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1 | Book | Chapter | Verse | ID | SupportReference | OrigQuote | Occurrence | GLQuote | OccurrenceNote |
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2 | PSA | front | intro | rx9u | 0 | Introduction to PsalmsPart 1: General IntroductionOutline of Psalms
What is the Book of Psalms?The Book of Psalms is a collection of songs. People called psalmists wrote them for different reasons. In some psalms, the psalmists expressed their praise for God. In other psalms, they asked God for help and expressed confidence in his love and power. In others, they confessed their sins and begged for mercy. The Israelites wrote some psalms to ask Yahweh to defeat their enemies. Other psalms celebrated the event of a new king beginning his reign. Psalmists also wrote to praise the city of Jerusalem. They wrote some psalms to instruct people on how to be wise by honoring Yahweh and obeying his law. Also, pilgrims sang some of the psalms while traveling to Jerusalem to worship there. Some psalms became songs of praise in the temple worship of Yahweh. How should the title of this book be translated?Translators can use the traditional title of this book, “The Book of Psalms” or just “Psalms.” Another title of this book is “Songs of Praise.” Translators may express this meaning in their own languages, or they may choose to use or transliterate the name from another language version if it is well known. For example, the French title “Les Psaumes” might be understood by everyone in a project language, if French is the language of wider communication in the region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) When was the Book of Psalms written?The Psalms were written over a long period of time. Moses probably wrote the earliest psalm around 1400 B.C. David and Asaph wrote their psalms between 1020 and 975 B.C. The Korahites may have written their psalms before Jerusalem was destroyed and the Jews were exiled to Babylon in 587 B.C. Psalm 126 appears to come from the period after the exile, which ended in 538 B.C. What are the Messianic psalms?Some psalms are called “Messianic psalms.” New Testament writers considered these psalms to prophesy about the Messiah, Jesus Christ. They cited Psalms 2, 8, 16, 22, 34, 40, 41, 45, 68, 69, 89, 102, 109, 110, and 118 at least one time each in the New Testament. What are superscriptions in the Psalms?Many psalms give some information called superscriptions before the beginning of the psalm. Some of the expressions in the superscriptions are difficult to understand, so modern versions often have different interpretations of them. Seventy-three psalms are called “A psalm of David.” This may mean they were written by King David. Or, it could mean someone wrote them for David or in the style that David used when he composed poetry. The superscriptions of some psalms give the historical situations in which they were written. Some superscriptions give instructions about how they should be played and sung. They tell which instruments, singers, or melodies that should be used for that psalm. Fifty-five psalms are addressed “to the choirmaster” or “chief musician.” The psalmists seem to have meant them to be used in temple worship. Traditionally, English versions do not give verse numbers to the superscriptions. But many versions in other languages do. Whether or not translators give them verse numbers, they should consider the superscriptions in the Psalms as part of the divinely inspired biblical text. Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural ConceptsWhat are some important ways in which Yahweh is pictured in the Book of Psalms?The psalmists often pictured Yahweh as:
What is the importance of honor and shame in the Book of Psalms?When people honor someone, they think well of him and may even admire him. On the other hand, if people shame someone, that person loses honor and is disgraced. Psalmists often expressed a great desire that Yahweh would be honored by the Israelites and also by the rest of the world. Also, psalmists often expressed fear that they would be shamed by their enemies. When they felt this way, the psalmists wrote of their trust that Yahweh would not allow this to happen. Part 3: Important Translation IssuesWhy do the ULT and UST display the Book of Psalms as poetry, but some modern versions do not?The psalmists wrote the Psalms as Hebrew poetry. The ULT and UST set each line farther to the right on the page than regular text is placed to show that the writing is poetry rather than prose. This style typically uses pairs of poetic lines that relate to each other in different ways. Usually, poetic lines are said to be “parallel” to each other. A line that is indented farther to the right is paired with the line above it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) Translators will have to decide whether to present the Psalms as poetry or as prose in their own language. Translators will need to consider whether their language has poetic forms that are suitable for expressing the Psalms. Why do some versions number the Psalms differently than others?From ancient times, people have numbered the Psalms in different ways. The Jews numbered the Psalms in Hebrew in one way. When they translated the Psalms into Greek, they numbered them in a different way. As a result, the Hebrew numbering and the Greek numbering of Psalms were both passed down through the centuries. They are both still in use today. Translators will probably want to number the Psalms in the same way that most versions in their own country do. How should the translator view the terms Selah and Higgaion that occur in various psalms?“Selah” and “Higgaion” seem to be musical terms inserted as directions for singers and musicians. Scholars do not agree as to their meaning. For this reason, translators may decide to transliterate them or leave them out but not try to translate them. | |||
3 | PSA | 1 | intro | fan4 | 0 | Psalm 001 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 1 is usually considered to be a “wisdom psalm,” which gives advice to those who hear it read or sung. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapterBlessedA main theme in this psalm is what it means to be blessed. Here “blessed” refers to anyone who is well off because of a good relationship to God. The contrasting theme is that there are ungodly people, those who refuse to honor God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) People who opposed YahwehThere are several words in this psalm for those who oppose God: “the wicked” (those who do evil), “sinners” (those who ignore God’s law), and “mockers” (those who mock God and the righteous people). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
4 | PSA | 1 | 1 | w56f | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
5 | PSA | 1 | 1 | gz4n | figs-metaphor | 0 | who does not walk in the advice of the wicked | The “advice of the wicked” is spoken of as if it were a path to follow. Alternate translation: “who does not follow the advice of the wicked” or “who does not do what wicked people advise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
6 | PSA | 1 | 1 | uqr7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | stand in the pathway with sinners | Here the word “pathway” represents the way people live. The word “stand” is in parallel with “walk.” Alternate translation: “imitate the behavior of sinful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
7 | PSA | 1 | 1 | nk2a | figs-metonymy | 0 | or sit in the assembly of mockers | Sitting with people who mock God represents joining people who mock God. Alternate translation: “or join those who mock God” or “or mock God with others who mock him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
8 | PSA | 1 | 2 | izu5 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | his delight is in the law of Yahweh | The word “delight” is an abstract noun that can be stated as a verb. A person who can “delight…in the law” is happy because the law is good and because one is obeying it. Alternate translation: “what makes him truly happy is the law of Yahweh” or “what makes him truly happy is to know that he is obeying the law of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
9 | PSA | 1 | 2 | ns4k | 0 | Yahweh | This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. | ||
10 | PSA | 1 | 3 | t59m | 0 | General Information: | This passage introduces an elaborate image in which a righteous person is thought of in terms of a flourishing tree. | ||
11 | PSA | 1 | 3 | d83j | figs-simile | 0 | He will be like a tree…fruit in its season | In the Bible, people are often spoken of as trees. People who delight in Yahweh’s law can do all God wants them to do just as a tree that is planted by water produces good fruit. Alternate translation: “He will be prosperous like a tree…fruit in its season” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
12 | PSA | 1 | 3 | wir5 | 0 | planted by the streams of water | A tree that is planted by a stream can get enough water to be healthy. | ||
13 | PSA | 1 | 3 | tag1 | 0 | that produces its fruit in its season | Healthy trees produce good fruit at the right time. | ||
14 | PSA | 1 | 3 | xf3j | 0 | whose leaves do not wither | If a tree gets enough water, its leaves do not dry out and die. | ||
15 | PSA | 1 | 3 | c784 | 0 | whatever he does will prosper | “He will be successful at whatever he does” | ||
16 | PSA | 1 | 4 | g6a7 | figs-explicit | 0 | The wicked are not so | How they are not like that can be stated clearly. “The wicked are not prosperous” or “The wicked do not prosper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
17 | PSA | 1 | 4 | lnx8 | figs-simile | 0 | but are instead like the chaff | How they are like chaff can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “but instead they are worthless like the chaff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
18 | PSA | 1 | 5 | atv6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | will not stand in the judgment | Possible meanings are (1) not standing in the judgment is a metonym for being judged by God and having to leave his presence. Alternate translation: “will not continue to stay before God when he judges them” or “will have to leave God’s presence when he judges them as guilty” or (2) not standing in the judgment is a metaphor for being condemned in the judgment. “Alternate translation: “will be condemned in the judgment” or “will be condemned when God judges them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
19 | PSA | 1 | 5 | va3s | 0 | in the judgment | The noun judgment can be expressed as a verb. This probably refers to the final judgment when God judges all people. Alternate translation: “when God judges everyone” | ||
20 | PSA | 1 | 5 | x8sk | figs-ellipsis | 0 | nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous | Translators can supply the verb “stand.” Alternate translation: “neither will sinners stand in the assembly of the righteous” or “and sinners will not stand in the assembly of the righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
21 | PSA | 1 | 5 | nr84 | figs-metonymy | 0 | nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous | Being accepted by God as righteous is spoken of as standing with the group of righteous people. Alternate translation: “and God will not accept sinners along with the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
22 | PSA | 1 | 6 | wmx7 | figs-parallelism | 0 | For Yahweh approves of the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish | These two clauses contrast what happens to righteous people with what happens to wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
23 | PSA | 1 | 6 | cxy6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the way of the righteous | How people live is spoken of as if it were a “way” or “road” that they are walking on. Alternate translation: “how the righteous live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
24 | PSA | 1 | 6 | jy56 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the way of the wicked will perish | How people live and what they do is spoken of as if it were a “way” or “road” that they walk on. Possible meanings are (1) the way perishing represents the wicked perishing because of how they live. Alternate translation: “The wicked will die because of how they live” or (2) the way perishing is a metaphor for no longer being able to live the way they do. Alternate translation: “the wicked will no longer be able to live the way they live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
25 | PSA | 2 | intro | z14u | 0 | Psalm 002 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 2 is usually considered a royal psalm because it is about the king. It was probably first sung when a new person became the king. It is often thought to be about the Messiah because of verse 6 and 7 reference the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s protectionThe main theme of this psalm is that God is protecting and empowering the king he has appointed and that it is useless for the foreign nations to oppose God and his king. Important figures of speech in this chapterMetaphor“Today I have begotten you” here is a metaphor meaning that God acknowledges the king as his special person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |||
26 | PSA | 2 | 1 | bht4 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
27 | PSA | 2 | 1 | e4gn | figs-rquestion | 0 | Why are the nations in turmoil, and why do the peoples make plots that will fail? | These questions are used to show surprise that the people are doing things that are so wrong and foolish. Alternate translation: “The nations are in turmoil and the peoples are making plots that will fail.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
28 | PSA | 2 | 1 | zq9d | 0 | are the nations in turmoil | This probably means that the nations were making a noisy and angry commotion. | ||
29 | PSA | 2 | 1 | hd4h | figs-metonymy | 0 | the nations | This represents either the leaders or the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
30 | PSA | 2 | 1 | jxy7 | 0 | plots that will fail | These are probably plots against God and his people. | ||
31 | PSA | 2 | 2 | ag3k | figs-parallelism | 0 | The kings of the earth take their stand together…the rulers conspire together | These two clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
32 | PSA | 2 | 2 | pt5v | figs-explicit | 0 | take their stand together…conspire together | These phrases mean the same thing, implying that the leaders stand together in order to fight against Yahweh and his Messiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “gather to fight…plan together to revolt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
33 | PSA | 2 | 3 | xw9h | figs-metaphor | 0 | Let us tear off the shackles…throw off their chains | The people of other nations speak of Yahweh and the Messiah’s rule over them as if it were shackles and chains. Alternate translation: “We should free ourselves from their control; we should not let them rule over us any longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
34 | PSA | 2 | 4 | e8l8 | 0 | He…the Lord | These phrases refer to Yahweh. Yahweh is often called “the Lord” but the words for “Yahweh” and “the Lord” are different. | ||
35 | PSA | 2 | 4 | t9zx | figs-explicit | 0 | sits in the heavens | Here sitting represents ruling. What he sits on can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “rules in the heavens” or “sits on his throne in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
36 | PSA | 2 | 4 | zyd3 | figs-explicit | 0 | the Lord mocks them | “the Lord mocks those people.” Why he mocks them can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The Lord mocks them for their foolish plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
37 | PSA | 2 | 5 | z631 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | terrify them in his rage | The abstract noun “rage” can be stated as “furious.” Alternate translation: “he will be furious and terrify them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
38 | PSA | 2 | 5 | jjb4 | 0 | terrify | greatly frighten | ||
39 | PSA | 2 | 6 | emc4 | 0 | I myself | Yahweh is emphasizing that he, and not someone else, has anointed his king. | ||
40 | PSA | 2 | 6 | v3q9 | 0 | anointed my king | “appointed my king to rule” | ||
41 | PSA | 2 | 7 | d5l7 | figs-explicit | 0 | I will announce a decree of Yahweh. He | The person saying this is the king. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The king says, ‘I will announce a decree of Yahweh.’ He” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
42 | PSA | 2 | 7 | h869 | 0 | He said to me | “Yahweh said to me” | ||
43 | PSA | 2 | 7 | qp2j | 0 | You are my son! This day I have become your father | Among many peoples in that part of the world then, men could decide to legally adopt children, who would become their heirs. Here Yahweh adopts a man and makes him king of Israel. Alternate translation: “I make you my son. This day I have become your father” or “Now you are my son and am your father” | ||
44 | PSA | 2 | 8 | sy59 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Yahweh continues speaking to the new king of Israel. | ||
45 | PSA | 2 | 8 | vjb5 | figs-parallelism | 0 | the nations for your inheritance…the farthermost regions of the earth for your possession | These phrases express very similar ideas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
46 | PSA | 2 | 8 | cv7i | 0 | the farthermost regions of the earth | “the lands that are very far away” | ||
47 | PSA | 2 | 9 | uaa7 | figs-parallelism | 0 | You will break them with an iron rod; like a jar of a potter, you will smash them to pieces | These phrases express very similar ideas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
48 | PSA | 2 | 9 | at9u | figs-metaphor | 0 | You will break them with an iron rod | Defeating the nations is spoken of as breaking them, and his power is spoken of as an iron rod. Alternate translation: “You will defeat them completely by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
49 | PSA | 2 | 9 | a2x4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you will smash them to pieces | Destroying nations is spoken of as if they could be smashed like a clay jar. Alternate translation: you will completely destroy them like a clay pot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
50 | PSA | 2 | 9 | ggd3 | translate-unknown | 0 | a jar of a potter | A potter is a person who makes clay pots and jars. These are fragile and can be broken easily. Alternate translation: “a clay jar” or “a clay pot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
51 | PSA | 2 | 10 | upx2 | figs-parallelism | 0 | So now, you kings, be warned; be corrected, you rulers of the earth | These two phrases have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “So now, you kings and rulers of the earth, be warned and corrected” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
52 | PSA | 2 | 10 | j2nx | figs-activepassive | 0 | be warned | This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “listen to this warning” or “be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
53 | PSA | 2 | 10 | nyh6 | figs-activepassive | 0 | be corrected | This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “listen to this correction” or “take this correction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
54 | PSA | 2 | 12 | w4m8 | translate-symaction | 0 | Kiss the son | People would show their king that they were loyal to him by kissing him, perhaps on the feet. Alternate translation: “Show the son that you are truly loyal to him” or “Bow down humbly before his son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
55 | PSA | 2 | 12 | v3bs | 0 | you will die in the way | This may refer to dying right there, before the person has a chance to go away. Alternate translation: “you will die immediately” | ||
56 | PSA | 2 | 12 | l654 | figs-metaphor | 0 | when his anger burns for just a moment | The king’s anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that could burn. Alternate translation: “when he suddenly becomes very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
57 | PSA | 2 | 12 | ty9p | figs-metaphor | 0 | seek refuge in him | Asking the king for protection is spoken of as seeking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “ask the king to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
58 | PSA | 3 | intro | py7j | 0 | Psalm 003 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 3 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a morning song intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during morning worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s protectionAlthough the psalmist has many enemies and is saying he is without help, God is protecting him and delivering him from danger. | |||
59 | PSA | 3 | 1 | ylp1 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
60 | PSA | 3 | 1 | g1yb | 0 | A psalm of David | Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. | ||
61 | PSA | 3 | 1 | xp7i | figs-exclamations | 0 | Yahweh, how many are my enemies! | This exclamation shows that David is afraid of his enemies. Alternate translation: “Oh Yahweh, I have so many enemies!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
62 | PSA | 3 | 1 | cj3u | figs-idiom | 0 | have risen against me | Fighting against someone is spoken of as rising against him. Alternate translation: “come against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
63 | PSA | 3 | 3 | mj2u | figs-metaphor | 0 | you, Yahweh, are a shield around me | A shield protects a soldier. David speaks as if God were a shield protecting him. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, protect me like a shield” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
64 | PSA | 3 | 3 | llc4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | my glory | “you are my glory.” By calling God his glory, David says that God is the one who gives him glory. Since David has just spoken about his enemies and God being his protector, he probably meant that God gives him glory by giving him victory over his enemies. Alternate translation: “you are the one who gives me glory” or “you are the one who gives me victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
65 | PSA | 3 | 3 | hj6j | figs-metaphor | 0 | the one who lifts up my head | “you are the one who lifts up my head.” Giving someone courage is spoken of as lifting up his head. Alternate translation: “the one who encourages me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
66 | PSA | 3 | 4 | bz2m | figs-metonymy | 0 | I lift up my voice | Using one’s voice to cry out is spoken of as lifting up his voice. Alternate translation: “I cry out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
67 | PSA | 3 | 6 | q7wy | 0 | have set themselves against me on every side | “have surrounded me to destroy me” | ||
68 | PSA | 3 | 7 | zax2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Rise up | David speaks of starting to do something as getting up. Alternate translation: “Take action” or “Do something” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
69 | PSA | 3 | 7 | az5m | figs-parallelism | 0 | hit all my enemies…break the teeth of the wicked | These phrases say very similar things. The phrases “my enemies” and “the wicked” refer to the same group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
70 | PSA | 3 | 7 | r6xe | translate-symaction | 0 | For you will hit all my enemies on the jaw | This was a way of insulting people. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically hit his enemies. Alternate translation: “For you will insult all my enemies like someone hitting them on the jaw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
71 | PSA | 3 | 7 | k36i | figs-metaphor | 0 | you will break the teeth of the wicked | Animals attack with their teeth. Breaking their teeth takes away their power to attack. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically fight against the wicked. Alternate translation: “you will make the wicked unable to harm me like someone breaking the teeth of a ferocious animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
72 | PSA | 3 | 8 | x9bn | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Salvation comes from Yahweh | The abstract noun “salvation” can be expressed with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh saves his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
73 | PSA | 4 | intro | b2qk | 0 | Psalm 004 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 4 is a psalm of deliverance. It is an evening song, intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during evening worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) Special concepts in this chapterTrustGod protects all those who truly trust in him for protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) | |||
74 | PSA | 4 | 1 | zjj1 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
75 | PSA | 4 | 1 | q28k | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
76 | PSA | 4 | 1 | k7md | 0 | on stringed instruments | “people should play stringed instruments with this song” | ||
77 | PSA | 4 | 1 | f3xk | 0 | Answer me when I call | “Respond to me when I call” or “Help me when I call” | ||
78 | PSA | 4 | 1 | dd31 | 0 | God of my righteousness | “God, who shows that I am righteous” | ||
79 | PSA | 4 | 1 | n99c | figs-metaphor | 0 | give me room when I am hemmed in | Being in danger is spoken of as being in a narrow space. Alternate translation: “rescue me when I am in danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
80 | PSA | 4 | 2 | r39v | 0 | General Information: | David sings this part of the song as if he is speaking to his enemies. | ||
81 | PSA | 4 | 2 | p3x5 | figs-rquestion | 0 | You people, how long will you turn my honor into shame? | David uses this question to rebuke his enemies. Alternate translation: “You people continually turn my honor into shame!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
82 | PSA | 4 | 2 | vy7i | 0 | turn my honor into shame | Shaming him instead of honoring him is spoken of as making his honor become shame. Alternate translation: “shame me instead of honoring me” or “bring me shame when you should be honoring me” | ||
83 | PSA | 4 | 2 | i8ct | figs-rquestion | 0 | How long will you love that which is worthless and seek after lies? | David uses this question to rebuke his enemies. Alternate translation: “You continue to love things that are worthless and seek after lies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
84 | PSA | 4 | 2 | mvp9 | figs-parallelism | 0 | love that which is worthless…seek after lies | These two phrases are very similar in meaning. The lies are worthless. Alternate translation: “love worthless lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
85 | PSA | 4 | 3 | w2gh | 0 | Yahweh has set apart the faithful ones for himself | “Yahweh chooses godly people for himself” | ||
86 | PSA | 4 | 4 | api1 | figs-explicit | 0 | Tremble in fear | The relationship between “tremble” and “fear” and who people should fear can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Fear Yahweh so much that you tremble” or “Stand in awe of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
87 | PSA | 4 | 4 | u9p9 | 0 | Tremble | shake from fear | ||
88 | PSA | 4 | 4 | l67w | figs-metonymy | 0 | Meditate in your heart | The heart represents a person’s thoughts. Thinking carefully is spoken of as meditating in one’s heart. Alternate translation: “Think carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
89 | PSA | 4 | 5 | h8tj | 0 | Offer the sacrifices of righteousness | “Offer the right sacrifices” | ||
90 | PSA | 4 | 5 | ul9j | figs-metaphor | 0 | put your trust in Yahweh | Here “trust” is spoken of as if it were an object that could be put somewhere. The abstract noun “trust” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “trust in Yahweh” or “trust Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
91 | PSA | 4 | 6 | k53m | figs-rquestion | 0 | Who will show us anything good? | This question is used either to ask for something or to express a wish about something that has not happened. Alternate translation: “Please show us something good!” or “We wish someone would show us something good!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
92 | PSA | 4 | 6 | uvl3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Who will show us anything good? | Possible meanings are (1) showing something good represents bringing good things. Alternate translation: “Who will bring good things to us?” or (2) showing something good represents saying that good things have happened. Alternate translation: “Who will say that anything good has happened?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
93 | PSA | 4 | 6 | stu3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | lift up the light of your face on us | The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. Alternate translation: “act favorably towards us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
94 | PSA | 4 | 7 | v4vs | figs-synecdoche | 0 | You have given my heart more gladness | The heart represents the person. Alternate translation: “You have given me more gladness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
95 | PSA | 4 | 7 | b9ht | figs-metaphor | 0 | You have given my heart more gladness than others have | Here “gladness” is spoken of as if it is an object that can be given. The abstract noun “gladness” can be stated as “glad.” Alternate translation: “You have made me more glad than others are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
96 | PSA | 4 | 7 | izx5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | when their grain and new wine abound | “New wine” may represent grapes. Alternate translation: “when they reap plentiful harvests of grain and grapes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
97 | PSA | 4 | 8 | b57u | figs-metaphor | 0 | It is in peace that I will lie down and sleep | Peace is spoken of as if it were a place. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “peace.” Alternate translation: “I will be peaceful when I lie down and sleep” or “I will not be afraid of danger when I lie down and sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
98 | PSA | 4 | 8 | p2ce | figs-doublet | 0 | make me safe and secure | The words “safe” and “secure” mean basically the same thing and emphasize complete safety. Alternate translation: “make me completely safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
99 | PSA | 5 | intro | e67h | 0 | Psalm 005 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 5 is a psalm of deliverance. Notice how the psalmist both praises God and asks Him for help in defeating the wicked. It was intended to be sung accompanied by flutes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s helpGod does not help people who do evil but he blesses those who are good and trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) | |||
100 | PSA | 5 | 1 | k92k | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
101 | PSA | 5 | 1 | q7tu | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
102 | PSA | 5 | 1 | tu54 | 0 | with wind instruments | “This song should be accompanied by people who play wind instruments.” | ||
103 | PSA | 5 | 1 | xts1 | figs-explicit | 0 | Listen to my call to you | This is a call for help. Alternate translation: “Listen to me as I call to you for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
104 | PSA | 5 | 1 | i566 | 0 | groanings | low sounds that people make with the voice when they are suffering | ||
105 | PSA | 5 | 3 | i42x | figs-parallelism | 0 | in the morning you hear my cry…in the morning I will bring my petition to you | These two phrases are very similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
106 | PSA | 5 | 3 | q5qw | 0 | I will bring my petition to you | “I will make my request” or “I will ask you for what I need” | ||
107 | PSA | 5 | 3 | rk6n | 0 | wait expectantly | “wait, expecting you to do what I ask you to do” | ||
108 | PSA | 5 | 6 | qjt8 | figs-123person | 0 | Yahweh despises violent and deceitful men | Since David is speaking to God in this psalm, this sentence can be stated with the word “you.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you despise violent and deceitful men” or “Yahweh, you hate men who do violent acts and deceive others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
109 | PSA | 5 | 7 | xxs4 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | because of your great covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
110 | PSA | 5 | 7 | wus9 | 0 | your house | This refers to God’s temple. Alternate translation: “your temple” | ||
111 | PSA | 5 | 8 | nj5y | figs-metaphor | 0 | lead me in your righteousness | David speaks of righteousness as if it were a path and of teaching as leading. The phrase “your righteousness” means that God is righteous Alternate translation: “teach me to do what is righteous as you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
112 | PSA | 5 | 8 | f99i | figs-metaphor | 0 | make your path straight before me | David speaks of righteousness as if it were a path. A straight path is easy to see or walk on. Alternate translation: “show me clearly how to live in the right way” or “make it easy for me to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
113 | PSA | 5 | 9 | vyp8 | 0 | General Information: | David talks about his enemies. | ||
114 | PSA | 5 | 9 | yu9i | figs-metonymy | 0 | For there is no truth in their mouth | Truth being in the mouth represents speaking truthfully. Alternate translation: “For they never say what is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
115 | PSA | 5 | 9 | w7sn | figs-metonymy | 0 | their inward being is wicked | The inward being represents people’s thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “their thoughts and desires are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
116 | PSA | 5 | 9 | t93l | figs-metonymy | 0 | their throat | The throat represents people’s speech. Alternate translation: “their speech” or “what they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
117 | PSA | 5 | 9 | aj6l | figs-metaphor | 0 | their throat is an open tomb | Their throat is spoken of as if it were an open tomb, ready for dead bodies to put into it. Possible meanings are (1) “they say that they will kill people” or (2) “What they say kills people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
118 | PSA | 5 | 9 | c5lk | 0 | they flatter with their tongue | “they say nice things about people without really meaning it” | ||
119 | PSA | 5 | 9 | w8tw | figs-metonymy | 0 | their tongue | The tongue represents what people say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
120 | PSA | 5 | 10 | b8gr | 0 | may their schemes be their downfall | “may their schemes cause them to experience disasters” or “may they become less important because of their schemes” | ||
121 | PSA | 5 | 10 | llj1 | 0 | schemes | plans to harm people | ||
122 | PSA | 5 | 10 | se86 | figs-metaphor | 0 | downfall | This is something that causes a person to experience disasters or to lose power. Experiencing disaster or becoming less important is spoken of as falling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
123 | PSA | 5 | 11 | p2xk | figs-metaphor | 0 | may all those who take refuge in you rejoice | God is spoken of as if he were a refuge, a place where people can be protected. Alternate translation: “May all those who go to you for protection rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
124 | PSA | 5 | 11 | w32e | figs-parallelism | 0 | those who take refuge in you rejoice…shout for joy because you defend them | These two clauses express similar thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
125 | PSA | 5 | 11 | h7eq | figs-metaphor | 0 | take refuge in you | Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
126 | PSA | 5 | 11 | jnt7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | those who love your name | God’s name represents him. Alternate translation: “those who love you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
127 | PSA | 5 | 12 | t1zz | figs-simile | 0 | you will surround them with favor as with a shield | God’s favor is spoken of as if it were a shield. Alternate translation: “you will favor them and protect them as a soldier protects himself with his shield” or “because you are kind to them, you will protect them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
128 | PSA | 6 | intro | gpl3 | 0 | Psalm 006 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 6 is a deliverance psalm: a call to God for help. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterTroubleHe is in deep trouble and needs God to help him in his difficult situation. But then God hears his prayer and scatters his enemies. First PersonThis psalm is written using first person making its perspective very personal. There are many uses of the first person in this Psalm. | |||
129 | PSA | 6 | 1 | qy9s | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
130 | PSA | 6 | 1 | z78f | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
131 | PSA | 6 | 1 | w19w | 0 | on stringed instruments | “people should play stringed instruments with this song” | ||
132 | PSA | 6 | 1 | p2j3 | 0 | set to the Sheminith style | This may refer to a style of music. | ||
133 | PSA | 6 | 2 | at9c | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my bones are shaking | The bones represent the whole body. His body may have been shaking because he was sick or extremely tired. Alternate translation: “my whole body is shaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
134 | PSA | 6 | 3 | sd1q | 0 | very troubled | “terrified” or “worried” | ||
135 | PSA | 6 | 3 | vw88 | figs-rquestion | 0 | how long will this continue? | David uses this question to show that he does not want to continue feeling weak and troubled. Alternate translation: please, do not let this continue!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
136 | PSA | 6 | 4 | rce3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Return, Yahweh | David speaks of God being kind to him as God returning to him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, come back to me” or “Have mercy on me, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
137 | PSA | 6 | 4 | fuw3 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Save me because of your covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
138 | PSA | 6 | 5 | qb7p | figs-parallelism | 0 | For in death there is no remembrance of you. In Sheol who will give you thanks? | These two sentences express similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
139 | PSA | 6 | 5 | pn4j | figs-metonymy | 0 | For in death there is no remembrance of you | The abstract noun “remembrance” represents praise. Alternate translation: “For when people die, they no longer praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
140 | PSA | 6 | 5 | mb1j | figs-rquestion | 0 | In Sheol who will give you thanks? | David uses this question to emphasize that no one in Sheol thanks God. Alternate translation: “No one in Sheol will give you thanks!” or “The dead cannot praise you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
141 | PSA | 6 | 6 | ge93 | figs-metonymy | 0 | I am weary with my groaning | His groaning represents the pain or distress that he feels. Alternate translation: “I am very tired because of my pain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
142 | PSA | 6 | 6 | bay4 | figs-parallelism | 0 | I drench my bed with tears; I wash my couch away with my tears | These two sentences express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
143 | PSA | 6 | 6 | c1qb | 0 | I drench my bed with tears | “I make my bed wet with my tears” or “My bed is very wet because of my tears” | ||
144 | PSA | 6 | 6 | isr5 | 0 | I wash my couch away with my tears | “I make my couch wet with my tears” | ||
145 | PSA | 6 | 7 | fup4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | My eyes grow dim | The ability to see is spoken of in terms of the eyes. Alternate translation: “My vision is blurry” or “I cannot see clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
146 | PSA | 6 | 7 | gny4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | from grief | Grief here represents crying. Alternate translation: “from crying” or “because I cry so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
147 | PSA | 6 | 9 | j23z | figs-parallelism | 0 | Yahweh has heard my appeal for mercy…Yahweh has accepted my prayer | These two lines have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
148 | PSA | 6 | 9 | dq36 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh has accepted my prayer | Being willing to do what David has prayed for is spoken of as accepting his prayer. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will respond to my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
149 | PSA | 7 | intro | zey1 | 0 | Psalm 007 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 7 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s protectionThe author had not wronged anyone, yet his enemy was trying to attack him. But he knew that God would protect him. Cush the BenjamiteNote the superscription and the specific circumstances. There is no other reference to this incident in the Scriptures. But there are references to David being opposed by those of the tribe of Benjamin during the time he was serving King Saul. | |||
150 | PSA | 7 | 1 | wzv4 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
151 | PSA | 7 | 1 | v239 | 0 | A musical composition of David | “This is a song that David wrote” | ||
152 | PSA | 7 | 1 | huv1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | take refuge in you! | Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
153 | PSA | 7 | 2 | rzk1 | figs-simile | 0 | they will rip me apart like a lion, tearing me in pieces | David speaks of his enemies attacking him as if they would rip his body apart and tear it in pieces as a lion would. Alternate translation: “they will violently kill me like a lion ripping apart its victim’s body and tearing it in pieces” or “they will violently kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
154 | PSA | 7 | 2 | x9fh | 0 | with no one else able to bring me to safety | “and no one else will be able to save me” | ||
155 | PSA | 7 | 5 | ej18 | figs-metonymy | 0 | my life | The life represents the person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
156 | PSA | 7 | 5 | us9e | figs-metonymy | 0 | overtake me | This represents capturing him. Alternate translation: “capture me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
157 | PSA | 7 | 5 | txr8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | let him trample my life to the ground | Here “my life” represents the writer. Alternate translation: “allow him to destroy me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
158 | PSA | 7 | 5 | hav6 | 0 | lay my honor in the dust | This refers to lying dead and unburied in disgrace. | ||
159 | PSA | 7 | 6 | phd3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Arise, Yahweh, in your anger | Arising represents doing something or taking action. Alternate translation: “Do something in your anger” or “Be angry at my enemies and take action: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
160 | PSA | 7 | 6 | a9lp | figs-metonymy | 0 | stand up against the rage of my enemies | Fighting against people is spoken of as standing up against them. Alternate translation: “fight against the rage of my enemies” or “attack my enemies who rage against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
161 | PSA | 7 | 6 | q1qt | figs-metonymy | 0 | the rage of my enemies | Their rage represents their attacks. Alternate translation: “the attacks of my enemies” or “my enemies who attack me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
162 | PSA | 7 | 6 | x2us | figs-metaphor | 0 | wake up | Waking up represents starting to do something or take action. Alternate translation: “Take action” or “Do something” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
163 | PSA | 7 | 6 | sml1 | 0 | for my sake | “for me” or “to help me” | ||
164 | PSA | 7 | 7 | pk8y | figs-synecdoche | 0 | The countries are assembled | Here the word “countries” represents all of the armies that have gathered to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
165 | PSA | 7 | 7 | rb6b | figs-metaphor | 0 | take once more your rightful place over them | Ruling people is spoken of as being over them. Yahweh’s rightful place refers either to heaven or to ruling in general. Alternate translation: “Rule over them from heaven” or “Rule over them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
166 | PSA | 7 | 8 | e8kb | 0 | vindicate me | “show them that I am not guilty” | ||
167 | PSA | 7 | 9 | pw1n | 0 | establish the righteous people | “make the righteous people strong” or “make the righteous people prosper” | ||
168 | PSA | 7 | 9 | zql9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | you who examine hearts and minds | The hearts and minds represent people’s desires and thoughts. Alternate translation: “you who know our inner thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
169 | PSA | 7 | 10 | c7u4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | My shield comes from God | The word “shield” represents God’s protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
170 | PSA | 7 | 11 | j5zn | figs-explicit | 0 | a God who is indignant each day | Who God is angry with can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “a God who is angry with the wicked every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
171 | PSA | 7 | 12 | y4zk | figs-metaphor | 0 | God will sharpen his sword and will prepare his bow for battle | In verses 12 and 13, David speaks of God deciding to punish the wicked as if God were a warrior preparing to fight against them with weapons. Alternate translation: “God will take action against him like a warrior who sharpens his sword and prepares his bow for battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
172 | PSA | 7 | 14 | l54a | figs-metaphor | 0 | one who is pregnant with wickedness…conceives destructive plans…gives birth to harmful lies | David speaks of the things that a wicked person does as if the person were pregnant and wickedness was the baby. Alternate translation: “the wicked person. He makes plans to destroy people and produces harmful lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
173 | PSA | 7 | 16 | p524 | figs-metaphor | 0 | His own destructive plans return to his own head, for his violence comes down on his own head | Destruction and violence are spoken of as if they hit a person’s head or fall down on it. Alternate translation: “His own destructive plans destroy him, for his violence attacks him” or “When he plans to destroy others, others destroy him; when he attacks others, others attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
174 | PSA | 8 | intro | rs24 | 0 | Psalm 008 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 8 is a psalm of worship and praise to God. This was to be sung by a choir. Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s creationGod has made awesome things in the universe and has exalted humans to be rulers over this creation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exalt]]) A Little Lower than the Heavenly BeingsPsalms Psalm 8:4-6 is quoted in Hebrews 2:6-8, where it is applied to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) | |||
175 | PSA | 8 | 1 | lk7t | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
176 | PSA | 8 | 1 | i9hb | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
177 | PSA | 8 | 1 | ye1p | 0 | set to the gittith style | This may refer to a style of music. | ||
178 | PSA | 8 | 1 | hn59 | figs-metonymy | 0 | how magnificent is your name in all the earth | God’s “name” represents his whole being. Alternate translation: “people all over the world know that you are very great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
