en_tn/en_tn_56-2TI.tsv

1	Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2	2TI	front	intro	s7fk			0		Introduction to 2 Timothy Part 1: General Introduction Outline of the book of 2 Timothy Paul greets Timothy and encourages him to endure hardship as he serves God (1:1-2:13). Paul gives general instructions to Timothy (2:14–26). Paul warns Timothy about future events and instructs him about how to carry out his service to God (3:1-4:8). Paul makes personal remarks (4:9-24). Who wrote the book of 2 Timothy? Paul wrote 2 Timothy. He was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus. This book is the second letter Paul wrote to Timothy. Timothy was his disciple and close friend. Paul wrote this letter while in prison in Rome. Paul would die soon after writing this letter. What is the book of 2 Timothy about? Paul had left Timothy in the city of Ephesus to help the believers there. Paul wrote this letter to instruct Timothy about various matters. The topics he addressed include warnings about false teachers and advice about enduring difficult situations. This letter also shows how Paul was training Timothy to be a leader among the churches. How should the title of this book be translated? Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “2 Timothy” or “Second Timothy.” Or they may choose a different title, such as “Paul’s Second Letter to Timothy” or “The Second Letter to Timothy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts What is the soldier imagery in 2 Timothy? As Paul waited in prison, knowing he would die soon, he spoke of being a soldier of Jesus Christ. Soldiers answer to their leaders. In the same way, Christians answer to Jesus. As “soldiers” of Christ, believers are to obey his commands, even if they die as a result. What does it mean that God inspired Scripture? God is the true author of Scripture. He inspired the human authors who wrote the books. That means God in some way caused the people to write what they wrote. This is why the Bible is also referred to as God’s word. This implies several things about it. First, the Bible is free from error and can be trusted. Second, we can rely on God to protect the Scripture from those who want to distort it or destroy it. Third, God’s word should be translated into all the world’s languages. Part 3: Important Translation Issues Singular and plural “you” In this book, the word “I” refers to Paul. Here the word “you” is almost always singular and refers to Timothy. The exception to this is 4:22. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) What did Paul mean by the expressions “in Christ,” “in the Lord,” etc.? Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression. What are the major textual issues in the text of the book of 2 Timothy? For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible already exists in their general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. “Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher” (1:11). Some older versions read, “Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher to the Gentiles.” “Warn them before God” (2:14). Some older versions read, “Warn them before the Lord.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
3	2TI	1	intro	p5lf			0		2 Timothy 01 General Notes Structure and formatting Paul formally introduces this letter in verses 1-2. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East. Special concepts in this chapter Spiritual children Paul discipled Timothy as a Christian and a church leader. Paul may also have led him to believe in Christ. Therefore, Paul calls Timothy “beloved child.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Persecution Paul was in prison when he wrote this letter. Paul encourages Timothy to be willing to suffer for the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4	2TI	1	1	p001	translate-names	Παῦλος	1	Paul	This is the name of a man, the author of the letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5	2TI	1	1	ha4l		Παῦλος	1	Paul	Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. If so, you can use it in your translation.
6	2TI	1	1	vl2g		διὰ θελήματος Θεοῦ	1	through the will of God	Paul became an apostle because God wanted him to be an apostle. Alternate translation: “because of God’s will” or “because God wanted it to be so”
7	2TI	1	1	e1lg		κατ’	1	according to	This could mean one of two things. (1) God appointed Paul to tell others about the promise of life in Jesus. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of” (2) Paul became an apostle because he himself received the promise of life in Jesus. Alternate translation: “as a result of”
8	2TI	1	1	m9kv	figs-metaphor	ζωῆς τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	life that is in Christ Jesus	Paul speaks of life as if it were an object inside of Jesus. This refers to the life people receive as a result of belonging to Christ Jesus. Alternate translation: “of the life that we receive as a result of belonging to Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9	2TI	1	2	p002	translate-names	Τιμοθέῳ	1	Timothy	This is the name of a man, the person to whom this letter is written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10	2TI	1	2	rp5u		Τιμοθέῳ	1	Timothy	Your language may have a particular way of introducing the person who receives a letter. If so, you can use it in your translation.
11	2TI	1	2	ey7g	figs-metaphor	ἀγαπητῷ τέκνῳ	1	my beloved child	Here, child is a term of great love and approval. It is also likely that Paul introduced Timothy to Christ, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. Alternate translation: “my dear child” or “my child whom I love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12	2TI	1	2	w43q		χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη, ἀπὸ	1	Grace, mercy, and peace from	The letter starts with the name of the author and person who is receiving it. Then Paul adds a blessing to Timothy, the person who is receiving it. Alternate translation: “may you experience kindness, mercy, and peace within you from” or “I pray that you will have grace, mercy, and peace from”
13	2TI	1	2	p003	figs-abstractnouns	χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη	1	Grace, mercy, and peace	Paul’s blessing to Timothy includes these three abstract nouns. Your language may have a particular way of expressing these concepts, such as with verbs. If so, you can use them in your translation. Alternate translation: “act kindly, show mercy, and give peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
14	2TI	1	2	ub7c	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ	1	God the Father and	This is an important title for God. Paul could be referring to God here as (1) the Father of Christ, or (2) the Father of believers. Alternate translation: “God, who is the Father, and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
15	2TI	1	2	dcr3	figs-inclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	In this book, unless otherwise noted, the words we, us, and our refer to Paul (the writer of this letter), Timothy (the one to whom this letter is written), and, by extension, all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
16	2TI	1	3	p004	figs-abstractnouns	χάριν ἔχω τῷ Θεῷ	1	I have gratitude to God	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun gratitude with a verb or an adjective. Alternative translation: “I thank God” or “I am thankful to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
17	2TI	1	3	tvb7	figs-idiom	ᾧ λατρεύω ἀπὸ προγόνων	1	whom I serve from my ancestors	This is an idiom that means that Paul serves God the way his ancestors did. Alternate translation: “whom I serve as my ancestors did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
18	2TI	1	3	ha9d	figs-metaphor	ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει	1	with a clean conscience	Paul speaks of his conscience as if it could be physically clean. A person with a clean conscience does not feel guilty because he has always tried to do what was right. Alternate translation: “knowing I have tried my hardest to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19	2TI	1	3	rz7s	figs-abstractnouns	ὡς ἀδιάλειπτον ἔχω τὴν περὶ σοῦ μνείαν	1	as I have constant remembrance of you in my prayers night and day	Paul speaks of the action of remembering by using the abstract noun remembrance. Your language may have a particular way of expressing this concept, such as with a verb. If so, you can use it in your translation. Alternative translation: “as I think about you constantly in my prayers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
20	2TI	1	3	p005	figs-yousingular	σοῦ	1	you	The word you is singular here and throughout the book, since Paul is addressing Timothy. A note will discuss the one exception in 4:22. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
21	2TI	1	3	pa6q	figs-merism	νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας	1	night and day	Here, night and day are used together to refer to all the time included in the night and day. Alternate translation: “always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
22	2TI	1	4	p006	figs-explicit	μεμνημένος σου τῶν δακρύων	1	remembering your tears	The implication is that Paul remembers how Timothy cried as Paul left the last time they were together. Alternate translation: “I remember how you cried when I left you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
23	2TI	1	4	kk82	figs-metonymy	σου τῶν δακρύων	1	your tears	Here, your tears refers to the act of Timothy’s crying. Alternate translation: “that you cried” or “your crying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24	2TI	1	4	gu8c	figs-metaphor	χαρᾶς πληρωθῶ	1	I may be filled with joy	Paul speaks of himself as if he were a container that someone could fill. Alternate translation: “I may be very joyful” or “I may rejoice a lot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25	2TI	1	4	p007	figs-activepassive	χαρᾶς πληρωθῶ	1	I may be filled with joy	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “joy may fill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
26	2TI	1	5	buc3	figs-abstractnouns	τῆς ἐν σοὶ ἀνυποκρίτου πίστεως	1	of the genuine faith in you	Paul refers to Timothy’s faith with an abstract noun. Your language may have a particular way of expressing this concept, such as with a verb. If so, you can use it in your translation. Alternate translation: “that you genuinely believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
27	2TI	1	5	p008	figs-metaphor	τῆς ἐν σοὶ ἀνυποκρίτου πίστεως	1	the genuine faith in you	Paul speaks of faith as if it were an object inside of Timothy. Alternate translation: “your genuine faith” or “your faith that is genuine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28	2TI	1	5	vgz2	figs-personification	πίστεως, ἥτις ἐνῴκησεν πρῶτον ἐν τῇ μάμμῃ σου, Λωΐδι, καὶ τῇ μητρί σου, Εὐνίκῃ; πέπεισμαι δὲ ὅτι καὶ ἐν σοί	1	faith, which dwelt first in your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice, and I am convinced that it is also in you	Paul is speaking of their faith as if it were something that was alive and lived in them. Alternate translation: “faith. Lois, your grandmother, and then Eunice, your mother, had this genuine faith in God, and now I am confident that you have this same genuine faith as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
29	2TI	1	5	l8wc	translate-names	Λωΐδι	1	Lois	This is the name of a woman, Timothy’s grandmother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
30	2TI	1	5	p009	translate-names	Εὐνίκῃ	1	Eunice	This is the name of a woman, Timothy’s mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
31	2TI	1	6	j58k		δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν	1	for which reason	Paul writes that the reason for asking Timothy to rekindle his gift is that he is confident of Timothy’s faith. Alternative translation: “for this reason” or “because of your faith in Jesus”
32	2TI	1	6	h6eq	figs-metaphor	ἀναζωπυρεῖν τὸ χάρισμα	1	rekindle the gift	Paul speaks about Timothy’s need to start using his gift again as if he were restarting a fire. Alternate translation: “be eager once more to use the gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
33	2TI	1	6	i977	translate-symaction	τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ διὰ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν μου	1	the gift of God that is in you through the laying on of my hands	Paul placed his hands on Timothy and prayed that God would give him power from God’s Spirit to enable him to do the work that God had called him to do. Then Timothy received the gift. Alternative translation: “the gift of God that you received when I prayed for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
34	2TI	1	6	p010	figs-metaphor	τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ διὰ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν μου	1	the gift of God that is in you through the laying on of my hands	Paul speaks of the gift as an object inside of Timothy. If the words that is in you do not clearly communicate in your language that Timothy received the gift, you could translate it with a verb that expressing the idea of giving or receiving. Alternative translation: “the gift of God that you received when I laid my hands on you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
35	2TI	1	7	h1z3		οὐ…ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ Θεὸς πνεῦμα δειλίας, ἀλλὰ δυνάμεως, καὶ ἀγάπης, καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ	1	God did not give us a spirit of fear, but of power, and of love, and of discipline	This could mean one of two things. (1) Spirit could refer to the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “God’s Holy Spirit does not cause us to be afraid. He causes us to have power and love and discipline” (2) Spirit could refer to the character of a human being. Alternate translation: “God does not cause us to be afraid but to have power and love and discipline”
36	2TI	1	7	p011	figs-abstractnouns	δυνάμεως, καὶ ἀγάπης, καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ	1	of power, and of love, and of discipline	Paul uses abstract nouns to refer to three things that Timothy should be able to do. Your language may have a particular way of expressing these concepts, such as with verbs. If so, you can use them in your translation. Alternate translation: “that gives us the ability to obey, to love, and to control ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
37	2TI	1	7	k6g7		σωφρονισμοῦ	1	discipline	The word discipline could mean one of two things. (1) Discipline could refer to self-control. Alternate translation: “the ability to control ourselves” (2) Discipline could refer to the power to control or even correct others. Alternate translation: “to control others”
38	2TI	1	8	fk9z	figs-metonymy	τὸ μαρτύριον	1	the testimony	Paul may be using the word testimony to refer to the activity of telling others about the Lord and not to the message itself. Alternative translation: “of testifying” or “of telling others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
39	2TI	1	8	blk9		τὸν δέσμιον αὐτοῦ	1	his prisoner	Paul is not being held prisoner by the Lord. He is a prisoner because he has testified about the Lord. Alternative translation: “a prisoner for his sake” or “a prisoner for the Lord”
40	2TI	1	8	ry82		συνκακοπάθησον τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ	1	suffer together for the gospel	The term together could mean one of two things. (1) It could mean for Timothy to suffer together with Paul. (2) It could mean for Timothy to suffer together with all Christians who suffer.
