en_tn/en_tn_57-TIT.tsv

1	Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2	TIT	front	intro	m2jl			0		Introduction to Titus Part 1: General Introduction Outline of the Book of Titus Paul instructs Titus to appoint godly leaders. (1:1-16) Paul instructs Titus to train people to live godly lives. (2:1-3:11) Paul ends by sharing some of his plans and sending greetings to various believers. (3:12-15) Who wrote the Book of Titus? Paul wrote the Book of Titus. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus. What is the Book of Titus about? Paul wrote this letter to Titus, his fellow worker, who was leading the churches on the island of Crete. Paul instructed him about selecting church leaders. Paul also described how the believers should behave towards each other. He also encouraged them all to live in a way that pleases God. How should the title of this book be translated? Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “Titus.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “Paul’s Letter to Titus” or “A Letter to Titus”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts In what roles can people serve within the church? There are some teachings in the Book of Titus about whether a woman or divorced man can serve in positions of leadership within the church. Scholars disagree about the meaning of these teachings. Further study on these issues may be necessary before translating this book. Part 3: Important Translation Issues Singular and plural you In this book, the word I refers to Paul. Also, the word you is almost always singular and refers to Titus. The exception to this is 3:15. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) What is the meaning of God our Savior? This is a common phrase in this letter. Paul meant to make the readers think about how God forgave them in Christ for sinning against him, and by forgiving them he saved them from being punished when he judges all people. A similar phrase in this letter is our great God and Savior Jesus Christ.
3	TIT	1	intro	c7me			0		Titus 01 General Notes Structure and formatting Paul formally introduces this letter in verses 1-4. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East. In verses 6-9, Paul lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an elder in the church. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns) Paul gives a similar list in 1 Timothy 3. Special concepts in this chapter Elders The church has used different titles for church leaders. Some titles include overseer, elder, pastor, and bishop. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Should, may, must The ULT uses different words that indicate requirements or obligations. These verbs have different levels of force associated with them. The subtle differences may be difficult to translate. The UST translates these verbs in a more general way.
4	TIT	1	1	rtc9	figs-abstractnouns	κατὰ πίστιν	1	for the faith	Faith is an abstract noun. Here it refers to believing or trusting in Jesus. If it is more clear in your language, you can translate it with a verb such as these, as in the UST. Alternate Translation: “to strengthen the faith” or “to help [God’s chosen people] to trust him more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5	TIT	1	1	xyz8	figs-abstractnouns	ἐπίγνωσιν	1	knowledge	Knowledge is an abstract noun. If it is clearer in your language, you can use a verb such as “to know,” as in the UST. Paul wants people to know the true message about God and Christ so that they can live in a way that pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
6	TIT	1	1	abc8	figs-abstractnouns	ἀληθείας	1	of the truth	Truth is an abstract noun. If it is clearer in your language, you can use an adjective phrase such as “what is true” or “the true message.” Paul wants people to know the true message about God and Christ so that they can live in a way that pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
7	TIT	1	1	fyf8	figs-abstractnouns	τῆς κατ’ εὐσέβειαν	1	that agrees with godliness	Godliness is an abstract noun that refers to living in a way that pleases God. Alternate Translation: “that is suitable for honoring God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
8	TIT	1	2	xyz9		ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίου	1	with the certain hope of everlasting life	“that gives us the certain hope of everlasting life” or “based on our certain hope for everlasting life”
9	TIT	1	2	r2gj		πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων	1	before all the ages of time	“before time began”
10	TIT	1	3	b22h		καιροῖς ἰδίοις	1	at the right time	“at the proper time”
11	TIT	1	3	swi9	figs-metaphor	ἐφανέρωσεν…τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ	1	he revealed his word	Paul speaks of God’s word as if it were an object that could be visibly shown to people. Alternate translation: “He caused me to understand his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12	TIT	1	3	abc9		ἐν κηρύγματι	1	by the proclamation	“through the proclamation of the message”
13	TIT	1	3	m41u	figs-activepassive	ὃ ἐπιστεύθην ἐγὼ	1	that I was entrusted with	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he entrusted to me” or “he gave me the responsibility to preach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14	TIT	1	3	dpn4		τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	of God our Savior	“of God, who saves us”
15	TIT	1	3	xy18	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