179 | PSA | 8 | 2 | u11e | figs-metaphor | 0 | Out of the mouth of babies and infants you have established praise | Possible meanings are (1) praise is spoken of as a solid object that God takes out of babies’ mouths and sets up as a defensive wall or (2) God has created the world so that true praise comes to him from babies. Alternate translation: “You have given babies and infants the ability to praise you” or “It is babies and infants who truly praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
180 | PSA | 8 | 3 | uj2i | figs-synecdoche | 0 | your heavens, which your fingers have made | God’s fingers represent him. Alternate translation: “the heavens which you have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
181 | PSA | 8 | 4 | yhh5 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Of what importance is the human race that you notice them, or mankind that you pay attention to them? | These remarks have been expressed in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “It is amazing that you think about people and are concerned about them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
182 | PSA | 8 | 4 | k9i2 | 0 | the human race…mankind | Both of these phrases refer to people in general. | ||
183 | PSA | 8 | 5 | sr48 | figs-metaphor | 0 | have crowned them with glory and honor | Glory and honor are spoken of as if they were crowns. The words “glory” and “honor” are similar in meaning. Alternate translation: “have given them glory and honor” or “have caused them to be like kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
184 | PSA | 8 | 6 | x6z3 | figs-parallelism | 0 | You make him to rule over the works…you have put all things under his feet | These two clauses express similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
185 | PSA | 8 | 6 | rc4e | 0 | You make him…under his feet | “you make them…under their feet.” The words “him” and “his” here refer to people. | ||
186 | PSA | 8 | 6 | xti1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the works of your hands | The hands represent what God has done. Alternate translation: “the things that you made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
187 | PSA | 8 | 6 | py2w | figs-metaphor | 0 | you have put all things under his feet | Having authority to rule others or control things is spoken of as having them under one’s feet. This means God gave people authority over all that he created. Alternate translation: “you have given him authority over all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
188 | PSA | 8 | 9 | y339 | figs-exclamations | 0 | how magnificent is your name in all the earth | With this exclamation, David shows his joy and awe about how great God is. Alternate translation: “your name is wonderfully magnificent in all the earth” or “people in all the earth know how magnificent you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
189 | PSA | 8 | 9 | dvi7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | your name | God’s “name” represents him or his reputation. Alternate translation: “your reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
190 | PSA | 8 | 9 | bf2u | 0 | magnificent | excellent, great | ||
191 | PSA | 9 | intro | zq96 | 0 | Psalm 009 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 9 is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s protectionGod is a protector. He is all-powerful and his enemies cannot withstand him. Acrostic PsalmThis psalm along with Psalm 10 form an acrostic. Which means that each unit begins with a successive letter of the Hebrew alphabet. One Psalm or twoThis psalm has a superscription but Psalm 10 doesn’t. This fact and the acrostic nature of the two psalms has lead some scholars to believe these two psalms may have originally been written as one psalm. | |||
192 | PSA | 9 | 1 | xxu5 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
193 | PSA | 9 | 1 | w9iy | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
194 | PSA | 9 | 1 | nqw5 | 0 | set to Muth Labben | This may refer to a style of music. | ||
195 | PSA | 9 | 1 | lr4k | figs-123person | 0 | I will give thanks to Yahweh with my whole heart | Since this song is addressed to Yahweh, Yahweh can be referred to as “you.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh, I will give thanks to you with all my heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
196 | PSA | 9 | 1 | f4r1 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | all your marvelous deeds | The noun “deeds” can be expressed with the verb “do.” Alternate translation: “all the marvelous things you do” or “all the marvelous things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
197 | PSA | 9 | 2 | vh6j | figs-metonymy | 0 | I will sing praise to your name | Here God’s name represents God. Alternate translation: “I will sing praise to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
198 | PSA | 9 | 3 | j685 | 0 | turn back | “retreat” or “flee in fear” | ||
199 | PSA | 9 | 4 | nvz1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | you sit on your throne, a righteous judge | Kings had authority to judge people, and they would sit on their throne when they judged. David speaks as if God were an earthly king. Alternate translation: “you judge like a king who sits on his throne, and you are righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
200 | PSA | 9 | 5 | cw1j | figs-metaphor | 0 | you have blotted out their name forever and ever | Causing people to be forgotten is spoken of as blotting out their name. Alternate translation: “you have caused them to be forgotten as if their name was blotted out” or “no one will ever remember them again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
201 | PSA | 9 | 5 | bs94 | 0 | blotted out | “erased” | ||
202 | PSA | 9 | 6 | dj3h | figs-simile | 0 | The enemy crumbled like ruins | The enemy is spoken of as if it were a city full of broken down buildings. Alternate translation: “Our enemies were destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
203 | PSA | 9 | 6 | b9n1 | 0 | when you overthrew their cities | “when you destroyed their cities” | ||
204 | PSA | 9 | 6 | pi7j | figs-metaphor | 0 | All remembrance of them has perished | Here “remembrance” is spoken of as if it were a living being that could die. Alternate translation: “All remembrance of them has stopped” or “There is no longer any remembrance of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
205 | PSA | 9 | 6 | c6yp | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | All remembrance of them has perished | The abstract noun “remembrance” can be expressed with the verb “remember.” Alternate translation: “No one remembers them at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
206 | PSA | 9 | 7 | x7xg | figs-metonymy | 0 | Yahweh remains forever | “Remain” probably represents sitting on the throne as king. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sits on his throne forever” or “Yahweh rules forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
207 | PSA | 9 | 7 | h8nu | figs-metonymy | 0 | he has established his throne for justice | The phrase “his throne” represents God’s rule. Possible meanings are (1) “He rules in order to judge people” or (2) “He rules over people justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
208 | PSA | 9 | 8 | pgg5 | figs-parallelism | 0 | He will judge the world with righteousness…he will execute judgment for the nations with fairness | These two clauses express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
209 | PSA | 9 | 8 | dz3w | figs-metonymy | 0 | He will judge the world with righteousness | Here “the world” refers to all the people in the world. Alternate translation: “He will judge all the people of the world righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
210 | PSA | 9 | 9 | y7hd | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh also will be a stronghold for the oppressed | God is spoken of as if he were a place that people could go to for safety. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will also protect the oppressed” or “Yahweh will also provide safety for those who are oppressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
211 | PSA | 9 | 10 | mb1z | figs-metonymy | 0 | Those who know your name | Here the words “your name” represent God. Alternate translation: “Those who know you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
212 | PSA | 9 | 10 | dj61 | 0 | do not abandon | “do not forsake” or “do not leave” | ||
213 | PSA | 9 | 11 | nb7x | 0 | who rules in Zion | “who lives in Jerusalem” | ||
214 | PSA | 9 | 11 | i7js | figs-metonymy | 0 | tell the nations | Here “the nations” represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
215 | PSA | 9 | 12 | lcs5 | figs-explicit | 0 | For the God who avenges bloodshed remembers | What he remembers can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “For the God who avenges bloodshed remembers those who were killed” or “For God remembers those who were killed and he punishes the killers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
216 | PSA | 9 | 12 | wk9a | 0 | he does not forget the cry | “He does not ignore the cry” | ||
217 | PSA | 9 | 13 | j8i9 | figs-activepassive | 0 | see how I am oppressed by those who hate me | This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “see how those who hate me oppress me” or “see how badly my enemies treat me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
218 | PSA | 9 | 13 | p41p | figs-metaphor | 0 | you who can snatch me from the gates of death | Death is spoken of as if it were a city that had gates through which people enter it. If someone is near the gates of death, it means that he will die soon. Keeping someone from dying is spoken of as taking him away from the gates of that city. Alternate translation: “you who can rescue me from death” or “you who can keep me from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
219 | PSA | 9 | 15 | re95 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The nations have sunk down into the pit that they made | People dig pits so they can catch animals that fall into them. Here digging a pit represents making plans to destroy people. Alternate translation: “The nations are like people who dig a pit for others and then fall into it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
220 | PSA | 9 | 15 | g4gq | figs-metaphor | 0 | their feet are caught in the net that they hid | People hide nets so they can catch animals that get caught in them. Here hiding a net represents making plans to destroy people. Alternate translation: “they are like people who hide a net and get trapped in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
221 | PSA | 9 | 16 | fy3r | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked is ensnared by his own actions | Here “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to any wicked person. A wicked person acting to harm other people is spoken of as if the wicked person had made a trap and then fallen into it and been unable to escape. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when a wicked person tries to harm other people, his actions will end up harming him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
222 | PSA | 9 | 16 | z41t | 0 | is ensnared | “is trapped” | ||
223 | PSA | 9 | 17 | bw3u | 0 | turned back | “rejected” | ||
224 | PSA | 9 | 17 | wmb4 | 0 | all the nations that forget God | This refers to “the wicked.” | ||
225 | PSA | 9 | 18 | f28n | figs-activepassive | 0 | For the needy will not always be forgotten | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not always forget the needy” or “God will remember the needy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
226 | PSA | 9 | 18 | ln7u | figs-metaphor | 0 | nor will the hope of the oppressed be forever dashed | Hopes are spoken of as if they were objects that could be broken or destroyed. Hopes being destroyed represents the things that people hope for never happening. Alternate translation: “and the oppressed will not hope forever without results” or “and someday what the oppressed hope for will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
227 | PSA | 9 | 19 | zrv7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Arise | Getting up represents starting to do something. Alternate translation: “Do something” or “Take action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
228 | PSA | 9 | 19 | dw6d | 0 | man | people | ||
229 | PSA | 9 | 19 | f879 | figs-metonymy | 0 | be judged | Here judging represents punishing. Alternate translation: “be punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
230 | PSA | 9 | 19 | dca3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | in your sight | Here sight represents presence. Alternate translation: “in your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
231 | PSA | 9 | 19 | xin9 | figs-activepassive | 0 | may the nations be judged in your sight | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “judge the nations in your presence” or “take the nations into your presence and punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
232 | PSA | 10 | intro | h366 | 0 | Psalm 010 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 10 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterEvil peopleThe wicked people are prospering and think that God does not care. They think that he is not involved in these affairs. They destroy the innocent. The godly need God to come to their rescue and to punish the wicked people for the evil that they are doing to the good people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) Second half of Psalm 9As noted in the intro to the last psalm, this one is part of an acrostic poem. This psalm covers the last half on the Hebrew alphabet. It also does not have a superscription to introduce it. However, the psalms do separate well on the subjects they address. One addresses thanksgiving and praise whereas Psalm 10 is a lament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) | |||
233 | PSA | 10 | 1 | he97 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
234 | PSA | 10 | 1 | l729 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Why, Yahweh, do you stand far off? Why do you hide yourself in times of trouble? | The speaker uses these questions to express his distress that God has not helped him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, it seems as though you are far away from me and you hide from me whenever I am in trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
235 | PSA | 10 | 2 | ml6r | 0 | schemes | evil plans | ||
236 | PSA | 10 | 3 | hd9r | figs-genericnoun | 0 | the wicked person | This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
237 | PSA | 10 | 3 | lk5v | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | his deepest desires | The noun “desires” can be expressed with the verb “want. “Alternate translation: “the things that he wants very much to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
238 | PSA | 10 | 3 | bcd9 | 0 | the greedy | “greedy people” | ||
239 | PSA | 10 | 4 | nkz2 | figs-genericnoun | 0 | The wicked man | This refers here to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
240 | PSA | 10 | 4 | es9w | figs-metaphor | 0 | has a raised face | A raised face represents pride or arrogance. Alternate translation: “has an arrogant attitude” or “is proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
241 | PSA | 10 | 4 | je9x | figs-metaphor | 0 | he does not seek God | Seeking God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “he does not ask God for help” or “he does not think about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
242 | PSA | 10 | 5 | h3lz | 0 | He is secure at all times | “He is safe at all times.” He is not really safe, but he thinks that he is. | ||
243 | PSA | 10 | 5 | ee2m | figs-metaphor | 0 | your righteous decrees are too high for him | Something that is hard to understand is spoken of as if it were too high to reach. Alternate translation: “he cannot understand your righteous decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
244 | PSA | 10 | 5 | bbt7 | translate-symaction | 0 | he snorts at all his enemies | People snort at their enemies when they think that their enemies are weak and worthless. Alternate translation: “he thinks that all his enemies are weak and worthless” or “he sneers at all his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
245 | PSA | 10 | 5 | dxb3 | 0 | he snorts | This means that he blows air out noisily through his nose. | ||
246 | PSA | 10 | 6 | j7qk | 0 | He says | “The wicked man says” | ||
247 | PSA | 10 | 6 | xus1 | 0 | throughout all generations | This probably simply means “forever.” | ||
248 | PSA | 10 | 6 | y26y | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will not meet adversity | Experiencing adversity is spoken of as meeting it. Alternate translation: “I will not have any troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
249 | PSA | 10 | 7 | d42j | figs-metonymy | 0 | His mouth is full of curses and lies and oppression | What people say is spoken of as being in their mouth. Alternate translation: “He always curses people, tells lies, and threatens to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
250 | PSA | 10 | 7 | xj9b | figs-metonymy | 0 | under his tongue are mischief and evil | Here the tongue represents speaking. Alternate translation: or “what he says injures and destroys people” or “he speaks words that threaten and hurt people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
251 | PSA | 10 | 8 | x2zt | 0 | He waits in ambush | The word “he” refers to the wicked man. | ||
252 | PSA | 10 | 8 | urg9 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | his eyes look for some helpless victim | The eyes represent him. Alternate translation: “he looks for some helpless victim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
253 | PSA | 10 | 9 | sd5u | figs-simile | 0 | He lurks in secret like a lion in the thicket | This speaks of the wicked person as if he were a lion. Alternate translation: “He hides while he waits for the weak to walk near him, the same way a lion quietly waits in the bush for the animal it wants to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
254 | PSA | 10 | 9 | jkf7 | 0 | lurks | This means to hide or wait with intent to harm or kill. | ||
255 | PSA | 10 | 9 | ug79 | 0 | he lies in wait | “lies down waiting” or “he hides and waits” | ||
256 | PSA | 10 | 9 | g5jl | figs-metaphor | 0 | He catches the oppressed when he pulls in his net | The writer speaks of the wicked person catching people as if he were a hunter using a net to catch animals. Alternate translation: “He catches the oppressed like a hunter that catches an animal in a net and drags it away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
257 | PSA | 10 | 10 | bcg4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | they fall into his strong nets | The writer continues to speak of the wicked person catching people as if he were a hunter, his plans were nets, and the people were animals that fall into his net. Alternate translation: “his victims are caught by his plans like animals that fall into a hunter’s strong nets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
258 | PSA | 10 | 11 | y4zx | figs-genericnoun | 0 | He says | The word “He” refers to the wicked person, and to wicked people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
259 | PSA | 10 | 11 | ty8w | figs-metaphor | 0 | God has forgotten | Refusing to pay attention to what people do is spoken of as forgetting. Alternate translation: “God does not pay attention” or “God does not care about what I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
260 | PSA | 10 | 11 | vdi5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he covers his face | Refusing to pay attention to what someone does is spoken of as covering one’s face. Alternate translation: “God refuses to see what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
261 | PSA | 10 | 11 | xd2r | figs-metaphor | 0 | he will not bother to look | Paying attention to what someone does is spoken of as looking at it. Alternate translation: “he will not bother to pay attention” or “he will not care” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
262 | PSA | 10 | 12 | l9k2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Arise | Starting to do something is spoken of as getting up. Alternate translation: “Do something” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
263 | PSA | 10 | 12 | k3kx | figs-metonymy | 0 | Lift up your hand | Here lifting the hand to hit someone represents punishing him. Alternate translation: “Hit him hard” or “Punish the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
264 | PSA | 10 | 13 | w9gj | figs-rquestion | 0 | Why does the wicked man reject God and say…“You will not hold me accountable”? | The speaker uses this question to show that he is very sad that wicked people do these things. Alternate translation: “Wicked people are always rejecting God and saying…‘You will not hold me accountable.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
265 | PSA | 10 | 13 | tfq6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | You will not hold me accountable | “You will not require me to tell you why I do what I do.” Holding someone accountable here represents punishing him. Alternate translation: “You will not punish me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
266 | PSA | 10 | 15 | v9ju | figs-metonymy | 0 | Break the arm of the wicked and evil man | Here “arm” represents power. Alternate translation: “Destroy the power of the wicked and evil man” or “Make the wicked and evil man weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
267 | PSA | 10 | 15 | z4yy | figs-doublet | 0 | wicked and evil | These words have the same meaning. You can use one word to express both concepts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
268 | PSA | 10 | 15 | m5mv | figs-metonymy | 0 | Make him account for his evil deeds | Making someone account for his evil deeds represents punishing him. Alternate translation: “Punish him for the evil things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
269 | PSA | 10 | 16 | zc2f | figs-activepassive | 0 | the nations are driven out of his land | This can be stated in active form. “Yahweh forces the people of other nations to leave his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
270 | PSA | 10 | 17 | d6nx | figs-explicit | 0 | you have heard the needs of the oppressed | It is implied that the oppressed people cried out to God. Alternate translation: “when oppressed people cried out to you, you listened to them tell you what they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
271 | PSA | 10 | 17 | yqz9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | you strengthen their heart | A strong heart represents courage, and making people’s hearts strong represents encouraging them. Alternate translation: “you encourage them” or “you make them confident” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
272 | PSA | 10 | 18 | w3s1 | 0 | no man…will cause terror again | “no one…will cause people to be afraid again” | ||
273 | PSA | 11 | intro | zn9r | 0 | Psalm 011 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 11 is a worship psalm. It tells how great God is and that God delivers the good people from the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapterJusticeThe wicked people try to destroy the good people but God knows everything that is being done and he saves the good people and destroys the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) | |||
274 | PSA | 11 | 1 | t2nr | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
275 | PSA | 11 | 1 | ca3b | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
276 | PSA | 11 | 1 | i5j2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | take refuge in Yahweh | Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to Yahweh for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
277 | PSA | 11 | 1 | dp1y | figs-rquestion | 0 | how will you say to me, “Flee like a bird to the mountain”? | This question is asked to provide emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “So do not ask me to run away!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
278 | PSA | 11 | 2 | lc13 | 0 | For see! The wicked prepare their bows. They make ready their arrows on the strings to shoot in the darkness at the upright in heart | “Look! the wicked are preparing to attack upright people” | ||
279 | PSA | 11 | 2 | td66 | 0 | upright in heart | Here “upright in heart” refers to godly or righteous people. | ||
280 | PSA | 11 | 3 | dyu6 | figs-rquestion | 0 | For if the foundations are ruined, what can the righteous do? | Here “the foundations” may refer to law and order. This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Righteous people cannot do anything when evil people are not punished when they disobey the laws!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
281 | PSA | 11 | 4 | je8v | figs-synecdoche | 0 | his eyes watch, his eyes examine the children of mankind | Here Yahweh is represented by his “eyes.” Yahweh is aware of everything that happens. Alternate translation: “He examines all that humanity does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
282 | PSA | 11 | 4 | u9bt | 0 | children of mankind | “humanity” | ||
283 | PSA | 11 | 5 | ars4 | 0 | Yahweh examines | “Yahweh watches carefully” | ||
284 | PSA | 11 | 5 | qa59 | 0 | do violence | “hurt others” | ||
285 | PSA | 11 | 6 | t8lu | figs-metaphor | 0 | He rains burning coals and brimstone upon the wicked; a scorching wind will be their portion from his cup! | God’s punishment is described as if it were burning coals and brimstone from a volcano. Alternate translation: “He punishes the wicked; there will be no relief for them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
286 | PSA | 11 | 6 | i1h8 | 0 | brimstone | sulphur | ||
287 | PSA | 11 | 7 | ai4r | 0 | see his face | “be in his presence” | ||
288 | PSA | 12 | intro | c38b | 0 | Psalm 012 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 12 is a judgment psalm, where the author asks God to judge and punish the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh savesThere are so many wicked people now and they are proud of their evil. But God will save the poor who call out to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]]) WordsThis relatively short psalm focuses on the words people use. | |||
289 | PSA | 12 | 1 | lrn6 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
290 | PSA | 12 | 1 | l7ap | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
291 | PSA | 12 | 1 | d3jh | 0 | set to the Sheminith | This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 6:1. | ||
292 | PSA | 12 | 1 | w9wb | 0 | Help, Yahweh | “Yahweh, come to my aid” | ||
293 | PSA | 12 | 1 | ckb5 | 0 | those who have integrity have vanished | “faithful people have all vanished” | ||
294 | PSA | 12 | 2 | p59u | figs-hyperbole | 0 | Everyone says…everyone speaks | The two occurrences of “everyone” are exaggerations, used to emphasize that this is true of very many people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
295 | PSA | 12 | 2 | k6d8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | everyone speaks with flattering lips and a double heart | Here “lips” is a metonym for what people say, and “a double heart” is a metaphor for deception. Alternate translation: “everyone speaks with flattering words and deception” or “everyone praises people falsely and tells lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
296 | PSA | 12 | 3 | cis2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | cut off all flattering lips | Here “flattering lips” is a metonym for people who flatter others. Possible meanings are (1) “cut off” is a metaphor for killing. Alternate translation: “kill all who flatter others” or (2) “cut off” is a metaphor for stopping something. Alternate translation: “stop all those who flatter others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
297 | PSA | 12 | 3 | g9k2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | every tongue declaring great things | Here “every tongue” represents every person who declares great things. Alternate translation: “every person who boasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
298 | PSA | 12 | 4 | j1nx | figs-metonymy | 0 | With our tongues will we prevail | Here the word “tongues” represents what people say. Alternate translation: “We will prevail because of what we say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
299 | PSA | 12 | 4 | ay1a | 0 | will we prevail | “we will succeed” or “we will win” or “we will be victorious” | ||
300 | PSA | 12 | 4 | n8z2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | When our lips speak | Here the “lips” represents the people who speak. Alternate translation: “When we speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
301 | PSA | 12 | 4 | le51 | figs-rquestion | 0 | who can be master over us? | This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that they believed no one could rule over them. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one can rule over us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
302 | PSA | 12 | 5 | bgl1 | 0 | groans | These are deep sounds that people make because of pain or some strong emotion. | ||
303 | PSA | 12 | 5 | qr86 | 0 | I will arise,” says Yahweh | This means Yahweh will do something to help the people. | ||
304 | PSA | 12 | 6 | jt35 | figs-simile | 0 | like silver purified in a furnace on the earth, refined seven times | Yahweh’s words are compared to silver that has been purified. Alternate translation: “they are without any imperfection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
305 | PSA | 12 | 7 | txp6 | 0 | You keep them | “You keep the righteous people safe” | ||
306 | PSA | 12 | 8 | q4v9 | 0 | walk on every side | “surround us” | ||
307 | PSA | 12 | 8 | y7uy | figs-activepassive | 0 | when evil is exalted among the children of mankind | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when people everywhere are praising evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
308 | PSA | 12 | 8 | lrt6 | 0 | children of mankind | “human beings” or “people” | ||
309 | PSA | 13 | intro | nza7 | 0 | Psalm 013 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 13 is a psalm of deliverance because the psalmist is calling on God to deliver him from death and his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s helpThe author needs God to help him because his enemies will rejoice if they are able to defeat him. The string of rhetorical questions is very effective at heightening the fear David is feeling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) | |||
310 | PSA | 13 | 1 | vsr8 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
311 | PSA | 13 | 1 | hwf6 | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
312 | PSA | 13 | 1 | xg9c | figs-rquestion | 0 | How long, Yahweh, will you keep forgetting about me? | This question is asked to get the reader’s attention and to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, it seems that you have forgotten about me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
313 | PSA | 13 | 1 | v3px | figs-synecdoche | 0 | How long…face from me? | The words “your face” represent God’s whole being. This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems like you are hiding from me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
314 | PSA | 13 | 2 | pg6n | figs-rquestion | 0 | How long will my enemy triumph over me? | This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely my enemies will not always defeat me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
315 | PSA | 13 | 3 | vs9y | 0 | Look at me and answer me | “Give me your attention and listen to me” | ||
316 | PSA | 13 | 3 | x789 | figs-idiom | 0 | Give light to my eyes | This is a way of asking for strength. Alternate translation: “Make me strong again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
317 | PSA | 13 | 3 | t9hl | figs-euphemism | 0 | or I will sleep in death | To “sleep in death” means to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
318 | PSA | 13 | 4 | ucm3 | 0 | Do not let my enemy say…so that my enemy may not say | “Do not let my enemy say about me…so that my enemy may not say about me” | ||
319 | PSA | 13 | 4 | x5p1 | 0 | when I am brought down | “when I fall” or “when they defeat me” | ||
320 | PSA | 13 | 5 | l1in | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | I have trusted in your covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “I have trusted that you are faithful to your covenant” or “I have trusted you because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
321 | PSA | 13 | 5 | s3s4 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my heart rejoices in your salvation | Here “my heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will rejoice because you have rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
322 | PSA | 14 | intro | a269 | 0 | Psalm 014 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 14 is a deliverance psalm because he is trusting God to deliver the poor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) Special concepts in this chapterEvil peopleWicked people do not even consider God when they make their plans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) | |||
323 | PSA | 14 | 1 | ghg8 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
324 | PSA | 14 | 1 | l8jh | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
325 | PSA | 14 | 1 | bwz9 | figs-idiom | 0 | A fool says in his heart | This is an idiom that means to say to oneself or to think to oneself. Alternate translation: “A foolish person says to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
326 | PSA | 14 | 1 | r75x | 0 | They are corrupt | The word “they” refers to all foolish human beings who say there is no God. | ||
327 | PSA | 14 | 2 | zm7b | 0 | children of mankind | This phrase refers to all humans. | ||
328 | PSA | 14 | 2 | vw7w | figs-metaphor | 0 | who seek after him | This describes those who desire to know God as if they were actually following him on a path. Alternate translation: “who desire to know him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
329 | PSA | 14 | 3 | l4ef | figs-metaphor | 0 | They have all turned away | This describes people who have rejected God as if they had stopped walking on the right path and had gone in another direction. Alternate translation: “They have all turned away from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
330 | PSA | 14 | 4 | v11h | figs-rquestion | 0 | Do they not know anything…who do not call on Yahweh? | This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “They act as if they do not know anything…who do not call on Yahweh. But they know what they are doing!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
331 | PSA | 14 | 4 | a11q | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | those who commit iniquity | The abstract nouns “iniquity” can be stated as “evil deeds.” Alternate translation: “those who do evil deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
332 | PSA | 14 | 4 | amq1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | those who eat up my people | This refers to those who do evil things and destroy God’s people as if they were eating food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
333 | PSA | 14 | 5 | g962 | 0 | They tremble | The word “they” refers to those who do evil things. | ||
334 | PSA | 14 | 5 | p7fp | figs-explicit | 0 | God is with the righteous assembly | To say that “God is with” those who are righteous means that he helps them. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “God helps those who act righteously” or “God helps those who do the right things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
335 | PSA | 14 | 6 | a6ad | 0 | You want | The word “you” here refers to the wicked people. | ||
336 | PSA | 14 | 6 | eb9r | 0 | to humiliate the poor person | “to make the person who is poor feel ashamed” | ||
337 | PSA | 14 | 6 | ysx7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh is his refuge | This speaks of the protection that Yahweh provides as if he were a shelter that one might seek in a storm. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is like a shelter of protection to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
338 | PSA | 14 | 7 | uji3 | figs-exclamations | 0 | Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion! | This is an exclamation. The writer is saying what he wishes or longs for God to do. Alternate translation: “I wish so much that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
339 | PSA | 14 | 7 | xxx6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion! | Here “the salvation of Israel” is a metonym for Yahweh, the one who saves Israel. Alternate translation: “Oh, that Yahweh would come from Zion and save Israel!” or “I wish that Yahweh would come from Zion and rescue his people Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
340 | PSA | 14 | 7 | h25q | figs-parallelism | 0 | then Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad | These two phrases mean the same thing. Here both “Jacob” and “Israel” represent the people of Israel. The two phrases can be combined in the translation. Alternate translation: “then all the people of Israel will rejoice greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
341 | PSA | 15 | intro | j6s2 | 0 | Psalm 015 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 15 is a wisdom psalm telling how people who honor God should live. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) Special concepts in this chapterGodlinessThis psalm outlines a person who is godly and sees others from a godly perspective. There are several good actions mentioned. Such a person treats his neighbor right, does not slander him, does not take a bribe or interest from him, and keeps his promises even when it is difficult to do so. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) Moral Conditions for WorshipScholars have noted that this psalm contains a list of ten different conditions for those who want to participate in worship at the temple. The list consists of three positives in verse 2, 3 negatives in verse 3, two positives in verse 4, followed by two negatives in verse 5. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) | |||
342 | PSA | 15 | 1 | u6j8 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
343 | PSA | 15 | 1 | sql5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Who may live on your holy hill? | God’s “holy hill” represents God’s temple, which was on Mount Zion. Alternate translation: “Who may live in your holy place?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
344 | PSA | 15 | 2 | jg77 | 0 | speaks truth from his heart | “speaks honestly” | ||
345 | PSA | 15 | 3 | n4z5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | He does not slander with his tongue | Here “tongue” represents what a person says. The word “he” refers to the “righeous person” (Psalms 15:2). Alternate translation: “He does not slander people with his speech” or “He does not say evil things about innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
346 | PSA | 15 | 3 | ih3s | 0 | harm | hurt | ||
347 | PSA | 15 | 4 | y2jl | 0 | The worthless person is despised in his eyes, but he honors those who fear Yahweh | “Righteous people hate those who have rejected God, but they honor those who respect God” | ||
348 | PSA | 15 | 4 | y1aw | 0 | The worthless person | “The wicked person” or “The person who has rejected Yahweh” | ||
349 | PSA | 15 | 5 | qq63 | figs-metaphor | 0 | will never be shaken | Here “to be shaken” represents not living safely any longer. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will live in safety” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
350 | PSA | 16 | intro | hm6c | 0 | Psalm 016 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 16 is a psalm of praise, thanking God for all his mercies. The New Testament considers this psalm to be a messianic psalm: a psalm about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) Special concepts in this chapterMessiahGod has been so good to the psalmist, who will worship no other god. The New Testament considers the tenth verse to be about Christ’s resurrection when it says that he is God’s anointed one, and that God will not leave his body in the grave to decay. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]]) SuperscriptionThe term “Michtam” is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this term, but in the end no one is certain what it means. So it is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you are welcome to translate it as “psalm.” | |||
351 | PSA | 16 | 1 | m94a | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
352 | PSA | 16 | 1 | u6cp | figs-metaphor | 0 | take refuge in you | Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
353 | PSA | 16 | 3 | b6f8 | figs-explicit | 0 | the holy people who are on the earth | Here “holy people” refers to God’s own people who trust him. Alternate translation: “your people who live in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
354 | PSA | 16 | 4 | j4m1 | figs-activepassive | 0 | Their troubles will be…gods | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The troubles of those who seek other gods will increase” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
355 | PSA | 16 | 4 | b7s4 | 0 | pour out…blood to their gods | “pour out blood as a sacrifice to their gods” | ||
356 | PSA | 16 | 4 | xj7h | figs-exmetaphor | 0 | or lift up their names with my lips | Lifting up their names is a metaphor for praising them, and “lips” is a metonym for what one says. Alternate translation: “or praise them with my words” or “and I will not praise their gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
357 | PSA | 16 | 5 | v4p8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | my chosen portion | Here David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a portion of land that has been given to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
358 | PSA | 16 | 5 | b3bh | figs-metaphor | 0 | my cup | Here David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a cup that contains many blessings. Alternate translation: “the one who blesses me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
359 | PSA | 16 | 5 | efb4 | 0 | You hold onto my lot | “You determine my future” or “You control what will happen to me” | ||
360 | PSA | 16 | 6 | qf7f | figs-metonymy | 0 | Measuring lines…in pleasant places | Here laying down measuring lines is a metonym for measuring land and giving it to someone, and here this is a metaphor for God blessing David in many great ways. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You have measured off land for me in pleasant places” or “You have given me land in pleasant places” or “You bless me like one who gives land in pleasant places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
361 | PSA | 16 | 6 | ag3m | 0 | Measuring lines | These are ropes that people use to measure a plot of land and mark its boundaries. | ||
362 | PSA | 16 | 6 | af57 | figs-metaphor | 0 | surely a pleasing inheritance is mine | Here David speaks of Yahweh’s blessings as if they were an inheritance that he has received. Alternate translation: “I am delighted with all the things that he has given me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
363 | PSA | 16 | 8 | z682 | 0 | I set Yahweh before me at all times | “I always remember that Yahweh is with me” | ||
364 | PSA | 16 | 8 | yj9i | figs-activepassive | 0 | so I will not be shaken from his right hand | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing will take me away from his side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
365 | PSA | 16 | 9 | in9q | 0 | General Information: | David continues to speak to God. | ||
366 | PSA | 16 | 9 | p2bc | figs-metonymy | 0 | my heart is glad | Here the “heart” represents the speaker’s thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “Therefore I am glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
367 | PSA | 16 | 9 | e6e1 | 0 | my glory is rejoicing | Possible meanings are (1) the word “glory” represents the honor a person feels. Alternate translation: “I am honored to rejoice in God” or (2) the word translated “glory” really means “liver” and represents the speaker’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I am rejoicing” | ||
368 | PSA | 16 | 11 | b54u | 0 | abundant joy | “great joy” or “a large amount of joy” | ||
369 | PSA | 16 | 11 | hxq5 | figs-personification | 0 | joy resides in your presence | The writer speaks of “joy” as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
370 | PSA | 16 | 11 | v4yr | figs-idiom | 0 | in your right hand | The words “right hand” indicate being in God’s special presence. Alternate translation: “when I am near you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
371 | PSA | 17 | intro | thd2 | 0 | Psalm 017 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 17 is a prayer for deliverance from all his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterInnocenceThe psalmist is innocent and needs God to rescue him from these enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]]) | |||
372 | PSA | 17 | 1 | y32y | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
373 | PSA | 17 | 1 | z6y3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Give ear to my prayer from lips without deceit | The phrase “give ear” is a metaphor for listening, and “lips without deceit” is synecdoche for a person who does not lie. Alternate translation: “Listen to my prayer for I speak without deceit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
374 | PSA | 17 | 2 | k4su | figs-metaphor | 0 | Let my vindication come from your presence | Vindication coming from God represents God judging someone and declaring him innocent. God’s “presence” is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: “Let my vindication come from you” or “Declare that I am innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
375 | PSA | 17 | 2 | t9kx | figs-synecdoche | 0 | let your eyes see what is right! | Here “your eyes” is synecdoche for God himself, and “see” is a metaphor for paying attention and firmly deciding to do something. Alternate translation: “please see what is right” or “do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
376 | PSA | 17 | 3 | pi85 | figs-idiom | 0 | If you test my heart, if you come to me in the night | Here “test my heart” means to examine my thoughts and motives. Alternate translation: “If you examine my thoughts in the night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
377 | PSA | 17 | 3 | w51q | figs-personification | 0 | my mouth will not transgress | Here the mouth is spoken of as if it were capable of acting on its own. It also represents the words that a person speaks. Alternate translation: “I will not tell lies or sin with my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
378 | PSA | 17 | 4 | u1m8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | it is at the word of your lips that I have kept myself from the ways of the lawless | Here “the word of your lips” is a metonym for God’s instruction, and “the ways of the lawless” is a metaphor for the things that lawless people do. Alternate translation: “it is by obeying your instruction that I have kept myself from doing the things that lawless people do” or “your instruction has caused me to avoid doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
379 | PSA | 17 | 5 | nw8l | figs-parallelism | 0 | My steps have held firmly to your tracks; my feet have not slipped | Both of these clauses mean the same thing. The repetition adds emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
380 | PSA | 17 | 5 | ve61 | figs-metaphor | 0 | my feet have not slipped | The writer speaks of his obedience to God as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “I am determined to follow your ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
381 | PSA | 17 | 6 | fh7p | figs-parallelism | 0 | turn your ear to me…listen when I speak | These phrases mean the same thing. Here “your ear” refers to God’s willingness to hear someone who prays to him. Alternate translation: “pay attention to me…listen when I speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
