en_tn/en_tn_02-EXO.tsv

1	Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2	EXO	front	intro	b4pp		הָ⁠אָבְנָ֑יִם	1		Introduction to Exodus Part 1: General Introduction Outline of Exodus Israel in Egypt; preparing to depart from slavery (1–12) First genealogy (1:1–6) Israel as slaves in Egypt (1:7–22) Moses’ history to the time of the Exodus (2:1–4:26) Israel suffers in Egypt (4:27–6:13) Second genealogy (6:14–27) Moses and Aaron go to Pharaoh (6:28–7:25) The plagues (8:1–11:10) Instructions for celebrating the Passover (12:1–30) From Egypt to Mount Sinai (12:31–18:27) The Passover; preparing to leave Egypt; leaving Egypt (12:31–50, 13:1–22) Journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai (14:1–18:27) Mount Sinai and the Law (19-40) Preparing for the covenant (19:1–25) The Ten Commandments (20:1–17) The covenant described (20:18–23:33) The people agree to the covenant; Moses returns to Mount Sinai (24:1–18) Design of the tabernacle and its furnishings; what was required of those who serve in it; tabernacle functions (25:1–31:18) The golden calf; Moses prays for the people (32:1–33:22) The covenant described again (34:1–35) Making of the ark and its furnishings (35:1–38:31) and priestly garments (39:1–43, 40:1–33) The cloud (40:34–38) What is the book of Exodus about? Exodus continues the story of the previous book, Genesis. The first half of Exodus is about how Yahweh made Abraham’s descendants into a nation. This nation, which would be called “Israel,” was meant to belong to Yahweh and worship him. The second half of Exodus describes how God gave the Israelites his law through Moses. The law of Moses told the Israelites how to obey and worship Yahweh properly. The book of Exodus tells how the Israelites were to build the tabernacle. The tabernacle was a tent where Yahweh would be among his people. The Israelites worshiped and sacrificed animals to Yahweh at the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) How should the title of this book be translated? “Exodus” means “exit” or “departure.” Translators may translate this title in a way that can communicate its subject clearly, for example, “About the Israelites Leaving Egypt” or “How the Israelites Left the Land of Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Who wrote the book of Exodus? The writers of both the Old and New Testaments present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Exodus. Since ancient times, both Jews and Christians have thought that Moses wrote Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Why did Moses write so much about God delivering or rescuing the people of Israel? Moses wrote much about God rescuing his people from the Egyptians to show that Yahweh is very powerful. Egypt was the most powerful nation at that time, but Yahweh was still able to free the Israelites from the Egyptians. Also, by rescuing the Israelites, Yahweh showed that he had chosen them as his people, and they should worship him. How does the book of Exodus show the fulfillment of the promises given to Abraham? The book of Exodus shows God beginning to fulfill his promise to Abraham. In Genesis, God promised Abraham that he would have many descendants and that they would become a large nation. When God rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians, he took them to Mount Sinai. There he made a covenant with them, and they became the nation that belonged to Yahweh. Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts What was the Jewish Passover? The Jewish Passover was a religious festival. Yahweh commanded the Israelites to celebrate it every year. Passover was a time to remember how God rescued Israel from the Egyptians. The first Passover meal was eaten in the evening just before they left Egypt. What was the law of Moses to the people of Israel? The law of Moses instructed the people of Israel about what Yahweh required them to do as his people. In the law, God told the people how they should live so that they would honor him. He also instructed them about their need to offer animal sacrifices. God required these sacrifices so that he could forgive their sins and continue living among them. The law also described the duties of the priests and told how to build the tabernacle. What did it mean that Israel was to be a “kingdom of priests and a holy nation” (19:6 ULT)? Israel was a holy nation because Yahweh separated them from all other nations to belong to him. They were to honor and worship him only. This made them different from all the other nations of the world. These other nations worshiped many false gods. Part 3: Important Translation Issues Thus says Yahweh This phrase is used many times in the Old Testament to introduce Yahweh’s speech. Your team should pick a standard translation. See 4:intro for more. Pharaoh’s stubborn heart Between chapters 4–14 there are 18 cases where Pharaoh’s heart is described as strong (11x), heavy (6x), or hard (1x), and one case where the Egyptians’ hearts are described as strong. These are metaphors for being stubborn, that is, being unwilling to obey Yahweh or even to do what is clearly in his own and Egypt’s best interest. Many cultures have similar metaphors, but not all will use the same body part. Within these cases, six times there is a neutral description that Pharaoh was stubborn without saying anyone made him so (7:13, 7:14, 7:22, 8:19, 9:7, 9:35); three times Pharaoh makes himself stubborn (8:15, 8:32, 9:34); and ten times Yahweh makes Pharaoh/the Egyptians stubborn (4:21, 7:3, 9:12, 10:1, 10:20, 10:27, 11:10, 14:4, 14:8, 14:17). Why are the details of the construction of the tabernacle in Exodus 25–32 repeated in Exodus 35–40? In Exodus 25–32, God describes exactly how the tabernacle was to be built. The details were repeated in Exodus 35–40. This showed that the people were to be careful to do exactly as God commanded. Are the events in the order that they actually happened? Most but not all of the events in the book of Exodus are told in the order that they actually happened. Translators may need to make it clear when the events are in an unusual order. What does it mean that God “lived” among his people? The book of Exodus presents God as living in the tabernacle among the nation of Israel. God is everywhere, but he lived among the Israelites in a special way. God dwelled with the Israelites because they belonged to him. He promised to lead them and bless them. In return, the people were to worship him and honor him.
3	EXO	1	intro	cj55	​	וַ⁠יֵּ֥לֶךְ	0		Exodus 01 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is intended to form a smooth transition with the last chapter of the book of Genesis. Special concepts in this chapter Israel’s growth Israel grew in number. This was in fulfillment of the covenant God made with Abraham. It also caused the Egyptians great concern that there would be more Israelites than Egyptians because they would be unable to defend themselves against such a large number of people. Pharaoh also tried to kill all of the male babies so they would not become soldiers who fought against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) End of the famine It is obvious that some time has passed since the beginning of the famine which brought the Israelites into Egypt. Yahweh appears to be punishing the Hebrews for not returning to the Promised Land instead of choosing to stay in Egypt. No return attempt is recorded to have been made. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter “All of the descendants of Jacob were 70 in number” This number included both Jacob’s children and grandchildren. It may cause confusion, but it is important to remember Jacob only had 12 sons.
4	EXO	1	1	851f	​writing-background	​	1		Verses 1–7 are background information for the story. If your language has a way of structuring background information, consider using it for these verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
5	EXO	1	1	g89k	figs-metonymy	​וּ⁠בֵית֖⁠וֹ	1	household	Here, house refers to all of the people who live together, usually a large family with servants. Alternate translation: “and his household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6	EXO	1	1	fxbx	figs-go	הַ⁠בָּאִ֖ים… בָּֽאוּ	1		The words translated as came in could also be translated as “went in.” Use whichever form is most natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
7	EXO	1	1	e65z	​translate-names	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל… יַעֲקֹ֔ב	1		​Jacob and Israel are two names for the same man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8	EXO	1	5	fv84	translate-numbers	​שִׁבְעִ֣ים	1	seventy in number	“70 in number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9	EXO	1	6	sh42	​grammar-connect-time-sequential	וַ⁠יָּ֤מָת	1		Jacob and his sons spent the rest of their lives in Egypt and died there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
10	EXO	1	6	g5qg	​	וְ⁠כָל־אֶחָ֔י⁠ו	1	all his brothers	all his brothers includes ten older brothers and one younger brother. If your language has different words for those, you can say, “his ten older brothers and his younger brother”
11	EXO	1	6	8g2k	​figs-possession	אֶחָ֔י⁠ו	1		This an instance of the possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
12	EXO	1	7	9uwr	​figs-metonymy	וּ⁠בְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל	1		This is the first of many times in this book that sons of Israel refers to the Israelite nation or people. Alternate translation: “And the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13	EXO	1	7	2ccy	​figs-doublet	פָּר֧וּ וַֽ⁠יִּשְׁרְצ֛וּ וַ⁠יִּרְבּ֥וּ וַ⁠יַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ	1		All of these verbs mean similar things and are used together to emphasize that the Israelite people became very numerous. If your language doesn’t have as many words that mean the same thing, you can use fewer words and express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “multiplied and became extremely numerous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
14	EXO	1	7	uo65	​	פָּר֧וּ… וַ⁠יִּרְבּ֥וּ… וַ⁠תִּמָּלֵ֥א הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ	1		Compare your translation of fruitful … and multiplied … and the land was filled here to Genesis 1:28; ​9:1, 7; and especially Genesis 35:11, where God renamed Jacob to be called Israel.
15	EXO	1	7	nk2l	figs-metaphor	​פָּר֧וּ	1	were fruitful	The birth of children to the Israelites is spoken of as if they were plants that were producing fruit. Alternate translation: “had many children” or “gave birth to many children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16	EXO	1	7	r2f1	figs-activepassive	וַ⁠תִּמָּלֵ֥א הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ אֹתָֽ⁠ם	1	the land was filled with them	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they filled the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
17	EXO	1	7	3tcv	​figs-idiom	בִּ⁠מְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד	1		Here, the same word is used twice to emphasize how many the Israelite people had become. If your language does not repeat words like this, express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “with much power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
18	EXO	1	7	piq4	writing-participants	​אֹתָֽ⁠ם	1	with them	Here, them refers to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
19	EXO	1	8	6y05	writing-newevent	​וַ⁠יָּ֥קָם	1		This sentence introduces a new event in the story. If your language marks this with particular discourse features, apply them here. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
20	EXO	1	8	470t	writing-participants	מֶֽלֶךְ־חָדָ֖שׁ	1		​The story begins with the new king. Your language may have a specific way to introduce new events or new characters in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
21	EXO	1	8	t6jd	figs-metonymy	וַ⁠יָּ֥קָם מֶֽלֶךְ־חָדָ֖שׁ עַל־מִצְרָ֑יִם	1	arose over Egypt	Here, Egypt refers to the place and the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “And a new king began to rule over the Egyptians and the country of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22	EXO	1	8	04cx	figs-metonymy	​לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע אֶת־יוֹסֵֽף	1		Here, Joseph refers to both the person Joseph and to all of the good things that he did for Egypt. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
23	EXO	1	9	tf59	​writing-participants	​וַ⁠יֹּ֖אמֶר	1	He said to his people	“And the king said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
24	EXO	1	9	aku3	​figs-exclamations	הִנֵּ֗ה	1		Here, behold draws special attention to what is about to be said. Use a way of drawing people’s attention that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Listen to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
25	EXO	1	9	x65i	figs-possession	​עַמּ֑⁠וֹ	1	his people	The people are spoken of as if they belonged to the king. This an instance of the possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
26	EXO	1	9	t7s1		​עַמּ֑⁠וֹ	1		There is some ambiguity as to whom exactly Pharaoh was addressing. It could have been: 1) the people who lived in Egypt, the Egyptians or 2) some group of “his people” like his advisors, generals, nobles, or friends and family. Even if option 1 is meant, it is quite possible that he actually spoke to some smaller group of representatives, as in option 2.
27	EXO	1	9	jik8		מִמֶּֽ⁠נּוּ	1		Use a way that is natural in your language to compare non-specific sizes of groups of people. Alternate translation: “more than we are”
28	EXO	1	9	njuf	figs-quotemarks	הִנֵּ֗ה	1		Beginning from behold to the end of verse 10 is a direct quote of what the king said. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
29	EXO	1	10	hiq4	figs-exclusive	​נִֽתְחַכְּמָ֖ה… שֹׂ֣נְאֵ֔י⁠נוּ… בָּ֖⁠נוּ	1	let us	The word “us” is inclusive and refers to the king and his people, the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
30	EXO	1	10	8wvb	grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	​פֶּן־יִרְבֶּ֗ה וְ⁠הָיָ֞ה כִּֽי־תִקְרֶ֤אנָה מִלְחָמָה֙	1		The king suggests a combination of two hypothetical events: 1. There are even more Israelites, 2. There is a battle. These are followed by a series of undesirable consequences: 3. The Israelites join an enemy, 4. The Israelites attack the Egyptians, 5. The Israelites leave Egypt. While the series of consequences is also technically hypothetical, the king’s language indicates that if 1-2 happen, then 3-5 are certain. Use language that makes it clear that the first two events are hypothetical, and that the next three are consequences that could be expected if the first two events happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
31	EXO	1	10	jc1h	​	וְ⁠עָלָ֥ה מִן־הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ	1	leave the land	“and he leaves Egypt”
32	EXO	1	10	ni77	figs-quotemarks	הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ	1		After this phrase, the direct quote of what the king said comes to an end. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
33	EXO	1	11	y2mi	​	​שָׂרֵ֣י	1	taskmasters	Egyptians whose job it was to force the Israelites to do hard work.
34	EXO	1	11	o926	​	מִסִּ֔ים	1		Here the plural means groups. Alternative translation: “work crews”
35	EXO	1	11	l9lj		​לְמַ֥עַן עַנֹּת֖⁠וֹ בְּ⁠סִבְלֹתָ֑⁠ם	1	to oppress them with hard labor	“to force the Israelites to do hard work for the Egyptians”
36	EXO	1	11	pkz4	​translate-unknown	​עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנוֹת֙	1	store cities	These were places where the leaders put away food and other important things to keep them safe. Alternative translation: “cities in which to put away things to keep them safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
37	EXO	1	11	dy34	​figs-possession	​עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנוֹת֙	1		The possessive is objective; storage of goods is what occurs in the cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
38	EXO	1	12	c1fy	​grammar-connect-logic-contrast	וְ⁠כַ⁠אֲשֶׁר֙ יְעַנּ֣וּ אֹת֔⁠וֹ כֵּ֥ן יִרְבֶּ֖ה וְ⁠כֵ֣ן יִפְרֹ֑ץ	1		This sentence expresses a result that is opposite of what the king expected. If your language has a way to express something happening that was opposite of what was expected, use that structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
39	EXO	1	12	pdfk	figs-abstractnouns	וַ⁠יָּקֻ֕צוּ	1		“And they were afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
40	EXO	1	12	qgzz	figs-metonymy	מִ⁠פְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	1		Here, face figuratively means the presence of a person. The phrase means that the Egyptians were afraid of the Israelites’ existence in the country. Alternate translation: “whenever they saw an Israelite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
41	EXO	1	13	j1q6	​figs-abstractnouns	וַ⁠יַּעֲבִ֧דוּ מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּ⁠פָֽרֶךְ	1	made…work rigorously	Here, rigor is a noun used to modify the verb enslaved. Rigor could refer either to how hard the work was or how unkindly the Egyptians treated the Israelites. Alternate translation: “And the Egyptians made the sons of Israel work very hard” or “And the Egyptians harshly made the sons of Israel work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
42	EXO	1	14	mx6v	figs-metaphor	​וַ⁠יְמָרְר֨וּ	1	made their lives bitter	The difficult lives of the Israelites are spoken of as if they were bitter food that was difficult to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
43	EXO	1	14	jre2	figs-abstractnouns	בַּ⁠עֲבֹדָ֣ה קָשָׁ֗ה	1		Slavery is an abstract noun modified by hard. Alternative translation: “by making them work hard as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
44	EXO	1	14	cuq7	​translate-unknown	​בְּ⁠חֹ֨מֶר֙	1	mortar	This was a wet glue or mud put between bricks or stones that held them together when it dried. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
45	EXO	1	14	h5dx	​translate-unknown	וּ⁠בִ⁠לְבֵנִ֔ים	1		A hardened rectangular block of mud, clay etc., used for building. (Source: Wiktionary) The clay or mud was hardened either in the sun or by heating it to higher temperatures in other ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
46	EXO	1	14	gzq7	​	​אֵ֚ת כָּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔⁠ם אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ בָ⁠הֶ֖ם בְּ⁠פָֽרֶךְ׃	1	All their required work was hard	“the Egyptians made them work very hard” or “the Egyptians forced them to work very hard” See how you translated this in verse 13
47	EXO	1	14	5nzx	​writing-participants	וַ⁠יְמָרְר֨וּ…בָ⁠הֶ֖ם	1		These pronouns refer to the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
48	EXO	1	14	acj5	​writing-participants	חַיֵּי⁠הֶ֜ם…עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔⁠ם…עָבְד֥וּ	1		These pronouns refer to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
49	EXO	1	15	yoaj	​writing-newevent	וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר֙	1		This sentence introduces a new event in the story. If your language marks this with particular discourse features, apply them here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
50	EXO	1	15	hhw1	​	​לַֽ⁠מְיַלְּדֹ֖ת	1	midwives	These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby.
51	EXO	1	15	h8f8	translate-names	​שִׁפְרָ֔ה…פּוּעָֽה	1	Shiphrah…Puah	These are Hebrew women’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
52	EXO	1	15	h59t	writing-participants	​שִׁפְרָ֔ה…פּוּעָֽה	1		The midwives are introduced here as new participants in the story. Use your language’s way to introduce new characters in a story.​ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
53	EXO	1	16	4wwz	​	וַ⁠יֹּ֗אמֶר	1		In the UST, And the king said, is combined with “spoke” from verse 15 because the verb for “say” is used twice before he speaks. This may be strange in some languages. If it would be unnatural to say that the king spoke or said twice, you may leave one off.
54	EXO	1	16	yovg	figs-quotemarks	בְּ⁠יַלֶּדְ⁠כֶן֙ אֶת־הָֽ⁠עִבְרִיּ֔וֹת וּ⁠רְאִיתֶ֖ן עַל־הָ⁠אָבְנָ֑יִם אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַ⁠הֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠אִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָ⁠חָֽיָה	1		This is a direct quote of what the king said. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
55	EXO	1	16	5lke	​figs-youdual	בְּ⁠יַלֶּדְ⁠כֶן֙…וּ⁠רְאִיתֶ֖ן…וַ⁠הֲמִתֶּ֣ן	1		The king is speaking to the two midwives, so the form of you is plural. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual or plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/​figs-youdual]])
56	EXO	1	16	h3mb	figs-metonymy	עַל־הָ⁠אָבְנָ֑יִם	1	on the birthstool	Women sat on this short stool as they gave birth. Therefore, it is associated with birth. Alternate translation: “as they give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
57	EXO	1	16	nms7	grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	​אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַ⁠הֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠אִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָ⁠חָֽיָה	1		​These two statements are hypothetical conditions (starting at if) with instructions for what the midwives should do in each situation (starting at then). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
58	EXO	1	17	gy7k	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	וַ⁠תִּירֶ֤אןָ	1		Use a conjunction or other language structure that expresses contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
59	EXO	1	18	y9g5	​	​לַֽ⁠מְיַלְּדֹ֔ת	1	midwives	These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in Exodus 1:15.
60	EXO	1	18	00l4	figs-quotemarks	מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַ⁠דָּבָ֣ר הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה וַ⁠תְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַ⁠יְלָדִֽים	1		This is a direct quote of the king’s question. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
61	EXO	1	18	y73k	​figs-quotations	וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר לָ⁠הֶ֔ן מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַ⁠דָּבָ֣ר הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה וַ⁠תְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַ⁠יְלָדִֽים	1		This could be translated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “and he asked them why they were letting the sons live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
62	EXO	1	18	q1sy		מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַ⁠דָּבָ֣ר הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה וַ⁠תְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַ⁠יְלָדִֽים	1	Why have you done this, and let the baby boys live?	Alternate translation: “Why have you not killed the baby boys?”
63	EXO	1	18	8onv	​figs-youdual	עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן	1		This you is plural. The king is speaking to the two midwives. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual or plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/​figs-youdual]])
64	EXO	1	19	7t6z	figs-quotemarks	כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַ⁠נָּשִׁ֛ים הַ⁠מִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽ⁠עִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּ⁠טֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵ⁠הֶ֛ן הַ⁠מְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְ⁠יָלָֽדוּ	1		This is a direct quote of the midwives’ response. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
65	EXO	1	19	9gqe	grammar-connect-logic-result	כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַ⁠נָּשִׁ֛ים הַ⁠מִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽ⁠עִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּ⁠טֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵ⁠הֶ֛ן הַ⁠מְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְ⁠יָלָֽדוּ	1		The midwives give a reason, the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women, and then they expand on that reason, for they are lively (or energetic), with the result that before the midwife comes to them, they have given birth.  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
66	EXO	1	19	0ppa	figs-synecdoche	וַ⁠תֹּאמַ֤רְןָ הַֽ⁠מְיַלְּדֹת֙	1		It may not make sense in your language to say that multiple people said something, so you may need to translate it in the singular (see UST). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
67	EXO	1	19	2ivn		הַֽ⁠מְיַלְּדֹת֙	1		These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in Exodus 1:15.
68	EXO	1	20	eh25	​	​לַֽ⁠מְיַלְּדֹ֑ת	1	midwives	These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in Exodus 1:15.
69	EXO	1	20	h133	figs-doublet	וַ⁠יִּ֧רֶב הָ⁠עָ֛ם וַ⁠יַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ מְאֹֽד	1	The people increased in numbers	These words mean similar things and are used together to emphasize their numeric growth. If your language doesn’t have as many words that mean the same thing, you can use fewer words and express the emphasis in another way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
70	EXO	1	20	0wpb	​grammar-connect-logic-result	​וַ⁠יֵּ֥יטֶב אֱלֹהִ֖ים לַֽ⁠מְיַלְּדֹ֑ת	1		This phrase is more logically connected to the statements in verse 21. It describes the result of the midwives fearing God with a general statement. You may need to rearrange vs 20-21 so that the reason (vs 21) comes before both the general and specific results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
71	EXO	1	21	3q9e	​grammar-connect-logic-result	וַ⁠יְהִ֕י כִּֽי־יָֽרְא֥וּ הַֽ⁠מְיַלְּדֹ֖ת אֶת־הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֑ים	1		This is the reason for what God did. You may need to rearrange vs 20-21 so that the reason (vs 21) comes before both the general and specific results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
72	EXO	1	21	pbve	​grammar-connect-logic-result	וַ⁠יַּ֥עַשׂ לָ⁠הֶ֖ם בָּתִּֽים	1		This describes the result of the midwives fearing God with a specific statement. You may need to rearrange vs 20-21 so that the reason (vs 21) comes before both the general and specific results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
73	EXO	1	21	jx9c		בָּתִּֽים	1	he gave them families	“households”
74	EXO	1	22	ld1j	figs-explicit	כָּל־הַ⁠בֵּ֣ן הַ⁠יִּלּ֗וֹד הַ⁠יְאֹ֨רָ⁠ה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔⁠הוּ	1	You must throw every son…into the river	This order was given in order to drown the male children. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “You must dispose of each new baby boy in the river so he will drown” or “Drown each baby boy in the river when he is born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
75	EXO	1	22	a6b2	figs-quotations	וַ⁠יְצַ֣ו פַּרְעֹ֔ה לְ⁠כָל־עַמּ֖⁠וֹ לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר כָּל־הַ⁠בֵּ֣ן הַ⁠יִּלּ֗וֹד הַ⁠יְאֹ֨רָ⁠ה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔⁠הוּ וְ⁠כָל־הַ⁠בַּ֖ת תְּחַיּֽוּ⁠ן	1		From You shall to the end of the verse is a direct quote of Pharaoh’s speech. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. However, it could be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “And Pharaoh commanded all of his people to throw every baby boy into the river, but to let the every girl live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
76	EXO	1	22	stag	figs-youdual	תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔⁠הוּ…תְּחַיּֽוּ⁠ן	1		The uses of the word you here refer to all the Egyptians. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/​figs-youdual]])
77	EXO	2	intro	rwf3			0		Exodus 02 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Covenant God begins to relate to the Israelites based on his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Moses’ heritage In the first part of this chapter, Pharaoh’s daughter recognizes Moses as being a Hebrew, but in the last part of this chapter, the Midianites believe him to be an Egyptian. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Identification of participants Moses is the only participant named in most of this chapter. This is because many of the participants play very minor roles and because this part of the story is focusing on Moses’ life. Ironic situations While Pharaoh tried to diminish the power of the Israelites by killing all of their baby boys, God used Pharaoh’s own daughter to save Moses. Moses believes he is meant to be the rescuer of his people, but they reject him. Ultimately, Moses was correct, but God had not yet sent him for that mission.
78	EXO	2	1	wvj9	writing-newevent	​וַ⁠יֵּ֥לֶךְ	1	Now	A new scene begins here; that may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
79	EXO	2	1	riy7	writing-participants	אִ֖ישׁ…בַּת	1		These are new participants. They remain unnamed until Exodus 6:20 where they are identified as Amram and Jochebed. For now it is best to leave them unnamed in your language, if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
80	EXO	2	1	40u9	figs-idiom	וַ⁠יִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־בַּת־לֵוִֽי	1		This is an idiom for marrying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
81	EXO	2	2	s49k		ט֣וֹב	1		Alternative translations: “pleasing,” “fine,” or “healthy” (UST)
82	EXO	2	2	q4c0	grammar-connect-logic-result	וַ⁠תֵּ֤רֶא…וַֽ⁠תִּצְפְּנֵ֖⁠הוּ	1		Hiding the boy was a result of seeing that he was good. Alternative translation: “Since she saw … she hid him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
83	EXO	2	2	00k4	translate-numbers	שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה	1		3 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
84	EXO	2	3	t2gj	translate-unknown	תֵּ֣בַת גֹּ֔מֶא	1	papyrus basket	This is a basket made from a tall grass that grows by the Nile River in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
85	EXO	2	3	tn3y	figs-explicit	וַ⁠תַּחְמְרָ֥⁠ה בַ⁠חֵמָ֖ר וּ⁠בַ⁠זָּ֑פֶת	1	sealed it with bitumen and pitch	You could explicitly state that this was to keep out water. Alternate translation: “spread tar on it to keep water from getting into it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
86	EXO	2	3	wpb6	translate-unknown	וַ⁠תַּחְמְרָ֥⁠ה	1	sealed	This means that she applied a waterproof coating. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
87	EXO	2	3	ym3k	translate-unknown	בַ⁠חֵמָ֖ר	1	bitumen	This is a sticky black paste made from petroleum. It can be used to keep out water. Alternate translation: “with tar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
88	EXO	2	3	v825	translate-unknown	וּ⁠בַ⁠זָּ֑פֶת	1	pitch	This is a sticky brown or black paste that can be made from tree sap or from petroleum. Therefore, pitch would include not only bitumen but also plant-based resins. It too can be used to keep out water. Alternate translation: “and with tar” or “and with resin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
89	EXO	2	3	y8gq	translate-unknown	בַּ⁠סּ֖וּף	1	reeds	These reeds were a type of tall grass that grew in flat, wet areas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
90	EXO	2	4	av8b		וַ⁠תֵּתַצַּ֥ב אֲחֹת֖⁠וֹ מֵ⁠רָחֹ֑ק	1	at a distance	This means she stood far enough away so that she would not be noticed, but close enough to see the ark. Use a word that expresses this sort of distance in your language.
91	EXO	2	4	9m7y	figs-abstractnouns	מֵ⁠רָחֹ֑ק	1		This probably means somewhere in the reeds where she could see the basket but no one would see her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
92	EXO	2	4	4d7n	figs-kinship	אֲחֹת֖⁠וֹ	1		In the UST, “older” is supplied because her actions clearly show she is his older sister. In some languages a different term is used for siblings based on their relative ages and/or the gender of the siblings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-kinship]])
93	EXO	2	4	z1cy	grammar-connect-logic-goal	לְ⁠דֵעָ֕ה מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה לֽ⁠וֹ	1		This is her purpose in being close by. Alternative translation: “in order to learn what would happen to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
94	EXO	2	5	1vls	figs-go	וַ⁠תֵּ֤רֶד	1		Came down may be literal or figurative, as important places are often considered to be in a higher place. This means she came from her home, probably Pharaoh’s palace. If a perspective is required for Pharaoh’s daughter, you may choose go or come as works best in your language. “Come” is better as the scene is at the river and she comes to the scene location. However, you also need to consider your language’s way of introducing new participants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
95	EXO	2	5	y26h	writing-participants	וַ⁠תֵּ֤רֶד בַּת־פַּרְעֹה֙	1		The daughter of Pharaoh is introduced here as a new participant. Along with choosing come or go as mentioned in the previous note, you may need to mark her introduction in a particular way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
96	EXO	2	5	3van	writing-participants	וְ⁠נַעֲרֹתֶ֥י⁠הָ	1		These women are introduced here as new participants; however they are not mentioned again after this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
97	EXO	2	5	im0d	figs-metaphor	עַל־יַ֣ד הַ⁠יְאֹ֑ר	1		Hand is a metaphor for “side,” which in this case can be translated as the shore or bank (UST) of the river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
98	EXO	2	5	bi7s		וְ⁠נַעֲרֹתֶ֥י⁠הָ	1	her attendants	These were the young women whose job it was to be with her and make sure nothing bad happened to her.
99	EXO	2	5	am7g	writing-participants	וַ⁠תִּקָּחֶֽ⁠הָ	1		It is not clear who is meant by she here, either Pharaoh’s daughter or the servant. It is likely that Pharaoh’s daughter stays the subject. Alternative translation: “and she took the ark from her slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
100	EXO	2	6	g9n6	figs-exclamations	וְ⁠הִנֵּה	1	Behold	The word behold signals the surprising information that follows. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
101	EXO	2	6	tyub	grammar-connect-logic-result	וַ⁠תַּחְמֹ֣ל עָלָ֔י⁠ו	1		The text does not state exactly what caused her to have compassion on the baby. If a reason must be provided in your language it should be connected to either his crying (this is the better option) or that he was a “good” baby verse 2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
102	EXO	2	6	jg0d	figs-quotemarks	מִ⁠יַּלְדֵ֥י הָֽ⁠עִבְרִ֖ים זֶֽה	1		This is a direct quote. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. It seems to have been said loud enough for the baby’s sister to hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
103	EXO	2	7	3zvu	figs-quotemarks	וְ⁠קָרָ֤אתִי לָ⁠ךְ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה מֵינֶ֔קֶת מִ֖ן הָ⁠עִבְרִיֹּ֑ת וְ⁠תֵינִ֥ק לָ֖⁠ךְ אֶת־הַ⁠יָּֽלֶד	1		This is a direct quote of the baby’s sister. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
104	EXO	2	7	x5ja		וְ⁠קָרָ֤אתִי לָ⁠ךְ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה מֵינֶ֔קֶת מִ֖ן הָ⁠עִבְרִיֹּ֑ת	1		This is a suggestive question. The child’s sister is hopeful that Pharaoh’s daughter does not have a plan yet for the baby beyond saving his life. However, it is still a true question, for without Pharaoh’s daughter’s permission the child’s sister will not be able to fetch the woman. If your language has a way of forming questions that are also suggestions, use it here.
105	EXO	2	7	psb2	figs-possession	אֲחֹת⁠וֹ֮…בַּת־פַּרְעֹה֒	1		These are both possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
106	EXO	2	7	d7aj		מֵינֶ֔קֶת…וְ⁠תֵינִ֥ק	1	nurse	To nurse means to feed with milk from the breast.
107	EXO	2	7	tqq9	grammar-connect-logic-goal	וְ⁠תֵינִ֥ק לָ֖⁠ךְ אֶת־הַ⁠יָּֽלֶד	1		This is the purpose of the sister’s proposal. Alternative translation: “And she could nurse the infant for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
108	EXO	2	8	ab1m	figs-go	לֵ֑כִי…וַ⁠תֵּ֨לֶךְ֙	1		The girl left Pharaoh’s daughter to go to the child’s mother. The girl was almost certainly on foot. Use verbs of motion that express this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
109	EXO	2	8	2456	figs-quotemarks	לֵ֑כִי	1		This is a direct quote. Pharaoh’s daughter commands the baby’s sister. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
110	EXO	2	8	lyyj	figs-possession	בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֖ה…אֵ֥ם הַ⁠יָּֽלֶד	1		These are both the possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
111	EXO	2	9	lmko	figs-possession	בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֗ה	1		This is the possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
112	EXO	2	9	u554	writing-participants	לָ֣⁠הּ	1		The child’s mother is reintroduced as a participant. Alternative translation: “to the baby’s mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
113	EXO	2	9	xp5x	figs-quotemarks	הֵילִ֜יכִי אֶת־הַ⁠יֶּ֤לֶד הַ⁠זֶּה֙ וְ⁠הֵינִקִ֣⁠הוּ לִ֔⁠י וַ⁠אֲנִ֖י אֶתֵּ֣ן אֶת־שְׂכָרֵ֑⁠ךְ	1		This is a direct quote. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
114	EXO	2	9	mogg		שְׂכָרֵ֑⁠ךְ	1		This refers to payment that Pharaoh’s daughter would give to the mother in exchange for her service of nursing the baby.
115	EXO	2	9	hqsa	figs-explicit	וַ⁠תִּקַּ֧ח…וַ⁠תְּנִיקֵֽ⁠הוּ	1		The mother’s acceptance of the deal is implied. You could make it explicit, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
116	EXO	2	10	zj8h	grammar-connect-time-sequential	וַ⁠יִגְדַּ֣ל הַ⁠יֶּ֗לֶד וַ⁠תְּבִאֵ֨⁠הוּ֙	1	she brought him	An unspecified amount of time is designated by this. He would have stayed with his mother at least until he was weaned (no longer drinking his mother’s milk). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
117	EXO	2	10	ta4r	figs-possession	לְ⁠בַת־פַּרְעֹ֔ה	1		This is the possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
118	EXO	2	10	j7n1		וַֽ⁠יְהִי־לָ֖⁠הּ לְ⁠בֵ֑ן	1	he became her son	“and he became the adopted son of Pharaoh’s daughter”
119	EXO	2	10	h7to	grammar-connect-time-simultaneous	וַֽ⁠יְהִי־לָ֖⁠הּ לְ⁠בֵ֑ן וַ⁠תִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמ⁠וֹ֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה	1		These events were likely simultaneous, because her act of naming him may have been what made him become as a son to her. Consider using a conjunction that does not make a great separtion between these events. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
120	EXO	2	10	nh2m		מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַ⁠תֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֥י מִן־הַ⁠מַּ֖יִם מְשִׁיתִֽ⁠הוּ	1	Because I drew him from the water	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Moses sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘draw out.’”
121	EXO	2	10	ityq	figs-quotations	וַ⁠תֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֥י מִן־הַ⁠מַּ֖יִם מְשִׁיתִֽ⁠הוּ	1		This is a direct quote. It could be stated indirectly. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. Alternate translation: “because she said she draw him out of the water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
122	EXO	2	10	yax4	translate-names	מֹשֶׁ֔ה	1	drew him	Moses - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
123	EXO	2	11	tyol	grammar-connect-time-sequential	וַ⁠יְהִ֣י׀ בַּ⁠יָּמִ֣ים הָ⁠הֵ֗ם וַ⁠יִּגְדַּ֤ל מֹשֶׁה֙ וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֣א	1		A significant amount of time has passed; later texts state that Moses was 40 years old at this point. Alternative translation: “Many years later, once Moses was grown, he went out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
124	EXO	2	11	p7gx	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יְהִ֣י׀ בַּ⁠יָּמִ֣ים הָ⁠הֵ֗	1		This introduces a new event in the story. In your language, use a phrase that indicates a new event occurring after significant time has passed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
125	EXO	2	11	917y	figs-go	וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֣א	1		The UST supplies a probable location that he went out from; it could also have been simply out from the Egyptian area or out to the work area or cities. Use go or come as appropriate in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
126	EXO	2	11	swn3		מַכֶּ֥ה אִישׁ־עִבְרִ֖י	1	striking a Hebrew	“hitting a Hebrew” or “beating a Hebrew”
127	EXO	2	12	m9bn	figs-merism	וַ⁠יִּ֤פֶן כֹּה֙ וָ⁠כֹ֔ה	1	He looked this way and that way	These two opposite directions have the combined meaning of “everywhere.” Alternate translation: “He looked all around” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
128	EXO	2	12	rmgn	figs-metonymy	וַ⁠יַּךְ֙	1		The context makes clear that Moses struck the Egyptian hard enough or repeatedly until Moses killed him. Consider using a word that indicates a deadly blow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
129	EXO	2	13	qn45	figs-go	וַ⁠יֵּצֵא֙	1	He went out	See how you translated this in Exodus 2:11. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
130	EXO	2	13	83e6	translate-ordinal	הַ⁠שֵּׁנִ֔י	1		The ordinal number here could mean “the next day” (UST) or simply on some day following the events of the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
131	EXO	2	13	rgn1	figs-exclamations	וְ⁠הִנֵּ֛ה	1	behold	Here, behold shows that Moses was surprised by what he saw. You can use a word in your language that will give this meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
132	EXO	2	13	i4d6		לָֽ⁠רָשָׁ֔ע	1	the one who was in the wrong	Based on Moses’s question, this means the aggressor or the man wrongfully attacking his neighbor. Alternate translation: “the man who was guilty of starting the fight”
133	EXO	2	13	duob	figs-quotemarks	לָ֥⁠מָּה תַכֶּ֖ה רֵעֶֽ⁠ךָ	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
134	EXO	2	14	qb2n	figs-rquestion	מִ֣י שָֽׂמְ⁠ךָ֞ לְ⁠אִ֨ישׁ שַׂ֤ר וְ⁠שֹׁפֵט֙ עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ	1	Who made you a leader and judge over us?	The man used this question to rebuke Moses for intervening in the fight. Alternate translation: “You are not our leader and have no right to judge us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
135	EXO	2	14	afne	figs-quotemarks	מִ֣י שָֽׂמְ⁠ךָ֞ לְ⁠אִ֨ישׁ שַׂ֤ר וְ⁠שֹׁפֵט֙ עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ הַ⁠לְ⁠הָרְגֵ֨⁠נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֖גְתָּ אֶת־הַ⁠מִּצְרִ֑י	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
136	EXO	2	14	k6s5	figs-irony	הַ⁠לְ⁠הָרְגֵ֨⁠נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֖גְתָּ אֶת־הַ⁠מִּצְרִ֑י	1	Are you planning to kill me as you killed that Egyptian?	The man used a question here to be sarcastic. Alternate translation: “We know that you killed an Egyptian yesterday. You had better not kill me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]
137	EXO	2	14	7qmk	figs-rquestion	הַ⁠לְ⁠הָרְגֵ֨⁠נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֖גְתָּ אֶת־הַ⁠מִּצְרִ֑י	1		The man asks a question that is intended to make a statement. Alternate translation: “Do you think you can kill me without anyone finding out? We know what you did to the Egyptian” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
138	EXO	2	14	d2ja		הַ⁠לְ⁠הָרְגֵ֨⁠נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר	1		“Are you planning to kill me” or “Are you threatening to kill me”
139	EXO	2	14	lyqh	figs-aside	אָכֵ֖ן נוֹדַ֥ע הַ⁠דָּבָֽר	1		It is likely this is something Moses said to himself, that is, he thought it to himself rather than speaking to the men in front of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]])
140	EXO	2	14	vfw5	figs-quotations	וַ⁠יֹּאמַ֔ר אָכֵ֖ן נוֹדַ֥ע הַ⁠דָּבָֽר	1		It may be clearer to present as an indirect quotation what was likely a thought Moses had. Alternative translation (as indirect quotation): “because he thought that everyone knew what he had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
141	EXO	2	15	yutr		וַ⁠יְבַקֵּ֖שׁ לַ⁠הֲרֹ֣ג אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֑ה	1		Pharaoh most likely delegated this task. Alternative translation: “and he sought to have Moses killed” (note that the passive form will not work in every language), see UST
142	EXO	2	15	l5rc	figs-metonymy	מִ⁠פְּנֵ֣י	1		His face means his presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
143	EXO	2	15	otsl		וַ⁠יֵּ֥שֶׁב…וַ⁠יֵּ֥שֶׁב	1		These are the same verb. There are three possible interpretations: 1. Moses lived in Midian. He sat by this well one day. This may have been the well for the town he lived in. 2. Moses lived in Midian. His home was by this well. 3. Moses was a wanderer. He was in Midian and sat by this well when the next event occurred.
144	EXO	2	16	shg5	writing-background	וּ⁠לְ⁠כֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת	1	Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters	This sentence is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
145	EXO	2	16	pjzc	writing-newevent	וּ⁠לְ⁠כֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת	1		This sentence is used to mark a transition. However, the last clause of the previous verse (“and he sat down by a well”) seems to be related to this new scene so you may want to make your transition there as is done in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
146	EXO	2	16	cfe5	writing-participants	שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת וַ⁠תָּבֹ֣אנָה	1		The daughters are new participants. Indicate that in a way that is natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
147	EXO	2	16	sm8f	figs-go	וַ⁠תָּבֹ֣אנָה	1		The perspective of the narrative is set at the well. The daughters came from elsewhere to the well. They were probably on foot. Here each language will need to choose the appropriate word. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
148	EXO	2	16	v5yk	figs-possession	וּ⁠לְ⁠כֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת	1		This is the possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
149	EXO	2	16	esdm	translate-numbers	שֶׁ֣בַע	1		7 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
150	EXO	2	16	i2jh		וַ⁠תִּדְלֶ֗נָה	1	drew water	This means that they brought up water from a well.
151	EXO	2	16	g1e6	translate-unknown	הָ֣⁠רְהָטִ֔ים	1	troughs	These were a long, narrow, open containers for animals to eat or drink out of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
152	EXO	2	16	p3uo	figs-possession	צֹ֥אן אֲבִי⁠הֶֽן	1		There are two possessives here: 1) their father is the possessive of social relationship; 2) the flock of … father is the possessive of ownership. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
153	EXO	2	17	k5yc	figs-go	וַ⁠יָּבֹ֥אוּ	1		A group of men came. They may not have been far away before coming and driving the women away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
154	EXO	2	17	zksv	writing-participants	הָ⁠רֹעִ֖ים	1		These are new, very brief, participants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
155	EXO	2	17	z17m	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	וַ⁠יָּ֤קָם	1	helped them	Use an expression that communicates that what Moses did was unexpected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
156	EXO	2	18	omzv	figs-go	וַ⁠תָּבֹ֕אנָה	1		The daughters came from the well to their father, probably on foot. You can use come or go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
157	EXO	2	18	7t7t	translate-names	רְעוּאֵ֖ל	1		Reuel, a name or perhaps a title, is used of the man only here and in Numbers 10:29. He is otherwise called “Jethro.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
158	EXO	2	18	95f3	writing-participants	רְעוּאֵ֖ל	1		The priest of Midian was mentioned in v. 16 in a background statement but is a new participant starting here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
159	EXO	2	18	tiqh	figs-possession	אֲבִי⁠הֶ֑ן	1		This is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
160	EXO	2	18	lukb	figs-quotations	וַ⁠יֹּ֕אמֶר מַדּ֛וּעַ מִהַרְתֶּ֥ן בֹּ֖א הַ⁠יּֽוֹם	1		This is a direct quote. You could use an indirect quotation such as “and he asked how they were able to return so quickly that day.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
161	EXO	2	18	44at	figs-go	בֹּ֖א	1		Alternative translation: “in returning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
162	EXO	2	19	r01g	figs-quotemarks	אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י הִצִּילָ֖⁠נוּ מִ⁠יַּ֣ד הָ⁠רֹעִ֑ים וְ⁠גַם־דָּלֹ֤ה דָלָה֙ לָ֔⁠נוּ וַ⁠יַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־הַ⁠צֹּֽאן	1		This is a direct quote. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
163	EXO	2	19	3g80		אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י	1		Jethro’s daughters assume Moses was Egyptian. When you translate it, you should be clear that this refers to Moses.
164	EXO	2	19	hvb4	​figs-metonymy	מִ⁠יַּ֣ד	1		Hand figuratively refers to the power, control, or actions of the shepherds. Alternative translation: “from the strength of” or “from the harm of” or see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
165	EXO	2	19	6gvb	figs-idiom	​דָּלֹ֤ה דָלָה֙	1		The repeated word expresses surprise or emphasizes the magnitude of Moses’ act of kindness to the women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
166	EXO	2	20	x73j	figs-possession	בְּנֹתָ֖י⁠ו	1		This is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
167	EXO	2	20	x9yb	figs-rquestion	וְ⁠אַיּ֑⁠וֹ לָ֤⁠מָּה זֶּה֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ן אֶת־הָ⁠אִ֔ישׁ	1	Why did you leave the man?	These questions are a mild rebuke to the daughters for not inviting Moses into their home according to the normal hospitality of that culture. Alternate translation: “You should not have left this man at the well!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
168	EXO	2	20	p6xh	figs-quotemarks	וְ⁠אַיּ֑⁠וֹ לָ֤⁠מָּה זֶּה֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ן אֶת־הָ⁠אִ֔ישׁ קִרְאֶ֥ן ל֖⁠וֹ וְ⁠יֹ֥אכַל לָֽחֶם׃	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
169	EXO	2	20	mb8w	writing-participants	ל֖⁠וֹ	1		Him refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
170	EXO	2	20	hal8	figs-synecdoche	לָֽחֶם	1		Bread is used to refer to food in general. Alternative translation: “food”(See: Synecdoche)
171	EXO	2	21	zvr1		וַ⁠יּ֥וֹאֶל מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָ⁠שֶׁ֣בֶת אֶת־הָ⁠אִ֑ישׁ	1	Moses agreed to stay with the man	“Moses agreed to live with Reuel”
172	EXO	2	21	y3q7	translate-names	צִפֹּרָ֥ה	1	Zipporah	Zipporah is Reuel’s (Jethro’s) daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
173	EXO	2	21	4j8b	figs-possession	בִתּ֖⁠וֹ	1		This is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
174	EXO	2	22	l3xg	figs-quotemarks	גֵּ֣ר הָיִ֔יתִי בְּ⁠אֶ֖רֶץ נָכְרִיָּֽה	1		Only this portion is a quotation. As a possibility for clarity, the UST includes both speech events as one quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
175	EXO	2	22	n5b1	translate-names	גֵּרְשֹׁ֑ם	1	Gershom	This is Moses’ son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
176	EXO	2	22	f76m	translate-names	גֵּרְשֹׁ֑ם	1		His name, Gershom, sounds somewhat like the Hebrew for “a stranger here.” You may consider using a footnote to explain that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
177	EXO	2	22	q7d8		גֵּ֣ר הָיִ֔יתִי בְּ⁠אֶ֖רֶץ נָכְרִיָּֽה	1	resident in a foreign land	“stranger in a foreign land”
178	EXO	2	23	fjkt	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יְהִי֩ בַ⁠יָּמִ֨ים הָֽ⁠רַבִּ֜ים הָ⁠הֵ֗ם	1		This introduces a new section and series of events. A large amount of time went by. According to Stephen’s sermon in Acts 7:30, Moses was in Midian 40 years. Alternative translation: “This is what happened during the many days Moses was in Midian.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
179	EXO	2	23	1kw0	writing-background	וַ⁠יְהִי֩ בַ⁠יָּמִ֨ים הָֽ⁠רַבִּ֜ים הָ⁠הֵ֗ם	1		Verses 23-25 give a summary of what happened in Egypt and with the Israelites and God while Moses was in exile. These verses give background information to set the scene. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
180	EXO	2	23	csg2		וַ⁠יֵּאָנְח֧וּ	1	groaned	They groaned because of their sorrow and misery. Alternate translation: “sighed deeply”
181	EXO	2	23	x84a	figs-personification	וַ⁠תַּ֧עַל שַׁוְעָתָ֛⁠ם	1	their pleas went up to God	The cries of the Israelites are spoken of as if they were a person and were able to travel up to where God is. Alternate translation: “and their cries arose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
182	EXO	2	24	sja4	figs-idiom	וַ⁠יִּזְכֹּ֤ר אֱלֹהִים֙	1	God called to mind his covenant	This was a customary way of saying that God thought about what He had promised. Alternate translation: “and God recalled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
183	EXO	3	intro	n6ze			0		Exodus 03 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter records one of the most important events in the history of the Israelite people: the revelation of the name Yahweh at the burning bush. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) Special concepts in this chapter God’s holiness God is so holy that people could not look upon him without dying. This is why Moses covered his eyes. It is also why he took off his shoes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Yahweh The name Yahweh is sacred in the Hebrew religion. It is the personal name of God, which he revealed to Moses. It is by this name that he is known. Yahweh means “I am.” Some translations use all capitals to set this apart, “I AM.” Great care must be taken in translating the phrase “I am that I am.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Participants “The angel of Yahweh,” “Yahweh,” and “God” all appear to be speaking to Moses and interacting with him from the burning bush. Furthermore, God says that his name is “I AM.” (See note above on Yahweh and I AM.) Yahweh and God are the same while there is speculation about who the angel of Yahweh is.
184	EXO	3	1	gqvh	writing-newevent	וּ⁠מֹשֶׁ֗ה הָיָ֥ה רֹעֶ֛ה	1		This phrase brings the story focus back to Midian and Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
185	EXO	3	1	oqcr	writing-background	וּ⁠מֹשֶׁ֗ה הָיָ֥ה רֹעֶ֛ה אֶת־צֹ֛אן יִתְר֥וֹ חֹתְנ֖⁠וֹ כֹּהֵ֣ן מִדְיָ֑ן וַ⁠יִּנְהַ֤ג אֶת־הַ⁠צֹּאן֙ אַחַ֣ר הַ⁠מִּדְבָּ֔ר וַ⁠יָּבֹ֛א אֶל־הַ֥ר הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֖ים חֹרֵֽבָ⁠ה׃	1		Verse 1 provides immediate background context, setting the scene for Moses’ interaction with Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
186	EXO	3	1	jv7b	figs-possession	צֹ֛אן יִתְר֥וֹ	1		This is an ownership possessive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
187	EXO	3	1	1p00	figs-possession	חֹתְנ֖⁠וֹ	1		This is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
188	EXO	3	1	l7x6	figs-possession	כֹּהֵ֣ן מִדְיָ֑ן	1		This is a possessive of social relationship. Jethro is a priest who serves the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
189	EXO	3	1	v97t	figs-go	וַ⁠יָּבֹ֛א אֶל	1		“and he arrived at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
190	EXO	3	1	p27s	figs-possession	הַ֥ר הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֖ים	1		This is an associative possessive. This mountain was associated with God in some way. In Exodus 3:12 God tells Moses that he and the Israelites will serve him on this mountain. Later in the story, this promise is fulfilled and it is where God makes his covenant with Israel and gives them the 10 Commandments. So it may have been called the mountain of God in retrospect (as Moses probably wrote this book sometime after the Israelites were wandering in the wilderness). However, it is possible that the mountain was already associated with God’s presence or worship somehow before Moses went there with the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
191	EXO	3	2	p0nt		וַ֠⁠יֵּרָא מַלְאַ֨ךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֵלָ֛י⁠ו בְּ⁠לַבַּת־אֵ֖שׁ מִ⁠תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠סְּנֶ֑ה	1		This is a summary of what happened. The next few verses tell the story of how this happened and how Moses discovered what was happening.
192	EXO	3	2	x5ci	​	​יְהֹוָ֥ה	1	Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
193	EXO	3	2	d3tf	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	וְ⁠הִנֵּ֤ה הַ⁠סְּנֶה֙ בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּ⁠אֵ֔שׁ וְ⁠הַ⁠סְּנֶ֖ה אֵינֶ֥⁠נּוּ אֻכָּֽל	1	behold	The word behold here shows that Moses saw something that was very different from what he expected. He expected the bush to be burnt up completely by the fire. Consider using an interjection in your language that expresses that the next thing is a surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
194	EXO	3	2	3bvb	figs-metonymy	אֻכָּֽל	1		Being consumed means being eaten completely until gone. In the case of fire, this is a metonym for burning completely until gone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
195	EXO	3	3	fpww	figs-quotemarks	אָסֻֽרָה־נָּ֣א וְ⁠אֶרְאֶ֔ה אֶת־הַ⁠מַּרְאֶ֥ה הַ⁠גָּדֹ֖ל הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה מַדּ֖וּעַ לֹא־יִבְעַ֥ר הַ⁠סְּנֶֽה	1		This is a direct quote. It’s not specified who Moses spoke to; he may have been alone or with a group of shepherds or his family. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
196	EXO	3	4	ue8v	writing-participants	יְהוָ֖ה… אֱלֹהִ֜ים	1		These terms both refer to the same being since God’s name is Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
197	EXO	3	5	60ah	figs-quotemarks	אַל־תִּקְרַ֣ב הֲלֹ֑ם שַׁל־נְעָלֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ מֵ⁠עַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔י⁠ךָ כִּ֣י הַ⁠מָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔י⁠ו אַדְמַת־קֹ֖דֶשׁ הֽוּא	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
198	EXO	3	5	prv9	grammar-connect-logic-result	כִּ֣י הַ⁠מָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔י⁠ו אַדְמַת־קֹ֖דֶשׁ הֽוּאכִּ֣י הַ⁠מָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔י⁠ו אַדְמַת־קֹ֖דֶשׁ הֽוּא	1	set apart	This is the reason Moses must stop coming close to the burning bush and take off his sandals. Your language may need to put the reason before the commands, as in, “The place on which you are standing, it is holy ground, so you must not come close to here. Take your sandals off from on your feet.”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
199	EXO	3	6	sxk8		אָנֹכִי֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אָבִ֔י⁠ךָ אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵ⁠אלֹהֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֑ב	1	the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob	All of these men worshiped the same God. Alternate translation: “the God of your father, of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob”
200	EXO	3	6	3qwa	figs-quotemarks	אָנֹכִי֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אָבִ֔י⁠ךָ אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵ⁠אלֹהֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֑ב	1		This a direct quotation. The UST continues the quotation from verse 5 rather than including an additional “he said.” This may be more natural in some languages. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
201	EXO	3	6	l5sy	​	אָבִ֔י⁠ךָ	1	your father	Possible meanings are (1) “your ancestor” or (2) “your father.” If it means “your ancestor,” then the phrases following it clarify who “your father” refers to: it refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. If it means “your father,” then it refers to Moses’s own father. It most cases it will be best to translate it as “your father,” i.e. Amram, Moses’s father.
202	EXO	3	6	lfbb	​grammar-connect-logic-result	וַ⁠יַּסְתֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ פָּנָ֔י⁠ו כִּ֣י יָרֵ֔א מֵ⁠הַבִּ֖יט אֶל־הָ⁠אֱלֹהִֽים	1		Reason: for he was afraid from staring toward God Result: And Moses hid his face Some languages may need to put the reason before the result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]] and Exodus 33:20)
203	EXO	3	7	nl33	figs-quotemarks	וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה	1		After this phrase a direct quote begins that continues through the end of verse 10. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
204	EXO	3	7	xoz0	figs-idiom	רָאֹ֥ה רָאִ֛יתִי	1		The repetition of see expresses the intensity, certainty, or clarity of Yahweh’s seeing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
205	EXO	3	7	tpk0	figs-possession	אֶת־עֳנִ֥י עַמִּ֖⁠י	1		There are two possessives here. 1) “affliction of … people”: This is an event-related possessive where the people are the objects of affliction. They are treated badly as slaves. 2) “my people”: This one is more difficult as it involves both ownership and the possessive of social relationship. God views his people as his possession, and he is also in relationship with them as their God because they are descended from Abraham, though at this time they may not know God as theirs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
206	EXO	3	7	p3tx	figs-metonymy	מִ⁠פְּנֵ֣י נֹֽגְשָׂ֔י⁠ו	1		Faces refers to the whole person or the presence of the person(s) who were oppressing the Israelites. If this image is used in your language, you may translate it. If a similar image is used, you may consider using it. If neither is the case, you may omit the word “face” and translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
207	EXO	3	7	xx7r		נֹֽגְשָׂ֔י⁠ו	1	taskmasters	“his oppressors”
208	EXO	3	7	ofxt		כִּ֥י	1		The conjunction is probably functioning modally here, intensifying the expression of Yahweh’s knowledge. Your translation should express Yahweh’s knowing with certainty or strength.