16	TIT	1	4	gu55	figs-metaphor	γνησίῳ τέκνῳ	1	a true son	Though Titus was not Paul’s biological son, they share a common faith in Christ. Paul considers relationship to Christ through faith to be more important than biological relationship. Thus, because of their relative ages and shared faith in Christ, Paul considers Titus as his own son. It may also be that Paul led Titus to faith in Christ, and so Titus is like a son in this spiritual sense. Alternate translation: “you are like a son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17	TIT	1	4	wx6c		κοινὴν πίστιν	1	our common faith	Paul and Titus both share the same faith in Christ. Alternate translation: “because we both believe in Christ”
18	TIT	1	4	h93t	figs-ellipsis	χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη	1	Grace and peace	This was a common greeting Paul used. You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “May you experience kindness and inner peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
19	TIT	1	4	s3yr		Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν	1	Christ Jesus our Savior	“Christ Jesus who is our Savior”
20	TIT	1	4	xy17	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
21	TIT	1	5	ew8h	grammar-connect-logic-goal	τούτου χάριν	1	For this purpose	The connecting phrase for this purpose introduces the goal that Paul wanted to accomplish when he left Titus in Crete (to ordain elders in the church). Alternate translation: “This is the reason” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
22	TIT	1	5	lh9b		ἀπέλιπόν σε ἐν Κρήτῃ	1	I left you in Crete	“I told you to stay in Crete”
23	TIT	1	5	ga62		ἵνα τὰ λείποντα ἐπιδιορθώσῃ	1	that you might set in order things not yet complete	“so that you would finish arranging things that needed to be done”
24	TIT	1	5	b52u		καταστήσῃς…πρεσβυτέρους	1	ordain elders	“appoint elders” or “designate elders”
25	TIT	1	5	p56w		πρεσβυτέρους	1	elders	In the early Christian churches, Christian elders gave spiritual leadership to the assemblies of believers. This word refers to people who are mature in faith.
26	TIT	1	6	wja4			0	Connecting Statement:	Having told Titus to ordain elders in every city on the island of Crete, Paul then gives the requirements for elders.
27	TIT	1	6	jen8		εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἀνέγκλητος	1	if anyone is blameless	This is the beginning of the description of the character of an elder. Titus is to choose men who fit the following description. To be blameless is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. Alternate translation: “An elder must be without blame” or “An elder must not have a bad reputation”
28	TIT	1	6	ab70	figs-doublenegatives	ἀνέγκλητος	1	blameless	To be blameless is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. Alternate translation: “without blame” This can also be stated positively: “a person who has a good reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
29	TIT	1	6	q6uy	figs-explicit	μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ	1	the husband of one wife	This means that he has only one wife, that is, he does not have any other wives or concubines. This also means that he does not commit adultery and may also mean that he has not divorced a previous wife. Alternate translation: “a man who has only one woman” or “a man who is faithful to his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
30	TIT	1	6	wd6q		τέκνα…πιστά	1	faithful children	Possible meanings are (1) children who believe in Jesus or (2) children who are trustworthy.
31	TIT	1	7	lz7x		τὸν ἐπίσκοπον	1	the overseer	This is another name for the same position of spiritual leadership that Paul referred to as elder in 1:5. This term focuses on the function of the elder: he oversees the activities and people of the church.
32	TIT	1	7	g2zf	figs-metaphor	Θεοῦ οἰκονόμον	1	The household manager of God	Paul speaks of the church as if it were God’s household, and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing that household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
33	TIT	1	7	d6l1		μὴ πάροινον	1	not addicted to wine	“not an alcoholic” or “not one who drinks much wine”
34	TIT	1	7	j1qq		μὴ πλήκτην	1	not a brawler	“not one who is violent” or “not one who likes to fight”
35	TIT	1	8	i549	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἀλλὰ	1	Instead	The connecting word instead introduces a contrast between the things an elder is not to be (that Paul already stated), and the things an elder is to be (which Paul is about to state). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
36	TIT	1	8	vkq1		φιλάγαθον	1	a friend of what is good	“a person who loves to do good”
37	TIT	1	8	xy11	figs-doublet	σώφρονα…ἐγκρατῆ	1	sensible…self-controlled	These two terms are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
38	TIT	1	8	xy12	figs-doublet	δίκαιον, ὅσιον	1	righteous, holy	These two terms are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
39	TIT	1	9	xwy6	figs-metaphor	ἀντεχόμενον	1	He should hold tightly to	Paul speaks of devotion to the Christian faith as if it were grasping the faith with one’s hands. Alternate translation: “He should be devoted to” or “He should know well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
40	TIT	1	9	xy10		κατὰ τὴν διδαχὴν	1	that is in accordance with the teaching	“that agrees with the things that we taught him”
41	TIT	1	9	abcj	grammar-connect-logic-goal	ἵνα	1	so that	The connecting words so that introduce a goal or purpose relationship. The purpose for the elder to hold tightly to the trustworthy message is for him to be able to encourage others and rebuke those who oppose him. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
42	TIT	1	9	pzi1		τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ	1	sound teaching	The Greek word rendered at sound normally refers to physical health. Paul speaks of this teaching as if it would cause those who believe it to be spiritually healthy, rather than spiritually sick.