382 | PSA | 17 | 7 | m4v2 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Show your covenant faithfulness in a wonderful way | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Show in a wonderful way that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
383 | PSA | 17 | 7 | g2x5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | your right hand | The “right hand” refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “your mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
384 | PSA | 17 | 7 | ll6h | figs-metaphor | 0 | take refuge in you | Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
385 | PSA | 17 | 8 | ar64 | figs-simile | 0 | Protect me like the apple of your eye | The “apple of your eye” refers to something that is valuable. Alternate translation: “Protect me as you would something most valuable and precious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
386 | PSA | 17 | 8 | f3hh | figs-metaphor | 0 | hide me under the shadow of your wings | David speaks of God’s protection as if he were a bird protecting its young under its wings. Alternate translation: “Keep me safe as a mother bird protects her babies by gathering them under her wing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
387 | PSA | 17 | 10 | rd6l | figs-synecdoche | 0 | their mouths speak with pride | Here “their mouths speak” represents his enemies when they speak. Alternate translation: “they speak with pride” or “they are always boasting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
388 | PSA | 17 | 11 | yzx5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | They have surrounded my steps | Here “surrounded my steps” represents how David’s enemies have followed him everywhere he goes in order to capture him. Alternate translation: “My enemies have surrounded me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
389 | PSA | 17 | 12 | iq89 | figs-parallelism | 0 | like a lion eager for a victim, like a young lion crouching in hidden places | These two phrases express very similar ideas. The repetition adds intensity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
390 | PSA | 17 | 12 | c8wr | figs-simile | 0 | They are like a lion…like a young lion | The writer feels pursued the way a lion hunts its prey (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
391 | PSA | 17 | 13 | p2s3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | by your sword | This is a metaphor for Yahweh’s power and for violent death in war. Alternate translation: “by having them die in war” or “by killing them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
392 | PSA | 17 | 14 | mf1x | figs-parallelism | 0 | Rescue me from men by your hand, Yahweh, from men of this world | This clause adds intensity to the words “Rescue my life from the wicked by your sword” (Psalms 17:13). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
393 | PSA | 17 | 14 | wh2m | figs-metonymy | 0 | by your hand | These words represent the power of Yahweh and add intensity to the words “by your sword” (Psalms 17:13). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
394 | PSA | 17 | 14 | xg3n | figs-metaphor | 0 | You will fill the bellies of your treasured ones with riches | The ancient text is hard to understand. Possible meanings are (1) “treasured” is a metaphor for loved, and “your treasured ones” refers to the people whom God loves. Alternate translation: “you will fill the bellies of the people you love with riches” or (2) “your treasured ones” refers to treasures that God gives to people, the “men of this world” Alternate translation: “you will fill their bellies with rich treasures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
395 | PSA | 17 | 14 | knu1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | You will fill the bellies…with riches | Here “fill the bellies…with riches” is a metaphor for giving them many valuable things. Possible meanings are (1) “You will give many riches to the people you love” or (2) “you will give the men of this world many riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
396 | PSA | 17 | 15 | ck39 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | I will see your face in righteousness | Here “face” represents Yahweh in all of his being. David is confident he will see Yahweh. Alternate translation: “because I act in the right way, I will be with you one day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
397 | PSA | 17 | 15 | bpx8 | figs-explicit | 0 | I will be satisfied, when I awake, with a sight of you | David believes that after he dies, he will be with Yahweh. This can be made clear in the translation. Alternate translation: “After I die, I will be happy to wake up in your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
398 | PSA | 18 | intro | enj7 | 0 | Psalm 018 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 18 is a psalm of praise to God for his strengthening David for war. Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s powerGod has tremendous power and he enabled David to prosper in war. This psalm, and its superscription, also appears in 1 Samuel 22 with some minor differences. | |||
399 | PSA | 18 | 1 | xfk3 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
400 | PSA | 18 | 1 | ig1a | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
401 | PSA | 18 | 1 | vm1x | 0 | A psalm of David | Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. | ||
402 | PSA | 18 | 1 | p2da | 0 | he sang to Yahweh the words of this song | “he sang this song to Yahweh” | ||
403 | PSA | 18 | 1 | rhv3 | 0 | on the day that Yahweh rescued him | “after Yahweh had rescued him” | ||
404 | PSA | 18 | 1 | hna8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | from the hand of Saul | Here “hand” stands for the power of Saul. Alternate translation: “from Saul’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
405 | PSA | 18 | 2 | tcf6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh is my rock | David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock. The word “rock” is a picture of a safe place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
406 | PSA | 18 | 2 | bmi2 | figs-doublet | 0 | my rock, my fortress | Here the words “rock” and “fortress” share similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh provides safety from enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
407 | PSA | 18 | 2 | v8xz | figs-metaphor | 0 | take refuge in him | Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to him for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
408 | PSA | 18 | 2 | k49n | figs-metaphor | 0 | my shield, the horn of my salvation, and my stronghold | David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a “shield,” “the horn” of his salvation, and his “stronghold.” Yahweh is the one who protects him from harm. Here a similar idea is repeated three ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
409 | PSA | 18 | 3 | d5g1 | 0 | I will be saved from my enemies | “I will be rescued from my enemies” | ||
410 | PSA | 18 | 4 | fsd4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The cords of death surrounded me | David speaks of death as if it were a person who could capture him and bind him with ropes. Alternate translation: “I was about to be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
411 | PSA | 18 | 4 | m5rx | figs-metaphor | 0 | rushing waters of worthlessness | David is as helpless as if he were being carried away by a rushing flood of waters. Alternate translation: “I felt completely helpless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
412 | PSA | 18 | 5 | e9l1 | figs-personification | 0 | The cords of Sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me | Here “Sheol,” the place of the dead, and “death” are spoken of as if they were people who could surround and trap him. These two clauses have similar meanings and the idea is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I felt trapped and thought I was going to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
413 | PSA | 18 | 6 | s721 | 0 | In my distress | “In my great need” or “In my despair” | ||
414 | PSA | 18 | 6 | jr71 | figs-personification | 0 | my call for help went into his presence | Here David speaks of his “call for help” as if it were a person who could come into the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I prayed to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
415 | PSA | 18 | 6 | fs4g | figs-parallelism | 0 | it went into his ears | Here David speaks of how Yahweh heard his cry for help. The idea is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: “he heard my appeal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
416 | PSA | 18 | 7 | dal8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Then the earth…shaken because God was angry | God’s being angry is spoken of as if the there was a terrible earthquake. Alternate translation: “God was so angry that it was as if the earth…shaken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
417 | PSA | 18 | 7 | xka3 | figs-doublet | 0 | the earth shook and trembled | The words “shook” and “trembled” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how greatly the earth shook. Alternate translation: “the land moved back and forth” or “the ground moved up and down” or “there was a violent earthquake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
418 | PSA | 18 | 7 | svs2 | figs-activepassive | 0 | the foundations of the mountains also trembled and were shaken | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the foundations of the mountains also trembled and shook” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
419 | PSA | 18 | 8 | al4i | figs-metaphor | 0 | Smoke went up from out of his nostrils…Coals were ignited by it | David speaks of Yahweh as if he were breathing fire. This is a picture of how angry God was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
420 | PSA | 18 | 8 | zsk4 | figs-activepassive | 0 | blazing fire came out of his mouth. Coals were ignited by it | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “blazing fire came out of his mouth and ignited coals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
421 | PSA | 18 | 9 | fkd8 | 0 | He opened | The word “He” refers to Yahweh. | ||
422 | PSA | 18 | 9 | aw5e | figs-personification | 0 | thick darkness was under his feet | Though Yahweh does not actually have feet, the Psalmist gives him human characteristics. Alternate translation: “thick darkness was beneath him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
423 | PSA | 18 | 10 | wt4l | figs-personification | 0 | wings of the wind | Here the Psalmist speaks of the wind as if it had wings like an angel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
424 | PSA | 18 | 11 | a2gi | 0 | He made darkness…him | Here the words “He” and “him” refer to Yahweh. | ||
425 | PSA | 18 | 11 | edg2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | He made darkness a tent | Here darkness is spoken of as if it were a tent. Alternate translation: “He made darkness a covering” or “He made darkness a hiding place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
426 | PSA | 18 | 11 | jnx8 | 0 | heavy rainclouds | “clouds heavy with rain” or “thick, dark rainclouds” | ||
427 | PSA | 18 | 12 | t3xj | 0 | Hailstones | stones made of ice | ||
428 | PSA | 18 | 13 | dn6a | figs-simile | 0 | Yahweh thundered in the heavens | Yahweh’s voice sounded like thunder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
429 | PSA | 18 | 13 | dvy3 | 0 | the Most High | “the Most High” refers to Yahweh. | ||
430 | PSA | 18 | 14 | cw24 | figs-parallelism | 0 | He shot his arrows and scattered his enemies…lightning bolts dispersed them | Both of these clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
431 | PSA | 18 | 14 | h2p3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | He shot his arrows and scattered his enemies | Here lighting strikes are being spoken of as if they were arrows (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
432 | PSA | 18 | 14 | p7tz | 0 | dispersed them | “sent them in different directions” | ||
433 | PSA | 18 | 15 | b39a | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues to speak of Yaweh’s great power. | ||
434 | PSA | 18 | 15 | jfu2 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Then the water channels appeared; the foundations of the world were laid bare | These two clauses have similar meanings. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then the water channels appeared and the bottom of the ocean became visible; you exposed the foundations of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
435 | PSA | 18 | 15 | a125 | figs-personification | 0 | at the blast of the breath of your nostrils | Though God does not have human physical characteristics as described here, this pictures his mighty strength. The wind is spoken of here as if it came as a mighty blast from God’s nostrils. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
436 | PSA | 18 | 16 | m4pi | 0 | He reached down…he took hold…He pulled me | The word “He” in these verses refers to Yahweh. | ||
437 | PSA | 18 | 16 | kef1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | surging water | Here the Psalmist speaks of the dangers of his enemies as if they were huge waves or forceful waters, from which Yahweh has rescued him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
438 | PSA | 18 | 18 | eej1 | 0 | They came against me | Here “They” refers to the strong enemies in verse 17. | ||
439 | PSA | 18 | 18 | s1sk | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | They came against me on the day of my distress but Yahweh was my support | The abstract noun “distress” can be stated as an adjective. The abstract noun “support” can be stated as “protected.” Alternate translation: “Strong enemies attacked me on a day when I was distressed, but Yahweh protected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
440 | PSA | 18 | 20 | a3vx | figs-metonymy | 0 | my hands were clean | Here having clean hands represents being innocent of wrongdoing. Alternate translation: “I was innocent” or “my actions were right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
441 | PSA | 18 | 21 | y3m6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I have kept the ways of Yahweh | The laws of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were the paths on which one should walk. Alternate translation: “I have obeyed Yahweh’s laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
442 | PSA | 18 | 21 | tu8a | figs-metaphor | 0 | have not wickedly turned away from my God | Here being wicked is spoken of as if one left the right path and took the wrong path. Alternate translation: “have not done wickedly by turning away from my God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
443 | PSA | 18 | 22 | t97s | figs-parallelism | 0 | For all his righteous decrees…I have not turned away from them | Both of these clauses have similar meanings. The writer repeats these ideas for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
444 | PSA | 18 | 22 | gtv3 | 0 | have been before me | “have guided me” or “I have remembered” | ||
445 | PSA | 18 | 23 | gug9 | 0 | innocent before him | “innocent according to him” | ||
446 | PSA | 18 | 23 | gz4q | 0 | I have kept myself from sin | “I have not sinned” | ||
447 | PSA | 18 | 24 | tu18 | figs-metonymy | 0 | my hands were clean | To have “clean hands” means that one is innocent of wrongdoing. See how you translated this in Psalms 18:20: Alternate translation: “I was innocent” or “my actions were right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
448 | PSA | 18 | 24 | t3bt | figs-synecdoche | 0 | before his eyes | This refers to God’s presence. Alternate translation: “before him” or “according to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
449 | PSA | 18 | 25 | tb5y | 0 | General Information: | The writer speaks to Yahweh. | ||
450 | PSA | 18 | 25 | h851 | figs-explicit | 0 | To the one who is faithful | Here “faithful” means to do what God commands one to do. You can state this clearly. Alternate translation: “to those who faithfully obey your commandments” or “to those who faithfully do your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
451 | PSA | 18 | 26 | cn7t | 0 | you are clever toward anyone who is twisted | “you outwit anyone who is not honest” | ||
452 | PSA | 18 | 27 | v6yq | 0 | you bring down | “you humiliate” | ||
453 | PSA | 18 | 27 | w4ji | figs-idiom | 0 | with proud, uplifted eyes | This idiom refers to those who are proud. Alternate translation: “who are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
454 | PSA | 18 | 28 | w4pi | figs-metaphor | 0 | For you give light to my lamp; Yahweh my God lights up my darkness | The writer speaks of Yahweh’s presence as if he were a light. These clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
455 | PSA | 18 | 29 | jv31 | 0 | For by you I can run over a barricade | “For with your help I can cross any obstacle” | ||
456 | PSA | 18 | 30 | v53y | figs-metaphor | 0 | He is a shield to everyone who takes refuge in him | A shield protects a soldier. David speaks as if God were a shield protecting him. See how you translated this in Psalms 3:3. Alternate translation: “You, Yahweh, protect like a shield everyone who takes refuge in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
457 | PSA | 18 | 31 | d8xy | figs-rquestion | 0 | For who is God except Yahweh? Who is a rock except our God? | The implied answer is no one. Alternate translation: “Only Yahweh is God! Only our God is a rock!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
458 | PSA | 18 | 31 | xn5i | figs-metaphor | 0 | a rock | David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock that he could climb to get away from his enemies. See how you translated this in Psalms 18:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
459 | PSA | 18 | 32 | w9ef | figs-simile | 0 | puts strength on me like a belt | God gives strength to David as if it were a piece of clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
460 | PSA | 18 | 32 | z4ka | figs-metaphor | 0 | places the blameless person on his path | Here David speaks of living a life that is pleasing to God as if he were being placed on the right path. Alternate translation: “causes the blameless person to live a righteous life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
461 | PSA | 18 | 33 | w92y | figs-synecdoche | 0 | makes my feet swift | This refers to enabling a person to run fast. Alternate translation: “makes me run very fast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
462 | PSA | 18 | 33 | g696 | figs-simile | 0 | like a deer and places me on the heights | The deer is especially quick and stable in the mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
463 | PSA | 18 | 34 | q1v4 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | He trains my hands | Here “my hands” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “He trains me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
464 | PSA | 18 | 34 | tq4k | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my arms | This refers to the person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
465 | PSA | 18 | 35 | juz2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the shield of your salvation | Here the writer speaks of God’s protection as if it were a shield. The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “your protection and saved me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
466 | PSA | 18 | 35 | x6rm | figs-metonymy | 0 | Your right hand has supported me | Here God’s right hand represents his power. Alternate translation: “Your power has supported me” or “You have supported me by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
467 | PSA | 18 | 35 | yr5f | figs-metonymy | 0 | your favor has made me great | Here God’s favor represents him acting according to his favor. Alternate translation: “You have made me great according to your favor” or “By your kindness, you have made me great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
468 | PSA | 18 | 36 | ui92 | figs-metaphor | 0 | a wide place for my feet beneath me | The writer speaks of the safety that God has provided as if it were a wide place for him to stand. Here “my feet” represent the person. Alternate translation: “a safe place for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
469 | PSA | 18 | 36 | qhq7 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my feet have not slipped | Here “my feet” refers to the person. The writer refers to the safety of God’s protection as if he were standing on a place where he will not slip or fall. Alternate translation: “I have not slipped” or “I am doing well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
470 | PSA | 18 | 38 | v638 | 0 | I smashed them | “I crushed them” or “I broke them to pieces” | ||
471 | PSA | 18 | 38 | z8w8 | 0 | unable to rise | “unable to stand” | ||
472 | PSA | 18 | 38 | af9q | figs-idiom | 0 | they have fallen under my feet | This idiom means the Psalmist has defeated his enemies. Alternate translation: “I have defeated all of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
473 | PSA | 18 | 39 | t3xr | figs-simile | 0 | put strength on me like a belt | The Psalmist says that Yahweh has given him strength that surrounds and supports him like a belt. See how you translated this in Psalms 18:32. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
474 | PSA | 18 | 39 | xyh3 | figs-idiom | 0 | you put under me | Here the Psalmist speaks of the defeat of his enemies as if he were standing on them. Alternate translation: “you defeat for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
475 | PSA | 18 | 39 | xyp2 | figs-idiom | 0 | those who rise up against me | This refers to those who oppose the Psalmist. Alternate translation: “those who are my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
476 | PSA | 18 | 40 | h5yv | figs-metonymy | 0 | You gave me the back of my enemies’ necks | This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. Alternate translation: “You gave me victory over my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
477 | PSA | 18 | 40 | m3tx | figs-metonymy | 0 | You gave me the back of my enemies’ necks | This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. Possible images are (1) David could cut his enemies’ heads off at the neck or (2) David could put his foot down on his enemies’ necks or (3) David could see his enemies’ backs when they ran away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
478 | PSA | 18 | 40 | gp8b | 0 | I annihilated those who hated me | “I defeated those who hated me” or “I destroyed completely those who hated me” | ||
479 | PSA | 18 | 41 | whl5 | figs-idiom | 0 | but he did not answer them | This means Yahweh did not provide any help. Alternate translation: “but he did not help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
480 | PSA | 18 | 42 | tjm8 | figs-simile | 0 | I beat them into fine pieces like dust before the wind | The psalmists enemies are compared to dust to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
481 | PSA | 18 | 42 | vu6f | figs-simile | 0 | I threw them out like mud in the streets | The psalmist’s enemies are compared to mud in the streets to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
482 | PSA | 18 | 43 | t95d | 0 | disputes | disagreements, arguments | ||
483 | PSA | 18 | 43 | i9s6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | have made me the head over nations | Here “head” represents the ruler. Alternate translation: “appointed me to be the ruler over many nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
484 | PSA | 18 | 44 | c7dv | figs-activepassive | 0 | foreigners were forced to bow | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God forced foreigners to bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
485 | PSA | 18 | 45 | t4uc | figs-explicit | 0 | foreigners came trembling | Here “trembling” shows that they were very afraid. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “foreigners came shaking, showing that they were very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
486 | PSA | 18 | 46 | w5z5 | figs-activepassive | 0 | may my rock be praised | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he is my rock and he should be praised” or “may people praise my rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
487 | PSA | 18 | 46 | mv1z | figs-metaphor | 0 | my rock | Here the writer speaks of Yahweh’s protection as if he were a rock that prevented his enemies from reaching him. See how you translated this in Psalms 18:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
488 | PSA | 18 | 46 | h9ey | figs-activepassive | 0 | May the God of my salvation be exalted | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May people exalt the God of my salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
489 | PSA | 18 | 46 | xf2h | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the God of my salvation | The abstract nouns “salvation” can be stated as “saved” or “rescued.” Alternate translation: “the God who rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
490 | PSA | 18 | 47 | v7ab | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the God who executes vengeance for me | To “execute vengeance” means to punish people for their evil actions. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “vengeance.” Alternate translation: “the God who punishes people for the evil things they have done to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
491 | PSA | 18 | 48 | l9y3 | figs-activepassive | 0 | I am set free | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has set me free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
492 | PSA | 18 | 48 | z54b | figs-metaphor | 0 | you lifted me above | Yahweh’s protection of the writer is spoken of as if he lifted the writer up so high that his enemies could not reach him to harm him. Alternate translation: “you put me in a safe place high above” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
493 | PSA | 18 | 48 | k73f | 0 | who rose against me | “who attacked me” or “who rebelled against me” | ||
494 | PSA | 18 | 48 | inl3 | 0 | violent men | “cruel men” or “savage men” | ||
495 | PSA | 18 | 49 | f8x9 | figs-explicit | 0 | among the nations | Here the writer means that he will give thanks to Yahweh so that all people will hear of Yahweh’s greatness. Alternate translation: “so all the nations will hear about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
496 | PSA | 18 | 49 | qvh1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | to your name | Here “name” represents God himself. Alternate translation: “in honor of your name” or “to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
497 | PSA | 18 | 50 | ggt6 | figs-123person | 0 | victory to his king | By using the words “his king,” David is referring to himself as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
498 | PSA | 18 | 50 | sw5u | 0 | he shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one…to his descendants forever | “he faithfully loves me as he promised in his covenant, and he will love my descendants forever” | ||
499 | PSA | 19 | intro | sn29 | 0 | Psalm 019 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 19 is a praise psalm, praising God for his creation and for his law. Special concepts in this chapterGod’s lawGod’s law keeps people from sinning. There are two distinct themes in this psalm. Verses 1-6 are God’s glory in the heavens and the second is praising God for his law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) | |||
500 | PSA | 19 | 1 | s9h1 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
501 | PSA | 19 | 1 | j4zh | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
502 | PSA | 19 | 1 | mn6q | 0 | The heavens declare | The heavens are described as if they were a person. Alternate translation: “The heavens show” or “The heavens look like they declare” | ||
503 | PSA | 19 | 1 | iz5q | figs-personification | 0 | the skies make his handiwork known | The skies are described as if they were a teacher. Alternate translation: “The skies seem to make God’s handiwork known to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
504 | PSA | 19 | 1 | a8iy | 0 | his handiwork | “his creation” or “the world that he has made” | ||
505 | PSA | 19 | 2 | c72h | figs-personification | 0 | speech pours out | What is beautiful about creation is compared to speaking, as if creation were a person. Then those words are compared to water that flows everywhere. Alternate translation: “creation is like a person speaking to everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
506 | PSA | 19 | 3 | lmv7 | 0 | There is no speech or spoken words; their voice is not heard | These phrases express clearly that the first two verses were a metaphor. Alternate translation: “There is no real speech or spoken words; no one hears an actual voice with their ears” | ||
507 | PSA | 19 | 3 | pa4x | 0 | their voice is not heard | Other translations read “where their voice is not heard,” emphasizing that creation’s “speech” is available everywhere. | ||
508 | PSA | 19 | 4 | w3s6 | 0 | General Information: | David has just said that creation shows God’s glory. | ||
509 | PSA | 19 | 4 | c2us | 0 | their words…their speech | This refers to the unspoken “words” of creation that show God’s glory. | ||
510 | PSA | 19 | 4 | r4zj | figs-personification | 0 | their words go out | The words are described as if they were people who go out with a message. Alternate translation: “the words that creation speaks are like people who go out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
511 | PSA | 19 | 4 | kf9h | figs-ellipsis | 0 | their speech to the end of the world | The implied words can be included in the translation. Alternate translation: “their speech goes out to the end of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
512 | PSA | 19 | 4 | bdz7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | He has pitched a tent for the sun | Here the writer speaks of the place that Yahweh created for the sun as if it were a tent. Alternate translation: “He created a place for the sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
513 | PSA | 19 | 4 | n177 | 0 | among them | The word “them” probably refers to the heavens. | ||
514 | PSA | 19 | 5 | s244 | figs-simile | 0 | The sun is like a bridegroom coming out of his chamber | The writer speaks of the sun’s coming out as if it were a bridegroom. Alternate translation: “The sun is like a bridegroom walking joyfully toward his bride” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
515 | PSA | 19 | 5 | xes3 | figs-simile | 0 | like a strong man who rejoices when he runs his race | This compares the sun to an athlete to emphasize the strength and brightness of the sun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
516 | PSA | 19 | 5 | l7b8 | 0 | a strong man | “a fast runner” | ||
517 | PSA | 19 | 6 | tah2 | 0 | horizon | the line where the earth and the sky meet | ||
518 | PSA | 19 | 6 | wz8h | figs-explicit | 0 | to the other | Here “other” refers to the other horizon. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “to the other horizon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
519 | PSA | 19 | 6 | unx8 | figs-doublenegatives | 0 | nothing escapes its heat | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “everything feels its heat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
520 | PSA | 19 | 7 | z9pg | figs-synecdoche | 0 | restoring the soul | The words “the soul” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “making a person strong again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
521 | PSA | 19 | 7 | a789 | 0 | the simple | “those who have no experience” or “those who have not learned” | ||
522 | PSA | 19 | 8 | spr1 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the heart | These words refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
523 | PSA | 19 | 8 | nuk1 | 0 | are right | “are true” or “are correct” | ||
524 | PSA | 19 | 8 | t8c5 | 0 | bringing light to the eyes | Possible meanings are (1) “bringing understanding to a person” or (2) “making a person healthy again” | ||
525 | PSA | 19 | 9 | xac8 | 0 | altogether right | “completely right” | ||
526 | PSA | 19 | 10 | x983 | figs-metaphor | 0 | They are of greater value than gold…they are sweeter than honey | Yahweh’s decrees are spoken of as if they could be bought and tasted. Alternate translation: “If you could buy them, they would be of greater value than gold…if you could taste them, they would be sweeter than honey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
527 | PSA | 19 | 10 | e6s3 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | even more than much fine gold | The word “valuable” is understood from the previous phrase and can be repeated. Alternate translation: “even more valuable than a lot of fine gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
528 | PSA | 19 | 10 | k6x4 | 0 | fine gold | “pure gold” or “expensive gold” | ||
529 | PSA | 19 | 11 | y6a9 | 0 | Yes | This word marks that there is more to the truth than what has just been said. Alternate translation: “Moreover” | ||
530 | PSA | 19 | 11 | s1f4 | figs-activepassive | 0 | by them your servant is warned | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they warn your servant” or “they are a warning for your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
531 | PSA | 19 | 11 | e73b | 0 | by them…in obeying them | The word “them” refers to Yahweh’s righteous decrees. | ||
532 | PSA | 19 | 11 | nk1k | figs-123person | 0 | your servant is warned | David calls himself “your servant” when speaking to God as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “I am warned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
533 | PSA | 19 | 12 | uj5e | figs-rquestion | 0 | Who can discern all his own errors? | This appears in the form of a question to add emphasis and can be translated as a strong statement. Alternate translation: No one can be aware of his own errors!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
534 | PSA | 19 | 12 | gsx9 | 0 | from hidden faults | “from secret mistakes I have made” | ||
535 | PSA | 19 | 13 | j82u | figs-idiom | 0 | Keep your servant also from | This idiom pictures the servant as being removed from the sins he does not wish to commit. Alternate translation: “Also, protect your servant from doing” or “Also, make sure that I do not commit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
536 | PSA | 19 | 13 | z1tt | figs-123person | 0 | your servant | David calls himself “your servant” when speaking to God as a sign of respect. See how you translated this in Psalms 19:11. Alternate translation: “I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
537 | PSA | 19 | 13 | b3bd | figs-personification | 0 | let them not rule over me | Sins are described as if they were a king that could rule over someone. Alternate translation: “do not let my sins become like a king who rules over me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
538 | PSA | 19 | 13 | axe2 | 0 | innocent from many transgressions | “innocent of rebelling against you” or “innocent of committing many sins” | ||
539 | PSA | 19 | 14 | l16r | figs-metonymy | 0 | the words of my mouth and the thoughts of my heart | These expressions taken together describe everything a person says and thinks. Alternate translation: “the things I say and the things I think about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
540 | PSA | 19 | 14 | t28d | 0 | be acceptable in your sight | “receive approval in your sight” or “be pleasing to you” | ||
541 | PSA | 19 | 14 | bu1w | figs-metaphor | 0 | in your sight | Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
542 | PSA | 19 | 14 | vn8k | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh, my rock | The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock that one could climb and be protected from his enemies. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you are like my rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
543 | PSA | 20 | intro | h99t | 0 | Psalm 020 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 20 is a royal psalm. It is probably a prayer for the king, perhaps when he first became king. Special concepts in this chapterTrustTrusting God is much better than trusting in military might. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) | |||
544 | PSA | 20 | 1 | v6pl | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | This Psalm begins with a group of people speaking to the king of Israel. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
545 | PSA | 20 | 1 | h9gw | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
546 | PSA | 20 | 1 | vrb5 | 0 | help you | The word “you” in this Psalm is singular and refers to the king. | ||
547 | PSA | 20 | 1 | pt3b | 0 | in the day of trouble | “in times of trouble” or “when you are in trouble” | ||
548 | PSA | 20 | 1 | dp3k | figs-metonymy | 0 | may the name of the God of Jacob protect you | Possible meanings are (1) here “name” is a metonym for God’s power. Alternate translation: “may the power of the God of Jacob protect you” or “may the God of Jacob protect you by his power” or (2) here “name” is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: “may the God of Jacob protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
549 | PSA | 20 | 2 | b9ek | figs-metaphor | 0 | send help from the holy place | God helping from his holy place is spoken of as if God were sending help. Alternate translation: “may Yahweh help you from his holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
550 | PSA | 20 | 2 | y51h | figs-doublet | 0 | holy place…Zion | Both of these refer to God’s temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
551 | PSA | 20 | 3 | yz44 | figs-idiom | 0 | May he call to mind | The phrase “call to mind” is a way of saying “remember.” It does not mean God forgot. It means to consider or think about. Alternate translation: “May he remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
552 | PSA | 20 | 3 | kyh3 | 0 | May he | The word “he” refers to Yahweh. | ||
553 | PSA | 20 | 4 | r6y3 | 0 | May he grant | “May he give” | ||
554 | PSA | 20 | 4 | wht8 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | your heart’s desire | Here “heart” stands for the entire person. The abstract noun “desire” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “what you desire” or “what you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
555 | PSA | 20 | 4 | u619 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | fulfill all your plans | The abstract noun “plans” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “may he help you to accomplish everything that you plan to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
556 | PSA | 20 | 5 | h4h3 | figs-exclusive | 0 | we will rejoice in your victory | Here “we” refers to the people. They will rejoice in the king’s victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
557 | PSA | 20 | 5 | bw3j | figs-metonymy | 0 | in the name of our God | Here “name” represents honor or reputation. Alternate translation: “in honor of our God” or “for the reputation of our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
558 | PSA | 20 | 5 | p9n1 | translate-symaction | 0 | we will raise banners | “we will raise victory flags.” They would do this to show that they were praising God because he gave their king victory over his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
559 | PSA | 20 | 5 | k3dy | 0 | grant all your petitions | “give you everything you request from him” | ||
560 | PSA | 20 | 6 | zm9a | 0 | Now | This word is used here to mark a break in the psalm. It transitions from the people speaking to the king speaking. | ||
561 | PSA | 20 | 6 | nu7b | 0 | I know | The word “I” probably refers to the king who is speaking in this section. | ||
562 | PSA | 20 | 6 | d8xz | figs-123person | 0 | his anointed one…answer him…rescue him | The king is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “me, his anointed one…answer me…rescue me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
563 | PSA | 20 | 6 | bd3g | 0 | from his holy heaven | God dwells in heaven as well as in the temple in Jerusalem (Psalms 20:2). | ||
564 | PSA | 20 | 6 | xcm6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | with the strength of his right hand that can rescue him | God’s right hand represents his power. Alternate translation: “with his great strength he will rescue him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
565 | PSA | 20 | 7 | f9cd | figs-metonymy | 0 | Some trust in chariots and others in horses | Here “chariots” and “horses” represent a king’s army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
566 | PSA | 20 | 7 | xr24 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | others in horses | The word “trust” is understood. Alternate translation: “other trust in horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
567 | PSA | 20 | 7 | mwu6 | figs-inclusive | 0 | we call | Here “we” refers to the writer and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) | |
568 | PSA | 20 | 8 | e7uq | figs-inclusive | 0 | we will rise | Here “we” refers to the writer and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) | |
569 | PSA | 20 | 8 | q1tp | figs-activepassive | 0 | They will be brought down and fall | The word “They” refers to the people who trust in chariots and horses. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bring them down and make them fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
570 | PSA | 20 | 8 | g7uv | figs-doublet | 0 | brought down and fall | Both these verbs mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for losing in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
571 | PSA | 20 | 8 | y7lr | figs-doublet | 0 | we will rise and stand upright | “we will get up and stand up straight.” These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for victory in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
572 | PSA | 20 | 9 | c5i4 | 0 | Yahweh, rescue the king | Possible interpretations are (1) the people ask God to protect the king or (2) the king continues to speak about himself in the third person. | ||
573 | PSA | 20 | 9 | brk5 | 0 | the king; help us when we call | Some translations understand the Hebrew differently. Some translate it as the people speaking to Yahweh their king. Alternate translation: “King, help us when we call you” | ||
574 | PSA | 21 | intro | mq8x | 0 | Psalm 021 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 21 is a royal psalm. The king is praying for victory. Victory in war comes from the power and help from God. Special concepts in this chapterPronounsThere is a shift in pronouns in this psalm. In verses 1-6 the psalm addresses Yahweh in second person but in verse 7 the psalmist uses third person before moving back to second person in the latter part. | |||
575 | PSA | 21 | 1 | k12k | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
576 | PSA | 21 | 1 | h69b | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
577 | PSA | 21 | 1 | bt8s | 0 | in your strength, Yahweh | It is implied that this is strength Yahweh has given the king to defeat his enemies. Alternate translation: because you, Yahweh, have made him strong enough to defeat his enemies” | ||
578 | PSA | 21 | 1 | bka2 | 0 | How greatly he rejoices | “He rejoices greatly” | ||
579 | PSA | 21 | 1 | r5nd | figs-explicit | 0 | in the salvation you provide | It is implied that God has saved the king from his enemies. The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because you have saved him from his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
580 | PSA | 21 | 2 | cey2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | his heart’s desire | “his heart’s wish.” Here “heart” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “his desire” or “what he wished for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
581 | PSA | 21 | 2 | gez6 | figs-doublenegatives | 0 | have not held back | “have not refused him.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you have given him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
582 | PSA | 21 | 2 | f8dh | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the request of his lips | Here “lips” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “his request” or “what he requested of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
583 | PSA | 21 | 3 | q3ts | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | you bring him rich blessings | The abstract noun “blessings” can be stated as “bless” or “good things.” Alternate translation: “you bless him greatly” or “you give him many good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
584 | PSA | 21 | 3 | px6p | translate-symaction | 0 | you placed on his head a crown of purest gold | To place a crown on a person’s head is a symbol of making him a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
585 | PSA | 21 | 3 | za3g | 0 | a crown of purest gold | Here “purest gold” represents the great honor given to the king. | ||
586 | PSA | 21 | 4 | yzs5 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | He asked you for life; you gave it to him | The abstract noun “life” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “He asked that you cause him to live for a long time; you caused it to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
587 | PSA | 21 | 4 | y4ml | figs-idiom | 0 | the length of his days forever and ever | The idiom “the length of his days” refers to the duration of his life. Alternate translation: “a long life that lasts forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
588 | PSA | 21 | 5 | i6i4 | 0 | His glory | “The king’s honor” or “The king’s fame” | ||
589 | PSA | 21 | 5 | k3gt | figs-metaphor | 0 | you have bestowed on him splendor and majesty | “you have placed on him splendor and majesty.” Causing the king to be wealthy and powerful is spoken of as if splendor and majesty are objects that are placed on him. Alternate translation: “you have made him wealthy and powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
590 | PSA | 21 | 6 | w2zk | 0 | you grant him | “you allow him to have” or “you agree to give him” | ||
591 | PSA | 21 | 6 | rf4f | 0 | lasting blessings | “a blessings that will last” or “a blessings that will stay” | ||
592 | PSA | 21 | 6 | v3m2 | 0 | the joy of your presence | “the joy of being in your presence” or “the joy that comes from you being near to you” | ||
593 | PSA | 21 | 7 | mbf3 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | through the covenant faithfulness of the Most High | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “because the Most High is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
594 | PSA | 21 | 7 | j1gh | figs-activepassive | 0 | he will not be moved | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will remove him as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
595 | PSA | 21 | 8 | w7ck | figs-metonymy | 0 | Your hand will seize | Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “Your power will seize” or “You will powerfully seize” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
596 | PSA | 21 | 8 | irz4 | 0 | Your hand…hate you | Possible meaning of all occurrences of “your” and “you” are (1) they refer to the king or (2) they refer to God. | ||
597 | PSA | 21 | 8 | yew7 | figs-parallelism | 0 | your right hand will seize those who hate you | This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. It emphasizes that God will give the king the power to stop his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
598 | PSA | 21 | 9 | lmc9 | 0 | At the time of your anger | “When you are angry and begin to act” | ||
599 | PSA | 21 | 9 | hhy3 | 0 | your anger…you will burn | The words “your” and “you” refers to either (1) God or (2) the king. | ||
600 | PSA | 21 | 9 | xdq2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you will burn them up as in a fiery furnace | Yahweh or the king destroying their enemies is spoken of as if their enemies are wood and Yahweh or the king will throw them into a furnace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
601 | PSA | 21 | 9 | fc6d | figs-parallelism | 0 | Yahweh will consume them in his wrath, and the fire will devour them | Both clauses mean basically the same thing. Yahweh completely destroying his enemies is spoken of as if his wrath is a fire that completely burns up his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
