 | ACT | 24 | 3 | r5jl | figs-abstractnouns | μετὰ πάσης εὐχαριστίας | 1 | with all thankfulness | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word thankfulness, you could express the same idea with an adjective or verb. Alternate translation: “so we are very thankful and we welcome everything that you do” or “so we thank you very much and welcome everything that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
3052 | ACT | 24 | 3 | q3fj | κράτιστε Φῆλιξ | 1 | most excellent Felix | Felix was the Roman governor over the whole region. See how you translated a similar phrase in Acts 23:25. Alternate translation: “Governor Felix who deserves greatest honor” | |
3053 | ACT | 24 | 4 | tyq8 | figs-exclusive | μὴ…ἐνκόπτω | 1 | The word we refers to Ananias, certain elders, and Tertullus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
3054 | ACT | 24 | 4 | jww2 | ἵνα δὲ μὴ ἐπὶ πλεῖον σε ἐνκόπτω | 1 | However, in order that we may not bother you any longer | This could mean: (1) “so that I will not take up too much of your time” or (2) “so that I will not tire you” | |
3055 | ACT | 24 | 4 | xfm5 | ἀκοῦσαί…ἡμῶν συντόμως, τῇ σῇ ἐπιεικείᾳ | 1 | to briefly listen to us in your kindness | Alternate translation: “kindly listen to my short speech” | |
3056 | ACT | 24 | 5 | i1qs | εὑρόντες…τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον λοιμὸν | 1 | we have found this man to be a troublemaker | Alternate translation: “we have learned that Paul is always causing trouble” | |
3057 | ACT | 24 | 5 | k1v1 | figs-hyperbole | πᾶσι τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις τοῖς κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην | 1 | among all the Jews who are throughout the world | The word all here is probably an exaggeration used to strengthen their accusation against Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
3058 | ACT | 24 | 5 | zg4a | figs-explicit | πρωτοστάτην…τῆς τῶν Ναζωραίων αἱρέσεως | 1 | he is a leader of the sect of the Nazarenes | The phrase the sect of the Nazarenes is another name for the Christians. Alternate translation: “he leads the entire group whom people call the followers of the Nazarene” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
3059 | ACT | 24 | 5 | n6zb | αἱρέσεως | 1 | of sect | A sect is a smaller group of people within a larger group. Tertullus considers the Christians to be a small group within Judaism. | |
3060 | ACT | 24 | 8 | ujn8 | figs-you | δυνήσῃ αὐτὸς | 1 | Here the word you is singular and refers to Governor Felix. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
3061 | ACT | 24 | 8 | e26a | ἐπιγνῶναι ὧν ἡμεῖς κατηγοροῦμεν αὐτοῦ | 1 | to learn of what we are accusing him | Alternate translation: “to learn that we are bringing very serious charges against him” or “to learn whether or not he is guilty of the things of which we are accusing him” | |
3062 | ACT | 24 | 8 | xkr4 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Tertullus finishes presenting the charges against Paul before Governor Felix. | ||
3063 | ACT | 24 | 9 | rq5f | figs-synecdoche | οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι | 1 | the Jews | Here, the Jews refers to the Jewish leaders who were at Paul’s trial. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
3064 | ACT | 24 | 10 | ict8 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul responds to Governor Felix about the charges brought against him. | ||
3065 | ACT | 24 | 10 | s92a | νεύσαντος…τοῦ ἡγεμόνος | 1 | and the governor motioned | Alternate translation: “and the governor gestured” | |
3066 | ACT | 24 | 10 | uu7a | figs-metonymy | κριτὴν τῷ ἔθνει τούτῳ | 1 | a judge to this nation | Here, this nation refers to the people of the Jewish nation. Alternate translation: “a judge for the people of the Jewish nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3067 | ACT | 24 | 10 | sr5t | εὐθύμως…ἀπολογοῦμαι | 1 | I … make my defense | Alternate translation: “I gladly explain my situation” | |
3068 | ACT | 24 | 12 | my1c | εὗρόν | 1 | Here the word they refers to the Jews who were accusing Paul. | ||
3069 | ACT | 24 | 12 | wbf6 | ἢ ἐπίστασιν ποιοῦντα ὄχλου | 1 | nor causing a rebellion of the crowd | Alternate translation: “and I did not provoke the crowd to rebel against Rome” | |
3070 | ACT | 24 | 14 | c5xa | ὁμολογῶ…τοῦτό σοι | 1 | I confess this to you | Alternate translation: “I acknowledge this to you” | |
3071 | ACT | 24 | 14 | k79p | ὅτι κατὰ τὴν Ὁδὸν | 1 | that according to the Way | The phrase the Way was a title used for Christianity during Paul’s time. | |
3072 | ACT | 24 | 14 | rqu3 | λέγουσιν αἵρεσιν | 1 | they call a sect | A sect is a smaller group of people within a larger group. Tertullus considers the Christians to be a small group within Judaism. See how you translated sect in Acts 24:5. | |
3073 | ACT | 24 | 14 | cg73 | οὕτως λατρεύω τῷ πατρῴῳ Θεῷ | 1 | in that way I serve the God of our fathers | Paul uses the phrase in that way to mean that he, as a believer in Jesus, serves God just as their Jewish ancestors did. He is not leading a sect or teaching something new that is opposed to their ancient religion. | |
3074 | ACT | 24 | 15 | nv5a | καὶ αὐτοὶ | 1 | also these men | Here, these men refers to the Jews who are accusing Paul in court. Alternate translation: “the same as these men” | |
3075 | ACT | 24 | 15 | qza8 | figs-abstractnouns | ἀνάστασιν μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι, δικαίων τε καὶ ἀδίκων | 1 | that there is going to be a resurrection of both the righteous and of the unrighteous | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word resurrection, you could express the same idea with the verb “resurrect.” Alternate translation: “that God will resurrect all who have died, both the righteous and the unrighteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
3076 | ACT | 24 | 15 | x1yd | figs-nominaladj | δικαίων τε καὶ ἀδίκων | 1 | of both the righteous and the unrighteous | These nominal adjectives refer to righteous people and unrighteous people. AT “both of righteous people and unrighteous people” or “both of those who have done what is right and those who have done what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
3077 | ACT | 24 | 16 | sfw4 | αὐτὸς ἀσκῶ…διὰ παντός | 1 | I myself always strive | Alternate translation: “I myself always work hard” or “I always do my best” | |
3078 | ACT | 24 | 16 | kcg8 | figs-metonymy | ἀπρόσκοπον συνείδησιν ἔχειν πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν | 1 | to have a blameless conscience before God | Here, conscience refers to a person’s inner morality that chooses between right and wrong. Alternate translation: “to be blameless before God” or “to always do what is right before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3079 | ACT | 24 | 16 | va3b | πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν | 1 | before God | Alternate translation: “in the presence of God” | |
3080 | ACT | 24 | 17 | p92m | δὲ | 1 | Now | The word Now marks a shift in Paul’s argument. Here he explains the situation in Jerusalem when some of the Jews arrested him. | |
3081 | ACT | 24 | 17 | py9v | δι’ ἐτῶν…πλειόνων | 1 | after many years | Alternate translation: “after many years away from Jerusalem” | |
3082 | ACT | 24 | 17 | ryk6 | figs-go | ἐλεημοσύνας ποιήσων εἰς τὸ ἔθνος μου, παρεγενόμην καὶ προσφοράς | 1 | I came to bring alms to my nation, and offerings | Here, I came can be translated as “I went.” Alternate translation: “I went to help my people by bringing them money as a gift to the poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) |
3083 | ACT | 24 | 18 | pk2m | ἡγνισμένον ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ | 1 | having been cleansed in the temple | Alternate translation: “in the temple after I had finished a ceremony to purify myself” | |
3084 | ACT | 24 | 18 | x6iy | figs-explicit | οὐ μετὰ ὄχλου, οὐδὲ μετὰ θορύβου | 1 | not with a crowd nor with an uproar | You can state this as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “I had not gathered a crowd nor was I trying to start a riot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
3085 | ACT | 24 | 20 | ag5d | αὐτοὶ | 1 | these | Here, these refers to the members of the council who were present in Jerusalem at Paul’s trial. | |
3086 | ACT | 24 | 20 | hnt9 | αὐτοὶ οὗτοι εἰπάτωσαν, τί εὗρον ἀδίκημα | 1 | let … say what wrong they found | Alternate translation: “let these men prove what I did wrong” | |
3087 | ACT | 24 | 21 | ds1s | figs-abstractnouns | περὶ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν | 1 | concerning the resurrection of the dead | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word resurrection, you can express the same idea as “God brings back to life.” Alternate translation: “because I believe that God will bring back to life those who have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
3088 | ACT | 24 | 21 | d2lm | figs-activepassive | ἐγὼ κρίνομαι σήμερον ἐφ’ ὑμῶν | 1 | I am being judged before you today | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you are judging me today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3089 | ACT | 24 | 22 | w1tn | translate-names | ὁ Φῆλιξ | 1 | Felix is the Roman governor of the area who resides at Caesarea. See how you translated this name in Acts 23:24. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3090 | ACT | 24 | 22 | a87f | τῆς Ὁδοῦ | 1 | the Way | Here, the Way is a title for Christianity. See how you translated this in Acts 9:2. | |
3091 | ACT | 24 | 22 | k1f7 | Λυσίας | 1 | Lysias | Lysias is the name of the commander. See how you translated this name in Acts 23:26. | |
3092 | ACT | 24 | 22 | z5f9 | καταβῇ | 1 | may come down | Jerusalem was higher than Caesarea so it was normal for them to speak of coming down from Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “may come down from Jerusalem” | |
3093 | ACT | 24 | 22 | ldi8 | διαγνώσομαι τὰ καθ’ ὑμᾶς | 1 | I will decide the things concerning you | Alternate translation: “I will make a decision concerning these accusations against you” or “I will judge whether you are guilty” | |
3094 | ACT | 24 | 23 | sxy2 | ἔχειν…ἄνεσιν | 1 | to have rest | Alternate translation: “to grant Paul some freedom not otherwise granted to prisoners” | |
3095 | ACT | 24 | 24 | wus4 | μετὰ δὲ ἡμέρας τινὰς | 1 | But after some days | Alternate translation: “But after several days” | |
3096 | ACT | 24 | 24 | qy9y | translate-names | Δρουσίλλῃ, τῇ ἰδίᾳ γυναικὶ | 1 | Drusilla his own wife | Drusilla is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3097 | ACT | 24 | 24 | xmq5 | figs-explicit | οὔσῃ Ἰουδαίᾳ | 1 | who was a Jewess | A Jewess refers to a female Jew. Alternate translation: “who was a Jew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
3098 | ACT | 24 | 25 | b8v1 | ἔμφοβος γενόμενος, ὁ Φῆλιξ | 1 | Felix, having became frightened | Felix may have been frightened because he felt conviction of his sins. | |
3099 | ACT | 24 | 25 | p8yi | τὸ νῦν ἔχον | 1 | Go away for now | Alternate translation: “Leave me for a while” | |
3100 | ACT | 24 | 26 | h4v7 | χρήματα δοθήσεται αὐτῷ ὑπὸ τοῦ Παύλου | 1 | money will be given to him by Paul | Felix was hoping Paul would offer him a bribe to set him free. | |
3101 | ACT | 24 | 26 | n45p | διὸ καὶ πυκνότερον αὐτὸν μεταπεμπόμενος, ὡμίλει αὐτῷ | 1 | and therefore often summoning him, he was speaking to him | Alternate translation: “and so Felix often sent for Paul and spoke with Paul” | |
3102 | ACT | 24 | 27 | ur2y | translate-names | ἔλαβεν διάδοχον ὁ Φῆλιξ Πόρκιον Φῆστον | 1 | Felix received a successor—Porcius Festus | Porcius Festus was the new roman governor who succeeded Felix. Alternate translation: “Porcius Festus replaced Felix as the governor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3103 | ACT | 24 | 27 | p59c | figs-synecdoche | θέλων…χάριτα καταθέσθαι τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις | 1 | wanted to gain favor with the Jews | Here, the Jews refers to the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “wanting the Jewish leaders to like him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
3104 | ACT | 24 | 27 | gln6 | ὁ Φῆλιξ…κατέλιπε τὸν Παῦλον δεδεμένον | 2 | Felix left Paul imprisoned | Alternate translation: “Felix kept Paul in prison” | |