43	TIT	1	10	xsq9			0	Connecting Statement:	Because of those that would oppose God’s word, Paul gives Titus reasons to preach God’s word and warns him about false teachers.
44	TIT	1	10	w9kk	figs-metaphor	ἀνυπότακτοι, ματαιολόγοι	1	rebellious, empty talkers	These are rebellious people who do not obey the gospel message. Here empty is a metaphor for useless, and empty talkers are people who say useless or foolish things. Alternate translation: “people who refuse to obey and who say useless things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
45	TIT	1	10	ga6n		φρεναπάται	1	deceivers	This phrase describes people who are actively trying to convince people to believe in something other than the true gospel that Paul preaches. Alternate translation: “people who persuade others to believe things that are not true”
46	TIT	1	10	abcd	figs-hendiadys	ματαιολόγοι, καὶ φρεναπάται	1	empty talkers and deceivers	Both empty talkers and deceivers refer to the same people. They taught false, worthless things and wanted people to believe them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
47	TIT	1	10	pu74	figs-metonymy	οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς	1	those of the circumcision	This refers to the Jewish Christians who taught that men must be circumcised in order to follow Christ. This teaching is false. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
48	TIT	1	11	f4iy		οὓς δεῖ ἐπιστομίζειν	1	It is necessary to stop them	“You must prevent them from spreading their teachings” or “Someone must stop them from influencing others by their words”
49	TIT	1	11	aqi5		ὅλους οἴκους ἀνατρέπουσιν	1	They are upsetting whole households	They are ruining entire families. The issue was that they were leading families away from the truth and destroying their faith.
50	TIT	1	11	tw4e		διδάσκοντες ἃ μὴ δεῖ	1	teaching what they should not	These are things that are not proper to teach regarding Christ and the Law because they are not true.
51	TIT	1	11	at7c		αἰσχροῦ κέρδους χάριν	1	for the sake of shameful profit	This refers to profit that people make by doing things that are not honorable.
52	TIT	1	12	tr1j		τις ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης	1	One of their own prophets	“A Cretan that they themselves consider to be a prophet”
53	TIT	1	12	y3zb	figs-hyperbole	Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται	1	Cretans are always liars	“Cretans lie all the time”. This is an exaggeration that means that Cretans had a reputation to be liars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
54	TIT	1	12	h3jb	figs-metaphor	κακὰ θηρία	1	evil beasts	This metaphor compares the Cretans to dangerous wild animals. Alternate translation: “as dangerous as wild animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
55	TIT	1	12	xyz1	figs-synecdoche	γαστέρες ἀργαί	1	lazy bellies	The part of the body that stores food is used to represent the person who eats all the time. Alternate translation: “lazy gluttons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
56	TIT	1	13	fif8		δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ἔλεγχε αὐτοὺς ἀποτόμως	1	For this reason, rebuke them severely	“For that reason, you must use strong language that the Cretans will understand when you correct them”
57	TIT	1	13	abck	grammar-connect-logic-result	δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν	1	For this reason	The connecting words for this reason introduce a reason-result relationship. The reason is that what the Cretan prophet said about his people is true (they are liars, evil, and lazy), and the result is that Titus should rebuke them severely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
58	TIT	1	13	je3r		ἵνα ὑγιαίνωσιν ἐν τῇ πίστει	1	so that they may be sound in the faith	See note on sound in Titus 1:9. Alternate translation: “so they will have a healthy faith” or “so their faith may be true” or “so that they believe only what is true about God”
59	TIT	1	13	abcl	grammar-connect-logic-result	ἵνα	1	so that	The connecting words so that introduce a reason-result relationship. The reason is the elder rebukes the Cretans severely, and the result is the Cretans become sound in the faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
60	TIT	1	13	xyz2	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν τῇ πίστει	1	in the faith	Here the abstract noun faith represents the things that the people believe about God. Alternate translation: “in what they believe about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
61	TIT	1	14	abcm	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	μὴ	1	not	The connecting word not introduces a contrast to being “sound in the faith” in the previous verse. In order to be sound in the faith, the people must not pay any attention to the Jewish myths or the commands of people who do not follow the truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