602 | PSA | 21 | 10 | wsu5 | 0 | You will destroy | The word “you” refers to either (1) God or (2) the king. | ||
603 | PSA | 21 | 10 | i3zy | figs-parallelism | 0 | from the earth…from among the human race | Both phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that absolutely none of their enemies will survive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
604 | PSA | 21 | 11 | fhu8 | 0 | they intended | “they planned.” The word “they” refers to the enemies of God and the king. | ||
605 | PSA | 21 | 11 | z63c | 0 | evil against you | “to do evil things to you” | ||
606 | PSA | 21 | 11 | h29d | 0 | they conceived a plot | “they made a plan” or “they created a scheme” | ||
607 | PSA | 21 | 12 | bsd1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | For you will turn them back; you will draw your bow before them | Possible meanings for “you” and “your” are (1) they refer to the king or (2) they refer to God and speak about him as if he were a warrior with a bow and arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
608 | PSA | 21 | 12 | ti25 | figs-idiom | 0 | you will turn them back | This is a way of saying that God and the king will defeat their enemies in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
609 | PSA | 21 | 12 | ge87 | figs-explicit | 0 | you will draw your bow before them | This implies that he actually shoots his arrows at his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
610 | PSA | 21 | 13 | aul7 | 0 | Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength | Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh, show us that you are very strong” or (2) “Yahweh, because you are strong we will exalt you” | ||
611 | PSA | 21 | 13 | w52b | figs-doublet | 0 | we will sing and praise your power | The words “sing” and “praise” share similar meanings. Here the word “power” represents God and his power. Alternate translation: “with singing we will praise you because you are powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
612 | PSA | 22 | intro | y7hl | 0 | Psalm 022 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 22 is a messianic psalm. It contains references to events during the crucifixion of Christ. It is also a psalm of individual lament and praise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/crucify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) Special concepts in this chapterMessiahChrist was despised and taunted by his enemies; but finally people all over the earth will bow down to him. New Testament usageThis psalm is quoted in different places in the New Testament. Verse 1a is cited in Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34 as the words of Christ on the cross. Many of the events in the narratives of the crucifixion are mentioned in this psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]]) | |||
613 | PSA | 22 | 1 | lw3l | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
614 | PSA | 22 | 1 | k951 | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
615 | PSA | 22 | 1 | ux16 | 0 | The rhythm of the deer | This may refer to a style of music. | ||
616 | PSA | 22 | 1 | smt9 | 0 | My God, my God | The writer repeats “My God” to emphasize that he is desperate for God to hear him. | ||
617 | PSA | 22 | 1 | a733 | figs-rquestion | 0 | my God, why have you abandoned me? | The writer uses a question to emphasize that he feels like God has abandoned him. It may be best to leave this as a question. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “my God, I feel like you have abandoned me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
618 | PSA | 22 | 1 | z48u | 0 | you abandoned me | “you left me all alone” | ||
619 | PSA | 22 | 1 | fnk8 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Why are you so far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish? | Again the writer uses a question to emphasize that he feels like God is far away from him. It may be best to leave this as a question. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
620 | PSA | 22 | 1 | y7ec | figs-metaphor | 0 | far from the words of my anguish | The writer feeling like God is not listening to him is spoken of as if God were far from his words of anguish. Alternate translation: “why do you not listen when I speak to you about the anguish I feel” or “I have told you about my suffering but you do not come to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
621 | PSA | 22 | 2 | dzu2 | figs-merism | 0 | in the daytime…at night | The writer uses the words “daytime” and “night” to mean he prays to God all the time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
622 | PSA | 22 | 2 | j5c4 | figs-litotes | 0 | I am not silent | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I still speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
623 | PSA | 22 | 3 | zle3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you sit as king with the praises of Israel | “the praises of Israel are the throne on which you sit as king.” The praises of Israel are described as if they are a throne upon which God can sit and rule, or as a house in which God can live. Alternate translation: “you are king and the people of Israel praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
624 | PSA | 22 | 3 | viy1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | of Israel | Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
625 | PSA | 22 | 5 | u4pd | figs-activepassive | 0 | were not disappointed | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you did not disappoint them” or “you did not fail them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
626 | PSA | 22 | 5 | vjq8 | figs-doublenegatives | 0 | were not disappointed | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you saved them” or “you did for them what they needed you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
627 | PSA | 22 | 6 | m3yz | figs-metaphor | 0 | I am a worm and not a man | The writer speaks of himself as if he were a worm. This emphasizes that he feels worthless or that the people treat him as if he were worthless. Alternate translation: “But it is like I am a worm and not a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
628 | PSA | 22 | 6 | xml4 | figs-parallelism | 0 | disgrace to humanity and despised by the people | Both of these phrase mean basically the same thing. The phrase “despised by the people” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone thinks I am worthless and the people hate me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
629 | PSA | 22 | 7 | gq6v | figs-parallelism | 0 | taunt me; they mock me; they shake their heads at me | These three phrases share similar meanings and emphasize how much people disrespect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
630 | PSA | 22 | 7 | nu8j | translate-symaction | 0 | they shake their heads at me | This describes an action used to mock someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
631 | PSA | 22 | 8 | v7ta | figs-irony | 0 | He trusts in Yahweh…delights in him | The people are saying this to mock the writer. They do not really believe Yahweh will rescue him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) | |
632 | PSA | 22 | 8 | ip8x | 0 | Let him rescue him | “Let Yahweh rescue him” | ||
633 | PSA | 22 | 8 | h2ys | 0 | for he delights in him | Possible meanings are (1) “for Yahweh delights in him” or (2) “for he delights in Yahweh” | ||
634 | PSA | 22 | 9 | lz9a | figs-explicit | 0 | For you | The writer uses the word “For” to begin explaining why he is confused and asking God why he is not coming to help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
635 | PSA | 22 | 9 | g6i1 | figs-idiom | 0 | you brought me from the womb | This is a way of saying “you caused me to be born.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
636 | PSA | 22 | 9 | h37n | figs-idiom | 0 | when I was on my mother’s breasts | This means that he has been trusting in Yahweh since he was very young. Alternate translation: “even from the time that I drank milk from my mother’s breasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
637 | PSA | 22 | 10 | ua28 | figs-idiom | 0 | I have been thrown on you from the womb | The phrase “have been thrown on” is a way of saying that Yahweh has taken care of him as if Yahweh had adopted him as his own child. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “It was as though you had adopted me right when I was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
638 | PSA | 22 | 10 | qi4n | figs-explicit | 0 | you are my God | This implies that Yahweh has always taken care of the writer. Alternate translation: “you, God, have taken care of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
639 | PSA | 22 | 10 | bd6c | 0 | since I was in my mother’s womb | “since before I was born” | ||
640 | PSA | 22 | 11 | tz1y | figs-litotes | 0 | Do not be far away from me | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Come close to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
641 | PSA | 22 | 11 | mc7w | figs-metaphor | 0 | for trouble is near | The writer speaks about “trouble” as if it were an object that is near him. Alternate translation: “for my enemies are near me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
642 | PSA | 22 | 11 | sub2 | 0 | there is no one to help | “there is no helper” | ||
643 | PSA | 22 | 12 | e14p | figs-metaphor | 0 | Many bulls surround me; strong bulls of Bashan surround me | The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were bulls. This emphasizes how dangerous and powerful his enemies are. Alternate translation: “I have many enemies and they are like bulls that surround me; they are like strong bulls from Bashan that surround me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
644 | PSA | 22 | 13 | tfu9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | They open their mouths wide against me | The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions with the mouths open ready to eat him. His enemies may be speaking lies to discredit him. Or they may be threatening him and attacking him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
645 | PSA | 22 | 13 | qv8i | figs-simile | 0 | like a roaring lion ripping its victim | The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions. This emphasizes how powerful and dangerous his enemies are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
646 | PSA | 22 | 14 | q64m | figs-activepassive | 0 | I am being poured out like water | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “It is like someone is pouring me out like water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
647 | PSA | 22 | 14 | d2h5 | figs-simile | 0 | I am being poured out like water | The writer speaks about feeling completely exhausted and weak as if he were water being poured out of a jar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
648 | PSA | 22 | 14 | pjf3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | all my bones are dislocated | “all my bones are out of place.” It is possible the writer is in some kind of physical pain. Or he may be speaking of his emotional pain as if it were physical pain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
649 | PSA | 22 | 14 | ws5l | figs-simile | 0 | My heart is like wax…inner parts | The writer speaks about no longer having courage as if his heart melted like wax. Here “heart” represents “courage.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
650 | PSA | 22 | 14 | y32r | 0 | wax | a soft substance that melts at a relatively low temperature | ||
651 | PSA | 22 | 14 | k6ki | 0 | within my inner parts | “inside of me” | ||
652 | PSA | 22 | 15 | fpb6 | figs-simile | 0 | My strength has dried up like a piece of pottery | The writer speaks about feeling weak as if his strength were like a dry piece of pottery that can easily break. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
653 | PSA | 22 | 15 | w7be | 0 | piece of pottery | an object made of baked clay that can be used in the house | ||
654 | PSA | 22 | 15 | g95x | figs-metaphor | 0 | my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth | “my tongue sticks to the top of my mouth.” The writer may be describing his extreme thirst. Or he may be continuing to speak about being weak as if he were completely dry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
655 | PSA | 22 | 15 | z793 | figs-metaphor | 0 | You have laid me in the dust of death | Possible meanings for “dust of death” are (1) it refers to a person turning to dust after they die. Alternate translation: “You are about to let me die and become dust” or (2) it is a way of speaking about the grave, which would mean God is causing the writer to die. Alternate translation: “You have laid me in my grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
656 | PSA | 22 | 15 | m487 | figs-you | 0 | You have laid me | The “you” is singular and refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
657 | PSA | 22 | 16 | un7f | figs-metaphor | 0 | dogs have surrounded me | The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs. His enemies are coming close to him like wild dogs do to a dying animal. Alternate translation: “my enemies are like dogs that have surrounded me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
658 | PSA | 22 | 16 | np5i | 0 | a company of evildoers | “a group of evildoers” or “a gang of evildoers” | ||
659 | PSA | 22 | 16 | i2n1 | 0 | encircled | stood in a circle | ||
660 | PSA | 22 | 16 | x42c | figs-metaphor | 0 | they have pierced my hands and my feet | This continues the dog metaphor. The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs that are biting and piercing his hands and feet with their teeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
661 | PSA | 22 | 16 | ai5d | 0 | pierced | stabbed through something with a sharp object | ||
662 | PSA | 22 | 17 | est5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I can count all my bones | Possible meanings are (1) the writer is so thin that he can see his bones. Alternate translation: “I can see all of my bones” or “I can feel each of my bones” or (2) this continues the dog metaphor and the writer can see his bones after the dogs have ripped his flesh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
663 | PSA | 22 | 17 | ce23 | figs-doublet | 0 | look and stare at me | The words “look” and “stare” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people look at him awkwardly and make fun of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
664 | PSA | 22 | 18 | fb7u | 0 | my garments | “my clothes” | ||
665 | PSA | 22 | 19 | v12t | figs-litotes | 0 | Do not be far away | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Be very close” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
666 | PSA | 22 | 19 | y71k | figs-metonymy | 0 | my strength | Here “strength” represents Yahweh who gives him strength. Alternate translation: “you who give me strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
667 | PSA | 22 | 20 | ly82 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Rescue my soul | Here “soul” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Rescue me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
668 | PSA | 22 | 20 | a8wk | figs-metonymy | 0 | the sword | The sword is a common way of referring to a violent enemy. Alternate translation: “those who want to kill me” or “my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
669 | PSA | 22 | 20 | li5b | 0 | my only life | “my precious life” or “the only life I have” | ||
670 | PSA | 22 | 20 | a1qv | figs-metaphor | 0 | claws of wild dogs | The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the claws stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes this part of the animal because it is what the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
671 | PSA | 22 | 20 | h8vu | 0 | wild dogs | The word “wild” here means that no one has captured and tamed the animal. | ||
672 | PSA | 22 | 21 | vl96 | figs-metaphor | 0 | lion’s mouth…horns of the wild oxen | The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions and wild oxen to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the mouth and horns stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes these parts of the animals because they are what the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
673 | PSA | 22 | 21 | wgw6 | 0 | wild oxen | The word “wild” here means that no one has captured and tamed the animal. | ||
674 | PSA | 22 | 22 | vq9v | figs-metonymy | 0 | I will declare your name | “I will make known your name.” Here “name” stands for God’s character or reputation. Alternate translation: “I will talk about your character” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
675 | PSA | 22 | 22 | k6ii | 0 | my brothers | Here “brothers” means “my fellow Israelites” or “my fellow worshipers of Yahweh” | ||
676 | PSA | 22 | 22 | t5p8 | 0 | in the midst of the assembly | “when my fellow Israelites and I gather together” or “when I am surrounded by my fellow worshipers of Yahweh” | ||
677 | PSA | 22 | 23 | wl3v | figs-you | 0 | You who fear | Here “You” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
678 | PSA | 22 | 23 | yc8l | figs-parallelism | 0 | you descendants of Jacob…you descendants of Israel | Both of these refer to the same group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
679 | PSA | 22 | 23 | rs9u | 0 | Stand in awe of him | “Be full of awe for him” or “Let God’s power amaze you” | ||
680 | PSA | 22 | 24 | t6pw | 0 | he has not despised or abhorred the suffering of the afflicted one | Possible meanings are (1) he has not despised the afflicted one because he is suffering or (2) he has not belittled the suffering of the afflicted one | ||
681 | PSA | 22 | 24 | q54x | figs-doublet | 0 | despised or abhorred | These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that God has not forgotten the one who is afflicted and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
682 | PSA | 22 | 24 | w7tf | 0 | despised | strongly disliked or hated | ||
683 | PSA | 22 | 24 | h5t5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | he has not…abhorred the suffering of the afflicted one | Here, suffering is a metonym for the person who suffers. To abhor something is to think of it as horrible. Alternate translation: “he has not…thought of the afflicted one who suffers as horrible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
684 | PSA | 22 | 24 | y2dq | figs-genericnoun | 0 | the suffering of the afflicted one…from him…the afflicted one cried | Possible meanings are (1) the author was speaking about how God treats people who are suffering. Alternate translation: “those who suffer…from them…those who are suffering cried” or (2) the author was speaking specifically about how God treated him. Alternate translation: “my suffering because of my affliction…from me…I cried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
685 | PSA | 22 | 24 | r4zy | figs-metaphor | 0 | has not hidden his face from him | Hiding one’s face from someone represents ignoring him. Alternate translation: “has not turned his attention away from him” or “has not ignored him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
686 | PSA | 22 | 24 | fci1 | figs-explicit | 0 | he heard | “he listened.” It is implied that he responded when he heard their cry. Alternate translation: “he answered” or “he helped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
687 | PSA | 22 | 25 | q298 | figs-you | 0 | because of you | Here “you” refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
688 | PSA | 22 | 25 | w4ny | figs-explicit | 0 | I will fulfill my vows | This refers to sacrifices the writer promised to offer to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
689 | PSA | 22 | 25 | zq18 | figs-123person | 0 | before those who fear him | Here “him” refers to Yahweh. It can be stated as “you.” Alternate translation: “in the presence of those who fear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
690 | PSA | 22 | 26 | fhl9 | figs-explicit | 0 | The oppressed will eat and be satisfied | This refers to the fellowship meal which occurs after the writer offers to God the sacrifices that he promised. He will invite those who were suffering to eat a part of the animal he sacrificed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
691 | PSA | 22 | 26 | jvb2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | those who seek Yahweh | Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
692 | PSA | 22 | 26 | x7ys | figs-synecdoche | 0 | May your hearts live forever | Here “hearts” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “May you live forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
693 | PSA | 22 | 26 | lv3f | figs-you | 0 | May your hearts | Here “your” is plural and refers to the oppressed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
694 | PSA | 22 | 27 | sti4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | will remember and turn to Yahweh | Starting to obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the people physically turn toward Yahweh. Alternate translation: “will remember Yahweh and obey him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
695 | PSA | 22 | 27 | s5k2 | figs-parallelism | 0 | all the families of the nations will bow down before you | This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. The writer is emphasizing that everyone from every place will worship and obey Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
696 | PSA | 22 | 27 | ves3 | translate-symaction | 0 | will bow down before you | This is a sign of giving honor and respect to someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
697 | PSA | 22 | 27 | n554 | figs-you | 0 | before you | Here “you” refers to Yahweh. It can be translated in the third person to match the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
698 | PSA | 22 | 28 | yp9r | figs-metonymy | 0 | For the kingdom is Yahweh’s | “For the kingdom belongs to Yahweh.” Here “kingdom” represents God’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
699 | PSA | 22 | 28 | y3zn | figs-metonymy | 0 | he is the ruler over the nations | Here “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “he rules the people of the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
700 | PSA | 22 | 29 | pb3y | 0 | will feast | The people will eat together at the feast. Alternate translation: “will eat together” or “will eat a festive meal together” | ||
701 | PSA | 22 | 29 | b7d2 | figs-parallelism | 0 | all those who are descending into the dust…those who cannot preserve their own lives | Both phrases refers to the same group. They both refer to all people because all people will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
702 | PSA | 22 | 29 | fkt1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | those who are descending into the dust | Here “dust” represents the grave. The phrase “descending into the dust” is a way of referring to someone dying. Alternate translation: “those who are dying” or “those who die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
703 | PSA | 22 | 29 | wbb7 | 0 | those who cannot preserve their own lives | “those who cannot save their own lives” or “those who cannot keep themselves from dying” | ||
704 | PSA | 22 | 30 | tak2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | A generation to come | Here “A generation” represents the people of a generation. The phrase “to come” speaks about a future time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. Alternate translation: “People in the future generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
705 | PSA | 22 | 30 | l73k | figs-metonymy | 0 | the next generation | Here “generation” represents the people of that generation. Alternate translation: “the people of the next generation” or “their children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
706 | PSA | 22 | 30 | j95t | 0 | of the Lord | “about the Lord” or “about what the Lord has done” | ||
707 | PSA | 22 | 31 | lt28 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | tell of his righteousness | The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “tell of the righteous things he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
708 | PSA | 23 | intro | r1f6 | 0 | Psalm 023 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 23 is a psalm of praise to God for his continued care and protection. The psalmist praises God for always being with him and for caring for him. Important figures of speech in this chapterMetaphorPsalm 23 is an extended metaphor speaking of God as if he were a shepherd, and of the psalmist as if he were a sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |||
709 | PSA | 23 | 1 | h1x8 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | In much of this psalm, David writes as if he were a sheep and the Lord were his shepherd. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) | |
710 | PSA | 23 | 1 | t39n | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh is my shepherd | The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. This emphasizes how God cares for people as a shepherd cares for his sheep. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is like a shepherd to me” or “Yahweh cares for me as a shepherd cares for his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
711 | PSA | 23 | 1 | gb7q | figs-litotes | 0 | I will lack nothing | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I have everything that I need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
712 | PSA | 23 | 2 | ez87 | figs-metaphor | 0 | He makes me to lie down in green pastures | The writer speaks about himself as if he were a sheep, and he speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: He gives me rest like a shepherd who leads his sheep to lie down in green pastures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
713 | PSA | 23 | 2 | p2p4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he leads me beside tranquil water | The writer speaks about himself as if he were a sheep, and he speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: “he provides what I need like a shepherd who leads his sheep beside tranquil water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
714 | PSA | 23 | 2 | l7sx | 0 | tranquil water | “calm water” or “water that flows gently.” This water is safe to drink. | ||
715 | PSA | 23 | 3 | jdm7 | figs-exmetaphor | 0 | General Information: | This psalm continues to tell about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) | |
716 | PSA | 23 | 3 | ic3m | 0 | He brings back my life | This means God makes a person who is weak and tired to be strong and rested again. | ||
717 | PSA | 23 | 3 | nx5d | figs-metaphor | 0 | he guides me along right paths | Showing a person how to live in a way that pleases God is spoken of as if it were a shepherd showing a sheep the right path to take. Alternate translation: “He shows me how to live right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
718 | PSA | 23 | 3 | ta7y | figs-metonymy | 0 | for his name’s sake | The phrase “his name” here refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “for his reputation” or “so that people will honor him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
719 | PSA | 23 | 4 | a7b6 | figs-exmetaphor | 0 | General Information: | This psalm continues to tell about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) | |
720 | PSA | 23 | 4 | fi66 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Even though I walk through a valley of darkest shadow | The writer describes a person experiencing terrible trouble as if he were a sheep walking through a dark and dangerous valley. There a sheep could get lost or attacked by a wild animal. Alternate translation: “Though my life is like walking through a dark and dangerous valley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
721 | PSA | 23 | 4 | me3c | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | I will not fear harm | The abstract noun “harm” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will not be afraid of something harming me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
722 | PSA | 23 | 4 | hqa2 | figs-you | 0 | you are with me | Here “you” refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
723 | PSA | 23 | 4 | yre6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | your rod and your staff comfort me | The rod and staff represent protection because shepherds use them to protect their sheep from danger. Alternate translation: “I am not afraid because you protect me like a shepherd who protects his sheep with his rod and staff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
724 | PSA | 23 | 5 | ksk5 | figs-exmetaphor | 0 | General Information: | Now the writer tells how God is like someone who welcomes a guest into his home and protects him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) | |
725 | PSA | 23 | 5 | nqn4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | You prepare a table | A table represents a feast because people would put all the food on a table. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
726 | PSA | 23 | 5 | b3bs | 0 | in the presence of my enemies | The meaning here is that the writer is not worried about his enemies because he is an honored guest of the Lord and therefore protected from harm. Alternate translation: “despite the presence of my enemies” | ||
727 | PSA | 23 | 5 | hh1r | 0 | anointed my head with oil | People sometimes put oil on their guests’ heads in order to honor them. | ||
728 | PSA | 23 | 5 | w1iw | figs-idiom | 0 | my cup runs over | Here a cup of wine that overflows represents many blessings. Alternate translation: “You fill my cup so much that it overflows” or “You give me many blessings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
729 | PSA | 23 | 6 | y8zc | figs-metaphor | 0 | Surely goodness and covenant faithfulness will pursue me | Yahweh being good and faithful to a person is spoken of as if goodness and covenant faithfulness are things that pursue after a person. The abstract nouns “goodness” and “faithfulness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “Surely you will be good and faithful to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
730 | PSA | 23 | 6 | ep2g | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | all the days of my life | The abstract noun “life” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “as long as I live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
731 | PSA | 23 | 6 | u2bl | 0 | the house of Yahweh | Possible meanings are that (1) this refers to Yahweh’s eternal home, or (2) this refers to Yahweh’s temple in Jerusalem. If possible, translate it so that both meanings could be understood. | ||
732 | PSA | 23 | 6 | u53m | figs-idiom | 0 | for the length of my days | This idiom refers to the duration of his life. Alternate translation: “as long as I live” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
733 | PSA | 24 | intro | cw5j | 0 | Psalm 024 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 24 is a psalm of praise to God as the almighty God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/almighty]]) Special concepts in this chapterRighteous peopleOnly the righteous come to worship God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) Important figures of speech in this chapterRhetorical QuestionsThe psalmists uses several rhetorical questions. Each question forms a unit with a response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |||
734 | PSA | 24 | 1 | nne9 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
735 | PSA | 24 | 1 | hma5 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | its fullness | The abstract noun “fullness” can be stated with the verb “fills.” Alternate translation: “everything that fills it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
736 | PSA | 24 | 2 | v6lt | figs-parallelism | 0 | For he has founded it upon the seas and established it on the rivers | Here “founded it upon the seas” and “established it on the rivers” mean basically the same thing. The Hebrews of that time believed their land was supported by the oceans and deep underground rivers. Alternate translation: For he formed its foundation on the seas and built it on the deep waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
737 | PSA | 24 | 2 | d2bq | 0 | the seas…the rivers | These phrases are used together to refer to the huge deep ocean below the earth. | ||
738 | PSA | 24 | 2 | h6kl | 0 | on the rivers | “the water that is deep below” | ||
739 | PSA | 24 | 3 | e3ya | figs-parallelism | 0 | Who will ascend the mountain…in his holy place? | Both of these questions mean basically the same thing. The speaker is asking about who is allowed to go and worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
740 | PSA | 24 | 3 | bda3 | 0 | will ascend | “will go up” or “will climb” | ||
741 | PSA | 24 | 3 | mz8v | 0 | the mountain of Yahweh | This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem. | ||
742 | PSA | 24 | 3 | vj27 | 0 | his holy place | This refers Yahweh’s temple. His temple is on Mount Zion in Jerusalem. | ||
743 | PSA | 24 | 4 | g1lm | figs-genericnoun | 0 | He who has…who has…and has not | Here “He” does not refer to a specific person. Alternate translation: “Those who have…who have…and have not” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
744 | PSA | 24 | 4 | vsk8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | who has clean hands | The word “hands” represents what a person does. For his “hands” to be clean means he does what is right. Alternate translation: “who does what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
745 | PSA | 24 | 4 | ikc9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | a pure heart | Here “heart” represents a person’s thoughts or motives. Alternate translation: “thinks good thoughts” or “does not think about doing what is wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
746 | PSA | 24 | 4 | u76e | figs-metonymy | 0 | who has not lifted up a falsehood | Here “falsehood” represents a false idol. To “lift up” means to worship. Alternate translation: “who has not worshiped an idol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
747 | PSA | 24 | 5 | z3wj | figs-genericnoun | 0 | He will receive a blessing from Yahweh | The word “he” does not refer to a specific person. It refers to the ones with pure hearts mentioned in previous verse. The abstract noun “blessing” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
748 | PSA | 24 | 5 | bc4f | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | righteousness from the God of his salvation | The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as “righteously.” And, “salvation” can be stated as “save.” Alternate translation: “God will deal righteously with him and save him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
749 | PSA | 24 | 6 | n5aj | figs-metonymy | 0 | Such is the generation of those who seek him | Here “generation” represents people in general. Alternate translation: “The people who seek him are like this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
750 | PSA | 24 | 6 | h9nq | figs-parallelism | 0 | those who seek him, those who seek the face of the God of Jacob | Both statements mean the same thing. They both refer to those who go to the temple to worship God. Alternate translation: “the ones who approach God, they are the ones who may worship God, the one we Israelites worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
751 | PSA | 24 | 6 | fbc7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | those who seek him | Going to the temple to worship Yahweh is spoken of as if the person is literally seeking to find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
752 | PSA | 24 | 6 | tsi7 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the face of the God of Jacob | Here “face” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “the God of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
753 | PSA | 24 | 7 | yi4r | figs-parallelism | 0 | Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors | The two phases are very similar in meaning. The words “gates” and “doors” refer to the gates of the temple. The writer is speaking to the gates as if they were a person. A gatekeeper would be the one to open the gates. Alternate translation: “Open up, you ancient gates” or “Open these ancient gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
754 | PSA | 24 | 7 | z61a | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Lift up your heads | It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the “head.” But, it stands for the gate as a whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
755 | PSA | 24 | 8 | bp2e | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh, strong and mighty; Yahweh, mighty in battle | The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a mighty warrior who fights in battles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
756 | PSA | 24 | 9 | hl69 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors | The two phases are very similar in meaning. The words “gates” and “doors” refer to the gates of the temple. The writer is speaking to the gates as if they were a person. A gatekeeper would be the one to open the gates. See how you translated this in Psalms 24:7. Alternate translation: “Open up, you ancient gates” or “Open these ancient gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
757 | PSA | 24 | 9 | fk49 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Lift up your heads | It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the “head.” But, it stands for the gate as a whole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
758 | PSA | 25 | intro | utp4 | 0 | Psalm 025 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 25 is a prayer for God’s help. Special concepts in this chapterThe humbleGod is very good to humble people who seek to obey him. | |||
759 | PSA | 25 | 1 | sq2m | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
760 | PSA | 25 | 1 | z3ls | figs-metaphor | 0 | I lift up my life | The phrase “lift up my life” is a metaphor. Possible meanings are (1) the writer is giving himself to Yahweh, which means he is completely depending on Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I give myself to you” or (2) he is offering prayer and adoration to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I worship and adore you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
761 | PSA | 25 | 2 | m2b6 | figs-activepassive | 0 | Do not let me be humiliated | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemies humiliate me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
762 | PSA | 25 | 2 | ff1t | figs-idiom | 0 | rejoice triumphantly over me | “rejoice in triumph over me.” The phrase “over me” implies that his enemies have defeated him and stand above in victory. Alternate translation: “defeat me and rejoice about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
763 | PSA | 25 | 3 | jw7y | figs-explicit | 0 | May no one who hopes in you be disgraced | “Do not let those who hope in you be disgraced.” Disgrace could come from being defeated by their enemies. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let enemies defeat those who hope in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
764 | PSA | 25 | 3 | haz8 | 0 | who hopes in you | “who trusts you” | ||
765 | PSA | 25 | 3 | r1zd | 0 | act treacherously | “act deceitfully” or “act with trickery” | ||
766 | PSA | 25 | 3 | le6f | 0 | without cause | “without a reason” | ||
767 | PSA | 25 | 4 | a1rg | figs-parallelism | 0 | Make known to me your ways, Yahweh; teach me your paths | Both statements mean the same thing. God teaching a person how they should behave is spoken of as if he were showing a person the correct path on which a person should travel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
768 | PSA | 25 | 5 | ji5y | 0 | I hope in you | “I depend on you” or “I wait patiently for you” | ||
769 | PSA | 25 | 5 | t3bw | figs-doublet | 0 | Guide me into your truth and teach me | Guide and teach mean the same thing, to give instruction. Alternate translation: “Instruct me to conduct my life by obeying your truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
770 | PSA | 25 | 5 | zz1y | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the God of my salvation | The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as “saves.” Alternate translation: “the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
771 | PSA | 25 | 6 | f922 | figs-idiom | 0 | Call to mind | This is an idiom. This does not mean God forgot something. The writer is asking God to think about and consider his acts of compassion and faithfulness. Alternate translation: “Remember” or “Think about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
772 | PSA | 25 | 6 | uw7b | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | your acts of compassion and of covenant faithfulness | The abstract nouns “compassion” and “faithfulness” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “how you have been compassionate and faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
773 | PSA | 25 | 6 | y7a2 | figs-personification | 0 | for they have always existed | Here “they” personifies God’s compassion and covenant faithfulness. Alternate translation: “for that is how you have always been” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
774 | PSA | 25 | 7 | ym66 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Do not think about the sins of my youth | The abstract noun “sins” can be stated as “sinned.” Alternate translation: “Do not think about how I sinned against you when I was young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
775 | PSA | 25 | 7 | ayg8 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | or my rebelliousness | The abstract noun “rebelliousness” can be stated as “rebelled.” Alternate translation: or about how I have rebelled against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
776 | PSA | 25 | 7 | rmx6 | figs-idiom | 0 | Call me to mind | This is an idiom. This does not mean God forgot something. The writer is asking God to think about him. Alternate translation: “Remember me” or “Think about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
777 | PSA | 25 | 7 | dzp2 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | with covenant faithfulness because of your goodness | The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “goodness” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “and be faithful to me because of your covenant, because you are good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
778 | PSA | 25 | 8 | fe3c | figs-metaphor | 0 | the way | How God wants a person to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which a person travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
779 | PSA | 25 | 9 | sd77 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the humble | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “humble people” or “those who are humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
780 | PSA | 25 | 9 | g5rh | figs-metaphor | 0 | his way | How God wants a person to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which a person travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
781 | PSA | 25 | 10 | y1ce | figs-metaphor | 0 | All the paths of Yahweh are steadfast love and faithfulness | The word “paths” is a metaphor for ways. Alternate translation: “Yahweh always loves us because of his covenant and he is always trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
782 | PSA | 25 | 11 | i29u | figs-metonymy | 0 | For your name’s sake | The phrase “your name” here refers to Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “For your reputation” or “So that people will honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
783 | PSA | 25 | 11 | zdw5 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | pardon my sin, for it is great | The abstract noun “sin” can be stated as “sinned.” Alternate translation: “please forgive me, for I have sinned much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
784 | PSA | 25 | 12 | uen3 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Who is the man who fears Yahweh? | This question introduces “the man who fears Yahweh” as a new topic. Alternate translation: “I will tell you about the man who fears Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
785 | PSA | 25 | 12 | r5gg | figs-genericnoun | 0 | is the man who fears…instruct him…he should | These words refer to any person who fears Yahweh, not a specific person. Alternate translation: “are those who fear…instruct them…they should” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
786 | PSA | 25 | 12 | e57l | figs-metaphor | 0 | The Lord will instruct him in the way that he should choose | Yahweh teaching people how they should behave is spoken of as if Yahweh were teaching the people what way or path they should travel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
787 | PSA | 25 | 13 | vwm7 | figs-genericnoun | 0 | His life…his descendants | These words refer to any person who fears Yahweh, not a specific person. Alternate translation: “Their lives…their descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
788 | PSA | 25 | 13 | f8pb | 0 | His life will go along in goodness | “God will cause him to prosper” or “God will cause them to prosper” | ||
789 | PSA | 25 | 14 | m7sj | 0 | The friendship of Yahweh is for those | “Yahweh is a friend to those.” Some translate it as “Yahweh confides in those.” His confiding in them shows the intimate friendship he has with them. | ||
790 | PSA | 25 | 15 | utj9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | My eyes are always on Yahweh | Here “eyes” represents looking. It is implied that he looks to Yahweh for help. Alternate translation: “I always look to Yahweh to help me” or “I always depend on Yahweh to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
791 | PSA | 25 | 15 | mb6a | figs-metaphor | 0 | for he will free my feet from the net | A net is a trap. A person who is in danger is spoken of as if their feet are tangled in a net. Alternate translation: He will rescue me from danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
792 | PSA | 25 | 16 | jm85 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Turn toward me | Yahweh paying attention to a person and considering him is spoken of as if Yahweh were physically turning towards the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
793 | PSA | 25 | 17 | lu85 | figs-metonymy | 0 | The troubles of my heart are enlarged | Here “heart” represents a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I feel more and more troubled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
794 | PSA | 25 | 17 | t6l8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | draw me out from my distress | “bring me out of my distress.” This speaks of distress as if it were a place that a person can be brought out of. Alternate translation: “rescue me from my distress” or “relieve me of my distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
795 | PSA | 25 | 17 | px9i | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | my distress | The word “distress” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “the things that distress me” or “the things that cause me to be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
796 | PSA | 25 | 18 | gp57 | 0 | See my affliction | “Notice my affliction” | ||
797 | PSA | 25 | 18 | kwp4 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | my affliction | The abstract noun “affliction” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the things that afflict me” or “how afflicted I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
798 | PSA | 25 | 18 | my25 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | my toils | The word “toils” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “the things that trouble me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
799 | PSA | 25 | 19 | it1s | 0 | they hate me with cruel hatred | “they hate me cruelly” or “they hate me fiercely” | ||