209	EXO	3	7	mfn2	figs-collectivenouns	נֹֽגְשָׂ֔י⁠ו…מַכְאֹבָֽי⁠ו	1		These pronouns, him and his, refer to the Israelites as a group in the singular. They agree with “people” as a collective noun in 3:6. Some languages may have to use plural pronouns. Others may have to match the pronoun’s gender to the grammatical gender of the word for “people” in their language. If necessary change “him” to “them” or change “his” to “hers” or “its” (depending on grammatical gender of “people”.) Alternate translation: “those who oppress them…their anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
210	EXO	3	7	hkcj	figs-possession	מַכְאֹבָֽי⁠ו	1		This is an event-related possessive where the people (as a group: his) are the subjects of anguish. Your translation should express that they are in deep mental and emotional distress (anguish). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
211	EXO	3	7	ui28	figs-explicit	מַכְאֹבָֽי⁠ו	1		It is implied that they are in deep mental and emotional distress (anguish) because they are treated badly as slaves. You may make this explicit. Alternate translation: “his anguish from his slavery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
212	EXO	3	8	9ia8	grammar-connect-logic-result	וָ⁠אֵרֵ֞ד לְ⁠הַצִּיל֣⁠וֹ׀ מִ⁠יַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֗יִם וּֽ⁠לְ⁠הַעֲלֹת⁠וֹ֮ מִן־הָ⁠אָ֣רֶץ הַ⁠הִוא֒ אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ טוֹבָה֙ וּ⁠רְחָבָ֔ה אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָ֑שׁ אֶל־מְק֤וֹם הַֽ⁠כְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְ⁠הַ֣⁠חִתִּ֔י וְ⁠הָֽ⁠אֱמֹרִי֙ וְ⁠הַ⁠פְּרִזִּ֔י וְ⁠הַ⁠חִוִּ֖י וְ⁠הַ⁠יְבוּסִֽי׃	1		Verse 8 contains God’s intended result from his acts of seeing and hearing, expressed in both verses 7 and 9. You may need to expressly mark this, for instance by introducing verse 8 with something like “therefore,” and verse 9 with something like “again, because.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
213	EXO	3	8	xy36	figs-go	וָ⁠אֵרֵ֞ד	1		God is figuratively expressing that he is descending from heaven to earth to intervene. God is always everywhere, but this means his special attention will be directed to this situation. Use whatever form of come or go is appropriate in your language for this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
214	EXO	3	8	nahb	figs-collectivenouns	לְ⁠הַצִּיל֣⁠וֹ…וּֽ⁠לְ⁠הַעֲלֹת⁠וֹ֮	1		Here, him refers in the singular to the Israelites as a group. It is agreeing with “people” as a collective noun in 3:6. Some languages may have to use plural pronouns. Others may have to match the pronoun’s gender to the grammatical gender of the word for “people” in their language. See what you did in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
215	EXO	3	8	8afv	figs-metaphor	מִ⁠יַּ֣ד	1		Someone’s hand is a common metaphor for power and control. Use a similar image if your language has one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
216	EXO	3	8	djbz	figs-possession	מִ⁠יַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֗יִם	1		This is a possessive where the Egyptians are the subject of the hand, which means power. The Egyptians used their power and control to oppress the Israelites. Use a phrase in your language that expresses the idea of a group of people having power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
217	EXO	3	8	mqyp	figs-parallelism	אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ טוֹבָה֙ וּ⁠רְחָבָ֔ה אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָ֑שׁ	1		There are multiple levels of parallelism here. First, the statements, to a good and wide land and to a land flowing with milk and honey are in parallel with each other. Within each of those, good and wide are in parallel with each other and also milk and honey are in parallel with each other. Each of these levels is meant to reinforce and expand on one another. These are not examples of synonymous parallelism, and each part of the statement should be translated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
218	EXO	3	8	37fp	figs-metonymy	חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָ֑שׁ	1		Here, milk is a metonym for domestic animals and the food products obtained from them; honey is a metonym for the food obtained from growing plants. See UST and the next note (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
219	EXO	3	8	pxy8	figs-metaphor	אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָ֑שׁ	1	a land flowing with milk and honey	God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. If this metaphor makes sense in your language, you may translate it, if your language has metaphors that mean a land is good for producing healthy livestock and good crops, you may consider using those. If neither is the case, you may translate the meaning. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
220	EXO	3	8	dtz9		​זָבַ֥ת	1	flowing with	“full of” or “with an abundance of”
221	EXO	3	8	q94i	figs-metonymy	חָלָ֖ב	1	milk	Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. Alternate translation: “food from livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
222	EXO	3	8	l1as	figs-metonymy	וּ⁠דְבָ֑שׁ	1	honey	Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
223	EXO	3	9	a2kf	grammar-connect-logic-result	וְ⁠עַתָּ֕ה	1		This functions as a discourse marker expressing logical conclusion. “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
224	EXO	3	9	tp2v	figs-exclamations	הִנֵּ֛ה	1		This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation, or you can use an alternate translation like “certainly.” ​(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
225	EXO	3	9	uup9	figs-personification	צַעֲקַ֥ת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּ֣אָה אֵלָ֑⁠י	1	the shouts of the people of Israel have come to me	Here, the cry is spoken of as if it were a person who is capable of moving on his own. Alternate translation: “I have heard the cries of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
226	EXO	3	9	gwou	figs-abstractnouns	רָאִ֨יתִי֙ אֶת־הַ⁠לַּ֔חַץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִצְרַ֖יִם לֹחֲצִ֥ים אֹתָֽ⁠ם	1		Here, oppression is an abstract noun which you could translate as a verb if you cannot use this form in your language. Alternate translation: “I have seen how the Egyptians are oppressing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
227	EXO	3	10	y4m1	grammar-connect-logic-result	וְ⁠עַתָּ֣ה	1		And now functions as a discourse marker expressing logical conclusion. “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
228	EXO	3	10	spwh	figs-quotemarks	מִ⁠מִּצְרָֽיִם	1		After this phrase, the direct quote of what the Yahweh said starting in 3:7 ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
229	EXO	3	11	y8cr	figs-rquestion	מִ֣י אָנֹ֔כִי כִּ֥י אֵלֵ֖ךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְ⁠כִ֥י אוֹצִ֛יא אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִ⁠מִּצְרָֽיִם	1	Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh…Egypt?	Moses uses this question to tell God that he, Moses, is not the right person for the task. Alternate translation: See UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
230	EXO	3	11	ax7w	figs-quotemarks	מִ֣י אָנֹ֔כִי כִּ֥י אֵלֵ֖ךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְ⁠כִ֥י אוֹצִ֛יא אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִ⁠מִּצְרָֽיִם	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
231	EXO	3	12	ykp3	figs-quotemarks	כִּֽי־אֶֽהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֔⁠ךְ וְ⁠זֶה־לְּ⁠ךָ֣ הָ⁠א֔וֹת כִּ֥י אָנֹכִ֖י שְׁלַחְתִּ֑י⁠ךָ בְּ⁠הוֹצִֽיאֲ⁠ךָ֤ אֶת־הָ⁠עָם֙ מִ⁠מִּצְרַ֔יִם תַּֽעַבְדוּ⁠ן֙ אֶת־הָ֣⁠אֱלֹהִ֔ים עַ֖ל הָ⁠הָ֥ר הַ⁠זֶּֽה	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
232	EXO	3	12	xugf	figs-youdual	תַּֽעַבְדוּ⁠ן֙	1		If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/​figs-youdual]])
233	EXO	3	13	8izv	figs-quotemarks	הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֣י בָא֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְ⁠אָמַרְתִּ֣י לָ⁠הֶ֔ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣⁠נִי אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם וְ⁠אָֽמְרוּ־לִ֣⁠י מַה־שְּׁמ֔⁠וֹ מָ֥ה אֹמַ֖ר אֲלֵ⁠הֶֽם	1		This is a direct quotation containing two second-level quotes within it. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
234	EXO	3	13	lqms	grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֣י בָא֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְ⁠אָמַרְתִּ֣י לָ⁠הֶ֔ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣⁠נִי אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם וְ⁠אָֽמְרוּ־לִ֣⁠י מַה־שְּׁמ֔⁠וֹ	1		Moses presents God with a hypothetical situation here. The three events (go, say, say) are part of one hypothetical event. You should translate this in a way that makes it clear that this is a future, not-yet-real event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
235	EXO	3	13	jq42		הִנֵּ֨ה	1		Behold is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. In this case, Moses uses it to introduce what he views as a probable future occurrence. Alternative translation: “Now”
236	EXO	3	13	0n81	figs-go	בָא֮	1		In your language, use go or “come” as makes most sense for Moses’ hypothetical action of going from the mountain to where the Israelites are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
237	EXO	3	13	m9uy	figs-quotesinquotes	אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣⁠נִי אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם	1		This is a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation inside a quotation. However, you may also choose to translate it as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “that the God of their fathers has sent me to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
238	EXO	3	13	vfsk	figs-quotemarks	מַה־שְּׁמ֔⁠וֹ	1		This is a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation inside a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
239	EXO	3	13	bkei	grammar-connect-logic-result	מָ֥ה אֹמַ֖ר אֲלֵ⁠הֶֽם	1		Moses is asking God what he should do as a result of the hypothetical situation he presented. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
240	EXO	3	14	cli8		אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה	1	God said to Moses, “I AM THAT I AM.”	This is God’s response to Moses’s question about God’s name. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “God said to Moses, ‘Tell them that God says his name is “I AM THAT I AM.”’”
241	EXO	3	14	b6vk		אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה	1	I AM THAT I AM	Possible meanings are (1) this whole sentence is God’s name or (2) God is not telling his name but something about himself. By saying this, God is teaching that he is eternal; he has always lived and always will live.
242	EXO	3	14	s62u		אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה…אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה…אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה	1	I AM	Languages that do not have an equivalent to the verb “am” may need to render this as “I LIVE” or “I EXIST.”
243	EXO	3	14	t745		וַ⁠יֹּ֗אמֶר	1		This is still God speaking. It may make more sense to omit this in some languages.
244	EXO	3	14	70ge	figs-quotesinquotes	אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה שְׁלָחַ֥⁠נִי אֲלֵי⁠כֶֽם	1		This is a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation inside a quotation. However, you may also choose to translate it as an indirect quotation as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
245	EXO	3	15	897b		וַ⁠יֹּאמֶר֩ ע֨וֹד אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה	1		As God is still speaking, it may make more sense to omit this in some languages.
246	EXO	3	15	7aoa	figs-quotemarks	אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה	1		After this phrase, a direct quotation begins that continues until the end of chapter 3 at verse 22. This quotation contains four levels as God tells Moses to tell the Israelite elders a specific message from God. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
247	EXO	3	15	l962	figs-quotesinquotes	יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֗ם אֱלֹהֵ֨י אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֛ק וֵ⁠אלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹ֖ב שְׁלָחַ֣⁠נִי אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם זֶה־שְּׁמִ֣⁠י לְ⁠עֹלָ֔ם וְ⁠זֶ֥ה זִכְרִ֖⁠י לְ⁠דֹ֥ר דֹּֽר	1		This is a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation. It may be possible to translate it as an indirect quotation, but you will need to be careful to correctly change the pronoun persons. Alternative translation: “You must tell the Israelites that Yahweh, the God of their fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, sent you to them. This is his name forever, and this is his memorial from generation to generation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
248	EXO	3	15	ixcb	figs-merism	לְ⁠דֹ֥ר דֹּֽר	1		The repetition of generation means something like “to each and every generation,” which means for all people at all times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
249	EXO	3	16	ec3v	figs-quotemarks	יְהוָ֞ה	1	General Information:	This begins a second-level quotation that continues until the end of verse 17. It contains a third-level quotation that begins at “I have certainly” and also continues to the end of verse 17. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation. The closing marks for both the second and third-level quotations should not occur until the end of verse 17. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
250	EXO	3	16	xqy9		אַבְרָהָ֛ם יִצְחָ֥ק וְ⁠יַעֲקֹ֖ב	1	the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob	Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were three of the Israelites’ ancestors. They all worshiped the same God.
251	EXO	3	16	dvsz	figs-quotemarks	פָּקֹ֤ד פָּקַ֨דְתִּי֙	1		This begins a third-level quotation that continues until the end of verse 17. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening third-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation that is within a quotation. The closing marks for both the second-level and third-level quotations should not occur until the end of verse 17. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
252	EXO	3	16	efhh	figs-idiom	פָּקֹ֤ד פָּקַ֨דְתִּי֙	1		The Hebrew word meaning attended, visited, or observed is repeated here for emphasis. This word often means God is coming to take action. Translate this phrase in a way that communicates God’s focused, caring observation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
253	EXO	3	16	fv77	figs-youdual	אֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם	1	I have indeed observed you	The word you refers to the people of Israel. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
254	EXO	3	16	55jm	figs-activepassive	הֶ⁠עָשׂ֥וּי	1		In some languages you may not be able to translate this in the passive form. Alternative translation: see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
255	EXO	3	16	4vgc	figs-metonymy	בְּ⁠מִצְרָֽיִם	1		The phrase in Egypt is a metonym for the Egyptian oppressors. Alternative translation: “by the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
256	EXO	3	17	c54k	figs-quotesinquotes	אַעֲלֶ֣ה אֶתְ⁠כֶם֮ מֵ⁠עֳנִ֣י מִצְרַיִם֒ אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ הַֽ⁠כְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְ⁠הַ֣⁠חִתִּ֔י וְ⁠הָֽ⁠אֱמֹרִי֙ וְ⁠הַ⁠פְּרִזִּ֔י וְ⁠הַ⁠חִוִּ֖י וְ⁠הַ⁠יְבוּסִ֑י אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָֽשׁ	1		This is a fourth-level quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer three levels. Alternatively, it can be translated as an indirect quotation, see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
257	EXO	3	17	eloj	figs-quotemarks	וּ⁠דְבָֽשׁ	1		If you are using direct quotations, at the end of this verse you should have three closing markers. In English, it looks like ’ ” ’ (without spaces). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
258	EXO	3	17	r8mg	figs-idiom	אַעֲלֶ֣ה	1		Regardless of the geographic realities, to bring up does not primarily have a literal meaning. Rather, it means to bring the Israelites into a better situation. God promised to bring them up from their low status as slaves to a place where they would be the masters of a good land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
259	EXO	3	17	wyvt	figs-metonymy	חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָֽשׁ	1		Here, milk is a metonym for domestic animals and the food products obtained from them; honey is a metonym for the food obtained from growing plants. See UST and the next note (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
260	EXO	3	17	pwn5	figs-metaphor	​אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָֽשׁ	1	a land flowing with milk and honey	God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in Exodus 3:8 at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/03/08/pxy8]]. Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” or “a land where milk and honey flow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
261	EXO	3	17	za9l		זָבַ֥ת	1	flowing with	“full of” or “with an abundance of”
262	EXO	3	17	rtr5	figs-metonymy	​חָלָ֖ב	1	milk	Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. Alternate translation: “food from livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
263	EXO	3	17	msf8	figs-metonymy	​וּ⁠דְבָֽשׁ	1	honey	Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
264	EXO	3	18	cy2z	figs-idiom	וְ⁠שָׁמְע֖וּ	1		Listen often means “hear and do/obey.” Alternative translation: “heed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
265	EXO	3	18	j24k	writing-participants	לְ⁠קֹלֶ֑⁠ךָ…אַתָּה֩	1	They will listen to you	The word you refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
266	EXO	3	18	9na8	figs-synecdoche	לְ⁠קֹלֶ֑⁠ךָ	1		This phrase means the elders will listen to the message Moses brings from God. Alternative translation: “to your message” or “to my message which you tell them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
267	EXO	3	18	r74o	figs-possession	וְ⁠זִקְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל	1		This is a possessive of social relationship. Alternative translation: “elders in charge of the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
268	EXO	3	18	eep7	figs-collectivenouns	יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל	1		Israel is a collective noun that refers to all the Israelites. Alternative translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
269	EXO	3	18	ot9r	figs-metonymy	מִצְרַ֗יִם	1		Here, Egypt refers to the Egyptian nation. Alternate translation: “of the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
270	EXO	3	18	idp7	figs-youdual	וַ⁠אֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם	1	General Information:	If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
271	EXO	3	18	i47o	figs-exclusive	עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ…נֵֽלֲכָה…וְ⁠נִזְבְּחָ֖ה	1		These instances of us are exclusive; they include Moses, the elders, and all the Israelites, but exclude the king of Egypt. If your language makes this distinction, verify that you used the correct form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
272	EXO	3	18	4eal	translate-numbers	שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת	1		“3” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
273	EXO	3	19	qf46	figs-metonymy	​וְ⁠לֹ֖א בְּ⁠יָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה	1	unless his hand is forced	The word hand is a metonym for the power of the owner of the hand. Possible meanings are (1) “only if he sees that he has no power to do anything else,” where the “hand” belongs to Pharaoh; where the “hand” belongs to Yahweh, (2) “only if I force him to let you go” or (3) “not even if I force him to let you go.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]
274	EXO	3	20	nuzx	grammar-connect-logic-result	וְ⁠שָׁלַחְתִּ֤י	1		God says this will be a result of the king of Egypt’s stubbornness. Alternate translation: “Therefore I will send out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
275	EXO	3	20	yds5	figs-metonymy	וְ⁠שָׁלַחְתִּ֤י אֶת־יָדִ⁠י֙	1	I will reach out with my hand and attack	Here, hand refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “I will use my strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
276	EXO	3	20	dzsp	figs-metonymy	מִצְרַ֔יִם	1		Egypt refers to both the land and the people group, and then, by extension, to Pharaoh as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
277	EXO	3	20	c9a3		מִצְרַ֔יִם…בְּ⁠קִרְבּ֑⁠וֹ	1		Here, him refers to Egypt as a collective.
278	EXO	3	20	6dw3	grammar-connect-time-sequential	וְ⁠אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן	1		Here the sequential nature of these happenings is emphasized. Consider using a stronger sequential connective term than usual here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
279	EXO	3	20	ay53	writing-participants	יְשַׁלַּ֥ח	1		Here, he refers to the Pharaoh, the king of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
280	EXO	3	20	awxs	figs-youdual	אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם	1		Here, you refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
281	EXO	3	21	btwc	figs-idiom	חֵ֥ן…בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם	1		In the eyes of the Egyptians is an idiom for the Egyptian’s feelings. Favor means those feelings are positive. Taken together, this means that when the Egyptians see the Israelites (Hebrews) leaving Egypt, they will gladly help them (because they want them to leave so badly due to the Egyptians suffering under God’s judgement). If your language has the same or a similar idiom, you can translate or use it. Otherwise, you can translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
282	EXO	3	21	82wf	figs-possession	בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם	1		This is a part-whole possessive. Also, if your language uses a specific form of the possessive for things one cannot lose, it would be appropriate to use that form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
283	EXO	3	21	s45u		הָֽ⁠עָם־הַ⁠זֶּ֖ה	1		“you”
284	EXO	3	21	uz3c	figs-youdual	תֵֽלֵכ֔וּ⁠ן…תֵלְכ֖וּ	1		If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
285	EXO	3	21	19sl	figs-go	תֵֽלֵכ֔וּ⁠ן…תֵלְכ֖וּ	1		“leave” or “go out” or “come out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
286	EXO	3	21	89u7	figs-doublenegatives	לֹ֥א …רֵיקָֽם	1		The double negative, not … emptily is used to mean “full.” Alternate translation: “[go] with many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
287	EXO	3	21	kt7b	figs-litotes	לֹ֥א תֵלְכ֖וּ רֵיקָֽם	1	will not go empty-handed	This phrase is used to emphasize the opposite meaning. Alternate translation: “you will go with your hands full of good things” or “you will go with many valuable things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
288	EXO	3	22	w2av		וּ⁠מִ⁠גָּרַ֣ת בֵּיתָ֔⁠הּ	1	any women staying in her neighbors’ houses	Sojourning means living somewhere other than one’s native land, usually temporarily. It is unclear both who the sojourning (visiting) women are and in whose house they are sojourning, leaving several possibilities. Most translations that make a decision about who they are identify both the temporary resident and her host home as Egyptian. This makes sense as the Israelites will be plundering the Egyptians. If it is possible to leave this ambiguous in your translation, that would be best.
289	EXO	3	22	474q	figs-youdual	וְ⁠שַׂמְתֶּ֗ם עַל־בְּנֵי⁠כֶם֙ וְ⁠עַל־בְּנֹ֣תֵי⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠נִצַּלְתֶּ֖ם	1		Each of these is a plural you. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
290	EXO	3	22	h38j	figs-quotemarks	מִצְרָֽיִם	1		After this phrase, the direct quote of Yahweh’s word starting in verse 15 ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
291	EXO	4	intro	kap5			0		Exodus 04 General Notes Potential Translation Issues Quotations There is a difficult transition between 4:4 and 4:5 because the quotation stops in the middle to inject a bit of narrative. When it resumes in 4:5, the sentence seems incomplete (even if merged directly with the quotation fragment in 4:4). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])* Yahweh’s instructions to Moses are complex and there are up to four levels of quotations in this chapter. Translators will need to decide if some of these need to become indirect quotations (if that is possible in their language) and take great care to use the proper quotation markings in the proper location. Order of events The order of events is not always clear. In 4:14 Yahweh tells Moses that Aaron is coming to meet him, but Yahweh telling Aaron to go meet Moses in the wilderness is not recorded until 4:27. The timing of the events in 4:18-4:27, especially verse 18-19 and 27, in relation to the rest of the events of the chapter is unclear. Thus says Yahweh The first of over 400 occurrences throughout the Old Testament of a standard phrase used to introduce direct, authoritative instruction from Yahweh occurs in 4:22. It occurs ten times in the book of Exodus; nine of these are between chapters 4–11. It would be good for your team to have a standard way to translate this that makes it clear that the words that come next are directly from God. If your language has a standard way of introducing a new message from your leader that alerts the hearers that these are the words of the leader, that would be a good phrase to consider. Yahweh’s attempt to kill someone The encounter recorded from 4:24 to 4:26 is one of the strangest and most difficult passages in the entire book. Difficulties include: To whom do the pronouns refer? Masculine pronouns are used throughout the section, but there are two possible antecedents, Moses (who is not named in the narrative) and Zipporah’s son (who was presumably also Moses’ son, but this is how he is referred to in this text. For why, see below on why Yahweh did this). Most commentators believe the pronouns refer to Moses. Circumcision is described in fairly graphic detail. Different cultures will need to approach this differently. Some may have terms for circumcision, while others may be comfortable translating mostly literally, and others will need to use euphemisms or other strategies to translate. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])* The meaning of the phrase a bridegroom of blood (ULT) is unknown. Why did Yahweh attack Moses? Many commentators conclude that Moses had neglected to circumcise one of his sons because it displeased Zipporah, and Yahweh was holding Moses responsible before he returned to lead the Israelites (who should have been circumcised). When Zipporah repented by circumcising the son herself and touching the foreskin to Moses’ feet, Yahweh relents. These conclusions should help inform translation but should not be made explicit in the text. Study concepts in this chapter Moses does not understand Although Moses believes in Yahweh, he does not trust in him. This is because Moses lacks understanding. Moses tries to believe the things he is asked to do are done by his own power. Yahweh is trying to get Moses to trust that these things are Yahweh’s doing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) Children of God This chapter introduces the concept that Israel, the people group, is the chosen people of God and God’s firstborn son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstborn]]) Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart Scholars are divided over how to understand this statement. There is debate over whether Pharaoh plays an active or passive role in the hardening of his own heart. Translators should simply follow the text. In Exodus 4-14 there are ten statements that Yahweh hardens Pharaoh’s heart, and ten statements that Pharaoh hardens his own heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
292	EXO	4	1	j4yg		וַ⁠יַּ֤עַן מֹשֶׁה֙ וַ⁠יֹּ֔אמֶר	1	if they do not believe	Here, answered and said is a Hebrew expression which does not convey any extra information. Unless your language naturally uses a similar structure, it is better to translate one verb and omit the other. Alternate translation: “Moses answered”
293	EXO	4	1	b3xv	figs-quotemarks	וְ⁠הֵן֙ לֹֽא־יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ לִ֔⁠י וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִשְׁמְע֖וּ בְּ⁠קֹלִ֑⁠י כִּ֣י יֹֽאמְר֔וּ לֹֽא־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֖י⁠ךָ יְהוָֽה	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
294	EXO	4	1	neto	figs-quotesinquotes	לֹֽא־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֖י⁠ךָ יְהוָֽה	1		This is a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. However, you could translate it as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh has not appeared to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
295	EXO	4	1	327j		וְ⁠הֵן֙	1		This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation, or you can use an alternate translation like “Listen to me.”
296	EXO	4	2	87dl	writing-participants	אֵלָ֛י⁠ו…וַ⁠יֹּ֖אמֶר	1		“Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
297	EXO	4	2	r3f9	figs-quotemarks	מ⁠זה בְ⁠יָדֶ֑⁠ךָ	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
298	EXO	4	2	p8sg	figs-quotemarks	מַטֶּֽה	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
299	EXO	4	3	jgir	figs-quotemarks	הַשְׁלִיכֵ֣⁠הוּ אַ֔רְצָ⁠ה	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
300	EXO	4	3	zycd	figs-metonymy	מִ⁠פָּנָֽי⁠ו	1		Here, “face” figuratively represents the snake itself. Alternative translation: “from the snake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
301	EXO	4	4	g6bk		וֶ⁠אֱחֹ֖ז בִּ⁠זְנָב֑⁠וֹ	1	take it by the tail	“and pick it up by the tail” or “and grasp it by the tail”
302	EXO	4	4	mqpc	figs-quotemarks	שְׁלַח֙ יָֽדְ⁠ךָ֔ וֶ⁠אֱחֹ֖ז בִּ⁠זְנָב֑⁠וֹ	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
303	EXO	4	4	bzmp	grammar-connect-time-sequential	שְׁלַח֙ יָֽדְ⁠ךָ֔ וֶ⁠אֱחֹ֖ז בִּ⁠זְנָב֑⁠וֹ	1		This direct quotation is interrupted by Moses obeying Yahweh. This is probably a tightly ordered sequence of events where Yahweh paused and then continued speaking immediately after Moses obeyed. The quote resumes in verse 5 and there is more discussion there about how to handle the resumption.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
304	EXO	4	4	m86n		וַ⁠יְהִ֥י לְ⁠מַטֶּ֖ה	1	became a staff	“and it turned into a rod” or “and it changed into a staff”
305	EXO	4	5	l4tn	figs-quotemarks	לְמַ֣עַן יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֛י⁠ךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑⁠ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵ⁠אלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב	1		This continues the direct quotation from the first part of verse 4. It may be more natural to reorganize verses four and five to keep the quote together. If you rearrange like this, Moses picking up the snake/staff should come after the full quotation. However, it is better to do something similar to the UST, which restates that Yahweh is speaking and provides some implied directives from Yahweh to make a complete sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
306	EXO	4	5	m4fk	figs-ellipsis	לְמַ֣עַן יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֛י⁠ךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑⁠ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵ⁠אלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב	1		This quote is not a complete sentence; the UST provides a clarification. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
307	EXO	4	5	9iok	writing-participants	יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ…אֲבֹתָ֑⁠ם	1		These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders; if you make this participant explicit, elders is a better option. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
308	EXO	4	5	oqi5	writing-participants	אֵלֶ֛י⁠ךָ	1		This refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
309	EXO	4	5	jr8m		אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑⁠ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵ⁠אלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב	1	the God of their ancestors, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob	Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were three of their ancestors. They all worshiped the same God.
310	EXO	4	6	0hre	figs-quotemarks	הָֽבֵא־נָ֤א יָֽדְ⁠ךָ֙ בְּ⁠חֵיקֶ֔⁠ךָ	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
311	EXO	4	6	ep52	figs-exclamations	וְ⁠הִנֵּ֥ה	1	behold	This word is used to create an exclamation, showing surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
312	EXO	4	6	pw7g	figs-simile	כַּ⁠שָּֽׁלֶג	1	as white as snow	The word like (ULT) or “as” (UST) here is used to compare how Moses’ hand looked. You may not have a word for snow in your language. If so, consider an alternative that describes something very white. You may need to make the whiteness explicit. Alternate translation: “like wool” or “that made it look white like the sand on the beach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
313	EXO	4	7	kv9r	figs-quotemarks	הָשֵׁ֤ב יָֽדְ⁠ךָ֙ אֶל־חֵיקֶ֔⁠ךָ	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
314	EXO	4	7	prr9	figs-exclamations	וְ⁠הִנֵּה	1		This word is used to create an exclamation, showing surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
315	EXO	4	8	q9qb	figs-exclamations	וְ⁠הָיָה֙	1		Yahweh’s speech resumes here and continues through the end of verse 9. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
316	EXO	4	8	well	figs-personification	וְ⁠לֹ֣א יִשְׁמְע֔וּ לְ⁠קֹ֖ל הָ⁠אֹ֣ת הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן וְ⁠הֶֽאֱמִ֔ינוּ לְ⁠קֹ֖ל הָ⁠אֹ֥ת הָ⁠אַחֲרֽוֹן	1		Here the signs are spoken of as if they had a voice with which they could speak. If this imagery would not make sense in your language you may need to translate this in a way that makes explicit that the signs are meant to be proof that God sent Moses. Alternative translation: “and are not convinced that God has appeared to you by seeing the first sign, then they will be convinced by seeing the second sign.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
317	EXO	4	8	gxlg	writing-participants	יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ…יִשְׁמְע֔וּ…וְ⁠הֶֽאֱמִ֔ינוּ	1		These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders; if you make this participant explicit, elders is the better option, but be sure to do the same as you did in verse 5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
318	EXO	4	8	lsb3		לֹ֣א יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ…וְ⁠הֶֽאֱמִ֔ינוּ	1	pay attention	“they do not acknowledge… then they will acknowledge” or “they do not accept… then they will accept”
319	EXO	4	9	q82r	writing-participants	יַאֲמִ֡ינוּ…יִשְׁמְעוּ⁠ן֙	1		These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders; if you make this participant explicit, elders is the better option, but be sure to do the same as you did in verse 5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
320	EXO	4	9	2hna	figs-quotemarks	וְ⁠הָי֥וּ לְ⁠דָ֖ם בַּ⁠יַּבָּֽשֶׁת	1		After this phrase, the direct quote of Yahweh’s speech from the previous verse ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
321	EXO	4	10	aazp	figs-quotemarks	בִּ֣י אֲדֹנָ⁠י֒ לֹא֩ אִ֨ישׁ דְּבָרִ֜ים אָנֹ֗כִי גַּ֤ם מִ⁠תְּמוֹל֙ גַּ֣ם מִ⁠שִּׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּ֛ם מֵ⁠אָ֥ז דַּבֶּרְ⁠ךָ אֶל־עַבְדֶּ֑⁠ךָ כִּ֧י כְבַד־פֶּ֛ה וּ⁠כְבַ֥ד לָשׁ֖וֹן אָנֹֽכִי	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
322	EXO	4	10	t8i9		בִּ֣י	1		This word is used by a speaker to beg a superior to allow him to speak. Alternate translation: “Please”
323	EXO	4	10	w12a		לֹא֩ אִ֨ישׁ דְּבָרִ֜ים אָנֹ֗כִי גַּ֤ם מִ⁠תְּמוֹל֙ גַּ֣ם מִ⁠שִּׁלְשֹׁ֔ם	1	have never been eloquent	“I have never been an excellent speaker”
324	EXO	4	10	opes		אִ֨ישׁ דְּבָרִ֜ים	1		This expression means “a man who uses words well,” in other words, an eloquent man who can speak well and convincingly.
325	EXO	4	10	pk0l	figs-merism	גַּ֤ם מִ⁠תְּמוֹל֙ גַּ֣ם מִ⁠שִּׁלְשֹׁ֔ם	1		This phrase simply means “in the past.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
326	EXO	4	10	wsl4	figs-123person	עַבְדֶּ֑⁠ךָ	1		Moses refers to himself as God’s servant to lower his status before God (and perhaps by doing so to make his argument of inability stronger). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
327	EXO	4	10	bv64	figs-doublet	כְבַד־פֶּ֛ה וּ⁠כְבַ֥ד לָשׁ֖וֹן	1	I am slow of speech and slow of tongue	These phrases mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize that he is not a good speaker. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
328	EXO	4	10	zm3y	figs-metonymy	לָשׁ֖וֹן	1	slow of tongue	Here, tongue refers to Moses’ ability to speak. Alternate translation: “speech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
329	EXO	4	11	xpgf	figs-quotemarks	וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלָ֗י⁠ו	1		After this phrase, a direct quote begins which continues to the end of the next verse. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
330	EXO	4	11	ks2m	figs-rquestion	מִ֣י שָׂ֣ם פֶּה֮ לָֽ⁠אָדָם֒	1	Who is it who made man’s mouth?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the Creator who makes it possible for people to speak. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am the one who created the human mouth and the ability to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
331	EXO	4	11	e1y6	figs-rquestion	מִֽי־יָשׂ֣וּם אִלֵּ֔ם א֣וֹ חֵרֵ֔שׁ א֥וֹ פִקֵּ֖חַ א֣וֹ עִוֵּ֑ר	1	Who makes a man mute or deaf or seeing or blind?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who decides if people can speak and hear, and if they can see. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, make people able to speak, or hear, or to see, or to be blind!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
332	EXO	4	11	uq7j	figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠לֹ֥א אָנֹכִ֖י יְהוָֽה	1	Is it not I, Yahweh?	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he alone makes these decisions. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am the one who does this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
333	EXO	4	12	kkr1	figs-metonymy	וְ⁠אָנֹכִי֙ אֶֽהְיֶ֣ה עִם־פִּ֔י⁠ךָ	1	I will be with your mouth	Here, mouth refers to Moses’ ability to speak. Alternate translation: “I will give you the ability to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
334	EXO	4	12	5dxg	figs-quotemarks	תְּדַבֵּֽר	1		After this phrase, the direct quote from the previous verse ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
335	EXO	4	13	zy9m	figs-quotemarks	בִּ֣י אֲדֹנָ֑⁠י שְֽׁלַֽח־נָ֖א בְּ⁠יַד־תִּשְׁלָֽח	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
336	EXO	4	13	brer		בִּ֣י	1		This word is used by a speaker to beg a superior to allow him to speak. See what you did in verse 10. Alternate translation: “Please”
337	EXO	4	13	s8nl		שְֽׁלַֽח־נָ֖א בְּ⁠יַד־תִּשְׁלָֽח	1		In translating this phrase, it is important to make clear that Moses is asking Yahweh to send someone else. Here he is not accepting Yahweh’s commission.
338	EXO	4	13	8ta6	figs-synecdoche	בְּ⁠יַד	1		This phrase means “by a person.” The figure is of a person taking Yahweh’s message in his hand to the Israelites and Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
339	EXO	4	14	uy2v	figs-idiom	וַ⁠יִּֽחַר־אַ֨ף יְהוָ֜ה	1		This is an idiom meaning that Yahweh is angry. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became angry” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)
340	EXO	4	14	ifax	writing-participants	וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר֙	1		“and Yahweh said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
341	EXO	4	14	zn40	figs-quotemarks	בְּ⁠מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר֙	1		After this phrase a direct quote begins which continues until the end of verse 17. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
342	EXO	4	14	okko	figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠לֹ֨א אַהֲרֹ֤ן אָחִ֨י⁠ךָ֙ הַ⁠לֵּוִ֔י	1		Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to suggest an alternative to Moses. Alternative translation: “I know you have a brother, Aaron the Levite.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
343	EXO	4	14	e0js	figs-kinship	אָחִ֨י⁠ךָ֙	1		His brother Aaron was three years older than Moses (see Exodus 7:7), which may be important for translating “brother” in some languages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-kinship]])
344	EXO	4	14	y5ed	figs-idiom	דַבֵּ֥ר יְדַבֵּ֖ר	1		In Hebrew, the word speak is repeated. This means he speaks well. English cannot convey this by doubling, so the meaning of the repetition was translated in the ULT in this case. If your language can say something like “speaking speaks” to mean “speaks well,” consider it; otherwise, translate the meaning similarly to the ULT or UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
345	EXO	4	14	8q64		הִנֵּה	1		Behold is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. If your language has a term that functions in that way (“Listen!” or “Look!” or “Pay Attention!”), use it here.
346	EXO	4	14	ettp	figs-go	יֹצֵ֣א	1		Yahweh says Aaron is coming from Egypt to Midian to find Moses. He is probably on foot. Depending on the language, the required form of go or come may vary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
347	EXO	4	14	8kn8	grammar-connect-logic-result	וְ⁠שָׂמַ֥ח	1		Aaron will be glad because he sees Moses. Consider a conjunction or other form that expresses result as in the UST or alternative translation: “and because he sees you, he will have joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
348	EXO	4	14	ew4h	figs-metonymy	בְּ⁠לִבּֽ⁠וֹ	1	he will be glad in his heart	Here, heart refers to inner thoughts and emotions. If the heart is not a body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s thoughts and emotions, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
349	EXO	4	15	u97f	figs-metaphor	הַ⁠דְּבָרִ֖ים	1	put the words to say into his mouth	Words here are spoken of as if they were something that can be physically placed in a person’s mouth. Alternate translation: “the message that he is to repeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
350	EXO	4	15	q9cf	figs-metonymy	וְ⁠אָנֹכִ֗י אֶֽהְיֶ֤ה עִם־פִּ֨י⁠ךָ֙ וְ⁠עִם־פִּ֔י⁠הוּ	1	I will be with your mouth	The word mouth here represents Moses’ and Aaron’s choice of words. Alternate translation: “And I will be with you as you speak and with him as he speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
351	EXO	4	15	v57x	figs-youdual	אֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם…תַּעֲשֽׂוּ⁠ן	1	with his mouth	These refer to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual form if you have one or, if not, use a plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
352	EXO	4	16	mnsp	figs-simile	לְ⁠פֶ֔ה	1		This phrase compares Aaron to a mouth because he will be the one to actually vocalize to the Israelites and Pharaoh what Moses tells him to say. Alternate translation: “the one to say what you tell him to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
353	EXO	4	16	gn5v	figs-simile	תִּֽהְיֶה־לּ֥⁠וֹ לֵֽ⁠אלֹהִֽים	1	you will be to him like me, God	The word like here means Moses would represent the same authority to Aaron as God did to Moses. Alternate translation: “you will speak to Aaron with the same authority with which I speak to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
354	EXO	4	17	0h45	figs-quotemarks	תַּעֲשֶׂה־בּ֖⁠וֹ אֶת־הָ⁠אֹתֹֽת	1		After this phrase, the direct quote of Yahweh ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
355	EXO	4	17	6brk	figs-explicit	הַ⁠מַּטֶּ֥ה הַ⁠זֶּ֖ה	1		Yahweh assumes that Moses will know that by this staff, he means the one that Moses said he had in his hand in v. 2, and with which God told him to do a miracle in vv. 3–4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
356	EXO	4	18	j2ix	writing-participants	יֶ֣תֶר	1		Jethro is reintroduced as a participant in the narrative here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
357	EXO	4	18	cbop	figs-go	וַ⁠יֵּ֨לֶךְ	1		Because the setting has shifted back to Jethro’s home, some languages may need to use “come” here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
358	EXO	4	18	b6mf	figs-kinship	חֹֽתְנ֗⁠וֹ	1	father-in-law	This refers to the father of Moses’ wife. Some languages may use a different term for the husband’s or wife’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-kinship]])
359	EXO	4	18	wlit	writing-participants	וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר	1		“and Moses said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
360	EXO	4	18	7zke	writing-participants	ל⁠וֹ֙	1		“to Jethro” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
361	EXO	4	18	uvqk	figs-quotemarks	אֵ֣לֲכָה נָּ֗א וְ⁠אָשׁ֨וּבָה֙ אֶל־אַחַ֣⁠י אֲשֶׁר־בְּ⁠מִצְרַ֔יִם וְ⁠אֶרְאֶ֖ה הַ⁠עוֹדָ֣⁠ם חַיִּ֑ים	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
362	EXO	4	18	67yz	figs-metonymy	אַחַ֣⁠י	1		“my relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
363	EXO	4	18	gq2g	figs-idiom	וְ⁠אֶרְאֶ֖ה הַ⁠עוֹדָ֣⁠ם	1		Later in the Bible we are told that Moses was in Midian for 40 years. Moses’ request may have been literal or an idiom that meant he wanted to know how they were doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
364	EXO	4	18	yay3	figs-explicit	לֵ֥ךְ לְ⁠שָׁלֽוֹם	1		This is a phrase of assent and blessing. It may be necessary for some languages to explicitly add, “Yes,” to the beginning of Jethro’s response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
365	EXO	4	18	i807	figs-quotemarks	לֵ֥ךְ לְ⁠שָׁלֽוֹם	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
366	EXO	4	19	wwr8	grammar-connect-time-sequential	וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙	1		The timing and situation for Yahweh speaking to Moses here is not specified. Some conjecture that it was part of the narrative of the encounter with Yahweh from the previous verses but placed after his request to Jethro for an unknown reason. Another speculation is that Moses delayed returning to Egypt (either by his own choice, Yahweh’s instructions, or someone else delaying him) and Yahweh came and told him again (the UST explicitly offers this optional translation). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
367	EXO	4	19	aosm	figs-quotemarks	לֵ֖ךְ שֻׁ֣ב מִצְרָ֑יִם כִּי־מֵ֨תוּ֙ כָּל־הָ֣⁠אֲנָשִׁ֔ים הַֽ⁠מְבַקְשִׁ֖ים אֶת־נַפְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
368	EXO	4	19	clfj		הַֽ⁠מְבַקְשִׁ֖ים אֶת־נַפְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ	1		This means they were seeking to end his life, that is, to kill him. Alternate translation: see UST.
369	EXO	4	20	fua6	writing-participants	בָּנָ֗י⁠ו	1		Moses’ second son is not introduced until 18:4 but had already been born before they left Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
370	EXO	4	20	zi5m	writing-participants	וַ⁠יָּ֖שָׁב אַ֣רְצָ⁠ה מִצְרָ֑יִם	1		It is clear from verse 24 and 25 that his family went with him, so you may need to translate as “they returned.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
371	EXO	4	20	47k5	grammar-connect-time-sequential	וַ⁠יָּ֖שָׁב אַ֣רְצָ⁠ה מִצְרָ֑יִם	1		After the incident on the road in verses 24-26, Moses’ family is not mentioned again until 18:2 which says that Moses sent them back, so a translation similar to the UST which only commits to the family starting on the way to Egypt may be better. This option has the further benefit of allowing for the several events that happen before Moses gets to Egypt. The ULT’s “towards” is another way of giving space in the translation for the next several events. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
372	EXO	4	20	768n	figs-explicit	מַטֵּ֥ה הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֖ים	1		The phrase the staff of God refers to the staff that God told Moses to take with him in v. 17. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
373	EXO	4	20	7e3s	figs-explicit	מַטֵּ֥ה הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֖ים	1		The book describes this staff as the staff of God because God appointed it as his instrument so that Moses could do miraculous works through it. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Make sure your translation does not lead people to think the staff was a magic wand or shaman’s staff that had its own power, or power from Moses, or that the staff gave Moses the ability to command God. In every instance where miracles happened, God told Moses to do something with the staff, Moses obeyed, and then God caused a miracle. Alternate translation: “the staff that God had told him to bring because God intended to work powerfully through it when Moses stretched it out.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
374	EXO	4	21	lva8	figs-quotemarks	בְּ⁠לֶכְתְּ⁠ךָ֙	1		This begins a direct quotation that continues to the end of 4:23. It contains up to fourth-level quotations. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
375	EXO	4	21	oajf		רְאֵ֗ה	1		Most translations and interpretations of the verb see take it to mean something like “see that you do.”
376	EXO	4	21	0gqf	figs-metaphor	כָּל־הַ⁠מֹּֽפְתִים֙ אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי בְ⁠יָדֶ֔⁠ךָ	1		Here the miracles are spoken of as if they were items Moses could carry. In part, this may be because the three signs already given to Moses involved the use of his hand. Alternative translation: “all the wonders I have authorized you to perform” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
377	EXO	4	21	kdsb	figs-metonymy	לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה	1		This time while before the face of still has the standard figurative meaning of “in the presence of,” it is a much more literal use here. Moses is to actually do the miracles in front of Pharaoh so he can see them. Alternative translation: “so Pharaoh can see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
378	EXO	4	21	ovma	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	וַ⁠אֲנִי֙ אֲחַזֵּ֣ק	1		Referring to himself in the opening of this sentence serves to emphasize a contrast in what might be expected and what will happen. Translate this in a way that clearly contrasts the performance of miracles before Pharaoh (which might be expected to lead to him releasing the Israelites) with what Yahweh says he will do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
379	EXO	4	21	uvoh	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠אֲנִי֙ אֲחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבּ֔⁠וֹ	1		This means that God will make him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart would be made stronger. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. Alternate translation: “But as for me, I will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
380	EXO	4	21	uudz	grammar-connect-logic-result	וְ⁠לֹ֥א יְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָ⁠עָֽם	1		Make it clear in your translation that this is a result of God hardening Pharaoh’s heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
381	EXO	4	22	ftde		כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה	1		This is the first of hundreds of occurrences throughout the Old Testament of a standard phrase used to introduce direct, authoritative instruction from Yahweh. It would be good for your team to have a standard way to translate this that makes it clear that the words that come next are directly from God. If your language has a standard way of introducing a new message from your rulers that alerts the hearers that these are the words of the rulers, that would be a good phrase to consider.
382	EXO	4	22	zb2e	figs-quotesinquotes	כֹּ֚ה	1		Thus begins a second-level quotation that continues until the end of 4:23. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer level, the first level. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
383	EXO	4	22	teyy	figs-quotesinquotes	כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה	1		This begins a second-level quotation that continues until the end of 4:23. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation. However, you may want to translate this as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the levels of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “that Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
384	EXO	4	22	kud7	figs-quotemarks	בְּנִ֥⁠י	1		This is the beginning of a third-level quotation that continues until the end of 4:23. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening third-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation within a quotation. (If you chose to translate, “Thus says Yahweh,” as an indirect quote, this will be a second- level quotation.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
385	EXO	4	22	1od0	figs-metaphor	בְּנִ֥⁠י בְכֹרִ֖⁠י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃	1		Some languages may need to change the metaphor here into a simile. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
386	EXO	4	22	pt4n	figs-collectivenouns	יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	1	Israel is my son	The word Israel here represents all the people of Israel as a group. It is important to keep the singular reference to Israel as son, rather than change it to something like ‘the Israelites are my children,’ because God is making a particular contrast here between his son and Pharaoh’s son. Some languages may not be able to use “Israel” as a collective noun and may need to choose a translation like “the nation of Israel” or “the Israelite nation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
387	EXO	4	22	8oc8	figs-metonymy	יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	1		The Israelite nation is often referred to simply by the name of the patriarch. For alternative translation see: [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/22/pt4n]] (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
388	EXO	4	23	syar	figs-quotemarks	שַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־בְּנִ⁠י֙ וְ⁠יַֽעַבְדֵ֔⁠נִי	1		This is a fourth-level quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer levels. (If you chose to translate “Thus says Yahweh” as an indirect quote, this will be a third-level quotation.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
389	EXO	4	23	0pc4	figs-quotations	וָ⁠אֹמַ֣ר אֵלֶ֗י⁠ךָ שַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־בְּנִ⁠י֙ וְ⁠יַֽעַבְדֵ֔⁠נִי וַ⁠תְּמָאֵ֖ן	1		The fourth-level quotation here may be a good one to translate as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the levels of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “and I told you to let my son go that he may serve me. But you have refused” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
390	EXO	4	23	k7mh	figs-metaphor	בְּנִ⁠י֙	1	you have refused to let him go	Yahweh continues to metaphorically speak of Israel as my son. See what you did at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/22/1od0]]. Alternative translation: “the Israelite nation which is like a son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
391	EXO	4	23	u825	figs-pronouns	וְ⁠יַֽעַבְדֵ֔⁠נִי…לְ⁠שַׁלְּח֑⁠וֹ	1		The pronouns he and him agree with “son.” What you use may depend on how you translated son at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/23/k7mh]]. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
392	EXO	4	23	2g32		הִנֵּה֙	1		This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. Alternative translation: “Know this”
393	EXO	4	23	re11		בִּנְ⁠ךָ֖	1	I will certainly kill your son, your firstborn	This refers to the actual son of Pharaoh.
394	EXO	4	23	ubcw	figs-quotemarks	בִּנְ⁠ךָ֖ בְּכֹרֶֽ⁠ךָ	1		After this phrase, the three levels of direct quotations end bringing a complete close to all quotations that started in verses 21 and 22. If you are using direct quotations, at the end of this verse you should have three closing markers, third level, second level and first level. In English, it looks like ” ’ ” (without spaces). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
395	EXO	4	24	sp6h	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יְהִ֥י	1	Yahweh met Moses and tried to kill him	This introduces a new event. Mark the transition in a natural way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
396	EXO	4	24	p820	writing-participants	וַ⁠יִּפְגְּשֵׁ֣⁠הוּ…הֲמִיתֽ⁠וֹ	1		Here, it is not clear who him refers to. Most commentators believe it refers to Moses, but it could refer to the son, though that is less likely. If it is necessary to choose for your translation, use Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
397	EXO	4	24	3xy0	writing-participants	הֲמִיתֽ⁠וֹ	1		Here, he refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
398	EXO	4	25	m1la	translate-names	צִפֹּרָ֜ה	1	Zipporah	This is the name of Moses’s wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
399	EXO	4	25	sftg	writing-participants	צִפֹּרָ֜ה	1		Zipporah is introduced here as a new participant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
400	EXO	4	25	a36h	translate-unknown	צֹ֗ר	1	flint knife	This was a knife with a sharpened stone blade. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
401	EXO	4	25	nkxn	translate-unknown	עָרְלַ֣ת	1		Theforeskin is the retractable fold of skin which covers and protects the end of the penis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
402	EXO	4	25	l6sr	figs-euphemism	לְ⁠רַגְלָ֑י⁠ו	1	to his feet	It is possible that the word feet may have been a more respectful way to refer to the genital area of the body. However, that possibility is not high enough that you should translate it either literally as genitals or with another euphemism meaning genitals in your language. If you have a word that means primarily feet or legs, but could in some cases also euphemistically mean genitals, you may consider it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
403	EXO	4	25	3g3x	figs-quotemarks	כִּ֧י חֲתַן־דָּמִ֛ים אַתָּ֖ה לִֽ⁠י	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
404	EXO	4	25	b2t3	figs-metaphor	כִּ֧י חֲתַן־דָּמִ֛ים אַתָּ֖ה לִֽ⁠י	1	you are a bridegroom to me by blood	The meaning of this metaphor is unclear. It was probably a known saying in that culture. Alternate translation: “you are related to me by this blood” or “you are my husband because of blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
405	EXO	4	26	ceqk	grammar-connect-logic-result	וַ⁠יִּ֖רֶף	1		As a result of Zipporah’s action. Consider a conjunction or other form that expresses result as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
406	EXO	4	26	o4zt	writing-participants	וַ⁠יִּ֖רֶף	1		“Yahweh relented” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
407	EXO	4	26	4l5u	writing-participants	מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ	1		As in 4:24 this could mean either Moses or the son, but most commentators think it is still Moses. The UST uses “anyone” to preserve ambiguity. Alternative translation: “from Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
408	EXO	4	26	r8hj	figs-quotations	חֲתַ֥ן דָּמִ֖ים	1		This is a unique quotation because Zipporah probably does not speak again, rather the quotation refers back to her statement in 4:25. Your language may handle this sort of quotation in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
409	EXO	4	26	abmg	figs-quotemarks	חֲתַ֥ן דָּמִ֖ים לַ⁠מּוּלֹֽת	1		It is not clear if the quotation includes because of the circumcision or if that is a comment explaining the quotation. Translations are divided in where they end the quotation, but most exclude because of the circumcision and it is best to follow that unless a locally respected translation includes it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
410	EXO	4	27	xk6b	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר	1	Yahweh said to Aaron	You may want to add a word that marks the beginning of a new part of the story, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
411	EXO	4	27	qxpc	writing-participants	אַהֲרֹ֔ן	1		Aaron is introduced as a new participant. Some languages may mark this in some way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
412	EXO	4	27	221t	figs-quotemarks	לֵ֛ךְ לִ⁠קְרַ֥את מֹשֶׁ֖ה הַ⁠מִּדְבָּ֑רָ⁠ה	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
413	EXO	4	27	wy4n	figs-possession	בְּ⁠הַ֥ר הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֖ים	1	at the mountain of God	See how you translated this in 3:1, consult this this note: [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/03/01/p27s]] (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
414	EXO	4	27	tfn2	translate-symaction	וַ⁠יִּשַּׁק	1		This was a traditional way of greeting which showed love. You can make this explicit as the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
415	EXO	4	28	ad9x		שְׁלָח֑⁠וֹ…צִוָּֽ⁠הוּ	1		These are a bit awkward to translate in English, so the UST adds more information. Other languages may not have the same difficulty.
416	EXO	4	28	b429	writing-participants	שְׁלָח֑⁠וֹ…צִוָּֽ⁠הוּ	1	he had sent him to say	The words he refers to Yahweh, and him refers to Moses. Alternative translation: “Yahweh sent Moses…Yahweh commanded Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
417	EXO	4	29	y8o3	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יֵּ֥לֶךְ	1		This begins a new event which you may need to mark in your translation with a transitional word like the UST’s “When.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
418	EXO	4	30	bm2x	figs-metonymy	לְ⁠עֵינֵ֥י הָ⁠עָֽם	1	in the sight of the people	This means he did the signs so they could see them. Alternative translation: “in their sight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
419	EXO	4	30	x1v3	writing-participants	הָ⁠עָֽם	1		Context suggests that people refers to the leaders gathered in 4:29. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
420	EXO	4	31	8n78	writing-participants	הָ⁠עָ֑ם	1		Context suggests that people refers to the leaders gathered in 4:29. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
421	EXO	4	31	q1er		פָקַ֨ד…בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל	1	had observed the Israelites	“saw the Israelites” or “was concerned about the Israelites”
422	EXO	4	31	g83a	translate-symaction	וַֽ⁠יִּקְּד֖וּ וַ⁠יִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּֽוּ	1	they bowed their heads	Alternative translations: “they bowed their heads in awe” or “they bowed down low in reverence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
423	EXO	5	intro	kea2			0		Exodus 05 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter A slave’s work The Egyptians were known for making their slaves do a lot of work. The Israelite slaves were forced to make a specific number of bricks every day. In this chapter, they were required not only to make these bricks, but also to gather straw, one of the raw materials, in order to make these bricks. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter “Let my people go” This is a very important statement. Moses does not seek permission to leave, asking Pharaoh to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he demands that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. Titles The leaders are given different titles in this chapter. The ULT uses “taskmasters” and “foremen.” Many cultures will not have these types of titles. Generic expressions like “Egyptian leaders” and “Hebrew leaders” may be necessary.
