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1	Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2	ZEC	front	intro	yx6e			Introduction to Zechariah Part 1: General Introduction Outline of the Book of Zechariah Zechariah calls the returning nation of Israel to repent and return to Yahweh (1:1–6) The eight night visions (1:7-6:8) Yahweh sends his messengers throughout the whole earth (1:7–17) Four horns and four craftsmen (1:18–21) The measuring line (2:1–13) The priest in filthy clothes (3:1–10) The golden lampstand olive trees (4:1–14) The flying scroll (5:1–4) The woman in a basket (5:5–11) Four chariots (6:1–8) A crown for the high priest (6:9–15) Questions about fasting (7:1–8:23) Yahweh judges the nations and saves his people (9:1–11:17) Final message (12:1-14:21) Yahweh will finally defeat Israel’s enemies (12:1-9) Israel mourns for the one they pierced (12:10-14) Yahweh purifies Israel and removes false prophets (13:1-6) Yahweh comes as king (14:1–21) What is the Book of Zechariah about? Zechariah wrote to the people of Judah who returned from being exiled in Babylon. The people of Judah continued to sin, as their ancestors did before they went into exile. Zechariah called the people to repent and to obey Yahweh. And he called them to renew the covenant with Yahweh. Zechariah also prophesied about the Messiah and about Israel finally being victorious over her enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) How should the title of this book be translated? This book traditionally has been titled “Zechariah” or “The Book of Zechariah.” Translators may decide to call it the “The Book About Zechariah” or “The Sayings of Zechariah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Who wrote the Book of Zechariah? The prophet Zechariah wrote this book between 520 and 518 B.C. Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts Did Zechariah prophesy before Ezra, Nehemiah, and Haggai? Zechariah prophesied before the time of Ezra and Nehemiah. He prophesied at the same time as Haggai and continued after Haggai. Part 3: Important Translation Issues What is the meaning of the term “Israel”? The name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was a son of Isaac. God changed Jacob’s name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. Zechariah uses the term “Israel” to refer to both the nation of Israel and the northern kingdom of Israel. What imagery does Zechariah use in reference to the Messiah? Zechariah presented the Messiah as both a king and a shepherd. Zechariah said that the Messiah would come and deliver his people. However, the Messiah would also be pierced (12:10) and struck with the sword (13:7). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) What does the phrase “that day” mean? Zechariah often spoke of the last days by using the phrase “that day” or “in that day.” When referring to a future “day,” the translator should be aware that the author may be speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
3	ZEC	1	intro	qki3			Zechariah 01 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is written in prose mainly with imagery used throughout to portray Zechariah’s vision given by the Lord. Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set lines 1:3-6, 14-17, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Special concepts in this chapter Visions This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah, so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Date Zechariah uses two separate dates in this first chapter. When compared to the book of Haggai, Zechariah’s prophecy was proclaimed just a few weeks after Haggai. However, they prophesied in two different places: Haggai was in Jerusalem and Zechariah was somewhere outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
4	ZEC	1	1	if96	translate-hebrewmonths	In the eighth month	This is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
5	ZEC	1	1	fpf6	translate-ordinal	the second year of Darius’ reign	“the second year of the reign of Darius the king” or “the second year since Darius became king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
6	ZEC	1	1	qr9f	figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7	ZEC	1	1	e6fd		Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
8	ZEC	1	1	ge9j	translate-names	Berechiah…Iddo	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9	ZEC	1	2	huv9		exceedingly angry with your fathers	“very angry with your forefathers”
10	ZEC	1	3	wv9b	figs-metaphor	Turn to me…and I will return to you	Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude toward another person as if it were turning or returning. The people turning to Yahweh means that they will again be devoted to him and worship him, while Yahweh returning to the people means that he will again bless them and help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11	ZEC	1	3	ymr9	figs-123person	this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
12	ZEC	1	4	le2q	figs-metaphor	Turn from your evil ways and wicked practices	No longer doing certain actions is spoken of as if it were turning away from those actions. The phrases “evil ways” and “wicked practices” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Stop doing all of your wicked actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
13	ZEC	1	4	g1te	figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in Zechariah 1:3. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
14	ZEC	1	5	tk3p	figs-rquestion	Your fathers, where are they? Where are the prophets, are they here forever?	These two rhetorical questions emphasize that both their ancestors and the prophets who proclaimed Yahweh’s message to their ancestors have died. The questions can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Neither your fathers nor the prophets are here because they have all died.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
15	ZEC	1	6	b2ai	figs-rquestion	But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets, have they not overtaken your fathers?	This rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer that it anticipates. Yahweh speaks of the people’s ancestors experiencing the consequences of not obeying Yahweh’s commands as if his words and decrees were a person who had chased after and overtaken them. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets have overtaken your fathers.” or “But your fathers have suffered the consequences for disobeying my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets to tell them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
16	ZEC	1	6	p786	figs-doublet	my words and my decrees	These phrases are both ways to refer to Yahweh’s message that the prophets had declared to their ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
17	ZEC	1	6	pc8u	figs-doublet	our ways and actions	The words “ways” and “actions” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “our behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
18	ZEC	1	7	kav5	translate-hebrewmonths	the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, which is the month of Shebat	“Shebat” is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of February on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19	ZEC	1	7	epb7	translate-ordinal	in the second year of Darius’ reign	“in the second year of the reign of Darius the king” or “in the second year since Darius became king.” See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
20	ZEC	1	7	al5n	figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:1. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
21	ZEC	1	7	li5w	translate-names	Berechiah…Iddo	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
22	ZEC	1	8	rsm4		look	The word “look” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw.
23	ZEC	1	8	fg97	translate-unknown	myrtle trees	a kind of small tree with colorful flowers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
24	ZEC	1	9	rb9l		I said, “What are these things, Lord?” Then the angel who talked with me	Here Zechariah speaks to an unidentified angel. This is not the same as the “man” who was “riding on a red horse.”
25	ZEC	1	9	l5k2		What are these things, Lord?	“What are these things, sir?” Here the word “Lord” is a form of polite address.
26	ZEC	1	10	uiv2	figs-idiom	the man who stood among the myrtle trees	These phrases refer to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in Zechariah 1:8. Possible meanings are (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the man who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
27	ZEC	1	10	m3qf	figs-explicit	These are those	The word “these” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
28	ZEC	1	10	paz1	figs-explicit	to roam throughout the earth	It is implicit that Yahweh sent these out to walk about in order to patrol the earth. This does not suggest that they were wandering or lost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
29	ZEC	1	11	p8ce	figs-idiom	the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees	This phrase refers to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in Zechariah 1:8. Possible meanings are (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
30	ZEC	1	11	vum3	figs-explicit	They answered…they said	The word “they” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
31	ZEC	1	11	z1nt	figs-metaphor	all the earth sits still and is at rest	There being peace and quiet in the world is spoken of as if the earth were a person who is still and resting. Possible meanings are (1) this is a good thing that means that there is peace between nations or (2) this is a bad thing that means that there is no war because nations are helpless to fight against a stronger nation that has subdued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
32	ZEC	1	12	hd8w	figs-metonymy	to Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah	Here the words “Jerusalem” and “cities” refer to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “to the people of Jerusalem and to the people of the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
33	ZEC	1	13	ea77		with good words, words of comfort	“with good, comforting words”
34	ZEC	1	14	z627		I have been jealous for Jerusalem	Here the word “jealous” refers to Yahweh’s strong desire to protect his people.
35	ZEC	1	15	z4b6	figs-idiom	I am very angry with the nations that are at ease	The phrase “at ease” means that the people thought that they lived in peace and security. Alternate translation: “I am very angry with the nations that enjoy peace and security” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
36	ZEC	1	15	vt8i		I was only a little angry with them	“I was only a little angry with the people of Jerusalem”
37	ZEC	1	15	ml6d	figs-explicit	they made the disaster worse	“the nations that are at ease made the disaster worse.” This means that although Yahweh used these nations to punish Jerusalem, they did more harm to Jerusalem than what Yahweh had intended for them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
38	ZEC	1	16	irm7	figs-metaphor	I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies	Possible meanings are (1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or (2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: “I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
39	ZEC	1	16	mlv6	figs-metonymy	My house will be built within her	The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, and the word “house” is a metonym for the temple. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people will build my temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
40	ZEC	1	16	qz6g	figs-explicit	the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem	This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem” or “the people will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
41	ZEC	1	17	xwc5		Again call out, saying	The angel who was speaking to Zechariah says these words.
42	ZEC	1	17	c5zg	figs-metonymy	My cities will once again overflow with goodness	The phrase “my cities” refers to the cities of Judah and represents the people who live in those cities. Yahweh speaks of the inhabitants of those cities again being prosperous as if goodness were a liquid that overflowed the cities, which are its containers. Alternate translation: “My cities will once again be prosperous” or “The people in the cities of Judah will once again be prosperous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
43	ZEC	1	17	e1cn	figs-metonymy	Yahweh will again comfort Zion	Here the word “Zion” refers to the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will again comfort the people in Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
44	ZEC	1	18	fb8w	figs-synecdoche	I lifted up my eyes	The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “I looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
45	ZEC	1	19	p1kh	writing-symlanguage	These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem	Horns were often used as a symbol for military power. Here they symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The words “Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem” represent the people who lived in those places. Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that have scattered the people of Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
46	ZEC	1	20	a61d		four craftsmen	“blacksmiths” or “metalworkers”
47	ZEC	1	21	y3z5		these people	This refers to the four craftsmen.
48	ZEC	1	21	k412	writing-symlanguage	These are the horns that scattered Judah	The horns symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The word “Judah” represents the people who lived in Judah. See how you translated a similar phrase in Zechariah 1:19. Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that scattered the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
49	ZEC	1	21	zd7p	figs-metaphor	so that no man would lift up his head	The nations oppressing the people of Judah severely is spoken of as if no person in Judah was able to raise his head. Alternate translation: “and caused them to suffer greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
50	ZEC	1	21	gm5d	figs-metaphor	to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn against the land of Judah	Yahweh speaks of the nations using their military power to conquer Judah as if the nations had lifted up their horns. He speaks of these four craftsmen destroying the military power of these nations as if the craftsmen threw those horns to the ground. Alternate translation: “to destroy the power of the nations who used their military might against the land of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
51	ZEC	1	21	q7u9		to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn	“to cast down the horns that the nations had lifted up”
52	ZEC	2	intro	j9a8			Zechariah 02 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is introduced in prose with imagery used in the rest of the chapter to portray Zechariah’s third vision about measuring lines given by the Lord. Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 2:4-13, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Special concepts in this chapter Visions This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Please be careful to translate each of the terms in your language. Important figures of speech in this chapter “This is Yahweh’s declaration” This phrase is used several times in this chapter. The UST often translates this as “Yahweh says.”