41	2TI	1	8	hi9a		τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ, κατὰ δύναμιν Θεοῦ	1	the gospel, according to the power of God	Paul is reminding Timothy that God provides people with power when they suffer. Alternate translation: “the gospel, allowing God to make you strong”
42	2TI	1	9	ld55	figs-metonymy	καλέσαντος κλήσει ἁγίᾳ	1	called us with a holy calling	Paul uses the expression with a holy calling to describe what results from the calling. The call produces holy people or people set apart for God. Alternate translation: “called with a calling that set us apart as holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
43	2TI	1	9	kyr5		ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν καὶ χάριν	1	but according to his own purpose and grace	Paul is saying that God saves because of his plan and grace. His plan includes showing grace or kindness through Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “but because he planned to show us kindness”
44	2TI	1	9	p012	figs-activepassive	καὶ χάριν, τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	and grace, which was given to us in Christ Jesus	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “and grace, which God gave to us in Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
45	2TI	1	9	pq1z		ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	in Christ Jesus	Paul explains that God planned to show kindness through faith in Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “through our relationship to Christ Jesus”
46	2TI	1	9	zq7m	figs-idiom	πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων	1	before eternal times	This is an idiom that indicates that God decided to save through faith in Christ before time and creation. Alternate translation: “before time began” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
47	2TI	1	10	h5e5	figs-metaphor	φανερωθεῖσαν δὲ νῦν, διὰ τῆς ἐπιφανείας τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	and which now has been revealed through the appearing of our Savior, Christ Jesus	Paul speaks of salvation as if it were an object that could be uncovered and shown to people through the arrival of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “which now has been shown” or “which now people can see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
48	2TI	1	10	p013	figs-activepassive	φανερωθεῖσαν δὲ νῦν	1	and which now has been revealed	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “which now God has revealed” or “which now God has shown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
49	2TI	1	10	i3wl	figs-metaphor	φωτίσαντος δὲ ζωὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου	1	brought to light life and immortality through the gospel	Paul refers to life and immortality as if they were objects that could be brought from darkness into light so that people could see them. He is figuratively speaking of revealing or making known. Alternate translation: “revealed life and immortality through the gospel” or “declared life and immortality through the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
50	2TI	1	11	tb9b	figs-activepassive	ἐτέθην ἐγὼ κῆρυξ	1	I was appointed a herald	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “God chose me to be a herald” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
51	2TI	1	11	p014	translate-unknown	κῆρυξ	1	a herald	A herald is someone who is sent out to announce a message. If your language does not have a similar term and your readers would not know what a herald is, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
52	2TI	1	11	p015	figs-metaphor	κῆρυξ	1	a herald	Paul compares himself to a herald because God has sent him out to announce the gospel message. Alternate translation: “a preacher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
53	2TI	1	12	j37g		δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν	1	for which reason	Paul provides the reason for his suffering by referring back to his status as an apostle. Alternate translation: “because I am an apostle”
54	2TI	1	12	y8l4	figs-explicit	καὶ ταῦτα πάσχω	1	I also suffer also these things	Paul does not mention the specific things he is suffering, but from the context of the letter, the implication is that he is referring to suffering as a prisoner. Alternate translation: “I also suffer as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
55	2TI	1	12	td39		πέπεισμαι	1	I am persuaded	Paul expresses that he is certain that God will make everything right in the end. Alternate translation: “I am sure”
56	2TI	1	12	p6pi	figs-metaphor	τὴν παραθήκην μου φυλάξαι	1	to guard my deposit	Paul is using a metaphor of a person leaving something with another person who is supposed to protect it until he gives it back to the first person. This could mean one of two things. (1) Paul is trusting Jesus to help him remain faithful. Alternate translation: “to help me keep preaching his message” (2) Paul is trusting Jesus to preserve everything he has entrusted to him. Alternate translation: “to protect everything I have invested in serving him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
57	2TI	1	12	qcu3	figs-explicit	ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν	1	that day	This refers to the day when Jesus returns for judgment. Alternate translation: “the day of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
58	2TI	1	13	h1qd	figs-metonymy	ὑγιαινόντων λόγων	1	the healthy words	Paul wants Timothy to teach the things that he taught and thereby follow his example. The expression the healthy words figuratively means “the correct message” by association, since a healthy mind would recognize that the correct message was reasonable. Alternate translation: “the correct message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
59	2TI	1	13	p016	figs-metonymy	ὑγιαινόντων λόγων	1	the healthy words	Paul uses the term words figuratively to describe the expression in words of what Christians genuinely believe. Alternate translation: “the correct message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
60	2TI	1	13	p017	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν πίστει καὶ ἀγάπῃ τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	in the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus	Paul uses two abstract nouns, faith and love, to refer to actions that Timothy should do. Your language may have a particular way of expressing these concepts, such as with a verb. If so, you can use it in your translation. Alternate translation: “trusting in Christ Jesus and loving others because you belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
61	2TI	1	13	b2ld		ἐν πίστει καὶ ἀγάπῃ τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	in the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus	Here, love could mean one of two things. (1) The love that Timothy should show others. Alternate translation: “trusting in Christ Jesus and loving others because you belong to him” (2) The love that Timothy should show to God. Alternate translation: “trusting in Christ Jesus and loving him”
62	2TI	1	14	i5g5	figs-explicit	τὴν καλὴν παραθήκην φύλαξον	1	Guard the good deposit	This refers to the gospel message that God has entrusted to Timothy to share with his people. Alternate translation: “the good message entrusted to you for God’s people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
63	2TI	1	14	cb5q	figs-explicit	φύλαξον	1	guard	Timothy needs to be alert to protect the gospel message because people will oppose him and try to distort what he says and teaches. Alternate translation: “protect … against those who will try to distort it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
64	2TI	1	14	a3v2		διὰ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου	1	through the Holy Spirit	Paul reminds Timothy that the Holy Spirit will help him. Alternate translation: “with the Holy Spirit’s help”
65	2TI	1	15	p018	figs-hyperbole	πάντες οἱ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ	1	all who are in Asia	The word all could mean one of two things. (1) Paul could have used the word all to mean “many, but not all” in the strict sense, since Timothy and Onesiphorus did not turn away from him. So this would be an example of hyperbole. (2) Paul could have used the word all to refer to the men who came to Rome with him from Asia Minor. Alternate translation: “all who came with me from Asia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
66	2TI	1	15	p019	translate-names	Ἀσίᾳ	1	Asia	This is the name of a region, Asia Minor or modern-day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
67	2TI	1	15	p6f4	figs-metaphor	ἀπεστράφησάν με	1	turned away from me	This is a metaphor that means they left Paul and stopped helping him. Alternate translation: “have deserted me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
68	2TI	1	15	p020	figs-explicit	ἀπεστράφησάν με	1	turned away from me	Paul assumes that Timothy would know that the believers from Asia had abandoned him because the authorities had thrown him into prison. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “have deserted me because I am in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
69	2TI	1	15	x6cc	translate-names	Φύγελος	1	Phygelus	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
70	2TI	1	15	p021	translate-names	Ἑρμογένης	1	Hermogenes	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
71	2TI	1	16	e6hl	translate-names	Ὀνησιφόρου	1	Onesiphorus	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
72	2TI	1	16	zz44	figs-metonymy	τῷ Ὀνησιφόρου οἴκῳ	1	to the household of Onesiphorus	The word household refers to Onesiphorus and all the people in his family, possibly even his servants. Alternate translation: “to Onesiphorus and everyone who lives with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
73	2TI	1	16	td1q	figs-metonymy	τὴν ἅλυσίν μου οὐκ ἐπησχύνθη	1	not ashamed of my chain	The word chain refers to being in prison. Onesiphorus was not ashamed that Paul was in prison but came to visit him frequently. Alternate translation: “was not ashamed of my imprisonment” or “was not ashamed of my being in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
74	2TI	1	17	p022	translate-names	Ῥώμῃ	1	Rome	This is the name of a city, the capital of the Roman Empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
75	2TI	1	17	p023	figs-hendiadys	ἐζήτησέν με καὶ εὗρεν	1	sought me and found	The two actions, sought and found, are not two separate actions, but they express the single idea that Onesiphorus diligently did something to completion. Alternate translation: “he sought me until he found me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
76	2TI	1	18	p3di		δῴη αὐτῷ ὁ Κύριος, εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ Κυρίου	1	May the Lord grant to him to find mercy from the Lord	Paul is asking for the Lord to grant mercy to Onesiphorus. Your language may require you to use the name “Onesiphorus” instead of the pronoun him to make it clear who is receiving mercy. Alternative translation: “May Onesiphorus receive mercy from the Lord”
77	2TI	1	18	x2dk	figs-metaphor	εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ Κυρίου	1	to find mercy from the Lord	Paul speaks of mercy as if it were an object that could be found. Paul is expressing his desire that God show mercy on the day of judgment. Alternate translation: “to receive mercy from the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
78	2TI	1	18	f3ep	figs-explicit	ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ	1	in that day	The expression that day refers to the day when God will judge all people; they will find mercy, as Paul mentions, or wrath. Alternate translation: “on the day of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
79	2TI	1	18	p024	translate-names	Ἐφέσῳ	1	Ephesus	This is the name of a city, the place where Timothy, the recipient of the letter, is located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
80	2TI	1	18	p025	figs-explicit	διηκόνησεν, βέλτιον σὺ γινώσκεις	1	he served me, you know very well	Paul is reminding Timothy that Onesiphorus helped him earlier, in Ephesus. So, Paul is asking the Lord to bless Onesiphorus because he helped Paul several times. Alternate translation: “you know well how he helped me earlier when I was in Ephesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
81	2TI	2	intro	k3zn			0		2 Timothy 02 General Notes Structure and formatting In verses 11b-13, Paul may be quoting a poem or hymn. To show the reader that this may be a quotation, in your translation you may choose to set these verses farther to the right than the other verses in the chapter. Special concepts in this chapter We will reign with him Faithful Christians will reign with Christ in the future. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Analogies In this chapter, Paul makes several analogies to teach about living as a Christian. He uses analogies of soldiers, athletes, and farmers. Later in the chapter, he uses the analogy of different kinds of containers in a house.