424	EXO	5	1	q0zv	writing-newevent	וְ⁠אַחַ֗ר בָּ֚אוּ מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֔ן וַ⁠יֹּאמְר֖וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה	1		This time phrase, and afterward, marks a transition in the narrative. Alternative translation: “After that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
425	EXO	5	1	q9kn	grammar-connect-time-sequential	וְ⁠אַחַ֗ר בָּ֚אוּ מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֔ן וַ⁠יֹּאמְר֖וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה	1	After these things happened	It is unclear how long Moses and Aaron waited until they went to see Pharoah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
426	EXO	5	1	cudx	figs-go	בָּ֚אוּ	1		In this instance, depending on how they have to set scenes, some languages may need to use “came in.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
427	EXO	5	1	7l1y	writing-participants	פַּרְעֹ֑ה	1		Pharaoh is reintroduced as a participant in the narrative for the first time since chapter two. Some languages may need to mark his reintroduction in a particular way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
428	EXO	5	1	3l2v	figs-quotemarks	כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔⁠י וְ⁠יָחֹ֥גּוּ לִ֖⁠י בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּֽר	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
429	EXO	5	1	ckml	figs-quotemarks	שַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔⁠י וְ⁠יָחֹ֥גּוּ לִ֖⁠י בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּֽר	1		This is a second-level direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
430	EXO	5	1	lu3i		כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙	1		This is a standard formula used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See 4:intro for more information.
431	EXO	5	1	u2vt		וְ⁠יָחֹ֥גּוּ	1	festival for me	This is a celebration to worship Yahweh. Alternative translation: “so they can worship me with eating and drinking”
432	EXO	5	2	v4c1	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר	1	Why should I…let Israel go?	The result here is exactly as God has said; therefore, a contrastive transition word is reasonable but not required given the immediate human context. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
433	EXO	5	2	fq6i	figs-quotemarks	מִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶשְׁמַ֣ע בְּ⁠קֹל֔⁠וֹ לְ⁠שַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לֹ֤א יָדַ֨עְתִּי֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וְ⁠גַ֥ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹ֥א אֲשַׁלֵּֽחַ	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
434	EXO	5	2	lqwt		מִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶשְׁמַ֣ע בְּ⁠קֹל֔⁠וֹ לְ⁠שַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	1		This is not a rhetorical question, though Pharaoh may have spoken with contempt. Pharaoh would have considered himself a go. The Egyptians had several gods, and most people groups were assumed to have their own gods. Therefore, Pharaoh had truly not heard of Yahweh (who has just told his name to Moses).
435	EXO	5	2	wpff	figs-collectivenouns	יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל…יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	1		Here the nation is spoken of as an individual. Alternative translation: “the nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
436	EXO	5	2	c653	figs-metonymy	בְּ⁠קֹל֔⁠וֹ	1	listen to his voice	This represent the words God spoke. Alternate translation: “listen to what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
437	EXO	5	2	6xjp		וְ⁠גַ֥ם	1		This functions to strengthen Pharaoh’s statement about his decision. Alternative translation: “and most definitely”
438	EXO	5	3	08ny	writing-participants	וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ	1		It may not make sense in all languages for multiple people to speak. Since Aaron was appointed as Moses’ spokesman, consider the alternative translation: “Aaron replied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
439	EXO	5	3	3li7	figs-quotemarks	אֱלֹהֵ֥י הָ⁠עִבְרִ֖ים נִקְרָ֣א עָלֵ֑י⁠נוּ נֵ֣לֲכָה נָּ֡א דֶּרֶךְ֩ שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת יָמִ֜ים בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּ֗ר וְ⁠נִזְבְּחָה֙ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔י⁠נוּ פֶּ֨ן־יִפְגָּעֵ֔⁠נוּ בַּ⁠דֶּ֖בֶר א֥וֹ בֶ⁠חָֽרֶב	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
440	EXO	5	3	y9ip		אֱלֹהֵ֥י הָ⁠עִבְרִ֖ים	1	God of the Hebrews	This term is also used for Yahweh, the Israelites’ God.
441	EXO	5	3	kclj	figs-exclusive	עָלֵ֑י⁠נוּ נֵ֣לֲכָה…וְ⁠נִזְבְּחָה֙…יִפְגָּעֵ֔⁠נוּ	1		Here, us (or “we” in UST) refers to the Hebrew people (the Israelites). It exclude Pharaoh and his people. Some languages may need to consider whether to use an inclusive or exclusive form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
442	EXO	5	3	gfs5	figs-metonymy	בֶ⁠חָֽרֶב	1	or with the sword	Here, sword represents war or an attack by enemies. Alternate translation: “cause our enemies to attack us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
443	EXO	5	4	cb7w	figs-quotemarks	לָ֚⁠מָּה מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֔ן תַּפְרִ֥יעוּ אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֖ם מִ⁠מַּֽעֲשָׂ֑י⁠ו לְכ֖וּ לְ⁠סִבְלֹתֵי⁠כֶֽם	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
444	EXO	5	4	kl1i	figs-rquestion	לָ֚⁠מָּה מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֔ן תַּפְרִ֥יעוּ אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֖ם מִ⁠מַּֽעֲשָׂ֑י⁠ו	1	why are you taking the people from their work?	Pharaoh uses this question to express his anger towards Moses and Aaron for taking the Israelites away from their work. Alternate translation: “Stop distracting the people from doing their work!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
445	EXO	5	4	fiw9	figs-rquestion	לְכ֖וּ לְ⁠סִבְלֹתֵי⁠כֶֽם	1		This your could refer to Moses and Aaron, or it could mean “all you Israelite people.” The second meaning is more likely. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual or plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
446	EXO	5	5	nqbe	figs-aside	וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֔ה	1		It is unusual for the same speaker to be reintroduced like this. Some translations omit the repetition, but there is another option. This statement may be more connected to the next couple of verses, so it might be appropriate to make a minor break before this verse. Pharaoh may have been more commenting to himself, or he only thought this statement silently, and it led to his next actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]])
447	EXO	5	5	todi		הֵן	1		This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say.
448	EXO	5	5	c53k	figs-youdual	וְ⁠הִשְׁבַּתֶּ֥ם	1		Here, you means Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual form (if you have one) or plural (if not) form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
449	EXO	5	6	ar9m		אֶת־הַ⁠נֹּגְשִׂ֣ים בָּ⁠עָ֔ם וְ⁠אֶת־שֹׁטְרָ֖י⁠ו	1		Pharaoh may have sent a messenger or messengers to the taskmasters and officers or spoken to one or a few representatives of them at his court rather than speaking to them directly. Alternative translation: “Pharaoh gave an order for the taskmasters among the people and officers that said,”
450	EXO	5	6	zd4m		הַ⁠נֹּגְשִׂ֣ים	1	taskmasters	Taskmasters were Egyptians whose job it was to force the Israelites to do hard work. These are probably the same as the “overseers” of labor gangs from Exodus 1:11, but here the term is harsher. Alternative translation: “oppressors”
451	EXO	5	6	8opu		שֹׁטְרָ֖י⁠ו	1		Officers were probably Israelite slaves who were in charge of the other Israelites but who answered to the Egyptian taskmasters.
452	EXO	5	6	dxih		לֵ⁠אמֹֽר	1		This is a way of introducing a direct quotation in Hebrew; most translations can omit it without harm.
453	EXO	5	7	k6io	figs-youdual	לֹ֣א תֹאסִפ֞וּ⁠ן	1		This command was given to multiple people; if your language distinguishes between singular and plural forms when giving commands, make sure this is a plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
454	EXO	5	7	1pw9	figs-quotemarks	לֹ֣א תֹאסִפ֞וּ⁠ן	1		Verses 7-9 are a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate the start here with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of the quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
455	EXO	5	7	p9nx	figs-idiom	כִּ⁠תְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֑ם	1	you must no longer give	This is a Hebrew idiom meaning “in the past.” Alternative translation: “as before” or “as previously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
456	EXO	5	8	izkf	figs-youdual	תָּשִׂ֣ימוּ	1		If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
457	EXO	5	8	ro25	translate-unknown	הַ⁠לְּבֵנִ֜ים	1		Bricks are hardened clay blocks for building. See how you translated in [1:14][../01/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
458	EXO	5	8	dlzx	figs-idiom	תְּמ֤וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם֙	1		This is a Hebrew idiom meaning “in the past.” See how you translated this in 5:7 Alternative translation: “before” or “previously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
459	EXO	5	8	vd10	figs-quotemarks	נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לֵ⁠אלֹהֵֽי⁠נוּ	1		This is a second-level direct quotation. It is a quote of Moses and Aaron. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
460	EXO	5	9	5nz5	figs-idiom	וְ⁠אַל־יִשְׁע֖וּ בְּ⁠דִבְרֵי־שָֽׁקֶר	1		Here words are spoken of as if they could be looked upon. Alternative translation: as UST or “and not listen to words that are lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
461	EXO	5	10	ozzn	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יֵּ֨צְא֜וּ	1		This begins a new scene, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
462	EXO	5	10	x4bi		נֹגְשֵׂ֤י	1	taskmasters	Taskmasters were Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in 5:6. See [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/05/06/zd4m]]
463	EXO	5	10	0nqn		כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר פַּרְעֹ֔ה	1		This is the same quote formula as is used for when Yahweh gives a direct command. See 4:intro for more information.
464	EXO	5	10	4joe	figs-quotations	וַ⁠יֹּאמְר֥וּ אֶל־הָ⁠עָ֖ם לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר פַּרְעֹ֔ה	1		It might be helpful in some languages to translate thus says Pharaoh as an indirect quote so that his conveyed command is not a quote within a quote. Alternate translation: “and told the people that Pharaoh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
465	EXO	5	10	mkom	figs-quotesinquotes	אֵינֶ֛⁠נִּי	1		This is a the beginning of a second-level quotation that continues until the end of verse 11. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the start of a quotation within a quotation. However, you could also translate this as an indirect quote. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
466	EXO	5	10	7zfp	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	אֵינֶ֛⁠נִּי נֹתֵ֥ן לָ⁠כֶ֖ם תֶּֽבֶן	1		The structure of this phrase and the one that opens the next verse create a strong contrast between what I (Pharaoh) and you (you all, the Israelites) will do. Translate this in a way that emphasizes, if possible, the contrast between “I” and “you.” Alternative translation: “It is not I who will give you straw.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
467	EXO	5	10	si2e	figs-metonymy	אֵינֶ֛⁠נִּי	1		Pharaoh does not physically give the Israelites straw. Rather, he had commanded his servants take straw that belongs to Pharaoh and give it to the Israelites. Now he told his servants to stop providing straw. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
468	EXO	5	10	gb4d	figs-youdual	לָ⁠כֶ֖ם	1	I will no longer give you	Youis plural and refers to the Israelite people. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
469	EXO	5	11	ewg6	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	אַתֶּ֗ם לְכ֨וּ קְח֤וּ לָ⁠כֶם֙ תֶּ֔בֶן מֵ⁠אֲשֶׁ֖ר תִּמְצָ֑אוּ	1		The structure of this phrase serves as the opposing side of the contrast Pharaoh sets up in the last phrase. By explicitly using a pronoun with a command, he is emphasizing who will go get straw. If possible, translate this in a way that emphasizes the contrast between “I” and “you.” See [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/05/10/7zfp]] for more info. Alternative translation: “Rather, it is you yourselves who must go get straw from wherever you might find it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
470	EXO	5	11	xe4i	figs-youdual	אַתֶּ֗ם	1	you can find…your workload	Here, you is plural and refers to the Israelite people. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
471	EXO	5	11	w918	figs-rpronouns	אַתֶּ֗ם…לָ⁠כֶם֙	1	You yourselves must go	The repetition of you emphasizes that the Egyptians will no longer help the slaves. Alternative translation: see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
472	EXO	5	11	g5vb	figs-doublenegatives	כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נִגְרָ֛ע מֵ⁠עֲבֹדַתְ⁠כֶ֖ם דָּבָֽר	1	your workload will not be reduced	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “for you must continue to make the same number of bricks as before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
473	EXO	5	11	ucrc	figs-quotemarks	כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נִגְרָ֛ע מֵ⁠עֲבֹדַתְ⁠כֶ֖ם דָּבָֽר	1		After this phrase (at the end of the verse), the direct quotes end. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level (and second-level if you made both levels direct quotes) quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
474	EXO	5	12	s9dk	figs-hyperbole	בְּ⁠כָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם	1	throughout all the land of Egypt	This is a generalization used to show the extra effort Israel made to meet Pharaoh’s demands. Alternate translation: “to many places throughout Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
475	EXO	5	12	q7y7	translate-unknown	קַ֖שׁ	1	stubble	Stubble is the part of a plant that is left over after harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
476	EXO	5	13	th6x		וְ⁠הַ⁠נֹּגְשִׂ֖ים	1	taskmasters	Taskmasters were Egyptians whose job it was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in Exodus 5:6.
477	EXO	5	13	ikkf	writing-participants	וְ⁠הַ⁠נֹּגְשִׂ֖ים	1		The change of subject is emphasized here. If your language has a way of specifically focusing on the actor in a narrative, use it here. See the UST for how that is done in English. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
478	EXO	5	13	8ye4	figs-quotemarks	כַּלּ֤וּ מַעֲשֵׂי⁠כֶם֙ דְּבַר־י֣וֹם בְּ⁠יוֹמ֔⁠וֹ כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּ⁠הְי֥וֹת הַ⁠תֶּֽבֶן	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
479	EXO	5	13	a5ja		דְּבַר־י֣וֹם בְּ⁠יוֹמ֔⁠וֹ	1		Day by day means “daily.” Alternative translation: “the daily task”
480	EXO	5	14	h4uo		נֹגְשֵׂ֥י	1		Taskmasters are Egyptians whose job it was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in Exodus 5:6.
481	EXO	5	14	unbc	figs-activepassive	וַ⁠יֻּכּ֗וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	1		The text does not specify who beat the officers. It was probably either the taskmasters or someone the taskmasters ordered to beat the officers. If your language cannot express this with the passive, you can make the taskmasters the subject. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
482	EXO	5	14	eq22	figs-rquestion	מַדּ֡וּעַ לֹא֩ כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְ⁠כֶ֤ם לִ⁠לְבֹּן֙ כִּ⁠תְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּם־תְּמ֖וֹל גַּם־הַ⁠יּֽוֹם	1	Why have you not produced all the bricks required of you…in the past?	The taskmasters used this question to show they were angry with the lack of bricks. Alternate translation: “You are not producing enough bricks, either yesterday or today, as you did in the past!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
483	EXO	5	14	767c	figs-quotemarks	מַדּ֡וּעַ לֹא֩ כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְ⁠כֶ֤ם לִ⁠לְבֹּן֙ כִּ⁠תְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּם־תְּמ֖וֹל גַּם־הַ⁠יּֽוֹם	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
484	EXO	5	14	oh6o	figs-youdual	כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְ⁠כֶ֤ם	1		Here, you and your are plural. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. However, also see [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/05/14/emq7]]. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
485	EXO	5	14	emq7	figs-synecdoche	כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְ⁠כֶ֤ם	1	cried out	Here, you and your do not simply refer to the officers; they refer to the groups of Israelite workers the officers are in charge of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
486	EXO	5	14	liz8	figs-idiom	כִּ⁠תְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם	1		This is a Hebrew idiom meaning “in the past.” Here it specifically refers to the time before the Egyptians stopped giving the Israelites straw. See how you translated this in 5:7 Alternative translation: “before” or “previously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
487	EXO	5	14	zklg		גַּם־תְּמ֖וֹל גַּם־הַ⁠יּֽוֹם	1		This time expression refers to more recent days, ones since the Egyptians stopped providing the straw to the Israelites.
488	EXO	5	15	bk9h	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יָּבֹ֗אוּ	1		This begins a new scene, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. The officers have gone to where Pharaoh is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
489	EXO	5	15	thlj	figs-go	וַ⁠יָּבֹ֗אוּ	1		You will need to decide if go or come is the better translation in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
490	EXO	5	15	en1t	figs-quotemarks	לָ֧⁠מָּה	1		This begins a direct quote that continues to the end of the next verse. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
491	EXO	5	15	m2nz	figs-123person	לַ⁠עֲבָדֶֽי⁠ךָ	1		Here, the Israelite officers use the term your servants to refer to themselves in the third person as a way of showing humility. It is also possible that they mean to include all the Israelites. Either option is valid if your language must state who is meant by “your servants.” Alternate translation: “to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
492	EXO	5	16	yeql	figs-activepassive	תֶּ֗בֶן אֵ֤ין נִתָּן֙ לַ⁠עֲבָדֶ֔י⁠ךָ	1		The text does not specify who is not giving them straw. From context, the taskmasters and, by implication, Pharaoh himself are the ones not doing this. If your language cannot express this with the passive, you can make the taskmasters or Pharaoh the subject. Alternative translation: “You are not giving your servants any straw.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
493	EXO	5	16	qp5j	figs-123person	לַ⁠עֲבָדֶ֔י⁠ךָ…עֲבָדֶ֛י⁠ךָ	1		Here, the Israelite officers use the term your servants to refer to themselves in the third person as a way of showing humility. It is also possible that they mean to include all the Israelites. Either option is valid if your language must state who is meant by “your servants.” Alternate translation: “to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
494	EXO	5	16	hsa6	writing-participants	אֹמְרִ֥ים	1	they are still telling us, ‘Make bricks!’	They refers to the Egyptian taskmasters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
495	EXO	5	16	3xl3	figs-quotemarks	וּ⁠לְבֵנִ֛ים…עֲשׂ֑וּ	1		Make bricks is a second-level direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
496	EXO	5	16	m0go		וְ⁠הִנֵּ֧ה	1		This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows.
497	EXO	5	16	xrly	figs-activepassive	עֲבָדֶ֛י⁠ךָ מֻכִּ֖ים	1		The text does not specify who beat the officers. It was probably either the taskmasters or someone the taskmasters ordered to beat the officers. If your language cannot express this with the passive, you can make the taskmasters the subject. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
498	EXO	5	16	ff2k	figs-euphemism	וְ⁠חָטָ֥את עַמֶּֽ⁠ךָ	1		The Israelites are indirectly accusing Pharaoh of doing wrong. To translate this, consider polite or indirect ways of making accusations in your culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
499	EXO	5	16	l7sn		וְ⁠חָטָ֥את	1		“but it is the wrong-doing of”
500	EXO	5	17	2vso	figs-youdual	אַתֶּ֖ם…אַתֶּ֣ם	1		These uses of you are plural. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
501	EXO	5	17	5t4m	figs-exclamations	נִרְפִּ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם נִרְפִּ֑ים	1		Pharaoh repeats himself for emphasis. In your translation, make sure the idea of laziness or idleness is repeated or strengthened in a way that is natural. Alternative translation: “You are extremely lazy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
502	EXO	5	17	a8o2	figs-quotemarks	נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לַֽ⁠יהוָֽה	1		Here the king is quoting another person’s speech. This is a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
503	EXO	5	18	68ax	figs-activepassive	וְ⁠תֶ֖בֶן לֹא־יִנָּתֵ֣ן לָ⁠כֶ֑ם	1		You can translate this in active voice if needed. The subject could be “I” (as in Pharaoh) or “we” (as in the Egyptians or Pharaoh and his taskmasters) or “my people.” See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
504	EXO	5	18	z6wt	figs-youdual	לָ⁠כֶ֑ם…תִּתֵּֽנּוּ	1		This means all the Israelites or the officers as representatives of all the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
505	EXO	5	19	x6pp	grammar-connect-logic-result	וַ⁠יִּרְא֞וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵ֧י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֹתָ֖⁠ם בְּ⁠רָ֣ע לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר לֹא־תִגְרְע֥וּ מִ⁠לִּבְנֵי⁠כֶ֖ם דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּ⁠יוֹמֽ⁠וֹ	1		You may need to reorder the events in this verse in your language to put the reason before the result. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
506	EXO	5	19	i3ot	figs-quotemarks	לֹא־תִגְרְע֥וּ מִ⁠לִּבְנֵי⁠כֶ֖ם דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּ⁠יוֹמֽ⁠וֹ	1		This is a direct quotation of what Pharaoh said. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation of another person’s speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
507	EXO	5	19	l9d2	figs-rpronouns	אֹתָ֖⁠ם	1	when they were told	Here the officers are both the subject and object because they are thinking about their own situation. Different languages have different methods of marking this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
508	EXO	5	19	603u		וַ⁠יִּרְא֞וּ…אֹתָ֖⁠ם בְּ⁠רָ֣ע לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר	1		“knew that they were in trouble because the king said” or “perceived themselves in danger because the king said”
509	EXO	5	20	ve3z	writing-newevent	וַֽ⁠יִּפְגְּעוּ֙	1	palace	A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
510	EXO	5	20	60cj	writing-participants	וַֽ⁠יִּפְגְּעוּ֙…לִ⁠קְרָאתָ֑⁠ם בְּ⁠צֵאתָ֖⁠ם	1		Here, they and them refer to the officers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
511	EXO	5	21	jsbv	figs-quotemarks	יֵ֧רֶא יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵי⁠כֶ֖ם וְ⁠יִשְׁפֹּ֑ט אֲשֶׁ֧ר הִבְאַשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־רֵיחֵ֗⁠נוּ בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֤י פַרְעֹה֙ וּ⁠בְ⁠עֵינֵ֣י עֲבָדָ֔י⁠ו לָֽ⁠תֶת־חֶ֥רֶב בְּ⁠יָדָ֖⁠ם לְ⁠הָרְגֵֽ⁠נוּ	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
512	EXO	5	21	kv0v		יֵ֧רֶא יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵי⁠כֶ֖ם וְ⁠יִשְׁפֹּ֑ט	1		They used this form to curse Moses and Aaron.
513	EXO	5	21	4lou	figs-youdual	עֲלֵי⁠כֶ֖ם וְ⁠יִשְׁפֹּ֑ט	1		You refers to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual or plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
514	EXO	5	21	j3zp	figs-metaphor	הִבְאַשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־רֵיחֵ֗⁠נוּ בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֤י פַרְעֹה֙ וּ⁠בְ⁠עֵינֵ֣י עֲבָדָ֔י⁠ו	1	you have made us offensive	The Egyptians responded to the Israelites the same way they would respond to a foul odor. Alternate translation: “you have caused Pharaoh and his servants to hate us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
515	EXO	5	21	d592	figs-metonymy	חֶ֥רֶב בְּ⁠יָדָ֖⁠ם	1	have put a sword in their hand to kill us	Here, a sword into their hand is a metonym for “a reason in their mind.” The Israelites are afraid that the Egyptians will feel that they are doing the right thing if they kill the Israelites because Moses and Aaron are making demands to the king and because the Egyptians view the Israelites as lazy and dangerous. Alternate translation: “them a reason to think they would be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
516	EXO	5	22	pm0l	figs-quotemarks	וַ⁠יֹּאמַ֑ר	1		After this phrase, a direct quote begins which continues to the end of the chapter. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
517	EXO	5	22	g4d5	figs-rquestion	לָ֥⁠מָּה זֶּ֖ה שְׁלַחְתָּֽ⁠נִי	1	Lord, why have you caused trouble for this people?	This question shows how disappointed Moses was that the Egyptians were treating the Israelites even more harshly now. He is expressing that he thinks God has caused the opposite of what he promised to happen. Alternate translation: “You sent me to rescue them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
518	EXO	5	23	v2k2	figs-metonymy	בִּ⁠שְׁמֶ֔⁠ךָ	1	to speak to him in your name	Here, in your name indicates that Moses delivers Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “for you” or “your message for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
519	EXO	5	23	fzir	figs-idiom	וְ⁠הַצֵּ֥ל לֹא־הִצַּ֖לְתָּ	1		In Hebrew, rescued is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
520	EXO	5	23	ce6s	figs-idiom	עַמֶּֽ⁠ךָ	1		After this phrase, the direct quote of Moses that began in the previous verse ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
521	EXO	6	intro	we5k			0		Exodus 06 General Notes Possible translation difficulties in this chapter Repetition of events: Most of the content of this chapter is very similar to the events and dialogue in chapters 3-4. For consistency, translators should consult the decisions they made there while keeping in mind that this narrative is not exactly the same. Also, verses 10-12 and verses 28-30 are very similar to each other. These events are probably a recommissioning of Moses. After his first encounter with Pharaoh went very poorly and the Israelites seem to reject God, reminds Moses of God’s promises and power. Referring to God A name for God (Yahweh) and a title for God (El Shaddai) are mentioned in this chapter (6:2-6:3). The precise meaning of El Shaddai is not known, but most scholars think it means something like “almighty.” Translators who have worked on Genesis may find confusing the statement that Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob did not know Yahweh as the name of God. Other possible translation difficulties: With little explanation, a large portion of the chapter is devoted to the genealogy of Moses and Aaron. Some of the people in the genealogy lived much longer than is normal for humans today. If translators are not familiar with the lengths of people’s lives in the early days of the world (as recorded in Genesis, especially chapter 5), this may cause confusion. Study concepts in this chapter Promised Land According to the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham, Egypt is not the home of the Hebrew people. Their home is the Promised Land in Canaan. The people are to return home to their land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) “Let my people go” This is a very important statement. Moses is not asking Pharaoh to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. God and his people In verse 7, note mention of a very important biblical theme of God being “your God” and the special relationship that his people have with him.
522	EXO	6	1	ip5i	figs-quotemarks	עַתָּ֣ה תִרְאֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֖ה לְ⁠פַרְעֹ֑ה כִּ֣י בְ⁠יָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ יְשַׁלְּחֵ֔⁠ם וּ⁠בְ⁠יָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה יְגָרְשֵׁ֖⁠ם מֵ⁠אַרְצֽ⁠וֹ	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
523	EXO	6	1	lu95	grammar-connect-time-sequential	עַתָּ֣ה	1		This refers to future events starting very soon. Alternative translation: “Starting soon” or “Very soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
524	EXO	6	1	ece6	figs-metonymy	בְ⁠יָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙…וּ⁠בְ⁠יָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה	1	my strong hand	Hand is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “by a strong power … and by a strong power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
525	EXO	6	1	7wm5	figs-metonymy	בְ⁠יָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙…וּ⁠בְ⁠יָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה	1		It is not clear in the text whose hand is referred to here. The options are: (1) Both refer to God’s hand (forcing Pharaoh’s actions), (2) Both refer to Pharaoh’s hand (forcing the Israelites out), (3) They don’t refer to the same person’s hand; the first refers to God’s and the second to Pharaoh’s. The UST has followed (1) which is the most common interpretation. Alternate translation: (1) “by my strong hand … and by my strong hand” or (2) “by his strong hand … and by his strong hand” or (3) “by my strong hand … and by his strong hand”
526	EXO	6	1	4m4g	figs-parallelism	כִּ֣י בְ⁠יָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ יְשַׁלְּחֵ֔⁠ם וּ⁠בְ⁠יָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה יְגָרְשֵׁ֖⁠ם מֵ⁠אַרְצֽ⁠וֹ	1		These two phrases mean similar things. God says the same thing twice, in similar ways, for emphasis. You do not need to repeat both phrases in your translation if that might be confusing for your readers. Instead, if it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “I will force him to let my people leave the land” However, there is a slight difference in meaning, and you could also choose to bring that out in your translation. The second phrase intensifies the first by portraying Pharaoh as not merely letting the Israelites go, but as forcing them to leave the land. Alternate translation: “I will force him to let them go, in fact, I will force him to force them to leave his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
527	EXO	6	1	sdon		מֵ⁠אַרְצֽ⁠וֹ	1		“from Egypt”
528	EXO	6	2	5m1a	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יְדַבֵּ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַ⁠יֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖י⁠ו	1		There is a transition here. Before this verse, Yahweh was answering Moses’ question more directly. At the beginning of this verse, Yahweh is reintroduced as “God” because he begins to make a clarifying statement about himself and his relationship with the Israelites and their ancestors as well as his plans for the Israelites. Much of this section repeats what Yahweh has already told Moses. You may want to consider a section break before this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
529	EXO	6	2	kcty	figs-quotemarks	וַ⁠יְדַבֵּ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַ⁠יֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖י⁠ו	1		After this phrase a direct quote begins which continues until the end of verse 8. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
530	EXO	6	3	l81y	translate-transliterate	בְּ⁠אֵ֣ל שַׁדָּ֑י	1	I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob	This is a title for God that many scholars think means “almighty.” You will need to decide if you will transliterate the term into your language or translate the meaning. Either approach has broad support. Alternative translation: “as the strongest God of all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
531	EXO	6	3	m27p	figs-activepassive	וּ⁠שְׁמִ֣⁠י יְהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖עְתִּי לָ⁠הֶֽם	1	I was not known to them	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but they did not know me by my name Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
532	EXO	6	3	e36z		וּ⁠שְׁמִ֣⁠י יְהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖עְתִּי לָ⁠הֶֽם	1		This statement is very difficult to understand as God’s name, Yahweh, is used throughout Genesis, including by Abraham and others. There are many theories about what it means; the view followed by the UST is that now God is revealing to the Israelites a fuller meaning of his divine name than what Abraham and others knew. Alternate translation: “but my name Yahweh was not understood by them”
533	EXO	6	4	zxvc	figs-quotations	לָ⁠תֵ֥ת לָ⁠הֶ֖ם אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן	1		This is the content of the covenant promise from God to his people. Some languages may need to make this part a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “ I said, ‘I will give you the land of Canaan’ ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
534	EXO	6	4	gkkc	figs-parallelism	אֶ֥רֶץ מְגֻרֵי⁠הֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־גָּ֥רוּ בָֽ⁠הּ	1		These two phrases mean similar things. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “the land they lived in as temporary residents”; otherwise, “the land that was not their home but where they lived as foreigners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
535	EXO	6	5	l3yc		נַאֲקַת֙	1	groaning	This means making sad sounds because of pain and suffering.
536	EXO	6	5	0l2p		וָ⁠אֶזְכֹּ֖ר אֶת־בְּרִיתִֽ⁠י	1		I have remembered my covenant means God is going to take action. Alternative translation: “I will keep my promise”
537	EXO	6	6	rgh0	grammar-connect-logic-result	לָ⁠כֵ֞ן	1		God is now telling Moses to deliver a message to the Israelites of what God is going to do because of everything that he said in verses 2-5. The reason-result relationship is strongly marked here, so translations should make sure to use a connector that marks verse 6-8 as a result of verses 2-5. Alternate translation: “Because of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
538	EXO	6	6	yv14		לָ⁠כֵ֞ן אֱמֹ֥ר לִ⁠בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל	1	say to the Israelites	This is a command from Yahweh to Moses. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh told Moses to say to the Israelites”
539	EXO	6	6	yg2d	figs-quotemarks	אֲנִ֣י	1		This begins a second-level quotation that continues to the end of Yahweh’s speech at the close of verse 8. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
540	EXO	6	6	we3z	figs-youdual	אֶתְ⁠כֶ֗ם…אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם…אֶתְ⁠כֶם֙	1		You refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
541	EXO	6	6	oqnw	figs-synecdoche	מִ⁠תַּ֨חַת֙ סִבְלֹ֣ת מִצְרַ֔יִם	1		This refers to all the hard work the Egyptians made the Israelites do. Alternate translation: “from the hard work the Egyptians force you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
542	EXO	6	6	xyn4	figs-metaphor	בִּ⁠זְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֔ה	1		Arm here is a figurative way of referring to God’s power, influence, and capacity for action. Outstretched means that he is using that power. Alternate translation: “by my great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
543	EXO	6	6	efx1		וּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁפָטִ֖ים	1		Here, the term judgments refers to the plagues that God is about to send to harm Egypt and the Egyptians. Each plague is a response to Pharaoh’s stubbornness. Alternate translation: “and by [greatly] harming the Egyptians”
544	EXO	6	7	o3lb	figs-youdual	אֶתְ⁠כֶ֥ם…לָ⁠כֶ֖ם…וִֽ⁠ידַעְתֶּ֗ם…אֱלֹ֣הֵי⁠כֶ֔ם…אֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם	1		Here every occurrence of you refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
545	EXO	6	7	14ev	figs-synecdoche	מִ⁠תַּ֖חַת סִבְל֥וֹת מִצְרָֽיִם	1		This refers to all the hard work the Egyptians forced upon the Israelites. See what you did in the previous verse at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/06/07/oqnw]]. Alternate translation: “from the hard work the Egyptians force you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
546	EXO	6	8	h9ho	figs-youdual	אֶתְ⁠כֶם֙…לָ⁠כֶ֛ם	1		Here, every occurrence of you refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
547	EXO	6	8	g9ru	translate-symaction	נָשָׂ֨אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔⁠י	1	I swore	This is an action that signifies making an oath. Raising the hand may not have the same meaning in your culture so you may need to use a different symbolic oath-taking action in your translation, or simply translate the meaning. Alternate translation: “I promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
548	EXO	6	8	i3vj		מוֹרָשָׁ֖ה	1		This means the Israelites will own the land. Alternate translation: “as your own land”
549	EXO	6	8	ipnm	figs-quotemarks	אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה	1		After this phrase, the direct quote of Yahweh ends. Both the first-level and second-level quotes end. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level and second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation and a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
550	EXO	6	9	aalj	grammar-connect-logic-result	וְ⁠לֹ֤א שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִ⁠קֹּ֣צֶר ר֔וּחַ וּ⁠מֵ⁠עֲבֹדָ֖ה קָשָֽׁה	1		In some languages it will be necessary to put the reason for the people not listening before the result. Alternate translation: “but because of shortness of spirit and because of hard service, they did not listen to Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
551	EXO	6	9	0jc7		מִ⁠קֹּ֣צֶר ר֔וּחַ	1		Here, the people’s spirit is spoken of as something that could be measured. By calling it “short,” the author is saying they did not have very much motivation or hope. Alternate translation: “because they had no hope”
552	EXO	6	10	tpw4		לֵּ⁠אמֹֽר	1		This is used to mark the beginning of a direct quotation. It can be omitted if it is unnatural.
553	EXO	6	11	pi7a	figs-quotemarks	בֹּ֣א דַבֵּ֔ר אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרָ֑יִם וִֽ⁠ישַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵ⁠אַרְצֽ⁠וֹ	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
554	EXO	6	11	fxf2	figs-quotations	וִֽ⁠ישַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵ⁠אַרְצֽ⁠וֹ	1		This is an indirect quote; in some languages you will have to make it a direct quote. Be careful to change the third-person pronouns to second-person pronouns if you do this. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘You must let the sons of Israel go from your land’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
555	EXO	6	12	rsag	figs-quotemarks	הֵ֤ן בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֣וּ אֵלַ֔⁠י וְ⁠אֵיךְ֙ יִשְׁמָעֵ֣⁠נִי פַרְעֹ֔ה וַ⁠אֲנִ֖י עֲרַ֥ל שְׂפָתָֽיִם	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
556	EXO	6	12	h7o0	figs-metonymy	לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה	1		Here, face figuratively represents the presence of a person. There may also be a hint of impudence in Moses’ attitude that is conveyed by saying he before the face of Yahweh Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “boldly to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
557	EXO	6	12	iiui		הֵ֤ן	1		Behold is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation, or you can use an alternate translation like “as you know.”
558	EXO	6	12	k7hl	figs-rquestion	הֵ֤ן בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֣וּ אֵלַ֔⁠י וְ⁠אֵיךְ֙ יִשְׁמָעֵ֣⁠נִי פַרְעֹ֔ה	1	If the Israelites have not listened to me, why will Pharaoh listen to me, since I am not good at speaking?	Moses asked this question hoping God would change His mind about using Moses. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Since the Israelites did not listen to me, neither will Pharaoh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
559	EXO	6	12	4iul	figs-rquestion	הֵ֤ן בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֣וּ אֵלַ֔⁠י וְ⁠אֵיךְ֙ יִשְׁמָעֵ֣⁠נִי פַרְעֹ֔ה	1		Moses is presenting a reasoned argument: since this, then probably that. Use a natural way of expressing such arguments in your language. Alternate translation: “Since the sons of Israel have not listened to me, why would you think Pharaoh would listen to me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
560	EXO	6	12	k3br	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠אֲנִ֖י עֲרַ֥ל שְׂפָתָֽיִם	1		This is a metaphor that means that Moses was not a good speaker. It is somewhat crude; your translation of this phrase could convey that Moses spoke impolitely. Alternate translation: “And I do not speak well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
561	EXO	6	13	9o6g		וַ⁠יְצַוֵּ⁠ם֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְ⁠אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה	1		This phrase is somewhat difficult to translate. Here, command could also be translated as “charge” or “commission.” Another difficulty is knowing to whom the command is directed: is it to Moses and Aaron or are they to give the command to Pharaoh and the Israelites, thus to could be translated as “for” or “regarding” Alternate translations: “and he charged them regarding the sons of Israel and regarding Pharaoh” or “and he gave them a command for the sons of Israel and for Pharaoh” or “and he gave them a commission to the sons of Israel and to Pharaoh”
562	EXO	6	14	hh3z	writing-background	אֵ֖לֶּה	1		Verses 14-27 are background information. If your language marks background information with particular discourse features, use them here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
563	EXO	6	14	h195	figs-metonymy	רָאשֵׁ֣י	1	the heads of their fathers’ houses	Here, “heads” refers to the original ancestors of the clan. Alternate translation: “the ancestors of ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
564	EXO	6	14	wv89	translate-names	רְאוּבֵ֜ן… יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל… חֲנ֤וֹךְ וּ⁠פַלּוּא֙ חֶצְר֣וֹן וְ⁠כַרְמִ֔י… רְאוּבֵֽן	1	Hanok, Pallu, Hezron, and Karmi	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
565	EXO	6	15	c1ni	translate-names	שִׁמְע֗וֹן יְמוּאֵ֨ל וְ⁠יָמִ֤ין וְ⁠אֹ֨הַד֙ וְ⁠יָכִ֣ין וְ⁠צֹ֔חַר וְ⁠שָׁא֖וּל…שִׁמְעֽוֹן	1	Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jakin, Zohar, and Shaul	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
566	EXO	6	16	k64h	translate-names	לֵוִי֙…גֵּרְשׁ֕וֹן וּ⁠קְהָ֖ת וּ⁠מְרָרִ֑י…לֵוִ֔י	1	Gershon…Merari	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
567	EXO	6	16	m36f	translate-numbers	שֶׁ֧בַע וּ⁠שְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים וּ⁠מְאַ֖ת	1	137 years old	“one hundred thirty-seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
568	EXO	6	17	alm8	translate-names	גֵרְשׁ֛וֹן לִבְנִ֥י וְ⁠שִׁמְעִ֖י	1	Amram…Uzziel	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
569	EXO	6	18	gzm3	translate-names	קְהָ֔ת עַמְרָ֣ם וְ⁠יִצְהָ֔ר וְ⁠חֶבְר֖וֹן וְ⁠עֻזִּיאֵ֑ל…קְהָ֔ת	1		These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
570	EXO	6	18	qu41	translate-numbers	שָׁלֹ֧שׁ וּ⁠שְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים וּ⁠מְאַ֖ת	1	133 years old	“one hundred thirty-three” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
571	EXO	6	19	p5sz	translate-names	מְרָרִ֖י מַחְלִ֣י וּ⁠מוּשִׁ֑י	1		These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
572	EXO	6	20	ni1l	translate-names	עַמְרָ֜ם…יוֹכֶ֤בֶד…אַהֲרֹ֖ן…מֹשֶׁ֑ה…עַמְרָ֔ם	1		These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
573	EXO	6	20	mh02	figs-kinship	דֹּֽדָת⁠וֹ֙	1		This word specifically means father’s sister. Some languages will have a term that is specific in this way, and translators should use it. Alternate translation: see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-kinship]])
574	EXO	6	20	ti6q	translate-numbers	שֶׁ֧בַע וּ⁠שְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים וּ⁠מְאַ֖ת	1	137 years	“one hundred thirty-seven years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
575	EXO	6	21	f3yr	translate-names	יִצְהָ֑ר קֹ֥רַח וָ⁠נֶ֖פֶג וְ⁠זִכְרִֽי׃	1	Izhar…Korah…Zichri	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
576	EXO	6	22	n7cl	translate-names	עֻזִּיאֵ֑ל מִֽישָׁאֵ֥ל וְ⁠אֶלְצָפָ֖ן וְ⁠סִתְרִֽי	1	Uzziel…Mishael…Sithri	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
577	EXO	6	23	n1xh	translate-names	אַהֲרֹ֜ן…אֱלִישֶׁ֧בַע…עַמִּינָדָ֛ב…נַחְשׁ֖וֹן…נָדָב֙…אֲבִיה֔וּא…אֶלְעָזָ֖ר…אִֽיתָמָֽר	1	Nadab…Ithamar	These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
578	EXO	6	24	7oae	translate-names	קֹ֔רַח אַסִּ֥יר וְ⁠אֶלְקָנָ֖ה וַ⁠אֲבִיאָסָ֑ף	1		These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
579	EXO	6	24	i6o7	translate-names	הַ⁠קָּרְחִֽי	1		This was the name of the clan of people descended from Korah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
580	EXO	6	25	zvg2	translate-names	וְ⁠אֶלְעָזָ֨ר…אַהֲרֹ֜ן…פּֽוּטִיאֵל֙…פִּֽינְחָ֑ס	1	Phinehas	These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
581	EXO	6	25	fck8	figs-metonymy	רָאשֵׁ֛י	1	These were the heads of the fathers’ houses	The word “heads” here represents family leaders. Alternate translation: “These were the leaders of the families” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
582	EXO	6	26	dqm8	figs-quotemarks	⁠הֶ֔ם הוֹצִ֜יאוּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מֵ⁠אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם עַל־צִבְאֹתָֽ⁠ם	1		This is a direct quotation of what Yahweh said earlier. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation of a previous remark. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
583	EXO	6	26	ft6y	translate-unknown	עַל־צִבְאֹתָֽ⁠ם	1	by their groups of fighting men	The term hosts refers to a large group of people often organized into groups for war. Alternate translation: “by their groups” or “by their divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
584	EXO	6	27	o7xp	grammar-connect-logic-goal	לְ⁠הוֹצִ֥יא	1		This expresses their goal when they spoke to Pharaoh. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
585	EXO	6	28	xssl	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יְהִ֗י בְּ⁠י֨וֹם	1		This marks a transition from the record of the genealogy back to the narrative. Consider placing a section break at the start of this verse. Alternate translation: “One day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
586	EXO	6	29	7s2n	figs-quotemarks	לֵּ⁠אמֹ֖ר	1		Here, saying is used to mark the beginning of a direct quotation. It can be omitted if unnatural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
587	EXO	6	29	vogm	figs-quotemarks	אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה דַּבֵּ֗ר אֶל־פַּרְעֹה֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י דֹּבֵ֥ר אֵלֶֽי⁠ךָ	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
588	EXO	6	30	zyqs	figs-metonymy	לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה	1		Here, face figuratively represents the presence of a person. There may also be a hint of impudence in Moses’ attitude that is conveyed by saying he spoke before the face of Yahweh. See how you translated this in 6:12 Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “boldly to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
589	EXO	6	30	nf3w	figs-rquestion	הֵ֤ן אֲנִי֙ עֲרַ֣ל שְׂפָתַ֔יִם וְ⁠אֵ֕יךְ יִשְׁמַ֥ע אֵלַ֖⁠י פַּרְעֹֽה	1	I am not good…why will Pharaoh listen to me?	Moses asks this question hoping to change God’s mind about sending him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Behold, I am not a good speaker. Pharaoh will certainly not listen to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
590	EXO	6	30	qvxf	figs-quotemarks	הֵ֤ן אֲנִי֙ עֲרַ֣ל שְׂפָתַ֔יִם וְ⁠אֵ֕יךְ יִשְׁמַ֥ע אֵלַ֖⁠י פַּרְעֹֽה	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
591	EXO	6	30	y4g2		הֵ֤ן	1		Behold is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation, or you can use an alternate translation like “as you know.”
592	EXO	6	30	18l8	figs-metaphor	אֲנִי֙ עֲרַ֣ל שְׂפָתַ֔יִם	1		This is a metaphor that means that Moses thought he was not a good speaker. It is somewhat crude, and your translation of this phrase could convey that Moses spoke impolitely. See how you translated this in 6:12 Alternate translation: “And I always fail to speak well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
593	EXO	7	intro	r9we			0		Exodus 07 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Miracles When Yahweh had Moses perform miracles, Pharaoh’s men were able to copy these miracles. It is unknown how they were able to do this, but since it was not from Yahweh, they were probably done under some evil power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Pharaoh’s hard heart Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard, strong, or heavy in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. “Let my people go” This is a very important statement. Moses is not asking Pharaoh to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. Possible translation difficulties in this chapter include: Moses as God to Pharaoh A number of difficult terms: prophet, signs, wonders, miracles, sorcerers, magicians, magic, judgements, canals, reservoirs The use of “heart” to refer to the seat of will and emotion Up to third-level quotations
594	EXO	7	1	4vak	figs-quotemarks	מֹשֶׁ֔ה	1		After this phrase, a direct quote begins which continues to the end of verse 5. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
595	EXO	7	1	gy1t		רְאֵ֛ה	1		This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. Alternative translation: “Listen carefully”
596	EXO	7	1	dn1s	figs-metaphor	נְתַתִּ֥י⁠ךָ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְ⁠פַרְעֹ֑ה	1	I have made you like a god	This means Moses would represent the same authority to Pharaoh as God did to Moses. See how you translated the very similar phrase in Exodus 4:16, see this note. Alternate translation: “I will cause Pharaoh to consider you as a god” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
597	EXO	7	1	z163	figs-metaphor	וְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֥ן אָחִ֖י⁠ךָ יִהְיֶ֥ה נְבִיאֶֽ⁠ךָ	1		This phrase compares Aaron to a prophet because he will be the one actually to proclaim to Pharaoh what Moses tells him. See how you translated a similar phrase in Exodus 4:16, see this note. Alternate translation: “and Aaron your brother will act like your prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
598	EXO	7	2	l44v	figs-kinship	אָחִ֨י⁠ךָ֙	1		Aaron is older than Moses. Some languages will use a different term for the sibling relationship based on gender and age order. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-kinship]])
599	EXO	7	2	hdwo	figs-quotations	וְ⁠שִׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵ⁠אַרְצֽ⁠וֹ	1		Some languages may need to make this a direct quote. If so, be sure to mark it as a second-level quotation, subordinate to Yahweh’s main speech. Alternative translation: “saying, ‘You must let the sons of Israel go from your land’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
600	EXO	7	2	204o		מֵ⁠אַרְצֽ⁠וֹ	1		“Egypt”
601	EXO	7	3	adsq	figs-metaphor	אַקְשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה	1		This means God will make him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart were hard. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in Exodus 4:21, but note the slightly different metaphor there: the heart being strong vs. hard. Alternate translation: “will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
602	EXO	7	3	vtt1	figs-doublet	אֶת־אֹתֹתַ֛⁠י וְ⁠אֶת־מוֹפְתַ֖⁠י	1	many signs…many wonders	The words signs and wonders mean basically the same thing. God uses them to emphasize the greatness of what he will do in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
603	EXO	7	4	ar0l	figs-youdual	אֲלֵ⁠כֶם֙	1		Here, you means Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual form (if you have one) or plural form (if not) here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
604	EXO	7	4	e2kv	figs-metonymy	יָדִ֖⁠י	1	put my hand on	The words my hand represent God’s great power. Alternate translation: “my power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
605	EXO	7	4	0r0r	figs-metonymy	בְּ⁠מִצְרָ֑יִם	1		On Egypt refers to the land and everything in it, including people, animals, and plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
606	EXO	7	4	nilu		אֶת־צִבְאֹתַ֜⁠י אֶת־עַמִּ֤⁠י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙	1		These phrases refer to the Israelites in three different ways; they do not refer to three different groups of people. Armies is the same word used in Exodus 6:26. Alternate translation: “the armies of my Israelite people”
607	EXO	7	5	cg3n	grammar-connect-logic-result	וְ⁠יָדְע֤וּ מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה	1		This is the result of God rescuing the Israelites. In some languages the result will have to be placed after the cause, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
608	EXO	7	5	npd6	figs-metonymy	בִּ⁠נְטֹתִ֥⁠י אֶת־יָדִ֖⁠י עַל	1	reach out with my hand on	This phrase represents God’s great power. Alternate translation: “when I show my powerful acts against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
609	EXO	7	5	dguc	grammar-connect-logic-goal	וְ⁠הוֹצֵאתִ֥י אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִ⁠תּוֹכָֽ⁠ם	1		The goal of God’s powerful acts was to rescue the Israelites. Alternate translation: “so that I bring the sons of Israel out from their midst” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
610	EXO	7	5	8576	figs-quotemarks	מִ⁠תּוֹכָֽ⁠ם	1		At the end of this verse, the direct quote that began in verse 1 ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. Note that the UST is reordered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
611	EXO	7	6	iii5	figs-parallelism	וַ⁠יַּ֥עַשׂ…עָשֽׂוּ	1		This repetition emphasizes the statement. Some languages can use repetition for emphasis; others will need to use another way of expressing emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
612	EXO	7	7	liir	writing-background	וּ⁠מֹשֶׁה֙ בֶּן־שְׁמֹנִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְ⁠אַֽהֲרֹ֔ן בֶּן־שָׁלֹ֥שׁ וּ⁠שְׁמֹנִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה בְּ⁠דַבְּרָ֖⁠ם אֶל־פַּרְעֹֽה	1		This verse contains background information. If your language marks background information with particular discourse features, use them here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
613	EXO	7	7	g7i5	translate-numbers	שְׁמֹנִ֣ים…שָׁלֹ֥שׁ וּ⁠שְׁמֹנִ֖ים	1	Aaron eighty-three years old	“eighty … eighty-three” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
614	EXO	7	7	9ou3	figs-idiom	בֶּן־שְׁמֹנִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה…בֶּן־שָׁלֹ֥שׁ וּ⁠שְׁמֹנִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה	1		This is an idiom that refers to their age. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
615	EXO	7	8	pwph	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה	1		This verse marks the beginning of new sections, both major and minor. The major story of the plagues and Exodus itself unfolds from here until after Pharaoh’s army is defeated at the Red Sea.  The next minor event is the miracle of the rods becoming snakes. Either by using particular forms that your language uses to mark transitions or by making a section break and heading, this transition should be marked for readers.  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
616	EXO	7	8	p2kf		לֵ⁠אמֹֽר	1		Here, saying marks the beginning of a direct quote and is often omitted in translation when such a construction is unnatural in the target language. See UST.
617	EXO	7	9	b0jl	figs-quotemarks	כִּי֩ יְדַבֵּ֨ר אֲלֵ⁠כֶ֤ם פַּרְעֹה֙ לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר תְּנ֥וּ לָ⁠כֶ֖ם מוֹפֵ֑ת וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן קַ֧ח אֶֽת־מַטְּ⁠ךָ֛ וְ⁠הַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ לִ⁠פְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה יְהִ֥י לְ⁠תַנִּֽין	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
618	EXO	7	9	jt9z	figs-quotations	כִּי֩ יְדַבֵּ֨ר אֲלֵ⁠כֶ֤ם פַּרְעֹה֙ לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר תְּנ֥וּ לָ⁠כֶ֖ם מוֹפֵ֑ת וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן קַ֧ח אֶֽת־מַטְּ⁠ךָ֛ וְ⁠הַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ לִ⁠פְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה יְהִ֥י לְ⁠תַנִּֽין	1	When Pharaoh says to you, ‘Do a miracle,’ then you will say to Aaron, ‘Take your staff and throw it down before Pharaoh, so that it may become a snake.’	The two quotations in this verse could be stated as indirect quotes. Alternate translation: “When Pharaoh tells you to do a miracle, then you will tell Aaron to take his staff and throw it down before Pharaoh so that it may become a snake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
619	EXO	7	9	ye9j	figs-quotemarks	תְּנ֥וּ לָ⁠כֶ֖ם מוֹפֵ֑ת	1		This is a second-level direct quotation. If you did not decide to make it an indirect quotation, it may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
620	EXO	7	9	r0tp	figs-quotemarks	קַ֧ח אֶֽת־מַטְּ⁠ךָ֛ וְ⁠הַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ לִ⁠פְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה יְהִ֥י לְ⁠תַנִּֽין	1		This is a second-level direct quotation. The second level may end after Pharaoh. If you did not decide to make it an indirect quotation, it may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
621	EXO	7	9	p3xh		לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר	1		Here, saying marks the beginning of a direct quote and is often omitted in translation when such a construction is unnatural in the target language. See UST.
622	EXO	7	9	ms5o	figs-youdual	אֲלֵ⁠כֶ֤ם…לָ⁠כֶ֖ם	1		These are plural, referring to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual form (if you have one) or plural form (if not) here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
623	EXO	7	9	6hfg	figs-quotesinquotes	תְּנ֥וּ לָ⁠כֶ֖ם מוֹפֵ֑ת	1		This is a second-level quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer level. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
624	EXO	7	9	s5a9		קַ֧ח אֶֽת־מַטְּ⁠ךָ֛ וְ⁠הַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ לִ⁠פְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה יְהִ֥י לְ⁠תַנִּֽין	1		This is a second-level quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer level. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
625	EXO	7	9	ogk9	figs-metonymy	לִ⁠פְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה	1		Although before the face of still has the standard figurative meaning of “in the presence of,” it is a much more literal use here. Moses and Aaron are to actually do the miracles in front of Pharaoh so that Pharaoh can see them. Alternative translation: “so Pharaoh can see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
626	EXO	7	10	4q7r	figs-metonymy	לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י פַרְעֹ֛ה וְ⁠לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י עֲבָדָ֖י⁠ו	1		This time, while before the face of still has the standard figurative meaning of “in the presence of,” it is a much more literal use here. Aaron actually does this right in front of Pharaoh and his servants so they could watch what happens. Alternative translation: “where Pharaoh and his servants could see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
627	EXO	7	10	3dkq		עֲבָדָ֖י⁠ו	1		His servants probably refers to important advisors that would be in the king’s court, and does not refer common servants.
628	EXO	7	11	mqde		לַֽ⁠חֲכָמִ֖ים וְ⁠לַֽ⁠מְכַשְּׁפִ֑ים…חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י	1		Here, magicians probably describes both wise men and sorcerers rather than being a third group. See translationWords articles for each term.