800 | PSA | 25 | 20 | zk7e | figs-activepassive | 0 | do not let me be humiliated | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemies humiliate me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
801 | PSA | 25 | 20 | y36b | figs-metaphor | 0 | take refuge in you! | Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
802 | PSA | 25 | 21 | b36j | figs-personification | 0 | May integrity and uprightness preserve me | This speaks about “integrity” and “uprightness” as if they were persons who could keep another person safe. These abstract nouns can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “May being honest and doing what is right preserve me” or “Preserve me, Lord, because I am honest and do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
803 | PSA | 25 | 21 | d4fj | 0 | preserve me | “keep me safe” | ||
804 | PSA | 25 | 22 | vj9z | 0 | Rescue Israel | “Save Israel” or “Redeem Israel” | ||
805 | PSA | 25 | 22 | msf4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Israel…his troubles | Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel…our troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
806 | PSA | 26 | intro | q9dz | 0 | Psalm 026 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 26 is a teaching psalm; showing people how they should live by the example of the psalmsist. Special concepts in this chapterPraiseThe psalmist delights in praising God and doing good deeds. It is striking how this psalm uses the first person pronoun. This is an individual psalm of petition. Each of the four petitions are accompanied with various claims. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) | |||
807 | PSA | 26 | 1 | h9z4 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
808 | PSA | 26 | 1 | b9cq | figs-metaphor | 0 | I have walked | The word “walked” is a metaphor for behavior. Alternate translation: “I have behaved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
809 | PSA | 26 | 1 | am7u | figs-123person | 0 | in Yahweh | The third person use of “Yahweh” can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
810 | PSA | 26 | 1 | a4v9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | without wavering | Doubting is spoken of as if it were losing balance and waving back and forth. Alternate translation: “without doubting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
811 | PSA | 26 | 2 | zxg5 | 0 | Examine me | “Try me” | ||
812 | PSA | 26 | 2 | iqe7 | figs-doublet | 0 | test the purity of my inner parts and my heart | Here “inner parts” and “heart” mean motives. Alternate translation: “test whether my motives are good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
813 | PSA | 26 | 3 | qc7g | figs-metaphor | 0 | For your covenant faithfulness is before my eyes | Here “eyes” represent a person’s thoughts and having something before one’s eyes represents being aware of that thing. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “For I am always aware of your covenant faithfulness” or “For I am always aware that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
814 | PSA | 26 | 3 | am2g | figs-metaphor | 0 | I walk about in your faithfulness | The word “walk” is a metaphor for behavior. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I conduct my life according to your faithfulness” or “I behave the way I do because you are faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
815 | PSA | 26 | 4 | b17j | 0 | I do not associate with | “I do not keep company with” or “I do not sit with” | ||
816 | PSA | 26 | 4 | j2s7 | 0 | with deceitful people | “with those who deceive others” | ||
817 | PSA | 26 | 4 | u6k2 | figs-parallelism | 0 | nor do I mingle with dishonest people | This means the same as the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “and I do not join with dishonest people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
818 | PSA | 26 | 4 | t3xy | 0 | dishonest people | “hypocrites” or “those who lie to others” | ||
819 | PSA | 26 | 5 | hc11 | 0 | the assembly of evildoers | “those who gather to do evil” | ||
820 | PSA | 26 | 5 | ees1 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked | This is a nominal adjective. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
821 | PSA | 26 | 6 | idg7 | translate-symaction | 0 | I wash my hands in innocence | This seems to refer to a ritual washing of hands in water to symbolize freedom from sin and guilt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
822 | PSA | 26 | 6 | u7rx | 0 | I go around your altar | This was an action of worship that the Israelites were accustomed to doing. | ||
823 | PSA | 26 | 8 | ywm8 | 0 | the house where you live | Possible meanings are (1) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem or (2) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there. | ||
824 | PSA | 26 | 8 | adz5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the place where your glory lives | Here “glory” represents the presence and power of God, which is similar to a very bright light. Alternate translation: “the place where people can see the glorious light of your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
825 | PSA | 26 | 9 | k89i | figs-metaphor | 0 | Do not sweep me away with sinners | “Sweep away” here is a metaphor for destruction. Alternate translation: “Do not destroy me along with sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
826 | PSA | 26 | 9 | gb7w | figs-ellipsis | 0 | or my life | The word “sweep” is understood. Alternate translation: “or sweep my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
827 | PSA | 26 | 9 | dsi8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | people who are bloodthirsty | The word “bloodthirsty” represents wanting to kill people. Alternate translation: “people who are eager to shed others’ blood” or “murderers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
828 | PSA | 26 | 10 | gku4 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | in whose hands | “Hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “people in which” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
829 | PSA | 26 | 10 | g7rx | 0 | a plot | “a wicked plan” | ||
830 | PSA | 26 | 11 | qm5d | 0 | But as for me | This phrase shows that the writer is changing from speaking about wicked people to talking about himself. | ||
831 | PSA | 26 | 11 | vu5m | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will walk in integrity | “Walk” here is a metaphor for behavior. Alternate translation: “I will behave with integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
832 | PSA | 26 | 12 | xe4n | figs-synecdoche | 0 | My foot stands | Here “foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
833 | PSA | 26 | 12 | apj3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | level ground | Possible meanings are that “level ground” represents (1) a safe place or (2) right behavior (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
834 | PSA | 26 | 12 | p8c6 | 0 | in the assemblies will I bless Yahweh | “when I gather with the people of Israel I will praise you” | ||
835 | PSA | 27 | intro | ru1e | 0 | Psalm 027 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 27 is a psalm of praise to God because God keeps the psalmist safe from all his enemies. Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s helpBecause of God’s help, he has nothing to fear, no matter what happens. The psalmist shows his confidence in God; he also asks God for help. | |||
836 | PSA | 27 | 1 | cx3f | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
837 | PSA | 27 | 1 | pgd5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Yahweh is my light | Here “light” represents life. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the source of my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
838 | PSA | 27 | 1 | f2iu | figs-rquestion | 0 | whom should I fear? | This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should fear. Alternate translation: “I will not be afraid of anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
839 | PSA | 27 | 1 | gdw7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh is my life’s refuge | This speaks about Yahweh as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who keeps me safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
840 | PSA | 27 | 1 | b7ym | figs-rquestion | 0 | whom should I dread? | This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should be afraid of. Alternate translation: “I will not dread anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
841 | PSA | 27 | 2 | b8ta | figs-metaphor | 0 | to devour my flesh | Destroying someone completely is spoken of as if it were devouring a person’s flesh. He did not mean that they wanted to eat his body. Alternate translation: “to destroy me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
842 | PSA | 27 | 2 | afd9 | figs-doublet | 0 | my adversaries and my enemies | These words mean the same thing. These are the evildoers who came near to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
843 | PSA | 27 | 2 | gj21 | figs-metaphor | 0 | stumbled and fell | This represents the writer’s enemies failing to fulfill their plans to harm the writer. Alternate translation: “did not succeed” or “failed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
844 | PSA | 27 | 3 | a7hp | 0 | Though an army encamps against me | “though an army surrounds me” or “though an army puts its tents around me” | ||
845 | PSA | 27 | 3 | nqv6 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my heart will not fear | Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will not be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
846 | PSA | 27 | 3 | bf9y | figs-metaphor | 0 | though war rises up against me | The writer’s enemies are spoken of as if they themselves were a war. Alternate translation: “though my enemies come to fight against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
847 | PSA | 27 | 3 | z488 | 0 | I will remain confident | “I will continue to trust God to help me” | ||
848 | PSA | 27 | 4 | p5pc | 0 | have I asked of Yahweh | “I have asked Yahweh to let me do” | ||
849 | PSA | 27 | 4 | vpq5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will seek that | A person really wanting something and continually asking God for it is spoken of as if he were seeking to find something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
850 | PSA | 27 | 4 | gb9g | figs-metaphor | 0 | to see the beauty of Yahweh | The wonderful character of God is spoken of as if it were physical beauty. Alternate translation: “to see how wonderful Yahweh is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
851 | PSA | 27 | 4 | c2a9 | 0 | to meditate in his temple | Possible meanings are (1) “to ask God what he wants me to do” or (2) “to think carefully about God in his temple.” | ||
852 | PSA | 27 | 5 | cv9f | 0 | in the day of trouble | “in times of trouble” or “when I have troubles” | ||
853 | PSA | 27 | 5 | vjd7 | 0 | he will hide me | “he will protect me” | ||
854 | PSA | 27 | 5 | cc6r | figs-parallelism | 0 | his shelter…his tent | Both of these refer to the tabernacle where the writer is worshiping God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
855 | PSA | 27 | 5 | mz3d | 0 | in the cover of his tent | The word “cover” represents something that hides and protects. | ||
856 | PSA | 27 | 5 | j6tu | figs-metaphor | 0 | He will lift me high on a rock | God keeping the writer safe from his enemies is spoken of as if God were placing him on a high rock where his enemies cannot reach him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
857 | PSA | 27 | 6 | a3t2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | my head will be lifted up above my enemies | This represents the writer receiving pride or honor when he defeats his enemies. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will honor me when I win the fight against my enemies” or “God will honor me by enabling me to defeat my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
858 | PSA | 27 | 7 | p3lq | figs-metonymy | 0 | Hear, Yahweh, my voice | The “voice” often represents a person who speak or calls out. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, hear me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
859 | PSA | 27 | 7 | q1ev | figs-explicit | 0 | answer me | This implies that Yahweh hears the writer’s prayer and Yahweh will do what the writer asks. Alternate translation: “answer my prayer” or “do what I request of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
860 | PSA | 27 | 8 | jx52 | figs-metonymy | 0 | My heart says | Here “heart” represents a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “In my heart I say” or “I say to myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
861 | PSA | 27 | 8 | kc98 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Seek his face | A person going to the temple to pray to Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking to find Yahweh. Here “face” represents all of God. Alternate translation: “Go and pray to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
862 | PSA | 27 | 8 | lv4r | figs-metaphor | 0 | I seek your face, Yahweh | A person going to the temple to pray to Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking to find Yahweh. Here “face” represents all of God. Alternate translation: “I will come to your temple to pray to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
863 | PSA | 27 | 9 | uv72 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Do not hide your face from me | The face here represents Yahweh’s attention, and hiding the face represents rejecting someone. Alternate translation: “Do not reject me” or “Do not stop taking care of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
864 | PSA | 27 | 9 | n49l | figs-123person | 0 | do not turn your servant away in anger | David said “your servant” to refer to himself in a humble way. Alternate translation: “do not be angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
865 | PSA | 27 | 9 | p7vh | figs-doublet | 0 | forsake me or abandon me | The words “forsake” and “abandon” mean the same thing. The writer is emphasizing that he does not want God to leave him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
866 | PSA | 27 | 9 | j546 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | or abandon me | The words “and do not” are understood. Alternate translation: “and do not abandon me” or “and do not leave me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
867 | PSA | 27 | 9 | sm12 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | God of my salvation | The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as “saves.” Alternate translation: God who saves me” or “because you are the God who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
868 | PSA | 27 | 10 | w897 | figs-hypo | 0 | Even if my father and my mother forsake me | “Even if my father and my mother were to forsake me.” He is not saying that they actually have done this or that they would do it. His point is that even if they did that, God would not abandon him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) | |
869 | PSA | 27 | 10 | n75n | 0 | Yahweh will take me in | “Yahweh will keep me” or “Yahweh will take care of me” | ||
870 | PSA | 27 | 11 | z7b8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Teach me your way | How a person should behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path that person should travel. Alternate translation: “Teach me how you want me to live” or “Teach me to do what you want me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
871 | PSA | 27 | 11 | r72j | figs-metaphor | 0 | Lead me on a level path | Yahweh keeping the writer safe from his enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh leads the writer on a level path where he will not stumble and fall. Alternate translation: “Keep me safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
872 | PSA | 27 | 12 | gs3s | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Do not give me up to the desires of my enemies | The abstract noun “desires” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemies do to me what they desire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
873 | PSA | 27 | 12 | s7ry | figs-idiom | 0 | have risen up against me | “Risen up” here is an idiom meaning that a witness stood in court to present testimony. Alternate translation: “have stood up in order to speak against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
874 | PSA | 27 | 12 | ez4n | figs-metaphor | 0 | they breathe out violence | Here violence is spoken for as if it was something a person could breathe out. Alternate translation: “they say that they will do violent things to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
875 | PSA | 27 | 13 | ts3j | figs-rquestion | 0 | What would have happened to me | This rhetorical question can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Something bad would have happened to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
876 | PSA | 27 | 13 | c72l | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the goodness of Yahweh | The abstract noun “goodness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the good things that Yahweh does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
877 | PSA | 27 | 13 | wld8 | figs-idiom | 0 | in the land of the living | This refers to being alive. Alternate translation: “while I am alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
878 | PSA | 27 | 14 | g4pq | 0 | Wait for Yahweh…Wait for Yahweh! | This verse may be (1) the writer speaking to himself or (2) the writer speaking to others or (3) someone speaking to the writer. | ||
879 | PSA | 27 | 14 | m8gs | figs-synecdoche | 0 | let your heart be courageous | Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “be courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
880 | PSA | 27 | 14 | yng1 | 0 | Wait for Yahweh! | This line is repeated at the end of the psalm as a way of ending the psalm. | ||
881 | PSA | 28 | intro | a18t | 0 | Psalm 028 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 28 is a psalm of prayer to God that he is not be punished along with the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapterTrustThe psalmist trusted God completely and God rescued him. This is similar to psalm 7 and 17 because it is an individual lament psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) | |||
882 | PSA | 28 | 1 | p6ea | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
883 | PSA | 28 | 1 | t7sd | 0 | I cry out | “I call out loudly” | ||
884 | PSA | 28 | 1 | vx2c | figs-metaphor | 0 | my rock | This is a metaphor for strength. Alternate translation: “my strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
885 | PSA | 28 | 1 | y82h | 0 | do not ignore me | “do not be silent to me” or “do not leave me alone” | ||
886 | PSA | 28 | 1 | y255 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will join those who go down to the grave | People who die are spoken of as if they are going down into the grave. Alternate translation: “I will die like those who are in the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
887 | PSA | 28 | 2 | i4h9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Hear the sound of my pleading | Here “sound” refers to the content of his request. Alternate translation: “Hear my strong request” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
888 | PSA | 28 | 2 | t7ig | translate-symaction | 0 | I lift up my hands toward your most holy place | Lifting up hands is a symbol of worship. The writer is not worshiping the holy place, but Yahweh who lives in the holy place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
889 | PSA | 28 | 2 | a92a | 0 | your most holy place | Possible meanings are (1) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there, or (2) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem. | ||
890 | PSA | 28 | 3 | r4t6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Do not drag me away | God punishing people is spoken of as if he physically drags them away. In this metaphor Yahweh may be dragging them to prison, exile, or death. Alternate translation: “Do not remove me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
891 | PSA | 28 | 3 | y9zp | 0 | who speak peace with their neighbors | Here “neighbors” refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “who speak peacefully with other people” | ||
892 | PSA | 28 | 3 | y46g | figs-metonymy | 0 | but have evil in their hearts | Here “hearts” represents a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “but are thinking something evil about them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
893 | PSA | 28 | 4 | g3b9 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Give them what their deeds deserve…repay them what their wickedness demands | These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used together to emphasize that they deserve for God to punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
894 | PSA | 28 | 4 | z39d | figs-metonymy | 0 | the work of their hands | Here “hands” represent what the person has done. Alternate translation: “the things they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
895 | PSA | 28 | 4 | d21y | 0 | render to them their due | “give them what they deserve” | ||
896 | PSA | 28 | 5 | vma7 | 0 | Because they do not understand…never rebuild them | Possible meanings are (1) David is confident about what God will do to wicked people or (2) David is asking God to destroy the wicked people. | ||
897 | PSA | 28 | 5 | b1cw | figs-explicit | 0 | they do not understand the deeds of Yahweh | It is implied that “do not understand” means they ignore or do not honor Yahweh’s works. Alternate translation: “they do not regard with honor what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
898 | PSA | 28 | 5 | a757 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the work of his hands | Here “hands” represents what Yahweh has done or created. Alternate translation: “what he has created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
899 | PSA | 28 | 5 | uqh3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he will tear them down and never rebuild them | The punishment of the wicked people is spoken of as if they were a building or a city that God would destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
900 | PSA | 28 | 6 | jfr4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | he has heard the sound of my pleading | Here “sound” represents what the writer said. Alternate translation: “has heard what I said when I pleaded to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
901 | PSA | 28 | 7 | g4ne | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Yahweh is my strength | The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as “strong.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes me strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
902 | PSA | 28 | 7 | vh7h | figs-metaphor | 0 | my shield | This represents Yahweh’s protecting the writer. Alternate translation: “he protects me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
903 | PSA | 28 | 7 | r9jp | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my heart trusts | Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I trust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
904 | PSA | 28 | 7 | bl9l | figs-activepassive | 0 | I am helped | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he helps me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
905 | PSA | 28 | 7 | uts5 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my heart greatly rejoices | Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I greatly rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
906 | PSA | 28 | 8 | pd6u | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Yahweh is the strength of his people | The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as “strong.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes his people strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
907 | PSA | 28 | 8 | vd99 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he is the saving refuge of his anointed one | Yahweh keeping the king safe is spoken of as if Yahweh were a place that the king could go for safety. Alternate translation: “he keeps safe the one he appointed to be king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
908 | PSA | 28 | 8 | yh2k | figs-metonymy | 0 | his anointed one | The represents the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
909 | PSA | 28 | 9 | at1a | figs-metaphor | 0 | your inheritance | This speaks about the people of God as if they were something God inherited. Alternate translation: “your possession” or “those who belong to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
910 | PSA | 28 | 9 | e7e7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Be their shepherd and carry them forever | The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd and the people are his sheep. A shepherd would carry a sheep if it needed help or protection. Alternate translation: “Be like their shepherd and protect them forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
911 | PSA | 29 | intro | b4tt | 0 | Psalm 029 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 29 is a worship psalm. It tells how Yahweh rules all nature. Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s powerGod is powerful. All he has to do is to speak in order to control nature. Important figures of speech in this chapterMetonymyThe voice of the Yahweh stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |||
912 | PSA | 29 | 1 | kq7e | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
913 | PSA | 29 | 1 | bc7z | figs-idiom | 0 | you sons of God | The phrase “sons of” is a way of saying “having the characteristics of.” Alternate translation: “you mighty men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
914 | PSA | 29 | 1 | i354 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | ascribe to Yahweh glory and strength | The abstract nouns “glory” and “strength” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “praise Yahweh because he is glorious and strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
915 | PSA | 29 | 2 | yv1p | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Ascribe to Yahweh the glory his name deserves | The abstract noun “glory” can be stated as a verb or adjective. Alternate translation: “Honor Yahweh just as his name deserves” or “Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
916 | PSA | 29 | 2 | rcj6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | his name deserves | The phrase “his name” refers to Yahweh or his reputation. Alternate translation: “as is proper because of who he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
917 | PSA | 29 | 2 | e4f6 | figs-explicit | 0 | Bow down to Yahweh | The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. Alternate translation: “Bow down to worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
918 | PSA | 29 | 2 | da1b | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | in the splendor of holiness | The abstract nouns “splendor” and “holiness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “because he is gloriously beautiful and holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
919 | PSA | 29 | 3 | dml8 | 0 | General Information: | The psalm shows Yahweh’s power and glory. | ||
920 | PSA | 29 | 3 | t9g6 | figs-activepassive | 0 | The voice of Yahweh is heard over the waters | God’s voice is louder and clearer than all other sounds and noises. It can be heard over other loud sounds such as the sound of the waters. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh speaks his voice is louder than the sound of the sea” or “Yahweh shouts louder than the sound of the waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
921 | PSA | 29 | 3 | z58f | 0 | over the waters | This refers to the seas or the oceans. These waters make a very loud noise as the waves rise and fall. | ||
922 | PSA | 29 | 3 | u41c | figs-metonymy | 0 | The voice of Yahweh | All occurrences of “voice” here represent Yahweh speaking. The writer is emphasizing that when Yahweh speaks, the sound is so loud it is heard over the waters, and it is so powerful it can destroy the largest trees. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh speaks, his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
923 | PSA | 29 | 3 | b7zk | figs-metaphor | 0 | the God of glory thunders | This speaks about God speaking as if it were the sound of thunder. Just like the sound of thunder, Yahweh’s voice can be heard over large distances. Alternate translation: “The voice of the glorious God is loud like thunder” or “When the glorious God speaks it rumbles like thunder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
924 | PSA | 29 | 3 | srk7 | 0 | over many waters | “over the large bodies of water” | ||
925 | PSA | 29 | 6 | s8av | 0 | Connecting Statement: | The writer continues describing the power of God’s voice. | ||
926 | PSA | 29 | 6 | kdn3 | figs-simile | 0 | He makes Lebanon skip like a calf | The ground of Lebanon shaking is spoken of as if it were a young calf skipping. This emphasizes that when Yahweh speaks, the power of his voice shakes the ground. Alternate translation: “He makes the land of Lebanon shake like a calf skipping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
927 | PSA | 29 | 6 | y9uu | 0 | skip | jump lightly back and forth | ||
928 | PSA | 29 | 6 | war4 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | Sirion like a young ox | The words “he makes” and “skip” are understood from the first phrase. They can be repeated here. The ground of Sirion shaking is spoken of as if it were a young ox skipping. This emphasizes that when Yahweh speaks, the power of his voice shakes the ground. Alternate translation: “he makes Sirion skip like a young ox” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
929 | PSA | 29 | 6 | n725 | translate-names | 0 | Sirion | This is a mountain in Lebanon. It is also called Mount Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
930 | PSA | 29 | 7 | wk16 | figs-metonymy | 0 | The voice of Yahweh sends out flames of fire | All occurrences of “voice” here represent Yahweh speaking. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh speaks he causes lightning to flash in the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
931 | PSA | 29 | 7 | rc8c | 0 | flames of fire | This refers to lightning. | ||
932 | PSA | 29 | 9 | ht1n | figs-metonymy | 0 | The voice of Yahweh causes | Here “voice” represents Yahweh speaking. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh speaks, the sound causes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
933 | PSA | 29 | 9 | sqa7 | 0 | the oaks to twist | “the large trees to shake” | ||
934 | PSA | 29 | 9 | f33q | figs-metaphor | 0 | strips the forests bare | Removing the leaves of the trees is spoken of as if it was removing their clothing. Alternate translation: “strips off the leaves from the trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
935 | PSA | 29 | 10 | mk7u | figs-metonymy | 0 | Yahweh sits as king | This means that Yahweh rules. Alternate translation: “Yahweh rules” or “Yahweh is king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
936 | PSA | 29 | 10 | b6k6 | 0 | over the flood | Here “flood” refers to waters that cover the earth. | ||
937 | PSA | 29 | 11 | vm7e | figs-metonymy | 0 | Yahweh blesses his people with peace | The word “peace” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “Yahweh blesses his people by causing them to prosper and to live peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
938 | PSA | 30 | intro | eee3 | 0 | Psalm 030 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 30 is a psalm of praise and thanksgiving to God. The psalmist was near death but God rescued him. Special concepts in this chapterThe psalmist’s deathIf he had died, it would not have been a help to God. But since God rescued him he can praise God. | |||
939 | PSA | 30 | 1 | iaj9 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
940 | PSA | 30 | 1 | e8py | 0 | a song at the dedication of the temple | “This song was sung when the temple was dedicated” | ||
941 | PSA | 30 | 1 | ig1t | figs-metaphor | 0 | you have raised me up | The writer speaks of God rescuing him and keeping him from dying as if God had drawn him up from a deep well. Alternate translation: “you rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
942 | PSA | 30 | 3 | gel6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | brought up my soul from Sheol | Since “Sheol” was the place where dead people go, it refers to death. Alternate translation: “kept me from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
943 | PSA | 30 | 3 | sw64 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | brought up my soul | Here “my soul” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “brought me up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
944 | PSA | 30 | 3 | ryd7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | from going down to the grave | The “grave” represents death. Alternate translation: “from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
945 | PSA | 30 | 4 | jui4 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Give thanks when you remember his holiness | The abstract nouns “thanks” and “holiness” can be stated as “thank” and “holy.” Alternate translation: “Remember that God is holy and thank him” or “Remember what God has done because he is holy and thank him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
946 | PSA | 30 | 5 | n3py | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | his anger is only for a moment | “his anger lasts only a moment.” The abstract noun “anger” can be stated as “angry.” Alternate translation: “he is angry for only a moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
947 | PSA | 30 | 5 | ls29 | figs-metonymy | 0 | a moment | Here “moment” represents a short amount of time. Alternate translation: “a short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
948 | PSA | 30 | 5 | zm7v | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | but his favor is for a lifetime | The abstract noun “favor” can be stated as the adjective “good.” Alternate translation: “but he is good to us all of our lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
949 | PSA | 30 | 5 | vw11 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Weeping comes for a night, but joy comes in the morning | This speaks about “weeping” and “joy” as if they were something that travels and arrives at a certain time. Alternate translation: “We may cry during the night, but the next morning we will be joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
950 | PSA | 30 | 6 | v3a5 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | In confidence | The word “confidence” is an abstract noun. The writer recalls a time when he was prospering and felt confident and safe. Alternate translation: “When I was confident” or “When I felt safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
951 | PSA | 30 | 6 | p1kl | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will never be shaken | The word “shaken” is a metaphor for defeat. Alternate translation: “No one will defeat me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
952 | PSA | 30 | 7 | d155 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | by your favor | The abstract noun “favor” can be stated as the verb “favored” or the adjective “kind.” Alternate translation: “when you favored me” or “when you were kind to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
953 | PSA | 30 | 7 | m53d | figs-metaphor | 0 | you established me as a strong mountain | The writer’s security is spoken of as if he were a strong mountain. Alternate translation: “you made me as secure as a high mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
954 | PSA | 30 | 7 | q4uk | figs-idiom | 0 | when you hid your face | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when you stopped helping me” or “when you rejected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
955 | PSA | 30 | 7 | y2rt | 0 | I was troubled | “I was fearful” or “I was worried” | ||
956 | PSA | 30 | 8 | m69p | figs-metaphor | 0 | sought favor from my Lord | The phrase “sought favor” means to ask for help. Alternate translation: “I pleaded for you to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
957 | PSA | 30 | 8 | n1hs | figs-123person | 0 | from my Lord | The writer is referring to Yahweh in third person. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “from you, my Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
958 | PSA | 30 | 9 | npv8 | figs-rquestion | 0 | What advantage is there in my death, if I go down to the grave? | The writer uses this question to emphasize that he would be of no value to God if he were dead. Alternate translation: “There is no advantage if I die and go down to the grave.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
959 | PSA | 30 | 9 | h9v9 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Will the dust praise you? Will it declare your trustworthiness? | The writer uses these questions to emphasize that his dead and decayed body cannot praise God. Alternate translation: “The dust will certainly not praise you or tell others about how trustworthy you are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
960 | PSA | 30 | 9 | ds6c | figs-metonymy | 0 | the dust | This refers to the body of the writer which will decay and become dust when he is dead. Alternate translation: “my decayed body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
961 | PSA | 30 | 11 | fh4q | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | You have turned my mourning into dancing | It was customary for the Jews to dance when they were very happy. The abstract nouns “mourning” and “dancing” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “You have caused me to stop mourning and to dance with joy instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
962 | PSA | 30 | 11 | y5wj | figs-metonymy | 0 | you have removed my sackcloth | Sackcloth was associated with mourning and sorrow. Alternate translation: “You have caused me to no longer be sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
963 | PSA | 30 | 11 | l9jm | figs-metaphor | 0 | clothed me with gladness | The writer speaks of gladness as if it were a garment that he could put on. Alternate translation: “caused me to be glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
964 | PSA | 30 | 12 | b717 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my glory will sing praise to you | Here “my glory” refers to the writer’s soul or heart or inner being. This represents the entire person of the writer, who worships God because God has made him glad. Alternate translation: “I will sing praise to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
965 | PSA | 31 | intro | j2an | 0 | Psalm 031 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 31 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist’s enemies thought they had defeated him, but God protected him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterAbandonmentEven though everyone deserted and despised the psalmist, God did not abandon him. | |||
966 | PSA | 31 | 1 | ggk4 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
967 | PSA | 31 | 1 | yu4y | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
968 | PSA | 31 | 1 | fs4i | figs-metaphor | 0 | In you, Yahweh, I take refuge | Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “I go to you, Yahweh, for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
969 | PSA | 31 | 1 | f8jw | figs-activepassive | 0 | never let me be humiliated | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “do not let others humiliate me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
970 | PSA | 31 | 2 | x6bw | figs-parallelism | 0 | be my rock of refuge, a stronghold to save me | The phrase “be my rock of refuge” is a request for protection. The second phrase emphasizes the first phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
971 | PSA | 31 | 2 | tq1e | figs-metaphor | 0 | my rock of refuge | Yahweh is spoke of as if he were a huge rock that would protect the writer from attack. Alternate translation: “like a huge rock on which I can be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
972 | PSA | 31 | 2 | p9xb | figs-metaphor | 0 | a stronghold to save me | Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a strong fortress in which the writer would be protected from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
973 | PSA | 31 | 3 | m5q1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | my rock | Yahweh is spoke of as if he were a huge rock that would protect the writer from attack. Alternate translation: “like a huge rock on which I can be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
974 | PSA | 31 | 3 | d9h8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | my fortress | Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a strong fortress in which the writer would be protected from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
975 | PSA | 31 | 3 | kti8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | for your name’s sake | In this phrase “name” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “so that your name may be honored” or “so that I may worship you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
976 | PSA | 31 | 3 | nm5d | figs-doublet | 0 | lead and guide me | The words “lead” and “guide” mean basically the same thing and strengthen the request that Yahweh lead him. Alternate translation: “lead me where you want me to go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
977 | PSA | 31 | 4 | xp2k | figs-metaphor | 0 | Pluck me out of the net that they have hidden for me | The writer is spoken of as if he were a bird caught in a hidden net, and waiting for Yahweh to free him from the trap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
978 | PSA | 31 | 4 | pg5z | figs-metaphor | 0 | you are my refuge | Yahweh is spoken of as if he is a place where the writer can hide from people who are attacking him. Alternate translation: “you always protect me” or “you give me constant protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
979 | PSA | 31 | 5 | e3hz | figs-personification | 0 | Into your hands | God is spirit, but he is here spoken of as if he has hands. Here “your hands” refers to Yahweh’s care. Alternate translation: “Into your care” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
980 | PSA | 31 | 5 | ez3i | figs-synecdoche | 0 | I entrust my spirit | Here “my spirit” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I place myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
981 | PSA | 31 | 5 | m7ux | 0 | God of trustworthiness | “you are a God I can trust” | ||
982 | PSA | 31 | 6 | d1f4 | figs-distinguish | 0 | I hate those who serve worthless idols | Here the word “worthless” refers to all idols. This can be clarified in translation. Alternate translation: “Idols are worthless. I hate those who serve them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) | |
983 | PSA | 31 | 7 | z4ew | figs-doublet | 0 | I will be glad and rejoice in your covenant faithfulness | The words “glad” and “rejoice” share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of joy. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will be very glad because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
984 | PSA | 31 | 7 | x1wl | figs-parallelism | 0 | you saw my affliction…you knew the distress of my soul | Both of these phrases express the idea that God knows about the writer’s troubles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
985 | PSA | 31 | 7 | ji14 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the distress of my soul | Here “my soul” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “my distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
986 | PSA | 31 | 8 | x76g | figs-synecdoche | 0 | You have set my feet | Here “my feet” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “You have set me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
987 | PSA | 31 | 8 | d4bb | figs-metaphor | 0 | a wide open place | The Hebrews thought of wide open spaces as a metaphor for safety and freedom. Alternate translation: “a place where I am free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
988 | PSA | 31 | 9 | iv54 | 0 | I am in distress | “I am suffering greatly” | ||
989 | PSA | 31 | 9 | amp8 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my soul and my body | The terms “soul” and “body” are used to describe the complete person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
990 | PSA | 31 | 10 | p8pm | figs-metonymy | 0 | For my life is weary | Here “my life” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I have become very weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
991 | PSA | 31 | 10 | nw2b | 0 | with sorrow…with groaning | “because of my sorrow…because of my groaning” | ||
992 | PSA | 31 | 10 | l7fj | figs-ellipsis | 0 | my years with groaning | The phrase “is weary” is missing, but is implied. Alternate translation: “my years are weary with groaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
993 | PSA | 31 | 10 | a1r3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | My strength fails | Here “My strength” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I have become weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
994 | PSA | 31 | 10 | b5c7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | my bones are wasting away | Here “my bones” refers to the physical health of the writer. Alternate translation: “my health is failing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
995 | PSA | 31 | 11 | n8g3 | 0 | people disdain me | “people insult me” | ||
996 | PSA | 31 | 11 | w86t | 0 | are appalled at my situation | “are shocked at my condition” | ||
997 | PSA | 31 | 12 | w6b3 | figs-simile | 0 | as a dead man whom no one thinks about | People do not think about dead people. The writer does not think people think about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
998 | PSA | 31 | 12 | dnb7 | figs-simile | 0 | like a broken pot | The writer speaks of himself as if he was completely useless. “as useless as a broken pot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
999 | PSA | 31 | 13 | ll6r | figs-ellipsis | 0 | the whispering of many | It is implied that “many” refers to people. Alternate translation: “many people talking about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
1000 | PSA | 31 | 13 | pf7q | 0 | terrifying news from every side | “scary reports from many sources” | ||
1001 | PSA | 31 | 13 | d84i | figs-idiom | 0 | take away my life | This idiom means to kill someone. Alternate translation: “kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1002 | PSA | 31 | 15 | pr1h | figs-metonymy | 0 | My times are in your hand | Here “your hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “You have the power to decide my future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1003 | PSA | 31 | 15 | c577 | 0 | from those who pursue me | “from people who try to capture me” | ||
1004 | PSA | 31 | 16 | x22n | figs-metaphor | 0 | Make your face shine on your servant | The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards him as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on him. Alternate translation: “Act favorably towards your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1005 | PSA | 31 | 16 | hjf7 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | save me in your covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1006 | PSA | 31 | 17 | fg5c | figs-activepassive | 0 | Do not let me be humiliated | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let others make me feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1007 | PSA | 31 | 17 | vud9 | 0 | May the wicked be humiliated! | “I wish that God would disgrace wicked people!” | ||