53	ZEC	2	1	u35h	figs-synecdoche	I lifted up my eyes	The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “I looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
54	ZEC	2	1	dn7b		measuring line	a rope with a certain length that a person would use to measure buildings or large sections of land
55	ZEC	2	2	eb3u		So he said to me	“So the man with the measuring line said to me”
56	ZEC	2	3	he2k	writing-participants	another angel went out to meet him	This angel is a new participant who has not appeared before this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
57	ZEC	2	4	ty6u		The second angel said to him	“The second angel said to the angel who had talked with me”
58	ZEC	2	4	mt9q	figs-explicit	Jerusalem will sit in the open country…beasts within her	The phrase “will sit in the open country” translates a word that refers to a city that has no walls. There will be so many inhabitants in the city that it will be too large to have walls around it. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem will not have walls around it…beasts within the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
59	ZEC	2	5	ync4	figs-metaphor	I…will become for her a wall of fire around her	People built walls around their cities for protection. Here Yahweh speaks of protecting Jerusalem as if he himself were a wall of fire around the city. Alternate translation: “I…will protect the city, like a wall of fire around it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60	ZEC	2	5	e11h	figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:4. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
61	ZEC	2	6	c7zp	figs-doublet	Up! Up!	These two words express urgency and add emphasis to the following command. The words can be translated with an expression that communicates urgency in your language. Alternate translation: “Run! Run!” or “Hurry! Hurry!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
62	ZEC	2	7	nj7k	figs-metaphor	you who live with the daughter of Babylon	The phrase “daughter of Babylon” refers to the city of Babylon. Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a daughter. Alternate translation: “you who live in Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
63	ZEC	2	8	qki8		General Information:	Zechariah begins to speak and tells how Yahweh is sending him to judge the nations who have plundered Jerusalem.
64	ZEC	2	8	uv6h	figs-explicit	for whoever touches you	The word “touches” refers to a touch meant to harm. Alternate translation: “for whoever harms you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
65	ZEC	2	9	w4b5	translate-symaction	I myself will shake my hand over them	Raising one’s hand against another person is a gesture of hostility. Here it is a symbolic action that means that God will attack those who harm Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I myself will fight against them” or “I myself will attack them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
66	ZEC	2	9	q7li		they will be plunder for their slaves	The word “plunder” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “their slaves will plunder them”
67	ZEC	2	10	n5lp	figs-metaphor	Sing for joy, daughter of Zion	“Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. Possible meanings are (1) Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, Zion” or (2) the phrase “daughter of Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
68	ZEC	2	10	ph8u	figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:4. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
69	ZEC	2	11	h8g4	figs-metaphor	great nations will join themselves to Yahweh	Zechariah speaks of the people of great nations becoming Yahweh’s people and worshiping him as if they were joining themselves to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the people of great nations will become the people of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
70	ZEC	2	11	glg2		in that day	“at that time”
71	ZEC	2	11	bu8a		I will encamp in the midst of you	“I will live among you”
72	ZEC	2	12	e1sr	figs-metaphor	Yahweh will inherit Judah as his rightful possession	Zechariah speaks of Yahweh claiming Judah as his own land as if Judah were something that Yahweh inherits as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will claim Judah as his rightful possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
73	ZEC	2	13	f45h	figs-synecdoche	all flesh	Here the word “flesh” represents all humanity. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
74	ZEC	2	13	p2lb	figs-metaphor	he has been roused	Zechariah speaks of Yahweh beginning to act as if someone had roused Yahweh from inactivity. It is implied that this action refers to his returning to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “he is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
75	ZEC	2	13	dh6y	figs-explicit	from out of his holy place	Here “his holy place” refers to heaven, and not to the temple in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “from his holy place in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
76	ZEC	3	intro	gw6m			Zechariah 03 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is introduced in prose and shares the fourth vision, which is the priest in dirty clothes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 3:7-9, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Difficult concepts in this chapter Visions It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter The high priest This chapter seems to refer to a particular person, Joshua the high priest. However, little is known about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])
77	ZEC	3	1	l2ct		General Information:	Yahweh shows Zechariah a vision of Joshua the priest.
78	ZEC	3	1	lm1x		Satan was standing at his right hand to accuse him of sin	“Satan was standing at Joshua’s right side, ready to accuse Joshua of sin”
79	ZEC	3	2	p64g	figs-rquestion	Is this not a brand pulled from the fire?	The angel of Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Joshua is a brand pulled from the fire.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
80	ZEC	3	2	il5p	figs-metaphor	a brand pulled from the fire	A brand is a burning piece of wood. The angel of Yahweh speaks of Joshua being rescued from captivity in Babylon as if he were a piece of wood that someone pulls from a fire before the wood is completely burned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
81	ZEC	3	3	d4s4	writing-symlanguage	Joshua was dressed in filthy garments	In this vision “filthy garments” are symbolic of sinfulness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
82	ZEC	3	4	l7ds		those who stood before him	The word “him” refers to the angel. The phrase refers to other angels who were present.
83	ZEC	3	4	g4d4		Look	“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
84	ZEC	3	4	k9lt	figs-idiom	I have caused your iniquity to pass from you	Since Joshua’s garments were symbolic of his sinfulness, by removing his garments, the angel removed Joshua’s iniquity. Causing iniquity to pass from him is an idiom that means that he had removed Joshua’s iniquity. Alternate translation: “I have removed your iniquity from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
85	ZEC	3	4	uh7k	writing-symlanguage	dress you in fine clothing	Here fine clothing symbolizes righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
86	ZEC	3	5	d1b9		Let them put	Here the word “them” refers to the other angels who were present.
87	ZEC	3	5	d26a		turban	a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head
88	ZEC	3	6	v18s		solemnly commanded Joshua	“commanded Joshua in a very serious manner”
89	ZEC	3	7	l5ba	figs-parallelism	If you will walk in my ways, and if you will keep my commandments	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of obeying him as if the person were walking along Yahweh’s paths. Alternate translation: “If you will obey me and keep my commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90	ZEC	3	7	x34k	figs-metonymy	you will govern my house and guard my courts	Here the word “house” is a metonym for the temple, while the word “courts” refers to the courtyards around the temple. Together the phrases mean that Joshua will have authority over the whole temple complex. Alternate translation: “you will have authority over my temple and its courtyards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
91	ZEC	3	7	mwk3	figs-idiom	to go and come among these who stand before me	The phrase “to go and come among” is an idiom that means that Joshua will be a part of this group and have the same privilege as they do of access to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to come before me as these who stand here do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
92	ZEC	3	8	gk7g		General Information:	The angel of Yahweh continues to speak to Joshua.
93	ZEC	3	8	jym9	figs-explicit	your companions who live with you	This phrase refers to other priests who would serve in the temple under the leadership of Joshua. Alternate translation: “the other priests who live with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
94	ZEC	3	8	hp4q		For these men are a sign	Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special meaning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of the priests serving in the temple as being this sign that shows that Yahweh will bring his servant.
95	ZEC	3	8	v7at	figs-metaphor	my servant the Branch	The word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh’s people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
96	ZEC	3	9	m5hy		the stone that I have set before Joshua	Here the word “stone” likely refers to a precious stone or jewel.
97	ZEC	3	9	i5c3	figs-metaphor	There are seven eyes on this single stone	The sides or facets of the stone that reflect light are spoken of as if they are eyes. Alternate translation: “There are seven sides on this single stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
98	ZEC	3	9	l4bw		engrave	“carve”
99	ZEC	3	9	i5q1	figs-metonymy	I will remove the sin from this land in one day	Here the word “land” represents the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “I will remove the sin of the people from this land in one day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
100	ZEC	3	10	a257	figs-explicit	each man will invite his neighbor to sit under his vine and under his fig tree	Both the “vine” and the “fig tree” are symbols of prosperity. This phrase describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. Alternate translation: “because they will be at peace, each person will invite his neighbor to come and sit under his vine and his fig tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
101	ZEC	4	intro	if68			Zechariah 04 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is written mainly in prose about the fifth vision, which is about the golden lampstand olive trees. Special concepts in this chapter Visions This chapter shows a conversation between Zechariah and the angel of Yahweh. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.
102	ZEC	4	1	g1iy	figs-simile	roused me like a man roused from his sleep	Zechariah compares the way in which the angel interrupted his being in deep thought with the way someone would awaken another person from sleep. Alternate translation: “caused me to become more alert like a man awakened from his sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
103	ZEC	4	2	nj7i		lamp wicks	the parts of a lamp that are lit on fire
104	ZEC	4	3	n5h3	figs-ellipsis	the left side	The ellipsis in this phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “the left side of the bowl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
105	ZEC	4	5	d96u	figs-rquestion	Do you not know what these things mean?	The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you know what these things mean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
106	ZEC	4	6	gn9k		Connecting Statement:	The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
107	ZEC	4	6	y1pw	figs-explicit	Not by might nor by power	Since there is no verb in this phrase, it may be necessary in your language to supply one. Alternate translation: “You will not succeed by might nor by power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
108	ZEC	4	6	wt9s	figs-doublet	Not by might nor by power	Possible meanings are (1) that the words “might” and “power” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Zerubbabel’s strength or (2) that the word “might” refers to military strength and the word “power” refers to Zerubbabel’s physical ability. Alternate translation: “Certainly not by your own strength” or “Not by military strength nor by your own power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
109	ZEC	4	7	abe2	figs-metaphor	What are you, great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become a plain	This is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of the obstacles that Zerubbabel will face as if they were a large mountain. He asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that these obstacles pose no threat to Zerubbabel’s success. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are nothing, great mountain! Zerubbabel will cause you to become a plain” or “Although obstacles may appear as large as mountains, Zerubbabel will overcome them as easily as one walks upon level ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
110	ZEC	4	7	k6l1	figs-explicit	he will bring out the top stone	The top stone is the last stone placed when building something. This refers to the top stone of the temple. Alternate translation: “he will bring out the top stone of the temple” or “he will complete the construction of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
111	ZEC	4	7	cbj6	figs-explicit	to shouts of ‘Grace! Grace to it!’	Possible meanings are (1) the word “grace” refers to God’s grace and the people are requesting that God bless the completed temple. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘May God bless it! May God bless it!’” or (2) the word “grace” refers to beauty and the people are declaring how beautiful the completed temple is. Alternate translation: “while people shout, ‘Beautiful! It is beautiful!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
112	ZEC	4	8	j4n7		Connecting Statement:	The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
113	ZEC	4	8	lpf1	figs-idiom	The word of Yahweh came to me, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
114	ZEC	4	9	z7ve	figs-synecdoche	The hands of Zerubbabel have laid…his hands will bring it to completion	Here the word “hands” represents Zerubbabel. Alternate translation: “Zerubbabel has laid…he will bring it to completion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
115	ZEC	4	9	gn3u	figs-metonymy	the foundation of this house	The word “house” represents the temple. Alternate translation: “the foundation of this temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
116	ZEC	4	10	w6q1	figs-rquestion	Who has despised the day of small things? These people will rejoice	Zechariah uses this rhetorical question to speak specifically about those who have “despised the day of small things.” It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Those who have despised the day of small things will rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
117	ZEC	4	10	a9tc	figs-explicit	the day of small things	“the time of small things.” This phrase refers to the time when the people were building the temple and appeared to be making little progress. Alternate translation: “the time when progress was slow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