629	EXO	7	12	u6np		וַ⁠יִּבְלַ֥ע	1	swallowed up	“ate up” or “devoured”
630	EXO	7	12	m0kw	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	וַ⁠יִּבְלַ֥ע מַטֵּֽה־אַהֲרֹ֖ן אֶת־מַטֹּתָֽ⁠ם	1		This is a surprising and amusing twist which was not what the magicians expected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
631	EXO	7	12	prnp	figs-personification	מַטֵּֽה…מַטֹּתָֽ⁠ם	1		It may be necessary in some languages to translate the word staff as “snake” since it had turned into one. This may be true if it would not make sense in the target language to say that a staff swallowed or ate something (because it is not living). It may also be not make sense in some languages to speak of the snakes as staffs once transformed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
632	EXO	7	13	g42f	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יֶּחֱזַק֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה	1	Pharaoh’s heart was hardened	Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart were strong. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in Exodus 4:21, but note that this is a neutral statement (it does not say that anyone caused him to be stubborn, as many others in this part of the narrative do). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh was still defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
633	EXO	7	13	2fve		כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה	1		Because Yahweh’s prediction precedes this event, some languages may need to place the reference to that prediction before the statement that it was fulfilled. See UST.
634	EXO	7	14	d27r	figs-metaphor	כָּבֵ֖ד לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה	1	Pharaoh’s heart is hard	Yahweh speaks of Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude as if Pharaoh’s heart were heavy. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. This is a neutral statement (it does not say that anyone caused him to be stubborn as many others in this part of the narrative do). See how you translated this in Exodus 7:13, but note the slightly different metaphor there: the heart being heavy vs strong. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh is defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
635	EXO	7	14	qiyx	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר	1		A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
636	EXO	7	14	t79b	figs-quotemarks	מֹשֶׁ֔ה	1		After this phrase, a direct quote begins which continues to the end of verse 18. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
637	EXO	7	15	ecby		הִנֵּה֙	1		This is used to draw attention to information that follows.
638	EXO	7	15	c5np		יֹצֵ֣א הַ⁠מַּ֔יְמָ⁠ה	1	when he goes out to the water	There are various theories as to what Pharaoh went down to the Nile to do, but there is no need to speculate or specify in the translation.
639	EXO	7	16	yqp7		וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗י⁠ו	1	Say to him	“Say to Pharaoh”
640	EXO	7	16	i4yt	figs-quotemarks	יְהוָ֞ה	1		This begins a second-level quotation that continues until the end of verse 18. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
641	EXO	7	16	uvxe	figs-possession	אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָ⁠עִבְרִים֙	1		Yahweh claimed the Hebrews (Israelites) as his own. They worshiped him. This is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
642	EXO	7	16	d16q	figs-quotesinquotes	שַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔⁠י וְ⁠יַֽעַבְדֻ֖⁠נִי בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּ֑ר וְ⁠הִנֵּ֥ה לֹא־שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ עַד־כֹּֽה	1		This is a third-level quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer levels. Alternatively, you could translate it as an indirect quotation as in the UST. If you do this, take care to adjust the pronoun person (second/third) as appropriate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
643	EXO	7	16	cwox		וְ⁠הִנֵּ֥ה	1		Behold is used to draw attention to the information that follows. In some languages, it will not be translated.
644	EXO	7	17	j1ev		כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה	1	strike the water	This is a standard formula used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See 4:intro for more information.
645	EXO	7	17	mywj	figs-quotesinquotes	בְּ⁠זֹ֣את	1		This begins a third-level quotation that continues until the end of verse 18. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer levels. It is possible that the third-level quote actually ends before Behold, in which case, in the rest of the quote I refers to Moses, not Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
646	EXO	7	17	jjm3		הִנֵּ֨ה	1		Behold is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. Alternate translation: “Look at this”
647	EXO	7	18	bsjn	grammar-connect-logic-result	וּ⁠בָאַ֣שׁ הַ⁠יְאֹ֑ר	1		The river will stink will happen because the fish die. Alternate translation: “and because of that the river will stink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
648	EXO	7	18	nx0q	grammar-connect-logic-result	וְ⁠נִלְא֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִ⁠שְׁתּ֥וֹת מַ֖יִם מִן־הַ⁠יְאֹֽר	1		In some languages you will need to put the reason before the result. Alternative translation: “In order to find water to drink from the river, the Egyptians will exhaust themselves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
649	EXO	7	18	350i	figs-rpronouns	וְ⁠נִלְא֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם	1		Here, themselves refers back to the subject (the Egyptians) to indicated that the Egyptians are the object of the verb as well. Different languages have different methods of marking this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
650	EXO	7	18	grwh	figs-quotemarks	מִן־הַ⁠יְאֹֽר	1		After this phrase, the direct quote of Yahweh’s commands ends. Depending on your decisions about the embedded quotation levels, you may have up to three levels of quotations that need to be closed here. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with closing quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation and quotations within quotations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
651	EXO	7	19	jima	figs-quotemarks	אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֡ן קַ֣ח מַטְּ⁠ךָ֣ וּ⁠נְטֵֽה־יָדְ⁠ךָ֩ עַל־מֵימֵ֨י מִצְרַ֜יִם עַֽל־נַהֲרֹתָ֣⁠ם׀ עַל־יְאֹרֵי⁠הֶ֣ם וְ⁠עַל־אַגְמֵי⁠הֶ֗ם וְ⁠עַ֛ל כָּל־מִקְוֵ֥ה מֵימֵי⁠הֶ֖ם וְ⁠יִֽהְיוּ־דָ֑ם וְ⁠הָ֤יָה דָם֙ בְּ⁠כָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּ⁠בָ⁠עֵצִ֖ים וּ⁠בָ⁠אֲבָנִֽים	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
652	EXO	7	19	9o1q	figs-quotemarks	קַ֣ח מַטְּ⁠ךָ֣ וּ⁠נְטֵֽה־יָדְ⁠ךָ֩ עַל־מֵימֵ֨י מִצְרַ֜יִם עַֽל־נַהֲרֹתָ֣⁠ם׀ עַל־יְאֹרֵי⁠הֶ֣ם וְ⁠עַל־אַגְמֵי⁠הֶ֗ם וְ⁠עַ֛ל כָּל־מִקְוֵ֥ה מֵימֵי⁠הֶ֖ם וְ⁠יִֽהְיוּ־דָ֑ם	1		This is a second-level direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
653	EXO	7	19	ysi7	figs-merism	עַֽל־נַהֲרֹתָ֣⁠ם׀ עַל־יְאֹרֵי⁠הֶ֣ם וְ⁠עַל־אַגְמֵי⁠הֶ֗ם וְ⁠עַ֛ל כָּל־מִקְוֵ֥ה מֵימֵי⁠הֶ֖ם	1		This list is meant to expand on and reinforce the idea of all of the water in Egypt. You should translate the list in such a way that the locations of the blood are not limited to these specific places, but to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
654	EXO	7	19	wxp2		בְּ⁠כָל־אֶ֣רֶץ	1	throughout all	“in every part of”
655	EXO	7	19	msxp	figs-possession	וּ⁠בָ⁠עֵצִ֖ים וּ⁠בָ⁠אֲבָנִֽים	1		This possessive show composition. Alternate translation: “and in containers made from wood and in containers made from stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
656	EXO	7	20	zy18	figs-explicit	בַּ⁠יְאֹ֔ר	1	in the river	The name of the river may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “in the Nile River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
657	EXO	7	20	mj8v	figs-metonymy	לְ⁠עֵינֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וּ⁠לְ⁠עֵינֵ֖י עֲבָדָ֑י⁠ו	1		This means in their sight. Alternate translation: “in the sight of Pharaoh and his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
658	EXO	7	22	6njd	translate-unknown	חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י	1		See how you translated this term in 7:11. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
659	EXO	7	22	qdc7	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יֶּחֱזַ֤ק לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֙	1	Pharaoh’s heart was hardened	Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart were strong. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. This is a neutral statement (it does not say that anyone caused him to be stubborn as many others in this part of the narrative do). See how you translated this in Exodus 7:13. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh was still defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
660	EXO	7	22	sbic		כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה	1		Because Yahweh’s prediction precedes this event, some languages may need to place the reference to that prediction before the statement that it was fulfilled. See UST and how you handled this in 7:13 where the same sentence appears.
661	EXO	7	23	atdk	figs-idiom	וְ⁠לֹא־שָׁ֥ת לִבּ֖⁠וֹ גַּם־לָ⁠זֹֽאת	1		This is an idiom meaning Pharaoh did not think about the meaning of the miracle he had just seen. Alternate translation: “And he did not consider what even this meant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
662	EXO	7	24	m6zn	figs-hyperbole	כָל־מִצְרַ֛יִם	1	All the Egyptians	The word all here is a generalization that means “many.” At the least, the upper class would have sent their slaves to dig for them. Alternate translation: “Many of the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
663	EXO	7	25	93t8	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יִּמָּלֵ֖א	1		A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
664	EXO	7	25	5ma1	figs-idiom	וַ⁠יִּמָּלֵ֖א שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים	1		This is an idiom meaning seven days later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
665	EXO	7	25	8aut	translate-numbers	שִׁבְעַ֣ת	1		“7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
666	EXO	8	intro	ww1y			0		Exodus 08 General Notes Possible translation difficulties in this chapter the exact insects in plagues 3-4 are not certain, translation teams will need to decide what insects they can use for each Pharaoh makes his own heart heavy, that is, he determines to be proud and resist Yahweh twice in this chapter the Israelites’ sacrifices are spoken of as an abomination to the Egyptians but it is not specified how or why that is Lifting up the hand and staff: In the next few chapters God will instruct Moses and/or Aaron to raise his hand and/or staff. The narrative will then record that whoever will raise his hand and/or staff. The instruction and the action do not always match exactly. God may say raise your hand and the narrative may say Moses raised his staff. These are not conflicting reports. Translators should understand that the hand and the staff are always understood together. They are one unit and they can both be mentioned or they can be mentioned separately. In each case, Moses or Aaron raises his hand with the staff in it. This fact is merely expressed differently. Special concepts in this chapter Pharaoh’s hard heart Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh. Let my people go This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
667	EXO	8	1	tf7b	figs-quotations	בֹּ֖א	1		This begins a direct quote that continues until the end of verse 4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
668	EXO	8	1	v6ll		כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה	1		This is a standard formula used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See 4:intro for more information.
669	EXO	8	1	lndc	figs-quotesinquotes	כֹּ֚ה	1		This begins a second-level quote that continues until the end of verse 4. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer level. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
670	EXO	8	1	kure	figs-quotesinquotes	שַׁלַּ֥ח	1		This begins a third-level quote that continues until the end of verse 4. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer levels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
671	EXO	8	2	s7y1	figs-ellipsis	לְ⁠שַׁלֵּ֑חַ	1		What Pharaoh is to let go is not specified, but “my people” or “the Israelites” are the understood object. Alternate translation: “to let the Israelites go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
672	EXO	8	2	aei8		הִנֵּ֣ה	1		Behold is an interjection meant to focus the attention of the listener on what comes next, in this case a dire warning. Alternate translation: “look out”
673	EXO	8	3	5zo6	figs-merism	בְּ⁠בֵיתֶ֔⁠ךָ וּ⁠בַ⁠חֲדַ֥ר מִשְׁכָּבְ⁠ךָ֖ וְ⁠עַל־מִטָּתֶ֑⁠ךָ וּ⁠בְ⁠בֵ֤ית עֲבָדֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ וּ⁠בְ⁠עַמֶּ֔⁠ךָ וּ⁠בְ⁠תַנּוּרֶ֖י⁠ךָ וּ⁠בְ⁠מִשְׁאֲרוֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ	1		This long list means “everywhere in Egypt.” It is presented in this way for rhetorical effect, that is, to convince Pharaoh of how bad this plague will be so he will obey. You should translate the list in such a way that the frogs’ location is not limited to these specific places. The list should imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
674	EXO	8	4	okok	figs-quotemarks		1		Up to three levels of quotes end at the end of this verse. Depending on how many levels you chose to mark as direct quotations, you should indicate them ending here with closing second-level (and third-level) quotation mark(s) or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of quotations and quotations within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
675	EXO	8	5	wll3	figs-quotemarks	אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן נְטֵ֤ה אֶת־יָדְ⁠ךָ֙ בְּ⁠מַטֶּ֔⁠ךָ עַל־הַ֨⁠נְּהָרֹ֔ת עַל־הַ⁠יְאֹרִ֖ים וְ⁠עַל־הָ⁠אֲגַמִּ֑ים וְ⁠הַ֥עַל אֶת־הַֽ⁠צְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level opening and closing quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
676	EXO	8	5	ley6	figs-quotations	וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן	1		It may be helpful to translate this first quotation indirectly to avoid having two levels of quotations in this verse. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh told Moses to say to Aaron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
677	EXO	8	5	5myy	figs-quotemarks	נְטֵ֤ה אֶת־יָדְ⁠ךָ֙ בְּ⁠מַטֶּ֔⁠ךָ עַל־הַ֨⁠נְּהָרֹ֔ת עַל־הַ⁠יְאֹרִ֖ים וְ⁠עַל־הָ⁠אֲגַמִּ֑ים וְ⁠הַ֥עַל אֶת־הַֽ⁠צְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם	1		This is a second-level direct quotation (if you chose to make Say to Aaron a direct quotation). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with second-level opening and closing quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation inside a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
678	EXO	8	5	1qzz		יָדְ⁠ךָ֙ בְּ⁠מַטֶּ֔⁠ךָ	1		See note in the introduction to chapter 8 regarding the hand and staff.
679	EXO	8	5	z19q	figs-merism	עַל־הַ֨⁠נְּהָרֹ֔ת עַל־הַ⁠יְאֹרִ֖ים וְ⁠עַל־הָ⁠אֲגַמִּ֑ים	1		This list is meant to convey the idea of all the water in Egypt where frogs might live. You should translate the list in such a way that the locations are not limited to these specific places. The list should imply universality. This is made clear in 8:6.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
680	EXO	8	6	wf3a	figs-explicit	וַ⁠יֵּ֤ט אַהֲרֹן֙	1		It is implied that Moses told Yahweh’s instructions to Aaron. You may choose to make this explicit as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
681	EXO	8	6	3t7n	figs-explicit	יָד֔⁠וֹ	1		It is implied that Aaron was holding his staff as instructed. You may choose to make this explicit. See note in the introduction to chapter 8 regarding the hand and staff. Alternate translation: “his hand holding his staff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
682	EXO	8	6	j1w7	figs-synecdoche	וַ⁠יֵּ֤ט אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶת־יָד֔⁠וֹ עַ֖ל מֵימֵ֣י	1		Aaron would not have been able to reach his hand over all the water in Egypt. He likely stretched his hand over some nearby portion of the Nile symbolizing all the water of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
683	EXO	8	6	drmg	figs-explicit	וַ⁠תַּ֨עַל֙	1		Verse 3 has specified from where the frogs will come. Here it is implied, but you may make it explicit as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
684	EXO	8	6	rxze	figs-collectivenouns	הַ⁠צְּפַרְדֵּ֔עַ	1		There were so many frogs that the text uses the collective singular. If that does not make sense in your language, you may simply use the plural as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
685	EXO	8	6	j83d	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠תַּ֨עַל֙ הַ⁠צְּפַרְדֵּ֔עַ וַ⁠תְּכַ֖ס אֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם	1		This means that there were frogs everywhere in Egypt. The image is like that of a blanket smothering the entire country. (Or more directly, like one giant, nation-sized frog sitting on top of the entire land). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
686	EXO	8	7	5yzg	translate-unknown	הַֽ⁠חֲרְטֻמִּ֖ים בְּ⁠לָטֵי⁠הֶ֑ם	1		See how you translated these in 7:11. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
687	EXO	8	8	mhn3		וַ⁠יִּקְרָ֨א פַרְעֹ֜ה לְ⁠מֹשֶׁ֣ה וּֽ⁠לְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֗ן	1	Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron	“Then Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron” or “And the king summoned Moses and Aaron”
688	EXO	8	8	nfe3	figs-explicit	וַ⁠יִּקְרָ֨א פַרְעֹ֜ה לְ⁠מֹשֶׁ֣ה וּֽ⁠לְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֗ן וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר֙	1		It is implied that Moses and Aaron came between being called and Pharaoh speaking to them. You may need to make that explicit. Alternate translation: “And Pharaoh called for Moses and for Aaron, and after they came he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
689	EXO	8	8	pc7e	figs-quotemarks	הַעְתִּ֣ירוּ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְ⁠יָסֵר֙ הַֽ⁠צְפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִמֶּ֖⁠נִּי וּ⁠מֵֽ⁠עַמִּ֑⁠י וַ⁠אֲשַׁלְּחָה֙ אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֔ם וְ⁠יִזְבְּח֖וּ לַ⁠יהוָֽה	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
690	EXO	8	8	tx3t	figs-quotations	וְ⁠יָסֵר֙ הַֽ⁠צְפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִמֶּ֖⁠נִּי וּ⁠מֵֽ⁠עַמִּ֑⁠י	1		In some languages you may have to make the content of Pharaoh’s prayer to Yahweh a direct quote. Note that this will make it a second-level quotation and you will need to mark it with second-level quotation markings if your language uses them. Alternate translation: “ ‘Please take away the frogs from me and from my people’ ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
691	EXO	8	8	qku4	grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	וַ⁠אֲשַׁלְּחָה֙ אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֔ם וְ⁠יִזְבְּח֖וּ לַ⁠יהוָֽה	1		This promise is conditional on the frogs going away. Alternate translation: “Once the frogs are gone, I will let the people go, and they may sacrifice to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
692	EXO	8	9	bm7x	figs-quotemarks	הִתְפָּאֵ֣ר עָלַ⁠י֒ לְ⁠מָתַ֣י׀ אַעְתִּ֣יר לְ⁠ךָ֗ וְ⁠לַ⁠עֲבָדֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ וּֽ⁠לְ⁠עַמְּ⁠ךָ֔ לְ⁠הַכְרִית֙ הַֽ⁠צֲפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִמְּ⁠ךָ֖ וּ⁠מִ⁠בָּתֶּ֑י⁠ךָ רַ֥ק בַּ⁠יְאֹ֖ר תִּשָּׁאַֽרְנָה	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
693	EXO	8	9	khfd	figs-irony	הִתְפָּאֵ֣ר עָלַ⁠י֒	1		Moses speaks with false humility here. He is ironically pointing out Pharaoh’s powerlessness before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You can choose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
694	EXO	8	9	g0lu	figs-merism	לְ⁠ךָ֗ וְ⁠לַ⁠עֲבָדֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ וּֽ⁠לְ⁠עַמְּ⁠ךָ֔…מִמְּ⁠ךָ֖ וּ⁠מִ⁠בָּתֶּ֑י⁠ךָ	1		These lists mean “for everyone” and “from everywhere” (in Egypt). This makes clear that Moses will ask for a complete end of the plague. You should translate the list in such a way that it does not convey limitation to these specifics, but is understood to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
695	EXO	8	10	g5e7	figs-quotemarks	לְ⁠מָחָ֑ר	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
696	EXO	8	10	tvjo	figs-quotemarks	כִּ⁠דְבָ֣רְ⁠ךָ֔	1		A direct quote begins here which continues to the end of the next verse. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
697	EXO	8	10	ofw3	grammar-connect-logic-goal	לְמַ֣עַן תֵּדַ֔ע כִּי־אֵ֖ין כַּ⁠יהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי⁠נוּ	1		This knowledge is the goal of Yahweh’s granting a respite from the frogs. In some languages you may need to place this at the end of verse 11 after Moses says the frogs will leave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
698	EXO	8	10	8120	figs-exclusive	אֱלֹהֵֽי⁠נוּ	1		Here, our refers to the Israelites’ God, excluding Pharaoh and the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
699	EXO	8	11	zwqo	figs-merism	מִמְּ⁠ךָ֙ וּ⁠מִ⁠בָּ֣תֶּ֔י⁠ךָ וּ⁠מֵ⁠עֲבָדֶ֖י⁠ךָ וּ⁠מֵ⁠עַמֶּ֑⁠ךָ	1		This list means “from everywhere and everyone” (in Egypt). This shows that the end of the plague will be as complete as its extent. You should translate the list in such a way that it does not convey limitation to these specifics, but is understood to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
700	EXO	8	11	ttyr	figs-quotemarks	רַ֥ק בַּ⁠יְאֹ֖ר תִּשָּׁאַֽרְנָה	1		After this phrase, the direct quote of Moses that started in the previous verse ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
701	EXO	8	12	jjv2		שָׂ֥ם	1		“Yahweh had set”
702	EXO	8	12	nxyi	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה וְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֖ן	1		A minor scene shift occurs here and may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
703	EXO	8	13	80ei	figs-merism	מִן־הַ⁠בָּתִּ֥ים מִן־הַ⁠חֲצֵרֹ֖ת וּ⁠מִן־הַ⁠שָּׂדֹֽת	1		This list means “from everywhere” (in Egypt). This makes clear that there was a complete end of the plague. You should translate the list in such a way that it does not convey limitation to these specifics, but is understood to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
704	EXO	8	14	a03n		חֳמָרִ֣ם חֳמָרִ֑ם	1		Literally, “piles piles.” Repetition is used in Hebrew to emphasize how many or how big they were.
705	EXO	8	15	lv2n	figs-metaphor	וְ⁠הַכְבֵּד֙ אֶת־לִבּ֔⁠וֹ	1	he hardened his heart	Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if he made his own heart heavy. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in Exodus 7:14, but note, there, that the state of Pharaoh’s heart is reported, whereas here, Pharaoh makes his own heart heavy. Alternate translation: “and Pharaoh determined to be defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
706	EXO	8	15	b47h		כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה	1	just as Yahweh had said that he would do	“just as Yahweh had said Pharaoh would do”
707	EXO	8	16	7tgc	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮	1		A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. This is the start of the third plague sequence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
708	EXO	8	16	s5gh	figs-quotations	אֱמֹר֙ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן נְטֵ֣ה אֶֽת־מַטְּ⁠ךָ֔ וְ⁠הַ֖ךְ אֶת־עֲפַ֣ר הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ וְ⁠הָיָ֥ה לְ⁠כִנִּ֖ם בְּ⁠כָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. However, it may be helpful to translate one of the parts as an indirect quotation so that you do not have to have two levels of quotations here. Alternate translation: see UST or “[And Yahweh told Moses] to tell Aaron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
709	EXO	8	16	xh9e	figs-quotemarks	נְטֵ֣ה אֶֽת־מַטְּ⁠ךָ֔ וְ⁠הַ֖ךְ אֶת־עֲפַ֣ר הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ וְ⁠הָיָ֥ה לְ⁠כִנִּ֖ם בְּ⁠כָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם	1		This is a second-level direct quotation (unless you translated one portion as an indirect quotation). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level (or first-level) quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation (within a quotation). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
710	EXO	8	16	joxz		נְטֵ֣ה אֶֽת־מַטְּ⁠ךָ֔ וְ⁠הַ֖ךְ	1		This is one action or motion but it is described with the two verbs that occur throughout this section of plague judgement.
711	EXO	8	16	4kyj		מַטְּ⁠ךָ֔	1		This is Aaron’s staff. See note in the introduction to chapter 8 regarding the hand and staff.
712	EXO	8	16	w5el	translate-unknown	לְ⁠כִנִּ֖ם	1		We do not know exactly what this word means. It is probably a tiny (as in dust-particle size) biting insect. You should choose a different insect here than in the next plague (8:21-8:31). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
713	EXO	8	17	8zno		וַ⁠יֵּט֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן אֶת־יָד֤⁠וֹ בְ⁠מַטֵּ֨⁠הוּ֙ וַ⁠יַּךְ֙ אֶת־עֲפַ֣ר הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ	1		Again, this is one action or motion but it is described with the two verbs that occur throughout this section of plague judgement. See how you translated it in the previous verse.
714	EXO	8	17	l784		יָד֤⁠וֹ בְ⁠מַטֵּ֨⁠הוּ֙	1		See note in the introduction to chapter 8 regarding the hand and staff.
715	EXO	8	17	nhgt	translate-unknown	הַ⁠כִּנָּ֔ם …כִנִּ֖ים	1		Again, we do not know this term for certain, so see how you translated it in 8:16. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
716	EXO	8	17	grg5	figs-hyperbole	כָּל־עֲפַ֥ר הָ⁠אָ֛רֶץ …בְּ⁠כָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם	1		This extraordinary statement is used to emphasize the extent and severity of the plague. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
717	EXO	8	18	9iqc	translate-unknown	הַ⁠חַרְטֻמִּ֧ים בְּ⁠לָטֵי⁠הֶ֛ם	1		See how you translated these in 7:11. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
718	EXO	8	18	ii85	translate-unknown	הַ⁠כִּנִּ֖ים …הַ⁠כִּנָּ֔ם	1		See how you translated this term in 8:16. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
719	EXO	8	19	22be	translate-unknown	הַֽ⁠חַרְטֻמִּים֙	1		See how you translated this term in 7:11. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
720	EXO	8	19	lk2k	figs-synecdoche	אֶצְבַּ֥ע אֱלֹהִ֖ים הִ֑וא	1	This is the finger of God	The words “finger of God” represent the power of God. Alternate translation: “This is the powerful work of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
721	EXO	8	19	z1w2	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יֶּחֱזַ֤ק לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֙	1	Pharaoh’s heart was hardened	Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was strong. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in Exodus 7:13. This is a neutral statement (it does not say that anyone caused him to be stubborn as many others in this part of the narrative do). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh was still defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
722	EXO	8	19	rp3i	writing-participants	אֲלֵ⁠הֶ֔ם	1		It is possible that them refers to the magicians here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
723	EXO	8	19	gjgg		כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה	1		Some languages will need to place this before the thing that Yahweh predicted, as in the UST.
724	EXO	8	20	j5n8		וְ⁠הִתְיַצֵּב֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה	1	stand in front of Pharaoh	“and present yourself to Pharaoh”
725	EXO	8	20	frfn	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה	1		A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. This is the beginning of the fourth plague sequence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
726	EXO	8	20	syv2	figs-metonymy	לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה	1		Here, face figuratively means the presence of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
727	EXO	8	20	2g25		הִנֵּ֖ה	1		This is used to draw attention to important information that is next. In some languages and translation styles it will make the most sense to omit this, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
728	EXO	8	20	uypa	figs-quotations	כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה	1		This phrase opens a direct quote which continues until the end of verse 23. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. However, you may also consider making the opening portion an indirect quote so that you do not have a quote inside of a quote for the next verses. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
729	EXO	8	20	eqd2		כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה	1	Let my people go	This is a standard formula used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See 4:intro for more information.
730	EXO	8	20	a7l7	figs-quotemarks	שַׁלַּ֥ח	1		This phrase opens a second-level direct quote which continues until the end of verse 23, unless you made thus says Yahweh an indirect quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
731	EXO	8	20	fgl3	grammar-connect-logic-goal	וְ⁠יַֽעַבְדֻֽ⁠נִי	1		This is the purpose of the people being let go. Alternate translation: “so they can serve me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
732	EXO	8	21	hitq		הִנְ⁠נִי֩	1		This is used to draw attention to important information that is next. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
733	EXO	8	21	hwcl	translate-collectivenouns	הֶ⁠עָרֹ֑ב…הֶ֣⁠עָרֹ֔ב	1		This is a collective singular noun that refers to a great number of swarming, biting insects. Alternate translation: “swarms of flies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-collectivenouns]])
734	EXO	8	21	2g9v	translate-unknown	הֶ⁠עָרֹ֑ב…הֶ֣⁠עָרֹ֔ב	1		These are probably the large common flies that bother humans and livestock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
735	EXO	8	21	foli	figs-merism	בְּ⁠ךָ֜ וּ⁠בַ⁠עֲבָדֶ֧י⁠ךָ וּֽ⁠בְ⁠עַמְּ⁠ךָ֛ וּ⁠בְ⁠בָתֶּ֖י⁠ךָ…בָּתֵּ֤י מִצְרַ֨יִם֙…וְ⁠גַ֥ם הָ⁠אֲדָמָ֖ה	1		This long list means, “everywhere in Egypt.” It is presented in this way for rhetorical effect, that is, to convince Pharaoh of how bad this plague will be so he will obey. You should translate the list in such a way that the flies’ location is not limited to these specific places, but is understood to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]
736	EXO	8	22	mv8w	grammar-connect-logic-result	לְ⁠בִלְתִּ֥י הֱיֽוֹת־שָׁ֖ם עָרֹ֑ב	1	General Information:	This is the result of Yahweh treating the land of Goshen differently. Alternate translation: “by keeping the swarm from there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
737	EXO	8	22	apum	translate-collectivenouns	עָרֹ֑ב	1		This is a collective singular noun that refers to a great number of swarming, biting insects. See how you translated this in 8:21. Alternate translation: “swarms of flies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-collectivenouns]])
738	EXO	8	22	85hp	translate-unknown	עָרֹ֑ב	1		These are probably the large common flies that bother humans and livestock. See how you translated this in 8:21 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
739	EXO	8	22	refq	grammar-connect-logic-goal	לְמַ֣עַן תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּ⁠קֶ֥רֶב הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ	1		This is the goal of treating the Israelites differently. In some languages you may need to put this phrase the beginning of the verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
740	EXO	8	22	a28h		אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּ⁠קֶ֥רֶב הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ	1		Here, am could be connecting I and Yahweh or it could be connecting I, Yahweh and in the middle of the land. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am in the middle of the land”
741	EXO	8	23	8fsp	figs-abstractnouns	פְדֻ֔ת	1		This is a noun derived from a verb meaning “to buy back.” Very broadly it can mean “to save or rescue.” See the next note regarding textual variants for more information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
742	EXO	8	23	tf4j	translate-textvariants	פְדֻ֔ת	1		Many translations follow the Septuagint here, which uses the word “division.” A minor change to the Hebrew would also produce the word translated “treat differently” in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “a division” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
743	EXO	8	23	u4gs		עַמִּ֖⁠י	1		Yahweh’s people, that is, the Israelites. Alternate translation: “the Israelites”
744	EXO	8	23	rg2c		עַמֶּ֑⁠ךָ	1		Pharaoh’s people, that is, the Egyptians. Alternate translation: “the Egyptians”
745	EXO	8	23	9c85	figs-quotemarks	לְ⁠מָחָ֥ר יִהְיֶ֖ה הָ⁠אֹ֥ת הַ⁠זֶּֽה׃	1		After this phrase, the three levels of direct quotations of Yahweh that started in 8:20 ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with closing first-level, second-level, and third-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of quotations. You may not have three levels if you made any level an indirect quote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
746	EXO	8	24	gw3c	figs-explicit	וַ⁠יַּ֤עַשׂ יְהוָה֙ כֵּ֔ן	1		The UST supplies a brief sentence filling in the gap between Yahweh’s command to Moses and the onset of the plague. Some languages will need something like that to make the progression of events clear. Alternate translation: “Moses obeyed the instructions Yahweh gave him and Pharaoh responded as Yahweh had said he would. And Yahweh did so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
747	EXO	8	24	lk5s	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יַּ֤עַשׂ יְהוָה֙ כֵּ֔ן	1		There is a minor scene change here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
748	EXO	8	24	ut0f	translate-unknown	עָרֹ֣ב	1		There are probably the large common flies that bother humans and livestock. See how you translated this in 8:21 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
749	EXO	8	24	dg0k	translate-go	וַ⁠יָּבֹא֙	1		Some languages may need to translate this as going rather than coming. Alternate translation: “and … went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
750	EXO	8	24	97aq	figs-merism	בֵּ֥יתָ⁠ה פַרְעֹ֖ה וּ⁠בֵ֣ית עֲבָדָ֑י⁠ו	1		This means “to everyone everywhere” (in Egypt) as made explicit in the next statement. This makes clear that the insects were throughout the land. You should translate this in such a way that it does not convey limitation to these specifics, but is understood to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
751	EXO	8	24	nd6e	figs-activepassive	תִּשָּׁחֵ֥ת הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ מִ⁠פְּנֵ֥י הֶ⁠עָרֹֽב	1	the land was ruined because of the swarms of flies	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The swarms of flies devastated the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
752	EXO	8	24	ngue	figs-metonymy	מִ⁠פְּנֵ֥י הֶ⁠עָרֹֽב	1		Here, face figuratively represents the presence of the insects. Alternate translation: “because the insects were everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
753	EXO	8	25	e7l0	grammar-connect-time-simultaneous	וַ⁠יִּקְרָ֣א	1		This happened during the plague. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
754	EXO	8	25	ciy5	figs-quotemarks	לְכ֛וּ זִבְח֥וּ לֵֽ⁠אלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֖ם בָּ⁠אָֽרֶץ	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
755	EXO	8	25	gj2w	figs-youdual	לֵֽ⁠אלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֖ם	1		Here, your is plural. it could refer either to Moses and Aaron or to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual form (if you have one) if your team decides it means Moses and Aaron, otherwise use a plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
756	EXO	8	26	tvnj	figs-quotemarks	וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה	1		After this phrase a direct quote begins that continues until the end of 8:27. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
757	EXO	8	26	9x8p		תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת מִצְרַ֔יִם…תּוֹעֲבַ֥ת מִצְרַ֛יִם	1		We do not know what about their sacrificing was an abomination to the Egyptians. The same term is used in Genesis 43:32 and 46:34 to describe the Egyptians’ feelings about eating with Hebrews and about the Hebrew profession of shepherding, respectively. Translators should attempt to convey the strong negative feelings that would be provoked in the Egyptians without speculating as to the cause.
758	EXO	8	26	43cl	figs-exclusive	נִזְבַּ֖ח …אֱלֹהֵ֑י⁠נוּ …נִזְבַּ֞ח …יִסְקְלֻֽ⁠נוּ	1		Here, we, our, and us should all be translated as exclusive (if your language makes that distinction). Pharaoh and the Egyptians are not included. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
759	EXO	8	26	i7dy	figs-rquestion	וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִסְקְלֻֽ⁠נוּ	1	will they not stone us?	Moses asks this question to show Pharaoh that the Egyptians would not allow the Israelites to worship Yahweh by making a sacrifice repugnant to them. Alternate translation: “they will certainly stone us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
760	EXO	8	26	gy7d	figs-metonymy	לְ⁠עֵינֵי⁠הֶ֖ם	1	right before their eyes	This is a figurative way of saying “where they can see.” Alternate translation: “in their sight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
761	EXO	8	27	ju3u	figs-exclusive	נֵלֵ֖ךְ…וְ⁠זָבַ֨חְנוּ֙…אֱלֹהֵ֔י⁠נוּ…אֵלֵֽי⁠נוּ	1		Here, we, our, and us should all be translated as exclusive (if your language makes that distinction). Pharaoh and his people are not included. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
762	EXO	8	27	clc3	figs-quotemarks	אֵלֵֽי⁠נוּ	1		After this phrase, the direct quote of Moses’ argument to Pharaoh ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
763	EXO	8	28	p3pd	figs-quotemarks	אָנֹכִ֞י אֲשַׁלַּ֤ח אֶתְ⁠כֶם֙ וּ⁠זְבַחְתֶּ֞ם לַ⁠יהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠כֶם֙ בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּ֔ר רַ֛ק הַרְחֵ֥ק לֹא־תַרְחִ֖יקוּ לָ⁠לֶ֑כֶת הַעְתִּ֖ירוּ בַּעֲדִֽ⁠י	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
764	EXO	8	28	qxes	figs-youdual	אֶתְ⁠כֶם֙ …אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠כֶם֙ …תַרְחִ֖יקוּ	1		If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
765	EXO	8	28	mla2		אֶתְ⁠כֶם֙	1		“the Israelites”
766	EXO	8	28	hnud	figs-idiom	הַרְחֵ֥ק…תַרְחִ֖יקוּ	1		In Hebrew, far is repeated to emphasize (with not) that they are absolutely not to go too far. If your language does not use repeating words like this, express the emphasis in another way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
767	EXO	8	29	kgkx	figs-quotemarks	הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י יוֹצֵ֤א מֵֽ⁠עִמָּ⁠ךְ֙ וְ⁠הַעְתַּרְתִּ֣י אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְ⁠סָ֣ר הֶ⁠עָרֹ֗ב מִ⁠פַּרְעֹ֛ה מֵ⁠עֲבָדָ֥י⁠ו וּ⁠מֵ⁠עַמּ֖⁠וֹ מָחָ֑ר רַ֗ק אַל־יֹסֵ֤ף פַּרְעֹה֙ הָתֵ֔ל לְ⁠בִלְתִּי֙ שַׁלַּ֣ח אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֔ם לִ⁠זְבֹּ֖חַ לַֽ⁠יהוָֽה	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
768	EXO	8	29	3hwq		הִנֵּ֨ה	1		This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation. Alternate translation: “Know this”
769	EXO	8	29	jirm	translate-unknown	הֶ⁠עָרֹ֗ב	1		These are probably the large common flies that bother humans and livestock. See how you translated this in 8:21 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
770	EXO	8	29	yvcl	figs-123person	מִ⁠פַּרְעֹ֛ה …פַּרְעֹה֙	1		Moses may be using the third person to refer to Pharaoh to show respect because the king appears to be relenting. If use of the third person is not a way of showing respect in your culture or is not a valid way of addressing an individual at all you may need to change the form. Alternate translation: “from you... you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
771	EXO	8	29	la3z	figs-merism	מִ⁠פַּרְעֹ֛ה מֵ⁠עֲבָדָ֥י⁠ו וּ⁠מֵ⁠עַמּ֖⁠וֹ	1		This list means “from everywhere and everyone” (in Egypt). This shows that the end of the plague will be as complete as its extent. You should translate the list in such a way that it does not convey limitation to these specifics, but is understood to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
772	EXO	8	29	bf85	figs-doublenegatives	אַל־יֹסֵ֤ף פַּרְעֹה֙ הָתֵ֔ל לְ⁠בִלְתִּי֙ שַׁלַּ֣ח אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֔ם	1	you must not deal deceitfully any more by not letting our people go	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you must begin to deal truthfully with us and let our people go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
773	EXO	8	29	hh4q		רַ֗ק אַל־יֹסֵ֤ף פַּרְעֹה֙ הָתֵ֔ל	1	But you must not deal deceitfully	“But you must not deceive us” or “But you must not lie to us”
774	EXO	8	30	49le	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֥א מֹשֶׁ֖ה	1		There is a minor scene shift here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
775	EXO	8	31	rj50	translate-unknown	הֶ⁠עָרֹ֔ב	1		These are probably the large common flies that bother humans and livestock. See how you translated this in 8:21 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
776	EXO	8	31	2ifs	figs-merism	מִ⁠פַּרְעֹ֖ה מֵ⁠עֲבָדָ֣י⁠ו וּ⁠מֵ⁠עַמּ֑⁠וֹ	1		This list means “from everyone and everywhere” (in Egypt). This makes clear that there was a complete end of the plague. You should translate the list in such a way that it does not convey limitation to these specifics, but is understood to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
777	EXO	8	31	mb4r	figs-hyperbole	לֹ֥א נִשְׁאַ֖ר אֶחָֽד	1		This extreme statement emphasizes how thoroughly Yahweh removed the insects from the land. Alternate translation: “There was not a single one of these insects left in the whole land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
778	EXO	8	32	sb5l	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יַּכְבֵּ֤ד פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶת־לִבּ֔⁠וֹ	1	Pharaoh hardened his heart	Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if he made his own heart heavy. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in 8:15. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh determined to be defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
779	EXO	9	intro	hqw8			0		Exodus 09 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Pharaoh’s hard heart Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Let my people go This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
780	EXO	9	1	se3f	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙	1	General Information:	A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. This is the beginning of the fifth plague sequence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
781	EXO	9	1	38fo	figs-quotemarks	אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה	1		After this phrase a direct quote begins which continues to the end of 9:4 and contains two more levels of quotes. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
782	EXO	9	1	0hcz	figs-quotemarks	אֵלָ֗י⁠ו	1		After this phrase a second-level direct quote begins which continues to the end of 9:4 and contains one more level of quotes. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
783	EXO	9	1	fo4o	figs-quotesinquotes	וְ⁠דִבַּרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗י⁠ו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽ⁠עִבְרִ֔ים	1		You may want to translate the quote beginning with Thus as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the levels of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “and say to him that Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
784	EXO	9	1	w0lg		כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙	1		This is a standard formula used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See 4:intro for more information.
785	EXO	9	1	x4bd		עַמִּ֖⁠י	1		“the Israelites”
786	EXO	9	2	l7ld	figs-parallelism	כִּ֛י אִם־מָאֵ֥ן אַתָּ֖ה לְ⁠שַׁלֵּ֑חַ וְ⁠עוֹדְ⁠ךָ֖ מַחֲזִ֥יק בָּֽ⁠ם	1	if you refuse to let them go, if you still keep them back	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “if you continue refusing to let them go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
787	EXO	9	3	fltr		הִנֵּ֨ה	1		This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. Alternate translation: “look out”
788	EXO	9	3	ume2	figs-metonymy	יַד־יְהוָ֜ה הוֹיָ֗ה בְּ⁠מִקְנְ⁠ךָ֙	1	then Yahweh’s hand will be on your cattle	Here, hand represents Yahweh’s power to afflict their animals with disease. Alternate translation: “then the power of Yahweh will afflict your livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
789	EXO	9	3	cjt9	figs-123person	יַד־יְהוָ֜ה	1		This is part of the reported speech that Yahweh wants Moses to say to Pharaoh. Therefore you could change the third person the hand of Yahweh to first person if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “my hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
790	EXO	9	3	tn3z	figs-youdual	בְּ⁠מִקְנְ⁠ךָ֙	1	on your cattle	While the word your here is not plural, the next verse shows that it refers to all the people of Egypt who owned cattle. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, you may want to use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
791	EXO	9	3	v8ur	figs-merism	בַּ⁠סּוּסִ֤ים בַּֽ⁠חֲמֹרִים֙ בַּ⁠גְּמַלִּ֔ים בַּ⁠בָּקָ֖ר וּ⁠בַ⁠צֹּ֑אן	1		This long list is meant to reinforce the universal effects of the coming plague. It is presented in this way for rhetorical effect, that is, to convince Pharaoh of how bad this plague will be so he will obey. You should translate the list in such a way that it is not limiting, but is understood to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]
792	EXO	9	3	2kqc	figs-collectivenouns	בַּ⁠בָּקָ֖ר …וּ⁠בַ⁠צֹּ֑אן	1		These singular nouns (cattle and flock) refer to groups of animals. Alternate translation: “on your bulls and cows and on your sheep and goats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
793	EXO	9	3	3ud8	figs-metaphor	כָּבֵ֥ד	1		Here, the plague is spoken of as if it weighed a lot. This means it would be very bad. Alternate translation: “severe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
794	EXO	9	4	x12r	figs-123person	יְהוָ֔ה	1		This is part of the reported speech that Yahweh wants Moses to say to Pharaoh. Therefore you could change the third person Yahweh to first person if it would be clearer in your language. You should do the same as you did in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
795	EXO	9	4	c9ob	figs-possession	מִקְנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל…מִקְנֵ֣ה מִצְרָ֑יִם	1		This means the livestock owned by the two groups. Alternate translation: “the livestock that the Israelites own… the livestock that the Egyptians own” or “the livestock belonging to the Israelites... the livestock belonging to the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
796	EXO	9	4	lp3t	figs-metonymy	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	1	Israel’s cattle	Here, Israel refers to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
797	EXO	9	4	u60c	figs-collectivenouns	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	1		This is a collective singular noun. If your language would not refer to a group of people in this way you may need to translate it as plural. Alternate translation: “the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
798	EXO	9	4	fs25	figs-metonymy	מִקְנֵ֣ה מִצְרָ֑יִם	1	Egypt’s cattle	Here, Egypt refers to the Egyptians. Alternate translation: “the Egyptian people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
799	EXO	9	4	2310		דָּבָֽר	1		“animal”
800	EXO	9	4	xk5d		מִ⁠כָּל־לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	1		“which belongs to any of the sons of Israel”
801	EXO	9	4	cbsz	figs-quotemarks	וְ⁠לֹ֥א יָמ֛וּת מִ⁠כָּל־לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל דָּבָֽר	1		After this phrase, the three levels of direct quotes of Yahweh ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with closing quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of levels of quotations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
802	EXO	9	5	vqz2		וַ⁠יָּ֥שֶׂם יְהוָ֖ה מוֹעֵ֣ד	1	fixed a time	“And Yahweh made an appointed time”
803	EXO	9	5	7jof		לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר	1		This marks the beginning of a direct quotation. It can be omitted in translation if your language does not use a similar form. However, in this sentence it is the only speech verb so you may need to translate it similar to the UST.
804	EXO	9	5	dh4h	figs-quotemarks	מָחָ֗ר יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה הַ⁠דָּבָ֥ר הַ⁠זֶּ֖ה בָּ⁠אָֽרֶץ	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
805	EXO	9	5	pxb1	figs-123person	יְהוָ֛ה	1		Yahweh is speaking here. Therefore you could change the third person Yahweh to first person if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
806	EXO	9	6	1ztr	figs-explicit	וַ⁠יַּ֨עַשׂ יְהוָ֜ה	1		It is implied that Moses went and spoke to Pharaoh as directed. You may need to may that explicit in your translation in some languages. Alternate translation: “Moses did as Yahweh had commanded. And Yahweh did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
807	EXO	9	6	cx5i	figs-hyperbole	כֹּ֖ל מִקְנֵ֣ה	1	All the cattle of Egypt died	This is exaggerated to emphasize the seriousness of the event. There were still some animals alive that were afflicted by later plagues. However, it may be best to translate this with the word “all.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
808	EXO	9	6	iccg		מִקְנֵ֣ה מִצְרָ֑יִם…וּ⁠מִ⁠מִּקְנֵ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	1		This means the livestock owned by the two groups. Alternate translation: “the livestock that the Egyptians own… But from the livestock that the Israelites own” or “the livestock belonging to the Egyptians... But form the livestock belonging to the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
809	EXO	9	6	gy7t	figs-metonymy	מִצְרָ֑יִם	1	cattle of Egypt	Here, Egypt refers to the Egyptians. Alternate translation: “the Egyptian peoples’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
810	EXO	9	6	6ewa	figs-metonymy	בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	1		Here, sons figuratively means descendants. The phrase speaks of all of the Israelites as descendants of the patriarch Jacob, who was also known as Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelite peoples’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
811	EXO	9	6	i0bl	figs-litotes	וּ⁠מִ⁠מִּקְנֵ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹא־מֵ֥ת אֶחָֽד	1		This emphatic negative statement could be stated positively. Alternate translation: “But every single one of the Israelites’ livestock lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
812	EXO	9	7	md84		וְ⁠הִנֵּ֗ה	1	behold	Behold is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. Alternate translation: “and listen”
813	EXO	9	7	rtny	figs-litotes	לֹא־מֵ֛ת מִ⁠מִּקְנֵ֥ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־אֶחָ֑ד	1		This emphatic negative statement could be stated positively. Alternate translation: “every single one of the Israelites’ livestock was alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
814	EXO	9	7	kkuc	figs-metonymy	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	1		Here, Israel refers to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “of the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
815	EXO	9	7	sfor	figs-collectivenouns	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	1		Israel is a collective singular noun. If your language would not refer to a group of people in this way you may need to translate it as plural. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
816	EXO	9	7	j51j	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יִּכְבַּד֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה	1	his heart was stubborn	Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was heavy. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. This is a neutral statement (it does not say that anyone caused him to be stubborn as many others in this part of the narrative do). See how you translated this in Exodus 7:14. Alternate translation: “But Pharaoh was defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
817	EXO	9	8	brm6	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮	1	kiln	A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. This is the start of the sixth plague scene.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
818	EXO	9	8	ik2i	figs-quotemarks	אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְ⁠אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן֒	1		After this phrase a direct quote begins. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
819	EXO	9	8	luhg	figs-youdual	לָ⁠כֶם֙…חָפְנֵי⁠כֶ֔ם	1		You and your refer to both Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use dual form (if you have one) or plural forms (if not) here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
820	EXO	9	8	51op		קְח֤וּ לָ⁠כֶם֙ מְלֹ֣א חָפְנֵי⁠כֶ֔ם	1		“Each of you fill both your hands with”
821	EXO	9	8	u5wn		פִּ֖יחַ כִּבְשָׁ֑ן	1		“ash from a furnace” or “ash produced by a furnace”
822	EXO	9	8	gk7f	figs-collectivenouns	פִּ֖יחַ	1		Here, ash is singular. For some languages you may need to make it plural as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
823	EXO	9	8	gu1v		הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֖יְמָ⁠ה	1		“toward the sky”
824	EXO	9	8	p795	figs-metonymy	לְ⁠עֵינֵ֥י פַרְעֹֽה	1		This means in his sight. Alternate translation: “in the sight of Pharaoh” or “so Pharaoh sees it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
825	EXO	9	9	d2v3	translate-unknown	לִ⁠שְׁחִ֥ין פֹּרֵ֛חַ אֲבַעְבֻּעֹ֖ת	1	fine	This is a disease where the skin is red and hot, the skin breaks, and blood and puss comes out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
826	EXO	9	9	jlh0	figs-gendernotations	הָ⁠אָדָ֜ם	1		This includes women and children. Alternate translation: “people” or “mankind” or “humans” See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
827	EXO	9	9	eyc7		הַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֗ה	1	to break out on	“wild and domestic animals” or “wild animals and livestock”
828	EXO	9	10	wdcn	figs-collectivenouns	פִּ֣יחַ	1		Here, ash is singular. For some languages you may need to make it plural as in the UST. See how you translated this in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
829	EXO	9	10	dp3l		פִּ֣יחַ הַ⁠כִּבְשָׁ֗ן	1		“ash from a furnace” or “ash produced by a furnace” See how you translated this in the previous verse.
830	EXO	9	10	ufpn	figs-metonymy	וַ⁠יַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה	1		Here, before the face of means in Pharaoh’s presence. Alternate translation: “and stood in Pharaoh’s presence” See how you translated a similar statement in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
831	EXO	9	10	xmbw		הַ⁠שָּׁמָ֑יְמָ⁠ה	1		“toward the sky” See how you translated this in the previous verse.
832	EXO	9	10	jhzb	translate-unknown	שְׁחִין֙ אֲבַעְבֻּעֹ֔ת פֹּרֵ֕חַ	1		This is a disease where the skin is red and hot, the skin breaks, and blood and puss comes out. See how you translated this in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
833	EXO	9	10	7q2q	figs-gendernotations	בָּ⁠אָדָ֖ם	1		This includes women and children. See how you translated this in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
834	EXO	9	10	iftm		וּ⁠בַ⁠בְּהֵמָֽה	1		“wild and domestic animals” or “wild animals and livestock” See how you translated this in the previous verse.
835	EXO	9	11	jrc3		הַֽ⁠חַרְטֻמִּ֗ים …בַּֽ⁠חֲרְטֻמִּ֖ם	1		See how you translated this in 7:11.
836	EXO	9	11	dxsx	figs-metonymy	לַ⁠עֲמֹ֛ד לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י מֹשֶׁ֖ה	1		Here, before the face of means in Moses’ presence. Alternate translation: “to stand in Moses’ presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
837	EXO	9	11	k9uu	figs-metaphor	מִ⁠פְּנֵ֣י הַ⁠שְּׁחִ֑ין	1		Here, the face of means the existence of or perhaps pain from the boils. Alternate translation: “because of the boils” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
838	EXO	9	11	lpmq	translate-unknown	הַ⁠שְּׁחִ֑ין…הַ⁠שְּׁחִ֔ין	1		This is a disease where the skin is red and hot, the skin breaks, and blood and puss comes out. See how you translated this in 9:9. However, this time only the single word for the disease is used, without the description that is in the previous two verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
839	EXO	9	12	p5m5	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יְחַזֵּ֤ק יְהוָה֙ אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה	1	Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart	This means God made him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was strong. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in 4:21. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh caused Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
840	EXO	9	13	ifs8	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה	1		A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. This is the beginning of the seventh plague sequence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
841	EXO	9	13	zsvl	figs-quotemarks	וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה	1		After this phrase a direct quote begins which continues until the end of 9:19. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
842	EXO	9	13	zmrt	figs-metonymy	וְ⁠הִתְיַצֵּ֖ב לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה	1		Here, before the face of means in Pharaoh’s presence. Alternate translation: “and stand in Pharaoh’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
843	EXO	9	13	56cj	figs-quotations	וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗י⁠ו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽ⁠עִבְרִ֔ים	1		After and say to him, a second-level quote begins which continues until the end of 9:19. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation. However, it may be useful to translate this short quote frame as an indirect quotation as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
844	EXO	9	13	9ha6		כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙	1		This is a standard formula used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See 4:intro for more information.
845	EXO	9	13	ly7d	figs-quotemarks	שַׁלַּ֥ח	1		Let is the first word of a third-level direct quote which continues until the end of 9:19. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening third-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a third-level quotation. If you chose to make the second level an indirect quote, this may only be a second-level quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
846	EXO	9	14	z68b	grammar-connect-logic-result	כִּ֣י	1		Here, For means something like “I am warning you that unless you do this.” Alternate translation: “Otherwise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
847	EXO	9	14	n6wq	figs-synecdoche	אֲנִ֨י שֹׁלֵ֜חַ אֶת־כָּל־מַגֵּפֹתַ⁠י֙ אֶֽל־לִבְּ⁠ךָ֔	1	on you yourself	Here, to your heart is a synecdoche that means that even Pharaoh will be hurt by the plagues. Alternate translation: “I am about to send all my plagues against you personally” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
848	EXO	9	15	9m72	grammar-connect-condition-contrary	כִּ֤י עַתָּה֙ שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי אֶת־יָדִ֔⁠י וָ⁠אַ֥ךְ אוֹתְ⁠ךָ֛ וְ⁠אֶֽת־עַמְּ⁠ךָ֖ בַּ⁠דָּ֑בֶר וַ⁠תִּכָּחֵ֖ד מִן־הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ	1		This verse presents two things that God could have done, but has not. This is to set up the reason in the next verse. Be sure that it is clear in your translation that these are hypothetical past events and connect it to the goal in the next verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary]])
849	EXO	9	15	a3l8	figs-metonymy	שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי אֶת־יָדִ֔⁠י וָ⁠אַ֥ךְ אוֹתְ⁠ךָ֛	1	reached out with my hand and attacked you	Here, my hand refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “I could have used my power to attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
850	EXO	9	15	hgfx	figs-metaphor	וָ⁠אַ֥ךְ אוֹתְ⁠ךָ֛ וְ⁠אֶֽת־עַמְּ⁠ךָ֖ בַּ⁠דָּ֑בֶר	1		Here, a plague is spoken about as if it were something that could be used to hit someone. Alternate translation: “and cause you and your people to suffer from a plague” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
851	EXO	9	16	7mjz	grammar-connect-logic-goal	וְ⁠אוּלָ֗ם בַּ⁠עֲב֥וּר זֹאת֙ הֶעֱמַדְתִּ֔י⁠ךָ בַּ⁠עֲב֖וּר הַרְאֹתְ⁠ךָ֣ אֶת־כֹּחִ֑⁠י וּ⁠לְמַ֛עַן סַפֵּ֥ר שְׁמִ֖⁠י בְּ⁠כָל־הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ׃	1		The statements from to show to the end of the verse are the goals of Yahweh’s not yet destroying Egypt and Pharaoh. You will need to translate, However, for this reason I let you stand: in order in a way that connects with the previous verse in an action-goal manner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
852	EXO	9	16	nec7	figs-metonymy	וּ⁠לְמַ֛עַן סַפֵּ֥ר שְׁמִ֖⁠י בְּ⁠כָל־הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ	1	so that my name may be proclaimed throughout all the earth	Here, my name represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “and so that people everywhere will know who I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
853	EXO	9	17	h3ed	figs-metaphor	עוֹדְ⁠ךָ֖ מִסְתּוֹלֵ֣ל בְּ⁠עַמִּ֑⁠י	1	lifting yourself up against my people	Pharaoh’s opposition to letting the Israelites go to worship Yahweh is spoken of as if he was raising himself up as a barrier to them. Alternate translation: “You still block my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
854	EXO	9	17	sdav	figs-rpronouns	מִסְתּוֹלֵ֣ל	1		Here, Pharaoh fills two different roles in the sentence. Different languages have different methods of marking this. Translate this in a way that it is clear that Pharaoh is making himself either proud or the obstacle in the Israelites’ way to freedom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
855	EXO	9	17	r1wv		מִסְתּוֹלֵ֣ל	1		Here, you is Pharaoh.
856	EXO	9	17	zfhb		בְּ⁠עַמִּ֑⁠י	1		Here, my people are the Israelites.
857	EXO	9	18	fnd2		הִנְ⁠נִ֤י	1	Listen!	“Pay attention to the important thing I am about to tell you”
858	EXO	9	18	716v		כָּ⁠עֵ֣ת…אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־הָיָ֤ה כָמֹ֨⁠הוּ֙	1		“at this time. There has never been anything like this”
859	EXO	9	19	5h0u	figs-metonymy	שְׁלַ֤ח הָעֵז֙ אֶֽת־מִקְנְ⁠ךָ֔ וְ⁠אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְ⁠ךָ֖ בַּ⁠שָּׂדֶ֑ה	1		The form of address here is singular, Moses is speaking directly to Pharaoh. However, the next two verses make it clear that Pharaoh’s servants heard and understood this warning to be for them as well. In this sense Pharaoh represents the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
860	EXO	9	19	eo52		וְ⁠יָרַ֧ד עֲלֵ⁠הֶ֛ם הַ⁠בָּרָ֖ד	1		“because the hail will come down on”
861	EXO	9	19	4329	figs-gendernotations	כָּל־הָ⁠אָדָ֨ם	1		Here, man means humans and includes men, women, and children. Alternate translation: “everyone” or “anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
862	EXO	9	19	itlv		וְ⁠הַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֜ה	1		This includes domestic and wild animals.