1008 | PSA | 31 | 17 | mw8m | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked | This refers to “wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1009 | PSA | 31 | 17 | n96w | figs-metonymy | 0 | May they be silent in Sheol | Here “in Sheol” represents death. Alternate translation: “Let them die so they cannot speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1010 | PSA | 31 | 18 | rvr4 | figs-activepassive | 0 | May lying lips be silenced | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “May someone make these lying lips silent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1011 | PSA | 31 | 18 | jqf6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | lying lips | These represent lying people. Alternate translation: “people who lie” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1012 | PSA | 31 | 18 | dig8 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | that speak against the righteous defiantly | Here “the righteous” refers to people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “that say terrible things about righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1013 | PSA | 31 | 18 | r22l | 0 | with arrogance and contempt | These terms have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “with a complete lack of respect” | ||
1014 | PSA | 31 | 19 | c7i2 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | is your goodness | This can be expressed with a verb. Alternate translation: “are the good things you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1015 | PSA | 31 | 19 | dge4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | that you have stored up | Yahweh’s goodness is spoken of as if it was something that could be stored up like a harvest. Alternate translation: “that you are keeping ready to use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1016 | PSA | 31 | 19 | ld4z | 0 | those who revere you | “those who respect you greatly” | ||
1017 | PSA | 31 | 19 | iu38 | figs-metaphor | 0 | take refuge in you | Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. See how you translated this in Psalms 31:1. Alternate translation: “those who go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1018 | PSA | 31 | 20 | q6pa | figs-parallelism | 0 | In the shelter of your presence, you hide them…You hide them in a shelter | These phrases both mean that God protects them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1019 | PSA | 31 | 20 | v252 | figs-metaphor | 0 | In the shelter | Yahweh’s presence is spoken of as if it is a strong building where the writer would be safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1020 | PSA | 31 | 20 | dx2q | figs-metonymy | 0 | You hide them in a shelter | Here a “shelter” represents a safe place. Alternate translation: “You provide a safe place for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1021 | PSA | 31 | 20 | jre5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | from the violence of tongues | Here “tongues” refer to the people who are speaking violent things against the writer. Alternate translation: “where their enemies cannot speak evil at them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1022 | PSA | 31 | 21 | jkp6 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | he showed me his marvelous covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “he showed me that he is wonderfully faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1023 | PSA | 31 | 22 | uq2j | figs-activepassive | 0 | I am cut off from your eyes | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You have removed me from your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1024 | PSA | 31 | 22 | aku2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | your eyes | Here Yahweh is represented by his “eyes.” Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1025 | PSA | 31 | 22 | pa4l | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | you heard my plea for help | Here “plea” can be expressed with a verb. Alternate translation: “you heard me plead for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1026 | PSA | 31 | 23 | a8kd | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the faithful | This refers to the faithful people. Alternate translation: “the people who are faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1027 | PSA | 31 | 23 | el6y | figs-idiom | 0 | he pays back the arrogant in full | Here “pay back” is an idiom that refers to punishment. Alternate translation: “he gives the proud people all of the punishment that they deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1028 | PSA | 32 | intro | le2f | 0 | Psalm 032 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 32 is a psalm of confession of sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Special concepts in this chapterConfession of sinThis psalm tells of the sorrow of unconfessed sin; it also tells of the blessing of confession and of receiving God’s forgiveness. It is such a blessing when God forgives sin. Trouble comes when sin is hidden and not confessed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]]) | |||
1029 | PSA | 32 | 1 | w4yz | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1030 | PSA | 32 | 1 | tgw8 | 0 | A psalm of David | Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. | ||
1031 | PSA | 32 | 1 | pzp9 | figs-parallelism | 0 | whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered | These phrases have similar meanings. They can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who God forgives his transgression and covers his sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1032 | PSA | 32 | 1 | sch5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | whose sin is covered | Here sin that is forgiven is spoken of as if it were covered so that it can not be seen. Alternate translation: “whose sin is ignored” or “whose sin is deliberately forgotten” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1033 | PSA | 32 | 2 | k682 | figs-activepassive | 0 | to whom Yahweh reckons no guilt | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom Yahweh sees as innocent” or “who is not guilty according to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1034 | PSA | 32 | 2 | m29u | figs-synecdoche | 0 | in whose spirit there is no deceit | Here “spirit” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “in whom there is not deceit” or “who is completely honest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1035 | PSA | 32 | 3 | s6cx | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my bones were wasting away | Here “my bones” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I was wasting away” or “I was getting weaker” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1036 | PSA | 32 | 3 | svq8 | figs-idiom | 0 | all day long | This idiom means “continually.” Alternate translation: “all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1037 | PSA | 32 | 4 | j9jl | figs-merism | 0 | day and night | These extremes include everything in between. Alternate translation: “all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
1038 | PSA | 32 | 4 | xw1r | figs-synecdoche | 0 | your hand was heavy upon me | Here “hand” refers to Yahweh. The entire phrase is an idiom that means “you afflicted me.” Alternate translation: “you made me suffer greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1039 | PSA | 32 | 4 | fkc1 | figs-simile | 0 | My strength withered as in summer drought | David’s strength is compared to a small, green plant that turns brown and crumbles in the dry season. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1040 | PSA | 32 | 6 | rpw8 | 0 | at a time of great distress | “when they are in great trouble.” | ||
1041 | PSA | 32 | 6 | yl7l | figs-metaphor | 0 | When the surging waters overflow, the waters will not reach them | Difficulties are spoken of as if they were a flood of water. Alternate translation: “Then when difficulties come like a flood of water, those people will be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1042 | PSA | 32 | 7 | r54z | figs-metaphor | 0 | You are my hiding place | Yahweh is spoken of as if he was a safe place from the attacks of the writer’s enemies. Alternate translation: “You are like a place where I can hide myself from my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1043 | PSA | 32 | 7 | u3z7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | You will surround me with the songs of victory | This metaphor apparently means that Yahweh’s protection of the writer is the cause for songs of victory to be sung. Alternate translation: “Because of you I will sing songs of victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1044 | PSA | 32 | 8 | x1lw | figs-doublet | 0 | I will instruct you and teach you in the way | The words “instruct” and “teach” mean basically the same thing and emphasize careful instruction. Alternate translation: “I will teach you everything about the way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1045 | PSA | 32 | 8 | mh9j | 0 | I will instruct | Here the “I” is probably Yahweh who talks directly to David. | ||
1046 | PSA | 32 | 8 | s74m | figs-metaphor | 0 | in the way which you should go | Living in the correct way is spoken of as if it were a path that the writer should walk. Alternate translation: “how you should live your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1047 | PSA | 32 | 8 | lj3f | figs-metonymy | 0 | with my eye upon you | Here “my eye” refers to Yahweh’s attention. Alternate translation: “and direct my attention to you” or “and watch over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1048 | PSA | 32 | 9 | ry6h | figs-simile | 0 | Do not be like a horse…no understanding | The writer compares people with no understanding to horses and mules. Possible meanings are (1) the writer is speaking Yahweh’s words to his readers, “You all must not be like a horse…no understanding” or (2) Yahweh is speaking to the writer as though to a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1049 | PSA | 32 | 9 | g1b3 | 0 | bridle and bit | Two tools that are used by people to guide horses and mules go where the rider wants them to go. | ||
1050 | PSA | 32 | 9 | cv6w | 0 | where you want them to | “where anyone wants them to go.” The “you” here is singular and refers to no one in particular. | ||
1051 | PSA | 32 | 10 | ann9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness will surround the one who trusts in him | Yahweh being faithful to a person and protecting that person is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness surrounded the person. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant, he will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1052 | PSA | 32 | 11 | zxp2 | figs-idiom | 0 | Be glad in Yahweh | Here “in Yahweh” refers to what Yahweh has done for them. “Be glad because of what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1053 | PSA | 32 | 11 | n71r | figs-nominaladj | 0 | you righteous | This refers to people. Alternate translation: “you righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1054 | PSA | 32 | 11 | gs62 | 0 | shout for joy | “shout joyfully” or “shout because of joy” | ||
1055 | PSA | 32 | 11 | ame7 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | who are upright in heart | Here “heart” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “people who are upright” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1056 | PSA | 33 | intro | m4ih | 0 | Psalm 033 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 33 is a worship song. It tells how great God is. Special concepts in this chapterGod’s powerGod is the creator and also the God of his people, Israel. Whatever he plans works out. He alone provides safety in battle. | |||
1057 | PSA | 33 | 1 | b979 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1058 | PSA | 33 | 1 | x3gc | figs-idiom | 0 | Rejoice in Yahweh | Here “in Yahweh” refers to what Yahweh has done for them. “Rejoice because of what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1059 | PSA | 33 | 1 | jn1l | 0 | praise is appropriate for the upright | “to praise Yahweh is appropriate for upright people” | ||
1060 | PSA | 33 | 4 | mcg5 | figs-parallelism | 0 | General Information: | Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1061 | PSA | 33 | 4 | t8rm | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh’s word is upright | Here “upright” is used as a metaphor for something that is true. Alternate translation: “Yahweh always does what he says that he will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1062 | PSA | 33 | 5 | n6zg | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | He loves righteousness and justice | These abstract nouns can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “He loves doing what is right and just” or “He loves those who do what is right and just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1063 | PSA | 33 | 5 | e631 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The earth is full of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness | People everywhere in the world being able to see evidence of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if his covenant faithfulness filled the earth. The abstract noun “covenant faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “People everywhere on earth can see that Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” or “Throughout the earth, there is evidence that Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1064 | PSA | 33 | 6 | qhw8 | figs-activepassive | 0 | By the word of Yahweh the heavens were made | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “By using his word, Yahweh made the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1065 | PSA | 33 | 6 | bb33 | figs-metonymy | 0 | by the breath of his mouth | This refers to Yahweh’s word. Alternate translation: “by his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1066 | PSA | 33 | 7 | xt7h | figs-parallelism | 0 | General Information: | Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1067 | PSA | 33 | 7 | k6ey | figs-simile | 0 | like a heap | “like behind a dam.” The writer describes the creation of the sea as if God piles up all the waters together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1068 | PSA | 33 | 7 | eg5a | figs-metaphor | 0 | he puts the oceans in storehouses | The writer describes the creation of the oceans as if God put them in a storehouse. Alternate translation: “he puts the oceans in their place, just like a man puts grain in a storehouse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1069 | PSA | 33 | 8 | vc67 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Let the whole earth | This refers to the people on the earth. Alternate translation: “Let everyone on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1070 | PSA | 33 | 8 | ame6 | figs-idiom | 0 | stand in awe of him | Here “stand in awe” is an idiom that means “be in awe.” Alternate translation: “honor him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1071 | PSA | 33 | 9 | c3h8 | figs-idiom | 0 | stood in place | Here “stood in place” is an idiom that means “was created.” Alternate translation: “started to exist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1072 | PSA | 33 | 10 | x22s | figs-parallelism | 0 | General Information: | Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1073 | PSA | 33 | 10 | zp3d | 0 | Yahweh frustrates | “Yahweh destroys” or “Yahweh breaks” | ||
1074 | PSA | 33 | 10 | r5ri | figs-metonymy | 0 | the alliances of nations | Here “nations” refers to the people of these nations. Alternate translation: “the alliances of the people of different nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1075 | PSA | 33 | 10 | sn2l | 0 | alliances | An alliance is an agreement between two or more nations to support each other in a war against a common enemy. | ||
1076 | PSA | 33 | 10 | evm2 | 0 | the plans of the peoples | “the intentions of the peoples” Alternate translation: “the evil plans of the peoples” | ||
1077 | PSA | 33 | 11 | gp8c | figs-idiom | 0 | stand forever | Here “stand” is an idiom that means “endure.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1078 | PSA | 33 | 11 | ww4p | figs-ellipsis | 0 | the plans of his heart for all generations | The missing term “stand” is implied. Alternate translation: “the plans of his heart stand for all generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
1079 | PSA | 33 | 11 | vhg2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the plans of his heart | Here “his heart” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “his plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1080 | PSA | 33 | 11 | lea7 | figs-idiom | 0 | for all generations | “for all future generations.” This is an idiom that means “forever.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1081 | PSA | 33 | 12 | w4nk | figs-metonymy | 0 | Blessed is the nation | Here “the nation” refers to the people of the nation. Alternate translation: “Blessed are the people of the nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1082 | PSA | 33 | 12 | ph21 | 0 | whose God is Yahweh | “who worship Yahweh as God” | ||
1083 | PSA | 33 | 12 | k4jm | figs-metaphor | 0 | as his own inheritance | The people Yahweh has chosen to worship him are described here as if they were an inheritance that he has received. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1084 | PSA | 33 | 14 | r7tm | figs-metaphor | 0 | he looks down | The place where Yahweh lives is spoken of as if it is above the earth where people live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1085 | PSA | 33 | 15 | ch4n | figs-metonymy | 0 | shapes the hearts of them all | Here “hearts” refers to the thinking of these people. The writer speaks of Yahweh guiding the thinking of the people as if he were a potter who was shaping a bowl. Alternate translation: “guides their thinking as a potter shapes a bowl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1086 | PSA | 33 | 16 | w54n | figs-activepassive | 0 | No king is saved by a vast army | This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A large army is not what saves a king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1087 | PSA | 33 | 17 | hgn8 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | A horse is a false hope for victory | Here “a horse” represents the strongest part of the army. Alternate translation: “Having an army with strong horses does not provide security” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1088 | PSA | 33 | 18 | v87c | 0 | See | This word shows that a new theme begins in this Psalm. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” | ||
1089 | PSA | 33 | 18 | fy9c | figs-metonymy | 0 | Yahweh’s eye | Here “eye” refers to Yahweh’s attention. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1090 | PSA | 33 | 18 | y8yf | figs-idiom | 0 | those who hope in his covenant faithfulness | The idiom to “count on” means to “wait for” or to “expect.” The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adverb. Alternate translation: “those who expect him to act faithfully because of his covenant” or “those who wait for him to act because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1091 | PSA | 33 | 19 | z5yv | figs-synecdoche | 0 | to deliver their lives from death | Here “their lives” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “to keep them from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1092 | PSA | 33 | 20 | j64c | figs-idiom | 0 | We wait for Yahweh | Here “wait” is an idiom that refers to trust. Alternate translation: “We trust in Yahweh” or “We hope in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1093 | PSA | 33 | 20 | l55j | figs-metaphor | 0 | he is our help and our shield | Here Yahweh is spoken of as if he is a shield that protects soldiers in battle. Alternate translation: “he is our helper and protects us like a shield” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1094 | PSA | 33 | 21 | ujv3 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Our hearts rejoice | Here “hearts” refer to the people. Alternate translation: “We rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1095 | PSA | 33 | 21 | eu9i | figs-metonymy | 0 | in his holy name | Here “holy name” refers to Yahweh’s holy character. Alternate translation: “in his holy character” or “in him because he is holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1096 | PSA | 33 | 22 | nn9g | figs-metaphor | 0 | Let your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, be with us | Yahweh acting faithfully towards the people is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness were with them. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: “May you always act faithfully towards us because of your covenant, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1097 | PSA | 33 | 22 | jye8 | 0 | as we put our hope in you | “as we hope for your help” | ||
1098 | PSA | 34 | intro | az5s | 0 | Psalm 034 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 34 is a teaching psalm and includes thanksgiving. It teaches that living right leads to a good life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) The psalm does not relate directly to the superscription given about Abimelech. Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s helpGood people can have problems, but God brings them through these. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) | |||
1099 | PSA | 34 | 1 | p9iv | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1100 | PSA | 34 | 1 | w9ay | 0 | A psalm of David | Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. | ||
1101 | PSA | 34 | 1 | j36y | 0 | pretended to be insane | “acted like a crazy person” | ||
1102 | PSA | 34 | 1 | m4gs | figs-explicit | 0 | before Abimelech | This refers to a specific historical event that the Hebrews knew well. Alternate translation: “when he was in Abimelech’s house” or “when he was Abimelech’s prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1103 | PSA | 34 | 1 | klk3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | his praise will always be in my mouth | Here “in my mouth” refers to David speaking about Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will always praise him out loud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1104 | PSA | 34 | 2 | rk7h | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the oppressed | This refers to people who are oppressed. Alternate translation: “the oppressed people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1105 | PSA | 34 | 3 | me7c | 0 | Praise Yahweh with me | The verb “praise” is a command to a group. Alternate translation: “Everyone should praise Yahweh with me” | ||
1106 | PSA | 34 | 3 | n56p | figs-idiom | 0 | lift up his name | Here “lift up” is an idiom that refers to exalting Yahweh. Alternate translation: “tell people how great he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1107 | PSA | 34 | 3 | hjw1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | his name | Here “his name” refers to Yahweh’s character. Alternate translation: “his character” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1108 | PSA | 34 | 4 | def1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I sought Yahweh | Here “sought Yahweh” means David was asking Yahweh for help. Alternate translation: “I prayed to Yahweh” or “I asked Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1109 | PSA | 34 | 5 | t6s5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Those who look to him | Here “look to” represents seeking help from him. Alternate translation: “Those who look at him for help” or “those who expect help only from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1110 | PSA | 34 | 5 | ndy9 | figs-idiom | 0 | are radiant | This idiom refers to their appearance as being joyful. Alternate translation: “are joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1111 | PSA | 34 | 5 | caz9 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | their faces are not ashamed | Here “their faces” refers to the people who look to Yahweh. It can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “they are not ashamed” or “they are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
1112 | PSA | 34 | 6 | cib3 | figs-123person | 0 | This oppressed man | David describes himself as an oppressed man. Alternate translation: “I was oppressed and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
1113 | PSA | 34 | 6 | qw3c | figs-idiom | 0 | Yahweh heard him | Here “heard” means that Yahweh helped him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh heard me” or “Yahweh helped him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1114 | PSA | 34 | 7 | qu9z | figs-metaphor | 0 | camps around | The angel of Yahweh is spoken of as if he were an army that camps around someone in order to protect them. Alternate translation: “guards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1115 | PSA | 34 | 8 | qed8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Taste and see that Yahweh is good | Yahweh’s goodness is spoken of as something that can be tasted and seen. Alternate translation: “Try and experience that Yahweh is good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1116 | PSA | 34 | 8 | j8ma | figs-metaphor | 0 | takes refuge | Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a place where people can hide for protection from their enemies. Alternate translation: “trust him to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1117 | PSA | 34 | 9 | vv95 | figs-litotes | 0 | There is no lack for those who fear him | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Those who fear him will always have what they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
1118 | PSA | 34 | 10 | ch59 | figs-litotes | 0 | will not lack anything good | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will always have the good things they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
1119 | PSA | 34 | 11 | ge81 | 0 | sons | Here this does not refer to literal sons of the writer, but to the people he is teaching about Yahweh. Alternate translation: “my students” | ||
1120 | PSA | 34 | 12 | gmc4 | figs-rquestion | 0 | What man is there who desires life and loves many days, that he may see good? | The implicit answer to this question is “every man.” This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Every man desires life and desires to live many days and have a good life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1121 | PSA | 34 | 13 | h79u | figs-parallelism | 0 | keep your tongue from evil…keep your lips from speaking lies | These two phrases refer to the same thing and it is said in different ways to emphasize its importance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1122 | PSA | 34 | 13 | jy3g | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Then keep your tongue from evil | Here “tongue” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “Therefore, do not speak evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1123 | PSA | 34 | 13 | d237 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | keep your lips from speaking lies | Here “lips” refers to the person speaking. Alternate translation: “do not speak lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1124 | PSA | 34 | 14 | l778 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Turn away from evil | Here “Turn away” is a metaphor for avoiding evil. Alternate translation: “Refuse to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1125 | PSA | 34 | 14 | sjg9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Seek peace | Here “seek” means to be concerned about peace. Alternate translation: “Try hard to live in peace with other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1126 | PSA | 34 | 15 | x87w | figs-metonymy | 0 | The eyes of Yahweh are on the righteous | Here “the eyes of Yahweh” refer to his careful watching. “The righteous” is a reference to righteous people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh carefully watches over the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1127 | PSA | 34 | 15 | ihz6 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | his ears are directed toward their cry | Here Yahweh is represented by his “ears.” To be directed toward something means to pay attention to it. Alternate translation: “he pays attention to their cry” or “he answers their cry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1128 | PSA | 34 | 16 | b3yv | figs-metaphor | 0 | to cut off the memory of them from the earth | Yahweh will cause people to so completely forget them when they die that it is as if he used a knife to cut off any memory of them. Alternate translation: “so that when they are dead, people will forget them completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1129 | PSA | 34 | 17 | ib9f | figs-idiom | 0 | Yahweh hears | Here “hears” means that Yahweh desires to respond to them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh pays attention to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1130 | PSA | 34 | 18 | ers6 | figs-idiom | 0 | Yahweh is close | Here “is close” means “ready to help.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh is always ready to help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1131 | PSA | 34 | 18 | km9m | figs-metaphor | 0 | the brokenhearted | This is a nominal adjective that refers to people who are brokenhearted. Deep sadness is spoken of as if the person’s heart is broken. Alternate translation: “people who are very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1132 | PSA | 34 | 18 | zhw6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | those who are crushed in spirit | People who are deeply discouraged are spoken of as if their spirits are crushed. Alternate translation: “people who are deeply discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1133 | PSA | 34 | 19 | s9nw | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the righteous | This refers to people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1134 | PSA | 34 | 20 | p78v | figs-synecdoche | 0 | He keeps all his bones, not one of them will be broken | Here “all his bones” is literal, but it also implies that Yahweh takes care of the entire person. Alternate translation: “He provides complete protection for him, he will not be harmed in any way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1135 | PSA | 34 | 21 | zrq9 | figs-personification | 0 | Evil will kill the wicked | Evil is described as if it were a man who can kill people. Alternate translation: “The evil deeds of wicked people will kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
1136 | PSA | 34 | 21 | rj4c | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked | This refers to wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1137 | PSA | 34 | 21 | v5tb | figs-activepassive | 0 | Those who hate the righteous will be condemned | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will condemn those who hate the righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1138 | PSA | 34 | 21 | a6li | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the righteous | This refers to righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1139 | PSA | 34 | 22 | pl7j | figs-activepassive | 0 | None of those who take refuge in him will be condemned | This can be stated in active form. It can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive everyone who takes refuge in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
1140 | PSA | 34 | 22 | wb23 | figs-metaphor | 0 | take refuge in him | Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to him for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1141 | PSA | 35 | intro | d3ln | 0 | Psalm 035 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 35 is a prayer for deliverance. His enemies are coming against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterEnemiesWhen his enemies were sick, he tried to comfort them, but when he was in trouble his enemies use this as a time to attack him. | |||
1142 | PSA | 35 | 1 | u6dy | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1143 | PSA | 35 | 2 | uj8w | figs-metaphor | 0 | Grab your small shield and large shield | The writer describes God as a warrior who is preparing himself for battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1144 | PSA | 35 | 2 | f9eb | 0 | small shield and large shield | these are defensive weapons | ||
1145 | PSA | 35 | 3 | e4ia | figs-metaphor | 0 | Use your spear and battle ax | The writer describes God as a warrior who is preparing himself for battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1146 | PSA | 35 | 3 | qr78 | 0 | spear and battle ax | these are offensive weapons | ||
1147 | PSA | 35 | 3 | z8vr | figs-metaphor | 0 | those who chase me | Possible meanings are (1) these enemies are literally chasing the writer or (2) this is a metaphor for people who are enemies of the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1148 | PSA | 35 | 3 | k4rj | figs-synecdoche | 0 | say to my soul | This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “say to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1149 | PSA | 35 | 3 | wz6p | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | I am your salvation | This can be stated without the abstract noun. Alternate translation: “I am your savior” or “I will save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1150 | PSA | 35 | 4 | w6yz | figs-activepassive | 0 | May those who seek my life be shamed and dishonored | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh shame and dishonor those who seek my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1151 | PSA | 35 | 4 | pv5x | 0 | May those | “I desire that” | ||
1152 | PSA | 35 | 4 | s62m | figs-metaphor | 0 | who seek my life | Here “seek my life” means they desire to kill the writer. The writer is represented by his “life.” Alternate translation: “who are trying to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1153 | PSA | 35 | 4 | fq9w | figs-activepassive | 0 | May those who plan to harm me be turned back and confounded | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh turn back and confound those who plan to harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1154 | PSA | 35 | 4 | g34u | figs-metaphor | 0 | be turned back | “be turned back” here is a metaphor for being unable to accomplish their goal. Alternate translation: “be unsuccessful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1155 | PSA | 35 | 4 | mks4 | 0 | confounded | “confused” | ||
1156 | PSA | 35 | 5 | wp56 | figs-simile | 0 | as chaff before the wind | The writer’s enemies are spoken of as if they are chaff that is easily blown away. Alternate translation: “blown away by the wind like chaff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1157 | PSA | 35 | 6 | ayu2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | their way | Here “their way” refers to their lives. Alternate translation: “their lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1158 | PSA | 35 | 6 | w5gp | figs-metaphor | 0 | dark and slippery | This refers to a way that is hidden and dangerous. Alternate translation: “hidden and full of dangers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1159 | PSA | 35 | 6 | ehs5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | chases them | This refers to the angel of Yahweh being opposed to the writer’s enemies. Alternate translation: “works against them” or “opposes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1160 | PSA | 35 | 7 | h8ne | figs-metaphor | 0 | they set their net for me | The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a net that they set to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “they want to catch me in a net like a small animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1161 | PSA | 35 | 7 | j68b | figs-metaphor | 0 | they dug a pit for my life | The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a pit that they dug to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “they wanted to capture me in a pit like a big animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1162 | PSA | 35 | 7 | kw8m | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my life | This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1163 | PSA | 35 | 8 | iq5p | figs-personification | 0 | Let destruction overtake them by surprise | Destruction is spoken of as if it was a dangerous animal that would suddenly attack them. Alternate translation: “Let them be destroyed suddenly” or “Let them be surprised because you destroy them suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
1164 | PSA | 35 | 8 | d6rv | figs-metaphor | 0 | the net that they have set | The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a net that they place to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “the net that they placed in order to capture me like an animal and harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1165 | PSA | 35 | 8 | e9d9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Let them fall into it | This is the same metaphor as in verse 7. The net is intended to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “Let them fall into the pit that they dug for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1166 | PSA | 35 | 8 | n85r | 0 | fall into it | Possible meanings are (1) fall into the pit of verse 7 or (2) fall into destruction. | ||
1167 | PSA | 35 | 8 | q1k1 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | to their destruction | The abstract noun “destruction” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “so that they will be destroyed” or “that is how you should destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1168 | PSA | 35 | 9 | gv3z | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | in his salvation | The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because you save me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1169 | PSA | 35 | 10 | dy1n | figs-metonymy | 0 | All my bones | Here “bones” refers to the deepest inner being of a person. Alternate translation: “My whole inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1170 | PSA | 35 | 10 | fcx1 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Yahweh, who is like you…those who try to rob them? | The implicit answer to this question is that no one is like Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, there is no one like you…those who try to rob them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1171 | PSA | 35 | 10 | kuz3 | figs-doublet | 0 | the poor and needy | The words “poor” and “needy” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh saves many who need his help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1172 | PSA | 35 | 11 | j8nd | figs-idiom | 0 | rise up | This means they testify in a trial. Alternate translation: “volunteer to give a testimony” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1173 | PSA | 35 | 12 | ns9v | figs-metaphor | 0 | They repay me evil for good | This is a metaphor which means they give back evil in exchange for the good they have received. Alternate translation: “In return for my doing good things for them, they do evil things to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1174 | PSA | 35 | 12 | j7e3 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | evil…good | These abstract nouns can be stated in other forms. Alternate translation: “evil things…good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1175 | PSA | 35 | 12 | v5ej | 0 | I am sorrowful | “I am extremely sad” | ||
1176 | PSA | 35 | 13 | jiu2 | 0 | when they were sick | The word “they” refers to the “unrighteous witnesses” (Psalms 35:11). | ||
1177 | PSA | 35 | 13 | t4yd | 0 | I wore sackcloth | “I showed that I was sad” | ||
1178 | PSA | 35 | 13 | gt7d | translate-symaction | 0 | with my head bowed on my chest | This was a symbol of prayer. “with my head bent down in prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
1179 | PSA | 35 | 14 | zuy5 | figs-simile | 0 | in grief as for my brother | The writer was as sad as if his own brother had died. Alternate translation: “grieving as if my own brother was ill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1180 | PSA | 35 | 14 | kn9w | figs-simile | 0 | I bent down in mourning as for my mother | The writer mourned as if his own mother had died. Alternate translation: “I mourned as if my own mother had died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1181 | PSA | 35 | 14 | zqf9 | translate-symaction | 0 | I bent down | This was a symbol of pain and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
1182 | PSA | 35 | 15 | ff5f | 0 | gathered together | “assembled together” or “came together” | ||
1183 | PSA | 35 | 15 | w4hv | figs-idiom | 0 | against me | This means they came together for the purpose of attacking the writer. Alternate translation: “to make plans against me” or “to plan my destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1184 | PSA | 35 | 15 | qu3u | figs-metaphor | 0 | They tore at me | Here the treated the writer as if he were a piece of cloth that they could tear to pieces. Alternate translation: “They attacked me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1185 | PSA | 35 | 16 | l7dx | 0 | With no respect at all they mocked me | (1) “With the worthless people they ridiculed me” or (2) “Without respect they made fun of me” | ||
1186 | PSA | 35 | 16 | j13z | translate-symaction | 0 | they grind their teeth at me in rage | This is a sign of anger and hate. “they made grinding noises with their teeth at me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
1187 | PSA | 35 | 17 | x3er | figs-rquestion | 0 | how long will you look on? | This rhetorical question indicates that the writer wants God to stop simply looking on and to start to help him. Alternate translation: “how long will you only watch them doing this?” or “when will you help me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1188 | PSA | 35 | 17 | te6n | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Rescue my soul | Here “soul” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “Rescue me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1189 | PSA | 35 | 17 | ygg1 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | my life from the lions | The word “save” is implied. Alternate translation: “save my life from the lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
1190 | PSA | 35 | 17 | kep3 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my life | This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1191 | PSA | 35 | 17 | d2a8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | from the lions | Here the writer speaks of his enemies as if they were vicious lions. Alternate translation: “from my enemies who attack me like wild animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1192 | PSA | 35 | 19 | p53g | 0 | Do not let my deceitful enemies | “Do not let my enemies, who tell lies about me,” | ||
1193 | PSA | 35 | 19 | a7lv | 0 | their wicked schemes | “their evil plans” | ||
1194 | PSA | 35 | 20 | pjw3 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | they do not speak peace | The abstract noun “peace” can be stated as “peacefully.” Alternate translation: “they do not speak peacefully to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1195 | PSA | 35 | 20 | sg2n | 0 | devise deceitful words | “look for ways to tell lies” | ||
1196 | PSA | 35 | 20 | e21a | 0 | those in our land who live in peace | “those who live peacefully in our land” | ||
1197 | PSA | 35 | 20 | p638 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | live in peace | The abstract noun “peace” can be stated in other forms. Alternate translation: “live peacefully with others” or “do no harm to anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1198 | PSA | 35 | 21 | vvg2 | figs-explicit | 0 | They open their mouths wide against me | The reason they open their mouths is to accuse the writer. Alternate translation: “They shout at me in order to accuse me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1199 | PSA | 35 | 21 | b5wt | figs-exclamations | 0 | Aha, Aha | This is something an excited person says when he has suddenly seen or understood something, especially something other people did not expect him to see. It emphasizes the statement that follows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
1200 | PSA | 35 | 21 | s32p | figs-synecdoche | 0 | our eyes have seen it | Here “our eyes” refers to the enemies’ eyes. It is implied that they are saying they saw the writer do something wrong. Alternate translation: “we have seen it” or “we saw the wrong things that you did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1201 | PSA | 35 | 22 | gn7x | figs-explicit | 0 | You have seen it | Here “it” refers to the false accusations of the writer’s enemies. Alternate translation: “You have seen how they falsely accused me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1202 | PSA | 35 | 22 | tt5p | figs-litotes | 0 | do not be silent | “do not ignore what they did” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “judge them because of what they did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
1203 | PSA | 35 | 22 | a6yk | figs-litotes | 0 | do not be far from me | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “be very close to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
1204 | PSA | 35 | 23 | hkj2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Arouse yourself and awake | This does not mean that God is actually asleep. The writer wants God to intervene. Both words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the urgency of this request. Alternate translation: “I feel like you are sleeping! Wake up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1205 | PSA | 35 | 23 | g2zc | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | to my defense | This abstract noun “defense” can be stated as “defend.” Alternate translation: “to defend me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1206 | PSA | 35 | 23 | qri7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | my cause | This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1207 | PSA | 35 | 24 | h9ku | 0 | do not let them rejoice over me | “do not let them be glad because I am suffering” | ||
1208 | PSA | 35 | 25 | g22z | figs-idiom | 0 | say in their heart | This is an idiom that means to say to oneself. Alternate translation: “say to themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1209 | PSA | 35 | 25 | lj61 | figs-exclamations | 0 | Aha | This is an exclamation that is used when something is suddenly seen or understood. It emphasizes what follows. Alternate translation: “Yes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
1210 | PSA | 35 | 25 | vuc2 | figs-explicit | 0 | we have what we wanted | It is implied that the writer’s enemies wanted him to be declared guilty. Alternate translation: “he has been declared guilty just as we desired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1211 | PSA | 35 | 25 | p58l | figs-metaphor | 0 | We have devoured him | The writer’s enemies speak of his destruction as if they were wild animals who had eaten him. Alternate translation: “We have swallowed him up” or “We have destroyed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1212 | PSA | 35 | 26 | fck7 | 0 | May they be put to shame and may they be confounded who rejoice at my distress | “May those who rejoice at my distress be put to shame and confounded” | ||
1213 | PSA | 35 | 26 | p6id | 0 | May they be put to shame | “May they feel shame” | ||
1214 | PSA | 35 | 26 | m9cp | 0 | may they be confounded | “may they be confused” or “may they be humiliated” | ||
1215 | PSA | 35 | 26 | q1m6 | figs-activepassive | 0 | May those who exalt themselves over me be clothed with shame and dishonor | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May you clothe with shame and dishonor those who exalt themselves over me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1216 | PSA | 35 | 26 | y2xu | 0 | exalt themselves over me | “consider themselves better than I am” or “think they have the right to treat me badly” | ||
1217 | PSA | 35 | 26 | j7j7 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | clothed with shame and dishonor | Here shame and dishonor are spoken of as if they were shameful clothes that the writer could wear. These abstract nouns can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “shamed and dishonored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1218 | PSA | 35 | 26 | he8a | figs-doublet | 0 | shame and dishonor | These terms mean about the same thing and are used to emphasize how degraded they will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1219 | PSA | 35 | 27 | ywv7 | 0 | my vindication | Here “vindication” refers to Yahweh proclaiming or judging the psalmist innocent. | ||