3105 | ACT | 25 | intro | b6uk | 0 | Acts 25 General NotesSpecial concepts in this chapterFavorThis word is used in two different ways in this chapter. When the Jewish leaders asked Festus for a favor, they were asking him to do something special for them on that day. They wanted him to do for them something that he would not usually do. When Festus “wanted to gain the favor of the Jews,” he wanted them to like him and be willing to obey him in the months and years to come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]) Roman citizenshipThe Romans thought that they needed to treat only Roman citizens justly. They could do as they desired with people who were not Roman citizens, but they had to obey the law with other Romans. Some people were born Roman citizens, and others gave money to the Roman government so they could become Roman citizens. Roman officials could have been punished for treating a Roman citizen the same way they would treat a non-citizen. | |||
3106 | ACT | 25 | 1 | c84u | Φῆστος | 1 | Festus becomes the governor of Caesarea. See how you translated this name in Acts 24:27. | ||
3107 | ACT | 25 | 1 | w8h3 | οὖν | 1 | then | The word then marks the beginning of a new event in the story. | |
3108 | ACT | 25 | 1 | i7t9 | Φῆστος…ἐπιβὰς τῇ ἐπαρχείᾳ | 1 | Festus … having arrived in the province | This could mean: (1) Festus arrived in the area to begin his rule or (2) Festus simply arrived in the area. | |
3109 | ACT | 25 | 1 | zz4l | ἀνέβη εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἀπὸ Καισαρείας | 1 | went from Caesarea up to Jerusalem | The phrase went up is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than Caesarea. | |
3110 | ACT | 25 | 2 | uj5p | παρεκάλουν αὐτὸν | 1 | they begged him | Here the word him refers to Festus. | |
3111 | ACT | 25 | 3 | w8um | χάριν κατ’ αὐτοῦ | 1 | a favor against him | Here the word him refers to Paul. | |
3112 | ACT | 25 | 3 | qz46 | ὅπως μεταπέμψηται αὐτὸν εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ | 1 | that he might summon him to Jerusalem | This means that Festus would order his soldiers to bring Paul to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “that he might order his soldiers to bring Paul to Jerusalem” | |
3113 | ACT | 25 | 3 | pg8x | ἀνελεῖν αὐτὸν κατὰ τὴν ὁδόν | 1 | to kill him along the way | They were going to ambush Paul on the way to Jerusalem. | |
3114 | ACT | 25 | 4 | v5f9 | figs-quotations | Φῆστος ἀπεκρίθη, τηρεῖσθαι τὸν Παῦλον εἰς Καισάρειαν, ἑαυτὸν δὲ μέλλειν ἐν τάχει ἐκπορεύεσθαι | 1 | Festus answered that Paul was being held at Caesarea, and that he himself was about to go there in haste. | You can state this as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “Festus said, ‘Paul is being held prisoner in Caesarea, and I myself will soon return there.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
3115 | ACT | 25 | 5 | a54h | οἱ οὖν ἐν ὑμῖν, φησίν, δυνατοὶ συνκαταβάντες | 1 | He said, “Therefore, the leaders among you, having come down together | Alternate translation: “He said, ‘Therefore, your leaders should go to Caesarea with us and” | |
3116 | ACT | 25 | 5 | iz98 | εἴ τί ἐστιν ἐν τῷ ἀνδρὶ ἄτοπον | 1 | If there is something wrong with the man | Alternate translation: “If Paul has done anything wrong” | |
3117 | ACT | 25 | 5 | nei6 | κατηγορείτωσαν αὐτοῦ | 1 | you should accuse him | Alternate translation: “you should accuse him of violating laws” or “you should bring charges against him” | |
3118 | ACT | 25 | 6 | fi27 | διατρίψας…καταβὰς…ἐκέλευσεν…ἀχθῆναι | 1 | Here all occurrences of the word he and him refer to Festus. | ||
3119 | ACT | 25 | 6 | s69c | καταβὰς εἰς Καισάρειαν | 1 | he went down to Caesarea | Jerusalem is higher geographically than Caesarea. It was common to speak of coming down from Jerusalem. | |
3120 | ACT | 25 | 6 | qv24 | figs-metonymy | καθίσας ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος | 1 | having sat in the judgment seat | Here, judgment seat refers to Festus’ ruling as judge over Paul’s trial. Alternate translation: “having sat upon the seat where he acted as judge” or “having sat down as judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3121 | ACT | 25 | 6 | j7c5 | figs-activepassive | τὸν Παῦλον ἀχθῆναι | 1 | Paul to be brought to him | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “his soldiers bring Paul to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3122 | ACT | 25 | 7 | v4v8 | παραγενομένου δὲ αὐτοῦ | 1 | And when he had come | Alternate translation: “And when he came and stood before Festus” | |
3123 | ACT | 25 | 7 | e7g2 | figs-metaphor | πολλὰ καὶ βαρέα αἰτιώματα καταφέροντες | 1 | bringing many and serious charges | Charging a person with a crime is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could bring to court. Alternate translation: “they spoke against Paul many serious things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3124 | ACT | 25 | 8 | hc3w | figs-synecdoche | εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν | 1 | against the temple | Paul says he did not break any rules about who could enter the Jerusalem temple. Alternate translation: “against the entry rules of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
3125 | ACT | 25 | 9 | b49x | figs-synecdoche | θέλων τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις χάριν καταθέσθαι | 1 | wanting to do a favor for the Jews | Here, the Jews means the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “wanting to please the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
3126 | ACT | 25 | 9 | qe8h | εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἀναβὰς | 1 | to go up to Jerusalem | Jerusalem was higher geographically than Caesarea. It was common to speak of going up to Jerusalem. | |
3127 | ACT | 25 | 9 | wi2d | figs-activepassive | ἐκεῖ περὶ τούτων κριθῆναι ἐπ’ ἐμοῦ | 1 | and to be judged there before me about these things | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “where I will judge you with regard to these charges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3128 | ACT | 25 | 10 | u1ef | figs-metonymy | ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος Καίσαρος ἑστώς εἰμι, οὗ με δεῖ κρίνεσθαι | 1 | I stand before the judgment seat of Caesar, where it is necessary for me to be judged | The judgment seat refers to Caesar’s authority to judge Paul. Alternate translation: “I am already being judged by Roman authority, which is the only place where I should be judged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3129 | ACT | 25 | 10 | p78y | figs-activepassive | ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος Καίσαρος ἑστώς εἰμι, οὗ με δεῖ κρίνεσθαι | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Roman authority is already judging me, and they are the only ones who should judge me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3130 | ACT | 25 | 11 | el9d | figs-hypo | εἰ μὲν οὖν ἀδικῶ καὶ ἄξιον θανάτου πέπραχά τι, οὐ παραιτοῦμαι τὸ ἀποθανεῖν; εἰ δὲ οὐδέν ἐστιν ὧν οὗτοι κατηγοροῦσίν μου, οὐδείς με δύναται αὐτοῖς χαρίσασθαι | 1 | Therefore, if I have done wrong and have done anything worthy of death, I do not refuse to die. But if there is nothing of which they can accuse me, no one is able to hand me over to them | Paul is stating a hypothetical situation. If he were guilty, he would accept the punishment, but he knows that he is not guilty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
3131 | ACT | 25 | 11 | m49r | Καίσαρα ἐπικαλοῦμαι | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Paul asks to be taken before Caesar for judgment. | |
3132 | ACT | 25 | 11 | ta55 | ἄξιον θανάτου πέπραχά τι | 1 | have done anything worthy of death | Alternate translation: “have done some wrong that deserves the death penalty” | |
3133 | ACT | 25 | 11 | hxr1 | εἰ δὲ οὐδέν ἐστιν ὧν οὗτοι κατηγοροῦσίν μου | 1 | But if there is nothing of which they can accuse me | Alternate translation: “But if the charges against me are not true” | |
3134 | ACT | 25 | 11 | hr23 | οὐδείς με δύναται αὐτοῖς χαρίσασθαι | 1 | no one is able to hand me over to them | This could mean: (1) Festus does not have the legal authority to hand Paul over to these false accusers or (2) Paul was saying that if he has done nothing wrong, the governor should not give into the request of the Jews. | |
3135 | ACT | 25 | 11 | b1bf | Καίσαρα ἐπικαλοῦμαι | 1 | I appeal to Caesar | Alternate translation: “I ask that I go before Caesar so he himself can judge me” | |
3136 | ACT | 25 | 12 | t96z | μετὰ τοῦ συμβουλίου | 1 | with the council | This is not the Sanhedrin that is referred to as council throughout Acts. This is a political council in the Roman government. Alternate translation: “with his own government advisors” | |
3137 | ACT | 25 | 13 | izu8 | writing-participants | Ἀγρίππας ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ Βερνίκη | 1 | King Agrippa and Bernice are new people in the story. Though he ruled over only a few territories, King Agrippa is the current reigning king in Palestine. Bernice is Agrippa’s sister.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
3138 | ACT | 25 | 13 | q0sv | translate-names | Ἀγρίππας ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ Βερνίκη | 1 | Agrippa is a man and Bernice is a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3139 | ACT | 25 | 13 | c3gc | δὲ | 1 | Now | This word marks the beginning of a new event in the story. | |
3140 | ACT | 25 | 13 | ukd3 | ἀσπασάμενοι τὸν Φῆστον | 1 | paid their respects to Festus | Alternate translation: “to make a formal visit to greet Festus” | |
3141 | ACT | 25 | 14 | ge5h | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Festus explains Paul’s case to King Agrippa. | ||
3142 | ACT | 25 | 14 | x8jf | figs-activepassive | ἀνήρ τὶς ἐστιν καταλελειμμένος ὑπὸ Φήλικος δέσμιος | 1 | There is a certain man who has been left behind by Felix, a prisoner | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “When Felix left office, he left a man in prison here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3143 | ACT | 25 | 14 | z7yw | Φήλικος | 1 | Felix | Felix was the Roman governor of the area who resided in Caesarea. See how you translated this name in Acts 23:24. | |
3144 | ACT | 25 | 15 | b6hx | figs-metaphor | περὶ οὗ…ἐνεφάνισαν | 1 | brought charges concerning him | To charge someone in court is spoken of as if it were an object that a person brings to court. Alternate translation: “spoke to me against this man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3145 | ACT | 25 | 15 | hyp5 | figs-abstractnouns | αἰτούμενοι κατ’ αὐτοῦ καταδίκην | 1 | requesting a judgment against him | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word judgment, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “asking me to judge him” or “requesting that I judge him to be guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
3146 | ACT | 25 | 16 | e4tk | figs-metaphor | χαρίζεσθαί τινα ἄνθρωπον | 1 | to hand over any man | Here, hand over represents sending someone to people who will punish or kill him. Alternate translation: “to let someone punish anyone” or “to condemn anyone to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3147 | ACT | 25 | 16 | xjb4 | figs-idiom | πρὶν ἢ ὁ κατηγορούμενος, κατὰ πρόσωπον ἔχοι τοὺς κατηγόρους | 1 | before the one who is accused may have his accusers face to face | Here, have his accusers face to face is an idiom that means to meet in person with the people who accuse him. Alternate translation: “before the person whom others have accused of a crime had met directly with those who accused him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
3148 | ACT | 25 | 17 | z6g2 | οὖν | 1 | Therefore | Fetus had just said that an accused man should be able to face his accusers and make his defense. Alternate translation: “Because what I have just said is true” | |
3149 | ACT | 25 | 17 | rm5z | συνελθόντων…ἐνθάδε | 1 | when they had come together here | Alternate translation: “when the Jewish leaders had come to meet with me here” | |