863	EXO	9	19	f80e	figs-explicit	וָ⁠מֵֽתוּ	1		The people and animals will die because they are hurt fatally by the hail. You may need to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “and the hail will kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
864	EXO	9	19	5z5d	figs-quotemarks	וָ⁠מֵֽתוּ	1		Up to three levels of direct quotation (depending on your earlier decision about converting a level to an indirect quotation) end at the end of this verse. You should indicate that ending here with closing first-level, second-level, and third-level (if required) quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of quotations within quotations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
865	EXO	9	20	dp8j	figs-explicit	הַ⁠יָּרֵא֙	1		As in some other occasions, Moses’ conversation with Pharaoh is not recorded. You may need to make the fact that he did as Yahweh instructed explicit. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
866	EXO	9	20	p3nz		הַ⁠יָּרֵא֙ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה מֵֽ⁠עַבְדֵ֖י פַּרְעֹ֑ה	1		“Those of Pharaoh’s servants who feared Yahweh’s warning”
867	EXO	9	21	6gcx		וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־שָׂ֛ם לִבּ֖⁠וֹ	1		Here, set his heart means to believe or think something is true. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. Alternate translation: “but whoever did not think (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
868	EXO	9	22	vtfl	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה	1		A minor scene shift occurs here and may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
869	EXO	9	22	zwvk		יָֽדְ⁠ךָ֙	1		See note in the introduction to chapter 8 regarding the hand and staff.
870	EXO	9	22	h9cr	figs-gendernotations	הָ⁠אָדָ֣ם	1		This includes women and children. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
871	EXO	9	22	r0g4		הַ⁠בְּהֵמָ֗ה	1		This includes domestic and wild animals.
872	EXO	9	23	7538		מַטֵּ⁠הוּ֮	1		See note in the introduction to chapter 8 regarding the hand and staff.
873	EXO	9	25	vnpj	figs-merism	מֵ⁠אָדָ֖ם וְ⁠עַד־בְּהֵמָ֑ה	1		This is a figure of speech used to emphasize the extant and severity of the hail. Alternate translation: “every living thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
874	EXO	9	25	ft0o	figs-gendernotations	מֵ⁠אָדָ֖ם	1		This includes women and children. Alternate translation: “from people” or “from mankind” or “from humans” See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
875	EXO	9	25	apbl		בְּהֵמָ֑ה	1		This includes domestic and wild animals.
876	EXO	9	27	fu9c	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יִּשְׁלַ֣ח פַּרְעֹ֗ה	1	to summon	A minor scene shift occurs here and may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
877	EXO	9	27	sh1x		חָטָ֣אתִי	1		Some commentators suggest translating this term more literally, that is “to miss the mark,” because Pharaoh is probably not admitting a moral failure. He is admitting that he misjudged.
878	EXO	9	27	joxy		הַ⁠צַּדִּ֔יק…הָ⁠רְשָׁעִֽים	1		Many commentators suggest that Pharaoh is using these terms in a narrow, legal sense and only referring to this instance. That is, he is saying something like “I’ve lost this round in court.” See UST.
879	EXO	9	27	6p2i		וְ⁠עַמִּ֖⁠י	1		This refers to the Egyptians.
880	EXO	9	28	r0cs	figs-litotes	וְ⁠לֹ֥א תֹסִפ֖וּ⁠ן לַ⁠עֲמֹֽד	1		This negative statement strengthens the force of Pharaoh’s statement that he will let the people go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
881	EXO	9	29	ajz3		וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָי⁠ו֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה	1	Moses said to him	“And Moses said to Pharaoh”
882	EXO	9	29	b787	translate-symaction	אֶפְרֹ֥שׂ אֶת־כַּפַּ֖⁠י אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה	1	spread my hands out to Yahweh	This symbolic gesture accompanies prayer. Alternate translation: “I will pray to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
883	EXO	9	30	tn94	grammar-connect-condition-contrary	וְ⁠אַתָּ֖ה וַ⁠עֲבָדֶ֑י⁠ךָ	1	honor Yahweh God	This phrase is shifted to the front of the sentence to mark focus on Pharaoh and his servants because, despite Yahweh demonstrating his power, they are not yet afraid of him. If your language has a form or discourse feature that draws contrastive focus to participants, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary]])
884	EXO	9	30	srx4	figs-metonymy	מִ⁠פְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה	1		Here, face means presence or power. Alternate translation: “of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
885	EXO	9	31	p1v8	translate-unknown	וְ⁠הַ⁠פִּשְׁתָּ֥ה…וְ⁠הַ⁠פִּשְׁתָּ֖ה	1	flax	Flax is a plant that produces fibers that can be made into linen cloth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
886	EXO	9	31	lzar	translate-unknown	אָבִ֔יב	1		This means the seeds at the top of the stalk were developing but still green. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
887	EXO	9	31	9xjc		גִּבְעֹֽל	1		“was flowering”
888	EXO	9	32	jmq3	translate-unknown	וְ⁠הַ⁠כֻּסֶּ֖מֶת	1	spelt	This is a kind of wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
889	EXO	9	33	fa2j	translate-symaction	וַ⁠יִּפְרֹ֥שׂ כַּפָּ֖י⁠ו אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה	1	spread out his hands to Yahweh	This symbolic gesture accompanies prayer. See how you translated a similar phrase in Exodus 9:29. Alternate translation: “lifted up his hands toward Yahweh and prayed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
890	EXO	9	34	ke5k	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יַּכְבֵּ֥ד לִבּ֖⁠וֹ	1	hardened his heart	Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if he made his own heart heavy. This time his servants do the same. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in 8:15. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh determined to be defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
891	EXO	9	34	nz0e		וַ⁠יֹּ֣סֶף לַ⁠חֲטֹ֑א	1		This statement is from the author’s perspective. Therefore, unlike in 9:27, sin should be translated with the word your language uses for “sin.”
892	EXO	9	34	ooed		וַ⁠יַּכְבֵּ֥ד לִבּ֖⁠וֹ ה֥וּא וַ⁠עֲבָדָֽי⁠ו	1		“and he caused his heart to be heavy. His servants did also” or “and he caused his heart to be heavy. His servants did the same”
893	EXO	9	35	yxt8	figs-metaphor	וַֽ⁠יֶּחֱזַק֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה	1	The heart of Pharaoh was hardened	Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was strong. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in Exodus 7:13. This is a neutral statement (it does not say that anyone caused him to be stubborn as many others in this part of the narrative do). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh was still defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
894	EXO	9	35	6cbh	figs-metaphor	כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶֽׁה	1		This is similar to 9:12. In this case, what Yahweh said is figuratively spoken of as if it was something that could be held in someone’s hand. This means that Moses delivered a message from Yahweh that Pharaoh would be stubborn. It is not clear if this message was given to the Israelites or if this refers to Moses’ statement to Pharaoh in 9:30. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
895	EXO	10	intro	s5g1			0		Exodus 10 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Pharaoh’s hard heart Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Let my people go This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
896	EXO	10	1	w4pw	figs-metaphor	כִּֽי־אֲנִ֞י הִכְבַּ֤דְתִּי אֶת־לִבּ⁠וֹ֙ וְ⁠אֶת־לֵ֣ב עֲבָדָ֔י⁠ו	1	for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his servants	This means God made Pharaoh and his servants stubborn. Their stubborn attitude is spoken of as if their hearts were heavy. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in 4:21, but note that the metaphor is slightly different here. Alternate translation: “for I have caused Pharaoh and his servants to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
897	EXO	10	2	zg4c		הִתְעַלַּ֨לְתִּי֙ בְּ⁠מִצְרַ֔יִם	1	various signs	“I mocked Egypt”
898	EXO	10	3	2614		וַ⁠יֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗י⁠ו	1		After this phrase a direct quote begins which continues until near the end of 10:6. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
899	EXO	10	3	4b3a		וַ⁠יֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗י⁠ו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽ⁠עִבְרִ֔ים	1		It may be helpful to turn the introductory quotation into an indirect quotation so you do not have to use quotes within quotes. Alternate translation: “and told him that Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, said thus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
900	EXO	10	3	vze4		כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙	1		This is a standard formula used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See 4:intro for more information.
901	EXO	10	3	cicf	figs-metonymy	עַד־מָתַ֣י מֵאַ֔נְתָּ לֵ⁠עָנֹ֖ת מִ⁠פָּנָ֑⁠י	1		Here, face figuratively represents the presence of Yahweh. Particularly it means the presence of his judgement (the plagues). Alternate translation: “Until when will you refuse to be humble when I judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
902	EXO	10	4	ge67		הִנְ⁠נִ֨י	1	listen	This word adds emphasis to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
903	EXO	10	4	uwtp	figs-collectivenouns	אַרְבֶּ֖ה	1		Locust is a singular noun referring to the group as one. Alternate translation: “locusts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
904	EXO	10	5	zu5r	figs-parallelism	וְ⁠כִסָּה֙ אֶת־עֵ֣ין הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ וְ⁠לֹ֥א יוּכַ֖ל לִ⁠רְאֹ֣ת אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ	1	hail	These parallel statements have a similar meaning. They are used to emphasize the great number of locusts that are coming. In some languages this will not have the same rhetorical effect and you will need to use another device to emphasize the statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
905	EXO	10	5	rdav		וְ⁠כִסָּה֙ אֶת־עֵ֣ין הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ	1		“And it will cover the land from sight”
906	EXO	10	5	oj3i	figs-collectivenouns	וְ⁠כִסָּה֙…וְ⁠אָכַ֣ל…וְ⁠אָכַל֙	1		Here, the pronoun it agrees in number with the collective singular “locust” in the previous verse. Insects are often referred to without gender in English, but you will need to use whatever number, gender, and/or noun class is required in your language to agree with the word you used in the previous verse for “locust.” See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
907	EXO	10	6	ir5l	figs-hyperbole	עַל־הָ֣⁠אֲדָמָ֔ה	1	nothing ever seen	This could either mean on the earth (planet) or “on the land” (Egypt). Either way, it is meant to emphasize an extremely long time, meaning never. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
908	EXO	10	6	4mno	figs-explicit	וַ⁠יִּ֥פֶן	1		Verse 3 says that Aaron came in to see the king with Moses. It is implied that he left with him as well. You may make this explicit if it would help your readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
909	EXO	10	7	xn8j	figs-rquestion	עַד־מָתַי֙ יִהְיֶ֨ה זֶ֥ה לָ֨⁠נוּ֙ לְ⁠מוֹקֵ֔שׁ	1	How long will this man be a menace to us?	Pharaoh’s servants ask this question to show Pharaoh that he is stubbornly causing the destruction of Egypt. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We cannot allow this man to continue to bring trouble to us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
910	EXO	10	7	jqbh	figs-gendernotations	הָ֣⁠אֲנָשִׁ֔ים	1		Here, men may be literal or it may refer to the Israelites, including the women and children. In verse 10 the king rejects the idea of letting the women and children go and in verse 11 he specifically says that the men can go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
911	EXO	10	7	xdm5	figs-rquestion	הֲ⁠טֶ֣רֶם תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֥י אָבְדָ֖ה מִצְרָֽיִם	1	Do you not yet realize that Egypt is destroyed?	Pharaoh’s servants ask this question to bring Pharaoh to recognize what he refuses to see. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should realize that Egypt is destroyed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
912	EXO	10	7	c6pr	figs-activepassive	כִּ֥י אָבְדָ֖ה מִצְרָֽיִם	1	that Egypt is destroyed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that these plagues have destroyed Egypt” or “that their God has destroyed Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
913	EXO	10	8	8ukg	figs-activepassive	וַ⁠יּוּשַׁ֞ב אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְ⁠אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה	1		This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “And a servant brought Moses and Aaron back to Pharaoh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
914	EXO	10	8	6733		מִ֥י וָ⁠מִ֖י	1		“Who all”
915	EXO	10	9	fnnl	figs-exclusive	נֵלֵ֑ךְ…נֵלֵ֔ךְ	1		We means the Israelites and does not include Pharaoh or the Egyptians. Use an exclusive form here if your language has this distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
916	EXO	10	10	hjc9		יְהִ֨י כֵ֤ן יְהוָה֙ עִמָּ⁠כֶ֔ם כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֛ר אֲשַׁלַּ֥ח אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם וְ⁠אֶֽת־טַפְּ⁠כֶ֑ם	1	if I ever let you go and your little ones go	May Yahweh be with you is usually a blessing, but is almost certainly not here. It likely means something like “It will take Yahweh’s power to make me let you and your children go,” or “May Yahweh be as favorable to you as I am to the idea of letting your children go.” Pharaoh is saying that it will take Yahweh to make him do what Moses wants, but he does not think that will happen. Alternate translation: “It will be clear that Yahweh is with you if I let you and your children go”
917	EXO	10	10	w8x4		רְא֕וּ כִּ֥י רָעָ֖ה נֶ֥גֶד פְּנֵי⁠כֶֽם	1		The phrase for evil is before you faces could either be a warning from Pharaoh that Moses’ actions will lead to evil for the Israelites or it could mean that Pharaoh thinks the Israelites plan something that he considers evil. Faces is a metonym for the whole person. Alternate translations: “I see that you plan evil” or “Be careful, your actions will have bad consequences” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
918	EXO	10	11	pkm4		הַ⁠גְּבָרִים֙	1	Then Moses and Aaron were driven out from Pharaoh’s presence	This interjection clarifies who may go. Alternate translation: “the leaders”
919	EXO	10	11	vdjk	figs-metonymy	מֵ⁠אֵ֖ת פְּנֵ֥י פַרְעֹֽה	1		Here, face figuratively represents the presence of Pharaoh. Alternate translation: “from his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
920	EXO	10	12	kchn	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה	1		There is a minor scene change here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
921	EXO	10	12	7fa6		יָדְ⁠ךָ֜	1		See note in the introduction to chapter 8 regarding the hand and staff.
922	EXO	10	12	qikq	figs-collectivenouns	בָּֽ⁠אַרְבֶּ֔ה	1		Locust is a singular noun referring to the group as one. See how you translated this in 10:4. Alternate translation: “locusts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
923	EXO	10	12	gzwa	figs-collectivenouns	וְ⁠יַ֖עַל …וְ⁠יֹאכַל֙	1		Here, the pronoun it agrees in number with the collective singular “locust.” See how you translated this in 10:5 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
924	EXO	10	13	xqsz		מַטֵּ⁠הוּ֮	1		See note in the introduction to chapter 8 regarding the hand and staff.
925	EXO	10	13	vee8		ר֥וּחַ קָדִים֙	1		The wind blew from east to west.
926	EXO	10	13	85bf	figs-collectivenouns	הָ⁠אַרְבֶּֽה	1		See how you translated this in 10:4. Alternate translation: “locusts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
927	EXO	10	14	kuuu	figs-collectivenouns	הָֽ⁠אַרְבֶּ֗ה …אַרְבֶּה֙	1		See how you translated this in 10:4. Alternate translation: “locusts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
928	EXO	10	15	b3h5	figs-collectivenouns	וַ⁠יְכַ֞ס …וַ⁠יֹּ֜אכַל	1	so that it was darkened	Here, the pronoun it agrees in number with the collective singular “locust.” See how you translated this in 10:5 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
929	EXO	10	15	2eo5		וַ⁠יְכַ֞ס אֶת־עֵ֣ין כָּל־הָ⁠אָרֶץ֮	1		See how you translated this in 10:5.
930	EXO	10	15	ill1	figs-parallelism	וַ⁠יֹּ֜אכַל אֶת־כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב הָ⁠אָ֗רֶץ וְ⁠אֵת֙ כָּל־פְּרִ֣י הָ⁠עֵ֔ץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹתִ֖יר הַ⁠בָּרָ֑ד וְ⁠לֹא־נוֹתַ֨ר כָּל־יֶ֧רֶק בָּ⁠עֵ֛ץ וּ⁠בְ⁠עֵ֥שֶׂב הַ⁠שָּׂדֶ֖ה בְּ⁠כָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם	1		These parallel statements reinforce one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
931	EXO	10	16	ty9f	figs-youdual	אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠כֶ֖ם וְ⁠לָ⁠כֶֽם	1		Here, you and your are plural. These could refer either to Moses and Aaron or to all the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
932	EXO	10	17	953e		שָׂ֣א	1		“take away”
933	EXO	10	17	ttog		אַ֣ךְ הַ⁠פַּ֔עַם…רַ֖ק	1		Pharaoh could either be desperate and using just this once... only to attempt to make his request as small as possible to increase the chances of it being granted or he could be still too proud to admit guilt beyond this single incident (which is probably his bold statement about Yahweh being with the Israelites in 10:10). The former seems more likely given that he terms this plague “this death.” If your culture has a way making a request seem as small as possible, you may want to use it to translate Pharaoh’s request.
934	EXO	10	17	kd6d	figs-youdual	אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֑ם	1	this time	Here, your is plural. This could refer either to Moses and Aaron or to all the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
935	EXO	10	17	doeg	figs-metonymy	הַ⁠מָּ֥וֶת הַ⁠זֶּֽה	1		The word death here refers to the destruction by the locusts of all plants in Egypt, which would eventually lead to the deaths of people because there were no crops. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
936	EXO	10	17	nn2b	figs-explicit	הַ⁠מָּ֥וֶת הַ⁠זֶּֽה	1	take this death away from me	The word death here refers to the destruction by the locusts of all plants in Egypt, which would eventually lead to the deaths of people because there were no crops. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “stop this destruction that will lead to our deaths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
937	EXO	10	18	p9hz		וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֖א	1		Moses and Aaron were summoned to the king in 10:!6 so some translations will need to say that they both left.
938	EXO	10	19	xhsv		רֽוּחַ־יָם֙ חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֔ד	1		“a very strong west wind” or “a very strong wind from the west”
939	EXO	10	19	mdp5		וַ⁠יִּשָּׂא֙	1	picked up the locusts	“moved the locusts upwards”
940	EXO	10	19	2cpb	figs-collectivenouns	הָ֣⁠אַרְבֶּ֔ה …אַרְבֶּ֣ה	1		See how you translated this in 10:4. Alternate translation: “locusts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
941	EXO	10	19	q8aj	figs-collectivenouns	וַ⁠יִּתְקָעֵ֖⁠הוּ	1		Here, the first it refers to the wind, the second agrees in number with the collective singular “locust.” See how you translated this in 10:5 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]]
942	EXO	10	20	dw1d	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יְחַזֵּ֥ק יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה	1	Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart	This means God made him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was strong. If heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in 4:21. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh caused Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
943	EXO	10	21	x6xk	writing-newevent	וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה	1		A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. This is the start of the third plague sequence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
944	EXO	10	21	utyz		יָֽדְ⁠ךָ֙	1		See note in the introduction to chapter 8 regarding the hand and staff.
945	EXO	10	21	m38s	figs-metaphor	וְ⁠יָמֵ֖שׁ חֹֽשֶׁךְ	1	darkness that may be felt	Yahweh speaks of extreme darkness as if it is so thick that people can grasp it in their hands. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “dense darkness that people can grasp with their hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
946	EXO	10	22	z4ge		יָד֖⁠וֹ	1		See note in the introduction to chapter 8 regarding the hand and staff.
947	EXO	10	22	vbzj	translate-numbers	שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת	1		3 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
948	EXO	10	23	2cqx	figs-metonymy	לֹֽא־רָא֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אָחִ֗י⁠ו	1		This phrase means that people could not see the people who lived closest to them, whether or not that person was literally their brother. Alternate translation: “No one could see the people who lived with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
949	EXO	10	23	7ud1	figs-gendernotations	אִ֣ישׁ …אִ֥ישׁ	1		Here, man refers to any human in general. Alternate translation: “person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
950	EXO	10	23	qstu	translate-numbers	שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת	1		3 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
951	EXO	10	24	4jkp	figs-quotemarks	לְכוּ֙ עִבְד֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה רַ֛ק צֹאנְ⁠כֶ֥ם וּ⁠בְקַרְ⁠כֶ֖ם יֻצָּ֑ג גַּֽם־טַפְּ⁠כֶ֖ם יֵלֵ֥ךְ עִמָּ⁠כֶֽם	1		This is a direct quote of what the king said. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
952	EXO	10	24	vp7b	figs-youdual	לְכוּ֙ עִבְד֣וּ … צֹאנְ⁠כֶ֥ם וּ⁠בְקַרְ⁠כֶ֖ם …טַפְּ⁠כֶ֖ם …עִמָּ⁠כֶֽם	1		Every instance of you and your, as well as the imperative verb forms in this verse, are plural. They refer to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
953	EXO	10	25	hnt5	figs-quotemarks	וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה	1		After this phrase a direct quote begins which continues until the end of 10:26. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
954	EXO	10	25	rsr4	figs-metonymy	גַּם־אַתָּ֛ה תִּתֵּ֥ן בְּ⁠יָדֵ֖⁠נוּ זְבָחִ֣ים וְ⁠עֹל֑וֹת	1		The construction here is difficult. Based on context Moses is probably not saying that Pharaoh needs to provide his own animals to the Israelites He is asking Pharaoh to let the Israelites take their own animals. Give in our hands means to take with them, by whatever means, which may include holding a rope in the hand to lead the animals or any other means of herding the animals. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
955	EXO	10	25	cj78	figs-metonymy	זְבָחִ֣ים וְ⁠עֹל֑וֹת	1		Here, sacrifices and burnt offerings refers to the animals of their flocks and herds that they must take. Alternate translation: “animals for sacrifices and burnt offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
956	EXO	10	25	bjy0		וְ⁠עָשִׂ֖ינוּ לַ⁠יהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי⁠נוּ	1		Here, do means “do the sacrifices and burnt offerings.” Alternate translation: “and we will make those sacrifices and burnt offerings to Yahweh our God”
957	EXO	10	25	7gzr	figs-exclusive	בְּ⁠יָדֵ֖⁠נוּ …וְ⁠עָשִׂ֖ינוּ …אֱלֹהֵֽי⁠נוּ	1		Here, we and us refers to the Israelites (same group as the speaker’s) while excluding Pharaoh and the Egyptians (listeners’ group). If your language distinguishes between forms of we and us based on who is included be sure to use the one appropriate to the described group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
958	EXO	10	26	k0pi	figs-exclusive	מִקְנֵ֜⁠נוּ …עִמָּ֗⁠נוּ …נִקַּ֔ח …אֱלֹהֵ֑י⁠נוּ וַ⁠אֲנַ֣חְנוּ …נֵדַ֗ע …נַּעֲבֹד֙ …בֹּאֵ֖⁠נוּ	1		Here, we, our, and us refers to the Israelites (same group as the speaker’s) while excluding Pharaoh and the Egyptians (listeners’ group). If your language distinguishes between forms of we, our, and us based on who is included be sure to use the one appropriate to the described group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
959	EXO	10	26	ys4v	figs-activepassive	לֹ֤א תִשָּׁאֵר֙ פַּרְסָ֔ה	1		This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “we cannot leave behind a single animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
960	EXO	10	26	v9uc	figs-synecdoche	פַּרְסָ֔ה	1	not a hoof of them may be left behind	Here the word hoof refers to the entire animal. Alternate translation: “a single animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
961	EXO	10	26	uiom		שָֽׁמָּ⁠ה	1		The destination is unspecified. Previous context suggests it would be at the mountain of God (see 3:1, especially 3:12, and 4:27) which would take three days to travel to (see 3:18 and 5:3).
962	EXO	10	27	n588	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יְחַזֵּ֥ק יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה	1	Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart	This means God made him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was strong. If heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in 4:21. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh caused Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
963	EXO	10	27	mv8t		וְ⁠לֹ֥א אָבָ֖ה לְ⁠שַׁלְּחָֽ⁠ם	1	he would not let them go	“and Pharaoh would not consent to let them go”
964	EXO	10	28	4d1y	figs-rpronouns	הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְ⁠ךָ֗	1		Here, the listener, Moses, fills two different roles in the sentence. Different languages have different methods of marking this. Alternate translation: “You watch yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
965	EXO	10	28	lcz2	figs-explicit	תָּמֽוּת	1	Be careful about one thing	Pharaoh means he will have Moses killed. You may choose to make this explicit as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
966	EXO	10	28	te45	figs-synecdoche	פָּנַ֔⁠י …פָנַ֖⁠י	1	you see my face	Here, face refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
967	EXO	10	29	h1jf	figs-idiom	כֵּ֣ן דִּבַּ֑רְתָּ	1	You yourself have spoken	With these words, Moses emphasizes that Pharaoh has spoken the truth. Alternate translation: “What you have said is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
968	EXO	10	29	rg18	figs-synecdoche	פָּנֶֽי⁠ךָ	1		Here, face refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
969	EXO	11	intro	pu3u			0		Exodus 11 General Notes Chapter 11 is a transition point in the book. The previous nine plagues (in their three sequences of three) have come to an end and the last plague, the death of the firstborn, is about to occur along with the Passover and Exodus itself. It is difficult to know if the events in chapter 11 are all recorded in the order in which they happened. For translation, you should follow the text’s order if it will not confuse your readers. It may be helpful to think that after the end of chapter 10, Yahweh immediately spoke to Moses, before he actually left Pharaoh’s presence (v. 1-2). Verse 3 is a comment suggesting that the Egyptians will be willing to do as the Israelites are told to ask them to do in v. 2. In verses 4-7 Moses gives Pharaoh and his officials a message from Yahweh that Yahweh is giving to Moses right at that moment. At the end of v. 8 Moses leaves Pharaoh’s presence (completing the interaction from the end of ch. 10). Verse 9 may either be Yahweh telling Moses what is going to happen, or it could be part of the summary that occurs in v. 10. Verse 10 summarizes what has happened in chs. 5-10 (especially the plagues in chs. 7-10) in preparation for the great last plague. Special concepts in this chapter Pharaoh’s hard heart Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh. Let my people go In the previous chapters, Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he demanded that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. In this chapter, the same wording is used to refer to Pharaoh “allowing” the Hebrew people to leave Egypt.
970	EXO	11	1	6qgc	figs-quotemarks	אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה	1		After this phrase, a direct quote begins which continues until the end of 11:2. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
971	EXO	11	1	5ktt	grammar-connect-time-sequential	כְּ⁠שַׁ֨לְּח֔⁠וֹ…יְגָרֵ֥שׁ	1		These verbs (lets go and drive away) are meant to immediately follow one another. When you translate, make sure they are almost simultaneous in time, the letting go happens and then immediately the driving away happens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
972	EXO	11	1	iocd		כָּלָ֕ה גָּרֵ֛שׁ יְגָרֵ֥שׁ	1		The wording here is very forceful. Use strong words, forms, or phrasing when you are translating.
973	EXO	11	1	i87h	figs-youdual	אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם…אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם	1	he will let you go from here	Each occurrence of the word you in this verse is plural and refers to Moses and the rest of the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
974	EXO	11	2	2s6a	figs-aside	דַּבֶּר־נָ֖א בְּ⁠אָזְנֵ֣י הָ⁠עָ֑ם וְ⁠יִשְׁאֲל֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ׀ מֵ⁠אֵ֣ת רֵעֵ֗⁠הוּ וְ⁠אִשָּׁה֙ מֵ⁠אֵ֣ת רְעוּתָ֔⁠הּ כְּלֵי־כֶ֖סֶף וּ⁠כְלֵ֥י זָהָֽב	1		In this verse the author interjects a comment about the situation. Some translations choose to put the verse in parenthesis to indicate this. You may mark it in a way is natural to your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]])
975	EXO	11	2	t14c		נָ֖א	1		Here, now conveys urgency, Moses should speak soon, without delaying for other things. If you have a way of giving a command that shows that it is important for someone to do it quickly, it would be better to translate in that way than in a way that means “now” in a time sense (versus earlier or later).
976	EXO	11	2	nlsk		בְּ⁠אָזְנֵ֣י הָ⁠עָ֑ם	1		“so the people hear you” or “when all the people are listening”
977	EXO	11	2	0w6r		כְּלֵי־כֶ֖סֶף וּ⁠כְלֵ֥י זָהָֽב	1		These could be any sort of thing made from silver or gold (for instance: utensils, cups, pitchers, plates, candleholders), not just jewelry.
978	EXO	11	2	4l0a		וְ⁠יִשְׁאֲל֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ׀ מֵ⁠אֵ֣ת רֵעֵ֗⁠הוּ וְ⁠אִשָּׁה֙ מֵ⁠אֵ֣ת רְעוּתָ֔⁠הּ כְּלֵי־כֶ֖סֶף וּ⁠כְלֵ֥י זָהָֽב	1		Exodus 3:22 contains similar instructions, see how you translated there.
979	EXO	11	2	jyqa	figs-quotemarks	זָהָֽב	1		At the end of this verse, the direct quote of Yahweh that started in the previous verse ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
980	EXO	11	3	hng9	figs-idiom	חֵ֥ן הָ⁠עָ֖ם בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם	1		In the eyes of the Egyptians is an idiom for the Egyptian’s feelings or opinion. Favor means those feelings are positive. Taken together, this means that when the Egyptians see the Israelites leaving Egypt, they will gladly help them (because they want them to leave so badly due to the Egyptians suffering under God’s judgement). If your language has the same or a similar idiom, you can translate or use it. Otherwise, you can translate the meaning. See how you translated this in 3:21. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
981	EXO	11	3	1et2	figs-idiom	בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֥י עַבְדֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה וּ⁠בְ⁠עֵינֵ֥י הָ⁠עָֽם	1		In the eyes of the servants…people is an idiom for their feelings or opinions. If your language has the same or a similar idiom, you can translate or use it. Otherwise, you can translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
982	EXO	11	3	12gp		וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־חֵ֥ן הָ⁠עָ֖ם בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם	1		Exodus 3:21 contains a related phrase, see how you translated there.
983	EXO	11	4	sewb	figs-quotemarks	וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה	1		After this phrase, a direct quote begins which continues until the end of 11:8. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
984	EXO	11	4	kpb5		כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה	1	midnight	This is a standard formula used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See 4:intro for more information.
985	EXO	11	4	vyvr	figs-quotemarks	כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה	1		After this phrase, a second-level direct quote begins which continues until the end of 11:7. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
986	EXO	11	5	hv8k		בְּכוֹר֮ …מִ⁠בְּכ֤וֹר …בְּכ֣וֹר …בְּכ֥וֹר	1	All the firstborn…the firstborn of Pharaoh…the firstborn of the slave girl…the firstborn of the cattle	The “firstborn” always refers to the oldest male offspring.
987	EXO	11	5	k42h	figs-merism	מִ⁠בְּכ֤וֹר פַּרְעֹה֙ הַ⁠יֹּשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְא֔⁠וֹ עַ֚ד בְּכ֣וֹר הַ⁠שִּׁפְחָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר אַחַ֣ר הָ⁠רֵחָ֑יִם וְ⁠כֹ֖ל בְּכ֥וֹר בְּהֵמָֽה	1	who sits on his throne	This is a merism. First, two extremes are mentioned: the highest of society (Pharaoh, who sits on his throne) and the lowest (the slave girl who is behind the mill). Then the animals (beasts) are added making it a three item list of parts of society and even economy to show the totality of the coming judgement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
988	EXO	11	5	hr1x		אֲשֶׁ֖ר אַחַ֣ר הָ⁠רֵחָ֑יִם	1	who is behind the handmill grinding it	“who is grinding at the handmill” or “who is behind the handmill grinding grain”
989	EXO	11	6	hui7	figs-merism	אֲשֶׁ֤ר כָּמֹ֨⁠הוּ֙ לֹ֣א נִהְיָ֔תָה וְ⁠כָמֹ֖⁠הוּ לֹ֥א תֹסִֽף	1		This is a merism that uses the extremes of past and future to emphasize the concept of “never.” Alternate translation: “such as has never been and never will be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
990	EXO	11	7	b60a	figs-idiom	לֹ֤א יֶֽחֱרַץ…לְשֹׁנ֔⁠וֹ	1		This means make an unfriendly noise. Alternate translation: “will not growl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
991	EXO	11	7	t61i	figs-youdual	תֵּֽדְע֔וּ⁠ן	1		Here, you is plural. If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
992	EXO	11	7	fl78		אֲשֶׁר֙ יַפְלֶ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה בֵּ֥ין מִצְרַ֖יִם וּ⁠בֵ֥ין יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	1		See how you translated a similar phrase in Exodus 9:4.
993	EXO	11	7	wicm	figs-quotemarks	יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	1		After this phrase, the second-level direct quote ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing second-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
994	EXO	11	8	9zor	translate-symaction	וְ⁠הִשְׁתַּֽחֲוּוּ־לִ֣⁠י	1		This does not mean to bow for worshipping. They will bow to Moses to beg him to leave. They will do this to show how desperate they will be for Moses and the Israelites to go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
995	EXO	11	8	l678	figs-explicit	וְ⁠הִשְׁתַּֽחֲוּוּ־לִ֣⁠י	1		They will bow to Moses to beg him to leave. They will do this to show how desperate they will be for Moses and the Israelites to go. If this action would not mean the same thing in your culture, you may need to make the reason they are bowing explicit. Alternate translation: “and they will bow down to me to beg” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
996	EXO	11	8	4b8i	figs-metaphor	וְ⁠כָל־הָ⁠עָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־בְּ⁠רַגְלֶ֔י⁠ךָ	1		Here, the people are figuratively pictured as below Moses as his followers. The reference to feet also can mean they go the same place he goes, again, meaning “follower.” If your language uses a similar image to mean follower you can translate the image, if not you may use another image from your culture or translate the meaning. Alternate translation: “and all the people who are following you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
997	EXO	11	8	ria5	figs-explicit	וְ⁠אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן אֵצֵ֑א	1	After that I will go out	This means that Moses and the Israelites will leave Egypt. Alternate translation: “After that I will leave here” or “After that I will go out from Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
998	EXO	11	8	awcj	figs-quotemarks	אֵצֵ֑א	1		After this phrase, the direct quote ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
999	EXO	11	8	76oj	figs-idiom	בָּ⁠חֳרִי־אָֽף	1		This is an idiom meaning that Moses is angry. Alternate translation: “enraged” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)
1000	EXO	11	9	xk4l	figs-quotemarks	לֹא־יִשְׁמַ֥ע אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֖ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה לְמַ֛עַן רְב֥וֹת מוֹפְתַ֖⁠י בְּ⁠אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם	1		This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with first-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
1001	EXO	11	10	2cqt	writing-endofstory	וּ⁠מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְ⁠אַהֲרֹ֗ן עָשׂ֛וּ אֶת־כָּל־הַ⁠מֹּפְתִ֥ים הָ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וַ⁠יְחַזֵּ֤ק יְהוָה֙ אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְ⁠לֹֽא־שִׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵ⁠אַרְצֽ⁠וֹ	1		This verse is summarizing and wrapping up the story of the plagues. If your language has a way of summarizing information at the end of a story try to translate this verse (and possibly verse 9 - see the the introductory notes to this chapter) in this way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
1002	EXO	11	10	um4u	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יְחַזֵּ֤ק יְהוָה֙ אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה	1	Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart	This means God made him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was strong. If heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in 4:21. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh caused Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1003	EXO	12	intro	fd2f			0		Exodus 12 General Notes Structure and formatting The events of this chapter are known as the Passover. They are remembered in the celebration of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) Special concepts in this chapter Unleavened bread The concept of unleavened bread is introduced in this chapter. Its significance stems from its connection to the events in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unleavenedbread]]) Ethnic segregation The Hebrew people were to be separate from the rest of the world. Because of this, they separated themselves from other people groups. At this time, these foreigners were looked upon as unholy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
1004	EXO	12	2	z785	figs-parallelism		1	For you, this month will be the start of months, the first month of the year to you	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the month in which the events of this chapter take place will be the beginning of their calendar year. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1005	EXO	12	2	uy4w	translate-hebrewmonths		1	the first month of the year	The first month of the Hebrew calendar includes the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. It marks when Yahweh rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1006	EXO	12	3	qzct		שֶׂ֥ה…שֶׂ֥ה	1		This word literally means, “of the flock,” and could also be translated as sheep or goat. Here, the ULT uses **lamb** (a young sheep) because [verse 5](../12/05.md) specifies that it must be one year old. “Kid” (a young goat) would be equally valid as verse 5 also says that it could be either a sheep or a goat.
1007	EXO	12	4	xzn3	figs-explicit		1	If the household is too small for a lamb	This means that there are not enough people in the family to eat an entire lamb. Alternate translation: “If there are not enough people in the household to eat an entire lamb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1008	EXO	12	4	fu2g			1	the man and his next door neighbor	Here “the man” refers to the man who is the leader of the household.
1009	EXO	12	6	lz76			1	twilight	This refers to the time of evening after the sun has set but while there is still some light.
1010	EXO	12	7	cjt7			1	on the two side doorposts and on the tops of the doorframes of the houses	“on the sides and top of the way into the house”
1011	EXO	12	8	jtn8	figs-activepassive		1	Eat it with bread made without yeast	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Eat it with bread which you have made without yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1012	EXO	12	8	uxn6			1	bitter herbs	These are small plants that have a strong and usually bad taste.
1013	EXO	12	9	ny3a			1	Do not eat it raw	“Do not eat the lamb or goat uncooked”
1014	EXO	12	10	ghk6	figs-activepassive		1	You must not let any of it be left over until morning	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not leave any of it until the morning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1015	EXO	12	11	ks7d			1	belt	This refers to a strip of leather or fabric for tying around the waist.
1016	EXO	12	11	nzw2			1	eat it hurriedly	“eat it quickly”
1017	EXO	12	11	r789	figs-explicit		1	It is Yahweh’s Passover	Here the word “it” refers to eating the animal on the tenth day of the month. Alternate translation: “This observance is Yahweh’s Passover” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1018	EXO	12	12	sa5n	figs-abstractnouns		1	I will bring punishment on all the gods of Egypt	This can be stated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will punish all the gods of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1019	EXO	12	13	bxm9	figs-explicit		1	for my coming to you	This implies that Yahweh will see the blood which indicates an Israelite home. Alternate translation: “that I will see when I come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1020	EXO	12	13	zt5d	figs-idiom		1	I will pass over you	The words “pass over” were a customary way of saying to not visit or enter. Alternate translation: “I will not enter your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1021	EXO	12	15	i9n3	figs-metaphor		1	that person must be cut off from Israel	The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1022	EXO	12	16	bzj6	figs-activepassive		1	an assembly that is set apart to me	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “an assembly that you have set apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1023	EXO	12	16	l7pj	figs-activepassive		1	No work will be done on these days	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will do no work on these days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1024	EXO	12	16	qr65	figs-activepassive		1	That must be the only work that may be done by you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “That must be the only work that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1025	EXO	12	17	r3qj			1	armed group by armed group	The term used for these groups is a military term referring to a large number of soldiers. Alternate translation: “division by division” or “regiment by regiment”
1026	EXO	12	18	x8m9			1	twilight	This refers to the time of evening after the sun has set but while there is still some light. See how you translated this in Exodus 12:6.
1027	EXO	12	18	m475	translate-hebrewmonths		1	the fourteenth day in the first month	This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1028	EXO	12	18	uss3	translate-hebrewmonths		1	the twenty-first day of the month	“the twenty-first day of the first month.” This is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1029	EXO	12	19	aej1	figs-activepassive		1	no yeast must be found in your houses	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there must not be any yeast in your houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1030	EXO	12	19	vy72	figs-metaphor		1	must be cut off from the community of Israel	The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” See how you translated “must be cut off from Israel” in Exodus 12:15. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1031	EXO	12	20	t17e	figs-activepassive		1	bread made without yeast	This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in Exodus 12:8. Alternate translation: “bread which you have made without yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1032	EXO	12	21	y9qt			1	summoned	officially called
1033	EXO	12	22	qwv1			1	hyssop	a woody plant with small leaves that can be used for sprinkling liquids
1034	EXO	12	22	c1cf			1	the top of the doorframe and the two doorposts	“on the sides and top of the way into the house.” See how you translated a similar phrase in Exodus 12:7.
1035	EXO	12	23	uu61	figs-synecdoche		1	pass over your door	Here the word “door” implies the entire house. This means that God will spare the Israelites in houses with blood on the doors. Alternate translation: “pass over your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1036	EXO	12	24	v7z5			1	this event	These words refer to the Passover or Festival of Unleavened Bread. Observing the Passover was an act of worshiping Yahweh.
1037	EXO	12	25	l8ls			1	this act of worship	These words refer to the Passover or Festival of Unleavened Bread. Observing the Passover was an act of worshiping Yahweh.
1038	EXO	12	27	t779	figs-explicit		1	He set our households free	This means that Yahweh spared the Israelites’ firstborn sons. Alternate translation: “He did not kill the firstborn sons in our houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1039	EXO	12	28	r5cj			1	as Yahweh had commanded Moses and Aaron	“everything that Yahweh told Moses and Aaron to do”
1040	EXO	12	29	zm1l			1	at midnight	“in the middle of the night”
1041	EXO	12	29	uj6u			1	all the firstborn in the land of Egypt…all the firstborn of cattle	Here, “firstborn” always refers to the oldest male offspring. See how you translated a similar phrase in Exodus 11:5.
1042	EXO	12	29	il1d			1	who sat on his throne	This refers to Pharaoh.
1043	EXO	12	29	g9z1			1	the firstborn of the person in prison	“to the firstborn of people in prison.” This refers to prisoners, in general, and not to a specific person in prison.
1044	EXO	12	30	cfj8	figs-abstractnouns		1	There was loud lamenting in Egypt	This can be stated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “All the Egyptians cried loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1045	EXO	12	30	gt4w	figs-doublenegatives		1	for there was not a house where there was not someone dead	This double negative emphasizes the positive. Alternate translation: “because someone was dead in every house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1046	EXO	12	33	j5u4	figs-explicit		1	We will all die	The Egyptians were afraid that they would die if the Israelites did not leave Egypt. Alternate translation: “We will all die if you do not leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1047	EXO	12	34	diw8	figs-activepassive		1	Their kneading bowls were already tied up in their clothes and on their shoulders	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They had already tied up their kneading bowls in their clothes and on their shoulders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1048	EXO	12	37	n1ha			1	Rameses	Rameses was a major Egyptian city where grain was stored. See how you translated this in Exodus 1:11.
1049	EXO	12	37	u81l	translate-numbers		1	They numbered about 600,000 men	“They numbered about six hundred thousand men.” The total number of men was about 600,000. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1050	EXO	12	39	x96c			1	bread without yeast in the dough	“bread with dough that did not contain yeast”
1051	EXO	12	39	pva6	figs-activepassive		1	they had been driven out of Egypt	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Egyptians had driven them out of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1052	EXO	12	40	qsi5	translate-numbers		1	430 years	“four hundred and thirty years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1053	EXO	12	41	d8yh	translate-numbers		1	430 years	“four hundred and thirty years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1054	EXO	12	41	xlf4			1	Yahweh’s armed groups	This refers to the tribes of Israel. See how you translated “armed group” in Exodus 12:17.
1055	EXO	12	42	f3m6	figs-activepassive		1	to be observed by all the Israelites	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that all the Israelites were to observe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1056	EXO	12	42	w6mj			1	all the Israelites throughout their people’s generations	“all the Israelites and the all the generations of their descendants”
1057	EXO	12	43	pby5			1	No foreigner may share in eating it	The pronoun “it” refers to the Passover meal.
1058	EXO	12	44	n9wn			1	every Israelite’s slave	“any slave of an Israelite”
1059	EXO	12	44	xat2	figs-activepassive		1	bought with money	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the Israelite has bought with money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1060	EXO	12	46	j242	figs-activepassive		1	The food must be eaten in one house	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Each Israelite family must eat the food in one house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1061	EXO	12	46	ycd9			1	you must not break any bone of it	“you must not break any of its bones.” Here the word “it” refers to the lamb which the Israelite family will eat.
1062	EXO	12	48	h7k9	figs-activepassive		1	all his male relatives must be circumcised	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone must circumcise all his male relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1063	EXO	12	48	hi4z	figs-idiom		1	the people who were born in the land	Here the word “land” refers to Canaan. The expression “born in the land” means a person who is a native Israelite. Alternate translation: “those who are Israelites by birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1064	EXO	12	48	f9ti	figs-doublenegatives		1	no uncircumcised person may eat	This can be stated in positive terms. Alternate translation: “only circumcised people may eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1065	EXO	12	50	agw6			1	as Yahweh had commanded Moses and Aaron	“everything that Yahweh told Moses and Aaron to do”
1066	EXO	12	51	e3z3			1	It came about	This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1067	EXO	12	51	tyj3			1	by their armed groups	The term used for these groups is a military term referring to a large number of soldiers. See how you translated “armed group” in Exodus 12:17. Alternate translation: “by their divisions” or “by their regiments”
1068	EXO	13	intro	g9qi			0		Exodus 13 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter records the instructions for the celebration of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) Special concepts in this chapter Law The law mentioned here is not the law of Moses because it has not yet been revealed. Instead, it is a more generic “rule.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Let my people go This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. When this chapter states that Pharaoh let the people go, it indicates that he gave them permission to leave.
1069	EXO	13	2	de3u			1	Set apart to me…every firstborn male	God requires that every firstborn male child be set apart for him.
1070	EXO	13	3	nwq6	figs-idiom		1	Call this day to mind	The words “Call…to mind” were a customary way of telling someone to remember something. Alternate translation: “Remember and celebrate this day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1071	EXO	13	3	en1s	figs-metaphor		1	the house of slavery	Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1072	EXO	13	3	yjy5	figs-metonymy		1	Yahweh’s strong hand	Here the word “hand” refers to power. See how you translated “strong hand” in Exodus 6:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1073	EXO	13	3	c6ee	figs-activepassive		1	No bread with yeast may be eaten	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not eat bread with yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1074	EXO	13	4	y1f3	translate-hebrewmonths		1	the month of Aviv	This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1075	EXO	13	5	x89s			1	you must observe this act of worship	When the Israelites live in Canaan, they must celebrate the Passover on this day each year. See how you translated this phrase in Exodus 12:25.
1076	EXO	13	6	tf79			1	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
1077	EXO	13	6	vwy9	translate-numbers		1	For seven days	“For 7 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1078	EXO	13	7	n41m	figs-activepassive		1	Bread without yeast must be eaten	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must eat bread without yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1079	EXO	13	7	le33	figs-activepassive		1	no bread with yeast may be seen among you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You may not have any bread with yeast among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1080	EXO	13	7	c9kr	figs-activepassive		1	No yeast may be seen with you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You may not have any yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1081	EXO	13	7	dmv1			1	within any of your borders	“inside any of the borders of your land”
1082	EXO	13	8	qum9	figs-quotations		1	On that day you are to say to your children, ‘This is because of what Yahweh did for me when I came out of Egypt.’	The quotation can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “On that day you are to tell your children that this is because of what Yahweh did for you when you came out of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1083	EXO	13	9	p21h	figs-parallelism		1	This will be a reminder for you on your hand, and a reminder on your forehead	These are two different types of physical reminders so people will not forget something important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1084	EXO	13	9	s7zg	figs-metaphor		1	a reminder for you on your hand	Moses speaks of celebrating the festival as if it were tying an object around their hands to remind them of what Yahweh had done. Alternate translation: “like something you tie around your hand as a reminder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1085	EXO	13	9	mru4	figs-metaphor		1	a reminder on your forehead	Moses speaks of celebrating the festival as if it were tying an object around their foreheads to remind them of what Yahweh had done. Alternate translation: “like something you tie around your head as a reminder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1086	EXO	13	9	b6ny	figs-metonymy		1	so the law of Yahweh may be in your mouth	The words “in your mouth” here refers to the words that they speak. Alternate translation: “so you may always be speaking of the law of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1087	EXO	13	9	w5rm	figs-metonymy		1	strong hand	The word “hand” here represents God’s actions or works. See how you translated this in Exodus 6:1. Alternate translation: “the power I show in my works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1088	EXO	13	11	iqh5			1	when he gives the land to you	“when he gives the land of the Canaanites to you”
1089	EXO	13	13	lwv5			1	Every firstborn of a donkey	Israel is given a choice to kill the firstborn donkey or buy it back with a lamb.
1090	EXO	13	14	s8cm	figs-quotations		1	When your son asks you later, ‘What does this mean?’ then you are to tell him	The first quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “When your son asks you later what this means, then you are to tell him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1091	EXO	13	14	qr7q	figs-metonymy		1	strong hand	The word “hand” here represents God’s actions or works. See how you translated this in Exodus 6:1. Alternate translation: “the power I show in my works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1092	EXO	13	14	rcz7	figs-metaphor		1	the house of slavery	Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. See how you translated this in Exodus 13:3. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1093	EXO	13	16	bse4	figs-parallelism		1	become a reminder on your hands, and a reminder on your forehead	This expresses two ways to remember the importance of the passover event. See how you translated a similar phrase in Exodus 13:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1094	EXO	13	17	c3c2			1	was nearby	“was close to where they were located”
1095	EXO	13	17	mzi7			1	the people will change their minds…and…return to Egypt	Since Israelites had lived in slavery all their lives, they were more accustomed to peace than to war and would rather return to slavery than fight.
1096	EXO	13	20	xq5d	translate-names		1	camped at Etham	Etham is located south of the route heading towards the Philistines, at the border of the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1097	EXO	13	21	jnv8			1	pillar of cloud…pillar of fire	“a cloud in the shape of a column…fire in the shape of a column.” God is with them in a cloud by day and in a fire by night.
1098	EXO	14	intro	jq4u			0		Exodus 14 General Notes Structure and formatting This is an important event in the history of Israel, known as the “parting of the Sea of Reeds.” Special concepts in this chapter Pharaoh’s hard heart Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh. Pharaoh’s chariots These chariots were a fighting force. Pharaoh took an army to kill the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Rhetorical Questions The Israelites asked a few rhetorical questions of Moses. These questions were not really directed at Moses, but at Yahweh. This showed their lack of faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
1099	EXO	14	2	mb4e	translate-names		1	Pi Hahiroth…Migdol…Baal Zephon	These are towns on Egypt’s eastern border. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1100	EXO	14	2	c9r8	figs-you		1	You are to camp	Here, You is plural and refers to Moses and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1101	EXO	14	3	c81b	figs-quotations		1	Pharaoh will say about the Israelites, ‘They are wandering in the land. The wilderness has closed in on them.’	This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh will say the Israelites are wandering in the land and the wilderness has closed in on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1102	EXO	14	3	tz6j	figs-personification		1	The wilderness has closed in on them	Pharaoh speaks of the wilderness as a person who has trapped the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1103	EXO	14	4	mm7j			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to instruct Moses on where to go and what Yahweh will do.
1104	EXO	14	4	dv62	figs-metaphor	וְ⁠חִזַּקְתִּ֣י אֶת־לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֮	1	I will harden Pharaoh’s heart	This means God will make him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was strong. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in 4:21. Alternate translation: “But I will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1105	EXO	14	4	tw2m			1	he will pursue them	“Pharaoh will pursue the Israelites”
1106	EXO	14	4	d5x1			1	I will get honor	“People will honor me”
1107	EXO	14	4	ejn5			1	The Egyptians will know that I am Yahweh	“The Egyptians will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God”
1108	EXO	14	4	dms1	figs-activepassive		1	So the Israelites camped as they were instructed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the Israelites camped as Yahweh had instructed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1109	EXO	14	5	t4cn	figs-activepassive		1	When the king of Egypt was told	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone told the king of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1110	EXO	14	5	nh6d			1	the king of Egypt	This refers to Pharaoh.
1111	EXO	14	5	it5s			1	had fled	“had run away”
1112	EXO	14	5	k67b	figs-metonymy		1	the minds of Pharaoh and his servants turned against the people	Here the word “minds” refers to their attitudes towards the Israelites. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh and his servants changed their attitudes about the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1113	EXO	14	5	v236	figs-rquestion		1	What have we done? We have released Israel from serving us.	They asked this question to show they thought they had done a foolish thing. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have done a stupid thing by letting Israel go free from working for us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1114	EXO	14	7	ry11	translate-numbers		1	He took six hundred chosen chariots	“He took 600 of his best chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1115	EXO	14	8	a1r1	figs-metaphor	וַ⁠יְחַזֵּ֣ק יְהֹוָ֗ה אֶת־לֵ֤ב פַּרְעֹה֙	1	Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh	This means God made him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was strong. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in 4:21. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh caused Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1116	EXO	14	9	sb7x	translate-names		1	Pi Hahiroth…Baal Zephon	These are towns on Egypt’s eastern border. See how you translated them in Exodus 14:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1117	EXO	14	10	s1xa	figs-synecdoche		1	When Pharaoh came close	The word “Pharaoh” here represents the entire Egyptian army. Alternate translation: “When Pharaoh and his army came close” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1118	EXO	14	10	qcy1			1	they were terrified	“the Israelites were terrified”
1119	EXO	14	11	vzw5	figs-rquestion		1	Is it because there were no graves in Egypt, that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness?	The Israelites ask this question to express their frustration and fear of dying. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There were plenty of graveyards in Egypt for us to be buried in. You did not have to take us into the wilderness to die!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1120	EXO	14	11	x4n2	figs-rquestion		1	Why have you treated us like this, bringing us out of Egypt?	The Israelites ask this question to rebuke Moses for bringing them to the desert to die. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have treated us like this by bringing us out of Egypt!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1121	EXO	14	12	itb2	figs-rquestion		1	Is this not what we told you in Egypt?	The Israelites ask this question to emphasize that this is what they had told Moses. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is exactly what we told you while we were in Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1122	EXO	14	12	ix25	figs-quotations		1	We said to you, ‘Leave us alone, so we can work for the Egyptians.’	This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “We told you to leave us alone, so we could work for the Egyptians.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1123	EXO	14	13	lat4			1	Moses said to the people	Moses responds to the Israelites’ fears.