118	ZEC	4	10	t9lp		plumb stone	This refers to an instrument made with a heavy object attached to the end of a string that builders used to ensure that the walls of buildings were straight.
119	ZEC	4	10	ym4q		These seven lamps	This phrase refers to the lamps that Zechariah saw in Zechariah 4:2-3.
120	ZEC	4	10	xm5j	writing-symlanguage	These seven lamps are the eyes of Yahweh that roam over the whole earth	The seven lamps symbolize the eyes of Yahweh, but they are not literally the eyes of Yahweh. The angel speaks of Yahweh seeing everything that happens on the earth as if his eyes roamed over the whole earth. Alternate translation: “These seven lamps represent the eyes of Yahweh, who sees everything that happens on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
121	ZEC	4	11	ac36		these two olive trees	This refers to the olive trees that Zechariah saw in Zechariah 4:2-3.
122	ZEC	4	12	t7zp		What are these two olive branches	Here Zechariah changes his question and asks about branches that are connected to the two olive trees.
123	ZEC	4	12	brf2		the two gold pipes	These pipes were not mentioned in the previous description of Zechariah’s vision. It is possible that they are connected to the bowl on top of the lampstand and provide the oil with which the lampstand burns.
124	ZEC	4	12	mv5r		golden oil	Here “golden” refers to the color of the oil and does not mean that the oil was made of gold.
125	ZEC	4	13	anh7	figs-rquestion	Do you not know what these are?	The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you know what these are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
126	ZEC	4	14	rx28	writing-symlanguage	These are the sons of fresh olive oil	The branches symbolize these people, but they are not literally the people. Alternate translation: “These two branches represent the sons of fresh olive oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
127	ZEC	4	14	j7gl	figs-idiom	the sons of fresh olive oil	This idiom means that these men have been anointed with fresh olive oil. A person who is anointed is one whom Yahweh has chosen or appointed for a special duty. Alternate translation: “the anointed men” or “the men whom Yahweh has appointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
128	ZEC	4	14	a6x2	figs-idiom	who stand before the Lord	The idiom “stand before” means to be in a person’s presence and to serve him. Alternate translation: “who serve the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
129	ZEC	5	intro	x2ef			Zechariah 05 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter contains the next two visions. One is about a flying scroll and one is about the basket filled with iniquity. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/iniquity]])
130	ZEC	5	1	xqx2		Then I turned	The word “I” refers to Zechariah.
131	ZEC	5	1	gf8m	figs-synecdoche	lifted my eyes	The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
132	ZEC	5	1	ynu9		behold	The word “behold” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw.
133	ZEC	5	2	gh1w	translate-bdistance	twenty cubits long and ten cubits wide	A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “9.2 meters long and 4.6 meters wide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
134	ZEC	5	3	c87q		General Information:	The angel continues to speak with Zechariah.
135	ZEC	5	3	lv5p	figs-metonymy	This is the curse	The word “this” refers to the scroll. The scroll is a metonym for what is written on the scroll. Alternate translation: “On this scroll is the curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
136	ZEC	5	3	mys3	figs-idiom	that goes out over the surface of the whole land	The phrase “the surface of the whole land” refers to every place within the land. It is implied that the curse will apply to every person who lives in the land. Alternate translation: “that is upon every person within the whole land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
137	ZEC	5	3	iha6	figs-metaphor	every thief will be cut off…everyone who swears a false oath will be cut off	Yahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cut off every thief…Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath” or “Yahweh will remove every thief from the land…Yahweh will remove from the land everyone who swears a false oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
138	ZEC	5	3	pu8h		what it says on the one side…what it says on the other side	“what the scroll says on one side…what the scroll says on the other side”
139	ZEC	5	4	jt2j		I will send it out	“I will send out the curse”
140	ZEC	5	4	alf7	figs-123person	this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:3. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
141	ZEC	5	4	y2v5	figs-metaphor	consume its timber and stones	The curse destroying the houses of the thief and of the one who swears falsely is spoken of as if the curse would consume the building materials that people had used to build the houses. Alternate translation: “destroy its wood and stones” or “completely destroy it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
142	ZEC	5	5	j4s3	figs-synecdoche	Raise your eyes	The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “Look up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
143	ZEC	5	6	mb23	translate-bvolume	This is a basket containing an ephah that is coming	An “ephah” is a unit of measurement for dry materials and is equal to 22 liters. Here the word is a metonym for the container that would hold an ephah of dry material. Alternate translation: “This is a measuring basket that is coming” or “This is a large container that is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
144	ZEC	5	6	bcy6	writing-symlanguage	This is their iniquity in the whole land	The basket symbolizes the people’s iniquity, but it is not literally their iniquity. Alternate translation: “This basket represents the iniquity of the people throughout the whole land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
145	ZEC	5	7	un6a	figs-activepassive	a lead covering was lifted off the basket	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: someone lifted a lead covering off the basket” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
146	ZEC	5	7	nn4h		there was a woman under it sitting in it	“there was a woman under the lead covering sitting in the basket”
147	ZEC	5	8	xg5w	writing-symlanguage	This is Wickedness	The woman represents wickedness. Alternate translation: “This woman represents wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
148	ZEC	5	8	glc2		He threw her…he threw the lead cover	“He thrust her…he forced the lead cover.” The word “threw” indicates the force with which the angel did these things. He did not literally throw the woman or the cover.
149	ZEC	5	9	zcp4	figs-synecdoche	I lifted my eyes	Here the word “eyes” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “I looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
150	ZEC	5	9	mt2r	figs-idiom	wind was in their wings	This idiom means that they were flying. Alternate translation: “they were flying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
151	ZEC	5	9	gde6		they had wings like a stork’s wings	A stork is a type of large bird that has a wingspan of two to four meters. Zechariah compares the size of the women’s wings with the size of the stork’s wings.
152	ZEC	5	9	xf59	figs-merism	They lifted up the basket between earth and heaven	The words “earth” and “heaven” form a merism that refer to the sky. It is implicit that the two women flew away with the basket. Alternate translation: “They lifted the basket up into the sky and flew away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
153	ZEC	5	11	dyi3	figs-ellipsis	To build a temple in the land of Shinar for it	The ellipsis can be supplied from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “They are taking the basket to the land of Shinar to build a temple for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
154	ZEC	5	11	un6q	figs-activepassive	the basket will be set there	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will set the basket there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
155	ZEC	5	11	gtm8		on its prepared base	The words “prepared base” refer to a pedestal or other kind of fixture upon which they will place the basket.
156	ZEC	6	intro	z96r			Zechariah 06 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is written mainly in prose and tells the last vision of the four chariots in the first part of the chapter. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 6:12-13. Special concepts in this chapter Crown The second part of the chapter is about a crown made for the high priest. This is an actual person, but the meaning of the word “branch” should be translated as his name. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Meaning of the visions The visions are stated and even when the prophet asked for an explanation, their true meaning is often obscure. This uncertainty should remain in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
157	ZEC	6	1	wvi1	figs-synecdoche	lifted my eyes	Here the word “eyes” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
158	ZEC	6	1	zj81		between two mountains; and the two mountains were made of bronze	Since the second phrase describes the mountains in the first phrase, the two phrases may be combined. Alternate translation: “between two bronze mountains”
159	ZEC	6	2	tw1y	figs-explicit	The first chariot had red horses	It is implicit that the horses were pulling the chariots. Alternate translation: “The first chariot had red horses pulling it” or “Red horses were pulling the first chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
160	ZEC	6	5	j43m	writing-symlanguage	These are the four winds of heaven	The chariots symbolize the four winds of heaven, but they are not literally the four winds. Alternate translation: “These chariots represent the four winds of heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
161	ZEC	6	5	cai5		the four winds of heaven	This phrase refers to the four directions from which the wind blows: north, east, south, and west. However, some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression to mean “four spirits.”
162	ZEC	6	5	u5ms	figs-idiom	standing before the Lord of all the earth	The idiom to “stand before” means to be in a person’s presence and to serve him. See how you translated this in Zechariah 4:14. Alternate translation: “serving the Lord of all the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
163	ZEC	6	6	v88q		the white horses are going out to the west country	Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew phrase to mean “the white horses are going out after them,” that is, following the black horses to the north country.
164	ZEC	6	6	g5r6	figs-metonymy	the white horses are…the spotted gray horses are	Here the horses represent the chariots that they pull. Alternate translation: “the chariot with the white horses is…the chariot with the spotted gray horses is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
165	ZEC	6	8	ny4a		he called out to me	“the angel called out to me”
166	ZEC	6	8	n3x1		Look at the ones	“Look at the black horses”
167	ZEC	6	8	c7ix	figs-metonymy	they will appease my spirit concerning the north country	The words “my spirit” refer to Yahweh, so many translations change this to read “Yahweh’s spirit.” Possible meanings are (1) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s emotions and appeasing his spirit means that the chariots will cause Yahweh no longer to be angry with the north country Alternate translation: “they will calm my anger concerning the north country” or (2) the word “spirit” represents Yahweh’s presence and the chariots will cause the Jews who live in the north land to experience Yahweh’s blessings. Alternate translation: “they will cause my spirit to rest in the north country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
168	ZEC	6	9	jej6	figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to me, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
169	ZEC	6	10	fez9	translate-names	Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
170	ZEC	6	10	m87p		this same day	“today”
171	ZEC	6	11	f66i	translate-names	Jehozadak	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
172	ZEC	6	11	x4hk		take the silver and gold, make a crown	“make a crown with the silver and gold”
173	ZEC	6	12	wn66		Speak to him and say	“Speak to Joshua and say”
174	ZEC	6	12	ihw2	figs-metaphor	his name is Branch	The word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahweh’s people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. See how you translated this name in Zechariah 3:8. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
175	ZEC	6	12	w53q	figs-metaphor	He will grow up where he is	The phrase “grow up” refers to the growth of a plant, and so continues the metaphor of this person as a “Branch.” This likely refers to this person appearing or coming into power as the one who would supervise the rebuilding of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
176	ZEC	6	13	lm52		He will be a priest on his throne	Possible meanings are (1) the “Branch” will be both priest and king or (2) the “Branch” will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. Alternate translation: “There will be a priest upon his throne”
177	ZEC	6	13	uyq6		he will bear a counsel of peace between the two	The words “the two” refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. Possible meanings are (1) the “Branch” will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or (2) the “Branch” who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace.
178	ZEC	6	14	ea75	figs-activepassive	The crown will given	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will give the crown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
179	ZEC	6	14	xn98	translate-names	Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah…Hen	These are the names of men. See how you translated these in Zechariah 6:10. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
180	ZEC	6	14	f3px		for Hen son of Zephaniah as a memorial	Some modern versions interpret this phrase as “as a memorial to the generosity of the son of Zephaniah” or “as a memorial to the one who is gracious, the son of Zephaniah.” Also, some modern versions interpret the name “Hen” as meaning the name “Josiah.”
181	ZEC	6	15	e6jp	figs-explicit	those who are far off	This refers to the Israelites who remain in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
182	ZEC	6	15	u2bz	figs-you	so you will know	The word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
183	ZEC	6	15	zqz3	figs-metonymy	truly listen to the voice of Yahweh your God	Here to “listen” means to obey and the word “voice” represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Alternate translation: “truly obey what Yahweh your God says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
184	ZEC	7	intro	meb2			Zechariah 07 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter starts about two years after the previous chapter and is written in prose. Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:4-14, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Special concepts in this chapter Fasting This chapter discusses fasting. People were asking the same questions as those from previous generations. The Israelites were asking these same questions before they were exiled from their land.