82	2TI	2	1	bll5	figs-metaphor	τέκνον μου	1	my child	Here, child is a term of great love and approval. It is also likely that Paul introduced Timothy to Christ, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. Alternate translation: “who is like my child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
83	2TI	2	1	p026	figs-activepassive	ἐνδυναμοῦ	1	be strengthened	You could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “let God make you strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
84	2TI	2	1	e6ex	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν τῇ χάριτι τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	in the grace that is in Christ Jesus	Paul wants Timothy to experience the strength that God provides through his grace or kindness and that believers experience through knowing Jesus Christ. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun grace with an adjective. Alternate translation: “as Christ Jesus shows you kindness through your relationship to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
85	2TI	2	2	ig9v	figs-explicit	διὰ πολλῶν μαρτύρων	1	in the presence of many witnesses	Paul is referring to teaching in a public setting with others present. The implication is that those others could testify as to what he taught. Alternate translation: “in the presence of people who can testify to what I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
86	2TI	2	2	kv1m	figs-metaphor	ταῦτα παράθου πιστοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1	entrust these things to faithful men	Paul speaks of his instructions to Timothy as if they were objects that Timothy could give to other people and trust them to use correctly. Alternate translation: “commit them” or “teach them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
87	2TI	2	2	p027	figs-gendernotations	ἀνθρώποις	1	men	Paul uses the term men in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
88	2TI	2	3	yc1j	figs-explicit	συνκακοπάθησον	1	suffer together	The term together could mean one of two things. (1) It could mean for Timothy to suffer together with Paul. Alternate translation: “suffer together with me” (2) It could mean for Timothy to suffer together with all Christians who suffer. Alternate translation: “suffer together with all believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
89	2TI	2	3	juu2	figs-metaphor	ὡς καλὸς στρατιώτης Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	as a good soldier of Jesus Christ	Paul compares suffering for Christ Jesus to the suffering that a good soldier endures. Alternate translation: “as if you were a soldier and Jesus Christ were your commander” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90	2TI	2	4	a4x7	figs-metaphor	οὐδεὶς στρατευόμενος ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις	1	No one serving as a soldier gets entangled in the affairs of life	To help Timothy understand something important about following Jesus, Paul introduces the metaphor of a soldier who has to decide between pleasing his leader or pleasing those outside the army. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this. Alternate translation: “consider that no dedicated soldier allows the affairs of life to distract him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
91	2TI	2	4	p7n5	figs-metaphor	ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις	1	gets entangled in the affairs of life	Paul speaks of being involved in other matters as if they were a net that trapped people and kept them from being able to move freely. Alternate translation: “allows the affairs of life to distract him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
92	2TI	2	4	p028	figs-activepassive	ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις	1	gets entangled in the affairs of life	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “allows the affairs of life to distract him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
93	2TI	2	4	p029	figs-explicit	ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις	1	the affairs of life	By life, Paul means, in the context of this metaphor, “civilian life.” The implication is that Timothy and all believers should not allow competing concerns to keep them from serving Christ. Alternate translation: “everyday life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
94	2TI	2	4	d2lg		τῷ στρατολογήσαντι	1	the one who enlisted him	Alternate translation: “his leader” or “the one who commands him”
95	2TI	2	5	d483	figs-metaphor	ἐὰν…ἀθλῇ τις, οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ	1	if anyone competes, he is not crowned if he has not competed lawfully	To help Timothy understand something important about following Jesus, Paul introduces the metaphor of an athlete who has to decide between competing lawfully or not lawfully. The athlete will only receive the crown given to the winner if he competes lawfully. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this directly. Alternate translation: “consider that the officials only crown an athlete as the winner if he competes according to the rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
96	2TI	2	5	p031	figs-hypo	ἐὰν…ἀθλῇ τις, οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ	1	if anyone competes, he is not crowned if he has not competed lawfully	Paul is also using a hypothetical situation to teach Timothy. Alternate translation: “suppose an athlete did not compete by the rules. Then he would not be crowned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
97	2TI	2	5	p032		ἐὰν…ἀθλῇ τις	1	if anyone competes	This expression has a specific meaning. Alternate translation: “if an athlete competes in an event”
98	2TI	2	5	xbn6	figs-doublenegatives	οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ	1	he is not crowned if he has not competed lawfully	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this double negative as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “the officials will only crown him if he competes by the rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
99	2TI	2	5	p033	figs-activepassive	οὐ στεφανοῦται	1	he is not crowned	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “the officials will not crown him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
100	2TI	2	5	p034	figs-explicit	οὐ στεφανοῦται	1	he is not crowned	Paul assumes that Timothy will know that in this culture crowning indicated the winner of a competition. Alternate translation: “the officials will not crown him as the winner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
101	2TI	2	5	lea8	translate-unknown	οὐ στεφανοῦται	1	he is not crowned	In Paul’s time, when athletes won competitions, they were crowned with wreaths made from the leaves of plants. You can express this idea in your translation by referring to the comparable custom in your own culture, or by using a general expression. Alternate translation: “the officials will not give him an award” or “the officials will not declare him to be the winner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
102	2TI	2	5	reg6	figs-explicit	νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ	1	he has competed lawfully	Paul is referring to the rules that governed a competition. The athletes had to obey the rules or they would be removed from the competition and not have an opportunity to win. Paul is implicitly encouraging Timothy to serve Christ lawfully. Alternate translation: “he competes according to the rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
103	2TI	2	6	wz35	figs-metaphor	τὸν κοπιῶντα γεωργὸν δεῖ πρῶτον τῶν καρπῶν μεταλαμβάνειν	1	The hardworking farmer ought to be first to receive of the crops	To help Timothy understand something important about following Jesus, Paul introduces the metaphor of a farmer who has to decide between working hard or not working hard. The farmer will receive a share of the harvest if he is working hard. Paul is encouraging Timothy to work hard in his service to Christ. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this directly. Alternate translation: “consider that a farmer who works hard should receive a share of the crops before anyone else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104	2TI	2	6	p035	figs-explicit	πρῶτον τῶν καρπῶν μεταλαμβάνειν	1	first to receive of the crops	The farmer is working with other farmers and will receive a part of the crop at the time of harvest. If he works hard, he should receive before the others. It is implied that receiving first is best, possibly because the quality of the crop is better. Alternate translation: “receive the best share of the crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
105	2TI	2	7	bdk9	figs-explicit	νόει ὃ λέγω, δώσει γάρ σοι ὁ Κύριος σύνεσιν	1	Think about what I am saying, for the Lord will give you understanding	Paul gave Timothy three metaphors, but he did not completely explain their implications. He expected Timothy to figure out, with God’s help, what he was saying about Christ’s servants. Alternate translation: “you will have to think carefully about what I have just told you to understand it completely, but you can depend on God to help you do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
106	2TI	2	7	p036	figs-metonymy	ὃ λέγω	1	what I am saying	Paul refers to what he has just written in his letter with the verb saying to express the idea of communicating. Alternate translation: “what I have just told you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
107	2TI	2	7	a22q	figs-explicit	ἐν πᾶσιν	1	in everything	This could mean one of two things. (1) God will give Timothy understanding about everything related to the three metaphors. Alternate translation: “about everything I just said” or “about all I said” (2) God will give Timothy understanding about everything related to being a good servant of Christ. Alternate translation: “about everything a good servant needs to understand” or “about all you need to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
108	2TI	2	8	mh1k	figs-metaphor	ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυείδ	1	from the seed of David	The phrase from the seed of refers figuratively to Jesus being descended from King David. Alternate translation: “who is a descendant of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
109	2TI	2	8	p037	translate-names	Δαυείδ	1	David	This is the name of a man, a great king of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
110	2TI	2	8	wt31	figs-idiom	ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	raised from the dead	The expression raise from the dead is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “whom God caused to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
111	2TI	2	8	p038	figs-activepassive	ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	raised from the dead	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “whom God raised from the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
112	2TI	2	8	s4vh		κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου	1	according to my gospel	The term my conveys the idea that it is the gospel associated with Paul because he preaches it. Alternate translation: “according to the gospel message that I preach”
113	2TI	2	9	t2ax	figs-metonymy	μέχρι δεσμῶν	1	unto chains	Paul uses the expression unto chains figuratively to express how far his suffering has gone: from being beaten, to being arrested, to being in chains in prison. Alternate translation: “to the point of being imprisoned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
114	2TI	2	9	p039	figs-simile	ὡς κακοῦργος	1	like a criminal	Paul compares his situation to the shameful one that a person would be in who had actually committed a crime. Alternate translation: “as if I were a criminal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
115	2TI	2	9	pc6t	figs-metaphor	ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται	1	the word of God is not bound	Here, bound means being held in chains as a prisoner, referring to Paul’s condition. Paul contrasts himself, an actual prisoner, with God’s message, which can never be held prisoner. Alternate translation: “nothing is holding back the message from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
116	2TI	2	9	p040	figs-activepassive	ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται	1	the word of God is not bound	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this idea. Alternate translation: “nothing is holding back the message from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
117	2TI	2	9	p041	figs-metonymy	ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the word of God	Paul uses the term word figuratively to describe the message from God that he and others are communicating with words. Alternate translation: “the message from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
118	2TI	2	10	p042	figs-hyperbole	πάντα ὑπομένω	1	I endure all things	Here the term all is a generalization that likely refers to the sufferings that Paul describes in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “I endure all of these sufferings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
119	2TI	2	10	aa1x	figs-nominaladj	διὰ τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς	1	for the chosen	The term chosen is an adjective that functions as a noun here and refers to a group of people. If your language would not use an adjective in that way, you can translate this term with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “for the people whom God has chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
120	2TI	2	10	j2bk		σωτηρίας τύχωσιν τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	obtain the salvation that is in Christ Jesus	The phrase obtain the salvation could also be expressed with Christ Jesus, who grants salvation, as the subject. Alternate translation: “Christ Jesus may grant them salvation”
121	2TI	2	10	p043	figs-abstractnouns	σωτηρίας τύχωσιν τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	obtain the salvation that is in Christ Jesus	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun salvation with a verb. Alternate translation: “Christ Jesus may save them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
122	2TI	2	10	el68	figs-abstractnouns	μετὰ δόξης αἰωνίου	1	with eternal glory	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun glory with an adjective. This could mean one of two things. (1) God will give his people a glorious place to live in that will last forever. Alternate translation: “and they will be in a glorious place with him forever” (2) God will allow his people to experience a glorious condition or body that will last forever. Alternate translation: “and they will have a glorious body forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