62	TIT	1	14	p28i		Ἰουδαϊκοῖς μύθοις	1	Jewish myths	This refers to the false teaching of the Jews.
63	TIT	1	14	m4a5	figs-metaphor	ἀποστρεφομένων τὴν ἀλήθειαν	1	turn away from the truth	Paul speaks of the truth as if it were an object that one could turn away from or avoid. Alternate translation: “reject the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
64	TIT	1	15	qtb9		πάντα καθαρὰ τοῖς καθαροῖς	1	To those who are pure, all things are pure	“If people are pure on the inside, everything that they do will be pure” or “When people have only good thoughts, nothing that they do will offend God”
65	TIT	1	15	nx42		τοῖς καθαροῖς	1	To those who are pure	“To those who are acceptable to God”
66	TIT	1	15	abcn	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	But	The connecting word but introduces a contrast between people who are pure and people who are corrupt and unbelieving. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
67	TIT	1	15	n3wk	figs-metaphor	τοῖς…μεμιαμμένοις καὶ ἀπίστοις, οὐδὲν καθαρόν	2	to those who are corrupt and unbelieving, nothing is pure	Paul speaks of sinners as if they were physically dirty. Alternate translation: “if people are morally defiled and do not believe, they cannot do anything pure” or “when people are full of sin and unbelief, nothing that they do is acceptable to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
68	TIT	1	16	abco	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	but	The connecting word but introduces a contrast between what these corrupt people say (they know God) and what their actions show (they do not know God). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
69	TIT	1	16	i3l2		τοῖς…ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται	1	they deny him by their actions	“how they live proves that they do not know him”
70	TIT	1	16	ja47		βδελυκτοὶ ὄντες	1	They are detestable	“They are disgusting”
71	TIT	2	intro	h3il			0		Titus 02 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Gender roles Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage. Slavery Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches slaves to faithfully serve their masters. He teaches all believers to be godly and live rightly in every situation.
72	TIT	2	1	lfu1			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues giving Titus reasons to preach God’s word, and explains how the older men, older women, young men, and slaves or servants should live as believers.
73	TIT	2	1	tpi2	figs-explicit	σὺ δὲ	1	But you	You here is singular and refers to Titus. If it is helpful, you can include the name “Titus” here as in the UST ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
74	TIT	2	1	ph2j		τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ	1	with sound teaching	See the note on Titus 1:9. Alternate translation: “sound doctrine” or “with correct teachings”
75	TIT	2	2	xyz3	figs-ellipsis	πρεσβύτας…εἶναι	1	Older men are to be	The Greek does not have are, but only older men to be. We need to supply a verb here, drawing from the idea of speak in the previous verse, such as teach or exhort. Alternate translation: “Teach older men to be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
76	TIT	2	2	xy13	figs-doublet	νηφαλίους…σεμνούς, σώφρονας	1	temperate, dignified, sensible	These three words are very close in meaning and may be combined into one or two terms if the target language does not have three separate terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
77	TIT	2	2	xc6t		νηφαλίους	1	temperate	“sober-minded” or “self-controlled”
78	TIT	2	2	y3j2		εἶναι…σώφρονας	1	to be…sensible	“to…control their desires”
79	TIT	2	2	abc1		ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει	1	sound in faith	Here the word sound means to be firm and unwavering. See the note about sound on Titus 1:9 and the note about sound in faith on Titus 1:13.
80	TIT	2	2	m14y	figs-abstractnouns	ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει	1	sound in faith	The abstract noun faith can be stated as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “firmly believe the true teachings about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
81	TIT	2	2	z14y	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ἀγάπῃ	1	in love	The abstract noun love can be stated as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “truly love others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
82	TIT	2	2	a14y	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ὑπομονῇ	1	and in perseverance	The abstract noun perseverance can be stated as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “and continually serve God even when things are difficult” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
83	TIT	2	3	gl8e	figs-ellipsis	πρεσβύτιδας ὡσαύτως	1	Older women likewise are to be	The Greek does not have are to be, but only older women likewise. We need to continue the verbal idea from the previous two verses and apply that here, as well, such as teach or exhort. Alternate translation: “In the same way, teach older women” or “Also teach older women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
84	TIT	2	3	v9cp		διαβόλους	1	slanderers	This word refers to people who say bad things about other people whether they are true or not.