3150 | ACT | 25 | 17 | efe2 | figs-metonymy | καθίσας ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος | 1 | having sat in the judgment seat | Here, judgment seat refers to Festus ruling over Paul’s trial as judge. Alternate translation: “having sat upon the seat to act as judge” or “having sat down as judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3151 | ACT | 25 | 17 | hm6g | figs-activepassive | ἐκέλευσα ἀχθῆναι τὸν ἄνδρα | 1 | I commanded the man to be brought in | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “I ordered the soldiers to bring Paul before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3152 | ACT | 25 | 19 | d1qm | τῆς ἰδίας δεισιδαιμονίας | 1 | their own religion | Here, religion means the belief system people have toward life and the supernatural. | |
3153 | ACT | 25 | 20 | y9bv | figs-activepassive | κἀκεῖ κρίνεσθαι περὶ τούτων | 1 | and there to be judged concerning these things | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “for me to judge him there concerning these charges” or “for a judge to decide if these charges against him are true or not” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3154 | ACT | 25 | 21 | ie7x | figs-activepassive | τοῦ δὲ Παύλου ἐπικαλεσαμένου τηρηθῆναι αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ διάγνωσιν | 1 | But when Paul appealed for him to be kept for the decision of the emperor | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “But when Paul insisted that he stay under Roman guard until the time when the emperor could decide his case” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3155 | ACT | 25 | 21 | ceq2 | figs-activepassive | ἐκέλευσα τηρεῖσθαι αὐτὸν | 1 | I commanded him to be kept | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “I ordered the soldiers to keep him in custody” or “I told the soldiers to guard him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3156 | ACT | 25 | 22 | t322 | writing-quotations | αὔριον, φησίν, ἀκούσῃ αὐτοῦ | 1 | The phrase he says can be moved to the beginning of the sentence. Alternate translation: “Festus says, ‘I will arrange for you to listen to Paul tomorrow.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]]) | |
3157 | ACT | 25 | 23 | y1yj | τοῦ Ἀγρίππα καὶ τῆς Βερνίκης | 1 | Though he ruled over only a few territories, Agrippa was the current reigning king in Palestine. Bernice was his sister. See how you translated these names in Acts 25:13. | ||
3158 | ACT | 25 | 23 | yw76 | μετὰ πολλῆς φαντασίας | 1 | with much ceremony | Alternate translation: “with a great ceremony to honor them” | |
3159 | ACT | 25 | 23 | ldb7 | τὸ ἀκροατήριον | 1 | the hall | This hall was a large room where people gathered for ceremonies, trials, and other events. | |
3160 | ACT | 25 | 23 | at4t | figs-activepassive | ἤχθη ὁ Παῦλος | 1 | Paul was brought in | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the soldiers brought Paul to appear before them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3161 | ACT | 25 | 24 | n8qj | figs-hyperbole | ἅπαν τὸ πλῆθος τῶν Ἰουδαίων | 1 | all the multitude of the Jews | The word all is an exaggeration used to emphasize that a great number of Jews wanted Paul to die. Alternate translation: “a great number of the Jews” or “many of the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
3162 | ACT | 25 | 24 | yv2q | figs-litotes | μὴ δεῖν αὐτὸν ζῆν μηκέτι | 1 | he ought not to live any longer | This statement is made in the negative to emphasize the positive equivalent. Alternate translation: “he should die immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
3163 | ACT | 25 | 25 | f6hy | αὐτοῦ δὲ τούτου ἐπικαλεσαμένου τὸν Σεβαστὸν | 1 | but he himself having appealed to the emperor | Alternate translation: “but because he said that he wanted the emperor to judge him” | |
3164 | ACT | 25 | 25 | g856 | τὸν Σεβαστὸν | 1 | to the emperor | The emperor was the ruler of the Roman empire. He ruled over many countries and provinces. | |
3165 | ACT | 25 | 26 | fe2n | figs-you | ὑμῶν…σοῦ | 1 | Here the first you is plural and probably refers to “King Agrippa, and all who are present with us” in 25:24. The second you is singular and is directed only to Agrippa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
3166 | ACT | 25 | 26 | jcq2 | προήγαγον αὐτὸν ἐφ’ ὑμῶν, καὶ μάλιστα ἐπὶ σοῦ, Βασιλεῦ Ἀγρίππα | 1 | I have him before you, and especially before you, King Agrippa | Alternate translation: “I have brought Paul to all of you, but especially to you, King Agrippa.” | |
3167 | ACT | 25 | 26 | rhy2 | ὅπως…σχῶ τι γράψω | 1 | so that … I might have something to write | Alternate translation: “so that … I will have something else to write” or “so that … I will know what I should write” | |
3168 | ACT | 25 | 27 | txs6 | figs-doublenegatives | ἄλογον…μοι δοκεῖ πέμποντα δέσμιον, μὴ καὶ…σημᾶναι | 1 | it seems unreasonable for me to send a prisoner and to not state | If your readers would misunderstand the double-negative unreasonable … not, you can express it in positive form. Alternate translation: “it seems reasonable to me that if I send a prisoner then I should also state” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
3169 | ACT | 25 | 27 | xm65 | τὰς κατ’ αὐτοῦ αἰτίας | 1 | the charges against him | This could mean: (1) the accusations that the Jewish leaders have brought against him or (2) the charges under Roman law that apply to Paul’s case. | |
3170 | ACT | 26 | intro | e2q6 | 0 | Acts 26 General NotesStructure and formattingThis is the third account of Paul’s conversion in the book of Acts. Because this is such an important event in the early church, there are three accounts of Paul’s conversion. (See: Acts 9 and Acts 22) Paul told the King Agrippa why he had done what he had done and that the governor should not punish him for that. Special concepts in this chapterLight and darknessThe Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
3171 | ACT | 26 | 1 | b34d | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Festus has brought Paul before King Agrippa. In verse 2, Paul gives his defense to King Agrippa. | ||
3172 | ACT | 26 | 1 | gz9f | Ἀγρίππας | 1 | Agrippa | Agrippa was the current reigning king in Palestine, though he ruled over only a few territories. See how you translated this name in Acts 25:13. | |
3173 | ACT | 26 | 1 | wme6 | ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα | 1 | having stretched out his hand | Alternate translation: “holding out his hand” or “gesturing with his hand” | |
3174 | ACT | 26 | 1 | vni8 | figs-abstractnouns | ἀπελογεῖτο | 1 | made his defense | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word defense, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “began to defend himself against those who were accusing him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
3175 | ACT | 26 | 2 | ha47 | ἥγημαι ἐμαυτὸν μακάριον | 1 | I consider myself blessed | Paul said he was blessed because he considered his appearance before Agrippa to be an opportunity to speak about the gospel. | |
3176 | ACT | 26 | 2 | xhz1 | ἀπολογεῖσθαι | 1 | to make my defense | Alternate translation: “to defend myself” or “to explain why I am innocent of these charges” | |
3177 | ACT | 26 | 2 | mdq2 | figs-activepassive | περὶ πάντων ὧν ἐνκαλοῦμαι ὑπὸ Ἰουδαίων | 1 | Concerning all the things of which I am accused by the Jews | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “About the crimes that the Jews are saying that I committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3178 | ACT | 26 | 2 | cbr3 | figs-synecdoche | Ἰουδαίων | 1 | the Jews | Here, the Jews does not mean all the Jews. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
3179 | ACT | 26 | 3 | kns2 | figs-explicit | ζητημάτων | 1 | their controversies | You can make explicit what kinds of controversies Paul is speaking about. Alternate translation: “questions about religious matters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
3180 | ACT | 26 | 4 | t8bg | figs-hyperbole | πάντες οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι | 1 | all the Jews | This is a generalization. This could mean: (1) this refers to Jews in general who knew about Paul. Alternate translation: “the Jews” or (2) this refers to Pharisees who knew Paul. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
3181 | ACT | 26 | 4 | x96h | ἐν τῷ ἔθνει μου | 1 | among my nation | This could mean: (1) among his own people, not necessarily in the geographical land of Israel or (2) in the land of Israel. | |
3182 | ACT | 26 | 5 | y9a1 | τὴν ἀκριβεστάτην αἵρεσιν τῆς ἡμετέρας θρησκείας | 1 | the strictest sect of our religion | Alternate translation: “a group within Judaism who live by very strict rules” | |
3183 | ACT | 26 | 6 | s9kr | νῦν | 1 | Now | The word Now marks a shift from Paul discussing his past to talking about himself in the present. | |
3184 | ACT | 26 | 6 | i9y5 | figs-activepassive | ἕστηκα κρινόμενος | 1 | I stand here being judged | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “I am here, where they are putting me on trial” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3185 | ACT | 26 | 6 | r42g | figs-metaphor | ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι τῆς εἰς τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν ἐπαγγελίας, γενομένης ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | because of my hope of the promise that was made to our fathers by God | This speaks about a promise as if it were something a person could look for and see. Alternate translation: “because I am waiting expectantly for God to do what he promised our forefathers he would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3186 | ACT | 26 | 7 | hnf1 | figs-metonymy | εἰς ἣν τὸ δωδεκάφυλον ἡμῶν…ἐλπίζει καταντῆσαι | 1 | to which our 12 tribes hope to attain | The phrase our 12 tribes stands for the people in those tribes. Alternate translation: “which is also what our fellow Jews in the 12 tribes are waiting for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3187 | ACT | 26 | 7 | apf2 | figs-metaphor | εἰς ἣν…ἐλπίζει καταντῆσαι | 1 | to which … hope to attain | This speaks about a promise as if it were a destination that can be reached. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3188 | ACT | 26 | 7 | kzg4 | figs-merism | νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν λατρεῦον | 1 | serving night and day | The extremes night and day mean they “worshiped God continually.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) |
3189 | ACT | 26 | 7 | c4lm | figs-synecdoche | ὑπὸ Ἰουδαίων | 1 | by the Jews | Here, the Jews does not mean all the Jews. Alternate translation: “by the leaders of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
3190 | ACT | 26 | 8 | de83 | figs-rquestion | τί ἄπιστον κρίνεται παρ’ ὑμῖν, εἰ ὁ Θεὸς νεκροὺς ἐγείρει? | 1 | Why is it judged unbelievable among you that God raises the dead? | Paul uses a question to challenge the Jews present. They believe God can raise the dead but do not think God brought Jesus back to life. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “None of you think it is unbelievable that God raises the dead.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
3191 | ACT | 26 | 8 | ukk6 | νεκροὺς ἐγείρει | 1 | raises the dead | Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “makes dead people come alive again” | |
3192 | ACT | 26 | 9 | hm33 | μὲν οὖν | 1 | Then | Paul uses the word Then to mark another shift in his defense. He is now beginning to describe how he formerly persecuted Jesus’ people. | |
3193 | ACT | 26 | 9 | r4df | figs-metonymy | πρὸς τὸ ὄνομα Ἰησοῦ…ἐναντία | 1 | opposed to the name of Jesus | The word name here stands for the teaching about the person. Alternate translation: “to stop people from teaching about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3194 | ACT | 26 | 10 | nys7 | figs-activepassive | ἀναιρουμένων…αὐτῶν, κατήνεγκα ψῆφον | 1 | when they were being put to death, I cast my vote against them | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state the phrase were being put to death in active form. Alternate translation: “I voted in agreement with the other Jewish leaders to condemn the believers to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3195 | ACT | 26 | 11 | rri6 | πολλάκις τιμωρῶν αὐτοὺς | 1 | often punishing them | This could mean: (1) Paul punished some believers many times or (2) Paul punished many different believers. | |
3196 | ACT | 26 | 12 | us8d | ἐν οἷς | 1 | While doing this | Paul uses this phrase to mark another shift in his defense. He is now telling about when he saw Jesus and became his disciple. | |