123	2TI	2	11	nr7u		πιστὸς ὁ λόγος	1	This word is trustworthy	In this context, the term word has a specific meaning. Alternate translation: “this statement is dependable”
124	2TI	2	11	p044		πιστὸς ὁ λόγος	1	This word is trustworthy	You could represent the meaning of the adjective trustworthy with an active verb, if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “you can trust this statement”
125	2TI	2	11	p045	figs-quotemarks	πιστὸς ὁ λόγος	1	This word is trustworthy	Paul uses this phrase to introduce a direct quotation. The words that follow in the rest of this verse and in 2:12 and 2:13 are a poem or hymn that expresses the message that Paul says is trustworthy. It may be helpful to your readers if you indicate this by marking these words as a direct quotation or by setting them farther to the right, as the General Notes at the beginning of this chapter suggest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
126	2TI	2	11	g6e4	writing-poetry	εἰ γὰρ συναπεθάνομεν, καὶ συνζήσομεν	1	For if we died with him, we will also live with him	This is the beginning of a poem or hymn that Paul is probably quoting. If your language has a way of indicating that this is poetry, such as by setting individual phrases on separate lines, you could use it here and in 2:12 and 2:13. If not, you could translate this material as regular prose rather than as poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
127	2TI	2	11	in38	figs-metaphor	εἰ…συναπεθάνομεν	1	if we died with him	Paul is speaking figuratively since he and Timothy and other believers who should trust this statement have not actually died. This could mean one of two things. (1) Paul could be referring to the way that believers identify with Jesus’ death when they trust him for salvation. Alternate translation: “if we have identified with Jesus’ death for us” (2) Paul could be referring to the way that people who believe in Jesus may suffer for him, possibly to the point of dying for him. Alternate translation: “if we are prepared to die for Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
128	2TI	2	11	p046	figs-metaphor	καὶ συνζήσομεν	1	we will also live with him	If died is figurative, then Paul may intend the term live in a figurative sense as well. If so, it could mean one of two things. (1) If died refers to the way that believers identify with Jesus’ death, then live may refer to how they will act as a result. Alternate translation: “we will not pursue our own desires, instead we will do what Jesus wants us to do” (2) If died refers to being prepared to die for Jesus, then live may refer to life after death. Alternate translation: “God will raise us from the dead as he raised Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
129	2TI	2	12	p047	figs-metaphor	συνβασιλεύσομεν	1	we will reign with him	Paul uses the expression reign to refer figuratively to the reward of obedience on earth, which is eternal life. In the eternal state, believers actually will reign with Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “we will have eternal life with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
130	2TI	2	12	p048		εἰ ἀρνησόμεθα	1	if we deny him	Paul uses the term deny to refer to the action of believers saying that they do not know Jesus Christ during this present life. Alternate translation: “if we say now that we do not know him”
131	2TI	2	12	p049		κἀκεῖνος ἀρνήσεται ἡμᾶς	1	he also will deny us	Paul uses deny to refer to the action of Jesus Christ on the day of final judgment. Jesus will either receive a faithful believer or reject those who are not true followers. Alternate translation: “he will reject us on the day of judgment”
132	2TI	2	13	ke4w		εἰ ἀπιστοῦμεν	1	if we are unfaithful	Paul uses the word unfaithful to express the idea that believers do not continue to obey but rather disobey. Alternate translation: “if we disobey Jesus” or “if we do not do what Jesus wants us to do”
133	2TI	2	13	p050	figs-explicit	ἐκεῖνος πιστὸς μένει	1	he remains faithful	This could mean one of two things. Alternate translation: (1) “he remains true to himself” (2) “he remains faithful to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
134	2TI	2	13	ihd4		ἀρνήσασθαι…ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται	1	he is not able to deny himself	Paul states that Jesus is not able to deny himself, meaning that Jesus is not able to go against his character and will remain true to what he said he would do. Alternate translation: “he must always act according to his character”
135	2TI	2	14	u661		ὑπομίμνῃσκε	1	remind them	The word them, which is implicit in the Greek verb, probably refers to the people that Timothy has responsibility over. Alternate translation: “remind the people there”
136	2TI	2	14	p051	figs-metaphor	ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	before God	Paul uses the expression before God, which means “in front of God,” to mean “where God can see.” Seeing, in turn, figuratively means attention and judgment. Alternate translation: “as God is watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
137	2TI	2	14	r5lq	figs-explicit	ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	before God	The implication is that Paul is telling Timothy to tell the believers, when he gives them this command, that God will be watching what they do. Alternate translation: “with God as their witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
138	2TI	2	14	g6p7	figs-metaphor	μὴ λογομαχεῖν	1	not to battle about words	Paul uses the term battle figuratively to describe arguments. This could mean one of two things. (1) The believers are not to argue about foolish things that people say. Alternate translation: “not to fight about foolish comments” (2) The believers are not to argue about what words mean. Alternate translation: “not to fight about the meanings of words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
139	2TI	2	14	rke6		ἐπ’ οὐδὲν χρήσιμον	1	it is useful for nothing	Paul adds that battling about words has no benefit for those involved. Alternate translation: “it does not benefit anyone”
140	2TI	2	15	m3vy		σεαυτὸν, δόκιμον παραστῆσαι τῷ Θεῷ, ἐργάτην ἀνεπαίσχυντον	1	to present yourself approved to God, a worker not ashamed	Alternate translation: “do your best to please God and to seek God’s approval”
141	2TI	2	15	rj6y	figs-metaphor	ἐργάτην	1	a worker	Paul says figuratively that Timothy will be a skilled workman if he correctly teaches God’s word. Alternate translation: “like a craftsman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
142	2TI	2	15	xgz9	figs-metaphor	ὀρθοτομοῦντα τὸν λόγος τῆς ἀληθείας	1	cutting the word of truth straight	Paul refers figuratively to the word of truth as if it were a path that someone was cutting through difficult terrain. When such a path is straight, travelers can follow it directly to their destination. By contrast, the useless discussions that Paul describes in 2:14 and 2:16 would be needless detours in terms of this same metaphor. Alternate translation: “show people how to follow the Scriptures directly” or “teach the Scriptures correctly so that people can follow them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
143	2TI	2	15	p052	figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγος τῆς ἀληθείας	1	the word of truth	Paul uses the term word figuratively to refer to something that is expressed in words. This could mean one of two things. (1) It could refer to the message that Timothy is to teach. Alternate translation: “the true message” (2) It could refer to the Scriptures. Alternate translation: “the true things that God has said in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
144	2TI	2	15	p053	figs-abstractnouns	τὸν λόγος τῆς ἀληθείας	1	the word of truth	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun truth with an adjective. Alternate translation: “the true message” or “the true things that God has said in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
145	2TI	2	16	e27q	figs-metaphor	ἐπὶ πλεῖον…προκόψουσιν ἀσεβείας	1	for they will advance into greater ungodliness	Paul speaks of these discussions figuratively as if they could physically progress in a certain direction, and he speaks of godlessness as that direction. Paul is figuratively describing the effect that these discussions have on people. Alternate translation: “because they cause people to become more and more ungodly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
146	2TI	2	17	i73t	figs-simile	ὁ λόγος αὐτῶν ὡς γάγγραινα νομὴν ἕξει	1	their word will have a spreading like gangrene	This is a simile. It means that what the people who were taking part in empty discussions were saying would spread from person to person and harm the faith of those who heard it. Alternate translation: “what people who take part in these discussions say will spread quickly and cause destruction like an infectious disease” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
147	2TI	2	17	p054	figs-metonymy	ὁ λόγος αὐτῶν	1	their word	Paul uses the term word figuratively to refer to something that is expressed in words. Alternate translation: “what people who take part in these discussions say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
148	2TI	2	17	p055	translate-unknown	ὡς γάγγραινα	1	like gangrene	Gangrene is type of tissue death caused by infection or lack of blood circulation. It quickly spreads in a person’s body and can lead to death. If your readers would not know what gangrene is, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “like an infectious disease” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
149	2TI	2	17	p056		ὧν ἐστιν Ὑμέναιος, καὶ Φίλητος	1	among whom are Hymenaeus and Philetus	Paul gives Timothy the names of two men who are examples of ungodliness and foolish talk. To make the relationship between these names and the preceding their word clear in your language, you may have to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “Hymeneus and Philetus are such people”
150	2TI	2	17	x2k6	translate-names	Ὑμέναιος, καὶ Φίλητος	1	Hymenaeus and Philetus	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
151	2TI	2	18	fi9z	figs-metaphor	οἵτινες περὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἠστόχησαν	1	who have missed the mark regarding the truth	Paul uses this expression to speak figuratively of faith in Christ as if it were a target at which people should aim. Those who have missed the mark no longer believe or teach what is true. Alternate translation: “who have started saying things that are not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
152	2TI	2	18	p057	figs-abstractnouns	οἵτινες περὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἠστόχησαν	1	who have missed the mark regarding the truth	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun truth with an adjective. Alternate translation: “who have started saying things that are not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
153	2TI	2	18	pu22	figs-abstractnouns	ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι	1	the resurrection has already happened	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun resurrection with an equivalent expression. Alternative translation: “God has already raised the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
154	2TI	2	18	ura5	figs-metaphor	ἀνατρέπουσιν τήν τινων πίστιν	1	who are destroying the faith of some	Paul refers to faith as though it were an object that could be destroyed. Alternate translation: “they are causing some people to stop believing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
155	2TI	2	19	ir1z	figs-metaphor	ὁ…στερεὸς θεμέλιος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἕστηκεν	1	the firm foundation of God stands	Paul uses the image of the foundation of a building to explain that even though a destructive message has been destroying the faith of some people, God has nevertheless given people who want to continue in the faith a safe and secure “place to stand,” as it were. Alternate translation: “God has provided a secure basis for people to continue to believe in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
156	2TI	2	19	p058	figs-metonymy	ἔχων τὴν σφραγῖδα ταύτην	1	having this seal	Paul speaks figuratively of the inscription on this foundation as if it were a seal, since seals on the outside of documents often bore inscriptions describing their contents. Alternate translation: “having this inscription” or “which can be described in this way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
157	2TI	2	19	p059	figs-quotemarks	ἔχων τὴν σφραγῖδα ταύτην	1	having this seal	Paul uses this phrase to introduce two direct quotations. The statements that follow in the rest of this verse describe two aspects of the basis that God has provided for people to continue to believe in him. It may be helpful to your readers if you indicate this by marking these statements as quotations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
158	2TI	2	19	nd7t	figs-idiom	ὁ ὀνομάζων τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου	1	who names the name of the Lord	The expression names the name of the Lord is an idiom that refers to saying the name of the Lord in order to declare that one belongs to him. Alternate translation: “who says he believes in the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
159	2TI	2	19	y3bc	figs-abstractnouns	ἀποστήτω ἀπὸ ἀδικίας	1	must abstain from unrighteousness	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun unrighteousness with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “must stop doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
160	2TI	2	20	p060	figs-metaphor	ἐν μεγάλῃ δὲ οἰκίᾳ, οὐκ ἔστιν μόνον σκεύη χρυσᾶ καὶ ἀργυρᾶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ξύλινα καὶ ὀστράκινα	1	Now in a great house, there are not only gold and silver containers, but also wood and clay	To help Timothy understand something important about following Jesus, Paul introduces the metaphor of the containers that are in the home of a wealthy person. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this. Alternate translation: “Consider that in the home of a wealthy person, there are containers made of gold and silver, and there are also containers made of wood and clay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
161	2TI	2	20	p061	figs-ellipsis	ἀλλὰ καὶ ξύλινα καὶ ὀστράκινα	1	but also wood and clay	Paul leaves out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “and there are also containers made of wood and clay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
162	2TI	2	20	j75l		σκεύη	1	containers	The word container is a general term for items used to hold food or drink. If your language does not have a general word, you can use a specific word such as “bowl” or “pot.”