85	TIT	2	3	g9re	figs-metaphor	οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας	1	or being slaves to much wine	People who cannot control themselves and drink too much wine are spoken of as if they were a slave to the wine. Alternate translation: “or controlled by their desire for wine” or “or addicted to wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
86	TIT	2	3	xyz4	figs-activepassive	οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας	1	or being slaves to much wine	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “or drinking too much wine” or “or addicted to wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
87	TIT	2	3	abc4		καλοδιδασκάλους	1	but to be teachers of what is good	The Greek word used here means “a teacher of what is good”. The phrase but to be has been added in the English to contrast this good quality with the two preceding bad qualities. Consider if you need to use a similar word to make a contrast between the good and bad qualities.
88	TIT	2	4	abc5		φιλάνδρους	1	lovers of their husbands	“lovers of their own husbands”
89	TIT	2	4	abca		φιλοτέκνους	1	and lovers of their children	“lovers of their own children”
90	TIT	2	5	abcb		ὑποτασσομένας τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν	1	and subject to their own husbands	“and to obey their own husbands”
91	TIT	2	5	t5v6	figs-metonymy	ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται	1	so that the word of God may not be insulted	Word here is a metonym for “message”, which in turn is a metonym for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
92	TIT	2	5	abcq	figs-activepassive	ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται	1	so that the word of God may not be insulted	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one insults the word of God” or “so that no one insults God by saying bad things about his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
93	TIT	2	6	i3hv		ὡσαύτως	1	In the same way	Titus was to train the younger men just as he was to train the older people.
94	TIT	2	7	x73u		σεαυτὸν παρεχόμενος	1	present yourself	“show yourself to be” or “you yourself must be”
95	TIT	2	7	ym6x		τύπον καλῶν ἔργων	1	as an example of good works	“as an example of one who does right and proper things”
96	TIT	2	8	xy14		ὑγιῆ	1	uncorrupted…sound	This word has the same basic meaning as uncorrupted in 2:7. In 2:7, Paul states the meaning negatively: uncorrupted, meaning, without error, and in 2:8 he states the meaning positively: sound, whole, meaning correct. Both terms refer to Titus’s teaching. Use either positive or negative terms in the target language, or use one term with this meaning in both places if it is difficult to use two terms.
97	TIT	2	8	xt6v	figs-hypo	ἵνα ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας ἐντραπῇ	1	so that the opponent may be ashamed	This presents a hypothetical situation in which someone opposes Titus and then becomes ashamed for having done so. Alternate translation: “so that if anyone opposes you, he may be ashamed” or “so that when people oppose you, they may be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
98	TIT	2	8	xy15	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
99	TIT	2	9	xyz5	figs-ellipsis	δούλους ἰδίοις δεσπόταις ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	Slaves are to be subject to their masters	The Greek does not have are, but only slaves to be subject to their masters. We need to apply the verbal idea from verse 6 to here, which is urge or exhort. Alternate translation: “Exhort slaves to be subject to their masters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
100	TIT	2	9	ntp7		ἰδίοις δεσπόταις	1	their masters	“their own masters”
101	TIT	2	9	abcc		ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	are to be subject	“must obey”
102	TIT	2	9	if6v		ἐν πᾶσιν	1	in everything	“in every situation” or “always”
103	TIT	2	9	id15		εὐαρέστους εἶναι	1	to be pleasing	“to please their masters” or “to satisfy their masters”
104	TIT	2	10	abc6		μὴ νοσφιζομένους	1	not to steal	“not to steal from their masters”
105	TIT	2	10	t87j		πᾶσαν πίστιν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἀγαθήν	1	to demonstrate all good faith	“to show that they are worthy of their masters’ trust”
106	TIT	2	10	h2n6		ἐν πᾶσιν	1	in every way	“in everything they do”
107	TIT	2	10	f8jy		τὴν διδασκαλίαν τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ, κοσμῶσιν	1	they may bring credit to the teaching about God our Savior	“they may make the teaching about God our Savior attractive” or “they may cause people to understand that the teaching about God our Savior is good”
108	TIT	2	10	pn93		τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	God our Savior	“our God who saves us”
109	TIT	2	10	xy16	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	Here, our is inclusive of Paul, Titus, and all Christians (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
110	TIT	2	11	y44u			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul encourages Titus to look for Jesus’ coming and remember his authority through Jesus.