185	ZEC	7	1	v1rz	translate-ordinal	on the fourth day	“on day 4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
186	ZEC	7	1	vut4	translate-hebrewmonths	Kislev (which was the ninth month)	“Kislev” is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourth day of Kislev is near the end of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
187	ZEC	7	1	t9mu	figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to Zechariah	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
188	ZEC	7	2	sb2z	translate-names	Sharezer and Regem-Melek	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
189	ZEC	7	2	y9hy		beg	Here the word “beg” means to plead or ask urgently.
190	ZEC	7	2	b1wi	figs-metonymy	before the face of Yahweh	Here “face” is a metonym for Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
191	ZEC	7	3	kg2p		They spoke…they said	The word “they” refers to Sharezer and Regem Melek.
192	ZEC	7	3	ty6c	translate-ordinal	Should I mourn in the fifth month	“Should I mourn in month 5.” The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
193	ZEC	7	3	i8ej		by means of a fast	“by fasting”
194	ZEC	7	4	g84y	figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
195	ZEC	7	5	wdh2	translate-ordinal	in the fifth and in the seventh month	“in months 5 and 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
196	ZEC	7	5	v5v5	figs-ellipsis	in the fifth	The word “month” can be supplied in translation. Alternate translation: “in the fifth month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
197	ZEC	7	5	tfh8	figs-explicit	in the seventh month	The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
198	ZEC	7	5	d7zd	figs-explicit	for these seventy years	The assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
199	ZEC	7	5	n3dw	figs-rquestion	were you truly fasting for me?	This question is asked to make the people think about what their real reason for fasting had been. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you were not really fasting for me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
200	ZEC	7	6	p43p		When you ate and drank	Possible meanings are (1) when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or (2) when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting.
201	ZEC	7	6	ax5v	figs-rquestion	did you not eat and drink for yourselves?	This question is used to make the people think about whether they were honoring Yahweh when they ate and drank. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “it was for yourselves that you ate and drank.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
202	ZEC	7	7	qy27	figs-rquestion	Were these not the same words…to the west?	Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “These are the same words…to the west.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
203	ZEC	7	7	dqw4	figs-metonymy	by the mouth of the former prophets	Here “mouth” is a metonym for the words spoken by the mouth. Alternate translation: “by the words of the former prophets” or “through the former prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
204	ZEC	7	7	n812		you still inhabited Jerusalem	“you still lived in Jerusalem”
205	ZEC	7	7	vp7q		foothills	hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range
206	ZEC	7	8	jsk3	figs-idiom	The word of Yahweh came to Zechariah, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
207	ZEC	7	9	v17g	figs-abstractnouns	Judge with true justice, covenant faithfulness, and mercy	The abstract nouns “justice,” “faithfulness,” and “mercy” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “When you judge, be just, faithful to the covenant, and merciful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
208	ZEC	7	9	k9pm		Let each man do this	The word “this” refers to how a person should judge.
209	ZEC	7	10	b2r9		widow	a woman whose husband has died
210	ZEC	7	10	za7v		orphan	a child whose parents have died
211	ZEC	7	10	ht31		foreigner	someone who travels from his own land to a different land
212	ZEC	7	10	jdb5	figs-metonymy	let none of you plot any harm against another in your heart	Here “heart” represents the thoughts of a person. Alternate translation: “you must not make plans to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
213	ZEC	7	11	l8vz	figs-metaphor	set their shoulders stubbornly	This is an image of an ox refusing to allow its owner to put a yoke on its shoulders. This metaphor represents the people being stubborn. Alternate translation: “became stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
214	ZEC	7	11	if1l	figs-metaphor	They stopped up their ears so they would not hear	This is an image of people putting something into their ears so they would not hear the message from Yahweh. This metaphor represents the people not being willing to hear and obey. Alternate translation: “They refused to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
215	ZEC	7	12	ieh1	figs-simile	They made their hearts as hard as rock so they would not hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts	The people refusing to hear and obey Yahweh are compared to their being as unyielding as rock. Here the heart represents the will of a person. Alternate translation: “They stubbornly refused to hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
216	ZEC	7	12	j76s		in earlier times	“in the past”
217	ZEC	7	12	z4q7	figs-metonymy	by the mouth of the prophets	Here the “mouth of the prophets” is a metonym for the words that the prophets speak. Alternate translation: “through the words of the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
218	ZEC	7	14	hga8	figs-metaphor	I will scatter them with a whirlwind	Yahweh speaks of how he will scatter the people as if a whirlwind were scattering everything in its path. Alternate translation: “I will scatter them as a whirlwind scatters things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
219	ZEC	7	14	x4q6		whirlwind	a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage
220	ZEC	7	14	c1xg		delightful land	“pleasant land” or “fruitful land”
221	ZEC	8	intro	uri7			Zechariah 08 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is a series of sayings from Yahweh of hosts. Each saying is an encouraging note for those returning from the exile to the land of Judah and Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]])
222	ZEC	8	1	eh47	figs-idiom	The word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in Zechariah 7:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
223	ZEC	8	2	rx8t		I am passionate for Zion	“I have a strong desire to protect Zion”
224	ZEC	8	2	vc1c	figs-metonymy	for Zion	Here “Zion” represents the people of Zion. Alternate translation: “for the people of Zion” or “for the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
225	ZEC	8	2	w6qx	figs-explicit	with great anger	The implied information is that this anger is against the enemies of Zion. Alternate translation: “with great anger against her enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
226	ZEC	8	3	m9ri	figs-explicit	the mountain of Yahweh of hosts	The implied information is that this refers to Mount Zion, the location upon which the city of Jerusalem was built. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
227	ZEC	8	4	nus3		be in the streets of Jerusalem	“be living in Jerusalem”
228	ZEC	8	4	z297	figs-explicit	in his hand because he has grown so old	People having the opportunity to grow old implies the city will be peaceful and prosperous for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
229	ZEC	8	5	y52e		The streets of the city will be full	The public areas of the city will be full of people in their normal activities.
230	ZEC	8	6	n3ga	figs-metaphor	If something seems impossible in the eyes of	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “If something does not appear to be possible to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
231	ZEC	8	6	d5cx		the remnant of this people	“the people of Judah who survive”
232	ZEC	8	6	c478	figs-metaphor	in my eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
233	ZEC	8	6	kp58	figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:4. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
234	ZEC	8	7	f4bz	figs-explicit	I am about to rescue my people	The implied information is that the people are in exile. “I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
235	ZEC	8	7	x6hq	figs-merism	from the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sun	Possible meanings are (1) this is a poetic way of expressing specific countries to which the people were exiled. Alternate translation: “From the land to the east and from the land to the west” or (2) this is a merism that means from all directions. Alternate translation: “from all lands in every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
236	ZEC	8	8	bcy7	figs-abstractnouns	I will be their God in truth and in righteousness	This can be rewritten to remove the abstract nouns “truth” and “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I will be their God. I will be faithful to them and act toward them in a just manner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
237	ZEC	8	9	h94j	figs-idiom	Strengthen your hands	This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “Be strong and courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
238	ZEC	8	10	h2cs		For before those days	Here “those days” refers to the time the people of Judah started to rebuild the temple.
239	ZEC	8	10	gp8k		no crops were gathered in	“there were no crops to harvest”
240	ZEC	8	10	z6fg		there was no profit for either man or beast	It was useless for people and their animals to farm the land, because they got no food from it.
241	ZEC	8	10	qe6a	figs-merism	for anyone going or coming	This merism refers to all of life’s activities everywhere that anyone went. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
242	ZEC	8	10	uh2k		I had set every person each against his neighbor	“I had turned everyone against each other”
243	ZEC	8	11	cg9b		But now it will not be as in former days, I will be with the remnant of this people	“But I will not treat the remnant of this people now as I did in former days”
244	ZEC	8	11	pcv2	figs-explicit	in former days	“in the past.” The implied information is that this refers to the time when the people started rebuilding the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
245	ZEC	8	11	k5pg	figs-explicit	the remnant of this people	The implied information is that this is the remnant of the people who returned from exile. Alternate translation: “the people who returned from exile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
246	ZEC	8	11	ec3e	figs-123person	this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:3. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
247	ZEC	8	12	sdy1	figs-activepassive	seeds of peace will be sown	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “the people will safely sow seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
248	ZEC	8	12	nk96	figs-metaphor	the earth will give its produce; the skies will give their dew	The earth and skies are spoken of as if they were persons giving what is needed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
249	ZEC	8	12	gq8d		inherit all these things	“to have all these things”
250	ZEC	8	13	y21m	figs-explicit	You were an example to the other nations of a curse	The implied information is that the way Yahweh had allowed the temple to be destroyed and his people to be exiled had been used by other nations as an example of what it meant to be cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse a people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
251	ZEC	8	13	mk9i	figs-metonymy	house of Judah and house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Judah and Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
252	ZEC	8	13	sqv8	figs-explicit	you will be a blessing	Possible meanings are (1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. Alternate translation: “you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations” or (2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people” or (3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “I will give you many good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
253	ZEC	8	13	msq7	figs-idiom	let your hands be strong	This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “be strong and courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
254	ZEC	8	13	v8du	figs-metonymy	house of Judah and house of Israel	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: “people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
255	ZEC	8	14	z32e		do harm to you	“punish you”
256	ZEC	8	14	ry4z		provoked my anger	“angered me”
257	ZEC	8	14	pw4j		did not relent	“did not decide to punish them less”
258	ZEC	8	15	tg1a	figs-metonymy	Jerusalem	This is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
259	ZEC	8	16	r54n		that you must do	“You” refers to the people of Judah.
260	ZEC	8	16	iy65	figs-abstractnouns	Speak truth, every person with his neighbor	The abstract noun “truth” can be translated using the adjective “true.” Alternate translation: “Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
261	ZEC	8	16	m4ld		his neighbor	Here “neighbor” means any person, not just someone who lives nearby.
262	ZEC	8	16	u5kf	figs-abstractnouns	Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates	This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “truth,” “justice,” and “peace.” Alternate translation: “When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
263	ZEC	8	16	k4ez	figs-explicit	in your gates	The assumed knowledge is that this refers to the places where judgment took place. Alternate translation: “in your places of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
264	ZEC	8	17	l5wh	figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:4. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
265	ZEC	8	18	u3xt	figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in Zechariah 7:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
266	ZEC	8	18	uuz1		came to me	Here “me” refers to Zechariah.
267	ZEC	8	19	hr3x	translate-ordinal	The fasts of the fourth month, the fifth month, the seventh month, and the tenth month	“The fasts of months 4, 5, 7, and 10” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
268	ZEC	8	19	x9kp	figs-explicit	The fasts of the fourth month	The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians broke through the walls of Jerusalem. The fourth month is during the last part of June and the first part of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
269	ZEC	8	19	je6q	figs-explicit	the fifth month	The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. See how you translated this in Zechariah 7:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
270	ZEC	8	19	h4zn	figs-explicit	the seventh month	The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. See how you translated this in Zechariah 7:5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
271	ZEC	8	19	qk5a	figs-explicit	the tenth month	The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians began their siege against Jerusalem. The tenth month is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
272	ZEC	8	19	v6ls	figs-abstractnouns	times of joy, gladness, and happy festivals	The abstract nouns “joy” and “gladness” can be translated using adjectives. Alternate translation: “joyful and glad times, with happy festivals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