163	2TI	2	20	mt5e	figs-abstractnouns	ἃ μὲν εἰς τιμὴν, ἃ δὲ εἰς ἀτιμίαν	1	both some for honor and some for dishonor	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns honor and dishonor with equivalent phrases. This could mean one of two things. (1) Alternate translation: “dishes both for special occasions and for ordinary times” (2) Alternate translation: “dishes both for use in public and for use in private” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
164	2TI	2	21	jm3p	figs-metaphor	ἐκκαθάρῃ ἑαυτὸν ἀπὸ τούτων	1	has cleansed himself from these	Paul speaks figuratively of a person washing himself to indicate giving up certain associations or activities. This could mean one of two things. (1) The word these could refer to the false teachers who are destroying the faith of some people. Alternate translation: “these false teachers” (2) The word these could refer to the quarrelling and false teaching that Paul has warned Timothy about. Alternate translation: “these ungodly actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
165	2TI	2	21	g79f	figs-metaphor	ἔσται σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν	1	he will be a container for honor	Paul speaks figuratively of a person who has given up these associations or activities as if he were a particular kind of container. Alternate translation: “he will be like a dish for special occasions” or “he will be like a dish for use in public” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
166	2TI	2	21	p062	figs-explicit	ἔσται σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν	1	he will be a container for honor	The implication is that God will be able to give important assignments to a person who is free from wrong associations or activities. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he will be someone to whom God can give important assignments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
167	2TI	2	21	mh63		ἡγιασμένον εὔχρηστον τῷ Δεσπότῃ, εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἡτοιμασμένον	1	having been sanctified, useful to the Master, having been prepared for every good work	These three expressions could relate in one of two ways to the phrase he will be a container for honor. (1) They could be a further description of such a person. Alternate translation: “someone who is sanctified, useful to the Master, and ready for every good work” (2) They could be explaining the reason why the person is ready for honorable use. Alternate translation: “because he is sanctified, because he is useful to the Master, and because he is ready for every good work”
168	2TI	2	21	p063	figs-activepassive	ἡγιασμένον	1	having been sanctified	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “whom God has set apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
169	2TI	2	21	nl5d	figs-metaphor	ἡγιασμένον	1	having been sanctified	If this phrase is continuing the metaphor of objects in a house, then Paul is referring to a person who is free from wrong associations or activities as if he were a precious object whose owner keeps it in a special place. Whether this phrase is continuing the metaphor or not, it still expresses the idea of being “dedicated” for a special purpose. Alternate translation: “whom God has set apart for a special purpose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
170	2TI	2	21	p064	figs-metaphor	εὔχρηστον τῷ Δεσπότῃ	1	useful to the Master	In the context of the metaphor of the house, Paul speaks of God figuratively as the head of the household. Alternate translation: “useful to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
171	2TI	2	21	p065	figs-activepassive	εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἡτοιμασμένον	1	having been prepared for every good work	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “who has gotten ready to do any good work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
172	2TI	2	22	h9p6	figs-metaphor	τὰς…νεωτερικὰς ἐπιθυμίας φεῦγε	1	flee youthful lusts	Paul speaks about youthful desires as if they were a dangerous person or animal that Timothy should run away from. Alternate translation: “control your youthful desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
173	2TI	2	22	p066	figs-metonymy	τὰς…νεωτερικὰς ἐπιθυμίας φεῦγε	1	flee youthful lusts	Paul speaks figuratively of immoral activities by association with the desires that lead a person to engage in them. Alternate translation: “refuse to do the wrong things that young people want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
174	2TI	2	22	srb7	figs-metaphor	δίωκε δὲ δικαιοσύνην, πίστιν, ἀγάπην, εἰρήνην	1	and pursue righteousness, faith, love, and peace	Paul is using the verb pursue in contrast to flee. He speaks of these positive things as if Timothy should run towards them because they will do him good. Alternate translation: “be eager to do what is right, to believe in God, to love other people, and to live peacefully with other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
175	2TI	2	22	p067	figs-abstractnouns	δικαιοσύνην, πίστιν, ἀγάπην, εἰρήνην	1	righteousness, faith, love, and peace	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns righteousness, faith, love, and peace with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “do what is right, believe in God, love other people, and live peacefully with other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
176	2TI	2	22	hg99		μετὰ τῶν ἐπικαλουμένων τὸν Κύριον ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας	1	with those who call on the Lord from a clean heart	This likely means that Paul wants Timothy to pursue these positive things together with others who are sincere in their faith. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could put this phrase at the beginning of Paul’s command to Timothy, before pursue. Alternate translation: “together with those who worship the Lord with sincere intentions”
177	2TI	2	22	gl3q	figs-idiom	τῶν ἐπικαλουμένων τὸν Κύριον	1	those who call on the Lord	The expression call on the Lord is an idiom that means to trust and worship the Lord. Alternate translation: “those who worship the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
178	2TI	2	22	p068	figs-metonymy	ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας	1	from a clean heart	Paul uses a physical part of the body, the heart, figuratively to represent the intentions and desires of a person. Alternate translation: “with sincere intentions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
179	2TI	2	22	b2ti	figs-metaphor	ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας	1	from a clean heart	Paul uses the word clean to describe the intentions or thoughts of a person as though they were an object that could be made clean. Alternate translation: “with sincere intentions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
180	2TI	2	23	tmf7	figs-metonymy	τὰς…μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους ζητήσεις παραιτοῦ	1	avoid foolish and ignorant questions	Paul refers to certain kinds of discussions figuratively by association with the questions people might ask that would lead to these discussions. Alternate translation: “do not become involved in foolish and ignorant discussions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
181	2TI	2	23	p069	figs-doublet	μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους ζητήσεις	1	foolish and ignorant questions	Paul may be using the words foolish and ignorant together to emphasize a single idea. Alternate translation: “stupid questions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
182	2TI	2	23	kh6p	figs-metaphor	γεννῶσι μάχας	1	they give birth to battles	Paul speaks of the questions figuratively as if they were women giving birth to children. Alternate translation: “they cause arguments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
183	2TI	2	23	p070	figs-metaphor	μάχας	1	battles	Paul uses the term battle figuratively to describe arguments. Alternate translation: “they cause arguments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
184	2TI	2	24	p071	figs-metaphor	δοῦλον…Κυρίου	1	the servant of the Lord	Paul is using the expression servant of the Lord figuratively to refer to leaders in the church, including Timothy, who teach and must interact with the quarrelsome teachers who challenge their authority and the truth. Alternate translation: “a leader in the church” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
185	2TI	2	24	p072	figs-metaphor	οὐ δεῖ μάχεσθαι	1	must not battle	Paul uses the term battle figuratively to describe arguments. Alternate translation: “must not argue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
186	2TI	2	25	un9l	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν πραΰτητι	1	in meekness	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun meekness in this expression with an adverb. Alternate translation: “meekly” or “gently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
187	2TI	2	25	u6rp		παιδεύοντα	1	educating	Paul presents this as the godly response to quarrels. This term can mean “teach” or “correct.” Alternate translation: “teaching” or “correcting”
188	2TI	2	25	jt1r	figs-metaphor	μήποτε δώῃ αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεὸς μετάνοιαν	1	God may perhaps give them repentance	Paul speaks of repentance as if it were an object that God could give people. Alternate translation: “God may cause them to repent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
189	2TI	2	25	u8dy		εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας	1	for the knowledge of the truth	Paul speaks of the result of repentance as knowing the truth. Alternate translation: “so that they will know the truth”
190	2TI	2	26	p073	figs-ellipsis	ἀνανήψωσιν ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος	1	they may become sober again from the trap of the devil	As Paul moves from one metaphor into another, he leaves out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “they may become sober again and escape from the trap of the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
191	2TI	2	26	ef3q	figs-metaphor	ἀνανήψωσιν	1	they may become sober again	Paul speaks of sinners learning to think correctly about God as if they were drunk people becoming sober again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
192	2TI	2	26	mql8	figs-metaphor	ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος	1	from the trap of the devil	Paul refers to the deception of the devil as a physical trap that sinners are captured in. Alternate translation: “and escape from the devil’s deception” or “and reject the devil’s deception” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
193	2TI	2	26	p074	figs-activepassive	ἐζωγρημένοι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα	1	having been captured by him for his will	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “after the devil has captured them and made them do what he wanted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
194	2TI	2	26	dj4j	figs-metaphor	ἐζωγρημένοι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα	1	having been captured by him for his will	Paul speaks of the devil’s deception as if the devil had physically captured them and made them do what he wanted. Alternate translation: “after the devil has deceived them and made them do what he wanted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
195	2TI	3	intro	k2cr			0		2 Timothy 03 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Some scholars understand the last days to mean a time in the future just before Jesus returns. If that is the meaning, then Paul is prophesying in verses 1-9 and 13 about those days. Other scholars understand the last days to mean the Christian age, including Paul’s time. If so, then what Paul teaches in this chapter about being persecuted applies to all Christians. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate these verses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
196	2TI	3	1	g65r	figs-idiom	ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις	1	in the last days	Paul is using the term days figuratively to refer to a particular time. Alternate translation: “during the period of time before the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
197	2TI	3	1	n7gs	figs-explicit	ἐνστήσονται καιροὶ χαλεποί	1	there will be difficult times	The implication from what Paul goes on to say about people becoming ungodly and violent is that it will be difficult for believers in this time period. Alternate translation: “Christians will face difficult situations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
198	2TI	3	2	p075	figs-gendernotations	οἱ ἄνθρωποι	1	men	Here Paul is using the term men in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
199	2TI	3	2	jb27		φίλαυτοι	1	self-loving	Here, self-loving refers to loving oneself more than loving family or friends with a natural human love. This is not the kind of love that comes from God. Alternate translation: “self-centered”
200	2TI	3	3	u3n7		ἄστοργοι	1	unloving	The term unloving means that they will not love other people whom they should love. Alternate translation: “they will not love their own families”
201	2TI	3	3	r2uv		ἄσπονδοι	1	irreconcilable	The term irreconcilable means they will not agree to make peace with others and will insist on living in a state of conflict. Alternate translation: “they will not agree with anyone” or “they will not live in peace with anyone”
202	2TI	3	3	ks9y		ἀφιλάγαθοι	1	not good-loving	The phrase not good-loving could be translated with not and loving expressed with the positive term “hating.” Alternate translation: “They will hate what is good”
203	2TI	3	4	dw5z		προπετεῖς	1	reckless	The adjective reckless conveys the idea of doing things without thinking about the negative things that could happen as a result. Alternate translation: “heedless of consequences”
204	2TI	3	4	d6ng	figs-metaphor	τετυφωμένοι	1	puffed up	The expression puffed up is a metaphor for being proud and considering oneself better than others. Alternate translation: “haughty” or “conceited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
205	2TI	3	4	p076	figs-activepassive	τετυφωμένοι	1	puffed up	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “haughty” or “conceited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
206	2TI	3	5	k5dc	figs-idiom	ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας	1	having a form of godliness	The expression a form of indicates that their godliness is not genuine or true. Alternate translation: “appearing to have godliness” or “appearing to honor God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
207	2TI	3	5	p077	grammar-connect-logic-result	καὶ	1	And	Paul uses this word to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
208	2TI	3	5	p078	figs-nominaladj	τούτους ἀποτρέπου	1	turn away from these	The term these is a demonstrative adjective that refers to the people who show the ungodly qualities that Paul lists in the previous verses. Paul is using the term as a noun. If your language does not use adjectives in that way, you can add the word “people” in your translation. Alternate translation: “avoid these people” or “avoid such people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
209	2TI	3	5	xm1c	figs-metaphor	τούτους ἀποτρέπου	1	turn away from these	The expression turn away is a metaphor for avoiding someone. Alternate translation: “avoid these people” or “avoid such people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
210	2TI	3	6	gu4b	figs-metaphor	αἰχμαλωτίζοντες	1	captivating	Here Paul uses the term captivating figuratively to mean greatly influencing someone by the use of deception. Alternate translation: “manipulating” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