1220 | PSA | 35 | 27 | f434 | 0 | may they say continually | “may they always say” | ||
1221 | PSA | 35 | 27 | zr5u | figs-activepassive | 0 | Yahweh be praised | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let us praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1222 | PSA | 35 | 27 | l9kp | 0 | who delights in | “who is happy with” or “who is glad for” | ||
1223 | PSA | 35 | 27 | ra7f | 0 | welfare | well-being, happiness | ||
1224 | PSA | 35 | 28 | b4q3 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | tell of your justice | The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as “right.” Alternate translation: “proclaim that you act in the right way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1225 | PSA | 36 | intro | a634 | 0 | Psalm 036 General NotesFormatting in this chapterPsalm 36 is a psalm of praise. It speaks of how good God is to those who love him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]]) Special concepts in this chapterGod and manEvil people do not think about God; but he is such a pleasure to all who honor him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) | |||
1226 | PSA | 36 | 1 | d19d | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1227 | PSA | 36 | 1 | hw62 | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
1228 | PSA | 36 | 1 | eg5r | figs-genericnoun | 0 | An evil man | This does not refer to a specific man, but to evil people in general. Alternate translation: “Evil people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
1229 | PSA | 36 | 1 | pzl6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | from deep in his heart | Here “heart” refers to the inner being of a person. Alternate translation: “from his inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1230 | PSA | 36 | 1 | zm16 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | in his eyes | Here “eyes” refers to the wicked person. Alternate translation: “in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1231 | PSA | 36 | 2 | fd1w | 0 | he comforts himself, thinking | “he prefers to believe” or “he wants to think” | ||
1232 | PSA | 36 | 2 | z7qc | figs-activepassive | 0 | his sin will not be discovered and be hated | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not discover and hate his sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1233 | PSA | 36 | 3 | v6yt | 0 | His words are | “What he says is” | ||
1234 | PSA | 36 | 3 | pir7 | 0 | do good | “do things that are good” | ||
1235 | PSA | 36 | 4 | d3zz | figs-metaphor | 0 | he sets out on an evil way | The sinful actions of the man are spoken of as if he was walking along a path that was evil. Alternate translation: “he begins to do evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1236 | PSA | 36 | 4 | w34n | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | he does not reject evil | Here “evil” can be stated in another form. Alternate translation: “he does not reject evil behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1237 | PSA | 36 | 5 | wiw8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Your covenant faithfulness…reaches to the heavens | The greatness of God’s covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if it were an object that reached as high as the heavens. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Your covenant faithfulness…is very great” or “You…are as faithful to your covenant as the heavens are high above the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1238 | PSA | 36 | 5 | m314 | figs-metaphor | 0 | reaches to the clouds | The greatness of God’s loyalty is spoken of as if it was very high. Alternate translation: “is as high as the clouds” or “is enormously great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1239 | PSA | 36 | 6 | s49q | figs-simile | 0 | like the mountains of God…like the great deep | These phrases describe the greatness of God’s righteousness and judgments as if they were very high and deep. Alternate translation: “as high as the highest mountains…as deep as the deepest sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1240 | PSA | 36 | 6 | e8gt | 0 | you preserve | “you help” or “you save” | ||
1241 | PSA | 36 | 7 | vs32 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | How precious is your covenant faithfulness | The word “precious” refers to how greatly the writer values Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “I greatly value how you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1242 | PSA | 36 | 8 | vy98 | figs-metaphor | 0 | They feast upon the abundance of your house | Eating much food as guests in a house is a metaphor for God providing all his people need. Alternate translation: “They will have all they need because you will provide it to them” or “You have plenty to give, and you will provide them with all they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1243 | PSA | 36 | 8 | mw7h | figs-metaphor | 0 | you let them drink from the river of your delights | There are two metaphors here. God’s abundant blessings are spoken of as if they are the water in a flowing river. Also, those who receive those blessings are spoken of as if they are drinking them like water. Alternate translation: “your precious blessings are like a river from which you will let them drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1244 | PSA | 36 | 9 | wc6m | 0 | fountain of life | “source of life” | ||
1245 | PSA | 36 | 9 | f7u5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | in your light we will see light | Here “light” is a metaphor for true knowledge. Alternate translation: “when you enlighten us, we will know the truth” or “your light is what enables us to know the truth about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1246 | PSA | 36 | 10 | d1ua | figs-metaphor | 0 | Extend your covenant faithfulness fully to those who know you | The writer speaks of Yahweh continuing to act faithfully towards the people as if Yahweh were to extend his covenant faithfulness or make it longer. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: “Continue to act faithfully to those who know you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1247 | PSA | 36 | 10 | jtd4 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | your defense to the upright of heart | The abstract noun “defense” can be stated as a verb. “Continue” is implied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “Continue to protect the upright of heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
1248 | PSA | 36 | 10 | qms7 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the upright of heart | Here “heart” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “the upright” or “people who act righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1249 | PSA | 36 | 11 | z9yf | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the foot of the arrogant man…the hand of the wicked | Here “foot” and “hand” refer to the evil people. These are not specific men. This refers to evil people in general. Alternate translation: “arrogant people…wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
1250 | PSA | 36 | 11 | a5wg | 0 | drive me away | “send me away” or “make me leave my place” | ||
1251 | PSA | 36 | 12 | mm9r | figs-metaphor | 0 | evildoers have fallen; they are knocked down and are not able to get up | All three phrases describe the evildoers as defeated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1252 | PSA | 36 | 12 | q7yf | figs-activepassive | 0 | they are knocked down | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have knocked them down” or “you have destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1253 | PSA | 36 | 12 | bmn7 | 0 | are not able to get up | “cannot get up” | ||
1254 | PSA | 37 | intro | tv7e | 0 | Psalm 037 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 37 is a teaching psalm. It provides guidance about how to live a moral and God-fearing life. It teaches that evil people do not prosper in the future. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapterEnvyDo not envy evil people. Although it appears as though they prosper, soon they will be destroyed and the good people will continue on living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) | |||
1255 | PSA | 37 | 1 | bd2s | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1256 | PSA | 37 | 1 | a1ye | 0 | Do not be irritated because of evildoers | “Do not let wicked people upset you” or “Do not be bothered by what wicked people do” | ||
1257 | PSA | 37 | 2 | y2vk | figs-simile | 0 | dry up as the grass…wither as the green plants | Evildoers are spoken of as if they are grass and plants that dry up and die in the hot weather. These two similes both mean they will die. Alternate translation: “die” or “come to an end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1258 | PSA | 37 | 3 | eb2r | figs-metaphor | 0 | graze in faithfulness | Faithfulness is spoken of as if it was an animal that would be strengthened by feeding in good pasture. Alternate translation: “nourish faithfulness” or “increase your faithfulness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1259 | PSA | 37 | 4 | pbq2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the desires of your heart | Here “heart” represents the person’s inner being and thoughts. Alternate translation: “your deepest, inner desires” or “the things that you desire the most” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1260 | PSA | 37 | 5 | wt82 | figs-idiom | 0 | Give your ways to Yahweh | Here “give your ways” is an idiom that means to ask Yahweh to control your life. Alternate translation: “Ask Yahweh to guide your actions in life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1261 | PSA | 37 | 5 | i61n | figs-idiom | 0 | act on your behalf | This is to represent another in legal issues. Here, when one trusts in Yahweh, he will defend that person and grant justice to that person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1262 | PSA | 37 | 6 | lt22 | figs-parallelism | 0 | like the daylight…like the day at noon | Both of these phrases mean about the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1263 | PSA | 37 | 6 | n8jl | figs-simile | 0 | like the daylight | This means “in full view of everyone.” Alternate translation: “as clear to see as the light of day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1264 | PSA | 37 | 6 | jt1t | figs-simile | 0 | like the day at noon | This means “as visible as the noon sun.” Alternate translation: “as visible as the light at the brightest time of day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1265 | PSA | 37 | 7 | vgp6 | 0 | Be still | “Be quiet” | ||
1266 | PSA | 37 | 9 | qq5y | figs-metaphor | 0 | will be cut off | The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1267 | PSA | 37 | 9 | ijv6 | 0 | but those who wait for Yahweh | “but those who trust in Yahweh” | ||
1268 | PSA | 37 | 9 | rvq6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | will inherit the land | The possession of the land is spoken of as if it will be received as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “will receive the land as their own possession” or “will live safely in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1269 | PSA | 37 | 10 | zbl4 | figs-idiom | 0 | will disappear | This idiom refers to the death of the evil man. Alternate translation: “will die and you will no longer see him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1270 | PSA | 37 | 11 | ma58 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the meek | This refers to the people who are meek. Alternate translation: “the meek people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1271 | PSA | 37 | 11 | bs1x | figs-metaphor | 0 | will inherit the land | The possession of the land is spoken of as if it will be received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in Psalms 37:9. Alternate translation: “will receive the land as their own possession” or “will live safely in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1272 | PSA | 37 | 12 | vej2 | figs-genericnoun | 0 | The wicked man | This does not refer to a specific man. It refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “The wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
1273 | PSA | 37 | 12 | k2zu | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the righteous | This does not refer to specific people. This refers to people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “the righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1274 | PSA | 37 | 12 | y9px | writing-symlanguage | 0 | grinds his teeth | The wicked man hates the righteous person so much that he grinds his teeth together to show his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) | |
1275 | PSA | 37 | 13 | g21a | figs-explicit | 0 | his day is coming | It is implied that “his day” will be a day of judgment. Alternate translation: “the day is coming when Yahweh will judge and punish him” or “the day is coming when Yahweh will judge and punish the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1276 | PSA | 37 | 14 | wde8 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | The wicked | This refers to the wicked people. Alternate translation: “The wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1277 | PSA | 37 | 14 | yet9 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | have drawn out their swords…have bent their bows | Both “swords” and “bows” are weapons used to attack people. The fact that they are “drawn” and “bent” means they are ready to start attacking. Alternate translation: “have prepared their weapons in order to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1278 | PSA | 37 | 14 | f2i7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | to cast down | This destruction of the needy people is spoken of as if they were clay pots that would break into pieces when thrown down on the ground. Alternate translation: “to destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1279 | PSA | 37 | 14 | r9uh | figs-doublet | 0 | the oppressed and needy | These terms both refer to people who are powerless to defend themselves. Alternate translation: “people who are not able to resist them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1280 | PSA | 37 | 15 | p5xq | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Their swords will pierce their own hearts | Swords are examples of weapons and “hearts” represent the people. To “pierce the heart” is an idiom that means “to kill.” Alternate translation: “Their weapons will be turned against them and they will kill themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1281 | PSA | 37 | 16 | d3e8 | 0 | Better is the little that the righteous has than the abundance of many wicked people | “It is better to be poor and righteous than to be wicked with great wealth” | ||
1282 | PSA | 37 | 16 | brs7 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | Better is the little that the righteous has | The nominal adjective “the little” refers to few possessions. The nominal adjective “the righteous” refers to a righteous person. Alternate translation: “Better are the few possessions that a righteous person has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1283 | PSA | 37 | 16 | w4rb | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the abundance | This refers to the wealth of the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1284 | PSA | 37 | 17 | psr9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | For the arms of the wicked people will be broken | Here “arms” represent the strength of the wicked people. Breaking their arms represents taking away their power. This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh will remove the strength of the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1285 | PSA | 37 | 18 | f64m | figs-idiom | 0 | watches over the blameless | To “watch over” means to protect someone. Here “the blameless” refers to the blameless people. Alternate translation: “protects the blameless people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1286 | PSA | 37 | 18 | ck1b | figs-idiom | 0 | day by day | This is an idiom that means “continually.” Alternate translation: “every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1287 | PSA | 37 | 19 | itw1 | figs-idiom | 0 | when times are bad | This phrase refers to disasters, such as famine. Alternate translation: “when calamities occur” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1288 | PSA | 37 | 20 | y7p7 | figs-simile | 0 | Yahweh’s enemies will be like the glory of the pastures | The writer compares Yahweh’s enemies to the flowers blooming in the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1289 | PSA | 37 | 20 | c5yy | figs-metaphor | 0 | be consumed and disappear in the smoke | The writer speaks of the destruction of the wicked as if they were weeds or wilted flowers in the field that are burned off after the harvest. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will destroy them as fire turns the weeds of the field into smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1290 | PSA | 37 | 21 | bz3p | figs-doublet | 0 | is generous and gives | These mean the same thing and emphasize the generosity of the righteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1291 | PSA | 37 | 22 | u3r4 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Those who are blessed by God will inherit the land; those who are cursed by him will be cut off | This is a contrastive form of Parallelism. Those who are blessed by God in contrast to those who are cursed by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1292 | PSA | 37 | 22 | bf1j | figs-activepassive | 0 | Those who are blessed by God | This can be stated as active. Alternate translation: “Those whom God blesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1293 | PSA | 37 | 22 | tev2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | will inherit the land | The possession of the land is spoken of as if it had been received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in Psalms 37:9. Alternate translation: “will receive the land as their own possession” or “will be allowed to live safely in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1294 | PSA | 37 | 22 | u6uk | figs-activepassive | 0 | those who are cursed by him | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh curses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1295 | PSA | 37 | 22 | n6u3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | will be cut off | The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated this in Psalms 37:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1296 | PSA | 37 | 23 | cq19 | figs-activepassive | 0 | It is by Yahweh that a man’s steps are established…commendable in God’s sight | These can be stated to show the logical connection and clarify the passive clause. Alternate translation: “If a man lives in a commendable way in Yahweh’s sight, Yahweh will establish his steps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1297 | PSA | 37 | 23 | fba1 | figs-activepassive | 0 | It is by Yahweh that a man’s steps are established | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who enables a man to be successful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1298 | PSA | 37 | 23 | c8pu | figs-genericnoun | 0 | a man…the man | This does not refer to a specific man, but to people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
1299 | PSA | 37 | 23 | na5m | figs-metonymy | 0 | a man’s steps | Steps represent the way a person lives. Alternate translation: “the way a man lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1300 | PSA | 37 | 24 | c1m3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Though he stumbles, he will not fall down | Here “stumble” and “fall” refer to the man’s reaction to difficult times. Alternate translation: “Though he has difficult times, he will not utterly fail” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1301 | PSA | 37 | 24 | k1r7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | holding him with his hand | Here “his hand” refers to Yahweh’s power, and “holding him” refers to protecting him. Alternate translation: “protecting him with his power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1302 | PSA | 37 | 25 | g5w1 | figs-activepassive | 0 | the righteous person abandoned | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh forsake the righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1303 | PSA | 37 | 25 | nq7e | figs-genericnoun | 0 | the righteous person | This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
1304 | PSA | 37 | 25 | rv2w | figs-synecdoche | 0 | begging for bread | Here “bread” represents food in general. Alternate translation: begging for food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1305 | PSA | 37 | 26 | jp6j | figs-idiom | 0 | All the day long he is | This idiom means this action is a habit of his life. Alternate translation: “He is always (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1306 | PSA | 37 | 26 | iry2 | 0 | his children become a blessing | “his children grow up to bless others” | ||
1307 | PSA | 37 | 27 | v1dr | figs-metaphor | 0 | Turn away from | To stop doing something is spoken of as if the person turned away from it. Alternate translation: “Stop doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1308 | PSA | 37 | 28 | ybg7 | figs-activepassive | 0 | They are preserved forever | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect them forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1309 | PSA | 37 | 28 | ga2f | figs-metaphor | 0 | will be cut off | The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated this in Psalms 37:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1310 | PSA | 37 | 29 | t6ic | figs-metaphor | 0 | will inherit the land | The possession of the land is spoken of as if it had been received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in Psalms 37:9. Alternate translation: “will receive the land as their own possession” or “will be allowed to live safely in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1311 | PSA | 37 | 30 | u8ut | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the righteous | This refers to the people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1312 | PSA | 37 | 30 | w34s | figs-synecdoche | 0 | The mouth of the righteous person | Here “mouth” represents the whole person who speaks. Alternate translation: “The righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1313 | PSA | 37 | 30 | hy67 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | speaks wisdom | The abstract noun “wisdom” can be stated as “wise.” Alternate translation: “gives wise advice to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1314 | PSA | 37 | 30 | xy8u | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | increases justice | The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “encourages other people to live rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1315 | PSA | 37 | 31 | bga8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | The law of his God is in his heart | Here “in his heart” refers to his deepest inner being. Alternate translation: “He treasures the commands of his God in his inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1316 | PSA | 37 | 31 | nf23 | figs-metaphor | 0 | his feet will not slip | Here failure to obey Yahweh is spoken of as slipping off a safe path and falling. Alternate translation: “he will walk safely in the way God wants him to walk” or “he will safely do the things God wants him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1317 | PSA | 37 | 32 | jz23 | figs-genericnoun | 0 | The wicked person…the righteous person | These words refer to any wicked or righteous person or to wicked and righteous people in general, not to specific people. Alternate translation: “Wicked people…righteous people” or “Any wicked person” or “any righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
1318 | PSA | 37 | 32 | w8bk | figs-explicit | 0 | watches the righteous person | Here the watching implies observing the righteous in order to do them harm. Alternate translation: “waits in ambush for the righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1319 | PSA | 37 | 33 | ea9s | figs-genericnoun | 0 | the evil person’s hand | These words refer to the hand of any evil person, not of any specific person. Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “evil people’s hands” or “the power of the evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1320 | PSA | 37 | 33 | z9fb | figs-activepassive | 0 | when he is judged | This refers to Yahweh judging the righteous man. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh judges him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1321 | PSA | 37 | 34 | eu5a | figs-metaphor | 0 | he will raise you up to possess the land | Here “raise you up” refers to God giving honor to those who wait for him. Alternate translation: “he will honor you by giving you the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1322 | PSA | 37 | 34 | lj8c | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked | This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1323 | PSA | 37 | 34 | k2fq | figs-metaphor | 0 | are cut off | The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 37:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1324 | PSA | 37 | 35 | ec1h | figs-genericnoun | 0 | the wicked and terrifying person | This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
1325 | PSA | 37 | 35 | d6gn | figs-simile | 0 | spread out like a green tree in its native soil | Here the prosperity of the wicked man is spoken of as if he were a healthy tree growing in good soil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1326 | PSA | 37 | 36 | lz97 | figs-activepassive | 0 | he could not be found | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I could not find him” or “Yahweh had taken him away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1327 | PSA | 37 | 37 | pn9i | figs-genericnoun | 0 | the man of integrity | This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
1328 | PSA | 37 | 37 | cy8i | 0 | mark the upright | “note carefully the good people” or “notice the good people” | ||
1329 | PSA | 37 | 38 | dqj8 | figs-activepassive | 0 | the future for the wicked man is cut off | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will end his family line” or “he will not have any descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1330 | PSA | 37 | 38 | pn38 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the future | This refers to his descendants. Alternate translation: “his descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1331 | PSA | 37 | 38 | al71 | figs-genericnoun | 0 | the wicked man | This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
1332 | PSA | 37 | 38 | a22i | figs-metaphor | 0 | is cut off | The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 37:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1333 | PSA | 37 | 39 | m69g | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Salvation of the righteous comes from Yahweh | The abstract noun “Salvation” can be expressed as an action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh rescues the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1334 | PSA | 37 | 39 | rjp3 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the righteous | This refers to the righteous people. Alternate translation: “the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1335 | PSA | 37 | 40 | jus5 | figs-parallelism | 0 | helps…rescues…saves | This same idea is repeated in several different ways to emphasize that Yahweh is dependable and able to give aid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1336 | PSA | 37 | 40 | qwg7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | they have taken refuge in him | Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “they have gone to him for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1337 | PSA | 38 | intro | ysy3 | 0 | Psalm 038 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 38 is a confession of sin and a prayer for deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterAuthor’s sicknessThe author was very sick and his enemies were seeking ways to destroy him. | |||
1338 | PSA | 38 | 1 | nsf9 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1339 | PSA | 38 | 1 | n1x9 | 0 | A psalm of David | Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. | ||
1340 | PSA | 38 | 1 | nd38 | figs-parallelism | 0 | do not rebuke me in your anger…do not punish me in your wrath | These phrases mean basically the same thing and the idea is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1341 | PSA | 38 | 2 | z5x4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | your arrows pierce me | The severity of Yahweh’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh had shot arrows into the writer. Alternate translation: “Your punishment is as painful as if you had shot arrows into me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1342 | PSA | 38 | 2 | w3fq | figs-metaphor | 0 | your hand presses me down | Yahweh’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh was smashing the writer with his hand. Here, “hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “your power knocks me down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1343 | PSA | 38 | 3 | c6im | 0 | General Information: | David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize the effects of this lesson. | ||
1344 | PSA | 38 | 3 | m6l5 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | there is no health in my bones because of my sin | Here “my bones” represents the body of the writer. Alternate translation: “my whole body is diseased because of my sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1345 | PSA | 38 | 4 | m7wm | figs-metaphor | 0 | my iniquities overwhelm me | The writer’s iniquities are spoken of as if they are a flood of water that covers him. Alternate translation: “my iniquities cover me like a flood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1346 | PSA | 38 | 4 | p4hm | figs-metaphor | 0 | they are a burden too heavy for me | The writer’s iniquities are spoken of as if they are a heavy load that he cannot lift. Alternate translation: “they are like a load that is too heavy for me to lift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1347 | PSA | 38 | 5 | cy8n | 0 | General Information: | David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize the effects of this lesson. | ||
1348 | PSA | 38 | 5 | yf37 | figs-explicit | 0 | My wounds are infected and smell | Here “smell” refer to his sores having a bad smell that is associated with rotting flesh. Alternate translation: “My wounds are infected and stink as they rot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1349 | PSA | 38 | 6 | z27f | figs-metaphor | 0 | I am stooped over | The pain of the writer’s wounds have caused him to be bent over as if he were an old, feeble man. Alternate translation: “I am bent over in pain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1350 | PSA | 38 | 7 | b2u7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I am filled with burning | The writer’s is so sick with fever that it is as if he is burning inside. Alternate translation: “My body is burning with fever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1351 | PSA | 38 | 7 | a9kv | figs-synecdoche | 0 | there is no health in my flesh | Here “my flesh” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I am completely sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1352 | PSA | 38 | 8 | zm7m | figs-metaphor | 0 | utterly crushed | The writer’s illness is so severe that it is as if a huge weight is pressing down on him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1353 | PSA | 38 | 8 | z68c | figs-synecdoche | 0 | anguish of my heart | Here “my heart” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “my anguish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1354 | PSA | 38 | 9 | f3ph | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my heart’s deepest yearnings | Here “my heart” refers to the writer. It may be helpful to state that the writer desires good health. Alternate translation: “My strongest desires” or “that I desire you to heal me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1355 | PSA | 38 | 9 | dqp9 | figs-activepassive | 0 | my groanings are not hidden from you | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you are able to see all my moans of sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1356 | PSA | 38 | 10 | ifg6 | figs-idiom | 0 | My heart pounds | This idiom means his heart beats intensely. Alternate translation: “My heart beats loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1357 | PSA | 38 | 10 | xnw5 | 0 | my strength fades | “I become very weak” | ||
1358 | PSA | 38 | 10 | e7ld | 0 | my eyesight dims | “I can no longer see well” | ||
1359 | PSA | 38 | 12 | bt4z | figs-metaphor | 0 | lay snares for me | The plots of the writer’s enemies are spoken of as if they were traps that they had set to catch him like an animal. Alternate translation: “set traps to catch me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1360 | PSA | 38 | 12 | xc5c | figs-parallelism | 0 | speak destructive words and say deceitful words | These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the hurtful nature of what these people say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1361 | PSA | 38 | 13 | z4gn | figs-simile | 0 | I am like a deaf man…hear nothing | The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1362 | PSA | 38 | 13 | hm4h | figs-simile | 0 | I am like a mute man…says nothing | The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1363 | PSA | 38 | 13 | s5pm | 0 | a mute man | a person who cannot speak | ||
1364 | PSA | 38 | 14 | th66 | 0 | does not hear | The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile) | ||
1365 | PSA | 38 | 14 | ir1x | 0 | has no reply | The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile) | ||
1366 | PSA | 38 | 15 | px8y | 0 | you will answer | Possible meanings are (1) “you will answer me” or (2) “you will answer my enemies.” | ||
1367 | PSA | 38 | 16 | gan3 | 0 | will not gloat over me | “will not delight over my trouble” | ||
1368 | PSA | 38 | 16 | bq5f | figs-synecdoche | 0 | If my foot slips | Here “my foot” represents the writer. The slipping of his foot is a metaphor that refers to the writer’s troubles and misfortunes. Alternate translation: “If I make mistakes that cause me trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1369 | PSA | 38 | 17 | s48p | figs-metaphor | 0 | I am about to stumble | Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) “I am so sick that I am about to die” or (2) “I will soon be ruined.” It may be best not to interpret the metaphor in the text. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1370 | PSA | 38 | 17 | sbz5 | 0 | I am in constant pain | “I am always in pain” | ||
1371 | PSA | 38 | 19 | ie1w | figs-parallelism | 0 | But my enemies are numerous…are many | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1372 | PSA | 38 | 20 | ca7b | figs-metaphor | 0 | They repay me evil for good | The actions of the writer’s enemies are spoken of as a financial transaction where they gave him evil things in exchange for good things. The abstract nouns “evil” and “good” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “They do evil thing to me after I was good to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1373 | PSA | 38 | 20 | ai9q | figs-metaphor | 0 | hurl accusations at me | The way the writer’s enemies accuse him is spoken of as if they were throwing accusations at him like rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1374 | PSA | 38 | 20 | bbb4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | pursued what is good | The writers desire for what is good is spoken of as if he were running after good things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1375 | PSA | 38 | 21 | czy3 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Do not abandon me…do not stay far away from me | These two phrases have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1376 | PSA | 38 | 21 | nrs8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | do not stay far away from me | Because Yahweh has not yet answered the writer’s request, he speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were standing far away from the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1377 | PSA | 38 | 22 | zv2x | figs-metaphor | 0 | Come quickly to help me | God is spoken of as if he is running to the writer to help him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1378 | PSA | 38 | 22 | a3xa | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | my salvation | The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “you are the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1379 | PSA | 39 | intro | z1zc | 0 | Psalm 039 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 39 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterLifeLife on earth is short. The psalmist wanted God’s healing so he can enjoy the rest of his life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) This psalm shares some characteristics of another wisdom book called Ecclesiastes or Koheleth but is more positive. | |||
1380 | PSA | 39 | 1 | lx3e | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1381 | PSA | 39 | 1 | rc8d | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship,” | ||
1382 | PSA | 39 | 1 | br39 | translate-names | 0 | Jeduthun | One of David’s chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1383 | PSA | 39 | 1 | dv6b | figs-idiom | 0 | I will watch what I say | Here “watch” is an idiom that mean “pay attention to.” Alternate translation: “I will pay attention to the things that I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1384 | PSA | 39 | 1 | s4wx | figs-metonymy | 0 | so that I do not sin with my tongue | Here “tongue” refers to the writer’s speech. Alternate translation: “so that I do not speak an offense against Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1385 | PSA | 39 | 1 | e8kh | figs-metaphor | 0 | muzzle | To “muzzle” means to keep a mouth shut. Here David means that he will not speak while he is with an evil person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1386 | PSA | 39 | 2 | fa7x | figs-doublet | 0 | I kept silent; I kept back my words | These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the writer did not speak at all. Alternate translation: “I was completely silent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1387 | PSA | 39 | 2 | k9fs | 0 | I kept back my words | “I did not speak” | ||
1388 | PSA | 39 | 3 | u5ie | figs-synecdoche | 0 | My heart became hot…it burned like a fire | Here “heart” represents the whole person. The anxious thoughts of the writer are spoken of as if they were a fire burning inside him. Alternate translation: “I became very anxious when I thought about these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1389 | PSA | 39 | 4 | vey1 | figs-parallelism | 0 | the end of my life…the extent of my days | These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1390 | PSA | 39 | 4 | bac9 | 0 | Show me how transient I am | “Show me how brief my life is” or “Show me how soon I will die” | ||
1391 | PSA | 39 | 5 | in3w | figs-metaphor | 0 | only the width of my hand | The writer speaks of his lifespan is if it could be measured by the width of his hand. Alternate translation: “only a very short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1392 | PSA | 39 | 5 | ej3j | figs-simile | 0 | my lifetime is like nothing before you | This simile states that the length of the writer’s life is so short that it does not exist. This is an exaggeration to stress how short it is. Alternate translation: “the length of my life is barely any time at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
1393 | PSA | 39 | 5 | l7in | figs-metaphor | 0 | Surely every man is a single breath | Life is short, and the psalmist speaks of it here as if it were only as long as the time it takes for a person to breathe one breath. Alternate translation: “The time that humans live is as short as a single breath of a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1394 | PSA | 39 | 6 | wkn8 | figs-simile | 0 | Surely every man walks about like a shadow | The lives of people are spoken of as if they are as insignificant as shadows. Alternate translation: “Everyone disappears like shadows do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1395 | PSA | 39 | 6 | i78f | figs-explicit | 0 | although they do not know who will receive them | Here it is implied that they do not know what will happen to their wealth after they die. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1396 | PSA | 39 | 7 | y9ll | figs-rquestion | 0 | Now, Lord, for what am I waiting? | The writer asks this question to emphasize that people cannot help him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “So now, Yahweh, I can expect to receive nothing from anyone else.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1397 | PSA | 39 | 9 | ll7d | figs-parallelism | 0 | I am silent…cannot open my mouth | These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1398 | PSA | 39 | 9 | whi2 | 0 | because it is you who has done it | “because my punishment comes from you” | ||
1399 | PSA | 39 | 10 | kf2h | figs-metaphor | 0 | Stop wounding me | God’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if God was wounding him with a weapon. Alternate translation: “Please stop punishing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1400 | PSA | 39 | 10 | hd77 | 0 | I am overwhelmed | “I am defeated completely” | ||
1401 | PSA | 39 | 10 | n2ex | figs-metaphor | 0 | the blow of your hand | God’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if God was striking him with his fist. Here “hand” represents God’s judgment. Alternate translation: “your judgment on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1402 | PSA | 39 | 11 | skf5 | figs-simile | 0 | consume the things they desire like a moth | God will take away the things they value in the same way as a moth eats a piece of cloth. Alternate translation: “consume the things they desire like a moth eats away at clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1403 | PSA | 39 | 11 | uzd7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | all people are nothing but vapor | The writer speaks of the frailty of people as if they were mist that disappears quickly. Alternate translation: “everyone is completely fragile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1404 | PSA | 39 | 12 | rx3j | figs-parallelism | 0 | Hear my prayer…listen to me…listen to my weeping | These three phrases mean basically the same thing and show how strongly the writer wants God to respond to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1405 | PSA | 39 | 12 | ae4r | figs-metaphor | 0 | Do not be deaf to me | The writer speaks of Yahweh’s lack of response to him as if Yahweh was deaf. Alternate translation: “Do not ignore me as if you could not hear me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1406 | PSA | 39 | 12 | nnj1 | figs-simile | 0 | I am like a foreigner with you, a refugee | The writer speaks of Yahweh’s lack of response as if Yahweh considered him to be a total stranger to him. Alternate translation: “I am like a complete stranger to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1407 | PSA | 39 | 13 | k2nr | figs-metonymy | 0 | Turn your gaze from me | Here “your gaze” represents Yahweh’s punishment. Alternate translation: “Please stop punishing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1408 | PSA | 39 | 13 | kfn1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | so that I may smile again | Here “smile” is associated with being happy. Alternate translation: “so that I can be happy again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1409 | PSA | 40 | intro | ik39 | 0 | Psalm 040 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 40 is a psalm of praise. Many also see it as a messianic psalm, a psalm about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) Special concepts in this chapterSacrificesGod is not interested in sacrifices but wants people to obey him and fulfill his plans for them. | |||
1410 | PSA | 40 | 1 | k46g | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1411 | PSA | 40 | 1 | q9w4 | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
1412 | PSA | 40 | 1 | yu4m | 0 | I waited patiently for Yahweh | This means the writer was waiting for Yahweh to help him. | ||
1413 | PSA | 40 | 1 | j6iw | figs-doublet | 0 | he listened to me…heard my cry | These mean the same thing, and can be combined into one statement. Alternate translation: “he listened to me when I called out to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1414 | PSA | 40 | 2 | jcv4 | figs-parallelism | 0 | out of a horrible pit, out of the miry clay | These two metaphors mean the same thing. The writer’s danger is spoken of as if it was a deadly pit full of mud. This emphasizes the danger. Alternate translation: “from being trapped in a horrible pit full of sticky mud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1415 | PSA | 40 | 2 | yav8 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | he set my feet on a rock | Here “my feet” refers to the writer, and “a rock” refers a place of safety. Alternate translation: “he provided safety for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1416 | PSA | 40 | 3 | kgu6 | 0 | He has put a new song in my mouth | Possible meanings are (1) “He has taught me the words to a new song” or (2) “He has given me a new reason to sing.” | ||
1417 | PSA | 40 | 3 | bl9j | figs-synecdoche | 0 | in my mouth | Here “my mouth” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1418 | PSA | 40 | 3 | n4gq | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | praise to our God | The noun “praise” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “a song to praise our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1419 | PSA | 40 | 3 | z44r | figs-metonymy | 0 | Many will see it | Here “see it” refers to hearing the writer sing his song about what God has done for him. Alternate translation: “Many people will hear me tell what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1420 | PSA | 40 | 4 | cal5 | 0 | Blessed is the man who makes Yahweh his trust | “Blessed is the man who trusts in Yahweh” or “Those who trust in Yahweh are blessed” | ||
1421 | PSA | 40 | 4 | z621 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the proud | This refers to the people who are proud. Alternate translation: “proud people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1422 | PSA | 40 | 4 | f9yc | 0 | to lies | The Hebrew word is unclear. Possible meanings are (1) “lies” or (2) “false gods.” | ||
1423 | PSA | 40 | 5 | x7v4 | figs-activepassive | 0 | your thoughts which are about us cannot be numbered | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can count all the things you think about us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1424 | PSA | 40 | 5 | kzt9 | figs-parallelism | 0 | cannot be numbered…more than could be counted | These phrases mean essentially the same thing. The first is stated in negative form, and the second is stated in positive form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
1425 | PSA | 40 | 6 | z1vh | figs-hyperbole | 0 | You have no delight in sacrifice or offering | This is an exaggeration to express that other things are much more important to God. Alternate translation: “Sacrifices and other offerings are not the things that delight you most” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