111	TIT	2	11	gp2z	figs-personification	ἐπεφάνη…ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the grace of God has appeared	Paul speaks of the grace of God as if it were a person who has arrived. See the UST for other ways to express this. Alternate translation: “God is now offering his grace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
112	TIT	2	12	qy8k	figs-personification	παιδεύουσα ἡμᾶς	1	training us	Paul speaks of the grace of God (2:11) as if it were a person who trains other people how to live holy lives. Alternate translation: “by which God trains us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
113	TIT	2	12	abce	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
114	TIT	2	12	lxb3		τὴν ἀσέβειαν	1	godlessness	“things that dishonor God”
115	TIT	2	12	n3k5		τὰς κοσμικὰς ἐπιθυμίας	1	worldly passions	“strong desires for the things of this world” or “strong desires for sinful pleasures”
116	TIT	2	12	xy19		ἀσέβειαν…εὐσεβῶς	1	godlessness…godly way	These terms are direct opposites, meaning God-dishonoring and God-honoring, respectively.
117	TIT	2	12	fk8j		ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰῶνι	1	in the present age	“while we live in this world” or “during this time”
118	TIT	2	13	rz93		προσδεχόμενοι	1	looking forward to receiving	waiting to welcome
119	TIT	2	13	xyz6	figs-metonymy	τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα	1	the blessed hope	Here, what is blessed is that for which we hope, which is the return of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “the wonderful thing for which we hope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
120	TIT	2	13	pss7	figs-metonymy	καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	and appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ	Here, glory represents Jesus himself who will appear gloriously. Alternate translation: “that is, the glorious appearance of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
121	TIT	2	13	abcf	figs-hendiadys	τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα, καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης	1	the blessed hope and appearing of the glory	Both blessed hope and appearing of the glory refer to the same event. This can be shown clearly. Alternate translation: “what we are longing for, the blessed and glorious appearing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
122	TIT	2	13	xyz7	figs-hendiadys	τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	our great God and Savior Jesus Christ	Both our great God and Savior refer to the one person, Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “Jesus Christ, our great God and Savior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
123	TIT	2	14	niu4	figs-explicit	ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν	1	gave himself for us	This refers to Jesus dying willingly. Alternate translation: “gave himself to die for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
124	TIT	2	14	xy20	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
125	TIT	2	14	gxe7	figs-metaphor	λυτρώσηται ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀνομίας	1	to redeem us from all lawlessness	Paul speaks of Jesus as if he were setting slaves free from their evil master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126	TIT	2	14	xy21	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
127	TIT	2	14	fjy1		λαὸν περιούσιον	1	a special people	“a group of people that he treasures”
128	TIT	2	14	ii18		ζηλωτὴν	1	zealous for	“who are eager to do”
129	TIT	2	15	abc7		παρακάλει	1	exhort	“encourage them to do these things”
130	TIT	2	15	b94z	figs-explicit	ἔλεγχε, μετὰ πάσης ἐπιταγῆς	1	rebuke with all authority	If it is helpful, the people whom Titus should correct can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Correct with all authority those people who do not do these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
131	TIT	2	15	h15y		μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω	1	Let no one disregard you	“Do not allow anyone to ignore you”
132	TIT	2	15	xy22	figs-doublenegatives	μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω	1	Let no one disregard you	This can be stated positively: “Make sure that everyone listens to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
133	TIT	2	15	jbu1	figs-explicit	σου περιφρονείτω	1	disregard you	The way that people would disregard Titus can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “refuse to listen to your words” or “refuse to respect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
134	TIT	3	intro	zh6x			0		Titus 03 General Notes Structure and formatting Paul gives Titus personal instructions in this chapter. Verse 15 formally concludes this letter. This is a common way of ending a letter in the ancient Near East. Special concepts in this chapter Genealogies Genealogies (verse 9) are lists that record a person’s ancestors or descendants, and show from what tribe and family a person came. For example, priests came from the tribe of Levi and the family of Aaron. Some of these lists included stories of ancestors and even of spiritual beings. These lists and stories were used to argue about where things came from and about how important various people were.
135	TIT	3	1	y9tr			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues giving Titus instructions on how to teach the elders and people under his care in Crete.