211	2TI	3	6	u9m5		γυναικάρια	1	foolish women	The term foolish women refers to women who are spiritually weak and immature. They allow these men into their homes and listen to them because they are weak, idle, and have many sins. Alternate translation: “women who are spiritually weak”
212	2TI	3	6	e9ex	figs-metaphor	σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις	1	who are loaded with sins	Paul speaks figuratively of these sins as if they were heaped up on the backs of these women. Paul is explaining why these men can easily influence these women. This could mean one of two things. (1) These women sin often or even continually. Alternate translation: “who sin often” (2) These women feel terrible guilt because they sin. Alternate translation: “who feel terrible guilt for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
213	2TI	3	6	p079	figs-activepassive	σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις	1	who are loaded with sins	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “who sin often” or “who feel terrible guilt for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
214	2TI	3	6	p080	figs-activepassive	ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις	1	led away by various desires	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “various desires lead them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
215	2TI	3	6	izz9	figs-personification	ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις	1	led away by various desires	Paul speaks figuratively about these various desires as if they could lead a person away. He means that the women decide to do evil things in order to satisfy their desires. Alternate translation: “they decide to sin in various ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
216	2TI	3	6	p081	figs-explicit	ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις	1	led away by various desires	The implication is that the women decide to sin with the men who are influencing them and deceiving them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “they decide to sin in various ways with these evil men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
217	2TI	3	7	p082	figs-metaphor	μηδέποτε εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας ἐλθεῖν δυνάμενα	1	never able to come to the knowledge of the truth	Paul speaks figuratively of the knowledge of the truth as if it were a destination at which people could arrive. Alternate translation: “never able to understand the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
218	2TI	3	8	p083		ὃν τρόπον δὲ	1	And what way	Alternate translation: “in the same way that”
219	2TI	3	8	b8el	translate-names	Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς	1	Jannes and Jambres	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
220	2TI	3	8	p084	figs-explicit	Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς	1	Jannes and Jambres	Paul assumes that Timothy will know that these were the magicians in Pharaoh’s court who tried to duplicate the miracles that Moses was doing to show that Pharaoh did not have to obey Yahweh. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could identify them more explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jannes and Jambres, Pharaoh’s magicians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
221	2TI	3	8	p085	figs-nominaladj	οὗτοι	1	these	As in 3:5, the term these is a demonstrative adjective that refers to the people who show the ungodly qualities that Paul has described. Paul is using the term as a noun. If your language does not use adjectives in that way, you can add the word “people” in your translation. Alternate translation: “these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
222	2TI	3	8	p086	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ἀληθείᾳ	1	the truth	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun truth with an adjective. Alternate translation: “what is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
223	2TI	3	8	g4kk	figs-metonymy	ἄνθρωποι κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν	1	men whose mind is corrupted	Paul uses the word mind to refer to the way these evil men think. Alternate translation: “men who cannot think rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
224	2TI	3	8	p087	figs-activepassive	ἄνθρωποι κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν	1	men whose mind is corrupted	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “men who cannot think rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
225	2TI	3	8	pfh1		ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν	1	unapproved regarding the faith	Paul uses the adjective unapproved to convey the idea that these men have been tested regarding how well they trust in Christ and obey him, and they have failed the test. Alternate translation: “without sincere faith” or “whose faith is not genuine”
226	2TI	3	9	c6xx	figs-metaphor	οὐ προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ πλεῖον	1	they will not advance unto more	Paul uses an expression about physical movement to mean that the false teachers will not have much success among the believers. Alternate translation: “they will not have much success” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
227	2TI	3	9	mv4j	figs-hyperbole	ἡ…ἄνοια αὐτῶν ἔκδηλος ἔσται πᾶσιν	1	their foolishness will be obvious to all	The word all is a generalization. Paul has just said that these men will have a little success in deceiving some people. But ultimately their foolishness will become widely apparent, as happened to Jannes and Jambres, who were publicly discredited when they were not able to equal the powerful miracles of Moses. Alternate translation: “their foolishness will become widely apparent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
228	2TI	3	9	z4fu	figs-nominaladj	ἐκείνων	1	of those	The term those is a demonstrative adjective that refers to Jannes and Jambres. Paul is using the term as a noun. If your language does not use adjectives in that way, you can supply the names of the two men. Alternate translation: “of Jannes and Jambres” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
229	2TI	3	10	vw42	figs-metaphor	σὺ…παρηκολούθησάς	1	you have followed	Paul speaks of giving close attention to the things he lists in this verse as if one were physically following them as they moved. Alternate translation: “you have observed” or “you have paid close attention to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
230	2TI	3	10	wma6	figs-abstractnouns	μου τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ	1	my teaching	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun teaching with a relative clause. Alternative translation: “what I have taught others to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
231	2TI	3	10	lq3v	figs-abstractnouns	μου…τῇ ἀγωγῇ	1	my conduct	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun conduct with a relative clause. Alternative translation: “how I live my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
232	2TI	3	10	p088	figs-abstractnouns	μου…τῇ προθέσει	1	my purpose	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun purpose with a relative clause. Alternative translation: “what goal I have in life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
233	2TI	3	10	p089	figs-abstractnouns	μου…τῇ πίστει	1	my faith	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun faith with a relative clause. Alternative translation: “what I believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
234	2TI	3	10	p091	figs-abstractnouns	μου…τῇ μακροθυμίᾳ	1	my patience	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun patience with a relative clause. Alternative translation: “how I am patient with others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
235	2TI	3	10	p090	figs-abstractnouns	μου…τῇ ἀγάπῃ	1	my love	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun love with a relative clause. Alternative translation: “how I love others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
236	2TI	3	10	l4pp	figs-abstractnouns	μου…τῇ ὑπομονῇ	1	my longsuffering	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun longsuffering with a relative clause. Alternative translation: “how I endure when I suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
237	2TI	3	11	p092	translate-names	ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ, ἐν Ἰκονίῳ, ἐν Λύστροις	1	in Antioch, in Iconium, in Lystra	These are the names of three cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
238	2TI	3	11	p093		οἵους διωγμοὺς ὑπήνεγκα	1	what kind of persecutions I endured	Paul is reminding Timothy that he knows of the various ways in which Paul suffered and how he endured until God rescued him. Alternate translation: “how I endured various persecutions”
239	2TI	3	11	r9vk	figs-metaphor	ἐκ πάντων, με ἐρρύσατο ὁ Κύριος	1	the Lord rescued me from them all	Paul speaks figuratively as if God had physically removed him from a situation of danger. Alternate translation: “the Lord preserved me through them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
240	2TI	3	12	ke7f		ζῆν εὐσεβῶς	1	to live piously	The term piously means to live in an obedient way that honors God. Alternate translation: “to live in a way that honors God”
241	2TI	3	12	xm9l	figs-activepassive	διωχθήσονται	1	will be persecuted	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “people will persecute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
242	2TI	3	13	p094	figs-gendernotations	ἄνθρωποι	1	men	Here Paul is using the term men in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
243	2TI	3	13	s7f2		γόητες	1	impostors	The term impostor refers here to a person who wants other people to think he is a true Christian when he is not. Alternate translation: “people who are pretending to be Christians”
244	2TI	3	13	imc8	figs-metaphor	προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον	1	will advance unto the worse	Paul speaks figuratively of evil people and their character as something that moves forward physically, making gradual progress in a direction. Alternate translation: “will become worse and worse” or “will become even more evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
245	2TI	3	13	p095	figs-idiom	ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον	1	unto the worse	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “worse and worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
246	2TI	3	13	eyx5	figs-metaphor	πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι	1	leading astray and being led astray	The expression leading astray uses the image of physically taking a person to a place that he didn’t think he was going to. This is a figurative reference to persuading someone to believe something that is not true. Alternate translation: “teaching lies and believing lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
247	2TI	3	13	p096	figs-activepassive	πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι	1	leading astray and being led astray	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “teaching lies and believing lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
248	2TI	3	14	ytg9	figs-metaphor	μένε ἐν οἷς ἔμαθες	1	remain in the things you have learned	Paul speaks of biblical instruction as if it were a place that Timothy could stay in. Alternate translation: “continue doing what you have learned” or “continue believing what you have learned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
249	2TI	3	14	p097	figs-activepassive	ἐπιστώθης	1	become convinced of	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “have firmly believed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
250	2TI	3	15	w9l5	figs-personification	τὰ δυνάμενά σε σοφίσαι	1	which are able to make you wise	Paul speaks of the Scriptures as if they were a teacher who could instruct people and help them become wise. It may be convenient in your translation to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “By studying them you can become wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
251	2TI	3	15	p098	figs-abstractnouns	εἰς σωτηρίαν διὰ πίστεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	for salvation through the faith that is in Christ Jesus	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun salvation with a verb such as “save.” Alternate translation: “so that you will know enough to trust Christ Jesus to save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
252	2TI	3	16	s274	figs-metaphor	πᾶσα Γραφὴ θεόπνευστος	1	All Scripture is God-breathed	The term God-breathed uses the image of breathing to indicate that the Scriptures come directly from God through his Spirit. Characteristically in the Bible, the breath of God represents the Spirit of God. Alternate translation: “God produced the Scriptures as his Spirit directed people what to write” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
253	2TI	3	16	uv35		ὠφέλιμος	1	is profitable	Paul refers to the Scriptures as profitable to convey the idea that Timothy and all believers will benefit when they use the Scriptures to teach, reprove, correct, and train. Alternate translation: “you will benefit from them as you use them”
254	2TI	3	16	vl2n	figs-abstractnouns	πρὸς ἐλεγμόν	1	for reproof	Paul instructs Timothy to use the Scriptures as the standard for knowing what is right and wrong and showing people that they are wrong. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun reproof with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for showing people that they are wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
255	2TI	3	16	e5h9	figs-abstractnouns	πρὸς ἐπανόρθωσιν	1	for correction	Paul instructs Timothy to use the Scriptures as the standard for showing people how to make something right. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun correction with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for showing people how to make things right” or “for showing how to fix errors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
256	2TI	3	16	y1hf	figs-abstractnouns	πρὸς παιδείαν τὴν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ	1	for the training that is in righteousness	Paul instructs Timothy to use the Scriptures as the standard for training people how to live lives that are right with God. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun righteousness with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for training people how to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
257	2TI	3	17	nb12	figs-gendernotations	ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος	1	the man of God	This expression could mean one of two things. (1) Paul could be using it to refer to Timothy as the leader of his congregation, to encourage him to use the Scriptures in his teaching. Alternate translation: “you, man of God” (2) Paul could be using the word man in a generic sense that includes all believers in God, whether male or female. Alternate translation: “the person who serves God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
258	2TI	3	17	uu7i		ἄρτιος	1	proficient	Alternative translation: “fully capable”
259	2TI	3	17	p099	figs-activepassive	ἐξηρτισμένος	1	equipped	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “and have everything he needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
260	2TI	4	intro	k2xa			0		2 Timothy 04 General Notes Structure and formatting “I adjure you” Paul gives personal instructions to Timothy. Special concepts in this chapter Crown Scripture uses different kinds of crowns as images for different things. In this chapter, it appears that Christ will award the crown to believers as a reward and confirmation for living rightly.