3197 | ACT | 26 | 12 | h3ic | ἐν οἷς | 1 | While | The word While is used to mark two events that are happening at the same time. In this case, Paul went to Damascus during the time when he persecuted Christians. | |
3198 | ACT | 26 | 12 | ajp6 | μετ’ ἐξουσίας καὶ ἐπιτροπῆς | 1 | with authority and a commission | Paul had written letters from the Jewish leaders, granting him authority to persecute the Jewish believers. | |
3199 | ACT | 26 | 14 | sip5 | figs-metonymy | ἤκουσα φωνὴν, λέγουσαν πρός με | 1 | I heard a voice speaking to me | Here, voice stands for the person speaking. Alternate translation: “I heard someone speaking to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3200 | ACT | 26 | 14 | du3t | Σαοὺλ, Σαούλ, τί με διώκεις? | 1 | Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me? | This is a rhetorical question. The speaker is alerting Saul to what Saul is doing to him, and implying that Saul should not do that. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Saul, Saul, you are persecuting me.” or “Saul, Saul, stop persecuting me.” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion) | |
3201 | ACT | 26 | 14 | zsi2 | figs-metaphor | σκληρόν σοι πρὸς κέντρα λακτίζειν | 1 | It is hard for you to kick against a goad | For Paul to resist Jesus and to persecute believers is spoken of as if he were an ox kicking at the sharp stick that a person uses to prod (or goad) the animal. It means that Paul is only harming himself. Alternate translation: “You will only harm yourself like an ox kicking a goad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3202 | ACT | 26 | 18 | fk1k | figs-metaphor | ἀνοῖξαι ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν | 1 | to open their eyes | Helping people to understand the truth is spoken of as if a person were literally helping someone to open their eyes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3203 | ACT | 26 | 18 | gw8f | figs-metaphor | ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπὸ σκότους εἰς φῶς | 1 | to turn from darkness to light | Helping someone to stop doing what is evil and to start trusting and obeying God is spoken of as if the person is literally leading someone out of a dark place into a place of light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3204 | ACT | 26 | 18 | q3h8 | figs-metaphor | ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπὸ…τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ Σατανᾶ ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν | 1 | to turn from … from the power of Satan to God | Helping someone to stop obeying Satan and to start obeying God is spoken of as if a person were literally turning a person and taking them from the place where Satan rules and leading him to the place where God rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3205 | ACT | 26 | 18 | m65i | figs-abstractnouns | τοῦ λαβεῖν αὐτοὺς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν καὶ | 1 | for them to receive forgiveness of sins and | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word forgiveness, you could express the same idea with the verb “forgive.” Alternate translation: “so that God may forgive their sins and give them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
3206 | ACT | 26 | 18 | m9ve | figs-metaphor | κλῆρον | 1 | an inheritance | The blessings that Jesus gives to those who believe in him are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that children receive from their father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3207 | ACT | 26 | 18 | c5ij | figs-metaphor | τοῖς ἡγιασμένοις πίστει τῇ εἰς ἐμέ | 1 | those who have been sanctified by faith that is in me | Jesus choosing some people to belong to him is spoken of as if he set them apart from other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3208 | ACT | 26 | 18 | bgc5 | πίστει τῇ εἰς ἐμέ | 1 | by faith that is in me | Here Paul finishes quoting the Lord. Alternate translation: “because they believe in me” | |
3209 | ACT | 26 | 19 | ljx2 | ὅθεν | 1 | Therefore | Paul had just explained what the Lord had commanded him in his vision. Alternate translation: “Because what I have just said is true” | |
3210 | ACT | 26 | 19 | zv2u | figs-doublenegatives | οὐκ ἐγενόμην ἀπειθὴς τῇ οὐρανίῳ ὀπτασίᾳ | 1 | I did not disobedient to the heavenly vision | If your readers would misunderstand the double-negative not disobedient, you can express it in positive form. Alternate translation: “I obeyed the heavenly vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
3211 | ACT | 26 | 19 | sn4h | figs-metonymy | τῇ οὐρανίῳ ὀπτασίᾳ | 1 | to the heavenly vision | This refers to what the person in the vision told Paul. Alternate translation: “to what the person from heaven told me in the vision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3212 | ACT | 26 | 20 | fei4 | figs-metaphor | ἐπιστρέφειν ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν | 1 | to turn to God | To start trusting God is spoken of as if a person turns to start walking toward God. Alternate translation: “to trust in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3213 | ACT | 26 | 20 | h1v2 | figs-abstractnouns | ἄξια τῆς μετανοίας ἔργα πράσσοντας | 1 | doing deeds worthy of repentance | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word repentance, you could express the same idea with the verb “repented.” Alternate translation: “and start doing good deeds to show they truly have repented” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
3214 | ACT | 26 | 21 | tl6t | figs-synecdoche | Ἰουδαῖοι | 1 | the Jews | Here, the Jews does not mean all of the Jews. Alternate translation: “some Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
3215 | ACT | 26 | 22 | t8f4 | μικρῷ τε καὶ μεγάλῳ | 1 | to both small and great | Here, small and great are used together to mean “all people.” Alternate translation: “to all people, whether common or great” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism) | |
3216 | ACT | 26 | 22 | f6py | οὐδὲν ἐκτὸς…ὧν | 1 | nothing other than what | You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “the same thing that” | |
3217 | ACT | 26 | 22 | i9ki | ὧν τε οἱ προφῆται | 1 | what both the prophets | Paul is referring to the collective writings of the Old Testament prophets. | |
3218 | ACT | 26 | 23 | pe9h | figs-explicit | εἰ παθητὸς ὁ Χριστός | 1 | that the Christ is to suffer | You can make explicit that Christ must also die. Alternate translation: “that the Christ must suffer and die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
3219 | ACT | 26 | 23 | p9t8 | ἐξ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν | 1 | from the resurrection | Alternate translation: “to be brought back to life” | |
3220 | ACT | 26 | 23 | sc5f | νεκρῶν | 1 | of the dead | The phrase the dead refers to the spirits of people who have died. To rise from among them speaks of becoming alive again. | |
3221 | ACT | 26 | 23 | z2ms | figs-metaphor | φῶς μέλλει καταγγέλλειν | 1 | is going to proclaim light | To tell people about how God saves people is spoken of as if a person were speaking about the light. Alternate translation: “he would proclaim the message about how God saves people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3222 | ACT | 26 | 24 | dvn2 | μαίνῃ | 1 | you are insane | Alternate translation: “you are speaking nonsense” or “you are crazy” | |
3223 | ACT | 26 | 24 | tk27 | τὰ πολλά σε γράμματα εἰς μανίαν περιτρέπει | 1 | your great learning is turning you to insanity | Alternate translation: “you have learned so much that it is now making you crazy” | |
3224 | ACT | 26 | 25 | dur9 | figs-doublenegatives | οὐ μαίνομαι…ἀλλὰ | 1 | I am not insane … but | If your readers would misunderstand the double-negative not insane, you can express it in positive form. Alternate translation: “I am sane … and” or “I am able to think well … and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
3225 | ACT | 26 | 25 | a6pb | κράτιστε Φῆστε | 1 | most excellent Festus | Alternate translation: “Festus, who deserves highest honors” | |
3226 | ACT | 26 | 26 | ed7y | figs-123person | ὁ βασιλεύς, πρὸς ὃν…αὐτὸν | 1 | the king … to him … from him | Paul is still speaking to King Agrippa, but he is referring to him in the third person. Alternate translation: “you … to you … from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) |
3227 | ACT | 26 | 26 | cs7b | παρρησιαζόμενος λαλῶ | 1 | I am speaking boldly | Paul was not afraid to speak to the king about Christ. Alternate translation: “I speak with confidence” | |
3228 | ACT | 26 | 26 | svn9 | figs-activepassive | πείθομαι | 1 | I am persuaded that | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “I am sure that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3229 | ACT | 26 | 26 | xqr1 | figs-litotes | λανθάνειν…αὐτὸν τι τούτων οὐ…οὐθέν; οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἐν γωνίᾳ πεπραγμένον τοῦτο | 1 | Paul uses two negative phrases to emphasize that the events of Jesus’ life were well-known. Alternate translation: “he is well-aware of these things, because they were done openly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
3230 | ACT | 26 | 26 | tta8 | figs-activepassive | λανθάνειν…αὐτὸν τι τούτων οὐ | 1 | that none of this are hidden from him | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “he is aware of this” or “you are aware of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3231 | ACT | 26 | 26 | v1uu | figs-activepassive | οὐ…ἐστιν ἐν γωνίᾳ πεπραγμένον τοῦτο | 2 | this was not done in a corner | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “this has not happened in a corner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3232 | ACT | 26 | 26 | i5wg | figs-metaphor | ἐν γωνίᾳ | 1 | in a corner | This means doing something in secret as if a person went and did something in a corner of a room where no one could see him. Alternate translation: “in a dark place” or “in secret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3233 | ACT | 26 | 27 | a4a2 | figs-rquestion | πιστεύεις, Βασιλεῦ Ἀγρίππα, τοῖς προφήταις? | 1 | Do you believe the prophets, King Agrippa? | Paul asks this question to remind Agrippa that Agrippa already believes what the prophets said about Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You already believe what the Jewish prophets said, King Agrippa.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
3234 | ACT | 26 | 28 | y8qq | figs-rquestion | ἐν ὀλίγῳ με πείθεις Χριστιανὸν ποιῆσαι | 1 | In a short time, are you persuading me to become a Christian? | Agrippa asks this question to show Paul that he cannot convince Agrippa so easily without more proof. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you do not think you can convince me so easily to believe in Jesus!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
3235 | ACT | 26 | 29 | k7kq | figs-metonymy | παρεκτὸς τῶν δεσμῶν τούτων | 1 | but without these chains | Here, these chains stands for being a prisoner. Alternate translation: “but, of course, I do no want you to be a prisoner like I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3236 | ACT | 26 | 30 | k7jh | ἥ…Βερνίκη | 1 | Bernice was the sister of King Agrippa (Acts 25:13). | ||
3237 | ACT | 26 | 30 | u8vl | ἀνέστη τε ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ ὁ ἡγεμὼν | 1 | And then the king got up, and the governor | Alternate translation: “And then King Agrippa stood up, and Governor Festus” | |
3238 | ACT | 26 | 31 | blz8 | figs-abstractnouns | οὐδὲν θανάτου ἢ δεσμῶν ἄξιον τι πράσσει ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος | 1 | This man is not doing anything worthy of death or of chains | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word death, you can express the same idea with the verb “die.” Alternate translation: “This man does not deserve to die or chains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