136	TIT	3	1	j2sa		ὑπομίμνῃσκε αὐτοὺς…ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	Remind them to submit	“Tell our people again what they already know, to submit” or “Keep reminding them to submit”
137	TIT	3	1	w3fy		ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις, ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν	1	to submit to rulers and authorities, to obey them	“Do as the political rulers and government authorities say by obeying them”
138	TIT	3	1	wa9x	figs-doublet	ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις	1	rulers and authorities	These words have similar meanings and both refer to anyone who holds authority in the government. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
139	TIT	3	1	xy25	figs-doublet	ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν	1	to submit…to obey	These words have similar meanings and both refer to doing what someone tells you to do. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
140	TIT	3	1	in7u		πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἑτοίμους εἶναι	1	be ready for every good work	“be ready to do good whenever there is opportunity”
141	TIT	3	2	lug7		βλασφημεῖν	1	to revile	“to speak evil of”
142	TIT	3	2	abcx	figs-doublenegatives	ἀμάχους εἶναι	1	to avoid quarreling	This can be stated positively: “to be peaceful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
143	TIT	3	3	m9zd		ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς	1	For once we also	“This is because we ourselves were once”
144	TIT	3	3	me7b		ποτε	1	once	“formerly” or “at some time” or “previously”
145	TIT	3	3	bl8e	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	we	“even we” or “we ourselves” This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians, referring to the time before they trusted in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
146	TIT	3	3	rrx9		ἦμεν…ἀνόητοι	1	were foolish	“were thoughtless” or “were unwise”
147	TIT	3	3	qt8f	figs-personification	πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις	1	We were led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasures	Passion and pleasure are spoken of as if they were masters over people and had made those people into slaves by lying to them. Alternate translation: “We had allowed ourselves to believe the lie that various passions and pleasures could make us happy, and then we were unable to control our feelings or stop doing things we thought would give us pleasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
148	TIT	3	3	xy27	figs-activepassive	πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις	1	We were led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasures	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “various passions and pleasures had lied to us and so led us astray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
149	TIT	3	3	tl5n		ἐπιθυμίαις	1	passions	“lusts” or “desires”
150	TIT	3	3	dec4		ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες	1	We lived in evil and envy	Here, evil and envy describe sin. Evil is general and envy is a specific kind of sin. Alternate translation: “We were always doing evil things and wanting what others have”
151	TIT	3	3	y5lp		στυγητοί	1	detestable	“causing others to hate us”
152	TIT	3	4	xy28	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	But	It is important to mark the contrast here between the evil way that people are (verses 1-3) and the goodness of God (verses 4-7) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
153	TIT	3	4	ba5a	figs-personification	ὅτε…ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	when the kindness of God our Savior and his love for mankind appeared	Paul speaks of God’s kindness and love as if they were people that came into our sight. Alternate translation: “When God our Savior showed us his kindness and love for people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
154	TIT	3	4	abcg	figs-abstractnouns	ὅτε…ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	when the kindness of God our Savior and his love for mankind appeared	The abstract nouns kindness and love can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “when God, who saves us, showed how kind and loving he would be to mankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
155	TIT	3	4	abch	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
156	TIT	3	5	n4ug		κατὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος	1	by his mercy	“because he had mercy on us”
157	TIT	3	5	k1a6	figs-metaphor	λουτροῦ παλινγενεσίας	1	the washing of new birth	Paul combines two metaphors here. He is speaking of God’s forgiveness for sinners as if he were physically washing them clean from their sin. He is also speaking of sinners who become responsive to God as if they had been born again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
158	TIT	3	6	fby9	figs-metaphor	οὗ ἐξέχεεν ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς πλουσίως	1	whom God richly poured on us	It is common for New Testament writers to speak of the Holy Spirit as a liquid that God can pour out in large amounts. Alternate translation: “whom God gave to us generously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
159	TIT	3	6	xy24	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
160	TIT	3	6	q9ze		διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν	1	through our Savior Jesus Christ	“when Jesus Christ saved us”
161	TIT	3	6	xy23	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
162	TIT	3	7	di3g	figs-activepassive	δικαιωθέντες	1	having been justified	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “since God has declared us to be without sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
163	TIT	3	7	q1cm	figs-metaphor	κληρονόμοι γενηθῶμεν, κατ’ ἐλπίδα ζωῆς αἰωνίου	1	we might become heirs according to the certain hope of eternal life	The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit the things promised, just as a person inherits property or possessions from a family member. Alternate translation: “we might expect to receive the eternal life that God has promised us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
164	TIT	3	8	j8md		ὁ λόγος	1	This message	This message is the one just expressed in verses 4-7, that God freely gives the Holy Spirit and eternal life to believers through Jesus.
165	TIT	3	8	xy29		τούτων	1	these things	This refers to the teachings that Paul has talked about in verses 1-7. Alternate translation: “these teachings that I have just talked about”
166	TIT	3	8	kqm6		φροντίζωσιν καλῶν ἔργων, προΐστασθαι	1	may be careful to engage themselves in good works	“may seek to do good works”
167	TIT	3	9	tzh9			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul explains what Titus should avoid and how to treat those who cause contention among the believers.
168	TIT	3	9	j1hf		δὲ…περιΐστασο	1	But avoid	“So avoid” or “Therefore, avoid”
169	TIT	3	9	xnf9		μωρὰς…ζητήσεις	1	foolish debates	“arguments concerning unimportant matters”
170	TIT	3	9	qk66		γενεαλογίας	1	genealogies	This is the study of family kinship relationships. See the Introduction to Titus.