261	2TI	4	1	eh3x		διαμαρτύρομαι	1	I adjure you	Alternate translation: “I want you to swear an oath”
262	2TI	4	1	cb15	figs-explicit	ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	before God and Christ Jesus	Here the word before means “in front of,” that is, “in the presence of.” The implication is that God and Christ Jesus will witness the oath that Paul wants Timothy to swear. Alternate translation: “in the presence of God and Christ Jesus” or “with God and Christ Jesus as the witnesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
263	2TI	4	1	u32g	figs-merism	ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς	1	the living and the dead	Paul refers to the living and the dead together to mean all people, whether they are alive at the time of judgment or have died. Alternate translation: “those who are still alive and those who have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
264	2TI	4	1	p100	figs-nominaladj	ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς	1	the living and the dead	The terms living and dead are adjectives that Paul is using as nouns to refer to groups of people. If your language does not use adjectives in that way, you can translate these terms with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “those who are still alive and those who have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
265	2TI	4	1	lwt2	figs-metonymy	καὶ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ	1	and by his appearing and his kingdom	Paul wants Timothy to swear the oath on these things. Paul refers figuratively to Christ’s return by association to the fact that he will appear once again to people on earth when he returns, and he refers figuratively to Christ’s rule as king by association to the kingdom that he will rule. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “I want you to swear this oath on Christ’s return and on his rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
266	2TI	4	2	j2z7	figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον	1	the word	Paul is using the term word to refer figuratively to the whole message about Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “the Gospel message” or “the Good News” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
267	2TI	4	2	zzh4	figs-merism	εὐκαίρως, ἀκαίρως	1	opportunely, inopportunely	Paul means that Timothy should be ready to preach about Jesus when it seems like a good time to do so and also when it does not seem like a good time. He is using the two types of occasions together figuratively to indicate all occasions. Alternate translation: “when it is convenient and when it is not convenient” or “at all times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
268	2TI	4	2	g7ax	figs-explicit	ἔλεγξον	1	reprove	The command to reprove implies that the action is directed toward people who have done something wrong and are in need of correction. Alternate translation: “correct those who have sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
269	2TI	4	2	p101		ἐπιτίμησον	1	rebuke	The word rebuke involves telling someone that they have done something wrong and warning them not to do it again. Alternate translation: “tell them not to sin”
270	2TI	4	2	p102		ἐν πάσῃ μακροθυμίᾳ καὶ διδαχῇ	1	with all patience and teaching	The implication is that this is how Timothy should preach, reprove, rebuke, and exhort. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “do these things by teaching very patiently” or “always do these things by teaching patiently”
271	2TI	4	2	p103	figs-hyperbole	ἐν πάσῃ μακροθυμίᾳ	1	with all patience	This could mean one of two things. (1) Timothy should be patient all the time. Alternate translation: “always … patiently” (2) The word all could be a generalization for emphasis, meaning that Timothy should be very patient. Alternate translation: “very patiently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
272	2TI	4	3	jv7a		ἔσται…καιρὸς ὅτε	1	there will be a time when	Alternate translation: “the time will come when”
273	2TI	4	3	u2cc		οὐκ ἀνέξονται	1	they will not endure	Alternate translation: “they will no longer listen patiently to”
274	2TI	4	3	ilx7	figs-explicit	οὐκ ἀνέξονται	1	they will not endure	The context indicates that they means people who are a part of the community of believers. Alternate translation: “some believers will no longer listen patiently to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
275	2TI	4	3	fyl3	figs-metonymy	τῆς ὑγιαινούσης διδασκαλίας	1	healthy teaching	The expression healthy teaching figuratively means “correct teaching” by association, since a healthy mind would recognize that correct teaching was reasonable. Alternate translation: “correct teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
276	2TI	4	3	e5t2	figs-metaphor	κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας, ἑαυτοῖς ἐπισωρεύσουσιν διδασκάλους	1	they will heap up for themselves teachers according to their own desires	Paul speaks of how people will obtain many teachers as if they were putting them into a heap or pile. They will want many teachers, but not value these teachers for how they live godly lives or how accurately they teach. Alternate translation: “they will gather many teachers for themselves who will teach what they want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
277	2TI	4	3	s375	figs-idiom	κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν	1	their ear itching	Paul speaks of people badly wanting to hear something as if their ears itched and could only be relieved if they found many teachers who would tell them what they wanted to hear. Alternate translation: “because they want to hear it so badly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
278	2TI	4	3	p104	figs-metonymy	κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν	1	their ear itching	Paul uses the ear figuratively to mean hearing. Alternate translation: “because they want to hear it so badly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
279	2TI	4	4	rh2i	figs-metaphor	ἀπὸ…τῆς ἀληθείας τὴν ἀκοὴν ἀποστρέψουσιν	1	will…turn their ear away from the truth	Paul speaks about people no longer paying attention as if they were physically turning their ears away so they could not hear. Alternate translation: “will no longer pay attention to the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
280	2TI	4	4	p105	figs-metonymy	ἀπὸ…τῆς ἀληθείας τὴν ἀκοὴν ἀποστρέψουσιν	1	will…turn their ear away from the truth	Paul uses the ear figuratively to mean listening. Listening, in turn, figuratively means paying attention. Alternate translation: “will no longer pay attention to the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
281	2TI	4	4	xrv7	figs-metaphor	τοὺς μύθους ἐκτραπήσονται	1	be turned aside to myths	Paul speaks about people starting to pay attention to myths as if someone were getting them to wander off in the wrong direction. Alternate translation: “these teachers will get them to pay attention to stories that are not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
282	2TI	4	4	p106	figs-activepassive	τοὺς μύθους ἐκτραπήσονται	1	be turned aside to myths	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “these teachers will get them to pay attention to stories that are not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
283	2TI	4	5	ehz7	figs-metaphor	νῆφε	1	be sober	Paul wants his readers to think correctly about everything, and so he speaks as if he wanted them to be sober rather than drunk. Alternate translation: “think clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
284	2TI	4	5	tv3k		εὐαγγελιστοῦ	1	an evangelist	Alternate translation: “a person who proclaims the good news about Jesus”
285	2TI	4	6	p107		ἐγὼ…ἤδη σπένδομαι	1	I am already being poured out	While Paul speaks of his death as already happening, he means that it is an event that will happen soon. Alternate translation: “I will soon be poured out”
286	2TI	4	6	sh23	figs-metaphor	ἐγὼ…ἤδη σπένδομαι	1	I am already being poured out	Paul speaks of himself as if he were wine in a cup that was being poured out as a sacrifice to God. Alternate translation: “I will soon sacrifice my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
287	2TI	4	6	p108	figs-activepassive	ἐγὼ…ἤδη σπένδομαι	1	I am already being poured out	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “I will soon sacrifice my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
288	2TI	4	6	fb7l	figs-euphemism	ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἀναλύσεώς μου ἐφέστηκεν	1	the time of my departure is here	Paul refers to his death as a departure. This is a polite way of referring to something unpleasant. Alternate translation: “soon I will die and leave this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
289	2TI	4	7	d9ts	figs-metaphor	τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι	1	I have fought the good fight	Paul speaks of himself figuratively as if he has been competing in an athletic contest. This could mean one of two things. (1) The word good could describe the kind of effort Paul has made. Alternate translation: “I have done my best” (2) The word good could mean that Paul has pursued a worthwhile endeavor. Alternate translation: “I have worked hard for what really matters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
290	2TI	4	7	kq83	figs-metaphor	τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα	1	I have finished the race	Paul speaks of his life of service to God as if he had been running a race on foot. Alternate translation: “I have completed what I needed to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
291	2TI	4	7	vk2p	figs-metaphor	τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα	1	I have kept the faith	Paul speaks of his trust in Christ and his obedience to God as if they were valuable objects that he has kept in his possession. This could mean one of two things. (1) Paul was faithful to do what God told him to do. Alternate translation: “I have remained faithful in doing my ministry” (2) Paul was faithful to teach the truth. Alternate translation: “I have preserved the teachings from any error” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
292	2TI	4	8	ujg5	figs-activepassive	ἀπόκειταί μοι ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος	1	the crown of righteousness has been reserved for me	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “God has reserved the crown of righteousness for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
293	2TI	4	8	hg8i	figs-metaphor	τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος	1	the crown of righteousness	This could mean one of two things: (1) The crown figuratively represents the reward that God gives to people who have lived the right way. Alternate translation: “the reward for the righteous” (2) The crown may represent righteousness itself. Just as the judge of a race gives a crown to the winner, when Paul finishes his life, God will declare that Paul is righteous. Alternate translation: “the reward that is righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
294	2TI	4	8	dwn6	translate-unknown	στέφανος	1	crown	See how you translated this in 2:5. The crown was a wreath made of laurel tree leaves that was given to winners of athletic contests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
295	2TI	4	8	n3k8	figs-explicit	ἐν, ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ	1	on that day	As in 1:12, this refers to the day when Jesus returns for judgment. Alternate translation: “on the day of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
296	2TI	4	8	uh88		τοῖς ἠγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ	1	those who have loved his appearing	Alternate translation: “those who are looking forward to his return”