3239 | ACT | 26 | 31 | dwyb | figs-metonymy | οὐδὲν θανάτου ἢ δεσμῶν ἄξιον τι πράσσει ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος | 1 | Here, chains stands for being in prison. Alternate translation: “This man does not deserve to die or to be in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3240 | ACT | 26 | 32 | n293 | figs-activepassive | ἀπολελύσθαι ἐδύνατο ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος | 1 | This man was able to have been released | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “This man could have gone free” or “I could have freed this man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3241 | ACT | 27 | intro | r82x | 0 | Acts 27 General NotesSpecial concepts in this chapterSailingPeople who lived near the sea traveled by boat powered by the wind. During some months of the year, the wind would blow in the wrong direction or so hard that sailing was impossible. TrustPaul trusted God to bring him safely to land. He told the sailers and soldiers to trust that God would also keep them alive. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) Paul breaks breadLuke uses almost the same words here to describe Paul taking bread, thanking God, breaking it, and eating it that he used to describe the last supper Jesus ate with his disciples. However, your translation should not make your reader think that Paul was leading a religious celebration here. | |||
3242 | ACT | 27 | 1 | dyf5 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul, as a prisoner, begins his journey to Rome. | ||
3243 | ACT | 27 | 1 | b2yz | figs-activepassive | ὡς…ἐκρίθη | 1 | when it was decided | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “when the king and the governor decided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3244 | ACT | 27 | 1 | yv84 | εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν | 1 | to Italy | Italy was the name of the province Rome was in. See how you translated Italy in Acts 18:2. | |
3245 | ACT | 27 | 1 | s6ny | παρεδίδουν τόν τε Παῦλον καί τινας ἑτέρους δεσμώτας, ἑκατοντάρχῃ ὀνόματι Ἰουλίῳ, σπείρης Σεβαστῆς | 1 | they handed over both Paul and some other prisoners to a centurion named Julius of the Augustan regiment | Alternate translation: “they put a centurion named Julius, of the Augustan regiment, in charge of Paul and some other prisoners” | |
3246 | ACT | 27 | 1 | k52u | παρεδίδουν τόν τε Παῦλον καί τινας ἑτέρους δεσμώτας | 1 | they handed over both Paul and some other prisoners | This could mean: (1) they refers to the governor and the king or (2) they refers to other Roman officials. | |
3247 | ACT | 27 | 1 | un2s | translate-names | ἑκατοντάρχῃ ὀνόματι Ἰουλίῳ | 1 | to a centurion named Julius | Julius is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3248 | ACT | 27 | 1 | d22f | translate-names | σπείρης Σεβαστῆς | 1 | of the Augustan regiment | The Augustan regiment was the name of the battalion or army from which the centurion came. Some versions translate this as “the Imperial regiment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3249 | ACT | 27 | 2 | efe4 | translate-names | Ἀδραμυντηνῷ | 1 | Adramyttium was a city possibly located on the west coast of modern-day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3250 | ACT | 27 | 2 | dnr9 | figs-metonymy | ἐπιβάντες…πλοίῳ…μέλλοντι πλεῖν | 1 | having boarded a ship … being about to sail | Here, a ship … being about to sail stands for the crew that will sail the ship. Alternate translation: “having boarded a ship … with a crew that was about to sail” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3251 | ACT | 27 | 2 | tol6 | figs-exclusive | ἀνήχθημεν…ἡμῖν | 1 | The words we and us include the author of Acts, Paul, and the others traveling with Paul, but not the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
3252 | ACT | 27 | 2 | fqy2 | πλοίῳ Ἀδραμυντηνῷ | 1 | a ship from Adramyttium | This could mean: (1) a ship that had come from Adramyttium or (2) a ship that was registered or licensed in Adramyttium. | |
3253 | ACT | 27 | 2 | f8pf | μέλλοντι πλεῖν | 1 | being about to sail | Alternate translation: “going to sail soon” or “departing soon” | |
3254 | ACT | 27 | 2 | m3ps | ἀνήχθημεν | 1 | we set sail | Alternate translation: “we began our journey on the sea” | |
3255 | ACT | 27 | 2 | h3uy | Ἀριστάρχου | 1 | Aristarchus | Aristarchus came from Macedonia but had been working with Paul in Ephesus. See how you translated his name in Acts 19:29. | |
3256 | ACT | 27 | 3 | r71e | figs-exclusive | κατήχθημεν | 1 | Here the word we refers to the writer, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
3257 | ACT | 27 | 3 | u6lt | φιλανθρώπως…ὁ Ἰούλιος τῷ Παύλῳ χρησάμενος | 1 | Julius having treated Paul kindly | See how you translated Julius in Acts 27:1. Alternate translation: “Julius having treated Paul with a friendly concern” | |
3258 | ACT | 27 | 3 | rp73 | figs-abstractnouns | πρὸς τοὺς φίλους πορευθέντι, ἐπιμελείας τυχεῖν | 1 | to go to his friends to receive their care | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word care, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to go to his friends so they could care for him” or “to go to his friends so they could help him with whatever he needed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
3259 | ACT | 27 | 4 | d4hg | ἀναχθέντες, ὑπεπλεύσαμεν | 1 | having put to sea, we sailed under | Alternate translation: “we started sailing and went under” | |
3260 | ACT | 27 | 4 | mjt8 | ὑπεπλεύσαμεν τὴν Κύπρον | 1 | we sailed under Cyprus | Here, under Cyprus means they sailed along the side of that island that blocks the strong wind, so the ship was not forced off its course. | |
3261 | ACT | 27 | 5 | g1t7 | Παμφυλίαν | 1 | Pamphylia | Pamphylia was a province in Asia Minor. See how you translated this in Acts 2:10. | |
3262 | ACT | 27 | 5 | y6m6 | figs-explicit | κατήλθαμεν εἰς Μύρρα τῆς Λυκίας | 1 | we came to Myra of Lycia | You can make explicit that they got off the ship in Myra. Alternate translation: “we came to Myra, a city of Lycia, where we got off the ship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
3263 | ACT | 27 | 5 | ni2x | translate-names | εἰς Μύρρα | 1 | to Myra | Myra is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3264 | ACT | 27 | 5 | uaf4 | translate-names | τῆς Λυκίας | 1 | of Lycia | Lycia was a Roman province, located on the southwestern coast of modern-day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3265 | ACT | 27 | 6 | j4cf | figs-explicit | εὑρὼν…πλοῖον Ἀλεξανδρῖνον, πλέον εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν | 1 | having found a ship from Alexandria sailing to Italy | It is implied that a crew would sail the ship to Italy. Alternate translation: “having found a ship that a crew had sailed from Alexandria and was about to sail to Italy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
3266 | ACT | 27 | 6 | fdq2 | translate-names | Ἀλεξανδρῖνον | 1 | from Alexandria | Alexandria is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3267 | ACT | 27 | 7 | zzw1 | figs-explicit | δὲ…βραδυπλοοῦντες καὶ μόλις, γενόμενοι | 1 | And sailing slowly … and having arrived with difficulty | You can make explicit that the reason they were sailing slowly and with difficulty was because the wind was blowing against them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
3268 | ACT | 27 | 7 | pye5 | translate-names | κατὰ τὴν Κνίδον | 1 | near Cnidus | Cnidus was an ancient settlement located in what today is modern-day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3269 | ACT | 27 | 7 | hhf1 | μὴ προσεῶντος ἡμᾶς τοῦ ἀνέμου | 1 | the wind no longer allowing us to go that way | Alternate translation: “with a strong wind blowing against us so we could no longer go that way” | |
3270 | ACT | 27 | 7 | b746 | ὑπεπλεύσαμεν τὴν Κρήτην | 1 | we sailed along Crete | Alternate translation: “we sailed along the side of Crete where there was less wind” | |
3271 | ACT | 27 | 7 | mq4n | translate-names | κατὰ Σαλμώνην | 1 | opposite Salmone | Salmone is a coastal city in Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3272 | ACT | 27 | 8 | p4ri | figs-explicit | μόλις…παραλεγόμενοι αὐτὴν | 1 | sailing along it with difficulty | You can make explicit that even though the winds were not as strong as before, they were still strong enough to make sailing difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
3273 | ACT | 27 | 8 | a64y | translate-names | Καλοὺς Λιμένας | 1 | Fair Havens | Fair Havens was a port near Lasea, located on the south coast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3274 | ACT | 27 | 8 | n7re | translate-names | πόλις ἦν Λασαία | 1 | the city of Lasea | Lasea was a coastal city in Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3275 | ACT | 27 | 9 | ea4l | ἱκανοῦ…χρόνου διαγενομένου | 1 | much time having passed | Because of the direction the wind was blowing, the journey from Caesarea to Fair Havens had taken more time than planned. | |
3276 | ACT | 27 | 9 | u6x5 | ὄντος ἤδη ἐπισφαλοῦς τοῦ πλοὸς, διὰ τὸ καὶ τὴν νηστείαν ἤδη παρεληλυθέναι | 1 | the voyage already being dangerous because even the fast had already passed | This fast took place on the Day of Atonement, which was usually either in the last part of September or the first part of October according to Western calendars. After this time, there was a higher risk of seasonal storms. | |
3277 | ACT | 27 | 10 | p29v | θεωρῶ ὅτι μετὰ ὕβρεως καὶ πολλῆς ζημίας…μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι τὸν πλοῦν | 1 | I see that the voyage is about to be with injury and much loss | Alternate translation: “if we travel now, we will suffer much injury and loss” | |
3278 | ACT | 27 | 10 | nx9c | ζημίας, οὐ μόνον τοῦ φορτίου καὶ τοῦ πλοίου, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ψυχῶν ἡμῶν | 1 | loss, not only of the cargo and the ship, but also of our lives | Here, loss means destruction when referring to things and death when referring to people. | |
3279 | ACT | 27 | 10 | q9xt | οὐ μόνον τοῦ φορτίου καὶ τοῦ πλοίου | 1 | not only of the cargo and the ship | The word cargo refers to something that a person transports from one place to another by boat. Alternate translation: “not only the ship and the goods on the ship” | |
3280 | ACT | 27 | 11 | b1kz | figs-activepassive | ὑπὸ Παύλου λεγομένοις | 1 | spoken by Paul | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that Paul said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3281 | ACT | 27 | 12 | l2n4 | figs-activepassive | ἀνευθέτου…τοῦ λιμένος ὑπάρχοντος πρὸς παραχειμασίαν | 1 | the harbor being unsuitable for wintering | You can make explicit why it was not easy to stay in the harbor. Alternate translation: “because the harbor did not sufficiently protect docked ships during winter storms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3282 | ACT | 27 | 12 | jmi3 | λιμένος | 1 | harbor | A harbor is a place on the coast that is protected from wind and waves so that ships can safely stay there. | |
3283 | ACT | 27 | 12 | k2ti | translate-names | Φοίνικα | 1 | Phoenix | Phoenix is a city port on the south coast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3284 | ACT | 27 | 12 | z1lf | figs-metaphor | παραχειμάσαι | 1 | to spend the winter there | This speaks about the season of winter as if it were a commodity that someone can spend. Alternate translation: “to stay there for the cold season” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3285 | ACT | 27 | 12 | x6vl | βλέποντα κατὰ λίβα καὶ κατὰ χῶρον | 1 | looking toward the southwest and toward the northwest | This means the opening of the harbor was toward those directions. Alternate translation: “it opened to the northwest and southwest” | |
3286 | ACT | 27 | 12 | gyd2 | κατὰ λίβα καὶ κατὰ χῶρον | 1 | toward the southwest and toward the northwest | These directions are based on the rising and setting sun. The southwest is a little to the left of the setting sun, and northwest is a little to the right of the setting sun. | |
3287 | ACT | 27 | 13 | xx67 | ἄραντες | 1 | after they had weighed anchor | Here, weighed anchor means to pull the anchor out of the water. An anchor is a heavy object attached to a rope that is secured to the boat. The anchor is tossed into the water and sinks to the bottom of the sea keeping the ship from drifting about. | |
3288 | ACT | 27 | 14 | m2xe | μετ’ οὐ πολὺ | 1 | not long after | Alternate translation: “after a little while” | |
3289 | ACT | 27 | 14 | fs4z | ἄνεμος τυφωνικὸς | 1 | a violent wind | Alternate translation: “a very strong, dangerous wind” | |