1124	EXO	14	13	rrd4	figs-you		1	provide for you	The pronoun you refers to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1125	EXO	14	13	h5n4	figs-euphemism		1	For you will never see again the Egyptians	Moses used a polite way of saying God was going to destroy the Egyptian army. Alternate translation: “For God will kill the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1126	EXO	14	15	a727	figs-rquestion		1	Why are you, Moses, continuing to call out to me?	Moses apparently had been praying to God for help so God uses this question to compel Moses to act. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not call out to me any longer, Moses.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1127	EXO	14	16	t3e4			1	divide it in two	“divide the sea into two parts”
1128	EXO	14	17	z5ub			1	Be aware	“Know”
1129	EXO	14	17	qd3l	figs-metaphor	מְחַזֵּק֙ אֶת־לֵ֣ב מִצְרַ֔יִם	1	I will harden the Egyptians’ hearts	This means God will make them stubborn. Their stubborn attitude is spoken of as if their hearts were strong. If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in 4:21. Alternate translation: “I will cause the Egyptians to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1130	EXO	14	17	asz9			1	so they will go after them	“so that the Egyptians will go into the sea after the Israelites”
1131	EXO	14	20	wgr4			1	the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel	“the Egyptian army and the Israelite people”
1132	EXO	14	20	c4u5			1	so one side did not come near the other	This means that the Egyptians and the Israelites could not approach one another.
1133	EXO	14	21	dfx5			1	east wind	An east wind originates in the east and blows towards the west.
1134	EXO	14	21	hqx7			1	east	where the sun rises
1135	EXO	14	21	f9zh	figs-activepassive		1	the waters were divided	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh divided the waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1136	EXO	14	22	fky6			1	on their right hand and on their left	“on each side of them” or “on both sides of them”
1137	EXO	14	24	iz9t			1	He caused panic among the Egyptians	Panic is when someone becomes so afraid that they cannot think normally.
1138	EXO	14	25	qdp8	figs-activepassive		1	Their chariot wheels were clogged	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Mud clogged their chariot wheels” or “Their chariot wheels were getting stuck in the mud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1139	EXO	14	26	p5ds			1	Yahweh said to Moses, “Reach out with your hand…and their horsemen.”	This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Yahweh told Moses to reach out with his hand over the sea so that the waters would come back onto the Egyptians, their chariots, and their horsemen.”
1140	EXO	14	26	w59j			1	come back onto	“fall on”
1141	EXO	14	27	wn3q			1	The Egyptians fled into the sea	Since the sea was closing in on top of the Egyptians, instead of escaping, they were actually running right into the water.
1142	EXO	14	27	h64r			1	Yahweh drove the Egyptians	“Yahweh pushed the Egyptians” or “Yahweh threw the Egyptians”
1143	EXO	14	30	e2lf	figs-metonymy		1	out of the hand of the Egyptians	Here the word “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the Egyptians’ power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1144	EXO	14	30	p5zw			1	on the seashore	“on the land along the edge of the sea”
1145	EXO	15	intro	ni4b			0		Exodus 15 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic songs in 15:1-18 and 15:21. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s laws In this chapter, Moses talks about Yahweh’s laws. The law of Moses is about to be introduced. Although it has not yet been formally introduced, this is what is being referenced in this chapter in anticipation of the revelation of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])
1146	EXO	15	1	f5zr			1	General Information:	This is a song about the events that happened in Exodus 14:26-28.
1147	EXO	15	1	kw29	figs-explicit		1	he has triumphed gloriously	It can be stated explicitly over whom Yahweh triumphed. Alternate translation: “he has achieved a glorious victory over the army of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1148	EXO	15	1	f6ue	figs-metaphor		1	the horse and its rider he has thrown into the sea	Moses sang about God causing the sea to cover and drown the horse and rider as if God had thrown them into the sea. Alternate translation: “he has made the sea cover over the horse and rider” or “he has made the horse and rider drown in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1149	EXO	15	1	cr5u	figs-genericnoun		1	the horse and its rider	This refers to all or many of the Egyptian horses and riders that were chasing the Israelites. Alternate translation: “the horses and their riders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1150	EXO	15	1	ex3p			1	rider	This is a person who sits on a horse or travels in a chariot that a horse is pulling.
1151	EXO	15	2	pb23	figs-metonymy		1	Yahweh is my strength	Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh is the one who gives me strength” or (2) “Yahweh is the strong one who protects me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1152	EXO	15	2	vk6l	figs-metonymy		1	song	Moses calls Yahweh his song because Yahweh is the one he sings about. Alternate translation: “the one I sing about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1153	EXO	15	2	kbv7	figs-metonymy		1	he has become my salvation	Moses calls God his salvation because God saved him. Alternate translation: “he has saved me” or “he is the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1154	EXO	15	3	p1d5	figs-metaphor		1	Yahweh is a warrior	Moses calls God a warrior because God powerfully fought against the Egyptians and won. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is like a warrior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1155	EXO	15	4	p8w6	figs-metaphor		1	He has thrown Pharaoh’s chariots and army into the sea	Moses sings about God causing the sea to cover Pharaohs chariots and army as if God had thrown them into the sea. Alternate translation: “he has made the sea cover over Pharaoh’s chariots and army” or “He has made Pharaoh’s chariot riders and army drown in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1156	EXO	15	5	nqe4	figs-simile		1	they went down into the depths like a stone	Just as a stone does not float but sinks to the bottom of the sea, the enemy soldiers sank to the bottom of the sea. Alternate translation: “they went down into the deep water like a stone sinking to the bottom of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1157	EXO	15	6	x1fz	figs-metonymy		1	Your right hand, Yahweh, is glorious in power	Moses speaks of God as if God had hands. The right hand refers to God’s power or the things God does powerfully. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, your power is glorious” or “Yahweh, what you do is glorious in power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1158	EXO	15	6	p1u6	figs-metonymy		1	your right hand, Yahweh, has shattered the enemy	Moses speaks of God as if God had hands. The right hand refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, your power has shattered the enemy” or “Yahweh, by your power you have shattered the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1159	EXO	15	6	rmd4	figs-metaphor		1	has shattered the enemy	Moses speaks of the enemy as if it were fragile and could be shattered like glass or pottery. Alternate translation: “has completely destroyed the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1160	EXO	15	7	nd3t	figs-metaphor		1	those who rose up against you	Rebelling against God is spoken of as rising up against him. Alternate translation: “those who rebelled against you” or “your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1161	EXO	15	7	glq7	figs-personification		1	You sent out your wrath	Moses speaks of God’s wrath as if it were a servant that God sent out to do something. Alternate translation: “You showed your wrath” or “You acted according to your wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1162	EXO	15	7	a5x7	figs-metaphor		1	it consumed them like stubble	Moses speaks of God’s wrath as if it were fire that could completely burn up things. His enemies were completely destroyed like stubble in a fire. Alternate translation: “it completely destroyed your enemies like a fire that burns up straw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1163	EXO	15	8	ic8v	figs-personification		1	By the blast of your nostrils	Moses speaks of God as if God had a nose, and he speaks of the wind as if God blew the wind from his nose. Alternate translation: “You blew on the sea and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1164	EXO	15	9	d8nk	figs-activepassive		1	my desire will be satisfied on them	This can be expressed with an active form. Alternate translation: “I will satisfy my desire on them” or “I will take all I want from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1165	EXO	15	9	sm77	figs-metonymy		1	my hand will destroy them	The enemies speak of destroying the Israelites by the power of their hands as if it were their hands that would destroy them. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them with my hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1166	EXO	15	10	yrj5	figs-metaphor		1	But you blew with your wind	Moses spoke about God making the wind blow as if God blew the wind through his nose or mouth. Alternate translation: “But you made the wind blow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1167	EXO	15	10	f7d3	figs-simile		1	sank like lead in the mighty waters	Lead is a heavy metal that is commonly used to make things sink in water. The word “lead” here is used to show how fast God’s enemies were destroyed. Alternate translation: “sank as fast as lead in the deep turbulent waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1168	EXO	15	11	wq2s	figs-rquestion		1	Who is like you, Yahweh, among the gods?	Moses uses this question to show how great God is. Alternate translation: “O Yahweh, no one is like you among the gods!” or “Yahweh, none of the gods is like you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1169	EXO	15	11	pp57	figs-rquestion		1	Who is like you,…doing miracles?	Moses uses this question to show how great God is. Alternate translation: No one is like you. No one is majestic in holiness as you are, no one is honored in praises as you are, and no one does miracles as you do!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1170	EXO	15	12	cid8	figs-metonymy		1	with your right hand	The phrase “right hand” represents the strong power of God. Alternate translation: “with your strong power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1171	EXO	15	12	bkg2	figs-metaphor		1	You reached out with your right hand	Moses speaks about God causing something to happen as if God reached out with his hand. Alternate translation: “With your strong power you made it happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1172	EXO	15	12	g7bv	figs-personification		1	the earth swallowed them	Moses personifies the earth as if it could swallow or devour with it’s mouth. Alternate translation: “the earth devoured them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1173	EXO	15	14	zi1m			1	tremble	This means to shake because you are afraid.
1174	EXO	15	14	uqf7	figs-personification		1	terror will seize the inhabitants of Philistia	Moses speaks of terror as if it were a person that could forcefully grab hold of someone and make them extremely afraid. Alternate translation: “the inhabitants of Philistia will be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1175	EXO	15	15	ya48	figs-metaphor		1	will melt away	Moses speaks of people becoming weak from their fear as melting away. Alternate translation: “will be weak from fear” or “will be afraid and faint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1176	EXO	15	16	m1kt			1	Connecting Statement:	Moses continues to sing about how the people of other nations will feel when they see God’s people.
1177	EXO	15	16	nk67	figs-doublet		1	Terror and dread will fall on them	These two words mean that fear will come upon them. Alternate translation: “Fear will come upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1178	EXO	15	16	fc8v			1	dread	Dread is extreme fear or anxiety about something that is going to happen or might happen.
1179	EXO	15	16	t2yp	figs-metonymy		1	Because of your arm’s power	God’s arm represents his great strength. Alternate translation: “Because of your great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1180	EXO	15	16	umm7	figs-simile		1	they will become as still as a stone	Possible meanings are (1) “They will be silent like stone” or (2) “They will be motionless as stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1181	EXO	15	17	n5i5	figs-explicit		1	You will bring them	Where God would bring them can be stated clearly. Since Moses was not already in Canaan, some languages would use “take” rather than “bring.” Alternate translation: “You will take your people to Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
1182	EXO	15	17	t6wg	figs-metaphor		1	plant them on the mountain	Moses speaks about God giving his people the land to live in as if they were a tree that God was planting. Alternate translation: “settle them on the mountain” or “let them live on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1183	EXO	15	17	p7kb			1	the mountain of your inheritance	This refers to Mount Zion in the land of Canaan.
1184	EXO	15	17	ie26	figs-metaphor		1	of your inheritance	Moses speaks about God promising to give his people the mountain forever as if he were giving it to them as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “that you have given them as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1185	EXO	15	17	ytz3	figs-metonymy		1	that your hands have built	The phrase “your hands” refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “that you have built by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
1186	EXO	15	20	g7s6	translate-names		1	Miriam…Aaron	Miriam was the older sister of Moses and Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1187	EXO	15	20	gam2	translate-unknown		1	tambourine	This is a musical instrument like a small drum that also has pieces of metal around the side that make a sound when shaken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1188	EXO	15	21	f6m3	figs-explicit		1	he has triumphed gloriously	It can be stated explicitly over whom Yahweh triumphed. See how you translated this in Exodus 15:1. Alternate translation: “he has achieved a glorious victory over the army of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1189	EXO	15	21	hvu1	figs-metaphor		1	The horse and his rider he has thrown into the sea	Miriam sang about God causing the sea to cover and drown the horse and rider as if God had thrown them into the sea. See how you translated this in Exodus 15:1. Alternate translation: “He has made the horse and rider drown in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1190	EXO	15	22	iw9n	figs-metonymy		1	Moses led Israel	The word “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Moses led the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1191	EXO	15	22	c7pe	translate-names		1	wilderness of Shur	We do not know the exact locations of this place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1192	EXO	15	23	a9pv	translate-names		1	Marah	We do not know the exact locations of this place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1193	EXO	15	24	n64m			1	complained to Moses and said	“were unhappy and told Moses” or “angrily told Moses”
1194	EXO	15	26	l2hx	figs-123person		1	the voice of Yahweh your God	Yahweh is speaking about his own voice. His voice represents what he says. Alternate translation: “my voice” or “what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1195	EXO	15	26	sq5x	figs-metaphor		1	do what is right in his eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “do what Yahweh considers to be right”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1196	EXO	15	26	m4cn	figs-metaphor		1	I will put on you none of the diseases	God speaks of causing people to have diseases as putting diseases on them. Alternate translation: “I will not cause any of you to have the diseases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1197	EXO	15	27	did8	translate-names		1	Elim	This is an oasis in the desert, a place with water and shade trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1198	EXO	15	27	ark9	translate-numbers		1	twelve	“12” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1199	EXO	15	27	p64y	translate-numbers		1	seventy	“70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1200	EXO	16	intro	nkd7			0		Exodus 16 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Complaints The Israelites complained about the amount of food Yahweh gave them, even when he miraculously provided their food for them. This is intended to show their ungratefulness and their sinful view of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Prohibition against storing food The people were not allowed to store the food, called manna, they were provided with. This is because they were to trust in Yahweh to provide for their needs every day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) Sabbath This is the first recorded celebration of the Sabbath rest. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) Ark of the covenant Although the covenant has not yet been made, it is referenced in Exodus 16:34. This is probably done either in anticipation of the building of the ark or as an editorial comment made by Moses after these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Wilderness of Sin Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is not the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1201	EXO	16	1	gw67	translate-names		1	wilderness of Sin	The word “Sin” here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. It is not the English word “sin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1202	EXO	16	1	h44x	translate-hebrewmonths		1	on the fifteenth day of the second month	This time coincides with the end of April and the beginning of May on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “on day 15 of the second month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1203	EXO	16	2	h938	figs-hyperbole		1	The whole community of Israelites complained	“All the Israelites complained.” This is a generalization. Moses and Aaron did not complain. Alternate translation: “The Israelites complained” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1204	EXO	16	2	nx6f			1	complained	“were angry and spoke”
1205	EXO	16	3	nwy6			1	If only we had died	This is a way of saying that they wished that they had died. Alternate translation: “We wish that we had died”
1206	EXO	16	3	g1n1	figs-metonymy		1	by Yahweh’s hand	The phrase “Yahweh’s hand” represents Yahweh’s action. Alternate translation: “by Yahweh’s action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1207	EXO	16	4	kls5	figs-metaphor		1	I will rain down bread from heaven for you	God speaks of food coming down from heaven as if it were rain. Alternate translation: “I will make bread come down from heaven like rain” or “I will make bread fall to you from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1208	EXO	16	4	i1xw	figs-metaphor		1	bread	God speaks of the food that he will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. Alternate translation: “food” or “food like bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1209	EXO	16	4	se28	figs-metaphor		1	walk in my law	God speaks of obeying his law as walking in it. Alternate translation: “obey my law” or “live according to my law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1210	EXO	16	4	yew5			1	my law	“my command”
1211	EXO	16	5	p1f6			1	It will come about on the sixth day, that they	“It will happen on the sixth day that they” or “On the sixth day they”
1212	EXO	16	5	cl74	translate-numbers		1	on the sixth day	“on day 6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1213	EXO	16	5	t5il			1	twice	two times
1214	EXO	16	7	zb21	figs-rquestion	מָ֔ה כִּ֥י תלונו	1	Who are we for you to complain against us?	Moses and Aaron used this question to show the people that it was foolish to complain against them. Alternate translation: “We are not powerful enough for you to complain against us.” or “It is foolish to complain against us, because we cannot do what you want.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1215	EXO	16	8	v8rq	figs-metaphor		1	bread	Moses speaks of the food that God will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in Exodus 16:4. Alternate translation: “food” or “food like bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1216	EXO	16	8	pn4e	figs-rquestion		1	Who are Aaron and I?	Moses used this question to show the people that he and Aaron did not have the power to give them what they wanted. Alternate translation: “Aaron and I cannot give you what you want.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1217	EXO	16	8	vdr8	figs-explicit		1	Your complaints are not against us; they are against Yahweh	The people were complaining against Moses and Aaron, who were Yahweh’s servants. So by complaining against them, the people were really complaining against Yahweh. Alternate translation: Your complaints are not really against us; they are against Yahweh, because we are his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1218	EXO	16	10	q4ax			1	It came about	This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. The important event here is the people seeing Yahweh’s glory. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1219	EXO	16	10	b6rp			1	behold	The word “behold” here shows that the people saw something interesting.
1220	EXO	16	12	g7xc	figs-metaphor		1	bread	God speaks of the food that he will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in Exodus 16:4. Alternate translation: “food” or “food like bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1221	EXO	16	13	aas8			1	It came about…that	This phrase is used here to mark an important part of the events. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1222	EXO	16	13	eu1x	translate-unknown		1	quails	These are small, plump birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1223	EXO	16	14	k5lb	figs-simile		1	like frost	The original readers knew what frost is like, so this phrase would help them understand what the flakes were like. Frost is frozen dew that forms on the ground. It is very fine. Alternate translation: “that looked like frost” or “that was fine like frost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1224	EXO	16	15	n5e7	figs-metaphor		1	bread	Moses speaks of the food that God sent as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in Exodus 16:4. Alternate translation: “food” or “food like bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1225	EXO	16	16	v1c6			1	Connecting Statement:	Moses continues telling the people about the food that God was providing for them.
1226	EXO	16	16	fqp9	translate-bvolume		1	omer	2 liters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
1227	EXO	16	22	nrx8			1	It came about that	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. Verses 16:22-30 tell about what the people did concerning the manna on the sixth and seventh days of the week. If your language has a way for marking this as a new part of the story, you could consider using it here.
1228	EXO	16	22	xk6x	translate-numbers		1	on the sixth day	“on day 6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1229	EXO	16	22	zj1u			1	twice	two times
1230	EXO	16	22	f4j9			1	bread	This refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning.
1231	EXO	16	23	wc4a			1	a solemn rest	“a day to rest quietly and think seriously”
1232	EXO	16	24	y4d9			1	did not become foul	“did not smell rotten”
1233	EXO	16	25	pr1p			1	today is a day reserved as a Sabbath to honor Yahweh	“today is a Sabbath and is to be used only for honoring Yahweh”
1234	EXO	16	26	jv77	translate-numbers		1	but the seventh day	“but on day seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1235	EXO	16	26	hq5i			1	manna	This was the name the Israelites gave to the bread that Yahweh caused to appear for them each morning.
1236	EXO	16	27	qf14			1	they found none	“they did not find any manna”
1237	EXO	16	28	q41d			1	General Information:	Yahweh speaks to Moses, but the word you refers to the people of Israel in general.
1238	EXO	16	28	e1vx	figs-rquestion		1	How long will you refuse to keep my commandments and my laws?	God used this question to scold the people because they did not obey his laws. Alternate translation: “You people still do not keep my commandments and laws!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1239	EXO	16	28	vnq7			1	to keep my commandments and my laws	“to obey my commandments and my laws”
1240	EXO	16	29	p22l	figs-metaphor		1	Yahweh has given you the Sabbath	Yahweh speaks about teaching people to rest on the Sabbath as if the Sabbath were a gift. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, have taught you to rest on the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1241	EXO	16	29	dt58	translate-numbers		1	sixth day…two days…seventh day	“day 6…2 days…day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1242	EXO	16	29	y8wf			1	bread	This refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning.
1243	EXO	16	31	r1a5	translate-unknown		1	coriander seed	Coriander is also known as cilantro. People dry the seeds and grind them into a powder and put it in food to give it flavor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1244	EXO	16	31	vrl4			1	wafers	very thin biscuits or crackers
1245	EXO	16	32	nxa9	translate-bvolume		1	omer	2 liters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
1246	EXO	16	32	g93h			1	bread	This refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning.
1247	EXO	16	33	rtw7	translate-bvolume		1	an omer	“two liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
1248	EXO	16	36	g8ns	translate-bvolume		1	Now an omer is a tenth of an ephah	An omer and an ephah are both containers for measuring volume. The original readers would have known how much an ephah was. This sentence would help them know how much an omer was. For languages that do not use fractions, this can be reworded. Alternate translation: “Now ten omers equal one ephah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1249	EXO	17	intro	f12q			0		Exodus 17 General Notes Important figures of speech in this chapter Rhetorical Questions Moses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince people of their sin. Likewise, the people’s rhetorical question showed their ignorance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Wilderness of Sin Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is not the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1250	EXO	17	1	h1li	translate-names		1	wilderness of Sin	The word “Sin” here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. It is not the English word “sin.” See how you translated this in Exodus 16:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1251	EXO	17	1	j1fm	translate-names		1	Rephidim	This means “the resting place,” a place to rest on long journeys through the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1252	EXO	17	2	hr9b	figs-rquestion		1	Why do you quarrel with me? Why do you test Yahweh?	Moses uses these questions to scold the people. Alternate translation: “You should not quarrel with me! You should not test Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1253	EXO	17	3	cz24	figs-rquestion		1	To kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst?	The people use this question to accuse Moses of wanting to kill them. Alternate translation: “You only brought us out here to kill us and our children and cattle by not letting us have any water to drink!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1254	EXO	17	7	x5an	translate-names		1	Massah	a place in the desert whose name means “testing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1255	EXO	17	7	hw7y	translate-names		1	Meribah	a place in the desert whose name means “complaining” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1256	EXO	17	8	rv14	translate-names		1	Rephidim	This was the name of a place in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1257	EXO	17	10	ca3g	figs-synecdoche		1	So Joshua fought Amalek	Joshua represents himself and the Israelites that he led into battle. Alternate translation: “So Joshua and the men he chose fought against the Amalekites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1258	EXO	17	10	wy51	translate-names		1	Hur	Hur was a friend of Moses and Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1259	EXO	17	11	x5ex	figs-synecdoche		1	Israel was winning…Amalek would begin to win	The words “Israel” and “Amalek” represent the fighters from those groups. Alternate translation: “the Israelite fighters were winning…the Amalekite fighters would begin to win” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1260	EXO	17	12	hxt8	figs-metonymy		1	hands became heavy	The author writes of Moses’ arms becoming tired as if his hands became heavy. Alternate translation: “arms became tired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1261	EXO	17	13	plp3	figs-metonymy		1	with the sword	The sword represents battle. Alternate translation: “in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1262	EXO	17	14	c5rl	figs-metaphor		1	I will completely blot out the memory of Amalek	God speaks of destroying Amalek as if he were removing people’s memory of Amalek. When a group of people is completely destroyed, there is nothing to remind people about them. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy Amalek” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1263	EXO	17	14	jm77	figs-metonymy		1	Amalek	This refers to the Amalekites. Alternate translation: Amalekites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1264	EXO	17	16	bw78	figs-metonymy		1	a hand was lifted up	People would raise their hand when they made a promise or pledge, so raising the hand represents making a promise. Alternate translation: “a promise was made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1265	EXO	17	16	s86d	figs-activepassive		1	a hand was lifted up	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh lifted up his hand” or “Yahweh made a solemn promise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1266	EXO	18	intro	t8g2			0		Exodus 18 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Leadership lessons Jethro taught Moses an important leadership lesson in this chapter. Many scholars look at this chapter for important leadership lessons. Moses delegated some of his responsibilities to other godly men so that he would not become worn out by all the demands made of him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
1267	EXO	18	1	nl86			1	Moses’ father-in-law	This refers to the father of the wife of Moses.
1268	EXO	18	2	zw6h			1	took Zipporah, Moses’ wife	Possible meanings are (1) Jethro took Zipporah to Moses, or (2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah.
1269	EXO	18	2	chy6	figs-explicit		1	after he had sent her home	This is something Moses had done earlier. The full meaning of the can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “after Moses had sent her home to her parents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1270	EXO	18	3	khs1			1	and her two sons	This is the ending of the sentence that begins with the words “Jethro…took Zipporah” in verse 2. Possible meanings are (1) Jethro took Zipporah and her two sons to Moses, or (2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah and her two sons.
1271	EXO	18	3	k4mb	translate-names		1	Gershom	This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means “foreigner.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1272	EXO	18	4	xi35	translate-names		1	Eliezer	This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means “God is the one who helps me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1273	EXO	18	4	z2km	figs-metonymy		1	Pharaoh’s sword	This represents being killed by Pharaoh or Pharaoh’s army. Alternate translation: “being killed by Pharaoh” or “being killed by Pharaoh’s army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1274	EXO	18	5	kpq9	figs-activepassive		1	where he was camped	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where he camped with the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1275	EXO	18	7	s5p2	translate-symaction		1	bowed down, and kissed him	These symbolic acts were the normal way that people showed great respect and devotion in that culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1276	EXO	18	8	rkq2	figs-metonymy		1	for Israel’s sake	The word “Israel” represents the Israelite people. Alternate translation: “in order to help the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1277	EXO	18	8	a1ra	figs-metaphor		1	all the hardships that had come to them	Moses writes of hardships happening to them as if hardships had come to them. Alternate translation: “all the hardships that had happened to them” or “all the hardships they had experienced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1278	EXO	18	9	wp1p	figs-metonymy		1	the hand of the Egyptians	The hand represents the power of someone to do something. Alternate translation: “the power of the Egyptians…the power of Pharaoh” or “what the Egyptians were doing to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1279	EXO	18	10	nrv7	figs-metonymy		1	the hand of the Egyptians…the hand of Pharaoh	The hand represents the power of someone to do something. Alternate translation: “the power of the Egyptians…the power of Pharaoh” or “what the Egyptians were doing to you…what Pharaoh was doing to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1280	EXO	18	14	bax5	figs-rquestion		1	What is this that you are doing with the people?	Jethro uses this question to show Moses that what he was doing was not good. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not be doing all of this for the people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1281	EXO	18	14	b5wj	figs-rquestion		1	Why is it that you sit alone…from morning until evening?	Jethro used this question to show Moses that he was doing too much. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not sit alone…from morning till evening!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1282	EXO	18	14	cfd1	figs-metonymy		1	you sit alone	The word “sit” here is a metonym for “judge.” Judges would sit while they listened to people’s complaints. Alternate translation: “you judge alone” or “you are the only one who judges the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1283	EXO	18	18	jtd2			1	You will surely wear yourselves out	“you will surely make yourselves very tired”
1284	EXO	18	18	h91b	figs-metaphor		1	This burden is too heavy for you	Jethro speaks of the hard work that Moses is doing as if it were a physical burden that Moses was carrying. Alternate translation: “This work is too much for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1285	EXO	18	19	pug7			1	you advice	“you guidance” or “you instruction”
1286	EXO	18	19	v8i9	figs-metaphor		1	God will be with you	Jethro speaks of God helping Moses as if God would be with Moses. Alternate translation: “God will help you” or “God will give you wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1287	EXO	18	19	w4r8	figs-metaphor		1	you bring their disputes to him	Jethro speaks of Moses telling God about their disputes as if Moses were bringing their disputes to God. Alternate translation: “you tell God about their disputes” or “you tell God what they are arguing about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1288	EXO	18	20	w3vf	figs-metaphor		1	You must show them the way to walk	Jethro speaks of living or behaving like walking. Alternate translation: “You must show them how to live” or “You must show them how to behave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1289	EXO	18	21	p2rq			1	Connecting Statement:	Jethro continues speaking to Moses.
1290	EXO	18	21	p5ap			1	Furthermore, you must choose	“In addition, you must choose” or “You must also choose”
1291	EXO	18	21	n936	figs-metaphor		1	You must put them over people	Jethro speaks of giving them authority over people as putting them over people. Alternate translation: You must give them authority over people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1292	EXO	18	21	d2hv	translate-numbers		1	leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and of tens	Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or (2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1293	EXO	18	22	p4sr			1	routine cases	“the simple cases”
1294	EXO	18	22	y5n2	figs-metaphor		1	the difficult cases they will bring to you	Jethro speaks of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. Alternate translation: “the difficult cases they will tell you about” or “when there are difficult cases, they will tell you about them so you can judge them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1295	EXO	18	22	u42p	figs-metaphor		1	they will carry the burden with you	Jethro speaks of the hard work that they would do as if it were a burden that they would carry. Alternate translation: “they will do the hard work with you” or “they will help you do the hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1296	EXO	18	23	wyq4	figs-explicit		1	endure	What they will endure can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “endure the stress of the work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1297	EXO	18	25	n2ws	figs-metaphor		1	heads over the people	Moses writes of the leaders of people as if they were the head of a body. Alternate translation: “leaders of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1298	EXO	18	25	tb18	figs-explicit		1	capable men	What they were capable of doing can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “men who were able to lead” or “men who were able to judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1299	EXO	18	25	iqn8	translate-numbers		1	leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens	Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or (2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” See how you translated this in Exodus 18:21. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1300	EXO	18	26	abx4			1	judged the people in normal circumstances	“judged the people most of the time” or “judged the people’s easy cases”
1301	EXO	18	26	z7j4	figs-metaphor		1	The difficult cases they brought to Moses	The author writes of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. Alternate translation: “the difficult cases they told Moses about” or “when there were difficult cases, they told Moses about them so that he would judge them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1302	EXO	18	26	ve8h			1	the small cases	“the easy cases”
1303	EXO	19	intro	ck7e			0		Exodus 19 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter “A kingdom of priests” The function of the priests was to intercede for the people. The Levites were the only priests in Israel; this is a metaphor indicating that the nation was to intercede for the world as a whole. They were also to be holy, or set apart, from the rest of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) Revealing the Law The events of this chapter are concerned with preparing the people to receive the law of Moses. The people go through all of this to prepare themselves for the law, which show the great importance of this event for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
1304	EXO	19	1	r5tj	translate-hebrewmonths		1	In the third month…on the same day	This means they arrived at the wilderness on the first day of the month just as they left Egypt on the first day of the month. The first day of the third month on the Hebrew calendar is near the middle of May on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “In the third month…on the first day of the month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1305	EXO	19	1	xw7p			1	had gone out from	“had left”
1306	EXO	19	2	nk51	translate-names		1	Rephidim	This is an area on the edge of the wilderness of Sinai where the people of Israel had been camping. See how you translated this name in Exodus 17:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1307	EXO	19	3	s2qt	figs-metonymy		1	the house of Jacob	The word “house” here represents Jacob’s family and descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1308	EXO	19	3	f4qw			1	the house of Jacob, the people of Israel	The phrase “the people of Israel” explains what “the house of Jacob” means.
1309	EXO	19	4	z9i6	figs-you		1	You have seen	The word you here refers to the Israelites. Yahweh is telling Moses what to tell the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1310	EXO	19	4	b7ph	figs-metaphor		1	I carried you on eagles’ wings	God speaks of caring for his people while they traveled as if he were an eagle and carried them on his wings. Alternate translation: “I helped you travel like an eagle that carries her babies on her wings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1311	EXO	19	5	th35			1	obediently listen to my voice	Obediently can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “listen to my voice and obey me”
1312	EXO	19	5	c767	figs-metonymy		1	my voice	God’s voice represents what he says. Alternate translation: “what I say” or “my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1313	EXO	19	5	fh8e			1	keep my covenant	“do what my covenant requires you to do”
1314	EXO	19	5	ifv6			1	special possession	“treasure”
1315	EXO	19	6	gm9s	figs-metaphor		1	a kingdom of priests	God speaks of his people as if they were priests. Alternate translation: “a kingdom of people who are like priests” or “a kingdom of people who do what priests do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1316	EXO	19	7	c5tq	figs-metaphor		1	set before them all these words	The author writes of Moses telling people things as if he were setting the words before them. AT “told them all these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1317	EXO	19	7	zqk1			1	all these words that Yahweh had commanded him	“all that Yahweh had commanded him”
1318	EXO	19	8	ljf5	figs-go		1	Moses came to report	Where Moses went can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Moses went back up the mountain to report” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1319	EXO	19	8	rwx6	figs-metonymy		1	the people’s words	The word “words” refers to what the people said. Alternate translation: “what the people said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1320	EXO	19	10	ie7y			1	you must set them apart to me	This probably means “tell them to dedicate themselves to me” or “tell them to purify themselves for me.”
1321	EXO	19	10	j891			1	their garments	“their clothes” or “what they are wearing”
1322	EXO	19	11	d6tm	figs-you		1	Be ready	This was a command to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1323	EXO	19	12	lg7u			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1324	EXO	19	12	d48p			1	set boundaries	“make a boundary.” This was either a mark or some kind of barrier.
1325	EXO	19	12	kis1	figs-activepassive		1	Whoever touches the mountain will surely be put to death	This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “You must surely put to death any person who touches the mountain” or “You must surely kill anyone who touches the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1326	EXO	19	12	ibe7			1	Whoever touches	“Any person who touches” or “Anyone who touches”
1327	EXO	19	13	l9ak			1	such a person	“a person who does that” or “a person who touches the mountain”
1328	EXO	19	13	k35k	figs-activepassive		1	he must certainly be stoned or shot	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly stone or shoot him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1329	EXO	19	13	vw19			1	shot	This refers to being killed by someone who shoots arrows from a bow or stones from a slingshot.
1330	EXO	19	13	ng41			1	a long blast	“a long, loud sound”
1331	EXO	19	15	bw2p	figs-euphemism		1	do not go near your wives	This is a polite way of talking about sleeping with their wives. Alternate translation: “do not sleep with your wives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1332	EXO	19	16	fvt8			1	All the people…trembled	“All the people…shook with fear”
1333	EXO	19	18	m1b5			1	Yahweh descended	“Yahweh came down”
1334	EXO	19	18	a8p7			1	like the smoke of a furnace	This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. Alternate translation: “like the smoke from a very large fire”
1335	EXO	19	18	np1s	translate-unknown		1	furnace	an oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1336	EXO	19	19	m8ae			1	grew louder and louder	“continued to become louder and louder”
1337	EXO	19	19	f5e6	figs-metonymy		1	in a voice	The word “voice” here refers to a sound that God made. Possible meanings are (1) “by speaking loudly like thunder” or (2) “by speaking” or (3) “by causing thunder to sound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1338	EXO	19	20	v7mh			1	he summoned Moses	“he commanded Moses to come up”
1339	EXO	19	21	d2qm	figs-metaphor		1	not to break through	God spoke about walking past the boundary as if they might break down a barrier and walk through it. See how you translated “set bounds” in Exodus 19:12. Alternate translation: “not to go beyond the boundary” or “not to go through the barrier”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1340	EXO	19	24	w8lx			1	get down	“go down”
1341	EXO	19	24	bk6p	figs-metaphor		1	break through the barrier	God spoke about walking past the boundary as if they might break down a barrier and walk through it. See how you translated a similar phrase in Exodus 19:21. Alternate translation: “go beyond the boundary” or “go through the barrier” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1342	EXO	20	intro	x7vt			0		Exodus 20 General Notes Structure and formatting The instructions recorded in this chapter are commonly known as the “ten commandments.” Special concepts in this chapter Covenant Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness is now based on the covenant he made with Abraham as well as the covenant he is making with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
1343	EXO	20	2	qg71			1	house of slavery	“place where you were slaves”
1344	EXO	20	3	r9h3			1	You must have no other gods before me	“You must not worship any other gods but me”
1345	EXO	20	4	rkn1			1	nor the likeness	“and you must not make the likeness”
1346	EXO	20	5	ka3i			1	You must not bow down to them or worship them	The word “them” refers to carved figures or idols.
1347	EXO	20	5	r6zh			1	jealous	God wants his people to worship only him.
1348	EXO	20	5	w4cs			1	punish the ancestors’ wickedness by bringing punishment on the descendants	God will punish people for the sin of their parents.
1349	EXO	20	5	s2ia	translate-ordinal		1	to the third and the fourth generation	“to generations 3 and 4.” This refers to the grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Alternate translation: “even on the grandchildren and great-grandchildren (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1350	EXO	20	6	u9nc	figs-abstractnouns		1	I show covenant faithfulness to thousands of those who love me	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithfully” or “faithful.” Alternate translation: “I faithfully love thousands of those who love me” or “I am faithful to the covenant with thousands of those who love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1351	EXO	20	6	yw38	figs-explicit		1	to thousands of those who love me	The word “thousands” is a metonym for a number too many to count. Alternate translation: “forever to those who love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1352	EXO	20	7	t3k2			1	take the name of Yahweh your God	“use the name of Yahweh your God”
1353	EXO	20	7	gcz2			1	in vain	“carelessly” or “without proper respect”
1354	EXO	20	7	sl6g	figs-doublenegatives		1	I will not hold guiltless	This double-negative can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “I will certainly consider guilty” or “I will certainly punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1355	EXO	20	8	kwn7			1	set it apart	“set it apart for a special purpose”
1356	EXO	20	9	sad1			1	do all your work	“do all your usual duties”
1357	EXO	20	10	t1ky	figs-metonymy		1	within your gates	Cities often had walls around them to keep out enemies, and gates for people to go in and out. Alternate translation: “within your community” or “inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1358	EXO	20	11	vw1f	translate-ordinal		1	on the seventh day	“on day seven.” Here “seventh” is the ordinal number for “7.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1359	EXO	20	11	s8ds			1	blessed the Sabbath day	Possible meanings are that (1) God caused the Sabbath day to produce good results, or (2) God said that the Sabbath day was good.
1360	EXO	20	14	wyv9			1	You must not commit adultery	“You must not have sex with anyone other than your spouse”
1361	EXO	20	16	zix8			1	must not give false testimony	“must not speak a false report” or “must not tell lies about someone”
1362	EXO	20	17	vt9t			1	must not covet	“must not strongly want to have” or “must not want to take”
1363	EXO	20	18	swq3			1	voice of the trumpet	“sound of the trumpet”
1364	EXO	20	18	nm52			1	the mountain smoking	“smoke coming from the mountain”
1365	EXO	20	18	lmt5			1	they trembled	“they shook with fear”
1366	EXO	20	18	h53m			1	stood far off	“stood far away” or “stood at a distance”
1367	EXO	20	20	slb8			1	so that the honor of him may be in you, and so that you do not sin	“so that you will honor him and not sin”
1368	EXO	20	21	lts1			1	Moses approached	“Moses went closer to”
1369	EXO	20	22	tq2f			1	This is what you must tell the Israelites	“Tell the Israelites this”
1370	EXO	20	22	r6jh			1	You yourselves have seen that I have talked with you from heaven	“You have heard me speak to you from heaven”
1371	EXO	20	23	hi91			1	You will not make for yourselves other gods alongside me	“You must not make idols as other gods instead of me”
1372	EXO	20	23	qm44			1	gods of silver or gods of gold	“gods made out of silver or gold” or “idols made out of silver or gold”
1373	EXO	20	24	pf1i			1	earthen altar	an altar made of materials from the ground, such as stone, soil, or clay
1374	EXO	20	24	ge89	figs-metonymy		1	cause my name to be honored	Here “name” is a metonym for God’s being. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “choose for you to honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1375	EXO	20	26	qm1b			1	You must not go up to my altar on steps	“Do not build steps up to the altar and go up to it on those steps”
1376	EXO	20	26	h2qd			1	your nakedness	“your private parts”
1377	EXO	21	intro	dnd3			0		Exodus 21 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Covenant with Moses Although the covenant Yahweh made with Moses began in the previous chapter, it formally begins with the statement, “Now these are the decrees that you must set before them.” The law of Moses was a major part of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) Slavery This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. However, it does impose some restrictions on the practice. Justice in society The rules and law of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God’s chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
1378	EXO	21	1	b3g4			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1379	EXO	21	1	hhf7			1	you must set before them	“you must give them” or “you must tell them”
1380	EXO	21	2	di5z			1	General Information:	Yahweh tells Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1381	EXO	21	3	ln3r	figs-explicit		1	If he came by himself, he must go free by himself	What “by himself” means can be stated clearly. Some languages require that the additional condition, that he marries while a slave, be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “If he became a slave while he had no wife, and if he marries while he is a slave, the master need only free the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1382	EXO	21	3	pfn3			1	by himself	“alone” or “without a wife”
1383	EXO	21	3	e467			1	if he is married	“if he was married when he became a slave” or “if he came as a married man”
1384	EXO	21	5	yj8x			1	plainly says	“clearly says”
1385	EXO	21	5	jqh4			1	I will not go out free	“I do not want my master to set me free”
1386	EXO	21	6	z8x1			1	bore his ear through	“put a hole in his ear”
1387	EXO	21	6	xpd3			1	awl	a pointed tool used to make a hole
1388	EXO	21	6	k6ev			1	for life	“until the end of his life” or “until he dies”
1389	EXO	21	8	p8se			1	has designated	“has chosen”
1390	EXO	21	8	t2zf	figs-activepassive		1	he must let her be bought back	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he must allow her father to buy her back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1391	EXO	21	8	bi4y			1	has no right to sell	“has no authority to sell”
1392	EXO	21	8	h7f7			1	he has treated her deceitfully	“he has deceived her”
1393	EXO	21	9	w99z			1	designates her as a wife for his son	“decides that she is the one who will be his son’s wife”
1394	EXO	21	10	rxk4	figs-doublenegatives		1	he must not diminish her food, clothing, or her marital rights	This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “he must give the first wife the same food, clothing, and marital rights she had before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1395	EXO	21	10	q2gt			1	must not diminish her food	“must not take away her food” or “must not give her less food”
1396	EXO	21	10	np9b	figs-euphemism		1	or her marital rights	This includes things that a husband must do for his wife, including sleeping with her. Alternate translation: “and he must continue to sleep with her as before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1397	EXO	21	12	gks4			1	strikes a man	“hits a man” or “attacks a man”
1398	EXO	21	12	su6b	figs-activepassive		1	that person must surely be put to death	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly execute that person” or “you must certainly kill that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1399	EXO	21	13	h4ka			1	did not do it with premeditation	“did not plan to do it” or “did not do it on purpose”
1400	EXO	21	13	gme9	figs-explicit		1	I will fix a place to where he can flee	The purpose of choosing a place can be stately clearly here. Alternate translation: “I will choose a place that he can run away to be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1401	EXO	21	14	st5h			1	according to a cunning plan	“after thinking carefully about it”
1402	EXO	21	14	abx6			1	must take him	The word “him” refers to the one who killed his neighbor.
1403	EXO	21	14	bcc6	figs-activepassive		1	so that he may die	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you can kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1404	EXO	21	15	y3hd	figs-activepassive		1	Whoever hits his father or mother must surely be put to death	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If anyone hits his father or mother, you must surely put him to death” or “You must surely kill anyone who hits his father or mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1405	EXO	21	15	qh2j			1	must surely	“must certainly”
1406	EXO	21	16	iu81	figs-activepassive		1	that kidnapper must be put to death	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill that kidnapper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1407	EXO	21	17	h8qf	figs-activepassive		1	Whoever curses his father or his mother must surely be put to death	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely kill anyone who curses his father or his mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1408	EXO	21	18	hk3c	figs-activepassive		1	is confined to his bed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “cannot get out of bed” or “has to stay in bed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1409	EXO	21	19	c7rv			1	he recovers	“he gets better”
1410	EXO	21	19	fa8t			1	staff	This is a stick that can be leaned on for support while walking.
1411	EXO	21	19	xg6c	figs-explicit		1	the loss of his time	This refers to a situation when someone cannot work to earn money. You can express this clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the time he could not work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1412	EXO	21	19	ws14			1	pay for his complete recovery	“pay his medical costs” or “pay for his costs for healing”
1413	EXO	21	20	te41			1	as a result of the blow	“because of the injury” or “because his master hit him”
1414	EXO	21	20	h4eg	figs-activepassive		1	that man must surely be punished	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly punish that man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1415	EXO	21	21	r65u	figs-explicit		1	for he will have suffered the loss of the servant	You can express clearly in the translation that the servant was valuable to his master. Alternate translation: “because he has already lost his servant who was valuable to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1416	EXO	21	22	a6av			1	she miscarries	“her baby dies in her womb” or “her baby is born too soon and dies”
1417	EXO	21	22	cn4h	figs-activepassive		1	the guilty man must surely be fined	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly fine the guilty man” or “the guilty man must pay a fine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1418	EXO	21	22	v5ye			1	as the judges determine	“what the judges decide”
1419	EXO	21	23	x2ek	figs-explicit		1	you must give a life for a life	This means that if she is hurt, the person who hurt her must be hurt in the same way. Alternate translation: “he must give his life for her life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1420	EXO	21	24	c5bq	figs-explicit		1	an eye for an eye	This means that if she is hurt, the person who hurt her must be hurt in the same way. Alternate translation: “his eye for her eye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1421	EXO	21	26	i8cg			1	If a man	Here “man” refers to the owner of a slave.
1422	EXO	21	26	bmc1			1	in compensation	“as payment.” Compensation is what someone does for another person or gives to another person to make up for what he has caused that person to lose.
1423	EXO	21	28	sp6w			1	an ox gores	“an ox injures with its horns”
1424	EXO	21	28	qk3u	figs-activepassive		1	the ox must surely be stoned	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must stone the ox to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1425	EXO	21	28	q2gv	figs-activepassive		1	its flesh must not be eaten	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must not eat its flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1426	EXO	21	28	d4li	figs-activepassive		1	the ox’s owner must be acquitted	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must acquit the ox’s owner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1427	EXO	21	29	nzn1	figs-activepassive		1	its owner also must be put to death	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must also kill its owner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1428	EXO	21	30	t5rs	figs-explicit		1	If a payment is required for his life	If the ox’s owner can pay a fine to save his own life, then he must pay whatever the judges decide. The full meaning of this can be stated clearly. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if the owner of the bull can pay a fine to save his own life, he must pay the full amount that the judges say that he must pay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1429	EXO	21	31	kg25			1	has gored	“has injured with its horns”
1430	EXO	21	32	qzv3	translate-bmoney		1	thirty shekels of silver	“330 grams of silver.” A shekel weighed eleven grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
1431	EXO	21	32	wm9a	figs-activepassive		1	the ox must be stoned	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill the ox by stoning it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1432	EXO	21	33	fd4p			1	opens a pit	“uncovers a hole in the ground” or “takes a cover off a hole in the ground”
1433	EXO	21	34	b48a	figs-explicit		1	repay the loss	The owner must be paid for the loss of his animal. Alternate translation: “pay the owner for the dead animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1434	EXO	21	34	j8qz	figs-explicit		1	will become his	The one who paid for the loss of the animal will become the owner of the dead animal and can do what he wants with it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “will belong to the owner of the pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1435	EXO	21	35	z9ug			1	divide its price	“divide the money” or “divide the money they receive”
1436	EXO	21	36	fkx2	figs-activepassive		1	if it was known	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if people knew” or “if the owner knew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1437	EXO	21	36	v64b			1	a habit of goring in time past	“had gored other animals before”
1438	EXO	21	36	ix8h	figs-explicit		1	its owner has not kept it in	This means that the owner did not keep his ox securely inside a fence. This can be clearly stated in the translation. Alternate translation: “its owner did not keep it inside a fence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1439	EXO	21	36	dcv2	figs-explicit		1	he must surely pay ox for ox	The owner of the ox that killed must give an ox to the man who lost his ox. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the owner of the ox that killed must surely give a living ox to the owner of the ox that died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1440	EXO	22	intro	f9vb			0		Exodus 22 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Justice in society The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God’s chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. In this chapter, the purpose of these laws often focuses on minimizing the people’s desire for vengeance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])
1441	EXO	22	1	syx5			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1442	EXO	22	2	mt43	figs-activepassive		1	If a thief is found	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If anyone finds a thief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1443	EXO	22	2	e98x			1	breaking in	“using force to come into a house”
1444	EXO	22	2	gt5f	figs-activepassive		1	if he is struck so that he dies	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if anyone strikes the thief so that he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1445	EXO	22	2	fq57			1	no guilt for murder will attach to anyone on his account	“no one will be guilty of murdering him”
1446	EXO	22	3	vym5			1	if the sun has risen before he breaks in	“if it is light before he breaks in” or “if he breaks in and it is after sunrise”
1447	EXO	22	3	nl2i			1	guilt for murder will attach to the person who kills him	“the person who kills him will be guilty of murder”
1448	EXO	22	3	f4w4			1	make restitution	“pay for what he stole”
1449	EXO	22	3	c5yl	figs-activepassive		1	he must be sold for his theft	This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “you must sell him as a slave in order to pay for what he stole” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1450	EXO	22	4	k926	figs-activepassive		1	If the stolen animal is found alive in his possession	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If they find that he still has the live animal that he stole” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1451	EXO	22	4	g5kg			1	pay back double	pay two animals for every animal that he took
1452	EXO	22	5	j24t			1	If a man grazes his livestock	“If a man lets his animals eat plants”
1453	EXO	22	5	ty82			1	it grazes	“it eats plants”
1454	EXO	22	5	jrb3			1	he must make restitution	“he must pay back the owner of that field”
1455	EXO	22	6	x6aj			1	If a fire breaks out and spreads in thorns	“If someone starts a fire and it spreads in thorns”
1456	EXO	22	6	i4ma			1	spreads in thorns	“moves along the ground through dry plants”
1457	EXO	22	6	u1pa			1	stacked grain	This is grain that has been cut and tied in bundles. “bundled grain” or “harvested grain”
1458	EXO	22	6	r2cf			1	standing grain	This is grain that has not been cut, but it is ready to be harvested.
1459	EXO	22	6	w6ku			1	a field is consumed	“fire consumes a field” or “fire destroys a field”
1460	EXO	22	6	j398			1	must surely make restitution	“must certainly pay for the grain that the fire destroyed”
1461	EXO	22	7	jw3v			1	for safe keeping	“to watch over it” or “to keep it safe”
1462	EXO	22	7	na9h	figs-activepassive		1	if it is stolen	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone steals it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1463	EXO	22	7	z7zu			1	thief	someone who steals something
1464	EXO	22	7	x2sh	figs-activepassive		1	if the thief is found	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if you find the thief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1465	EXO	22	8	lwg5			1	come before the judges to see whether	“come before the judges so that they can find out if”
1466	EXO	22	8	f774	figs-idiom		1	has put his own hand on his neighbor’s property	This is an idiom. If you have a way of saying this in your language, you can use it here. Alternate translation: “has stolen his neighbor’s property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1467	EXO	22	9	p7ab			1	the claim of both parties must come before the judges	The judges must listen to both people who claim that item belongs to them and the judges will decide who is guilty.
1468	EXO	22	11	gl7t	figs-activepassive		1	an oath to Yahweh must be taken by them both	Only the man who is accused of stealing the animal must swear the oath. The owner of the lost animal must accept the oath that has been sworn. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man who was caring for the animal must swear an oath before Yahweh and the owner must accept that oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1469	EXO	22	12	yw3w	figs-activepassive		1	But if it was stolen from him	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But if someone stole the animal from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1470	EXO	22	13	b313	figs-activepassive		1	If an animal was torn in pieces	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But if a wild beast tore the animal in pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1471	EXO	22	13	pc6i	figs-activepassive		1	He will not have to pay for what was torn	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will not have to pay for the animal that the wild beast destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1472	EXO	22	14	h8yw			1	must surely make restitution	“must certainly repay with another animal” or “must certainly pay the owner for the animal”
1473	EXO	22	15	g3zw	figs-activepassive		1	if the animal was hired	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone rented the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1474	EXO	22	15	r792	figs-explicit		1	it will be paid for by its hiring fee	The one who borrowed the animal will not have to pay the owner anything more than the hiring or rental fee. This fee will pay for the loss of the animal. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the money that someone paid to rent the animal will cover the loss of the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1475	EXO	22	15	f9w9			1	hiring fee	“rental fee” or “money paid to rent the animal”
1476	EXO	22	16	a8s8			1	a man seduces a virgin who is not engaged	“a man persuades a virgin who is not engaged that she wants to sleep with him”
1477	EXO	22	16	th2m			1	not engaged	“not promised to be married”
1478	EXO	22	16	g24h	figs-euphemism		1	if he lies with her	Lying with someone is a euphemism for having sex. Alternate translation: “if he has sex with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1479	EXO	22	16	x33y			1	bride wealth	“dowry” or “bride price”
1480	EXO	22	17	y2xz			1	him, he	These pronouns refer back to the man who seduced the virgin.
1481	EXO	22	19	y3qy	figs-euphemism		1	Whoever lies with an animal	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Whoever has sexual relations with an animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1482	EXO	22	20	n4nh	figs-activepassive		1	Yahweh must be completely destroyed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you must completely destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1483	EXO	22	21	kr35			1	wrong a foreigner	“mistreat a foreigner” or “cheat a foreigner”
1484	EXO	22	22	djh3	figs-doublenegatives		1	You must not mistreat any widow or fatherless child	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “You must treat all widows and fatherless children fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1485	EXO	22	22	v3i8			1	widow	“woman whose husband has died”
1486	EXO	22	22	l2ih			1	fatherless child	“orphan” or “child with no parents”
1487	EXO	22	24	sx9h	figs-metonymy		1	I will kill you with the sword	To be killed “with the sword” is a metonym that means a person will die violently, or perhaps fighting in a war. Alternate translation: “you will die a violent death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1488	EXO	22	25	v5je			1	a moneylender	“one who lends money”
1489	EXO	22	25	g3ry			1	charge him interest	“charge him extra money for borrowing” or “charge him extra money for the loan”
1490	EXO	22	26	vsk2			1	garment in pledge	“coat as collateral” or “coat as a guarantee to repay the loan”
1491	EXO	22	27	wi2m			1	only covering	“only coat” or “only garment to keep him warm”
1492	EXO	22	27	x7zb	figs-rquestion		1	What else can he sleep in?	This question adds emphasis. You can translate it as a strong statement. Alternate translation: “He will have nothing to wear while he sleeps!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1493	EXO	22	28	eel2			1	You must not blaspheme me, God	“Do not insult God” or “Do not speak evil about God”
1494	EXO	22	28	tdj6			1	nor curse a ruler	“and do not ask God to do bad things to a ruler”
1495	EXO	22	29	p8nk	figs-doublenegatives		1	You must not hold back offerings	This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “You must bring all of your offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1496	EXO	22	29	m4yq			1	give to me the firstborn of your sons	“dedicate your firstborn sons to me”
1497	EXO	22	30	cya6			1	do the same with	“dedicate to me the firstborn of”
1498	EXO	22	30	j345	translate-numbers		1	For seven days	This can be written as a numeral. Alternate translation: “For 7 days after they are born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1499	EXO	22	30	m4wq	translate-numbers		1	the eighth day	This can be written as a numeral. Alternate translation: “day number 8” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1500	EXO	22	30	l9vh			1	give them to me	“dedicate them to me”
1501	EXO	23	intro	hk5t			0		Exodus 23 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Justice in society The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God’s chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) Celebrations of feasts and festivals The people of Israel were required to celebrate certain feasts and festivals. These were part of the law of Moses and some are described in this chapter. Their purpose was to worship Yahweh and to remember the great things Yahweh has done for them.