273	ZEC	8	19	vyd5	figs-metonymy	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
274	ZEC	8	19	c9gv	figs-abstractnouns	love truth and peace	The abstract nouns “truth” and “peace” can be translated using adjectives. Alternate translation: “love what is truthful and peaceful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
275	ZEC	8	20	r5qf	figs-explicit	People will come again	The implied information is that Jerusalem is where the people will come. Alternate translation: “People will come again to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
276	ZEC	8	21	rvs3	figs-metonymy	will go to another city	This is a metonym for the people in the other city. Alternate translation: “will go to the people of another city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
277	ZEC	8	21	b98a		beg	Here the word “beg” means to plead or ask urgently.
278	ZEC	8	21	k69q	figs-metonymy	before the face of Yahweh	Here “face” is a metonym for Yahweh’s presence. See how you translated this in Zechariah 7:2. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
279	ZEC	8	21	szh9	figs-metaphor	seek Yahweh of hosts	Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
280	ZEC	8	22	nz8j	figs-metonymy	mighty nations	This is a metonym for the people in the mighty nations. Alternate translation: “people of mighty nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
281	ZEC	8	23	vw6j	figs-explicit	will grasp the hem of your robe	The implied information is that the foreigners will grab their robe to get their attention. Alternate translation: “will grasp the hem of your robe to get your attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
282	ZEC	8	23	ed1e	figs-explicit	Let us go with you	The implied information is that people of God are going to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Let us go to Jerusalem with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
283	ZEC	8	23	wc2l		God is with you	“God is with you people”
284	ZEC	9	intro	lyp2			Zechariah 09 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is written mainly in prose about the cities and peoples around where Israel stood as a country until the exile. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 9:9-10. Special concepts in this chapter Prophecies against other nations The first two verses show that the prophecy concerns neighboring countries. Hamath, Damscus, Tyre and Sidon are cities in areas that were near Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
285	ZEC	9	1	gn78		This is a declaration of Yahweh’s word concerning	“This is Yahweh’s message about”
286	ZEC	9	1	fjj8	figs-metonymy	the land of Hadrak and Damascus	Here “Hadrak” and “Damascus” refer to the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “the people of the land of Hadrak and the city Damascus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
287	ZEC	9	1	xk5a		Hadrak	The location of Hadrak is unknown today.
288	ZEC	9	1	q7lh		its resting place	“the resting place of the people of Hadrak”
289	ZEC	9	1	fi2z		for the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh	Some versions translate this as “for Yahweh’s eye is on all mankind and on the tribes of Israel.”
290	ZEC	9	1	b62m	figs-metonymy	the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh	Here “eyes” refers to what they look at. Alternate translation: “all humanity and all the tribes of Israel look toward Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
291	ZEC	9	2	dbk5	figs-metonymy	Hamath	This refers to the people who live in that land. Alternate translation: “the people of the land of Hamath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
292	ZEC	9	2	x51x	figs-metonymy	Tyre and Sidon	This refers to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “the people of Tyre and Sidon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
293	ZEC	9	2	z6mi	figs-irony	for they are very wise	Possible meanings are (1) the people are wise for looking at Yahweh for help or (2) Zechariah did not really mean that the people of Hamath were wise and was using irony. Alternate translation: “though they think they are very wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
294	ZEC	9	3	vi9s	figs-personification	built herself a stronghold	Here the city of Tyre is pictured as a woman. Alternate translation: “built a strong fortress” or “built a high wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
295	ZEC	9	3	p2xv	figs-hyperbole	heaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streets	Yahweh exaggerates to emphasize how rich Tyre was. Alternate translation: “accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
296	ZEC	9	4	ps4e		Look! The Lord will dispossess her	Here “Look!” tells the reader to pay attention to the important statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyre’s possessions”
297	ZEC	9	4	nf2a	figs-metonymy	destroy her strength on the sea	Tyre’s “strength on the sea” refers to the ships that were used for commerce and conquest. Alternate translation: “destroy Tyre’s ships in which men fight on the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
298	ZEC	9	4	rk76	figs-activepassive	so she will be devoured by fire	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and enemies will burn the city to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
299	ZEC	9	5	zx4k	figs-metonymy	Ashkelon…Gaza…Ekron, her hopes	These cities each refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “The people of Ashkelon…the people of Gaza…the hopes of the people of Ekron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
300	ZEC	9	5	ae33		will see	“will see Tyre be destroyed”
301	ZEC	9	6	fmu2		Strangers will make their homes in Ashdod	“Foreigners will take over Ashdod and live there”
302	ZEC	9	6	r481	figs-idiom	I will cut off the pride of the Philistines	Here “cut off” is an idiom that means to stop their pride. Alternate translation: “I will make the Philistines to be proud of themselves no longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
303	ZEC	9	7	efh7	figs-metonymy	I will remove their blood from their mouths and their abominations from between their teeth	Here “blood” is a metonym for meat with blood in it, and “abominations” is a metonym for meat offered to idols. Alternate translation: “I will no longer allow them to eat meat that still has blood in it, and I will forbid them to eat food that they offered to idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
304	ZEC	9	8	l2f6	figs-metaphor	I will camp around my land	God is speaking about himself as if he were an army that was protecting his land. Alternate translation: “I will protect my land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
305	ZEC	9	8	lp3e		for now	“For at that time”
306	ZEC	9	8	gnt8	figs-metonymy	I see with my own eyes	Here “my own eyes” represent Yahweh’s personal attention. Alternate translation: “I will personally watch over my land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
307	ZEC	9	9	iqk3		General Information:	Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13.
308	ZEC	9	9	u6p1	figs-parallelism	Shout with great joy, daughter of Zion! Shout with happiness, daughter of Jerusalem!	These two sentences mean the same thing and intensify the command to rejoice. Yahweh is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if they were present, but they were not there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
309	ZEC	9	9	apz5		daughter of Zion…daughter of Jerusalem	“Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. See how you translated “daughter of Zion” in Zechariah 2:10.
310	ZEC	9	9	sey9		Behold!	This alerts the reader to pay special attention to the surprising statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention!” or “Here is a surprising fact!”
311	ZEC	9	9	ke7v		Your king is coming to you with righteousness and is rescuing you	“Your king is righteous and is coming to rescue you”
312	ZEC	9	9	kjw8	figs-doublet	on a donkey, on the colt of a donkey	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to one animal. The second phrase clarifies that this is a young donkey. Alternate translation: “on a young donkey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
313	ZEC	9	10	ca4d		cut off the chariot from Ephraim	Here “cut off” is an idiom that means to destroy. Alternate translation: “destroy the chariots in Israel that are used for battle”
314	ZEC	9	10	f5sv	figs-explicit	the horse from Jerusalem	The references to “chariot” and “bow” means that this refers to horses used in battle. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the warhorses in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
315	ZEC	9	10	n8py	figs-synecdoche	the bow will be cut off from battle	Here the bow represents all weapons used in warfare. Alternate translation: “all weapons of war will be destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
316	ZEC	9	10	xh6q	figs-metonymy	for he will speak peace to the nations	Here the action of announcing peace represents the action of making peace. Alternate translation: “for your king will bring peace to the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
317	ZEC	9	10	m1ef	figs-doublet	his dominion will be from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth!	The phrases “sea to sea” and “from the River to the ends of the earth” mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will be over all the earth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
318	ZEC	9	10	rij4		the River	This probably refers to the Euphrates River.
319	ZEC	9	11	w1wr		General Information:	Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13.
320	ZEC	9	11	tj3z		As for you	Here “you” is singular, and continues to refer to the city of Jerusalem, also called “Zion.”
321	ZEC	9	11	n83k	figs-metaphor	the pit where there is no water	This dry pit represents the exile in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
322	ZEC	9	12	g5c5	figs-metaphor	Return to the stronghold	Jerusalem is spoken of as a place of safety. Alternate translation: “Come back to your nation where you will be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
323	ZEC	9	12	v54r		prisoners of hope	This expression refers to the Israelites in exile who were still trusting in God to rescue them. Alternate translation: “prisoners who still hope in Yahweh”
324	ZEC	9	12	xt6s		return double to you	“return to you twice as much as was taken from you”
325	ZEC	9	13	sjg3		Zion	This refers to the city of Jerusalem, also called “Zion.”
326	ZEC	9	13	mwe7	figs-metaphor	I have bent Judah as my bow	The people of Judah are referred to as if they were a bow carried by God into battle. Here “Judah” refers to the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Judah to be like my bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
327	ZEC	9	13	ki73	figs-metaphor	filled my quiver with Ephraim	Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel, the northern kingdom, as if they were arrows that he would shoot at his enemies. A quiver is a bag that holds a soldier’s arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
328	ZEC	9	13	es7k	figs-metonymy	I have roused your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece	God is speaking to the people of two different nations at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
329	ZEC	9	14	h8w9		General Information:	In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.
330	ZEC	9	14	ms12		will appear to them	The word “them” refers to God’s people. Alternate translation: “will be seen in the sky by his people” or “will come to his people”
331	ZEC	9	14	j3mb	figs-simile	his arrows will shoot out like lightning!	The Israelites sometimes thought of lightning bolts as arrows that God shot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
332	ZEC	9	14	qh4y		blow the trumpet	The trumpets were rams’ horns. People blew into them to give signals in battle and on other occasions. Here the trumpet is blown as a military signal.
333	ZEC	9	14	cdu9		will advance with the storms from Teman	Team was located to the south of Judah. The Israelites sometimes thought of God as traveling on violent storms coming from the south. Alternate translation: “will march from Teman with the storm winds”
334	ZEC	9	15	rq95		they will devour them	“the people of Judah will devour their enemies”
335	ZEC	9	15	l59u	figs-metaphor	will devour	To completely defeat enemies is spoken of as devouring them as a wild animal eats its prey. Alternate translation: “will completely defeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
336	ZEC	9	15	fq6x	figs-metonymy	defeat the stones of the slings	Slings to throw stones were a common weapon in the days of Zechariah. Here the “stones of the slings” represent the soldiers who were using them to attack Israel. Alternate translation: “defeat the enemies who attack them with slings and stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
337	ZEC	9	15	ure5	figs-simile	Then they will drink and shout like men drunk on wine	The people of Judah will shout and celebrate their victory over their enemies as if they were noisy drunks. Alternate translation: “Then they will shout and celebrate their victory as loudly as if they were drunk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
338	ZEC	9	15	t8ng	figs-simile	they will be filled with wine like bowls	This probably refers to the bowls that the priests used to carry animal’s blood to the altar. Alternate translation: “they will be as full of wine as the basins with which priests carry blood to the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
339	ZEC	9	15	h8j2	figs-simile	like the corners of the altar	Altars had projecting corners that were drenched in animal blood. Alternate translation: “they will be drenched as the corners of the altar are covered in blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
340	ZEC	9	16	t4gy		General Information:	In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.
341	ZEC	9	16	i4qw	figs-simile	God will rescue them…as the flock of his people	The people of Israel are spoken of as if they are God’s sheep that he cares for and protects. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
342	ZEC	9	16	kyv5	figs-metaphor	They are the jewels of a crown	The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were the expensive jewels in the crown of a king that show how glorious he is. Alternate translation: “They will be like beautiful stones in a crown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
343	ZEC	9	17	udt9	figs-exclamations	How good and how beautiful they will be!	This is an exclamation, and not a question. Alternate translation: “They will be very good and beautiful!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
344	ZEC	9	17	rzm2	figs-parallelism	The young men will flourish on grain and the virgins on sweet wine!	This sentence uses a parallel structure to express that everyone will have plenty to eat and drink. If your readers might think that only the men ate and only the women drank, you may want to adjust the wording. Alternate translation: “All of the people, both men and women, will have plenty of grain to eat and sweet wine to drink!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
345	ZEC	9	17	uf1p	figs-parallelism	The young men…the virgins	These two phrases are parallel and together represent the entire population of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
346	ZEC	9	17	x8zq	figs-parallelism	grain…sweet wine	These two phrases are parallel and together represent all of the different kinds of the food and drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