3290 | ACT | 27 | 14 | g1ek | translate-transliterate | ὁ καλούμενος Εὐρακύλων | 1 | called the northeaster | The word for northeaster in the original language is Euroclydon. You can transliterate this word for your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) |
3291 | ACT | 27 | 14 | tz2k | ἔβαλεν κατ’ αὐτῆς | 1 | rushed down from it | Alternate translation: “came in from the island of Crete, and it blew strongly against our ship” | |
3292 | ACT | 27 | 15 | fxp1 | συναρπασθέντος δὲ τοῦ πλοίου, καὶ μὴ δυναμένου ἀντοφθαλμεῖν τῷ ἀνέμῳ | 1 | And having been seized and the ship not being able to face into the wind | Alternate translation: “And when the wind blew so strongly against the front of the ship that we could not sail against it” | |
3293 | ACT | 27 | 15 | w1hl | figs-activepassive | ἐπιδόντες ἐφερόμεθα | 1 | having given way, we were driven along | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “we stopped trying to sail forward, and we let the wind push us whichever way it blew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3294 | ACT | 27 | 16 | c4cg | νησίον…τι ὑποδραμόντες | 1 | sailing under the lee of a certain island | Alternate translation: “sailing where the wind was not so strong, on the side of the island” | |
3295 | ACT | 27 | 16 | aq56 | translate-names | νησίον…τι…καλούμενον Καῦδα | 1 | of a certain island called Cauda | This island of Cauda was located on the south coast of Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3296 | ACT | 27 | 16 | h9z2 | τῆς σκάφης | 1 | of the lifeboat | A lifeboat is a smaller boat that is sometimes pulled behind the ship, and sometimes it was brought onto the ship and tied down. The smaller boat was used for various reasons, including escaping from a sinking ship. | |
3297 | ACT | 27 | 17 | v9ag | ἣν ἄραντες | 1 | Having hoisted it up | Alternate translation: “When they had lifted up the lifeboat” or “After they had pulled the lifeboat aboard the ship” | |
3298 | ACT | 27 | 17 | tx1f | βοηθείαις ἐχρῶντο, ὑποζωννύντες τὸ πλοῖον | 1 | they used ropes, binding the ship | They tied ropes around the bottom of the ship so that the ship would not come apart during the storm. | |
3299 | ACT | 27 | 17 | dvv4 | translate-names | τὴν Σύρτιν | 1 | Syrtis | Syrtis is located on the coast of Libya, northern Africa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3300 | ACT | 27 | 17 | l8kl | χαλάσαντες τὸ σκεῦος | 1 | having lowered the sea anchor | A sea anchor was a sail or other object that would drag along in the water behind the ship in order to slow down the ship from going where the wind was blowing them. | |
3301 | ACT | 27 | 17 | g7rw | figs-activepassive | ἐφέροντο | 1 | they were driven along | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “they had to go in whatever direction the wind blew them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3302 | ACT | 27 | 18 | fx4m | figs-activepassive | σφοδρῶς…χειμαζομένων ἡμῶν | 1 | with us being exceedingly battered by the storm | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “since the wind blew us roughly back and forth so that all of us were badly battered and bruised by the storm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3303 | ACT | 27 | 18 | nd5h | ἐκβολὴν ἐποιοῦντο | 1 | they began the jettisoning of the cargo | Here, they is the sailors. This is done to lighten the weight of the ship in an effort to prevent the ship from sinking. | |
3304 | ACT | 27 | 18 | ny6k | ἐκβολὴν | 1 | the jettisoning of the cargo | The word cargo refers to something that a person transports from one place to another by boat. See how you translated this in Acts 27:10. Alternate translation: “goods on the ship” | |
3305 | ACT | 27 | 19 | vm2k | αὐτόχειρες τὴν σκευὴν τοῦ πλοίου ἔριψαν | 1 | they threw overboard the equipment of the ship with their own hands | Here, equipment refers to the sailors’ equipment needed to sail the ship: tackle, hoists, beams of wood, block and tackle, ropes, lines, sails, and the like. This indicates how desperate the situation was. | |
3306 | ACT | 27 | 20 | if7a | μήτε δὲ ἡλίου μήτε ἄστρων ἐπιφαινόντων ἐπὶ πλείονας ἡμέρας | 1 | But neither sun nor stars appearing for many days | They could not see the sun and stars because of the dark storm clouds. Sailors needed to see the sun and stars in order to know where they were and what direction they were headed. | |
3307 | ACT | 27 | 20 | p2wd | χειμῶνός…οὐκ ὀλίγου ἐπικειμένου | 1 | no small storm assaulting us | Alternate translation: “as the terrible storm blew us roughly back and forth” | |
3308 | ACT | 27 | 20 | mnj5 | figs-activepassive | λοιπὸν περιῃρεῖτο ἐλπὶς πᾶσα, τοῦ σῴζεσθαι ἡμᾶς | 1 | all remaining hope for us to be saved was taken away | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone stopped believing we would survive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3309 | ACT | 27 | 21 | d1le | figs-explicit | πολλῆς τε ἀσιτίας ὑπαρχούσης | 1 | And after being a long time without food | It is implied that neither the sailors, nor Luke, Paul, and those with them had eaten anything. Alternate translation: “And when we had gone a long time without food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
3310 | ACT | 27 | 21 | zns2 | ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν | 1 | in the midst of them | Alternate translation: “in the middle of the people on the ship” | |
3311 | ACT | 27 | 21 | bc1x | κερδῆσαί τε τὴν ὕβριν ταύτην, καὶ τὴν ζημίαν | 1 | and to suffer this injury and loss | Alternate translation: “and as a result to suffer this harm and loss” | |
3312 | ACT | 27 | 22 | d95r | figs-explicit | ἀποβολὴ…ψυχῆς οὐδεμία ἔσται ἐξ ὑμῶν | 1 | there will be no loss of life among you | Paul is speaking to the sailors. It is implied that Paul also means that he and those with him will not die either. Alternate translation: “none of us will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
3313 | ACT | 27 | 22 | djh4 | πλὴν τοῦ πλοίου | 1 | but only of the ship | Here “loss” is implied. Alternate translation: “but the only thing that will be lost is the ship” | |
3314 | ACT | 27 | 24 | z1j8 | figs-metonymy | Καίσαρί σε δεῖ παραστῆναι | 1 | You must stand before Caesar | The phrase stand before Caesar refers to Paul’s going to court and letting Caesar judge him. Alternate translation: “You must stand before Caesar so he can judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3315 | ACT | 27 | 24 | s3wv | κεχάρισταί σοι…πάντας τοὺς πλέοντας μετὰ σοῦ | 1 | has graciously granted to you all those who are sailing with you | Alternate translation: “has graciously decided to allow all those who are sailing with you to live” | |
3316 | ACT | 27 | 25 | r9t8 | figs-activepassive | καθ’ ὃν τρόπον λελάληταί μοι | 1 | according to the way it was told to me | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “just as the angel told me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3317 | ACT | 27 | 26 | vmp6 | εἰς νῆσον…τινα, δεῖ ἡμᾶς ἐκπεσεῖν | 1 | we must run aground upon some island | Alternate translation: “the ship is going to be wrecked on some island” | |
3318 | ACT | 27 | 27 | rrm5 | translate-ordinal | ὡς δὲ τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτη νὺξ ἐγένετο | 1 | And when the fourteenth night came | The ordinal number fourteenth can be translated as “fourteen” or “14.” Alternate translation: “After 14 days since the storm started, that night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) |
3319 | ACT | 27 | 27 | la7u | figs-activepassive | διαφερομένων ἡμῶν | 1 | as we were being driven this way and that | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as the wind blew us back and forth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3320 | ACT | 27 | 27 | afs6 | translate-names | τῷ Ἀδρίᾳ | 1 | the Adriatic Sea | The Adriatic Sea is the sea between Italy and Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3321 | ACT | 27 | 28 | ruj1 | βολίσαντες | 1 | taking soundings | They measured the depth of water by dropping a line with a weight tied to the end of it into the water. Alternate translation: “measuring the depth of the sea water” | |
3322 | ACT | 27 | 28 | tq53 | translate-numbers | εὗρον ὀργυιὰς εἴκοσι…εὗρον ὀργυιὰς δεκαπέντε | 1 | they found 20 fathoms | A “fathom” is a unit of measurement for measuring the depth of water. One fathom is about two meters. Alternate translation: “they found the water was 40 meters deep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
3323 | ACT | 27 | 29 | b1qc | ἀγκύρας | 1 | anchors | An anchor is a heavy object attached to a rope that is secured to the boat. The anchor is tossed into the water and sinks to the bottom of the sea, keeping the ship from drifting about. See how you translated this in Acts 27:13. | |
3324 | ACT | 27 | 29 | q4am | ἐκ πρύμνης | 1 | from the stern | Alternate translation: “from the back of the ship” | |
3325 | ACT | 27 | 30 | b4wv | τὴν σκάφην | 1 | the lifeboat | A lifeboat is a smaller boat that is sometimes pulled behind the ship and sometime it was brought onto the ship and tied down. The smaller boat was used for various reasons, including escaping from a sinking ship. See how you translated this in Acts 27:16. | |
3326 | ACT | 27 | 30 | rr89 | ἐκ πρῴρης | 1 | from the bow | Alternate translation: “from the front of the ship” | |
3327 | ACT | 27 | 31 | ez5c | figs-doublenegatives | ἐὰν μὴ οὗτοι μείνωσιν ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ, ὑμεῖς σωθῆναι οὐ δύνασθε | 1 | Unless these men stay in the ship, you are not able to be saved | If your readers would misunderstand the double-negative unless … not able, you can express it in positive form. Alternate translation: “These men must stay in the ship in order for you to survive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
3328 | ACT | 27 | 31 | br71 | figs-you | ὑμεῖς | 1 | Here the word you is plural and refers to the centurion and the Roman soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
3329 | ACT | 27 | 31 | sz8y | figs-activepassive | ὑμεῖς σωθῆναι οὐ δύνασθε | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form be saved in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will not survive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3330 | ACT | 27 | 33 | q3y8 | ἄχρι δὲ οὗ ἡμέρα ἤμελλεν γίνεσθαι | 1 | And up until it was about to become daytime | Alternate translation: “And until almost sunrise” | |
3331 | ACT | 27 | 33 | j5yg | translate-ordinal | τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτην σήμερον ἡμέραν | 1 | Today is the fourteenth day | The ordinal number fourteenth can be stated as “fourteen.” Alternate translation: “For 14 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) |
3332 | ACT | 27 | 34 | j3qx | figs-idiom | οὐδενὸς…ὑμῶν θρὶξ ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἀπολεῖται | 1 | a hair from the head of none of you will perish | This was a customary way of saying no harm would come upon them. Alternate translation: “none of you will be injured in any way in this disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
3333 | ACT | 27 | 35 | yh7y | κλάσας | 1 | having broken bread | Alternate translation: “after he had torn the bread into pieces” or “tearing off a piece from the loaf of bread” | |
3334 | ACT | 27 | 36 | zt9q | figs-activepassive | εὔθυμοι δὲ γενόμενοι πάντες, καὶ | 1 | And they were all encouraged and | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “And this encouraged all of them and they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3335 | ACT | 27 | 37 | ynq3 | writing-background | ἤμεθα δὲ αἱ πᾶσαι ψυχαὶ ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ, διακόσιαι ἑβδομήκοντα ἕξ | 1 | And in all, we were 276 souls in the ship | This is background information about the number of people on the ship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
3336 | ACT | 27 | 39 | vdk2 | κόλπον | 1 | a bay | A bay is a large area of water partly surrounded by land, but open to a larger body of water. | |
3337 | ACT | 27 | 39 | r1bx | τὴν γῆν οὐκ ἐπεγίνωσκον | 1 | they did not recognize the land | Alternate translation: “they saw land but could not recognize it as any place they knew” | |
3338 | ACT | 27 | 40 | k66v | τὰς ἀγκύρας περιελόντες, εἴων | 1 | having cut loose the anchors, they left them | Alternate translation: “they cut the ropes and left the anchors behind” | |