1502	EXO	23	1	we1y			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1503	EXO	23	1	y1a3			1	dishonest witness	This is the same as a lying or false witness.
1504	EXO	23	2	nqz9			1	nor may you bear witness	“and you also must not speak”
1505	EXO	23	2	z6ej	figs-metaphor		1	siding with the crowd	This is a metaphor that describes one’s agreeing with a group of people as if he actually walked over and stood with that group. Alternate translation: “doing what the crowd wants” or “agreeing with the majority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1506	EXO	23	2	tnv2			1	pervert justice	do illegal or immoral actions that result in a unjust ruling
1507	EXO	23	4	faf4			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1508	EXO	23	6	gr9g			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1509	EXO	23	6	z2al			1	Do not thrust aside justice for your poor in his lawsuit	“Do not decide to treat a poor man unjustly in legal matters”
1510	EXO	23	6	vh76			1	lawsuit	Here, this refers to any matter that a court decides.
1511	EXO	23	7	mf4w			1	I will not acquit the wicked	“I will not find the wicked not guilty” or “I will not say of wicked people that they are innocent”
1512	EXO	23	8	gh3v	figs-personification		1	bribe blinds…perverts	Here a “bribe” is described as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “bribe discredits…undermines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1513	EXO	23	9	mzu9			1	the life of a foreigner	“the kind of life a stranger lives in a foreign land”
1514	EXO	23	10	usn5			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1515	EXO	23	10	rt7h			1	its produce	“the food its plants produce”
1516	EXO	23	11	vr1l			1	unplowed	uncultivated, untilled
1517	EXO	23	11	b5q6			1	fallow	in its natural state, not used for to grow food
1518	EXO	23	11	s4wv	figs-explicit		1	so that the poor among your people may eat	The poor can eat any food that grows on its own in a field that is not cultivated. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “so the poor among your people may harvest and eat any food that grows on its own in that field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1519	EXO	23	12	v36j			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1520	EXO	23	12	ij92			1	your ox and your donkey	“your work animals”
1521	EXO	23	12	gpu1	figs-activepassive		1	any foreigner may rest and be refreshed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “any foreigner may rest and regain his strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1522	EXO	23	13	ldn8			1	Pay attention to	“Do” or “Obey”
1523	EXO	23	13	x5tf	figs-metonymy		1	mention the names of other gods	This represents praying to other gods. Alternate translation: “pray to other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1524	EXO	23	14	kp1j			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1525	EXO	23	15	bu7n	translate-hebrewmonths		1	Aviv	This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. See how you translated this in Exodus 13:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1526	EXO	23	15	tx1v	figs-doublenegatives		1	not appear before me empty-handed	Here understatement is used to emphasize that the Israelites must bring a suitable offering to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “come to me without a proper offering” or “always bring an offering to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1527	EXO	23	16	tnz1			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1528	EXO	23	16	z4k4			1	You must observe	“You must honor” or “You must celebrate”
1529	EXO	23	16	pnx4			1	Festival of Ingathering	This festival celebrated the final harvesting of all the crops for the year.
1530	EXO	23	17	t5xj	figs-explicit		1	All your males must appear before the Lord Yahweh	Here to “appear” means to gather for worship. Alternate translation: “All the men must gather to worship the Lord Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1531	EXO	23	18	rqs4			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1532	EXO	23	18	qgx1			1	fat from the sacrifices	The fat was burned as an offering to Yahweh and was never eaten.
1533	EXO	23	19	h3gs			1	the choicest firstfruits	“the best and first produce of the harvest”
1534	EXO	23	19	u7bk			1	You must not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk	This was a magical fertility practice among the Canaanites, which the Israelites were not permitted to participate in.
1535	EXO	23	20	e5sr			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1536	EXO	23	21	pm7x			1	Be attentive to him	“Listen to him”
1537	EXO	23	21	p5y3			1	Do not provoke him, for he will not pardon	“If you provoke him, he will not pardon”
1538	EXO	23	21	p4jv	figs-metonymy		1	My name is on him	Here “name” refers to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “He has my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1539	EXO	23	22	z1gn	figs-metonymy		1	If you indeed obey his voice	Here “voice” represents what the angel says. Alternate translation: “If you carefully obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1540	EXO	23	22	y9bm	figs-parallelism		1	an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversaries	These two phrases mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1541	EXO	23	23	ap6k			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1542	EXO	23	24	a1d5	figs-explicit		1	You must not…do as they do	The Israelites must not live as the people who worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You must not…live as the people who worship those gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1543	EXO	23	25	t3ir	figs-merism		1	he will bless your bread and water	This is a merism that means food and drink. Alternate translation: “he will bless your food and drink” or “he will bless you by giving you food and drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1544	EXO	23	25	ydl4	figs-123person		1	he will bless…I will remove	Yahweh switched between the first and third pronoun to refer to himself. Here both “he” and “I” refer to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1545	EXO	23	26	i9uj			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1546	EXO	23	26	q4gz	figs-doublenegatives		1	No woman will be barren or will miscarry her young in your land	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Every woman will be able to become pregnant and give birth to healthy babies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1547	EXO	23	26	i1r9			1	miscarry	to have a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly
1548	EXO	23	28	cg7i			1	hornets	a flying insect that can sting people and cause pain
1549	EXO	23	29	i9aq			1	or the land would become abandoned	“because no one would be living in the land”
1550	EXO	23	30	zyl3			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1551	EXO	23	33	d1fp	figs-metaphor		1	this will surely become a trap for you	This means worshiping other gods will lead the people of Israel to certain destruction as if they were an animal caught in a hunter’s trap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1552	EXO	24	intro	b83l			0		Exodus 24 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Moses’ covenant The people of Israel promise to obey the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. Their continued blessings were contingent upon their obedience to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) God’s holiness Because Yahweh is perfectly holy, he can only be approached in a certain way. Because of this, only Moses was allowed near Yahweh. This is also why Yahweh is described as a “devouring fire.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
1553	EXO	24	1	c97i	translate-names		1	Nadab…Abihu	These are men’s names. See how you translated these names in Exodus 6:23. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1554	EXO	24	1	nm3t	translate-numbers		1	seventy of Israel’s elders	“70 of Israel’s elders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1555	EXO	24	3	cg32	figs-idiom		1	with one voice	This is an idiom that means the people were in complete agreement. Alternate translation: “together” or “in agreement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1556	EXO	24	4	h7gg			1	foot of the mountain	“base of the mountain” or “bottom of the mountain”
1557	EXO	24	6	l5ia			1	Moses took half of the blood and put it into basins	Moses collected half of the blood in basins in order to splash it on the people in Exodus 24:8. This would confirm the people’s participation in the covenant between the people of Israel and God.
1558	EXO	24	6	f7dh			1	he sprinkled the other half onto the altar	Here the altar represents God. This would confirm God’s participation in the covenant between God and the people of Israel.
1559	EXO	24	7	axt9	figs-activepassive		1	We will be obedient	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “We will obey everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1560	EXO	24	8	h9ff	figs-explicit		1	Then Moses took the blood	This refers to the blood that Moses had put into the bowls. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Then Moses took the blood that was in the bowls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1561	EXO	24	9	uz7y	translate-names		1	Nadab…Abihu	These are men’s names. See how you translated these names in Exodus 6:23. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1562	EXO	24	10	ic4s	figs-personification		1	Under his feet	This speaks of God as if he had human feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1563	EXO	24	10	je5k			1	a pavement made of sapphire stone	“a pavement made of blue stones called sapphires”
1564	EXO	24	10	q8sn			1	pavement	a hard surface for walking or riding
1565	EXO	24	10	pm87	translate-unknown		1	sapphire stone	This is a gemstone that is blue in color. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1566	EXO	24	10	zd6u	figs-simile		1	as clear as the sky itself	This is a simile. Alternate translation: “as clear as the sky is when there are no clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1567	EXO	24	11	jds6	figs-metonymy		1	God did not lay a hand on the Israelite leaders	This means that God did not harm the leaders. Alternate translation: “God did not harm the Israelite leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1568	EXO	24	12	dx4f	figs-explicit		1	tablets of stone and the law and commandments	God had written the law and commandments on the tablets of stone. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “two stone slabs on which I have written all the laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1569	EXO	24	13	gv5e			1	with his assistant Joshua	“with Joshua who assisted him” or “with Joshua who helped him”
1570	EXO	24	14	qiy4			1	wait for us	“wait for Joshua and me”
1571	EXO	24	14	uc7r	translate-names		1	Hur	Hur was a man who was a friend of Moses and Aaron. See how you translated this name in Exodus 17:10. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1572	EXO	24	16	j2s5	figs-metonymy		1	Yahweh’s glory	This was the brilliant light of God’s presence. Alternate translation: “The brilliant light showing God’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1573	EXO	24	17	e4n6	figs-simile		1	like a devouring fire	This means the glory of Yahweh was very large and seemed to burn brightly like a fire. Alternate translation: “like a big fire burning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1574	EXO	24	17	k5lj	figs-metaphor		1	in the eyes of the Israelites	Their eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents their thoughts or judgment about they saw. Alternate translation: “to the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1575	EXO	24	18	h1wy	translate-numbers		1	forty days and forty nights	“40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1576	EXO	25	intro	t23a			0		Exodus 25 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The tent of meeting This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
1577	EXO	25	2	r5yr	figs-idiom		1	who is motivated by a willing heart	This is an idiom that indicates a person’s desire to give an offering. Alternate translation: “who wants to give an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1578	EXO	25	2	k78q	figs-you		1	You must receive	The word you refers to Moses and the leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1579	EXO	25	3	s2ls			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1580	EXO	25	4	c1qn			1	blue, purple, and scarlet material	Possible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen.
1581	EXO	25	4	c958			1	scarlet	bright red
1582	EXO	25	6	i6gp	translate-unknown		1	spices	dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1583	EXO	25	7	mg4f	translate-unknown		1	onyx	a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1584	EXO	25	7	aks5	figs-activepassive		1	precious stones to be set	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “precious stones for someone to set” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1585	EXO	25	7	c3hk			1	precious stones	“valuable gems” or “treasured gems”
1586	EXO	25	8	d3vm			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1587	EXO	25	9	w4sc			1	tabernacle	Here this word means the same thing as the word “sanctuary” in verse 8.
1588	EXO	25	9	c9qe	figs-you		1	You must make it	Here you is plural and refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1589	EXO	25	9	m1np	figs-you		1	show you in the plans	“show you in the design” or “show you in the pattern.” Here you is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1590	EXO	25	10	n7j1			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1591	EXO	25	10	cs23	translate-bdistance		1	two and a half cubits…one cubit and a half	A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.5 cubits…1.5 cubits” or “115 centimeters…almost 69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1592	EXO	25	12	e59p			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1593	EXO	25	12	wbq8			1	cast four rings of gold	Casting was a process in which gold was melted, poured into a mold that was in the shape of a ring, and then allowed to harden.
1594	EXO	25	14	f2kz			1	in order to carry the ark	“so that you can carry the ark”
1595	EXO	25	15	k67p			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1596	EXO	25	17	c675			1	atonement lid	This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made.
1597	EXO	25	17	ast8	translate-bdistance		1	two and a half cubits…a cubit and a half	A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.5 cubits…1.5 cubits” or “115 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1598	EXO	25	18	hfw6			1	hammered gold	“beaten gold”
1599	EXO	25	19	rgn8			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1600	EXO	25	19	j38e			1	atonement lid	This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in Exodus 25:17.
1601	EXO	25	19	b4l9	figs-activepassive		1	They must be made	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must make them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1602	EXO	25	21	lm1p	figs-you		1	You must put	Here you refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1603	EXO	25	22	hl6e			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to speak to Moses.
1604	EXO	25	22	zu9u	figs-you		1	It is at the ark that I will meet with you	“I will meet with you at the ark.” In 25:22 the word you is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1605	EXO	25	22	wq9w			1	atonement lid	This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in Exodus 25:17.
1606	EXO	25	23	b11v			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1607	EXO	25	23	t312	translate-bdistance		1	two cubits…one cubit…a cubit and a half	A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2 cubits…1 cubit…1.5 cubits” or “92 centimeters…46 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1608	EXO	25	25	b6j8			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1609	EXO	25	25	awi7			1	one handbreadth wide	a measurement of 7 to 8 centimeters
1610	EXO	25	25	bit8			1	frame for it	“frame for the table”
1611	EXO	25	26	y64j			1	feet were	“legs are”
1612	EXO	25	27	jdh4	figs-activepassive		1	The rings must be attached	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must attach the rings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1613	EXO	25	27	q5w8			1	in order to carry	“so you can carry”
1614	EXO	25	28	d7jz			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1615	EXO	25	28	l4fk	figs-activepassive		1	so that the table may be carried with them	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you may carry the table with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1616	EXO	25	29	v78d	figs-activepassive		1	to be used to pour out drink offerings	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you may use them to pour out drink offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1617	EXO	25	30	uth7			1	bread of the presence	This bread represented the presence of God.
1618	EXO	25	31	kc3q			1	hammered gold	“beaten gold.” See how you translated this in Exodus 25:18.
1619	EXO	25	31	g25l	figs-activepassive		1	The lampstand is to be made	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1620	EXO	25	31	fq45	figs-activepassive		1	Its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers are to be all made of one piece with it	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers all of one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1621	EXO	25	33	nag2			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand (Exodus 25:31-32).
1622	EXO	25	33	i7bh			1	almond blossoms	white or pink flowers that have five petals
1623	EXO	25	34	ji3x			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand (Exodus 25:31-32).
1624	EXO	25	35	lg8l			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand (Exodus 25:31-32).
1625	EXO	25	35	n5ed	figs-activepassive		1	made as one piece with it	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must make them as one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1626	EXO	25	36	z9wy			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand (Exodus 25:31-32).
1627	EXO	25	37	m2i7			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1628	EXO	25	37	dfn6			1	for them to give light from it	“so they shine light from it”
1629	EXO	25	38	l5w8	figs-activepassive		1	The tongs and their trays must be made of pure gold	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make the tongs and their trays of pure gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1630	EXO	25	39	ff5p	translate-bweight		1	one talent	A talent weighs about thirty-three kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1631	EXO	25	39	ff8n			1	its accessories	the tongs and the trays
1632	EXO	25	40	l7je	figs-activepassive		1	you are being shown on the mountain	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am showing you on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1633	EXO	26	intro	emw7			0		Exodus 26 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter. Special concepts in this chapter The tent of meeting This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
1634	EXO	26	1	hen6			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do (Exodus 25:1).
1635	EXO	26	1	ks8r	figs-you		1	You must make	Yahweh is speaking to Moses, so the word you is singular. Yahweh probably expected Moses to tell someone else to do the actual work, but Moses would be the one responsible for seeing that the work was done correctly. “Tell a craftsman to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1636	EXO	26	1	iww4			1	curtains	These were large, heavy sections of woven cloth that were used to form the covering and dividing walls of the tabernacle.
1637	EXO	26	1	xvs7			1	scarlet wool	wool dyed a deep red color
1638	EXO	26	1	n2vm			1	craftsman	a person who is skilled in making beautiful objects by hand
1639	EXO	26	2	dkr6	translate-bdistance		1	twenty-eight cubits…four cubits	“28 cubits…4 cubits.” A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1640	EXO	26	3	ba6w	figs-activepassive		1	Five curtains must be joined to each other…must also be joined to each other	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Sew five curtains together to make one set, and sew the other five curtains together to make another set” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1641	EXO	26	4	ghz8			1	one set	“one set of five curtains”
1642	EXO	26	4	zxx4			1	the second set	“the second set of five curtains”
1643	EXO	26	6	sns4			1	clasps	The clasps fit into the loops (verses 4 and 5) to hold the curtains together.
1644	EXO	26	7	k2mi			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1645	EXO	26	7	t7t3	translate-numbers		1	eleven	“11” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1646	EXO	26	8	p423	translate-numbers		1	thirty…four	“30…4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1647	EXO	26	8	v7i1	translate-bdistance		1	cubits	A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1648	EXO	26	10	j8yn			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1649	EXO	26	10	etf7			1	loops	See how you translated these in Exodus 26:4.
1650	EXO	26	11	cq36			1	clasps	The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated this in Exodus 26:6.
1651	EXO	26	12	x5p7			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1652	EXO	26	13	k4ci	translate-bdistance		1	cubit	A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1653	EXO	26	14	kii8			1	a covering of ram skins dyed red, and another covering of fine leather	See how you translated similar phrases in Exodus 25:5.
1654	EXO	26	14	yz3v			1	dyed red	“colored red”
1655	EXO	26	15	p38r			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1656	EXO	26	15	y85l			1	frames	This refers to frames or panels that they made by joining together smaller pieces of wood.
1657	EXO	26	16	k4b7	translate-numbers		1	ten cubits…one and a half cubits	“10 cubits…1.5 cubits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1658	EXO	26	19	s45x			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1659	EXO	26	19	c9id			1	silver bases	These were silver blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place.
1660	EXO	26	19	mm1h			1	pedestals	The silver bases kept the wooden board off the ground.
1661	EXO	26	19	lg39	figs-activepassive		1	There must be two bases	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Put two bases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1662	EXO	26	21	gag1	figs-explicit		1	and so on	This means that what was said about the first two boards should be done for the rest of the boards. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “and two bases for each of the rest of the boards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1663	EXO	26	22	nw4c			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1664	EXO	26	24	k1ec	figs-activepassive		1	These frames must be separate at the bottom, but joined at the top	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Separate these frames at the bottom, but join them at the top” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1665	EXO	26	25	p2wu			1	silver bases	These were silver blocks that had a slot in them to keep the frame in place. See how you translated this in Exodus 26:19.
1666	EXO	26	25	q8xh			1	in all	“total”
1667	EXO	26	25	yr6d	figs-explicit		1	and so on	This means that what was said about the first two frames should be done for the rest of the frames. See how you translated this in Exodus 26:21. Alternate translation: “and two bases for each of the rest of the frames” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1668	EXO	26	26	c95e			1	General Information:	Yahweh continue to tell Moses how the tabernacle was to be built.
1669	EXO	26	26	fc8p			1	crossbars	These are horizontal support beams that give stability to the structure.
1670	EXO	26	27	rn67			1	the back side of the tabernacle to the west	The front was on the east side of the tabernacle.
1671	EXO	26	29	x8ny			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses how the tabernacle must be constructed.
1672	EXO	26	29	ji1j			1	for them to serve as holders for the crossbars	“which will hold the crossbars” or “because they will hold the crossbars”
1673	EXO	26	29	nq3m			1	crossbars	These are horizontal support beams that give stability to the structure. See how you translated this in Exodus 26:26.
1674	EXO	26	30	csf9	figs-activepassive		1	you were shown on the mountain	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have shown you here on this mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1675	EXO	26	31	yqi6			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses how the tabernacle is to be constructed.
1676	EXO	26	31	uc7w	figs-you		1	You must make	Yahweh is speaking to Moses, so the word you is singular. Yahweh probably expected Moses to tell someone else to do the actual work, but Moses would be the one responsible for seeing that the work was done correctly. “Tell a craftsman to make.” See how you translated this in Exodus 26:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1677	EXO	26	33	p2yq			1	clasps	The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in Exodus 26:6.
1678	EXO	26	33	d3gm	figs-explicit		1	you must bring in the ark of the testimony	The ark of the testimony is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “you must bring in the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1679	EXO	26	33	jc47	figs-activepassive		1	The curtain is to separate the holy place	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The curtain will separate the holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1680	EXO	26	34	v7t1			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1681	EXO	26	34	mli8			1	atonement lid	This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in Exodus 25:17.
1682	EXO	26	34	b9m2			1	on the ark of the testimony	“on the chest that contains the commandments”
1683	EXO	26	35	lv9e	figs-explicit		1	The table must be on the north side	This is the table that holds the bread that represents the presence of God. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Place the table for the bread of God’s presence on the north side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1684	EXO	26	36	h3s1			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses how to construct the tabernacle.
1685	EXO	26	36	p5wf			1	a hanging	This was a large curtain made of cloth.
1686	EXO	26	36	rr16			1	blue, purple, and scarlet material	Possible meanings are (1) “yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple, and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated this in Exodus 25:4.
1687	EXO	26	36	f6td			1	fine twined linen	“finely twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread.
1688	EXO	26	36	r2fy			1	an embroiderer	“a person who sews designs into cloth” or “a person who embroiders”
1689	EXO	27	intro	x4f7			0		Exodus 27 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter. Special concepts in this chapter The tent of meeting This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
1690	EXO	27	1	hj65			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do (Exodus 25:1).
1691	EXO	27	1	qj4j	translate-bdistance		1	five cubits long and five cubits wide	“2.2 meters long on each side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1692	EXO	27	1	hbg9	translate-bdistance		1	The altar must be square and three cubits high	“The altar must be square and 1.3 meters high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1693	EXO	27	1	s8qy	translate-bdistance		1	cubits	A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1694	EXO	27	2	lr23			1	You must make extensions of its four corners shaped like ox horns	“You must make projections that look like ox horns on its four corners”
1695	EXO	27	2	lek3	figs-activepassive		1	The horns will be made	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must make the horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1696	EXO	27	2	y4r2			1	must cover them	“must cover the altar and horns”
1697	EXO	27	3	qn79			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1698	EXO	27	3	m4wm			1	basins	bowls
1699	EXO	27	3	z5ax			1	firepans	These were pans that held hot coals from the altar.
1700	EXO	27	3	j5zt			1	utensils	These were any instrument, vessel, or tool that served a useful purpose.
1701	EXO	27	4	fp9m			1	You must make a grate for the altar, a network of bronze	“You must make a bronze grate for the altar”
1702	EXO	27	4	hsq3			1	grate	a frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning
1703	EXO	27	5	v6n4			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people need to do.
1704	EXO	27	5	c5em	figs-explicit		1	You must put the grate under the ledge of the altar	The grate was placed inside the altar. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “You must put the grate under the rim of the altar, on the inside of the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1705	EXO	27	5	xc2t			1	grate	This is a frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated this in Exodus 27:4.
1706	EXO	27	6	wki4	figs-explicit		1	You must make poles for the altar	These poles were used for carrying the altar. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “You must make poles for carrying the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1707	EXO	27	7	fb3t			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people should do.
1708	EXO	27	7	b3yx	figs-activepassive		1	The poles must be put into the rings, and the poles must be on the two sides of the altar, to carry it	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must put the poles into the rings and place them on each side of the altar to carry it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1709	EXO	27	8	xj8e			1	planks	a long, flat piece of wood that is thicker than a board
1710	EXO	27	8	t5ey	figs-activepassive		1	you were shown on the mountain	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have shown to you here on this mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1711	EXO	27	9	y45x	figs-activepassive		1	There must be hangings…courtyard	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must place hangings…courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1712	EXO	27	9	id4k			1	hangings of fine twined linen	A “hanging” was a large curtain made of cloth. See how you translated this in Exodus 26:36
1713	EXO	27	9	v748			1	fine twined linen	“finely twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread
1714	EXO	27	9	ce9a	translate-bdistance		1	one hundred cubits	A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “44 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1715	EXO	27	10	sfg8	figs-activepassive		1	There must also be hooks…posts	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must also attach hooks…posts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1716	EXO	27	10	k7rb			1	posts	a strong piece of wood set upright and used as a support
1717	EXO	27	11	n95e			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1718	EXO	27	11	gjg5			1	there must be hangings one hundred cubits long	See how you translated many similar words in Exodus 27:9.
1719	EXO	27	11	x52h			1	there must be hangings	This could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “you must make hangings”
1720	EXO	27	11	nr77			1	with twenty posts, twenty bronze bases, hooks attached to the posts, and silver rods	See how you translated many similar words in Exodus 27:10.
1721	EXO	27	12	p4u4			1	there must be a curtain	This could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “you must make a curtain”
1722	EXO	27	12	elw4			1	There must be ten posts	This could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “You must make ten posts”
1723	EXO	27	13	w2sg			1	The courtyard must also be fifty cubits long	This could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “Make the courtyard fifty cubits long”
1724	EXO	27	14	mzn5			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1725	EXO	27	14	vy7r			1	The hangings	These were large curtains made of cloth. See how you translated this in Exodus 26:36.
1726	EXO	27	14	z8n2			1	posts	These were strong pieces of wood set upright and used as supports. See how you translated these in Exodus 27:10.
1727	EXO	27	14	gz7s			1	bases	These were metal blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. See how you translated this in Exodus 26:19.
1728	EXO	27	14	u8nm	translate-bdistance		1	fifteen cubits	about seven meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1729	EXO	27	16	wv46			1	The courtyard gate must be a curtain twenty cubits long	This could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “You must make a curtain twenty cubits long to be the courtyard gate”
1730	EXO	27	16	h4tw	figs-activepassive		1	The curtain must be made…fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They must make the curtain…fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer” or “Embroiderers must make the curtain…fine twined linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1731	EXO	27	16	kn9u			1	blue, purple, and scarlet material and fine twined linen	Possible meanings are (1) “yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple, and scarlet dye” to dye the linen.
1732	EXO	27	16	g5wi			1	an embroiderer	a person who sews designs into cloth
1733	EXO	27	17	wal2			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1734	EXO	27	18	wt7n	translate-bdistance		1	one hundred cubits	“100 cubits.” A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1735	EXO	27	18	j1zp			1	fine twined linen hangings	“finely twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in Exodus 26:36.
1736	EXO	27	19	w5n8	figs-activepassive		1	all the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard must be made of bronze	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “make all the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard out of bronze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1737	EXO	27	19	bs7c			1	tent pegs	sharp pieces of wood or metal used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground
1738	EXO	27	20	wn9n			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1739	EXO	27	21	ge7v			1	tent of meeting	This is another name for the tabernacle.
1740	EXO	27	21	p7ru			1	ark of testimony	This is the chest that contains the sacred slabs of stone on which Yahweh had written his commandments.
1741	EXO	27	21	vr7m			1	This requirement will be a lasting statute	“I require that the people do this as a lasting statute”
1742	EXO	28	intro	r3yx			0		Exodus 28 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Holy garments Because Yahweh is holy, only the priests could approach him, and when they did they must be wearing specially made clothing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
1743	EXO	28	1	bsm1			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do (Exodus 25:1).
1744	EXO	28	1	e1xb	figs-you		1	Call to yourself	Here “yourself” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1745	EXO	28	2	tv9h	figs-you		1	You must make	Here you refers to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1746	EXO	28	2	t5gy	figs-activepassive		1	garments that are set apart to me	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “garments that you will set apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1747	EXO	28	4	re79			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1748	EXO	28	4	tr5e			1	a coat of woven work	“a coat with a design woven into it”
1749	EXO	28	4	dz5h			1	turban	a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times.
1750	EXO	28	4	k184			1	sash	a piece of cloth that people wear around their waist or across their chest
1751	EXO	28	6	yu8u			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1752	EXO	28	6	u3rx			1	fine-twined linen	“finely-twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in Exodus 26:36.
1753	EXO	28	6	k3bj			1	skillful craftsman	a person who can make beautiful objects by hand
1754	EXO	28	8	w523	figs-activepassive		1	it must be made of one piece	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they must make it in one piece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1755	EXO	28	9	c4ia	translate-unknown		1	onyx stones	These are valuable stones that have layers of white and black, red or brown. See how you translated this in Exodus 25:7. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1756	EXO	28	10	at1b			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1757	EXO	28	11	dv8k			1	With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engraving on a signet	“In the same way a person engraves on a seal”
1758	EXO	28	11	x1xc			1	engraver	a person who cuts designs into a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal
1759	EXO	28	11	cm3f			1	signet	an engraved stone used to stamp a design into a wax seal
1760	EXO	28	11	gh2r			1	settings	pieces of metal that hold the stone onto the ephod
1761	EXO	28	13	hpc7			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1762	EXO	28	13	pi4x			1	settings	These are pieces of metal that hold each stone onto the ephod. See how you translated this in Exodus 28:11.
1763	EXO	28	14	e746			1	two braided chains of pure gold like cords	“two chains of pure gold that are braided like cords”
1764	EXO	28	15	ta6b			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1765	EXO	28	15	sf8e			1	the work of a skillful workman, fashioned like the ephod	“a skillful workman will make it like the ephod”
1766	EXO	28	16	cny4	translate-bdistance		1	span	A span is 22 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1767	EXO	28	17	spd4			1	General Information:	Twelve kinds of stone are listed here. Scholars are not sure which kinds of stones the Hebrew words refer to. Some translations list different stones.
1768	EXO	28	17	qp4t	translate-unknown		1	precious stones	“valuable gems” or “treasured gems.” See how you translated these in Exodus 25:7. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1769	EXO	28	17	n1ys	translate-unknown		1	ruby…topaz…garnet	These are precious stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1770	EXO	28	18	ga1v			1	emerald…diamond	These are precious stones.
1771	EXO	28	18	a5rr			1	sapphire	This is a gemstone that is blue in color. See how you translated this in Exodus 24:10.
1772	EXO	28	19	z17r			1	jacinth…agate…amethyst	These are precious stones
1773	EXO	28	20	ul2e	translate-unknown		1	beryl…jasper	These are precious stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1774	EXO	28	20	rgf6	translate-unknown		1	onyx	This is a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. See how you translated these in Exodus 25:7. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1775	EXO	28	20	pw5h	figs-activepassive		1	They must be mounted in gold settings	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must mount them in gold settings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1776	EXO	28	21	d6fa			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1777	EXO	28	21	x4qn	figs-activepassive		1	The stones must be arranged	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must arrange the stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1778	EXO	28	21	z8mw			1	signet ring	A signet is an engraved stone used to stamp a design into a wax seal. Here the stone is mounted on a ring. See how you translated “signet” in Exodus 28:11.
1779	EXO	28	22	m7yl			1	chains like cords, braided work of pure gold	“chains that are made of pure gold and are braided like cords.” See how you translated similar phrases in Exodus 28:14.
1780	EXO	28	25	cd3a			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1781	EXO	28	25	d8y3			1	braided chains	“chains braided like cords.” See how you translated this in Exodus 28:14.
1782	EXO	28	25	a4lc	figs-explicit		1	to the two settings	These are two settings that enclose the stones. This can be clearly stated in the translation. Alternate translation: “to the two settings that enclose the stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1783	EXO	28	27	e385			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1784	EXO	28	27	vw1w			1	finely-woven waistband	This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in Exodus 28:8.
1785	EXO	28	28	se56	figs-activepassive		1	so that it might be attached	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that they may attach it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1786	EXO	28	28	wf9v	figs-doublenegatives		1	the breastpiece might not become unattached from the ephod	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “the breastpiece would stay attached to the ephod” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1787	EXO	28	29	k21k			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1788	EXO	28	29	z1mz			1	he must carry the names of the people of Israel over his heart in the breastpiece	This refers to the names of the tribes engraved on the twelve stones the breastplate as described in Exodus 28:17-21.
1789	EXO	28	29	cc97			1	over his heart	“over Aaron’s heart” or “on his chest”
1790	EXO	28	30	f537			1	the Urim and the Thummim…the means for making decisions	The second phrase appears to refer to the Urim and Thummim and explain their purpose.
1791	EXO	28	30	dgn9	translate-unknown		1	the Urim and the Thummim	It not clear what these are. They were objects, possibly stones, that the priest used to determine somehow the will of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1792	EXO	28	31	jl1d			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1793	EXO	28	32	x42n			1	This must be the work of a weaver	This can be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “A weaver must make this robe”
1794	EXO	28	32	rw96			1	a weaver	“a person who weaves” or “a person who creates cloth using thread”
1795	EXO	28	33	v7gy			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people do.
1796	EXO	28	33	t9re	translate-unknown		1	pomegranates	A pomegranate is a round fruit with a red outer skin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1797	EXO	28	34	kl55			1	a golden bell and a pomegranate	This phrase is repeated to show the pattern of the design on the robe.
1798	EXO	28	35	de4m	figs-activepassive		1	The robe is to be on Aaron when he serves	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Aaron must wear the robe when he serves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1799	EXO	28	35	pf61	figs-activepassive		1	so that its sound can be heard	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that the bells make a sound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1800	EXO	28	35	qtf9	figs-explicit		1	This is so that he does not die	It is implied that he would die because he did not obey Yahweh. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “As a result, he will not die because of disobeying my instructions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1801	EXO	28	36	e8qp			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1802	EXO	28	36	nd2q			1	engrave on it, like the engraving on a signet	“write on it in the same way a person engraves on a seal.” See how you translated similar words in Exodus 28:11
1803	EXO	28	37	qka6			1	turban	This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in Exodus 28:4.
1804	EXO	28	38	ee65	figs-activepassive		1	It must be on Aaron’s forehead	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Aaron must wear it on his forehead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1805	EXO	28	38	u19w	figs-activepassive		1	The turban must be always on his forehead	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Aaron must always wear the turban on his forehead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1806	EXO	28	39	cp68			1	General Information:	God continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1807	EXO	28	39	t5vj			1	turban	This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in Exodus 28:4.
1808	EXO	28	39	yi1l			1	sash	A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that a person wears around his waist or across his chest. See how you translated this in Exodus 28:4.
1809	EXO	28	39	i62z			1	the work of an embroiderer	An embroiderer is a person who sews designs into cloth. See how you translated this in Exodus 26:36.
1810	EXO	28	40	sc7t			1	General Information:	God continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1811	EXO	28	40	pfs2			1	sashes	A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that a person wears around his waist or across his chest. See how you translated this in Exodus 28:4.
1812	EXO	28	40	v2tj			1	headbands	A headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes.
1813	EXO	28	41	xa75	figs-explicit		1	You must clothe Aaron your brother	Aaron was the older brother of Moses. You can state this clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “Put these clothes on your older brother Aaron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1814	EXO	28	42	vua7			1	General Information:	God continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1815	EXO	28	42	vz62			1	undergarments	These are underwear, clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin.
1816	EXO	28	43	s6n2			1	tent of meeting	This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in Exodus 27:21.
1817	EXO	28	43	r7y7			1	a permanent law	“a law the will not end”
1818	EXO	29	intro	xmd9			0		Exodus 29 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Consecrating priests This chapter records the process of consecrating priests. The priests were to be set apart from the rest of Israel because Yahweh is holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter “I will live among the Israelites” As God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. This phrase indicates that he permanently remains within Israel in a special way while they have the ark.
1819	EXO	29	1	d6gk			1	Now	The word “now” marks a change in topic from garments for priests to consecrating priests.
1820	EXO	29	1	z78h			1	you must do	Here you refers to Moses.
1821	EXO	29	1	ld5s			1	to set them apart	“to set apart Aaron and his sons”
1822	EXO	29	1	dq2c			1	serve me	Here “me” refers to Yahweh.
1823	EXO	29	1	cgl2			1	one young bull	a male cow
1824	EXO	29	2	ptm7	figs-activepassive		1	Also take wafers without yeast rubbed with oil	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Also take wafers without yeast and rub them with oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1825	EXO	29	2	r449			1	bread…cakes…wafers	These are different kinds of food made from flour.
1826	EXO	29	3	u713			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to speak to Moses
1827	EXO	29	3	gm58			1	You must put them	“You must put the bread, cake, and wafer”
1828	EXO	29	3	cd6m	figs-explicit		1	present them with the bull and the two rams	Here “present” means to offer as a sacrifice. The full meaning of this can be translated clearly. Alternate translation: “offer them to me when you sacrifice the bull and the two rams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1829	EXO	29	4	a6rz			1	tent of meeting	This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in Exodus 27:21.
1830	EXO	29	5	va8b			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1831	EXO	29	5	f7u7			1	coat	This was a coat with a design woven into it. See how you translated this in Exodus 28:4.
1832	EXO	29	5	pr4i			1	finely-woven waistband	This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in Exodus 28:8.
1833	EXO	29	6	ap2x			1	turban	This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in Exodus 28:4.
1834	EXO	29	6	y59s			1	holy crown	This crown is described in Exodus 29:6 as being engraved with the words “dedicated to Yahweh” and made of pure gold.
1835	EXO	29	8	s53c			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1836	EXO	29	8	v46k			1	bring his sons	“bring Aaron’s sons”
1837	EXO	29	8	jtc7			1	coats	These were coats with a design woven into them. See how you translated this in Exodus 28:4.
1838	EXO	29	9	j3a8			1	sashes	A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that people wear around their waist or across their chest. See how you translated this word in Exodus 28:4.
1839	EXO	29	9	bh2d			1	headbands	A headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes. See how you translated this in Exodus 28:40.
1840	EXO	29	9	r1x4			1	The work of the priesthood	“the duty of being priests”
1841	EXO	29	9	ze9l	figs-explicit		1	will belong to them	The duty of being priests will also belong to the descendants of Aaron’s sons. You can state this clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “will belong to them and their descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1842	EXO	29	9	p7m9			1	permanent law	“a law the will not end.” See how you translated this in Exodus 28:43.
1843	EXO	29	10	r782			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1844	EXO	29	10	p996			1	tent of meeting	This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in Exodus 27:21.
1845	EXO	29	11	bf2m			1	You must kill the bull	The bull offering was to be killed by Moses, not the priests, at the doorway, not inside the tent of meeting.
1846	EXO	29	11	y6kp	figs-explicit		1	kill the bull	Since the following verses will tell what to do with the blood from the bull, use a term for “kill” that will imply a method similar to “slitting its throat and catch the blood in a bowl.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1847	EXO	29	12	uxh3			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1848	EXO	29	12	c2ud			1	the horns	These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in Exodus 27:2.
1849	EXO	29	12	xdl5			1	the rest of the blood	“the remaining blood”
1850	EXO	29	13	x2c5			1	covers the inner parts	“covers the organs”
1851	EXO	29	13	nsg6			1	liver…kidneys	These are organs in the body.
1852	EXO	29	14	eza8			1	But as for the bull’s flesh, as well as its skin and dung	“But as for the remaining parts of the bull”
1853	EXO	29	16	hd8i			1	You must kill the ram	For these consecration sacrifices for the priests, it was Moses, not Aaron or his sons, who had to kill the animals.
1854	EXO	29	17	w2nb			1	the inner parts	“the organs.” See how you translated this in Exodus 29:13.
1855	EXO	29	18	s68x			1	on the altar	Unlike the bull offering that was burned outside of the tent, the ram was to be burned on the inner altar.
1856	EXO	29	19	x3iv			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1857	EXO	29	20	j6b1	figs-explicit		1	Then you must kill the ram	The ram was killed by cutting its throat. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “Then kill the ram by slitting its throat” or “Then kill the ram by cutting its throat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1858	EXO	29	21	saa8			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1859	EXO	29	21	w1aa	figs-activepassive		1	Aaron will then be set apart for me	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “By doing this, you will dedicate Aaron to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1860	EXO	29	22	gj68			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1861	EXO	29	22	i3dc			1	inner parts…liver…kidney	These refer to organs inside the body. See how you translated this in Exodus 29:13.
1862	EXO	29	23	td8w			1	Take one loaf…before Yahweh	For 29:23 see how you translated similar words in Exodus 29:2.
1863	EXO	29	23	i7vx			1	that is before Yahweh	“that you have placed before Yahweh”
1864	EXO	29	24	wv9l			1	General Information:	God continues speaking to Moses.
1865	EXO	29	24	b9bj			1	You must put these	Here “these” refers to the parts of the sacrifice mentioned in the previous verses.
1866	EXO	29	25	wz3a	figs-activepassive		1	it will be an offering made to me by fire	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “burn it as an offering to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1867	EXO	29	26	acx5			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1868	EXO	29	26	bf71			1	ram of dedication	“ram that you dedicated” or “ram that you killed”
1869	EXO	29	26	c21f			1	Aaron’s ram of dedication	“the ram that you used to dedicate Aaron”
1870	EXO	29	28	uc2d			1	This will be a perpetual share for Aaron and his sons	“This is what Aaron and his sons will always receive from the people”
1871	EXO	29	29	la34			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1872	EXO	29	29	qru8	figs-activepassive		1	The holy garments of Aaron must also be reserved for his sons after him	These garments belong to the priesthood and are not just Aaron’s personal clothing. Alternate translation: “Aaron must reserve the holy garments for his sons after him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1873	EXO	29	29	i5vz	figs-activepassive		1	They are to be anointed in them and ordained to me in them	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They must wear the holy garments when you anoint his sons and ordain them to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1874	EXO	29	30	pe79			1	tent of meeting	This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in Exodus 27:21.
1875	EXO	29	31	npz1			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1876	EXO	29	31	l3xk			1	the ram for the installation of the priests	“the ram you killed when you installed the priests”
1877	EXO	29	31	u9kl	figs-explicit		1	in a holy place	This is not the same as the holy place outside of the most holy place. This refers to a place within the courtyard. Alternate translation: “at the entrance to the tent of meeting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1878	EXO	29	32	dp8h			1	tent of meeting	This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in Exodus 27:21.
1879	EXO	29	33	qk8i	figs-activepassive		1	that were given	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that you sacrificed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1880	EXO	29	34	rhp7	figs-activepassive		1	It must not be eaten	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one must eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1881	EXO	29	34	lhi8	figs-activepassive		1	because it has been set apart to me	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because you have set it apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1882	EXO	29	35	c2si			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1883	EXO	29	35	g9pm			1	In this way, by following all that I have commanded you to do, you must treat Aaron and his sons	“I have commanded you to treat Aaron and his sons this way”
1884	EXO	29	37	pq5d			1	Then the altar will be completely set apart to me	“Then the altar will be most holy”
1885	EXO	29	37	qk5h			1	will be set apart to Yahweh	“will also be very holy”
1886	EXO	29	38	e4r9			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1887	EXO	29	38	sli9			1	You must regularly offer on the altar every day	“You must daily offer on the altar”
1888	EXO	29	40	rt1f			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1889	EXO	29	40	x6i4	translate-fraction		1	a tenth…the fourth part	“1/10…1/4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1890	EXO	29	40	bwg1	translate-bvolume		1	ephah	An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
1891	EXO	29	40	vt6f	translate-bvolume		1	hin	A hin is 3.7 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
1892	EXO	29	41	t1tt			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1893	EXO	29	41	hgt9	figs-activepassive		1	it will be an offering made to me by fire	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will be a burnt offering to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1894	EXO	29	42	j8cg			1	throughout your generations	“through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in Exodus 12:14.
1895	EXO	29	42	h5r7			1	tent of meeting	This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in Exodus 27:21.
1896	EXO	29	43	f1t6			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1897	EXO	29	43	ic8i	figs-activepassive		1	the tent will be set apart for me by my glory	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My awesome presence will dedicate the tent to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1898	EXO	29	45	zcs1			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1899	EXO	30	intro	z3yc			0		Exodus 30 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Atonement The atonement offered by the priests was very important in the religious life of Israel. In order to offer sacrifices, the priests had to maintain ritual cleanliness by washing themselves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
1900	EXO	30	1	r1f4			1	General Information:	Yahweh tells Moses how to build the worship equipment.
1901	EXO	30	1	v8vb	figs-you		1	You must make	Here you refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1902	EXO	30	2	w56e	figs-activepassive		1	Its horns must be made	These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated “horns” in Exodus 27:2. Alternate translation: “You must make its horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1903	EXO	30	3	d3uu			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1904	EXO	30	3	ddb2			1	the incense altar	“an altar to burn incense”
1905	EXO	30	4	qyg4	figs-activepassive		1	to be attached to it	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which you will attach to the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1906	EXO	30	5	r61h			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1907	EXO	30	6	h33c	figs-explicit		1	ark of the testimony	The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in Exodus 26:33. Alternate translation: “the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1908	EXO	30	6	e52i			1	atonement lid	This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in Exodus 25:17.
1909	EXO	30	6	vg6k	figs-you		1	where I will meet with you	Here you refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1910	EXO	30	7	l2rl			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1911	EXO	30	8	qm7i			1	throughout your generations	“through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in Exodus 12:14.
1912	EXO	30	9	ckf9			1	But you must offer	Though the word you is addressed to Moses, the instruction is given specifically to Aaron and his descendants as to when and what they are to offer on the altar of incense.
1913	EXO	30	10	ez2s			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1914	EXO	30	10	k6xk			1	horns	These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in Exodus 27:2.
1915	EXO	30	10	san2			1	throughout your generations	“through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in Exodus 12:14.
1916	EXO	30	12	s73c	figs-you		1	When you take	Possible meanings are (1) you refers to just Moses or (2) you refers to Moses and the leaders of Israel in future generations when they take a census. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1917	EXO	30	12	k5p1			1	a census of the Israelites	The leaders only counted the Israelite men.
1918	EXO	30	13	s69s	figs-activepassive		1	Everyone who is counted	This can be stated in active form. They counted only the men. Alternate translation: “Everyone you count” or “Every man you count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1919	EXO	30	13	i4wk	translate-bmoney		1	half a shekel of silver	“1/2 a shekel of silver.” Translators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: “5.5 grams of silver” or “six grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1920	EXO	30	13	nfp6			1	according to the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary	There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used.
1921	EXO	30	13	id6d	translate-unknown		1	twenty gerahs	“20 gerahs.” A gerah is a unit that people used for measuring how much something very small weighed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1922	EXO	30	14	k4h9	figs-metaphor		1	from twenty years old and up	Larger numbers are spoken of as being up or above smaller numbers. Alternate translation: “from twenty years old and more” or “who is twenty years old or older” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1923	EXO	30	15	r7fd			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1924	EXO	30	15	rll6			1	the people	Only the men made this offering.
1925	EXO	30	15	e8xa	translate-bmoney		1	the half shekel	Translators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: “the 5.5 grams of silver” or “the 6 grams of silver.” See how you translated this in Exodus 3:13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1926	EXO	30	16	z6tn			1	It must be a reminder to the Israelites before me, to make atonement for your lives	Possible meanings are (1) “It will remind the Israelites to make atonement for their lives” or (2) “It will remind the Israelites that they have made atonement for their lives.”
1927	EXO	30	18	ye18	figs-you		1	You must also make	Here you refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1928	EXO	30	18	v88y			1	bronze basin	“bronze bowl” or “bronze tub”
1929	EXO	30	18	bh82			1	a bronze stand	This is what the basin would be put on.
1930	EXO	30	18	iq8n			1	a basin for washing	This phrase explains what the priests were to use the large bronze basin for.
1931	EXO	30	18	m5li			1	the altar	the altar of sacrifice
1932	EXO	30	19	jq26			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1933	EXO	30	19	ivb1			1	water in it	“water in the basin”
1934	EXO	30	21	hp35			1	for Aaron and his descendants throughout their people’s generations	“for Aaron and all the generations of his descendants.” See how you translated a similar phrase in Exodus 12:14.
1935	EXO	30	22	p8n6			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1936	EXO	30	23	m9g7	translate-unknown		1	spices	dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor. See how you translated this in Exodus 25:6. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1937	EXO	30	23	zq43	translate-numbers		1	five hundred shekels…250 shekels	“500 shekels…two hundred and fifty shekels.” A shekel is about 11 grams. Translators may use units that people know and round numbers: “5.7 kilograms…11.4 kilograms” or “six kilograms…three kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1938	EXO	30	23	xga2	translate-unknown		1	cinnamon…cane	These are sweet spices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1939	EXO	30	24	p9jh	translate-unknown		1	cassia	This is a sweet spice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1940	EXO	30	24	n38f	translate-bweight		1	the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary	There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. See how you translated this in Exodus 30:13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1941	EXO	30	24	dv89	translate-bvolume		1	one hin	Translators may use units that people know and round numbers: “3.7 liters” or “four liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1942	EXO	30	25	juf3			1	with these ingredients	“with these items”
1943	EXO	30	25	k3s5			1	the work of a perfumer	Possible meanings are (1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it.
1944	EXO	30	25	yv9l			1	a perfumer	a person who is skilled in mixing spices and oils
1945	EXO	30	26	f7k5			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1946	EXO	30	26	u241	figs-you		1	You must anoint	Here you refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1947	EXO	30	26	d4id	figs-explicit		1	ark of the testimony	The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in Exodus 26:33. Alternate translation: “the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1948	EXO	30	28	v5mk			1	the altar for burnt offerings	“the altar on which offering were burnt”
1949	EXO	30	29	a9hr			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1950	EXO	30	29	np7g			1	set them apart	This refers to the items listed in Exodus 30:26-28.
1951	EXO	30	31	k4s7			1	throughout your people’s generations	“all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in Exodus 12:14.
1952	EXO	30	32	w4dt			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what Moses must tell the people.
1953	EXO	30	32	rlk4	figs-activepassive		1	It must not be applied to people’s skin	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not put the anointing oil that is dedicated to Yahweh on a person’s skin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1954	EXO	30	32	v3br			1	with the same formula	“with the same ingredients” or “with the same items”
1955	EXO	30	33	pa53	figs-metaphor		1	that person must be cut off from his people	The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” (2) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1956	EXO	30	34	r3j2			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what to do. Yahweh gives the commands only to Moses: all instances of you are singular. However, the words “blended by a perfumer” might mean that Moses could have the perfumer take the spices, blend them, grind them, and give them to Moses so Moses could put part of the mixture in front of the ark, as in UST.
1957	EXO	30	35	as9y	figs-activepassive		1	Make it into the form of incense, blended by a perfumer	The phrase with “blended” can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make it into the form of incense that a perfumer has blended” or “A perfumer must blend it into a kind of incense” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1958	EXO	30	35	y8yj			1	blended by a perfumer	Possible meanings are (1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it. See how you translated these words in Exodus 30:25.
1959	EXO	30	36	nz2a	figs-you		1	You will grind it	“You will crush it.” Here you refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1960	EXO	30	36	t8y9	figs-you		1	You will regard	Here you is plural and refers to Moses and all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1961	EXO	30	37	z4p5			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1962	EXO	30	37	dq6c			1	you must not make any	The word you here refers to the people of Israel.
1963	EXO	30	37	yv1y			1	with the same formula	“with the same ingredients” or “with the same items.” See how you translated this in Exodus 30:32.
1964	EXO	30	37	wh25			1	It must be most holy to you	“You must consider it to be most holy”
1965	EXO	30	38	xn6v			1	perfume	This is a pleasant smelling liquid a person puts on his or her body.
1966	EXO	30	38	sa1m	figs-metaphor		1	must be cut off from his people	The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” (2) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” See how you translated this in Exodus 30:33. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1967	EXO	31	intro	wfk7			0		Exodus 31 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is the end of Exodus’ recording of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) Special concepts in this chapter Sabbath As described in this chapter, the Sabbath is more than just a day of worship or celebration. Its significance extends beyond a way to help people rest. It is a major part of the identity of the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])
1968	EXO	31	2	m8ju	figs-metonymy		1	I have called by name	God speaks of choosing specific people as calling them by name. Alternate translation: “I have chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1969	EXO	31	2	hf5r	translate-names		1	Bezalel…Uri…Hur	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1970	EXO	31	3	ayb9			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1971	EXO	31	3	f7sk	figs-metaphor		1	I have filled Bezalel with my Spirit	Yahweh speaks of giving Bezalel his Spirit as if Bezalel were a container and God’s Spirit were a liquid. Alternate translation: “I have given my Spirit to Bezalel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1972	EXO	31	3	r6i5	figs-abstractnouns		1	for all kinds of craftsmanship	The abstract noun “craftsmanship” can be translated as “making crafts” or “making things.” Alternate translation: “for making all kinds of crafts” or “so that he can make all kinds of things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1973	EXO	31	6	qk4r			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1974	EXO	31	6	jh61	translate-names		1	Oholiab…Ahisamak	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1975	EXO	31	6	wcq7			1	I have put skill into the hearts of all who are wise	God speaks of making people able to make things as if he were putting the ability into their hearts. Alternate translation: “I have given skill to all who are wise” or “I have made all who are wise able to make things well”
1976	EXO	31	7	jc78			1	tent of meeting	This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in Exodus 27:21.
1977	EXO	31	7	m58b	figs-explicit		1	ark of the testimony	The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in Exodus 26:33. Alternate translation: “the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1978	EXO	31	7	z5s4			1	atonement lid	This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in Exodus 25:17.
1979	EXO	31	8	h84n			1	incense altar	“altar to burn incense.” See how you translated this in Exodus 30:3.
1980	EXO	31	9	cvl7			1	altar for burnt offerings	“altar on which offering were burnt.” See how you translated this in Exodus 30:28.
1981	EXO	31	10	hn88			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1982	EXO	31	11	z1u2			1	These craftsmen	“These people who are skilled in making beautiful things”
1983	EXO	31	13	i1lw	figs-metaphor		1	You must certainly keep Yahweh’s Sabbath days	God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “You must certainly obey Yahweh’s instructions about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1984	EXO	31	13	gw13			1	throughout your people’s generations	“through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in Exodus 12:14.
1985	EXO	31	13	h75a	figs-metaphor		1	who sets you apart for himself	God speaks of choosing people to be his as setting them apart for himself. Alternate translation: “who has chosen you to be his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1986	EXO	31	14	g83p	figs-activepassive		1	for it must be treated by you as holy	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for you must treat it as holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1987	EXO	31	14	mv4l	figs-metaphor		1	Everyone who defiles it	God speaks of treating the Sabbath with disrespect as defiling it. Alternate translation: “Everyone who treats the Sabbath with disrespect” or “Everyone who does not obey the laws about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1988	EXO	31	14	plq5	figs-activepassive		1	must surely be put to death	“must surely be killed.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely kill” or “you must surely execute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1989	EXO	31	14	fz1g	figs-metaphor		1	must surely be cut off from his people	The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “Yahweh will no longer consider him to be one of his people” (2) “you must surely send him away” or (3) “you must surely kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1990	EXO	31	15	v4dv	translate-numbers		1	but the seventh day	“but day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1991	EXO	31	16	iv7a			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what he must tell the people of Israel.
1992	EXO	31	16	t9hw	figs-metaphor		1	must keep the Sabbath	God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “must obey Yahweh’s instructions about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1993	EXO	31	16	n7q2			1	They must observe it throughout their people’s generations	“They and all the generations of their descendants must observe it.” See how you translated “throughout their people’s generations” in Exodus 12:42.
1994	EXO	31	16	yef8			1	lasting covenant	“a covenant that will always exist.” See how you translated this in Exodus 28:43.
1995	EXO	31	18	xc6h	figs-activepassive		1	written on by his own hand	This can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: “which Yahweh wrote on with his own hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1996	EXO	32	intro	vv2w			0		Exodus 32 General Notes Structure and formatting The events of this chapter occur while Moses spoke with God and therefore happen at the same time as the events in chapters 20-31. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 32:18. Special concepts in this chapter Idolatry The making of the golden calf was considered a form of idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1997	EXO	32	1	cfk8	figs-metaphor		1	the people saw	Here understanding something is spoken of as if it were being seen. Alternate translation: “the people realized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1998	EXO	32	1	k2i1			1	Come, make us an idol	The word “come” strengthens the force of the command following it. The people were demanding that Aaron make an idol for them.