347	ZEC	10	intro	jmh9			Zechariah 10 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]]) Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 10:1-2. Special concepts in this chapter Redemption This book, and especially this chapter, uses the concepts of redemption and remnant to share the relationship that the people of Judah have with their God. So many of the people of Israel perished as their kingdom went into exile. Now they are returning to the land, but the land is no longer theirs. They are living under foreign rule. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]])
348	ZEC	10	1	v7qp		General Information:	Zechariah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
349	ZEC	10	1	ybt5		vegetation in the field	“causes plants to grow in the field”
350	ZEC	10	2	wcl5		household idols speak falsely	“household idols give false messages.” Zechariah is not suggesting that idols actually speak. He is referring to the messages people say they hear from idols. The UST makes this explicit.
351	ZEC	10	2	tc8c		diviners envision a lie	“diviners see false visions”
352	ZEC	10	2	e8gu	figs-explicit	they tell deceitful dreams	It is implied that they know these dreams are false. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “diviners lie about their dreams in order to deceive people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
353	ZEC	10	2	xi1f		empty comfort	This refers to words that sooth temporarily, but do not provide any longterm help.
354	ZEC	10	2	nb46	figs-simile	they wander like sheep	The people who do not have true prophets who tell the truth are spoken of as sheep who do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: “the people who listen to the false prophets are like sheep who do not know which way to go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
355	ZEC	10	2	zr2e	figs-simile	they…suffer because there is no shepherd	The people who do not have true prophets are spoken of as sheep who suffer because they do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: “the people who listen to the false prophets…are suffering like sheep who do not have a shepherd to guide them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
356	ZEC	10	3	e9x1		General Information:	It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5.
357	ZEC	10	3	iq7u	figs-metaphor	My wrath burns against the shepherds	Here “the shepherds” represent the leaders of God’s people. The intensity of Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it was a blazing fire. Alternate translation: “My anger toward the shepherds of my people is as intense as a fire” or “I am very angry with the leaders of my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
358	ZEC	10	3	ir6n	figs-metaphor	it is the male goats—the leaders—that I will punish	Male goats are typically more dominant than female goats. Here “male goats” represents the oppressive leaders of God’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
359	ZEC	10	3	r33n		Yahweh of hosts will also attend to his flock, the house of Judah	Here Yahweh’s care for his people is spoken of as a shepherd cares for his sheep. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts will take care of the house of Judah as a shepherd cares for his sheep”
360	ZEC	10	3	t1tc	figs-metonymy	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
361	ZEC	10	3	dd5g	figs-metaphor	make them like his warhorse in battle	Yahweh changes the metaphor for his people from defenseless sheep to a mighty war horse. He speaks of his people as if they were a strong horse in battle. Alternate translation: “will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
362	ZEC	10	4	l1sr		General Information:	It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5.
363	ZEC	10	4	se8u	figs-metaphor	From Judah will come the cornerstone	“The cornerstone will come from Judah.” The most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main foundation stone of a building. Alternate translation: “One of the descendants of Judah will become the most important ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
364	ZEC	10	4	xep2	writing-symlanguage	the cornerstone…the tent peg…the war bow	Possible meanings for these three things are (1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or (2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
365	ZEC	10	4	q653	figs-metaphor	from him will come the tent peg	“the tent peg will come from him.” The tent pegs held the ropes that supported tents in which people lived. Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main peg that holds a tent in place. Alternate translation: “the leader who will hold the nation together will come from Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
366	ZEC	10	4	mgt1	figs-metaphor	from him will come the war bow	“the war bow will come from him.” Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the a war bow that was used in battle. Alternate translation: “the military leader will come from Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
367	ZEC	10	4	cw1m		from him will come every ruler together	“every ruler will come from Judah”
368	ZEC	10	5	sg3z	figs-simile	They will be like warriors…streets in battle	The rulers from Judah are spoken of as if they were victorious warriors. Alternate translation: “They will be mighty in battle, trampling their enemies into the mud of the streets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
369	ZEC	10	5	f7n7	figs-idiom	who trample their enemies into the mud of the streets in battle	To trample them into the mud is an idiom that means to completely defeat them. Alternate translation: “who defeat their enemies completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
370	ZEC	10	5	xrr5	figs-idiom	Yahweh is with them	Here “with them” is an idiom that means he is present to help them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
371	ZEC	10	5	a47d	figs-metonymy	they will shame those who ride warhorses	Here shame accompanies and represents defeat. Alternate translation: “they will defeat their enemies who ride warhorses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
372	ZEC	10	6	skk5		General Information:	In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
373	ZEC	10	6	tf8l	figs-metonymy	the house of Judah	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
374	ZEC	10	6	q4yn	figs-metonymy	the house of Joseph	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
375	ZEC	10	6	b62v	figs-metaphor	I had not cast them off	This speaks of the people as a torn or dirty garment that Yahweh took off and threw away. This symbolizes rejection. Alternate translation: “I had not rejected them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
376	ZEC	10	7	zfa5	figs-simile	Ephraim will be like a warrior	“Ephraim” refers here to the northern kingdom of Israel. Warriors are strong. Alternate translation: “Ephraim will be very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
377	ZEC	10	7	pg8l	figs-synecdoche	their hearts will rejoice as with wine	Here “hearts” refers to the whole person. They will have the same joy as a person who is enjoying drinking wine. Alternate translation: “and they will be very happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
378	ZEC	10	7	u9gr		their children will see and rejoice. Their hearts will rejoice in me!	“their children will see what has taken place and will be happy because of what Yahweh has done for them!”
379	ZEC	10	8	rt4z		General Information:	In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
380	ZEC	10	8	h3zu		I will whistle	To whistle is to produce a high, shrill sound with air through narrowed lips. It is often done to give a signal to other people, as here.
381	ZEC	10	9	a419	figs-metaphor	I sowed them among the peoples	The exile of the people is spoken of as if they were seed that Yahweh had planted in a distant land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
382	ZEC	10	10	qvy9		until there is no more room for them	The people will continue to go back to Judah and it will become crowded with no room for any more people to live there. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “and they will completely fill the land”
383	ZEC	10	11	gh3n		General Information:	In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
384	ZEC	10	11	kec9	figs-metaphor	I will pass through the sea of their affliction	Scripture often refers to the sea as an image of many troubles and hardships. Here Yahweh speaks of himself accompanying the people to help them go through these afflictions. Alternate translation: “I will go with them and help them as they go through their many afflictions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
385	ZEC	10	11	sq3e	figs-idiom	I will strike the waves of that sea	Here to “strike” the waves is an idiom that means he will stop the waves from forming. Stopping the afflictions of his people is spoken of as calming the waves of that sea. Alternate translation: “I will cause the waves of that sea of affliction to stop” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
386	ZEC	10	11	ve5n		will dry up all the depths of the Nile	“I will cause the Nile River to lose all its water”
387	ZEC	10	11	h8a4	figs-metonymy	The majesty of Assyria will be brought down	Here “the majesty of Assyria” probably refers to the Assyrian army. Alternate translation: “I will destroy Assyria’s proud army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
388	ZEC	10	11	g3sx	figs-metonymy	the scepter of Egypt will go away from the Egyptians	Here “the scepter of Egypt” refers to the political power of Egypt. Alternate translation: “the power of Egypt to rule other nations will end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
389	ZEC	10	12	wnc7		I will strengthen them in myself	“I will cause them to be strong and to believe in me”
390	ZEC	10	12	dh7y	figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:4. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
391	ZEC	11	intro	up7e			Zechariah 11 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter unlike the previous one is a warning against the leaders amongst the exiles. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 11:1-3, 17. Important figures of speech in this chapter Metaphor This chapter uses an extended metaphor of sheep and shepherds to convey Yahweh’s dismay at the leaders during the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Symbolism The writer uses symbolism. Zechariah is told to become a shepherd. He uses two staffs and names them “Unity” and “Favor.” He does this very purposefully. In order to preserve this symbolism, it is important to pay attention to the specific words used. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])
392	ZEC	11	1	d6vm	figs-metaphor	Open your doors, Lebanon, that fire may devour	Not resisting what is about to happen is spoken of as if Lebanon were opening its doors. Here “Lebanon” is a metonym that represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “People of Lebanon, get ready, because fire will devour” or “People of Lebanon, do not try to stop the fire that will devour” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
393	ZEC	11	1	kmf3	figs-metaphor	fire may devour your cedars	Fire completely burning up the cedars is spoken of as if the fire would devour the cedars. Alternate translation: “fire may completely destroy your cedars” or “fire may completely burn up your cedars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
394	ZEC	11	2	fu2k	figs-personification	Lament, cypress trees, for the cedar trees have fallen	Cypress trees are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: “If the trees were people, they would cry out in sorrow. The cypress trees stand alone because the cedars have burned and fallen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
395	ZEC	11	2	fq53	figs-activepassive	What was majestic has been devastated	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The majestic cedar trees are no more” or “The cedar trees were once majestic, but now they are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
396	ZEC	11	2	gbt2	figs-personification	Lament, you oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest has gone down.	The oaks of Bash are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: “If the oak trees in Bashan were people, they would wail, for their thick forests are gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
397	ZEC	11	3	pb1q		The shepherds howl	“The shepherds cry out loudly”
398	ZEC	11	3	ji77	figs-metonymy	for their glory has been destroyed	Here “their glory” probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. Alternate translation: “for their rich pastures are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
399	ZEC	11	3	h9cl	figs-metonymy	for the pride of the Jordan River has been devastated	Here “the pride” probably represents the forests that grew near the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
400	ZEC	11	4	zxx9	translate-symaction	General Information:	In 11:4-17 is a story about two shepherds. Possible meanings are (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
401	ZEC	11	4	u48q		watch over the flock set aside for slaughter	“take care of a flock of sheep that the owners plan to slaughter”
402	ZEC	11	5	ip1w	figs-activepassive	are not punished	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one punishes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
403	ZEC	11	6	ljs6	figs-123person	this is Yahweh’s declaration	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:4. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
404	ZEC	11	6	f3ps		See!	“Listen!” or “Pay attention!”
405	ZEC	11	6	t499	figs-rpronouns	I myself	The word “myself” is used to emphasize that it is Yahweh who will do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
406	ZEC	11	6	qz87	figs-metonymy	turn over every person into the hand of his neighbor and into the hand of his king	Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “allow the people to harm each other and the king will oppress them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
407	ZEC	11	6	sr77	figs-metonymy	none of them will I deliver them from their hand	Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will not save them from those who are harming them” or “I will not rescue them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
408	ZEC	11	7	jsk4		for those who dealt in sheep	“for those who bought and sold sheep”
409	ZEC	11	7	gy5l		Favor	Other versions of the Bible translate this word as “grace,” “beauty,” or “pleasant.”
410	ZEC	11	8	kqz7		I became impatient with them,	Possible meanings are (1) “them” refers to the three shepherds or (2) “them” refers to the sheep owners.
411	ZEC	11	9	cnt4	figs-activepassive	the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the sheep that are perishing—let them perish” or “the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
412	ZEC	11	11	m881	figs-activepassive	the covenant was broken	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the covenant ended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
413	ZEC	11	11	ve5p	figs-explicit	knew that Yahweh had spoken	It is implied that those watching knew Yahweh was giving them a message through the breaking of the staff. Alternate translation: “knew that Yahweh had given them a message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
414	ZEC	11	12	x7fr	figs-explicit	thirty pieces of silver	It is implied that this was very little pay for the shepherd. Alternate translation: “only thirty pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