3339 | ACT | 27 | 40 | ntr9 | τῶν πηδαλίων | 1 | of the rudders | These rudders were large oars or pieces of wood at the back of the ship used for steering the ship. | |
3340 | ACT | 27 | 40 | cn2w | τὸν ἀρτέμωνα | 1 | the foresail | A “sail” was a large piece of cloth that catches the wind to move the ship. A foresail is the said at the front of a ship that had more than one sail. Alternate translation: “the sail at the front of the ship” | |
3341 | ACT | 27 | 40 | pa1k | κατεῖχον εἰς τὸν αἰγιαλόν | 1 | they headed to the beach | Alternate translation: “they steered the ship toward the beach” | |
3342 | ACT | 27 | 41 | y22n | περιπεσόντες…εἰς τόπον διθάλασσον | 1 | having come to a place between two seas | Sometimes where two seas meet, the current of one can flow across the current of the other. This may cause the sand under the water to pile up making the water more shallow, and dangerous for ships. | |
3343 | ACT | 27 | 41 | cpu5 | πρῷρα | 1 | bow of the ship | Alternate translation: “front of the ship” | |
3344 | ACT | 27 | 41 | v35z | ἡ…πρύμνα | 2 | the stern | Alternate translation: “the back of the ship” | |
3345 | ACT | 27 | 42 | qul7 | τῶν…στρατιωτῶν, βουλὴ ἐγένετο | 1 | the plan of the soldiers was | Alternate translation: “the soldiers were planning” | |
3346 | ACT | 27 | 43 | s2sz | ἐκώλυσεν αὐτοὺς τοῦ βουλήματος | 1 | stopped their plan | Alternate translation: “kept them from doing what they planned to do” | |
3347 | ACT | 27 | 43 | br8u | ἀπορίψαντας | 1 | having jumped overboard | Alternate translation: “having jumped off the ship into the water” | |
3348 | ACT | 27 | 44 | hw7p | οὓς…ἐπὶ σανίσιν | 1 | some on planks | Alternate translation: “some on wooden boards” | |
3349 | ACT | 28 | intro | w8yn | 0 | Acts 28 General NotesStructure and formattingNo one knows for sure why Luke ends his history without telling what happened to Paul after he had been in Rome for two years. Special concepts in this chapter“Letters” and “brothers”The Jewish leaders were surprised that Paul wanted to speak with them, because they had received no letters from the high priest in Jerusalem telling them that Paul was coming. When the Jewish leaders spoke of “brothers,” they were referring to fellow Jews, not to Christians. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter“He was a god”The native people believed that Paul was a god, but they did not believe that he was the one true God. We do not know why Paul did not tell the native people that he was not a god. | |||
3350 | ACT | 28 | 1 | p1bd | figs-exclusive | τότε ἐπέγνωμεν | 1 | Here the word we refers to Paul, the writer, and those who traveled with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
3351 | ACT | 28 | 1 | twx8 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | After the shipwreck, people on the island of Malta helped Paul and everyone on the ship. They stay there for 3 months. | ||
3352 | ACT | 28 | 1 | j1yf | figs-activepassive | καὶ διασωθέντες | 1 | And having been brought safely through | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “And when we had arrived safely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3353 | ACT | 28 | 1 | f8y4 | translate-names | Μελίτη ἡ νῆσος καλεῖται | 1 | the island was called Malta | Malta is an island located south of the modern-day island of Sicily. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3354 | ACT | 28 | 2 | e7w6 | οἵ…βάρβαροι | 1 | the native people | Alternate translation: “the local people” | |
3355 | ACT | 28 | 2 | v8yh | figs-metaphor | παρεῖχαν οὐ τὴν τυχοῦσαν φιλανθρωπίαν ἡμῖν | 1 | offered to us not ordinary kindness | Being kind to someone is spoken of as if it were an object that someone offers. Alternate translation: “were especially kind to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3356 | ACT | 28 | 2 | r7jy | figs-litotes | οὐ τὴν τυχοῦσαν φιλανθρωπίαν | 1 | not just ordinary kindness | This phrase is uses a negative to emphasize the opposite of what is said. Alternate translation: “a great deal of kindness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
3357 | ACT | 28 | 2 | z9cp | ἅψαντες…πυρὰν | 1 | having lit a fire | Alternate translation: “when they put together twigs and branches and burned them” | |
3358 | ACT | 28 | 2 | itw2 | προσελάβοντο πάντας ἡμᾶς | 1 | they welcomed us all | This could mean: (1) “welcomed all of the people from the ship” or (2) “welcomed Paul and all his companions.” | |
3359 | ACT | 28 | 3 | g4ad | ἔχιδνα ἀπὸ τῆς θέρμης ἐξελθοῦσα | 1 | a viper, having come out from the heat | Alternate translation: “a poisonous snake, driven from the bundle of sticks by the heat of the fire” | |
3360 | ACT | 28 | 3 | xmx4 | καθῆψε τῆς χειρὸς αὐτοῦ | 1 | fastened on to his hand | Alternate translation: “bit Paul’s hand and did not let go” | |
3361 | ACT | 28 | 4 | ye7h | πάντως φονεύς ἐστιν ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος | 1 | This man certainly is a murderer | Alternate translation: “For sure, this man is a murderer” or “This man is truly a murderer” | |
3362 | ACT | 28 | 4 | ma1b | figs-explicit | ἡ δίκη | 1 | justice | The word justice refers to the name of a god that they worshiped. Alternate translation: “the god called Justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
3363 | ACT | 28 | 5 | q5i3 | ἀποτινάξας τὸ θηρίον εἰς τὸ πῦρ | 1 | shaking off the snake into the fire | Alternate translation: “after shaking his hand so that the snake fell from his hand into the fire” | |
3364 | ACT | 28 | 5 | asr8 | ἔπαθεν οὐδὲν κακόν | 1 | suffered no harm | Alternate translation: “was not hurt at all” | |
3365 | ACT | 28 | 6 | m11i | πίμπρασθαι | 1 | to become inflamed | This could mean: (1) his body would swell because of the snake venom or (2) he would become very hot with fever. | |
3366 | ACT | 28 | 6 | i6i6 | figs-doublenegatives | μηδὲν ἄτοπον εἰς αὐτὸν γινόμενον | 1 | nothing unusual happening to him | If your readers would misunderstand the double-negative nothing unusual, you can express it in positive form. Alternate translation: “everything about him was as it should be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
3367 | ACT | 28 | 6 | u81u | figs-metaphor | μεταβαλόμενοι | 1 | having changed their minds | To think differently about a situation is spoken of as if a person is changing his mind. Alternate translation: “thinking again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3368 | ACT | 28 | 6 | cfe9 | figs-quotations | ἔλεγον αὐτὸν εἶναι θεόν | 1 | they said that he was a god | You can state this as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “they said, ‘This man must be a god.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
3369 | ACT | 28 | 6 | d1rj | ἔλεγον αὐτὸν εἶναι θεόν | 1 | they said that he was a god | Perhaps there was a belief that someone who lived after a poisonous snake bite was divine or a god. | |
3370 | ACT | 28 | 7 | f4sa | figs-exclusive | ἡμᾶς…ἐξένισεν | 1 | Here both instance of the word us refer to Paul, Luke, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
3371 | ACT | 28 | 7 | r95r | ἐν δὲ τοῖς περὶ τὸν τόπον ἐκεῖνον | 1 | Now in the area near that same place | Now is used to introduce a new person or event in the account. | |
3372 | ACT | 28 | 7 | wx6t | τῷ πρώτῳ τῆς νήσου | 1 | of the most important man of the island | This could mean: (1) the main leader of the people or (2) someone who was the most important person on the island, perhaps because of his wealth. | |
3373 | ACT | 28 | 7 | wh2d | translate-names | ὀνόματι Ποπλίῳ | 1 | named Publius | Publius is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3374 | ACT | 28 | 8 | g12t | writing-background | ἐγένετο δὲ, τὸν πατέρα τοῦ Ποπλίου πυρετοῖς καὶ δυσεντερίῳ συνεχόμενον κατακεῖσθαι | 1 | And it happened that the father of Publius was lying sick, having been afflicted with fever and dysentery | This is background information about Publius’ father that is important to understanding the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) |
3375 | ACT | 28 | 8 | m154 | figs-activepassive | πυρετοῖς καὶ δυσεντερίῳ συνεχόμενον | 1 | having been afflicted with fever and dysentery | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “was suffering from fever and dysentery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3376 | ACT | 28 | 8 | fr46 | δυσεντερίῳ | 1 | dysentery | “Dysentery” is an infectious intestinal disease. | |
3377 | ACT | 28 | 8 | pwk5 | ἐπιθεὶς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῷ | 1 | having placed his hands on him | Alternate translation: “having touched him with his hands” | |
3378 | ACT | 28 | 9 | yk6u | figs-activepassive | ἐθεραπεύοντο | 1 | were being healed | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “he healed them too” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3379 | ACT | 28 | 10 | ydg4 | πολλαῖς τιμαῖς ἐτίμησαν ἡμᾶς | 1 | honored us with many honors | Probably they honored Paul and those with him by giving them gifts. | |
3380 | ACT | 28 | 11 | qi6e | παρακεχειμακότι ἐν τῇ νήσῳ | 1 | that had wintered at the island | Alternate translation: “that the crew left at the island for the cold season” | |
3381 | ACT | 28 | 11 | cm2t | ἐν πλοίῳ…Ἀλεξανδρίνῳ | 1 | in an Alexandrian ship | This could mean: this refers to (1) a ship that came from Alexandria, or (2) a ship that was registered or licensed in Alexandria. | |
3382 | ACT | 28 | 11 | jc5t | figs-explicit | Διοσκούροις | 1 | The Heavenly Twins refers to Castor and Pollux, the twin sons of Zeus, a Greek god. They were thought to be protectors of ships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3383 | ACT | 28 | 12 | w5c6 | translate-names | Συρακούσας | 1 | Syracuse | Syracuse is a city on the southeast coast of the modern-day island of Sicily, just southwest of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3384 | ACT | 28 | 13 | z2u4 | translate-names | Ῥήγιον | 1 | Rhegium | Rhegium was a port city located at the southwestern tip of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3385 | ACT | 28 | 13 | p633 | ἐπιγενομένου νότου | 1 | a south wind having sprung up | Alternate translation: “when the wind began to blow from the south” | |
3386 | ACT | 28 | 13 | tz4h | translate-names | Ποτιόλους | 1 | Puteoli | Puteoli is located in modern-day Naples on the west coast of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
3387 | ACT | 28 | 14 | m1is | οὗ εὑρόντες ἀδελφοὺς | 1 | Having found brothers there | Alternate translation: “When we met fellow believers there” | |
3388 | ACT | 28 | 14 | n3tw | figs-gendernotations | ἀδελφοὺς | 1 | brothers | These brothers were followers of Jesus, including both men and women. Alternate translation: “fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
3389 | ACT | 28 | 14 | a2c5 | figs-activepassive | παρεκλήθημεν | 1 | we were begged | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “they begged us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3390 | ACT | 28 | 14 | bc3j | καὶ οὕτως εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην ἤλθαμεν | 1 | and in this way, we came to Rome | Once Paul reached Puteoli, the rest of the journey to Rome was on land. Alternate translation: “and after we stayed seven days with them, we went to Rome” or “and so our trip ended as we arrived in Rome” | |
3391 | ACT | 28 | 15 | k754 | ἀκούσαντες, τὰ περὶ ἡμῶν | 1 | having heard the things about us | Alternate translation: “after they heard why we were there” | |
3392 | ACT | 28 | 15 | m9tz | figs-metaphor | εὐχαριστήσας τῷ Θεῷ, ἔλαβε θάρσος | 1 | having thanked God, took courage | Here, courage is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could take. Alternate translation: “thanked God and was encouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3393 | ACT | 28 | 15 | se8v | translate-names | Ἀππίου Φόρου…Τριῶν Ταβερνῶν | 1 | Forum of Appius and Three Taverns were a popular market and inn on the main highway called the Appian Way, about 50 kilometers south of the city of Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3394 | ACT | 28 | 16 | hf2t | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul arrives in Rome as a prisoner but with the freedom to stay in his own place. He calls the local Jews together to explain what has happened to him. | ||