171	TIT	3	9	xu7f		ἔρεις	1	strife	arguments or fights
172	TIT	3	9	ky3n		νομικὰς	1	about the law	“about the law of Moses”
173	TIT	3	10	x3fh		αἱρετικὸν ἄνθρωπον…παραιτοῦ	1	Reject a divisive person	“Stay away from a person who causes division”
174	TIT	3	10	xzx1		μετὰ μίαν καὶ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν	1	after one or two warnings	“after you have warned that person once or twice”
175	TIT	3	11	r7pc		ὁ τοιοῦτος	1	such a person	“a person like that”
176	TIT	3	11	inh5	figs-metaphor	ἐξέστραπται	1	has turned from the right way	Paul speaks of someone who chooses to do wrong things as if he were leaving the right path to walk in the wrong direction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
177	TIT	3	11	p81k		ὢν αὐτοκατάκριτος	1	being self-condemned	“bringing judgment on himself”
178	TIT	3	12	z7i4			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul closes the letter by telling Titus what to do after he appoints elders in Crete and by giving greetings from those with him.
179	TIT	3	12	mba6		ὅταν πέμψω	1	When I send	“After I send”
180	TIT	3	12	c32w	translate-names	Ἀρτεμᾶν…Τυχικόν	1	Artemas…Tychicus	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
181	TIT	3	12	knt1		σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν	1	hurry to come	“come quickly”
182	TIT	3	12	xy30		σπούδασον	1	hurry	The verb is singular and directed at Titus alone. Artemas or Tychicus would stay in Crete, probably to take Titus’ place.
183	TIT	3	12	gdw9		παραχειμάσαι	1	to spend the winter	“to stay for the winter”
184	TIT	3	13	a46f	translate-names	Ζηνᾶν…Ἀπολλῶν	1	Zenas…Appollos	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
185	TIT	3	13	s757		καὶ Ἀπολλῶν	1	and Apollos	“and also Apollos”
186	TIT	3	13	j496		σπουδαίως πρόπεμψον	1	Diligently send on their way	“Do not delay in sending”
187	TIT	3	13	xy31	figs-doublenegatives	ἵνα μηδὲν αὐτοῖς λείπῃ	1	so that they lack nothing	This can be stated positively: “so that they have everything that they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
188	TIT	3	14	v7wg			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul explains that it is important for all believers to provide for those who have needs.
189	TIT	3	14	fw98		οἱ ἡμέτεροι	1	our own	Paul is referring to the believers in Crete. Alternate translation: “our own people”
190	TIT	3	14	xy33	figs-exclusive	οἱ ἡμέτεροι	1	our own	Here, our includes Paul and Titus. The form should be either dual or inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
191	TIT	3	14	tn24		εἰς τὰς ἀναγκαίας χρείας	1	toward essential needs	“that enable them to help people who lack necessary things”
192	TIT	3	14	mji4	figs-metaphor	ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι	1	in order not to be unfruitful	Paul speaks of people doing good work as if they were trees bearing good fruit. Alternate translation: “so that they will not lead useless lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
193	TIT	3	14	xy32	figs-doublenegatives	ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι	1	in order not to be unfruitful	This can be stated positively: “in this way they will be fruitful” or “in this way they will be productive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
194	TIT	3	15	j3y2			0	General Information:	Paul ends his letter to Titus.
195	TIT	3	15	abci		ἀσπάζονταί σε	1	greet you	Here, you is singular–this is a personal greeting to Titus.
196	TIT	3	15	k1sa		οἱ μετ’ ἐμοῦ πάντες	1	All those who are with me	“All the people who are with me” or “all of the believers who are here with me”
197	TIT	3	15	f4vc		τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς ἐν πίστει	1	those who love us in faith	Possible meanings are: (1) “the believers who love us” or (2) “the believers who love us because we share the same belief”.
198	TIT	3	15	xy35	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	us	Here, us is probably exclusive and refers to Paul and the group of Christians with him. Paul is sending greetings from this group to the group of Christians that is with Titus on Crete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
199	TIT	3	15	kx83		ἡ χάρις μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν	1	Grace be with all of you	This was a common Christian greeting. Alternate translation: “May God’s grace be with you” or “I ask that God will be gracious to all of you”
200	TIT	3	15	xy34		ὑμῶν	1	you	Here, you is plural. This blessing is for Titus and all of the believers there in Crete.