415	ZEC	11	12	zf3a	translate-numbers	thirty pieces	“30 pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
416	ZEC	11	13	e1ta		General Information:	The parable about shepherds and sheep continues.
417	ZEC	11	13	dv1a		treasury	This is the place in the temple of Yahweh where the priests kept the money. Many versions of the Bible translate this as “potter.” This is the person who would melt metal to make vessels out of it. Here Yahweh would mean that the payment is so small that the shepherd should have the silver melted to show how insulted he was.
418	ZEC	11	13	ye4f	figs-irony	the excellent price	Yahweh uses irony to say that this price was very small for a shepherd doing Yahweh’s work. Alternate translation: “the ridiculously small amount of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
419	ZEC	11	14	js8t	figs-metonymy	between Judah and Israel	Here “Judah” represents the people of the southern kingdom and “Israel” represents the people of the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: “between the people of Judah and the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
420	ZEC	11	15	q7l8	translate-symaction	General Information:	This continues the story about two shepherds that began in Zechariah 11:4. Possible meanings are (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
421	ZEC	11	16	t1g5	figs-idiom	I am about to set in place a shepherd in the land	Here “set in place” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am about to appoint a shepherd in the land” or “I am about to put a shepherd in charge in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
422	ZEC	11	16	qq2g		the fattened sheep	“the fattest sheep” or “the best sheep”
423	ZEC	11	16	wwi6		will tear off their hooves	This was probably done as an act of cruelty.
424	ZEC	11	17	wum9	figs-metonymy	May the sword	Here “sword” represents enemies who will attack the shepherd. Alternate translation: “May enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
425	ZEC	11	17	zwk6	figs-idiom	come against his arm and his right eye	Here “come against” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “strike and wound his right arm and pierce his right eye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
426	ZEC	11	17	gqb9	figs-metonymy	his arm	Here “arm” represents the power to fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
427	ZEC	11	17	c27h	figs-explicit	his right eye	A soldier would use his right eye to look around the shield that he held with his left hand. If his right eye was wounded, he would not be able to see to fight in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
428	ZEC	11	17	h47i		his arm wither away	“his arm waste away” or “his arm become completely useless”
429	ZEC	12	intro	cr4a			Zechariah 12 General Notes Structure and formatting Similar to chapter 11, this chapter is written mainly in prose and is talking about Jerusalem. Special concepts in this chapter Prophecy Verses 10-11 are quoted in the New Testament and apply to Jesus’ death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]])
430	ZEC	12	1	vy11		General Information:	These verses begin a section that tells about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
431	ZEC	12	1	mz3s	figs-metaphor	who stretched out the skies	This is a metaphor that speaks of the sky as if it were like a scroll that is rolled up and needs to be stretched out. Alternate translation: “the one who created the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
432	ZEC	12	1	gzl6	figs-metaphor	laid the foundation of the earth	This is a metaphor that speaks of the earth as if it were a building with a foundation. Alternate translation: “put all the earth into place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
433	ZEC	12	1	gnm5		fashions the spirit of mankind within man	This is a metaphor that speaks of the spirit as if it were like clay that a potter shapes. Alternate translation: “creates the human spirit”
434	ZEC	12	2	ez4w	figs-metaphor	I am about to make Jerusalem into a cup…to stagger about	Yahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if Yahweh would make Jerusalem a cup full of an alcoholic drink that will cause the surrounding peoples to get drunk and stagger. Alternate translation: “Soon it will be like I make Jerusalem into a cup…to stagger about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
435	ZEC	12	2	s5lx	figs-metonymy	into a cup	Here “cup” represents the cup and the contents within the cup. Alternate translation: “into a cup full of wine” or “into a cup full of an alcoholic drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
436	ZEC	12	2	h8sn	figs-personification	surrounding her	Here “her” refers to the city of Jerusalem. It was common in Hebrew to speak of a city or country as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
437	ZEC	12	3	u546	figs-metaphor	I will make Jerusalem a heavy stone for all the peoples	Yahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if he would make Jerusalem a heavy stone. Alternate translation: “It will be like I will make Jerusalem a heavy stone for all the peoples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
438	ZEC	12	4	h97f		General Information:	These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
439	ZEC	12	4	w42z	figs-metaphor	Over the house of Judah I will open my eyes	Opening eyes over someone here is a metaphor for wanting to do good things for that person. Alternate translation: “I will do good things for the house of Judah” or “I will protect the house of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
440	ZEC	12	4	jgj7	figs-metonymy	the house of Judah	Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
441	ZEC	12	5	g3n8	figs-metonymy	say in their hearts	Here “hearts” represents a person’s mind. Alternate translation: “think to themselves” or “say to themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
442	ZEC	12	5	w95z	figs-abstractnouns	are our strength	The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as “strong” or “encourage.” Alternate translation: “make us strong” or “encourage us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
443	ZEC	12	5	u38m		Yahweh of hosts, their God	“Yahweh of hosts, the God they worship”
444	ZEC	12	6	t6hr		General Information:	This verse continues telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
445	ZEC	12	6	zv3y	figs-simile	like firepots among wood…standing grain	This simile means Yahweh will enable the leaders of Judah to be strong and able to lead the people to defeat their enemies. Alternate translation: “like firepots among stacked firewood…unharvested stalks of grain standing in a field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
446	ZEC	12	6	cjb8		firepots	clay pots in which ancient people often carried burning coals
447	ZEC	12	6	vm57		flaming torch	a wooden stick that is burning at one end which gives light as one travels or carries fire somewhere
448	ZEC	12	6	iv6n	figs-metaphor	will consume all the surrounding peoples	Completely destroying the peoples is spoken of as if the people of Judah will “devour” them. Alternate translation: “will destroy the surrounding peoples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
449	ZEC	12	6	l53t	figs-merism	on their right and on their left	Here “right” and “left” represent every direction. Alternate translation: “in every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
450	ZEC	12	6	hh2l	figs-metonymy	Jerusalem will again live in her own place	Here “Jerusalem” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem will again live in their own city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
451	ZEC	12	7	qxb1		General Information:	These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
452	ZEC	12	7	nba7	figs-metonymy	the tents of Judah	Here “tents” represents homes, and homes represent the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
453	ZEC	12	7	h87n	figs-metonymy	the house of David	Possible meanings are (1) the descendants of David or (2) the ruling class of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
454	ZEC	12	8	ys6n	figs-simile	those who are weak among them will be like David	This simile means those who are weak will be strong. Alternate translation: “those who are weak will be strong like David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
455	ZEC	12	8	zz25		the angel of Yahweh	This is an angel sent by Yahweh to protect the people.
456	ZEC	12	10	f9d7	figs-metaphor	I will pour out a spirit of compassion and pleading on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem	Causing the people to be compassionate and to plead is spoken of as if the spirit were a liquid that Yahweh would pour on them. Alternate translation: “I will cause the house of David and inhabitants of Jerusalem to have mercy on others and to pray to me for mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
457	ZEC	12	10	dtc6		a spirit of compassion and pleading	Here this means to have a characteristic of compassion and pleading.
458	ZEC	12	10	c3sx	figs-metonymy	the house of David	Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
459	ZEC	12	10	zpa3		the one they have pierced	“the one whom they stabbed to death”
460	ZEC	12	10	rxx7	figs-ellipsis	for an only son	It is understood that the “son” has died. Alternate translation: “for an only son who has died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
461	ZEC	12	11	mcu4	translate-names	the laments in Jerusalem will be like the laments at Hadad Rimmon	Hadad Rimmon may have been the place where the good King Josiah died of battle wounds after the Battle of Megiddo. It appears that the custom arose to hold periodic mourning there for his death. Some people, however, think that Hadad Rimmon was the name of a false god who was believed to die every year, an event for which his worshipers would go into mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
462	ZEC	12	11	qg93	translate-names	Megiddo	This is the name of a plain in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
463	ZEC	12	12	jj6q	figs-metonymy	The land will mourn	This represents all the people living in the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “All the people in the land of Judah will mourn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
464	ZEC	12	12	qth7	figs-metonymy	The clan of the house of David…The clan of the house of Nathan	Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of David…The descendants of Nathan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
465	ZEC	12	13	r6fc	figs-metonymy	The clan of the house of Levi	Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Levi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
466	ZEC	13	intro	jz2l			Zechariah 13 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is written partly in prose and partly in poetry. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 13:7-9. Special concepts in this chapter Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase “that day” or “in that day.” When referencing a future “day,” the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
467	ZEC	13	1	f2a5	figs-metaphor	a spring will be opened…for their sin and impurity	Forgiving the people’s sins is spoken of as if a spring of water will wash away their sins. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will be like a spring opens…to cleanse their sin and impurity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
468	ZEC	13	1	f3zc		a spring	a place where water flows naturally out of the ground
469	ZEC	13	1	s36v	figs-metonymy	the house of David	Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
470	ZEC	13	2	x2wt	figs-123person	this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:3. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
471	ZEC	13	2	v452	figs-metaphor	I will cut off the names of the idols from the land	Causing the people to no longer mention the names of idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would “cut off the names of the idols from the land.” Alternate translation: “I will cause the people to no longer mention the names of the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
472	ZEC	13	2	u9ue	figs-idiom	they will no longer be remembered	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that they no longer think about the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
473	ZEC	13	2	mck6	figs-metaphor	I will remove the prophets and the spirit of impurity from the land	The prophets may refer to “false prophets.” The spirit of impurity is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “I will also remove from the land the false prophets and their evil spirits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
474	ZEC	13	3	l7gb	figs-explicit	to prophesy	It is implied that these are false prophecies. Alternate translation: “to prophesy falsely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
475	ZEC	13	3	rx4l	figs-distinguish	his father and mother who bore him	The phrase “who bore him” describes “his father and mother” in order to express surprise that someone’s own parents would treat him in this way. Alternate translation: “his own father and mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
476	ZEC	13	3	s24k		You will not live	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “You must die”
477	ZEC	13	3	w2sb	figs-metonymy	you speak lies in the name of Yahweh	Speaking in the name of someone means speaking with his power and authority, or as his representative. Alternate translation: “you claim to speak for Yahweh but you speak lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
478	ZEC	13	3	bap1		will pierce	“will stab and kill him”
479	ZEC	13	4	u383	figs-explicit	each prophet	This implies false prophets. Alternate translation: “every false prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
480	ZEC	13	4	jx8d	figs-explicit	no longer wear a hairy cloak	Prophets often wore heavy outer garments made of animal hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
481	ZEC	13	5	wud8		I am a man who works the soil	“I am a farmer”
482	ZEC	13	5	ip2z		the land became my work while I was still a young man	“I became a farmer when I was young.” Some versions of the Bible translate this as “a man sold me as a slave when I was young.”
483	ZEC	13	6	q1gg	figs-explicit	What are these wounds between your arms?	“How did you get those cuts on your chest?” This refers to the apparent custom of false prophets wounding themselves in their ceremonies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
484	ZEC	13	6	f1cf	figs-explicit	he will answer	It is implied that his answer is a lie. Alternate translation: “he will lie to him saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
485	ZEC	13	7	l7mc	writing-poetry	General Information:	Zechariah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here Yahweh begins speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
486	ZEC	13	7	c9hl	figs-personification	Sword! Rouse yourself against my shepherd	“You, sword! Go and attack my shepherd.” Here Yahweh speaks to a sword as if it were a person. Here it represents enemies. Alternate translation: “You, enemies! Go and attack my shepherd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
487	ZEC	13	7	z2t4	figs-metaphor	my shepherd	This speaks of a servant of Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: “my servant who is like a shepherd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