3395 | ACT | 28 | 16 | fib2 | figs-exclusive | εἰσήλθομεν | 1 | Here the word we refers to the writer, Paul, and those traveling with them, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
3396 | ACT | 28 | 16 | te8v | figs-activepassive | ἐπετράπη τῷ Παύλῳ μένειν καθ’ ἑαυτὸν | 1 | Paul was allowed to stay by himself | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the Roman authorities gave Paul permission to stay by himself instead of in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3397 | ACT | 28 | 17 | vf7r | ἐγένετο δὲ | 1 | And it happened that | This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. | |
3398 | ACT | 28 | 17 | d77z | τῶν Ἰουδαίων πρώτους | 1 | the most important of the Jews | These were the Jewish civil or religious leaders present in Rome. | |
3399 | ACT | 28 | 17 | e1dd | ἀδελφοί | 1 | brothers | Here brothers means “fellow Jews.” | |
3400 | ACT | 28 | 17 | g55i | ἐναντίον…τῷ λαῷ | 1 | opposed to the people | Alternate translation: “against our people” or “against the Jews” | |
3401 | ACT | 28 | 17 | hgk4 | figs-activepassive | ἐγώ…δέσμιος ἐξ Ἱεροσολύμων παρεδόθην εἰς τὰς χεῖρας τῶν Ῥωμαίων | 1 | I was delivered as a prisoner from Jerusalem into the hands of the Romans | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “some of the Jews arrested me in Jerusalem and placed me in the custody of the Roman authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3402 | ACT | 28 | 17 | x3r2 | figs-metonymy | εἰς τὰς χεῖρας τῶν Ῥωμαίων | 1 | into the hands of the Romans | Here, hands stands for power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3403 | ACT | 28 | 18 | fed7 | τὸ μηδεμίαν αἰτίαν θανάτου ὑπάρχειν ἐν ἐμοί | 1 | there is no reason in me for a death penalty | Alternate translation: “I had done nothing to cause them to execute me” | |
3404 | ACT | 28 | 19 | lr96 | figs-synecdoche | τῶν Ἰουδαίων | 1 | the Jews | Here, the Jews does not mean all of the Jews. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
3405 | ACT | 28 | 19 | zk8f | ἀντιλεγόντων | 1 | objecting | Alternate translation: “complaining about what the Roman authorities wanted to do” | |
3406 | ACT | 28 | 19 | n6vf | figs-activepassive | ἠναγκάσθην ἐπικαλέσασθαι Καίσαρα | 1 | I was forced to appeal to Caesar | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “I had to ask for Caesar to judge me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3407 | ACT | 28 | 19 | e7gr | figs-metonymy | οὐχ ὡς τοῦ ἔθνους μου ἔχων τι κατηγορεῖν | 1 | not as if I have anything to accuse my nation | Here, my nation stands for the people. Alternate translation: “but it was not because I wanted to accuse the people of my nation before Caesar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3408 | ACT | 28 | 20 | b1fd | τῆς ἐλπίδος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ | 1 | the hope of Israel | This could mean: (1) the people of Israel confidently expect the Messiah to come or (2) the people of Israel confidently expect God to bring those who have died back to life. | |
3409 | ACT | 28 | 20 | pgr8 | figs-metonymy | τὴν ἅλυσιν ταύτην περίκειμαι | 1 | I am bound with this chain | Here, bound with this chain stands for being a prisoner. Alternate translation: “I am a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3410 | ACT | 28 | 20 | n3s7 | figs-metonymy | τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ | 1 | of Israel | Here, Israel stands for the people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” or “the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3411 | ACT | 28 | 21 | x5d5 | figs-exclusive | ἡμεῖς | 1 | Here, We refers to the Jewish leaders in Rome. (See: Acts 28:17 and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
3412 | ACT | 28 | 21 | y4bx | οὔτε παραγενόμενός τις τῶν ἀδελφῶν | 1 | nor have any of the brothers come | Here, brothers stands for fellow Jews. Alternate translation: “and none of our fellow Jews have come” | |
3413 | ACT | 28 | 22 | kw1d | τῆς αἱρέσεως ταύτης | 1 | this sect | A sect is a smaller group within a larger group. Here it refers to those who believe in Jesus. Alternate translation: “this group to which you belong” | |
3414 | ACT | 28 | 22 | gy8t | figs-activepassive | γνωστὸν ἡμῖν ἐστιν | 1 | it is known to us | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “we know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3415 | ACT | 28 | 22 | j12v | figs-activepassive | πανταχοῦ ἀντιλέγεται | 1 | it is spoken against everywhere | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “many Jews all over the Roman Empire are saying bad things about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3416 | ACT | 28 | 23 | u7pc | ταξάμενοι…οἷς…αὐτοὺς | 1 | Here all occurrences of the words they and them refer to the Jewish leaders in Rome. | ||
3417 | ACT | 28 | 23 | q4iv | ταξάμενοι…αὐτῷ ἡμέραν | 1 | when they had appointed a day for him | Alternate translation: “when they had chosen a time for him to speak to them” | |
3418 | ACT | 28 | 23 | dg5f | figs-metonymy | διαμαρτυρόμενος τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | testifying about the kingdom of God | Here, kingdom of God stands for God’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “telling them about God’s rule as king” or “telling them how God would show himself as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3419 | ACT | 28 | 23 | peu1 | figs-metonymy | τῶν προφητῶν | 1 | from the prophets | Here, the prophets refers to what they wrote. Alternate translation: “from what the prophets wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3420 | ACT | 28 | 24 | pmd6 | figs-activepassive | καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐπείθοντο τοῖς λεγομένοις | 1 | And some were convinced about the things which he was saying | If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “And Paul was able to convince some of them by what he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
3421 | ACT | 28 | 25 | n7pm | figs-metonymy | εἰπόντος τοῦ Παύλου ῥῆμα ἓν | 1 | after Paul had spoken one word | Here, word stands for a message or statement. Alternate translation: “after Paul had said one more thing” or “after Paul had made this statement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3422 | ACT | 28 | 25 | b11n | figs-quotesinquotes | καλῶς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον ἐλάλησεν διὰ Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ὑμῶν | 1 | The Holy Spirit spoke well through Isaiah the prophet to your fathers. | This sentence contains quotations within quotations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
3423 | ACT | 28 | 26 | t5dq | πορεύθητι πρὸς τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον, καὶ εἰπόν, ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε, καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε; καὶ βλέποντες βλέψετε, καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδητε | 1 | In this verse, Paul begins to quote the prophet Isaiah. | ||
3424 | ACT | 28 | 26 | qj7q | figs-quotesinquotes | λέγων, πορεύθητι πρὸς τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον, καὶ εἰπόν, ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε, καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε; καὶ βλέποντες βλέψετε, καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδητε | 1 | saying, ‘Go to this people and say, “By hearing you will hear, but you will certainly not understand; and by seeing you will see, but you will certainly not perceive | This is the end of the sentence that begins with the words “The Holy Spirit spoke” in verse 25 and that contains quotations within quotations. You can translate one of the inner quotations as an indirect quotation, or you can translate two of the inner quotations as indirect quotations. “The Holy Spirit spoke well through Isaiah the prophet to your forefathers when the Spirit told Isaiah to go tell them that they will hear but will not understand and they will see but they will not perceive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) |
3425 | ACT | 28 | 26 | pax8 | ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε…βλέποντες βλέψετε | 1 | By hearing you will hear … by seeing you will see | The words hear and see are repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: “When you listen you will hear … when you look you will see” | |
3426 | ACT | 28 | 26 | s1ti | figs-parallelism | καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε…καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδητε | 1 | but you will certainly not understand … but you will certainly not perceive | Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the Jewish people will not understand God’s plan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
3427 | ACT | 28 | 27 | fz42 | 0 | General Information: | Translate Paul’s quotation of Isaiah as a direct quotation or indirect quotation according to how you translated it in Acts 28:25-26. | ||
3428 | ACT | 28 | 27 | ts5a | figs-metaphor | ἐπαχύνθη γὰρ ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου | 1 | For the heart of this people has become dull | People who stubbornly refuse to understand what God is saying or doing are spoken of as if their heart is dull. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3429 | ACT | 28 | 27 | ngve | figs-metonymy | ἡ καρδία | 1 | Here, heart is a metonym for the mind. Alternate translation: “the thinking” or “the thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3430 | ACT | 28 | 27 | f5m4 | figs-metaphor | τοῖς ὠσὶν βαρέως ἤκουσαν, καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν ἐκάμμυσαν | 1 | with their ears they hardly heard, and they shut their eyes | People who stubbornly refuse to understand what God is saying or doing are spoken of as if they are unable to hear and are shutting their eyes so that they will not see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3431 | ACT | 28 | 27 | lr99 | figs-metonymy | τῇ καρδίᾳ συνῶσιν | 1 | might understand with their heart | Here, heart stands for the mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3432 | ACT | 28 | 27 | q8c2 | figs-metaphor | ἐπιστρέψωσιν | 1 | might turn again | To start obeying God is spoken of as though the person were physically turning toward God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3433 | ACT | 28 | 27 | vb9f | ἰάσομαι αὐτούς | 1 | I will heal them | This does not mean God will only heal them physically. He will also heal them spiritually by forgiving their sins. | |
3434 | ACT | 28 | 28 | b2za | figs-metaphor | τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἀπεστάλη τοῦτο τὸ σωτήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | this salvation of God has been sent to the Gentiles | God’s message about how he saves people is spoken of as if it were an object that is sent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
3435 | ACT | 28 | 28 | e8hb | figs-activepassive | τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἀπεστάλη τοῦτο τὸ σωτήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God is sending his messengers to the Gentiles to tell them about how he will save them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3436 | ACT | 28 | 28 | d18n | αὐτοὶ καὶ ἀκούσονται | 1 | they also will listen | This response of the Gentiles is in contrast to the way the Jews of that time refused to listen to God. Alternate translation: “some of them also will listen” | |
3437 | ACT | 28 | 30 | c56e | writing-endofstory | 0 | Connecting Statement: | In verses 30-31, Luke ends the story of Paul in the book of Acts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) | |
3438 | ACT | 28 | 31 | wv1l | figs-metonymy | κηρύσσων τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | proclaiming the kingdom of God | Here, kingdom of God refers to God’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “preaching about God’s rule as king” or “preaching about how God will show himself as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
3439 | ACT | 10 | 1 | nfy5 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | This is the beginning of the part of the story about Cornelius. | ||
3440 | ACT | 10 | 6 | lt9n | βυρσεῖ | 1 | a tanner | A tanner is a person who makes leather from animal skins. |