1999	EXO	32	1	mrb5			1	go before us	“lead us” or “be our leader”
2000	EXO	32	2	p86s			1	bring them to me	The word “them” refers to the golden rings.
2001	EXO	32	3	ckg2			1	All the people	This refers to all the people who rejected Moses as their leader and Moses’ God as their God.
2002	EXO	32	4	uf9e			1	fashioned it with an engraving tool and he made a cast idol in the shape of a calf	Aaron melted the gold and poured it into a mold that had the shape of a calf. When the gold became hard, he removed the mold, and the hardened gold had the shape of a calf.
2003	EXO	32	5	ztx4	figs-explicit		1	When Aaron saw this	You may need to make explicit what he saw. “When Aaron saw what the people did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2004	EXO	32	6	as6u			1	to carouse in wild celebration	“to have a wild party.” The people likely behaved in sexually immoral ways at the party.
2005	EXO	32	8	eua5	figs-metaphor		1	left the way that I commanded them	Here God speaks of the people disobeying what he commanded them as if he had told them to walk on a certain road and they left that road. Alternate translation: “stopped doing what I commanded them to do” or “have stopped obeying what I commanded them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2006	EXO	32	9	bh7c	figs-metaphor		1	I have seen this people	Here Yahweh compares knowing the people to seeing them. Alternate translation: “I know this people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2007	EXO	32	9	ffe2	figs-metaphor		1	a stiff-necked people	Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had stiff necks. Alternate translation: “a stubborn people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2008	EXO	32	10	fmk3			1	Now then	The word “now” is used here to mark a break in what Yahweh was telling Moses. Here Yahweh tells what he will do to the people.
2009	EXO	32	10	sd9w	figs-metaphor		1	My anger will burn hot against them	Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could burn hot. Alternate translation: “My anger towards them will be terrible” or “I am extremely angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2010	EXO	32	10	vc2u	figs-you		1	from you	The word you refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2011	EXO	32	11	h62e	figs-metaphor		1	why does your anger burn against your people…a mighty hand?	Moses used this question to try to persuade Yahweh not to be so angry with his people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not let your anger burn against your people…a mighty hand.” or “Do not be so angry with your people…a mighty hand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2012	EXO	32	11	t2cv	figs-doublet		1	great power…mighty hand	These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2013	EXO	32	11	ph43	figs-metonymy		1	a mighty hand	Here the word “hand” refers to the things Yahweh did. Alternate translation: “and the powerful things you did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2014	EXO	32	12	k26p			1	General Information:	Moses continues to reason with God not to destroy Israel.
2015	EXO	32	12	r8ij	figs-rquestion		1	Why should the Egyptians say, ‘He led them out…to destroy them from the face of the earth?’	Moses used this question to try to persuade God not to destroy his people. This rhetorical question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: If you destroy your people, the Egyptians might say, ‘He led them out…to destroy them from the face of the earth.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2016	EXO	32	12	kzh7			1	face of the earth	“from the surface of the earth” or “from the earth”
2017	EXO	32	12	fns1			1	Turn from your burning anger	“Stop your burning anger” or “Stop being so angry”
2018	EXO	32	12	p1df	figs-metaphor		1	your burning anger	Moses speaks of God’s anger as if it were a fire that was burning. Alternate translation: “your terrible anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2019	EXO	32	13	t9sa			1	Call to mind Abraham	“Remember Abraham” or “Think about Abraham”
2020	EXO	32	13	p8jq			1	you swore	“you made an oath” or “you solemnly promised”
2021	EXO	32	13	q1g1	figs-metaphor		1	They will inherit it forever	God speaks about them possessing the land as if they would inherit it. Alternate translation: “They will possess it forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2022	EXO	32	15	cx7z			1	tablets of the covenant decrees	These are the two stone slabs on which God had engraved his commandments.
2023	EXO	32	16	w3ua	figs-parallelism		1	The tablets were God’s own work, and the writing was God’s own writing	These two phrases share similar meanings. The second explains how the tablets were “God’s own work.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2024	EXO	32	17	cua3	figs-explicit		1	he said to Moses	It is assumed that Joshua met Moses while Moses was going back to the camp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2025	EXO	32	19	hr2j			1	the tablets	“the two stone slabs that Yahweh had written on”
2026	EXO	32	21	du5l	figs-quotations		1	Then Moses said to Aaron, “What did this people…a great sin on them?”	This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Then Moses asked Aaron what the people do to him, that he have brought such a great sin on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2027	EXO	32	21	np73	figs-metaphor		1	you have brought such a great sin on them	Moses spoke of causing people to sin as if sin were an object and Aaron put it on them. Alternate translation: “you have caused them to sin so terribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2028	EXO	32	22	z2ch	figs-metaphor		1	Do not let your anger burn hot	Aaron spoke of Moses’ anger as if it were a fire that could burn. “Do not be so angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2029	EXO	32	22	vdy2	figs-metaphor		1	they are set on doing evil	Being determined to do evil is spoken of as being set on evil. Alternate translation: “they are determined to do what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2030	EXO	32	23	zn68			1	this Moses	People showed disrespect by putting the word “this” before his name, as if Moses were someone they did not know and could not trust.
2031	EXO	32	24	yq7s	figs-quotations		1	So I said to them, ‘Whoever has any gold, let him take it off.’	This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “So I told them that whoever had any gold should take it off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2032	EXO	32	24	b3l5			1	I threw it into the fire, and out came this calf	Instead of taking ownership for making the calf, Aaron claims the calf came out of the fire supernaturally.
2033	EXO	32	25	ck1f			1	were running wild	“were behaving wildly” or “were not controlling themselves”
2034	EXO	32	26	jis7	figs-quotations		1	Then Moses stood at the entrance…“Whoever is on Yahweh’s side, come to me.”	This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Then Moses stood at the entrance to the camp and said that whoever was on Yahweh’s side should come to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2035	EXO	32	26	ryb5	figs-metaphor		1	Whoever is on Yahweh’s side	Moses speaks of being loyal to Yahweh as being on Yahweh’s side. Alternate translation: “Whoever is loyal to Yahweh” or “Whoever serves Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2036	EXO	32	27	xsl3			1	go back and forth from entrance to entrance	“go from side of the camp to the other, starting at one entrance to the camp and going to the entrance on the other side of the camp”
2037	EXO	32	28	at4i	translate-numbers		1	three thousand of the people	“3000 of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2038	EXO	32	29	jzp1			1	You have been placed into Yahweh’s service	This probably means “You have been chosen to serve Yahweh” or “You have become Yahweh’s servants.”
2039	EXO	32	29	c6fg	figs-explicit		1	for each of you has taken action against his son and his brother	The fact that they did this in obedience to God can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “for you have obeyed Yahweh and killed your sons and your brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2040	EXO	32	30	r5fn			1	You have committed a very great sin	They worshiped an idol.
2041	EXO	32	30	yi3e	figs-metaphor		1	Perhaps I can make atonement for your sin	Moses spoke of persuading God to forgive the people as if he could make atonement for their sin. Alternate translation: “Perhaps I can persuade Yahweh to forgive you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2042	EXO	32	32	c72y	figs-metonymy		1	blot me out of the book	The word “me” here refers to the name of Moses. Alternate translation: “erase my name from the book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2043	EXO	32	32	ahb3	figs-explicit		1	the book that you have written	What God had written in the book can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the book in which you have written the names of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2044	EXO	32	33	igb4	figs-metonymy		1	that person I will blot out of my book	The phrase “that person” represents “that person’s name.” Alternate translation: “I will erase that person’s name from my book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2045	EXO	32	33	qwk9			1	my book	This refers to the book of Yahweh that Moses spoke of in Exodus 32:32.
2046	EXO	32	34	xn8p			1	But on the day that I punish them, I will punish them	On the day that God decides to punish them, it will be clear that it is God who is judging them.
2047	EXO	32	35	ddg6			1	Yahweh sent a plague on the people	This plague may have been a serious illness. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made the people very sick”
2048	EXO	32	35	wv1v			1	they had made the calf, the one that Aaron made	Even though Aaron made the calf, the people were also guilty because they told Aaron to do it. Alternate translation: “they told Aaron to make the calf”
2049	EXO	33	intro	g5k3			0		Exodus 33 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Covenant While the covenants Yahweh made may not be conditioned upon the obedience of Israel, it is clear that their conquering of the Promised Land was conditioned on their obedience to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
2050	EXO	33	1	p8xp			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses of his anger.
2051	EXO	33	3	yyt4	figs-metonymy		1	that land, which is flowing with milk and honey	The land was good for raising livestock and growing crops. See how you translated this in Exodus 3:8. Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2052	EXO	33	3	y347			1	flowing with	“full of” or “with an abundance of”
2053	EXO	33	3	ck4m	figs-metonymy		1	milk	Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. Alternate translation: “food from livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2054	EXO	33	3	a4ct	figs-metonymy		1	honey	Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2055	EXO	33	3	ah5t			1	a stubborn people	“people who refuse to change”
2056	EXO	33	4	cf7g			1	jewelry	beautiful clothing as well as chains and rings with jewels in them
2057	EXO	33	5	rzr5			1	a stubborn people	“people who refuse to change.” See how you translated this in Exodus 33:3.
2058	EXO	33	9	yt4f	figs-metaphor		1	the pillar of cloud	The cloud had the shape of a pillar. See how you translated this in Exodus 13:22. Alternate translation: “the cloud shaped like a pillar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2059	EXO	33	9	vam7	figs-explicit		1	would come down	Where it came down from can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “would come down from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2060	EXO	33	11	zrb8	figs-metaphor		1	Yahweh would speak to Moses face to face	Speaking directly rather than through dreams and visions, is spoken of as if Moses and God saw each other’s faces while they spoke. Alternate translation: “Yahweh would speak directly to Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2061	EXO	33	11	ika8			1	young man	Joshua was old enough to be a soldier, but he was much younger than Moses
2062	EXO	33	12	unz8			1	See	“Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
2063	EXO	33	12	w7fs	figs-idiom		1	I know you by name	To know someone by name is to know them well. Alternate translation: “I know you well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2064	EXO	33	12	a7jr	figs-idiom		1	you have also found favor in my eyes	Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing God’s evaluation. Alternate translation: “I have evaluated you and approve” or “I am pleased with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2065	EXO	33	13	e6vv	figs-idiom		1	Now if I have found favor in your eyes	Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing God’s evaluation. Alternate translation: “Now If you are pleased with me” or “Now if you approve of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2066	EXO	33	13	zi7j			1	show me your ways	Possible meanings: (1) “show me what you are going to do in the future” or (2) “show me how people can do what pleases you.”
2067	EXO	33	14	gh8q	figs-metonymy		1	My own presence will go	God’s presence represents himself. Alternate translation: “I will go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2068	EXO	33	14	hl15	figs-you		1	go with you…give you	The word you here refers to Moses. It is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2069	EXO	33	14	hc5n			1	I will give you rest	“I will let you rest”
2070	EXO	33	16	d36k			1	For otherwise	“For if your presence does not go with us”
2071	EXO	33	16	tu8e	figs-activepassive		1	how will it be known	This can be expressed with an active form. Alternate translation: how will people know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2072	EXO	33	16	cgl8	figs-rquestion		1	how will it be known…people?	Moses used this question in order to emphasize that if God does not go with them, no one will know that Moses had found favor in God’s sight. Alternate translation: “no one will know…people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2073	EXO	33	16	u82a			1	Will it not only be if	“Will it not only be known if”
2074	EXO	33	17	aln2	figs-you		1	General Information:	When Yahweh uses the word you in this verse, it is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2075	EXO	33	17	ln7y	figs-idiom		1	you have found favor in my eyes	Here “found favor” is an idiom that means that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. See how you translated this in Exodus 33:12. Alternate translation: “I am pleased with you” or “I approve of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2076	EXO	33	17	u2nv	figs-idiom		1	I know you by name	To know someone by name is to know them well. See how you translated this in Exodus 33:12. Alternate translation: “I know you well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2077	EXO	33	19	sx1a	figs-metonymy		1	I will make all my goodness pass before you	God speaks of walking past Moses so that Moses can see his goodness as if only his goodness would go past Moses. Alternate translation: “I will move past you so that you may see my goodness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2078	EXO	33	21	s4iy			1	See	“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
2079	EXO	33	23	fmu8			1	you will see my back	This is because Yahweh will be walking away from Moses.
2080	EXO	33	23	gw1n	figs-activepassive		1	but my face will not be seen	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “but you will not see my face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2081	EXO	34	intro	smp6			0		Exodus 34 General Notes Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter “He will bring the punishment for the fathers’ sin on their children” This phrase does not mean that a child is necessarily punished for the sins of their parents. Many scholars believe that this passage indicates that a parent’s sins will have consequences that will affect their children and grandchildren. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
2082	EXO	34	1	s1kv			1	tablets of stone	“flat slabs of stone.” See how you translated this in Exodus 31:18
2083	EXO	34	3	fk8z			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
2084	EXO	34	3	ck6d	figs-metonymy		1	Do not let anyone else be seen anywhere on the mountain	Being seen doing something represents doing that. Alternate translation: “Do not let anyone else be anywhere on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2085	EXO	34	3	x3rx			1	No flocks or herds are even to graze in front of the mountain	“Even flocks or herds are not allowed to come near the mountain to eat.”
2086	EXO	34	5	sp7f			1	stood with Moses there	“stood with Moses on the mountain”
2087	EXO	34	5	r9ey	figs-metonymy		1	he pronounced the name “Yahweh.”	Possible meanings are (1) “he spoke the name ‘Yahweh.’” or (2) “he proclaimed who Yahweh is.” For the second meaning, “name” would represent who God is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2088	EXO	34	6	fz1q	figs-123person		1	Yahweh, Yahweh, God is merciful and gracious	God is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am God, and I am merciful and gracious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2089	EXO	34	6	e1k3			1	abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness	“always showing covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness”
2090	EXO	34	6	j7we	figs-abstractnouns		1	abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “always being faithful to my covenant and always being trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2091	EXO	34	7	lt2j	figs-abstractnouns		1	keeping covenant faithfulness for thousands of generations	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithfully” or “faithful.” See how you translated a similar phrase in Exodus 20:6. Alternate translation: “faithfully loving thousands of generations” or “faithful to his covenant with thousands of generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2092	EXO	34	7	q7z8	figs-123person		1	But he will	Yahweh is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “But I will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2093	EXO	34	7	x397	figs-123person		1	he will by no means clear the guilty	Yahweh is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I will by no means clear the guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2094	EXO	34	7	ts1b			1	will by no means clear the guilty	“will certainly not clear the guilty” or “will certainly not say that the guilty are innocent” or “will certainly not free guilty people”
2095	EXO	34	7	px85	figs-metaphor		1	He will bring the punishment for the fathers’ sin on their children	Punishing people is spoken of as if punishment were an object that someone could bring on people. Alternate translation: “He will punish the children for their fathers’ sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2096	EXO	34	7	c3tb	figs-metonymy		1	their children	The word “children” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “their descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2097	EXO	34	9	mh3a	figs-idiom		1	If now I have found favor in your eyes	Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. See how you translated this in Exodus 33:12. Alternate translation: “Now If you are pleased with me” or “Now if you approve of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2098	EXO	34	9	hw66	figs-doublet		1	our iniquity and our sin	The words “iniquity” and “sin” mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “all our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2099	EXO	34	9	n6e5	figs-metaphor		1	take us as your inheritance	Something that someone possesses forever is spoken of as if it were something that they had inherited. Alternate translation: “take us as the people that you possess forever” or “accept us as the people who belong to you forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2100	EXO	34	10	zdq6	figs-you		1	your people	Here “your” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2101	EXO	34	10	bj1a	figs-idiom		1	it is a fearful thing that I am doing with you	A fearful thing is a thing that causes people to be afraid. In this case, people will fear God when they see what he does. Alternate translation: “what I do for you will cause people to fear me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2102	EXO	34	10	s7uz	figs-you		1	I am doing with you	Here you refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2103	EXO	34	12	b459			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. Here he tells him what Moses and the people must do.
2104	EXO	34	12	lxz8	figs-metaphor		1	they will become a trap among you	People who tempt others to sin are spoken of as if they were a trap. Alternate translation: “they will tempt you to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2105	EXO	34	14	vmx2	figs-metonymy		1	Yahweh, whose name is Jealous	The word “Jealous” here means that God is concerned to keep his honor. If his people worship other gods, he loses honor, because when his people do not honor him, other people also will not honor him. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, always guard my honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2106	EXO	34	14	s5sd	figs-metonymy		1	whose name is Jealous,	The word “name” here represents God’s character. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, who am always jealous” or “I, Yahweh, am always jealous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2107	EXO	34	15	f1e3			1	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses how his people are to behave towards outsiders.
2108	EXO	34	15	gtd8	figs-metaphor		1	for they prostitute themselves to their gods	God speaks of people worshiping other gods as if they were prostitutes going to other men. Alternate translation: “for they worship other gods” or “because they worship other gods like prostitutes who go to other men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2109	EXO	34	15	bj2i	figs-explicit		1	you will eat some of his sacrifice	The consequence of eating food that is sacrificed to another god can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “you will eat some of his sacrifice and become guilty of worshiping his gods” or “and you will prostitute yourself to his god by eating some of his sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2110	EXO	34	18	s1rr			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
2111	EXO	34	18	u5be	translate-numbers		1	seven days	“7 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2112	EXO	34	18	i5ck	translate-hebrewmonths		1	in the month of Aviv	This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. See how you translated “Aviv” in Exodus 13:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2113	EXO	34	19	ly7d			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
2114	EXO	34	20	yz8x			1	buy back	Firstborn sons and firstborn donkeys belonged to Yahweh, but Yahweh did not want them sacrificed to Him. Instead, the Israelites were to sacrifice a lamb in their place. This allowed the Israelites to buy the donkeys and sons back from Yahweh.
2115	EXO	34	20	u2p5	figs-metonymy		1	No one may appear before me empty-handed	God speaks of the offering as if the person was to carry it in his hands. Alternate translation: “No one may come to me without an offering” or “Everyone who comes to me must bring me an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2116	EXO	34	21	w9ed			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
2117	EXO	34	21	swm8			1	Even at plowing time and in harvest	“Even when you are preparing the soil or gathering the crops”
2118	EXO	34	22	d13l			1	Festival of Ingathering	This festival was also known as the Festival of Shelters or the Festival of Booths. The idea came from the practice of the farmers living in temporary booths, or huts, out in the fields to guard the crop as it ripened. The word “Ingathering” means when they harvest their crop.
2119	EXO	34	23	zh58			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
2120	EXO	34	25	zx2v			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
2121	EXO	34	25	e8v2	figs-explicit		1	the blood of my sacrifice	The fact that the blood is from an animal can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the blood of an animal that you sacrifice to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2122	EXO	34	25	k2f7	figs-explicit		1	with any yeast	The fact that any yeast would be in bread can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “with bread that has yeast in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2123	EXO	34	28	mm6l			1	Moses was there	“Moses was on the mountain”
2124	EXO	34	28	j9t4	translate-numbers		1	forty days	“40 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2125	EXO	34	28	wt1c			1	for forty days and nights	“for forty days, both day and night”
2126	EXO	34	28	yun2			1	He wrote	“Moses wrote”
2127	EXO	34	29	d9zk			1	had become radiant	“had started to shine”
2128	EXO	34	31	jfb4			1	came up to him	“approached him” or “went to him.” They did not go up the mountain.
2129	EXO	34	32	kt23	figs-metaphor		1	all the commands that Yahweh had given him	Telling commands is spoken of as if the commands were objects that could be given. Alternate translation: “all the commands that Yahweh had told him” or “everything that Yahweh had commanded them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2130	EXO	34	34	fzm1			1	he would remove	“Moses would remove”
2131	EXO	34	34	m1sv	figs-activepassive		1	what he was commanded	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh had commanded him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2132	EXO	35	intro	lew9			0		Exodus 35 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Sacrifice All of the people offered sacrifices to Yahweh. This was a form of worship and a sign of repentance from making the golden calf idol. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
2133	EXO	35	2	c559	translate-ordinal		1	the seventh day	“day number seven” or “Saturday” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2134	EXO	35	2	zij9	figs-activepassive		1	Whoever does any work on that day must be put to death	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must kill anyone who does work on that day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2135	EXO	35	4	jdb8			1	General Information:	In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in Exodus 25:3-7.
2136	EXO	35	5	h5c8			1	General Information:	In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in Exodus 25:3-7.
2137	EXO	35	5	n2c8			1	Take an offering for Yahweh	“Take up a collection for Yahweh”
2138	EXO	35	5	y2x6	figs-synecdoche		1	all of you who have a willing heart	Here “heart” refers to the person bringing the offering. Alternate translation: “everyone who is willing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2139	EXO	35	6	r12v			1	General Information:	In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in Exodus 25:3-7.
2140	EXO	35	7	nmv4			1	General Information:	In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in Exodus 25:3-7.
2141	EXO	35	7	l5bq			1	ram skins dyed red and fine leather hides	See how you translated similar phrases in Exodus 25:5.
2142	EXO	35	8	ikm4			1	General Information:	In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in Exodus 25:3-7.
2143	EXO	35	9	f1dd			1	General Information:	In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in Exodus 25:3-7.
2144	EXO	35	10	c31r			1	General Information:	Moses continues telling the people what God commanded them to do.
2145	EXO	35	10	dc4b			1	Every skilled man	“Every man with a skill”
2146	EXO	35	11	j5t7			1	clasps	The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in Exodus 26:6.
2147	EXO	35	11	syn4			1	bases	These are heavy objects that rest on the ground and keep the object attached to them from moving. See how you translated this in Exodus 25:31.
2148	EXO	35	12	rj7s			1	atonement lid	This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in Exodus 25:17.
2149	EXO	35	13	x3tl			1	They brought	“The people of Israel brought”
2150	EXO	35	13	l641			1	bread of the presence	This bread represented the presence of God. See how you translated this in Exodus 25:30.
2151	EXO	35	16	h116			1	bronze grate	This is a frame of crossed bronze bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated “grate” in Exodus 27:4.
2152	EXO	35	17	h8zl			1	hangings	These were large curtains made of cloth. See how you translated this in Exodus 26:36.
2153	EXO	35	17	x54f			1	posts	These were strong pieces of wood set upright and used as supports. See how you translated these in Exodus 27:10.
2154	EXO	35	17	xtm8			1	bases	These were blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. See how you translated this in Exodus 26:19.
2155	EXO	35	18	n44r			1	tent pegs	sharp pieces of wood or metal used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground. See how you translated this in Exodus 27:19.
2156	EXO	35	19	x1pc			1	finely-woven garments	This was clothing made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in Exodus 28:8.
2157	EXO	35	20	w6rg	figs-metonymy		1	all the tribes of Israel	This refers to the people in the tribes. Alternate translation: “the people from all the tribes of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2158	EXO	35	21	b9wk	figs-synecdoche		1	whose heart stirred him up	Here “heart” refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate translation: “who responded to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2159	EXO	35	21	be9z	figs-synecdoche		1	whom his spirit made willing	Here “spirit” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “who was willing” or “who wanted to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2160	EXO	35	22	mwx8	figs-synecdoche		1	all who had a willing heart	Here “heart” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who was willing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2161	EXO	35	22	wwp2			1	brooches, earrings, rings, and ornaments	These are different kinds of jewelry.
2162	EXO	35	23	s3ky			1	Everyone who had…brought them	For 35:23 see how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:4-5.
2163	EXO	35	25	ebm5			1	blue, purple, or scarlet wool	Possible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated a similar phrase in Exodus 25:4.
2164	EXO	35	26	k1gy	figs-synecdoche		1	whose hearts stirred them up	Here “hearts” refers to the women. The hearts of the women who responded to God are spoken of as if they were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate translation: “who responded to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2165	EXO	35	27	f13n			1	The leaders brought…breastpiece	For 35:27 see how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:7.
2166	EXO	35	28	h3a1			1	they brought spices…fragrant incense	For 35:28 see how you translated many similar words in Exodus 25:6
2167	EXO	35	29	li5z	figs-synecdoche		1	whose heart was willing	Here “heart” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “who was willing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2168	EXO	35	30	z1e2			1	Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur, from the tribe of Judah	See how you translated this in Exodus 31:2
2169	EXO	35	31	gse9	figs-metaphor		1	He has filled Bezalel with his Spirit	God’s Spirit who gave Bezalel the ability to work is spoken of here as if he was something that filled up Bezalel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2170	EXO	35	31	zd74			1	filled Bezalel…craftsmanship	See how you translated many similar words in Exodus 31:3
2171	EXO	35	32	r7e3			1	to make artistic designs…bronze	See how you translated many similar words in Exodus 31:4
2172	EXO	35	33	fj6f			1	also to cut and set stones…craftsmanship	See how you translated many similar words in Exodus 31:5
2173	EXO	35	34	a1r8			1	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people.
2174	EXO	35	34	xd67	figs-synecdoche		1	He has put it in his heart to teach	Here “heart” refers to Bezalel. The ability to teach is spoken of as if it something that could be placed in a heart. Alternate translation: “He gave Bezalel the ability to teach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2175	EXO	35	34	ab2z	translate-names		1	Oholiab son of Ahisamak, from the tribe of Dan	“Oholiab” and “Ahisamak” are names of men. See how you translated these names in Exodus 31:6. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2176	EXO	35	35	rcv9	figs-metaphor		1	filled them with skill	Skill to create beautiful objects is spoken of as if it was something that could fill up a person. Alternate translation: “made them very skillful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2177	EXO	35	35	me14			1	engravers	a person who cuts designs into a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal
2178	EXO	35	35	u7tf			1	embroiderers	people who sew designs into cloth
2179	EXO	35	35	r8zk			1	craftsmen	people who are skilled in making beautiful objects by hand
2180	EXO	35	35	cw3x			1	weavers	a person who creates cloth using thread
2181	EXO	35	35	a6c3			1	artistic designers	a person who creates beauty with materials
2182	EXO	36	intro	nz4n			0		Exodus 36 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Tent of meeting The tent of meeting, or tabernacle, mentioned in previous chapters is constructed in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
2183	EXO	36	1	ubk2			1	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people.
2184	EXO	36	1	ds99	translate-names		1	Bezalel	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Exodus 31:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2185	EXO	36	1	tl5b	translate-names		1	Oholiab	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Exodus 31:6. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2186	EXO	36	1	tr3p	figs-metaphor		1	to whom Yahweh has given skill and ability	Here skill and ability are spoken of as if they are something that Yahweh can place inside a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2187	EXO	36	1	mdi4			1	according to all that Yahweh has commanded	“just as Yahweh has commanded”
2188	EXO	36	2	tgn2	translate-names		1	Bezalel	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Exodus 31:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2189	EXO	36	2	wq6q	translate-names		1	Oholiab	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Exodus 31:6. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2190	EXO	36	2	tda7	figs-synecdoche		1	in whose mind Yahweh had given skill	Here “mind” refers to the person who was made skillful by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to whom Yahweh had given skill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2191	EXO	36	2	yuq8	figs-synecdoche		1	whose heart stirred within him	Here “heart” refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate translation: “who responded to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2192	EXO	36	5	tni7	figs-quotations		1	The craftsmen told Moses…commanded us to do.”	The can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “The craftsmen told Moses that the people were bringing much more than enough for doing the work that Yahweh has commanded them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2193	EXO	36	5	pd95			1	The craftsmen told Moses	“The men working on the sanctuary told Moses”
2194	EXO	36	8	kw33			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:1.
2195	EXO	36	8	l7ub			1	ten curtains made from fine linen	These curtains are sheets of cloth woven and sewed together so that they can hang to form a wall or tent.
2196	EXO	36	8	s2hu	translate-names		1	Bezalel	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Exodus 31:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2197	EXO	36	9	p2mr			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:2.
2198	EXO	36	10	z6sq			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:3.
2199	EXO	36	11	yw91			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:4.
2200	EXO	36	11	qh6e			1	He made	Here “he” refers to Bezalel, but it includes all the men working on the sanctuary.
2201	EXO	36	11	y7vq			1	loops of blue	loops of blue cloth
2202	EXO	36	11	i4ba			1	curtain	These were large, heavy sections of woven cloth that were used to form the covering and dividing walls of the tabernacle. See how you translated this in Exodus 26:1.
2203	EXO	36	12	k1qq			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:5.
2204	EXO	36	13	z2zi			1	General Information	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:6.
2205	EXO	36	13	j75x	translate-numbers		1	fifty gold clasps	“50 gold clasps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2206	EXO	36	14	m2ac			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:7.
2207	EXO	36	14	us17	translate-numbers		1	made eleven	“made 11” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2208	EXO	36	15	fa6i			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:8.
2209	EXO	36	15	ret8	translate-numbers		1	thirty cubits	“30 cubits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
2210	EXO	36	16	wwj6			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:9.
2211	EXO	36	17	qt9b			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:10.
2212	EXO	36	17	jm1l	translate-numbers		1	fifty loops	“50 loops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2213	EXO	36	18	mq1j			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:11.
2214	EXO	36	18	a7mn	translate-numbers		1	fifty bronze clasps	“50 bronze clasps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2215	EXO	36	19	p3ke			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:14.
2216	EXO	36	20	t739			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:15.
2217	EXO	36	21	prx5			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:16.
2218	EXO	36	21	gci3	translate-bdistance		1	ten cubits…one and a half cubits	“10 cubits…1.5 cubits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
2219	EXO	36	22	l8yx			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:17.
2220	EXO	36	22	vq4m			1	two wooden pegs for joining	A wooden peg is a small piece of wood sticking out beyond the end of the board so it can be secured.
2221	EXO	36	23	ev65			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:18.
2222	EXO	36	24	ln2x			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:19.
2223	EXO	36	24	u5ue	translate-numbers		1	forty silver bases	“40 silver bases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2224	EXO	36	24	yx4b	translate-numbers		1	twenty frames	“20 frames” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2225	EXO	36	25	w2wz			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:20.
2226	EXO	36	26	gbm9			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:21.
2227	EXO	36	26	b9dy			1	and so on	There will be two bases under each and every frame.
2228	EXO	36	27	a7js			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:22.
2229	EXO	36	27	m6ue			1	on the west	on the side that is on the west
2230	EXO	36	28	hw9c			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:23.
2231	EXO	36	28	ma1f			1	for the back corners	for the corners at the rear of the tabernacle
2232	EXO	36	29	u396			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:24.
2233	EXO	36	30	mu5n			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:25.
2234	EXO	36	30	zls4	translate-numbers		1	sixteen bases in all	“16 bases in all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2235	EXO	36	30	r252			1	and so on	There will be two bases under each and every frame.
2236	EXO	36	31	cf2p			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:26.
2237	EXO	36	32	p4wd			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:27.
2238	EXO	36	32	tc6s			1	to the west	on the west side
2239	EXO	36	33	h94y			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:28.
2240	EXO	36	33	lk9f			1	from end to end	from one side of the tabernacle to the other side
2241	EXO	36	34	i17v			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:29.
2242	EXO	36	35	pfc5			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:31.
2243	EXO	36	36	hg2q			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:32.
2244	EXO	36	37	r5ya			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:36.
2245	EXO	36	37	vv61			1	He made	Here “he” refers to Bezalel and those working for him. “Bezalel and his men made”
2246	EXO	36	37	neu2			1	a hanging	a curtain
2247	EXO	36	38	pr67			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 26:37.
2248	EXO	37	intro	mt99			0		Exodus 37 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The ark of the covenant The ark, mentioned in previous chapters, is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
2249	EXO	37	1	byr3			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:10.
2250	EXO	37	1	xz1t	translate-names		1	Bezalel	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Exodus 31:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2251	EXO	37	1	ps6e	translate-bdistance		1	two and a half cubits…one cubit and a half	A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.5 cubits…1.5 cubits” or “115 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
2252	EXO	37	2	kb3s			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:11.
2253	EXO	37	3	pb6v			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:12.
2254	EXO	37	3	ut8d	figs-metaphor		1	its four feet	These four pieces of wood that supported the ark are spoken of as if they were human or animal feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2255	EXO	37	4	nr8y			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:13.
2256	EXO	37	4	n9kr			1	He made	Though “he” refers to Bezalel, “he” may include all of the workers who assisted him.
2257	EXO	37	5	v9j7			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:14.
2258	EXO	37	6	liw8			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:17.
2259	EXO	37	6	ba8a	translate-bdistance		1	two and a half cubits…one and a half cubits	A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.5 cubits…1.5 cubits” or “115 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
2260	EXO	37	7	nhi3			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:18.
2261	EXO	37	8	g96y			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:19.
2262	EXO	37	8	y13s	figs-activepassive		1	They were made as one piece	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made them as one piece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2263	EXO	37	9	e6na			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:20.
2264	EXO	37	9	r7nm	figs-personification		1	The cherubim spread out their wings upward and overshadowed	Bezalel placed the statues of the cherubim as if they were real cherubim which were spreading their wings and overshadowing the atonement lid. Alternate translation: “They placed the winged creatures so that their wings touched each other and spread out over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2265	EXO	37	9	zsq1			1	The cherubim faced one another and looked toward	“The faces of the cherubim were towards each other, and they looked toward”
2266	EXO	37	10	ktf8			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:23.
2267	EXO	37	10	fnt3	translate-bdistance		1	two cubits…one cubit…one and a half cubits	A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2 cubits…1 cubit…1.5 cubits” or “92 centimeters…46 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
2268	EXO	37	11	l2kv			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:24.
2269	EXO	37	12	i1ba			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:25.
2270	EXO	37	12	j4iq	translate-bdistance		1	handbreadth	This was the width of a man’s hand with fingers spread out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
2271	EXO	37	13	b56c			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:26.
2272	EXO	37	13	k69z	figs-metaphor		1	the four feet	These four pieces of wood that supported the ark are spoken of as if they were human or animal feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2273	EXO	37	14	tc3u			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:27.
2274	EXO	37	14	b3ma	figs-activepassive		1	The rings were attached	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bezalel attached the rings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2275	EXO	37	15	zkr8			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:28.
2276	EXO	37	16	h598			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:29.
2277	EXO	37	16	ui2r	figs-explicit		1	dishes, spoons, the bowls, and pitchers to be used to pour out the offerings	It is only the bowls and pitchers that are used to pour out the offerings. Alternate translation: “plates and cups, and also the jars and bowls which the priests will use for pouring out the offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2278	EXO	37	17	edx6			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:31.
2279	EXO	37	17	wp6l			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
2280	EXO	37	17	s977	figs-activepassive		1	Its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers were all made of one piece with it	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made the cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers as one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2281	EXO	37	18	kuh2			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:32.
2282	EXO	37	19	g1y9			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:33.
2283	EXO	37	19	j6vz	figs-activepassive		1	three cups made like almond blossoms	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he made the 3 cups look like almond blossoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2284	EXO	37	19	cbe6			1	almond blossoms	An almond blossom is a white or pink flower with five petals that grows on an almond tree.
2285	EXO	37	20	nl54			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:34.
2286	EXO	37	20	bx63	figs-activepassive		1	there were four cups made like almond blossoms	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there were 4 cups which Bezalel made to look like almond blossoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2287	EXO	37	21	x1u5			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:35.
2288	EXO	37	21	v3c2	figs-activepassive		1	made as one piece with it	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which he made as one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2289	EXO	37	22	ks9z			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:36.
2290	EXO	37	23	b2jq			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:37-38.
2291	EXO	37	23	r4y1			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
2292	EXO	37	23	njx7			1	tongs	This is a tool made from two sticks of wood or metal connected at one end and used for picking up objects.
2293	EXO	37	24	uz5h			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 25:39.
2294	EXO	37	24	arz1	translate-bweight		1	one talent	“33 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2295	EXO	37	25	el8w			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 30:1-2.
2296	EXO	37	25	li9d			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
2297	EXO	37	25	c8mg	translate-bdistance		1	cubit	A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
2298	EXO	37	25	xq8k	figs-activepassive		1	Its horns were made as one piece with it	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made the horns as one piece with the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2299	EXO	37	26	ep66			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 30:3.
2300	EXO	37	27	zez2			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 30:4.
2301	EXO	37	27	d2v9			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
2302	EXO	37	27	p89d	figs-activepassive		1	to be attached to it	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which they attached to the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2303	EXO	37	28	hw37			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 30:5.
2304	EXO	37	29	c992			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 30:25.
2305	EXO	37	29	z685			1	fragrant incense	See how you translated this in Exodus 25:6.
2306	EXO	37	29	akg9			1	the work of a perfumer	A perfumer is skilled in mixing spices and oils.
2307	EXO	38	intro	hp86			0		Exodus 38 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The altar The altar is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) Materials The list of materials being used is intended to give the reader an understanding of the scale of the tabernacle. It should fill the reader with awe concerning the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2308	EXO	38	1	r81c			1	General Information	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:1.
2309	EXO	38	1	gk19			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
2310	EXO	38	1	g5ex	translate-bdistance		1	cubits	One cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
2311	EXO	38	2	g71x			1	General Information	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:2.
2312	EXO	38	2	se9l	figs-activepassive		1	The horns were made of one piece	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made the horns as one piece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2313	EXO	38	3	v73t			1	General Information	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:3.
2314	EXO	38	4	rx7v			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:4 and Exodus 27:5.
2315	EXO	38	4	nb1q			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
2316	EXO	38	4	g5rb	figs-activepassive		1	to be placed under the ledge	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which they placed under the ledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2317	EXO	38	5	kp6w			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:4.
2318	EXO	38	6	l258			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:6.
2319	EXO	38	6	ihi9			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
2320	EXO	38	7	ys63			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:7-8.
2321	EXO	38	7	wa8g			1	planks	a long, flat piece of wood that is thicker than a board
2322	EXO	38	8	tqi9			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
2323	EXO	38	8	e6gd			1	large bronze basin with a bronze stand	The stand supported the bronze basin. See how you translated this in Exodus 30:18.
2324	EXO	38	8	mdx9	figs-explicit		1	He made the basin out of mirrors	The bronze came from the mirrors. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “The bronze for the basin came from the mirrors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2325	EXO	38	8	e1wq			1	mirrors	A mirror is a piece of polished metal or glass that reflects an image.
2326	EXO	38	9	clk6			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:9.
2327	EXO	38	9	j2nq			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
2328	EXO	38	9	i24a	translate-numbers		1	one hundred	“100” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2329	EXO	38	9	su7e	translate-bdistance		1	cubits	A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
2330	EXO	38	10	nz6q			1	General Information	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:10.
2331	EXO	38	10	x9jn	translate-numbers		1	twenty	“20” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2332	EXO	38	11	mp6n			1	General Information	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:11.
2333	EXO	38	11	kl3h	translate-numbers		1	one hundred…twenty	“100…20” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2334	EXO	38	11	xl4c	translate-bdistance		1	cubits	A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
2335	EXO	38	12	g5iz			1	General Information	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:12.
2336	EXO	38	12	vuw5	translate-numbers		1	fifty…ten	“50…10” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2337	EXO	38	13	iju3			1	General Information	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:13.
2338	EXO	38	13	fw1k	translate-numbers		1	fifty	“50” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2339	EXO	38	13	jl57	translate-bdistance		1	cubits	A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
2340	EXO	38	14	n1xj			1	General Information	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:14.
2341	EXO	38	14	b85e	translate-numbers		1	fifteen…three	“15…3” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2342	EXO	38	15	dlq7			1	General Information	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:15.
2343	EXO	38	16	s5zf	figs-activepassive		1	All the hangings around the courtyard were made of fine linen	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bezalel and the workers made all the hangings around the courtyard with fine linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2344	EXO	38	17	s5g5			1	General Information	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:17.
2345	EXO	38	17	r7g6	figs-activepassive		1	The bases for the posts were made of bronze	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bezalel and the workers made the bases for the posts out of bronze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2346	EXO	38	17	va1m	figs-activepassive		1	The hooks and rods for the posts were made of silver, and the covering for the tops of the posts was also made of silver	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made the hooks, the rods for the posts, and the covering for the tops of the posts out of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2347	EXO	38	17	i3bf	figs-activepassive		1	All the courtyard posts were covered with silver	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They covered the courtyard posts with silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2348	EXO	38	18	hmi5			1	General Information	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:16.
2349	EXO	38	18	h4ki	translate-numbers		1	twenty…five	“20…5” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2350	EXO	38	18	yf6z	translate-bdistance		1	cubits	A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
2351	EXO	38	18	trz5	figs-activepassive		1	The curtain was made of	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made the curtain out of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2352	EXO	38	19	fjw4			1	General Information	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:17.
2353	EXO	38	19	kqf3	translate-numbers		1	four	“4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2354	EXO	38	19	a2ix	figs-activepassive		1	The covering for their tops and its rods were made of silver	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made the covering for the tops of the posts and their rods out of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2355	EXO	38	20	ye5c			1	General Information	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 27:19.
2356	EXO	38	20	p55d	figs-activepassive		1	All the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard were made of bronze	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made all of the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard out of bronze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2357	EXO	38	21	wqi5			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
2358	EXO	38	21	k2ex	figs-activepassive		1	as it was taken	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which Moses instructed the Levites to write down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2359	EXO	38	21	ex1t	translate-names		1	Ithamar	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in Exodus 6:23. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2360	EXO	38	22	d86g	translate-names		1	Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur	“Bezalel” and “uri” are the name of men. See how you translated this in Exodus 31:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2361	EXO	38	22	i4ha			1	Yahweh had commanded Moses	“everything that Yahweh told Moses to do”
2362	EXO	38	23	f93b	translate-names		1	Oholiab son of Ahisamak	“Oholiab” and “Ahisamak” are names of men. See how you translated this in Exodus 31:6. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2363	EXO	38	23	wvw4			1	an engraver, as a skillful workman, and as an embroiderer	“as a skilled engraver and embroiderer”
2364	EXO	38	24	tl4k	figs-activepassive		1	All the gold that was used for the project	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “All the gold that the people used for the project” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2365	EXO	38	24	y7hy	translate-numbers		1	twenty-nine talents	A talent is about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “29 talents” or “about 960 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2366	EXO	38	24	tg3f	translate-numbers		1	730 shekels	A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “seven hundred and thirty shekels” or “about 8 kilograms.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2367	EXO	38	24	f6sq	translate-bweight		1	measured by the standard of the sanctuary shekel	There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. See how you translated this in Exodus 30:13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2368	EXO	38	25	ni5b	translate-numbers		1	one hundred talents	A talent is about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “100 talents” or “about 330 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2369	EXO	38	25	gn9f	translate-numbers		1	1,775 shekels	A shekel is 11 grams. “one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels” or “about 20 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2370	EXO	38	25	egg4	figs-activepassive		1	The silver given by the community	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The silver which the community gave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2371	EXO	38	26	t2gi	translate-bweight		1	one beka	A beka is 1/2 a shekel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2372	EXO	38	26	fyy5	translate-bweight		1	half a shekel	A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “1/2 a shekel” or “five and a half grams” or “5 1/2 grams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
2373	EXO	38	26	ll8b			1	This figure was reached on the basis of every person who was counted in the census	Every man who was 20 years old or older was included in the census and was required to give half a shekel.
2374	EXO	38	26	c69c	translate-numbers		1	twenty years old	“20 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2375	EXO	38	27	p7r5	translate-bweight		1	One hundred talents of silver were cast	A talent is about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “The workers cast 100 talents of silver” or “The workers cast 3,300 kilograms of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2376	EXO	38	27	n8z7	translate-numbers		1	One hundred talents	“100 talents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2377	EXO	38	28	k2fi	translate-numbers		1	1,775 shekels	“one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2378	EXO	38	28	ii3y	translate-bmoney		1	shekels	A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
2379	EXO	38	28	nxf5	translate-names		1	Bezalel	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Exodus 31:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2380	EXO	38	29	p3mr	translate-numbers		1	seventy talents and 2,400 shekels	“70 talents and two thousand four hundred shekels.” This would be about 2,300 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2381	EXO	38	30	zfk8			1	General Information:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
2382	EXO	38	30	rck7			1	grate	This is a frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated this in Exodus 27:4.
2383	EXO	38	31	bvr9			1	tent pegs	These are sharp bronze stakes that were used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground. See how you translated this in Exodus 27:19.
2384	EXO	39	intro	mll6			0		Exodus 39 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The holy clothing The special, holy clothing mentioned in previous chapters is produced in this chapter to the correct specifications. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
2385	EXO	39	1	s66r			1	General Information:	Bezalel’s work crew shifts to making the priestly garments.
2386	EXO	39	1	ys6l			1	they made	The word “they” refers to Bezalel, Oholiab, and the other workmen.
2387	EXO	39	1	h8kg			1	as Yahweh had commanded Moses	“just as Yahweh told Moses to do”
2388	EXO	39	2	b9mg			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:6.
2389	EXO	39	2	ain4			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
2390	EXO	39	2	p5xy	translate-names		1	Bezalel	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Exodus 31:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2391	EXO	39	4	c7lu			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:7.
2392	EXO	39	4	pq62			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
2393	EXO	39	5	g75w			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:8.
2394	EXO	39	5	wf2i	figs-activepassive		1	it was made of one piece with the ephod, made of fine twined linen	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they made it as one piece with the ephod with fine twisted linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2395	EXO	39	5	cc56			1	as Yahweh had commanded Moses	“just as Yahweh told Moses to do.” See how you translated this phrase in Exodus 39:1.
2396	EXO	39	6	k7vw			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:9 and Exodus 28:11.
2397	EXO	39	6	h1bz			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
2398	EXO	39	6	naa8			1	signet	This was an engraved stone that was used to stamp a design in a wax seal. See how you translated this in Exodus 28:11.
2399	EXO	39	6	ajh3	translate-numbers		1	twelve sons	“12 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2400	EXO	39	7	ize6			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:12.
2401	EXO	39	7	d24m			1	as Yahweh had commanded Moses	“just as Yahweh told Moses to do.” See how you translated this phrase in Exodus 39:1.
2402	EXO	39	8	mlf6			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:15.
2403	EXO	39	8	gj9p			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
2404	EXO	39	8	k7b6			1	He made	“Bezalel made” or “Bezalel and the workers made”
2405	EXO	39	9	lkt1			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:16.
2406	EXO	39	9	f4ms	translate-bdistance		1	span	A span is 23 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
2407	EXO	39	10	xzb8			1	General Information:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
2408	EXO	39	10	m54c			1	They set in it	“The workers set in the breastpiece”
2409	EXO	39	10	cmv1	translate-unknown		1	ruby, a topaz, and a garnet	Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in Exodus 28:17. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2410	EXO	39	11	qx96	translate-unknown		1	an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond	Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in Exodus 28:18. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2411	EXO	39	12	kk8t	translate-unknown		1	a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst	Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in Exodus 28:19. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2412	EXO	39	13	l9wa	translate-unknown		1	a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper	Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in Exodus 28:20. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2413	EXO	39	13	h3bw	figs-activepassive		1	The stones were mounted in gold settings	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They mounted the stones in gold settings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2414	EXO	39	14	z5va			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:21.
2415	EXO	39	14	a9bw			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
2416	EXO	39	14	yby8	figs-activepassive		1	The stones were arranged	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The workers arranged the stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2417	EXO	39	15	byz8			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:22.
2418	EXO	39	16	b8m6			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:23-24.
2419	EXO	39	17	w2s4			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:24.
2420	EXO	39	17	v4i5			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
2421	EXO	39	17	lc2x			1	two braided chains	“chains that are made of pure gold and are braided like cords.” See how you translated this in Exodus 28:14.
2422	EXO	39	18	bw76			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:25.
2423	EXO	39	19	nd41			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:26.
2424	EXO	39	19	del5			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
2425	EXO	39	20	w8wz			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:27.
2426	EXO	39	20	l1dz			1	finely-woven waistband	This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in Exodus 28:8.
2427	EXO	39	21	zu91			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:28.
2428	EXO	39	21	uq61			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
2429	EXO	39	21	h1yb	figs-activepassive		1	so that it might be attached	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so they could attach it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2430	EXO	39	21	scn8	figs-doublenegatives		1	the breastpiece might not become unattached from the ephod	The double negative can be translated as a positive. Alternate translation: “the breastpiece would stay attached to the ephod” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2431	EXO	39	22	vdw1			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:31-32.
2432	EXO	39	22	n25q			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
2433	EXO	39	22	p8nv	translate-names		1	Bezalel	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Exodus 31:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2434	EXO	39	23	cyc1			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:32.
2435	EXO	39	24	eak6			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:33.
2436	EXO	39	25	sx9b			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:34-35.
2437	EXO	39	25	f8t3			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments as commanded in Exodus 28:34-35.
2438	EXO	39	25	x1ww			1	bells of pure gold	These were tiny bells.
2439	EXO	39	26	gtg5			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:34-35.
2440	EXO	39	27	pz63			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:39.
2441	EXO	39	27	rp6p			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
2442	EXO	39	28	um4e			1	turban	This is a head covering worn by men made of a long strip of cloth wound around the head. See how you translated this in Exodus 28:4.
2443	EXO	39	28	jex8			1	headbands	A headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes. See how you translated this in Exodus 28:40.
2444	EXO	39	28	c4pr	figs-explicit		1	undergarments	This is clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. See how you translated this in Exodus 28:42. Alternate translation: “underwear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2445	EXO	39	29	hn5g			1	sash	This is a long piece of cloth worn over the shoulder or around the waist. See how you translated this word in Exodus 28:4
2446	EXO	39	30	kq33			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:36.
2447	EXO	39	30	m6jj			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments..
2448	EXO	39	30	d85k			1	holy crown	This was an engraved crown made of pure gold. See how you translated this in Exodus 29:6.
2449	EXO	39	31	fml2			1	General Information:	See how you translated many of these words in Exodus 28:37.
2450	EXO	39	32	jh64			1	General Information:	The Israelites finish making the things Yahweh commanded in Exodus 35:4-9 and Exodus 35:10-12.
2451	EXO	39	32	z1z7	figs-doublet		1	So the work on the tabernacle, the tent of meeting, was finished. The people of Israel did everything	The “tabernacle” and “tent of meeting” are the same thing. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the people of Israel finished all of the work on the tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2452	EXO	39	33	y9ym			1	clasps	The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in Exodus 26:6.
2453	EXO	39	33	b3q3			1	bases	These are heavy objects that rest on the ground and keep the object attached to them from moving. See how you translated this in Exodus 25:31.
2454	EXO	39	34	z6r6			1	the covering of ram skins dyed red, the covering of fine leather	See how you translated similar phrases in this in Exodus 25:5.
2455	EXO	39	35	i7d9			1	atonement lid	This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in Exodus 25:17.
2456	EXO	39	36	lvq3			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to present all that they made to Moses.
2457	EXO	39	36	knn8			1	bread of the presence	This bread represented the presence of God. See how you translated this in Exodus 25:30.
2458	EXO	39	39	e755			1	grate	This is a frame of crossed bars that held wood while burning. See how you translated this in Exodus 27:4.
2459	EXO	39	40	i8lm			1	Connecting Statement:	Bezalel’s work crew continues to present all that they made to Moses.
2460	EXO	39	40	m3x9			1	They brought	“The people of Israel brought”
2461	EXO	39	40	ajt4			1	the tabernacle, the tent of meeting	These refer to the same place.
2462	EXO	39	42	ct6k			1	Thus the people	“And so the people”
2463	EXO	39	43	t26m			1	behold	The word “behold” here draws attention to the information that follows.
2464	EXO	39	43	z79s			1	As Yahweh had commanded, in that way they did it	“They did it in the way that Yahweh had commanded them”
2465	EXO	40	intro	fa6e			0		Exodus 40 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is repetitive and should read as a series of instructions. It is repeated as well to show that Moses was obedient to every detail of Yahweh’s command. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter “Yahweh’s glory filled the tabernacle” This phrase indicates that Yahweh began to dwell within the tabernacle, among Israel, in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
2466	EXO	40	2	crr5	translate-hebrewmonths		1	the first day of the first month of the new year	The new year marks the time when God rescued his people from Egypt. This happens around the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2467	EXO	40	3	iv52			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
2468	EXO	40	3	l7fp			1	place the ark of the testimony in it	“place the ark of the covenant decrees in the sacred chest”
2469	EXO	40	3	psu3			1	shield the ark with the curtain	“put the ark behind the curtain”
2470	EXO	40	5	n4wx			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
2471	EXO	40	5	a4xe			1	ark of the testimony	This refers to the “sacred chest.”
2472	EXO	40	8	zfl6			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
2473	EXO	40	9	ce7i			1	all its furnishings	“all the things that are a part of it”
2474	EXO	40	12	yiq8			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
2475	EXO	40	12	j7ea			1	You are to bring	Moses will do these things himself.
2476	EXO	40	13	bs4j	figs-activepassive		1	that are set apart to me	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that you have set apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2477	EXO	40	14	w7yw			1	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
2478	EXO	40	15	js17			1	throughout their people’s generations	“through all the generations of their descendants.” See how you translated a similar phrase in Exodus 12:14.
2479	EXO	40	17	r6pc	figs-activepassive		1	So the tabernacle was set up	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the people set up the tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2480	EXO	40	17	gzu5	translate-hebrewmonths		1	the first day of the first month	This refers to exactly one year after God rescued his people from Egypt. This happens around the middle of March on Western calendars. See how you translated this in Exodus 40:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2481	EXO	40	17	wnh8	translate-ordinal		1	in the second year	This is the second year after Yahweh brought his people out of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2482	EXO	40	18	kk4n	figs-explicit		1	Moses set up	Moses was the leader. The people helped him set up the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2483	EXO	40	18	c6rm			1	posts	a strong piece of wood set upright and used as a support
2484	EXO	40	21	l31p			1	He brought	Moses was the leader. He had workers helping him.
2485	EXO	40	21	n8r9			1	for it to shield	“in front of”
2486	EXO	40	24	sw1w	figs-explicit		1	He put the lampstand into the tent of meeting	Moses instructed his workers to move the lampstand. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “Moses’ workmen set the lampstand inside the sacred tent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2487	EXO	40	26	i5gg	figs-explicit		1	in front of the curtain	This curtain separated the holy place from the very holy place. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “in front of the curtain that separated the holy place from the very holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2488	EXO	40	31	bf9c	figs-explicit		1	washed their hands and their feet from the basin	They washed with water from the basin. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “washed their hands and their feet with water from the basin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2489	EXO	40	33	y62k		וַ⁠יְצַ֣ו	1	In this way	“And so”
2490	EXO	40	34	ysd8		כָּל־הַ⁠בֵּ֣ן הַ⁠יִּלּ֗וֹד הַ⁠יְאֹ֨רָ⁠ה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔⁠הוּ	1	Yahweh’s glory filled	“Yahweh’s awesome presence filled”
2491	EXO	40	36	ak35	figs-activepassive	לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר כָּל־הַ⁠בֵּ֣ן הַ⁠יִּלּ֗וֹד הַ⁠יְאֹ֨רָ⁠ה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔⁠הוּ וְ⁠כָל־הַ⁠בַּ֖ת תְּחַיּֽוּ⁠ן	1	was taken up from over	saying, “You shall throw every new-born son into the river, but every daughter you shall let live.” - A single level direct quote. While this particular instruction is very easy to rephrase as an indirect quote (in English), the use of saying in Hebrew suggests that this should be translated as a direct quotation if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2492	EXO	40	37	s8y2	figs-activepassive	תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔⁠הוּ תְּחַיּֽוּ⁠ן	1	that it was lifted up	you shall - These are plural referring to all Pharaoh’s people.