297	2TI	4	8	p109	figs-metonymy	τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ	1	his appearing	See how you translated this in 4:1. Paul is referring figuratively to Christ’s return by association with the fact that he will appear once again to people on earth when he returns. Alternate translation: “his return” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
298	2TI	4	9	t8b7		ἐλθεῖν…ταχέως	1	come…quickly	Alternate translation: “come … as soon as possible”
299	2TI	4	10	e4xx	translate-names	Δημᾶς…Κρήσκης…Τίτος	1	Demas…Crescens…Titus	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
300	2TI	4	10	ji2l	figs-metonymy	τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα	1	the present age	The expression the present age refers to worldly things as opposed to the things of God. Paul refers to these worldly things figuratively by association with the present time when people generally desire them, as opposed to the future time when the things of God will be established throughout the earth. Alternate translation: “the temporary comforts of this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
301	2TI	4	10	u2qb	figs-ellipsis	Κρήσκης εἰς Γαλατίαν, Τίτος εἰς Δαλματίαν	1	Crescens to Galatia, Titus to Dalmatia	Here Paul leaves out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. He means that like Demas, Crescens and Titus have left him. However, he is probably not saying that they did this because they also “loved this present age” like Demas. Alternate translation: “Crescens has left me and gone to Galatia, and Titus has left me and gone to Dalmatia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
302	2TI	4	10	gs61	translate-names	Γαλατίαν…Δαλματίαν	1	Galatia…Dalmatia	This are the names of Roman provinces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
303	2TI	4	11	p110	translate-names	Λουκᾶς…Μᾶρκον	1	Luke… Mark	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
304	2TI	4	11	w21u		μοι εὔχρηστος εἰς διακονίαν	1	he is useful to me for service	This could mean one of two things. (1) Mark is useful in helping Paul minister to others, especially by preaching and teaching. Alternate translation: “he is helpful to me in my ministry” (2) Mark is useful in helping Paul to take care of his personal needs. Alternate translation: “he can help take care of my needs”
305	2TI	4	12	p111	translate-names	Τυχικὸν	1	Tychicus	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
306	2TI	4	12	p112	translate-names	Ἔφεσον	1	Ephesus	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
307	2TI	4	13	d5rw	translate-unknown	φελόνην	1	cloak	The term cloak refers to a heavy garment worn over clothes. Alternate translation: “coat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
308	2TI	4	13	v9b6	translate-names	Κάρπῳ	1	Carpus	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
309	2TI	4	13	k6tj	translate-unknown	τὰ βιβλία	1	the books	The term books refers to scrolls. A scroll was a type of book made of one long sheet of papyrus or leather. After writing on a scroll or reading it, people would roll it up using rods on the ends. Alternate translation: “the scrolls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
310	2TI	4	13	e395	translate-unknown	μάλιστα τὰς μεμβράνας	1	especially the parchments	The term parchments may refer to a specific type of scroll. Alternate translation: “especially those made from animal skins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
311	2TI	4	14	un4v	translate-unknown	Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ χαλκεὺς	1	Alexander the coppersmith	The term coppersmith refers to a person who worked with things made of copper and other metals. Alternate translation: “Alexander, who works with metal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
312	2TI	4	14	kv94	translate-names	Ἀλέξανδρος	1	Alexander	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
313	2TI	4	14	wbx4	figs-metaphor	ἀποδώσει αὐτῷ ὁ Κύριος κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ	1	The Lord will repay him according to his deeds	Paul speaks figuratively of punishment as if it were repayment. Alternate translation: “the Lord will give him the right punishment for what he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
314	2TI	4	15	i4aj	figs-metonymy	ἀντέστη τοῖς ἡμετέροις λόγοις	1	opposed our words	The term words refers to the message that Paul and Timothy and their co-workers teach. Alternate translation: “opposed the message that we teach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
315	2TI	4	16	v847		ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ μου ἀπολογίᾳ	1	At my first defense	Paul is referring to the opening session of his trial. By writing first, he is likely indicating that he will have to appear in court again. Alternate translation: “at the opening session of my trial” or “when I first appeared in court and explained my actions”
316	2TI	4	16	f2c3		οὐδείς μοι παρεγένετο	1	no one appeared with me	Paul explains to Timothy that he had to go to court alone, without any supporters. Alternate translation: “no one testified on my behalf”
317	2TI	4	16	rm2t	figs-activepassive	μὴ αὐτοῖς λογισθείη	1	May it not be counted against them	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “may God not hold it against them” or “I pray that God does not punish those believers for deserting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
318	2TI	4	17	t1fw	figs-metaphor	ὁ…Κύριός μοι παρέστη	1	the Lord stood with me	Paul is speaking as if the Lord had physically stood with him. Alternate translation: “the Lord helped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
319	2TI	4	17	y69m	figs-activepassive	ἵνα δι’ ἐμοῦ τὸ κήρυγμα πληροφορηθῇ	1	so that through me, the proclamation might be fully carried out	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. This could mean one of two things. (1) At his trial, Paul was able to explain the entire message God had given him to proclaim. Alternate translation: “so that I was able to proclaim all of the Lord’s message” (2) Paul was able to continue proclaiming God’s message right through to this time when he expected to sacrifice his life. Alternate translation: “so that I was able to continue proclaiming the Lord’s message right to the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
320	2TI	4	17	p113	figs-hyperbole	καὶ ἀκούσωσιν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη	1	and all the Gentiles might hear	The word all is a figurative generalization. Alternate translation: “so that as many Gentiles as possible could hear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
321	2TI	4	17	gsr8	figs-metaphor	ἐρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος	1	I was rescued out of the mouth of the lion	Paul speaks figuratively as if he had been in danger of being killed by a lion at his court appearance. He could mean the physical danger of being sentenced to execution, or the spiritual danger of being tempted not to speak boldly for Jesus, or both. It would probably be best to leave both possibilities open in your translation. Alternate translation: “I was rescued from great danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
322	2TI	4	17	p114	figs-activepassive	ἐρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος	1	I was rescued out of the mouth of the lion	If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “God rescued me from great danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
323	2TI	4	18	p115	figs-idiom	εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων	1	to the ages of the ages	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “forever and ever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
324	2TI	4	19	p116	translate-names	Πρίσκαν	1	Priscilla	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
325	2TI	4	19	p117	translate-names	Ἀκύλαν	1	Aquila	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
326	2TI	4	19	n4zc	figs-metonymy	τὸν Ὀνησιφόρου οἶκον	1	the household of Onesiphorus	See how you translated this in 1:16. The word household refers to Onesiphorus and all the people in his family, possibly even his servants. Alternate translation: “Onesiphorus and everyone who lives with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
327	2TI	4	19	mef8	translate-names	Ὀνησιφόρου	1	Onesiphorus	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in 1:16. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
328	2TI	4	20	p118	translate-names	Κορίνθῳ	1	Corinth	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
329	2TI	4	20	lie9	translate-names	Ἔραστος…Τρόφιμον	1	Erastus…Trophimus	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
330	2TI	4	20	wp9h	translate-names	Μιλήτῳ	1	Miletus	This is the name of a city to the south of Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
331	2TI	4	21	cvc7		σπούδασον…ἐλθεῖν	1	Hasten to come	Alternate translation: “do your best to come” or “try as hard as you can to come”
332	2TI	4	21	eh95	figs-explicit	πρὸ χειμῶνος	1	before winter	The implication is that Timothy should try to come to Paul before the cold weather arrives and makes travel difficult or even impossible. If winter is the warm season in your area and summer is the cold season, or if your area does not have a cold season but a rainy season, you can use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “before the cold weather makes travel difficult” or “before the weather changes and makes travel difficult” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
333	2TI	4	21	z1j9	figs-ellipsis	ἀσπάζεταί σε Εὔβουλος, καὶ Πούδης, καὶ Λίνος, καὶ Κλαυδία, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ	1	Eubulus greets you, and Pudens, and Linus, and Claudia, and the brothers	Here Paul leaves out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. To make sure that the meaning is clear, you can supply these words. The people listed after Eubulus are also greeting Timothy. Eubulus is not greeting them. Alternate translation: “Eubulus greets you, and so do Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the believers here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
334	2TI	4	21	p7px	translate-names	Εὔβουλος…Πούδης…Λίνος	1	Eubulus…Pudens…Linus	These are the names of three men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
335	2TI	4	21	er77	translate-names	Κλαυδία	1	Claudia	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
336	2TI	4	21	mk26	figs-gendernotations	οἱ ἀδελφοὶ	1	the brothers	The word brothers means all believers, whether male or female. Alternate translation: “all the believers here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
337	2TI	4	22	tx26	figs-you	ὁ Κύριος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματός σου	1	The Lord be with your spirit	Paul ends his letter with a blessing for Timothy. Here, you is singular and refers to Timothy. Alternate translation: “I pray that the Lord makes your spirit strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
338	2TI	4	22	p119	figs-synecdoche	ὁ Κύριος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματός σου	1	The Lord be with your spirit	Paul figuratively describes Timothy as a whole person by reference to his spirit, perhaps because he is wishing particularly for Timothy to receive spiritual strengthening. Alternate translation: “I pray that the Lord makes you strong” or “I pray that the Lord will strengthen you spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
339	2TI	4	22	k85y	figs-you	ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν	1	Grace be with you	Paul ends his letter with a second blessing. The you is plural and refers to all the believers who are with Timothy. Alternate translation: “may grace be with all of you there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
340	2TI	4	22	p120		ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν	1	Grace be with you	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say who Paul wishes will make this happen. Alternate translation: “may God give grace to all of you”