488	ZEC	13	7	r27c	figs-123person	this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Zechariah 1:3. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
489	ZEC	13	7	ttv9	figs-metaphor	the flock will scatter	The people of God are spoken of as if they were sheep. Alternate translation: “my people will run away like sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
490	ZEC	13	7	kp5p	figs-idiom	I will turn my hand against the lowly ones	The idiom “turn my hand against” means to act hostile towards someone. Alternate translation: “I will attack the lowly ones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
491	ZEC	13	7	tys6		the lowly ones	This probably refers to all the Israelites who are weak and defenseless.
492	ZEC	13	8	u8xd	figs-metaphor	that two-thirds of it will be cut off! Those people will perish; only one-third will remain there	People being killed is spoken of as if they are cut off like cloth is cut from a garment or a branch is cut from a plant. Alternate translation: “that two out of every three people will die! Only one person out of three will remain in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
493	ZEC	13	9	ac7v	figs-metaphor	I will bring that third through the fire	Metal is passed through fire in order to purify or harden it. This expression serves here as a metaphor for exposing the people to suffering in order that they may become more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
494	ZEC	13	9	h19l	figs-metaphor	refine them as silver is refined; I will test them as gold is tested	Refining refers to making precious metals such as silver more pure. Metals such as silver and gold are tested in order to discover how pure or strong they are. Both refining and testing are here metaphors for making the people more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
495	ZEC	13	9	ru4e	figs-metonymy	They will call on my name	Here “name” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “They will call out to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
496	ZEC	14	intro	ljq3			Zechariah 14 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is written in prose about Jerusalem during the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) Special concepts in this chapter Last days Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase “that day” or “in that day.” When referencing a future “day,” the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days.
497	ZEC	14	1	zs1r		General Information:	This chapter describes the final war for the city of Jerusalem and how God will save it.
498	ZEC	14	1	a7h2	figs-metaphor	A day for Yahweh is coming when your plunder will be divided in your midst	A future time is spoken of as if “a day is coming.” The phrase “will be divided” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soon Yahweh will judge you, and he will allow your enemies to take all of your possessions and divide if for themselves while you watch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
499	ZEC	14	2	q4hu	figs-hyperbole	I will gather every nation against Jerusalem for battle	Here “every nation” is a generalization that means “many nations.” Alternate translation: “I will cause many nations to attack Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
500	ZEC	14	2	qi2n	figs-activepassive	the city will be captured	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your enemies will capture the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
501	ZEC	14	2	lk8a	figs-activepassive	The houses will be plundered and the women raped	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Enemies will plunder the houses and rape the women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
502	ZEC	14	2	cej1	figs-activepassive	the remainder of the people will not be cut off from the city	Not removing people from the city is spoken of as if the people will not be “cut off.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your enemies will allow the remaining people to stay in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
503	ZEC	14	3	l9z1		General Information:	These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save it. In this prophecy, Yahweh is described as a warrior who will come and fight in battle.
504	ZEC	14	3	m5ez		as when he wages war on the day of battle	“just as he fought battles in the past”
505	ZEC	14	4	v1g4		On that day	“At that time”
506	ZEC	14	4	ak3r	figs-synecdoche	his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives	Here “feet” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he will stand on the Mount of Olives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
507	ZEC	14	4	kpm4	figs-activepassive	The Mount of Olives will be split…by a very great valley	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The presences of Yahweh will split the Mount of Olives…causing there to be a very great valley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
508	ZEC	14	5	x9i7		General Information:	These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
509	ZEC	14	5	u952	figs-you	you will flee	Here “you” is plural and refers to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
510	ZEC	14	5	n974		between Yahweh’s mountains	This refers to the mountains created after the Mount of Olives split in half.
511	ZEC	14	5	q9u5	translate-names	Azel	This is the name of a town or village east of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
512	ZEC	14	5	d8ly	figs-explicit	You will flee just as you fled	Here “You will” refers to the people of Jerusalem. But, “you fled” refers to their ancestors since this describes an event that happened many years earlier. Alternate translation: “You will flee just as your ancestors fled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
513	ZEC	14	5	n1lh	figs-idiom	in the days of Uzziah, king of Judah	Here “in the days” is an idiom that refers to the time when Uzziah was king. Alternate translation: “when Uzziah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
514	ZEC	14	5	mw1g		the holy ones	This probably refers to God’s angels.
515	ZEC	14	6	g29k		General Information:	These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
516	ZEC	14	6	qjd1		On that day	“At that time”
517	ZEC	14	6	z2kn	figs-explicit	there will be no light	It is implied that there will be no light from the sun. Alternate translation: “there will be no light from the sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
518	ZEC	14	7	yli2	figs-activepassive	a day known only to Yahweh	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “only Yahweh knows when that day will begin” or “only Yahweh knows when that time will begin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
519	ZEC	14	8	v254	figs-idiom	living waters	This normally means running or flowing water, rather than still or stagnant water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
520	ZEC	14	8	wpw5		the eastern sea	This refers to the Dead Sea, which is east of Jerusalem.
521	ZEC	14	8	uks5		the western sea	This refers to the Mediterranean Sea.
522	ZEC	14	9	k9gf		General Information:	These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
523	ZEC	14	9	r6ni	figs-metonymy	there will be Yahweh, the one God, and his name alone	Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation or character. Alternate translation: “people will know that Yahweh is the only true God” or “people will only worship Yahweh, the one true God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
524	ZEC	14	10	wmv3	figs-explicit	All the land	It is implied that this is the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “All the land of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
525	ZEC	14	10	sj4y	translate-names	Arabah	This is the name of a plain in the Jordan River Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
526	ZEC	14	10	sxq5	translate-names	Geba	This is the name of a town on the northern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
527	ZEC	14	10	rz4c	translate-names	Rimmon	This is the name of a town south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
528	ZEC	14	10	uk8u	grammar-connect-words-phrases	Jerusalem will continue to be raised up	This contrasts Jerusalem, which will remain at a higher elevation, to the surrounding area, which is lower in elevation. The contrast can be indicated by adding the word “but.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But, Jerusalem will remain high up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
529	ZEC	14	10	eay1	translate-names	the Benjamin Gate…the first gate…the Corner Gate	These are names of gates in the northeast part of city wall of Jerusalem. Possible meanings are (1) “the first gate” and “the Corner Gate” refer to the same gate or (2) “the first gate” and “the Corner gate” are separate gates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
530	ZEC	14	10	t1rw	translate-names	the Tower of Hananel	This refers to a strong point in the city defenses on the northern wall. It was probably built by a man named Hananel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
531	ZEC	14	10	rki8	figs-explicit	the king’s winepresses	This probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. It was located in the southwest part of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
532	ZEC	14	11	gbk1	figs-metonymy	Jerusalem will live in safety	Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people will live safely in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
533	ZEC	14	12	qiz5		General Information:	These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
534	ZEC	14	12	wg9q		even as they are standing on their feet	“while they are still standing up.” This emphasizes how quickly their flesh will rot away. They will not even have time to lie down.
535	ZEC	14	13	w6fr	figs-abstractnouns	that great fear from Yahweh will come among them	The abstract noun “fear” can be stated as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause the people to be very terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
536	ZEC	14	13	yl73	figs-idiom	Each one will seize the hand of another, and the hand of one will be raised up against the hand of another	These are idioms that refer to being hostile towards another person. Alternate translation: “Each person will grab someone, and they will fight each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
537	ZEC	14	14	jps4		General Information:	These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
538	ZEC	14	14	n8dy	figs-metonymy	Judah will also fight against Jerusalem	Here “Judah” and “Jerusalem” represent the people that live there. Alternate translation: “Even the other people in Judah will fight against the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
539	ZEC	14	14	h6q8		Judah will also fight against Jerusalem	Some versions of the Bible read, “Judah will also fight at Jerusalem.”
540	ZEC	14	14	up2x		They will gather the wealth	“They will capture all the valuable possessions”
541	ZEC	14	14	q411		in great abundance	“in great quantities”
542	ZEC	14	16	wx98		General Information:	These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
543	ZEC	14	16	rf9t	figs-idiom	that came against Jerusalem	Here “came against” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that attacked Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
544	ZEC	14	16	y2h6		will instead go up from year to year	“will instead go to Jerusalem every year”
545	ZEC	14	16	ryt4		the Festival of Shelters	“the Festival of Tabernacles” or “the Festival of Booths” or “the Festival of Tents”
546	ZEC	14	18	q1tm	figs-metaphor	A plague from Yahweh will attack the nations	Causing people to suffer from a plague is spoken of as if the plague would attack the people like an army. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause a plague among the people of the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
547	ZEC	14	19	ai96		General Information:	These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
548	ZEC	14	20	q1hq		General Information:	These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
549	ZEC	14	20	j9sd		the bells of the horses will say	“the inscription on the bells of the horses will say”
550	ZEC	14	20	ez1i	figs-explicit	the basins in Yahweh’s house	These basins were used for boiling meat in the courtyard of the temple. Alternate translation: “the cooking pots in the courtyard of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
551	ZEC	14	20	c8cd	figs-explicit	will be like the bowls before the altar	It is implied that the basins will be sacred like the bowls used for catching the blood of the sacrifices. Alternate translation: “will be as sacred as the bowls used at the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
552	ZEC	14	21	q299		every pot in Jerusalem and Judah will be set apart to Yahweh of hosts	Various types of pots and utensils were made especially to be used in the temple for the worship of Yahweh and for the sacrifices. These were considered special, not to be used for anything else.
553	ZEC	14	21	qfn5	figs-explicit	traders will no longer be in the house of Yahweh	It was the custom for traders to sell the people things they needed in order to make proper sacrifices to Yahweh in the temple. Alternate translation: “people will no longer buy or sell things in the courtyard of the temple of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
554	ZEC	14	21	hw3t		traders	Some versions of the Bible translate “traders” as “Canaanites.”

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Introduction to Zechariah

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of the Book of Zechariah

What is the Book of Zechariah about?

How should the title of this book be translated?

Who wrote the Book of Zechariah?

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

Did Zechariah prophesy before Ezra, Nehemiah, and Haggai?

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

What is the meaning of the term “Israel”?

What imagery does Zechariah use in reference to the Messiah?

What does the phrase “that day” mean?

Zechariah 01 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Visions

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Date

Zechariah 02 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Visions

Important figures of speech in this chapter

“This is Yahweh’s declaration”

Zechariah 03 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Difficult concepts in this chapter

Visions

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

The high priest

Zechariah 04 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Visions

Zechariah 05 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Zechariah 06 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Crown

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Meaning of the visions

Zechariah 07 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Fasting

Zechariah 08 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Zechariah 09 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Prophecies against other nations

Zechariah 10 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Redemption

Zechariah 11 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metaphor

Symbolism

Zechariah 12 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Prophecy

Zechariah 13 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Zechariah 14 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Last days

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