1426 | PSA | 40 | 6 | xz9n | figs-metonymy | 0 | you have opened my ears | Here “ears” refers to the ability to hear. Alternate translation: “you have enabled me to hear your commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1427 | PSA | 40 | 6 | mi62 | figs-hyperbole | 0 | you have not required burnt offerings or sin offerings | This is an exaggeration to show that these things were not the most important to God. Alternate translation: “animals burned on the altar and other offerings for our sins are not what you require most” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
1428 | PSA | 40 | 7 | jn6f | figs-explicit | 0 | the scroll of the document | This refers to a scroll on which was written the word of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the written scroll” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1429 | PSA | 40 | 8 | va1l | figs-metonymy | 0 | your laws are in my heart | Here “my heart” refers to the inner being of the writer. Alternate translation: “I am always thinking about your laws within my inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1430 | PSA | 40 | 9 | k2b6 | 0 | I have proclaimed good news of your righteousness in the great assembly | “I have told a large assembly of people the good news of your righteousness.” | ||
1431 | PSA | 40 | 9 | epq1 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | good news of your righteousness | This refers to the good news that God rescues his people. Alternate translation: “good news that because you are righteous, you rescue your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
1432 | PSA | 40 | 9 | gk2t | figs-metonymy | 0 | my lips have not kept back from doing this | Here “my lips” represents the writer, emphasizing his speech. Alternate translation: “I have not stopped myself from proclaiming these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1433 | PSA | 40 | 10 | vb9c | figs-litotes | 0 | I have not concealed your righteousness in my heart | “I have not kept your righteousness a secret.” This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I have openly told every one about your righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
1434 | PSA | 40 | 10 | am3c | figs-metonymy | 0 | in my heart | Here this refers to the writer’s inner being. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1435 | PSA | 40 | 10 | cn4q | figs-litotes | 0 | I have not concealed your covenant faithfulness or your trustworthiness from the great assembly | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I have told everyone in the great assembly about your covenant faithfulness or your trustworthiness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
1436 | PSA | 40 | 10 | bp5z | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | your covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful.” Alternate translation: “how faithful you are to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1437 | PSA | 40 | 10 | u78d | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | your trustworthiness | This abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “how trustworthy you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1438 | PSA | 40 | 11 | qc48 | figs-personification | 0 | let your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness always preserve me | Here “covenant faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” are spoken of as if they were living people who could protect the writer. Alternate translation: “I want your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness to always preserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
1439 | PSA | 40 | 12 | c6b2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Troubles that cannot be numbered surround me | Here troubles are spoken of as if they were objects that surround and trap the speaker. Alternate translation: “there are more troubles around me than I can count” or “more troubles come to me than I can count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1440 | PSA | 40 | 12 | ra9w | figs-litotes | 0 | that cannot be numbered | This is stated in negative form to intensify the number.See how you translated this in Psalms 40:5. Alternate translation: “that are vast in number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
1441 | PSA | 40 | 12 | ff9r | figs-metonymy | 0 | my iniquities | This refers to the consequences of his sin. Alternate translation: “the consequences of my iniquities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1442 | PSA | 40 | 12 | qng1 | figs-personification | 0 | have caught up with me | The writer’s iniquities are spoken of as if they were his enemies who were harming him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
1443 | PSA | 40 | 12 | x56q | 0 | I am no longer able to see anything | Versions differ in how to understand this difficult passage. It may mean that the speaker is crying so much that he cannot see anything because of his tears. | ||
1444 | PSA | 40 | 12 | ixl8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | my heart has failed me | Here “heart” refers to the writer’s inner confidence. Alternate translation: “I am very discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1445 | PSA | 40 | 14 | hl37 | figs-activepassive | 0 | Let them be ashamed and completely disappointed who pursue my life to take it away | This can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let those who pursue my life to take it awy be ashamed and completely disappointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1446 | PSA | 40 | 14 | l9j5 | 0 | Let them be ashamed and completely disappointed | “Please make them ashamed and completely disappointed” | ||
1447 | PSA | 40 | 14 | ff5k | figs-metaphor | 0 | who pursue my life to take it away | Here “pursue my life” means they desire to kill the writer. The writer is represented by his “life.” Alternate translation: “who are trying to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1448 | PSA | 40 | 14 | knx2 | figs-activepassive | 0 | Let them be turned back and brought to dishonor, those who delight in hurting me | This can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let those who delight in hurting me be turned back and brought to dishonor” or “Please have someone turn back those who delight in hurting me and bring them to dishonor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1449 | PSA | 40 | 14 | k5tz | 0 | turned back | “unable to continue” | ||
1450 | PSA | 40 | 15 | fqa6 | 0 | Let them be shocked because of their shame, those who say to me, “Aha, aha!” | “Let those who say to me, ‘Aha, aha!’ be shocked because of their shame” | ||
1451 | PSA | 40 | 15 | i1aw | 0 | Let them be shocked because of their shame | “I hope that they will be shocked when you shame them” | ||
1452 | PSA | 40 | 15 | rbg9 | figs-exclamations | 0 | Aha, aha! | These words indicate that the speaker has seen the hearer doing evil that the hearer did not think anyone knew about. You can use here words in your language that mean the same thing but sound different. See how this is translated in Psalms 35:21. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
1453 | PSA | 40 | 16 | az21 | figs-doublet | 0 | rejoice and be glad | These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. Alternate translation: “be very joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1454 | PSA | 40 | 16 | yq7n | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | loves your salvation | The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “love you because you saved them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1455 | PSA | 40 | 17 | v567 | figs-doublet | 0 | poor and needy | These words mean the same thing and emphasize how helpless the writer is. Alternate translation: “very needy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1456 | PSA | 40 | 17 | ep4r | 0 | the Lord thinks about me | “the Lord cares for me” | ||
1457 | PSA | 40 | 17 | a8vb | figs-parallelism | 0 | You are my help…you come to my rescue | These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1458 | PSA | 40 | 17 | g2mh | 0 | You are my help | “You are the one who helps me” | ||
1459 | PSA | 40 | 17 | zf6l | 0 | you come to my rescue | “you come to save me” | ||
1460 | PSA | 40 | 17 | c1t7 | figs-litotes | 0 | do not delay | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “respond quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
1461 | PSA | 41 | intro | q9l9 | 0 | Psalm 041 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 41 is a psalm of deliverance. The author’s friends had become his enemies who wanted to see him die but he trusted God to rescue him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) Special concepts in this chapterEnemiesThe author’s best friend had become an enemy. His enemies were happy because they were sure his sickness would result in death. | |||
1462 | PSA | 41 | 1 | y6js | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1463 | PSA | 41 | 1 | ay4z | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
1464 | PSA | 41 | 1 | bd73 | 0 | he who is concerned for the weak…rescue him | The words “he” and “him” refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak. | ||
1465 | PSA | 41 | 1 | glk5 | 0 | the weak | “weak people” or “poor people” | ||
1466 | PSA | 41 | 2 | j2lj | 0 | he…him…his | These words refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak. | ||
1467 | PSA | 41 | 3 | lt8b | figs-metonymy | 0 | Yahweh will support him on the bed of suffering | The phrase “the bed of suffering” refers to when a person lies in bed because he is sick. Alternate translation: “When he is sick and in bed, Yahweh will support him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1468 | PSA | 41 | 3 | ygd6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | you will make his bed of sickness into a bed of healing | The phrase “a bed of healing” refers to when a person rests in bed and recovers from his sickness. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, will heal him of his sickness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1469 | PSA | 41 | 5 | yg22 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | his name perish | If a person’s name dies, it means that people forget that he had ever lived. Alternate translation: “when will his name perish” or “when will people forget about him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1470 | PSA | 41 | 6 | evn1 | 0 | If my enemy comes to see me | The words “my enemy” refers to any enemy in general, and not to one specific enemy. | ||
1471 | PSA | 41 | 6 | m4zm | figs-idiom | 0 | he says worthless things | Possible meanings are (1) “he says meaningless things” or (2) his enemies say things to make him think that they are his friends when they are not. Alternate translation: “he says deceitful things” or “they pretend to be concerned about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1472 | PSA | 41 | 6 | c5vp | figs-synecdoche | 0 | his heart gathers up my disaster for itself | His enemies try to learn all of the bad things about him. Here the word “heart” refers the whole person. Bad circumstances are spoken of as if they were objects that can be gathered. Alternate translation: “he tries to learn about all of my disasters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1473 | PSA | 41 | 7 | sq8r | 0 | against me they hope for my hurt | Possible meanings are (1) “they hope that very bad things will happen to me” or (2) “they are planning to hurt me.” | ||
1474 | PSA | 41 | 8 | l22y | figs-personification | 0 | An evil disease…to him | His enemies speak of “disease” as if it were a person who has captured him. Alternate translation: “He is sick with a fatal disease” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1475 | PSA | 41 | 8 | hfg4 | 0 | An evil disease | Possible meanings are (1) “A fatal disease” or (2) “Something evil” | ||
1476 | PSA | 41 | 8 | cay3 | figs-explicit | 0 | now that he is lying down, he will rise up no more | Here the words “lying down” refer to lying in bed because of illness. That he will not “rise up” means that he will continue to lie down, which is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “now that he is sick in bed, he will die there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
1477 | PSA | 41 | 9 | jzy3 | figs-idiom | 0 | has lifted up his heel against me | This is an idiom that means his friend betrayed him. Alternate translation: “has betrayed me” or “has turned against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1478 | PSA | 41 | 10 | r3b3 | figs-declarative | 0 | But you, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up | This is a request. Alternate translation: “Please, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]]) | |
1479 | PSA | 41 | 10 | cz3d | figs-idiom | 0 | raise me up | This means to raise him up from his bed, or to make him recover from his disease. Alternate translation: “make me well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1480 | PSA | 41 | 10 | h6l4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | so that I may pay them back | The writer speaks of revenge on his enemies as if it were paying to them what he owes. Alternate translation: “so that I may take revenge on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1481 | PSA | 41 | 11 | m2j9 | figs-events | 0 | By this I know that you delight in me, for my enemy does not triumph over me | The word “this” refers to what the writer will say next. For clarity, the clauses may be reversed. Alternate translation: “Because my enemy does not triumph over me, I know that you delight in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) | |
1482 | PSA | 41 | 11 | h7zl | figs-explicit | 0 | By this I know that you delight in me, for my enemy does not triumph over me | This can also be translated in future tense, since Yahweh has not yet healed him. Alternate translation: “If you enable me to do that, with the result that my enemies do not defeat me, I will know that you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1483 | PSA | 41 | 12 | dfw3 | 0 | you support me in my integrity | “you support me because of my integrity” | ||
1484 | PSA | 41 | 12 | jj35 | figs-metaphor | 0 | will keep me before your face | The writer speaks of being in Yahweh’s presence as being in a place where Yahweh can see him and he can see Yahweh’s face. Alternate translation: “will keep me with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1485 | PSA | 41 | 13 | s4va | 0 | General Information: | This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 1 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 1 and ends with Psalm 41. | ||
1486 | PSA | 41 | 13 | xi7f | figs-merism | 0 | from everlasting to everlasting | This refers to two extremes and means for all time. Alternate translation: “for all eternity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
1487 | PSA | 41 | 13 | d4ws | figs-doublet | 0 | Amen and Amen | The word “Amen” is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. Alternate translation: “May it certainly be so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1488 | PSA | 42 | intro | mu68 | 0 | Psalm 042 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 42 is a psalm of praise for all that God has done and a prayer for deliverance from the psalmist’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s deliveranceThe psalmist praises God as he remembers what God has done for him in the past, and he puts his trust in him. He needs rescuing from his enemies. Scholars believe that this psalm is about a man in exile longing for Jerusalem. Psalm 42 and Psalm 43Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm. SuperscriptionThis psalm is called “a Maschil of the sons of Korah.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. | |||
1489 | PSA | 42 | 1 | t39i | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1490 | PSA | 42 | 1 | rt7c | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
1491 | PSA | 42 | 1 | c3mx | 0 | A maschil | This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1. | ||
1492 | PSA | 42 | 1 | h2nj | 0 | As the deer pants after streams of water, so I thirst for you, God | The author compares his desire for God to the desire of a thirsty deer for water. | ||
1493 | PSA | 42 | 1 | mi8s | 0 | pants | heavy breathing from an animal or person that is very tired or thirsty | ||
1494 | PSA | 42 | 1 | flj9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I thirst for you, God | The author speaks of his strong desire for God as if it were a strong thirst for water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1495 | PSA | 42 | 2 | xe9q | figs-metaphor | 0 | I thirst for God | The author speaks of his strong desire for God as if it were a strong thirst for water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1496 | PSA | 42 | 2 | bsl8 | figs-rquestion | 0 | when will I come and appear before God? | The author does not ask this question to get an answer but to show his strong desire to be before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1497 | PSA | 42 | 3 | mfk4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | My tears have been my food | The author refers to his tears as if they are food that he eats. This means that he is so sad that he cannot eat. Alternate translation: “My tears are like my food and I eat nothing else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1498 | PSA | 42 | 3 | nw17 | figs-merism | 0 | day and night | This phrase refers to the entire day by referring to both its beginning and end. Alternate translation: “all day long” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
1499 | PSA | 42 | 3 | hy3m | figs-hyperbole | 0 | my enemies are always saying to me | This is an exaggeration. His enemies are not saying this constantly; they are saying it often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
1500 | PSA | 42 | 3 | sa8l | figs-rquestion | 0 | Where is your God? | The author’s enemies use this question to mock him and to express that they do not see his God helping him. Alternate translation: “Your God is not here to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1501 | PSA | 42 | 4 | d12n | figs-idiom | 0 | call to mind | This is an idiom that means to remember or think about something. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1502 | PSA | 42 | 4 | k59b | figs-metonymy | 0 | I pour out my soul | Here the word “soul” refers to the emotions. The author speaks of his soul as if it is a liquid that he pours out. The phrase means that he is expressing his emotional grief. Alternate translation: “I express my sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1503 | PSA | 42 | 4 | c6f8 | 0 | the throng | “the crowd of people” | ||
1504 | PSA | 42 | 4 | gv3q | figs-hendiadys | 0 | joy and praise | This phrase uses two different words to express one idea. Alternate translation: “joyful praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) | |
1505 | PSA | 42 | 5 | xs1j | figs-rquestion | 0 | Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me? | The author refers to his inner self as his “soul,” which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. Alternate translation: “I should not be bowed down. I should not be worried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1506 | PSA | 42 | 5 | cc84 | figs-metaphor | 0 | bowed down | The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. Alternate translation: “discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1507 | PSA | 42 | 5 | fyf2 | figs-imperative | 0 | Hope in God | The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) | |
1508 | PSA | 42 | 6 | lp5z | 0 | My God, my soul | The writer begins to speak to God about his soul. | ||
1509 | PSA | 42 | 6 | s443 | figs-idiom | 0 | I call you to mind | This phrase means to remember or to think about something. Alternate translation: “I think of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1510 | PSA | 42 | 6 | u6xn | figs-explicit | 0 | the land of the Jordan | This is probably a reference to northern Israel, where the Jordan river originates. Alternate translation: “the land where the Jordan river begins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1511 | PSA | 42 | 6 | ka3s | 0 | peaks | mountain tops | ||
1512 | PSA | 42 | 6 | xh39 | translate-names | 0 | hill of Mizar | This is the name of a hill at the base of Mount Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1513 | PSA | 42 | 7 | c6aq | figs-personification | 0 | Deep calls to deep at the noise of your waterfalls | The word “deep” refers to deep waters, which here are likely the streams rushing down Mount Hermon. The writer speaks of them as if they are people calling out to one another as they hear the sound of their own descent from the mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
1514 | PSA | 42 | 7 | exq2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | all your waves…have gone over me | The author speaks of his great misfortune and sadness as if they are deep waters that drown him with one wave after another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1515 | PSA | 42 | 7 | d5k7 | figs-doublet | 0 | your waves and your billows | The word “billows” is another word for “waves.” Together the two words emphasize the greatness of the waves. Alternate translation: “all of your great waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1516 | PSA | 42 | 8 | ef4n | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh will command his covenant faithfulness in the daytime | The writer speaks of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness as if it were a person whom he commands to be with him. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will show me his covenant faithfulness in the daytime” or “Yahweh will show me in the daytime how faithful he is to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1517 | PSA | 42 | 8 | jsc8 | 0 | his song | Possible meanings are (1) “the song that he gives me” or (2) “the song about him” | ||
1518 | PSA | 42 | 8 | xm7t | 0 | the God of my life | “the God who gives me life” | ||
1519 | PSA | 42 | 9 | si6j | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will say to God, my rock | The writer speaks of God as if he were a huge rock that would provide protection from enemy attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1520 | PSA | 42 | 9 | b1ik | 0 | Why do I go mourning | To “go mourning” is to perform customs related to being very sad. | ||
1521 | PSA | 42 | 10 | bp1m | figs-simile | 0 | As with a sword in my bones | The writer describes his adversaries’ rebukes as his receiving a fatal wound. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1522 | PSA | 42 | 10 | r4wg | figs-hyperbole | 0 | they always say to me | This is an exaggeration; his enemies are not saying this constantly but are saying it often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
1523 | PSA | 42 | 10 | ae82 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Where is your God? | The writer’s enemies use this question to mock him and to express that they do not see God helping him. Alternate translation: “Your God is not here to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1524 | PSA | 42 | 11 | evd8 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me? | The author refers to his inner self as his “soul,” which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. Alternate translation: “I should not be bowed down, I should not be worried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1525 | PSA | 42 | 11 | wp6h | figs-metaphor | 0 | bowed down | The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. Alternate translation: “discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1526 | PSA | 42 | 11 | ghd7 | figs-imperative | 0 | Hope in God | The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) | |
1527 | PSA | 43 | intro | x44y | 0 | Psalm 043 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 43 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a plea for rescue from the psalmist’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterEncouragementThe author should not be discouraged because he trusts in God to deliver him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) Psalm 42 and Psalm 43Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm. | |||
1528 | PSA | 43 | 1 | il4d | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1529 | PSA | 43 | 2 | quk8 | 0 | the God of my strength | Possible meanings are (1) “the God who protects me” or (2) “the God who gives me strength.” | ||
1530 | PSA | 43 | 2 | a96e | figs-rquestion | 0 | Why have you rejected me? Why do I go about in mourning because of the oppression of the enemy? | The writer asks these questions in order to complain to God and express his emotions, not to receive an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1531 | PSA | 43 | 2 | cpw2 | 0 | Why do I go about in mourning | To “go about in mourning” is to perform customs related to being very sad. | ||
1532 | PSA | 43 | 2 | d84h | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | because of the oppression of the enemy | The word “oppression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because my enemy oppresses me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1533 | PSA | 43 | 3 | e7jd | figs-metaphor | 0 | send out your light and your truth | The writer speaks of God’s deliverance as if it were a light that shows him the way and truth that teaches him how to live. Alternate translation: “guide me with your light and truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1534 | PSA | 43 | 3 | uhy4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | holy hill | This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where the temple is located and thus to the temple itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1535 | PSA | 43 | 3 | rr6l | 0 | to your dwelling | “to the place where you live” | ||
1536 | PSA | 43 | 4 | r8lp | 0 | God my exceeding joy | “God who is my very great joy” or “God who gives me very great joy” | ||
1537 | PSA | 43 | 5 | qb88 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me? | The author refers to his inner self as his “soul,” which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. Alternate translation: “I should not be bowed down. I should not be worried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1538 | PSA | 43 | 5 | wn18 | figs-metaphor | 0 | bowed down | The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. Alternate translation: “discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1539 | PSA | 43 | 5 | z1zd | figs-imperative | 0 | Hope in God | The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) | |
1540 | PSA | 43 | 5 | dgl5 | figs-doublet | 0 | my salvation and my God | The phrase “my salvation” refers to God. If necessary the two phrases can be combined. Alternate translation: “my God who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1541 | PSA | 44 | intro | cu7e | 0 | Psalm 044 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 44 is a deliverance psalm. It is a prayer for God’s help against enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterEnemiesWhen Israel entered the Promised Land, God fought for them and drove out their enemies. Since their enemies have now defeated them, they are in need of God’s help. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) SuperscriptionThis psalm is called “a Maschil.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. | |||
1542 | PSA | 44 | 1 | gi44 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1543 | PSA | 44 | 1 | n2t8 | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
1544 | PSA | 44 | 1 | vwd3 | 0 | A psalm of the sons of Korah | “This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote.” | ||
1545 | PSA | 44 | 1 | d1rs | figs-idiom | 0 | We have heard with our ears, God | The word “ears” adds emphasis to the statement that they have heard and understood the things that the writer is about to describe. The writer addresses this statement to God. Alternate translation: “God, we have heard clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1546 | PSA | 44 | 1 | ifj6 | figs-parallelism | 0 | in their days, in the days of old | Both of these phrases use the word “days” to refer to the time period when the ancestors of the people of Israel were alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1547 | PSA | 44 | 2 | rd1l | 0 | You drove out the nations | “You forced the people from other nations to leave” | ||
1548 | PSA | 44 | 2 | w5ar | figs-metonymy | 0 | with your hand | Here the word “hand” refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1549 | PSA | 44 | 2 | sst2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you planted our people | The writer speaks of God’s causing the Israelites to live in the land as if he were planting them in the soil like he would a tree. Alternate translation: “you caused our people to live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1550 | PSA | 44 | 3 | f15t | figs-metonymy | 0 | by their own sword | The word “sword” refers to military power. Alternate translation: “by fighting with their own swords” or “by their own army’s strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1551 | PSA | 44 | 3 | ixc7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | their own arm | Here the word “arm” refers to power. Alternate translation: “their own power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1552 | PSA | 44 | 3 | cr9y | figs-ellipsis | 0 | the light of your face | You may supply a verb for this phrase. Alternate translation: “the light of your face obtained the land for their possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
1553 | PSA | 44 | 3 | ekr9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | your right hand, your arm | Here the words “hand” and “arm” both refer to God’s power. Combined, they emphasize the greatness of God’s power. Alternate translation: “your great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1554 | PSA | 44 | 3 | a1dc | figs-metaphor | 0 | the light of your face | The writer speaks of Yahweh looking with favor upon them and being kind to them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. Alternate translation: “your kindness” or “your good favor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1555 | PSA | 44 | 4 | md4f | figs-metonymy | 0 | victory for Jacob | The people of Israel are referred to by the name of their ancestor “Jacob.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1556 | PSA | 44 | 5 | cn87 | 0 | Through you…through your | “By you…by your” | ||
1557 | PSA | 44 | 5 | l9n9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | push down…tread them under…rise up | The writer speaks of his enemies’ defeat as if they are “down” and of their preparing to fight as if they are “up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1558 | PSA | 44 | 5 | u2c5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | through your name | Here the word “name” refers to God’s power and authority. Alternate translation: “by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1559 | PSA | 44 | 5 | ze87 | 0 | tread them under | “tread them under our feet” or “walk on top of them” | ||
1560 | PSA | 44 | 8 | ql57 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | we have made our boast | The word “boast” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “we have boasted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1561 | PSA | 44 | 8 | qb7z | figs-metonymy | 0 | we will give thanks to your name | Here the word “name” refers to God, himself. Alternate translation: “we will give thanks to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1562 | PSA | 44 | 9 | tw86 | figs-metaphor | 0 | thrown us off | The writer speaks of God’s rejection of Israel as if he were discarding an unwanted piece of clothing. Alternate translation: “rejected us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1563 | PSA | 44 | 10 | bc8x | 0 | spoil | resources and treasures that an army collects after winning a battle | ||
1564 | PSA | 44 | 11 | cmt5 | figs-simile | 0 | You have made us like sheep to be slaughtered | The writer compares the Israelites to sheep that people kill and eat. As sheep are helpless before those who kill them, so the Israelites are helpless before their enemies. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You have allowed our enemies to kill us like they would kill a sheep and eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1565 | PSA | 44 | 11 | k8qj | 0 | scattered us among the nations | “caused us to live in many different nations” | ||
1566 | PSA | 44 | 12 | zm14 | figs-metaphor | 0 | sell your people for nothing | The writer speaks of Yahweh allowing Israel’s enemies to conquer them as if he were selling the people of Israel to their enemies but does not require any payment from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1567 | PSA | 44 | 13 | j3ej | figs-parallelism | 0 | You make us a rebuke to our neighbors, scoffed and mocked by those around us | These two phrases are parallel emphasizing how the people among whom they live mock them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1568 | PSA | 44 | 13 | ys4c | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | You make us a rebuke to our neighbors | The word “rebuke” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “You make us something that our neighbors rebuke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1569 | PSA | 44 | 13 | z6rm | figs-activepassive | 0 | scoffed and mocked by those around us | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those around us scoff at us and mock us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1570 | PSA | 44 | 14 | d6zg | figs-parallelism | 0 | an insult among…a shaking of the head | These phrases are parallel emphasizing how intensely the nations around them mock them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1571 | PSA | 44 | 14 | cf7w | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | You make us an insult among the nations | The word “insult” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “You make the nations around us insult us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1572 | PSA | 44 | 14 | l1b9 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | a shaking of the head among the peoples | The phrase “a shaking of the head” can be translated in verbal form. Alternate translation: “something at which the peoples shake their heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1573 | PSA | 44 | 14 | d7ze | 0 | a shaking of the head | This was a gesture that people used to show scorn to others. | ||
1574 | PSA | 44 | 15 | lk1b | figs-metaphor | 0 | my dishonor is before me | The writer speaks of his dishonor as if it were an object that is always in front of him for him to see. The phrase means that he is always thinking about his dishonor. Alternate translation: “I think about my dishonor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1575 | PSA | 44 | 15 | l48m | figs-metaphor | 0 | the shame of my face has covered me | The writer speaks of his shame as if it is an object that covers him like a blanket would cover him. Alternate translation: “the shame of my face has overwhelmed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1576 | PSA | 44 | 15 | w1hq | 0 | the shame of my face | “the shame that shows on my face.” This refers to his facial expressions that his shame causes. | ||
1577 | PSA | 44 | 16 | p8lw | figs-synecdoche | 0 | because of the voice of him who rebukes and insults | Here the words “the voice” represents the person insulting him. Alternate translation: “because of what the person says who rebukes and insults me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1578 | PSA | 44 | 16 | s49c | figs-doublet | 0 | rebukes and insults | These words have similar meanings and emphasize the harsh nature of what this person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1579 | PSA | 44 | 18 | qi6w | figs-parallelism | 0 | Our heart has not turned back…have not gone from your way | These two phrases are parallel. The writer speaks of loyalty to God as if it were following him, and disloyalty as if it were turning away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1580 | PSA | 44 | 18 | mf97 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Our heart has not turned back | Here the word “heart” refers to the emotions, and specifically to loyalty and devotion. Alternate translation: “We have not stopped being loyal to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1581 | PSA | 44 | 19 | d4u4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you have severely broken us | The writer speaks of God’s punishment as if it were breaking a fragile object. Alternate translation: “you have punished us severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1582 | PSA | 44 | 19 | dfs9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | in the place of jackals | The writer speaks of Israel after God’s punishment as if it were a wild, uninhabitable place. Alternate translation: “and made our land like a place where jackals live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1583 | PSA | 44 | 19 | c511 | 0 | jackals | a type of wild dog | ||
1584 | PSA | 44 | 19 | v695 | figs-metaphor | 0 | covered us with the shadow of death | The writer speaks of death as if it is an object that casts a shadow over those who are about to die. Alternate translation: “made us so that we are about to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1585 | PSA | 44 | 20 | k5hu | figs-metonymy | 0 | If we have forgotten the name of our God | Here the word “name” refers to God, himself. To forget God is to stop worshiping him. This is something that did not happen. Alternate translation: “If we had forgotten our God” or “If we had stopped worshiping our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) | |
1586 | PSA | 44 | 20 | g9jv | translate-symaction | 0 | spread out our hands to a strange god | Spreading out the hands is a gesture that people used to worship and pray to a god. Alternate translation: “worshiped a strange god” or “prayed to a strange god” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
1587 | PSA | 44 | 21 | rv5k | figs-rquestion | 0 | would not God search this out? | The writer uses this question to express that God would know if they worshiped another god. Alternate translation: “God would certainly find out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1588 | PSA | 44 | 21 | ih8n | figs-metonymy | 0 | he knows the secrets of the heart | Here the word “heart” refers to the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “he knows what a person secretly thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1589 | PSA | 44 | 22 | mxt3 | figs-hyperbole | 0 | we are being killed all day long | The phrase “all day long” is an exaggeration to emphasize that their people are being killed frequently. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we are always in danger of people killing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1590 | PSA | 44 | 22 | exg2 | figs-activepassive | 0 | we are considered to be sheep for the slaughter | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people consider us to be sheep for the slaughter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1591 | PSA | 44 | 22 | vl87 | figs-metaphor | 0 | sheep for the slaughter | The writer compares the Israelites to sheep that people kill and eat. As sheep are helpless before those who kill them, so the Israelites are helpless before their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1592 | PSA | 44 | 23 | b9h3 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Awake, why do you sleep, Lord? | This does not mean that God is actually asleep. The writer speaks of God’s seeming inactivity as if God is sleeping. He asks the question to rebuke God for appearing not to be concerned about their troubles. Alternate translation: “Wake up! I feel like you are sleeping, Lord!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1593 | PSA | 44 | 23 | z7sm | figs-metaphor | 0 | do not throw us off | The writer speaks of God’s rejection of Israel as if he were discarding an unwanted piece of clothing. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 44:9. Alternate translation: “do not reject us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1594 | PSA | 44 | 24 | h91h | figs-rquestion | 0 | Why do you hide your face…our oppression? | The writer uses this question to complain that God appears to be ignoring them. Alternate translation: “Do not hide your face…our oppression.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1595 | PSA | 44 | 24 | hj18 | figs-metaphor | 0 | hide your face | The writer speaks of God ignoring them as if God were hiding his face so that he could not see them. Alternate translation: “ignore us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1596 | PSA | 44 | 24 | jb65 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | forget our affliction and our oppression | The words “affliction” and “oppression” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the severity of their affliction. These words may also be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “forget that people afflict us and oppress us” or “forget that people greatly afflict us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1597 | PSA | 44 | 25 | rzd7 | figs-parallelism | 0 | For we have sunk down into the dust; our bodies cling to the earth | These parallel phrases share similar meanings. The writer describes his people as lying on the ground in a posture of defeat and humiliation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1598 | PSA | 44 | 25 | f1gv | figs-metaphor | 0 | For we have sunk down into the dust | The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were objects, such as ice, that melt and soak into the dirt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1599 | PSA | 44 | 25 | q4te | figs-metaphor | 0 | our bodies cling to the earth | The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were stuck to the ground and they could not raise themselves up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1600 | PSA | 44 | 26 | gbh3 | figs-idiom | 0 | Rise up | This is a command to stand. This phrase refers to beginning to act on something. Alternate translation: “Take action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1601 | PSA | 44 | 26 | uu4n | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | for the sake of your covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “to show that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1602 | PSA | 45 | intro | hk23 | 0 | Psalm 045 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 45 is a royal psalm written for the king’s wedding day. Special concepts in this chapterBeautyThe king has a beautiful palace, and his bride is also beautiful. SuperscriptionThis psalm is called “a Maschil.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. | |||
1603 | PSA | 45 | 1 | v3sl | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1604 | PSA | 45 | 1 | p8j6 | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
1605 | PSA | 45 | 1 | f1a1 | 0 | set to Shoshannim | This may refer to a style or the tune of the music. Sometimes it is translated as “set to the tune of ‘Lilies.’” | ||
1606 | PSA | 45 | 1 | ty3v | 0 | A psalm of the sons of Korah | “This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote.” | ||
1607 | PSA | 45 | 1 | tug8 | 0 | A maschil | This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1. | ||
1608 | PSA | 45 | 1 | c73i | figs-metaphor | 0 | My heart overflows on a good subject | The writer speaks of his heart as if it were a container that overflows with liquid. The word “heart” represents his emotions, which are excited by the song that he sings. Alternate translation: “My emotions are excited about a good subject” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1609 | PSA | 45 | 1 | puh2 | 0 | a good subject | “a noble theme” or “a beautiful word.” This refers to the song that he has written. | ||
1610 | PSA | 45 | 1 | w2cc | 0 | composed | to have written or created a song | ||
1611 | PSA | 45 | 1 | chy8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | my tongue is the pen of a ready writer | The writer speaks of his tongue as if it were a pen. He speaks words as skillfully as an experienced writer writes words. Alternate translation: “my tongue is like the pen of person who writes well” or “I speak words as skillfully as an experienced writer can write words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1612 | PSA | 45 | 2 | x1mq | figs-hyperbole | 0 | You are fairer than the children of mankind | This phrase is an exaggeration that emphasizes that the king is better looking than anyone else. The phrase “children of mankind” is an idiom and refers to all humans. Alternate translation: “You are more handsome than any other man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1613 | PSA | 45 | 2 | an93 | figs-metaphor | 0 | grace is poured onto your lips | The writer speaks of grace as if it were oil that someone has used to anoint the king’s lips. The word “lips” refers to the king’s speech. The phrase means that the king speaks eloquently. Alternate translation: “it is as if someone has anointed your lips with oil” or “you speak eloquently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1614 | PSA | 45 | 3 | y2u2 | figs-explicit | 0 | Put your sword on your side | Warriors carried their swords in a sheath that hung from a belt around their waist. The sword would rest against their side. This phrase describes an action of someone preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “Prepare yourself for battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1615 | PSA | 45 | 4 | cyr3 | 0 | ride on triumphantly | The writer tells the king to ride his horse or chariot to victory. | ||
1616 | PSA | 45 | 4 | s46i | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | because of trustworthiness, meekness, and righteousness | The abstract nouns “trustworthiness,” “meekness,” and “righteousness” can be stated as adjectives. Possible meanings are (1) these are qualities of the mighty one. Alternate translation: “because you are trustworthy, meek, and righteous” or (2) these are virtues that he fights to uphold for the people whom he rules. Alternate translation: “in order to fight for what is trustworthy, meek, and right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1617 | PSA | 45 | 4 | td7g | figs-metonymy | 0 | your right hand will teach you fearful things | Most soldiers held their swords with their right hands when they fought. Here, the phrase “right hand” refers to his ability to fight, which the writer speaks of as if it were a person who can teach the king through the experience he gains in battle. Alternate translation: “You will learn to accomplish great military feats by fighting in many battles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
1618 | PSA | 45 | 4 | ij55 | 0 | fearful things | “awesome deeds.” This refers to military victories that cause his enemies to fear him and his allies to revere him. | ||
1619 | PSA | 45 | 5 | k74n | 0 | the peoples fall under you | This phrase refers to the king defeating his enemies. Possible meanings are (1) “the peoples fall at your feet in surrender” or (2) “the peoples fall dead at your feet.” | ||
1620 | PSA | 45 | 5 | zn7a | 0 | your arrows are in the hearts of the king’s enemies | “your arrows have pierced the hearts of your enemies.” The writer speaks to the king while referring to the king in the third person. | ||
1621 | PSA | 45 | 6 | d479 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Your throne…is forever and ever | The word “throne” represents the kingdom and rule of the king. Alternate translation: “Your kingdom…is forever and ever” or “You will reign…forever and ever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1622 | PSA | 45 | 6 | mh74 | 0 | Your throne, God | Possible meanings are that the word “God” (1) is a title for the king, who is God’s representative or (2) modifies the word “throne” and means “Your kingdom that God has given you.” | ||
1623 | PSA | 45 | 6 | h2tn | figs-metonymy | 0 | a scepter of justice is the scepter of your kingdom | The word “scepter” represents the king’s authority to rule his kingdom. Alternate translation: “you rule your kingdom with justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1624 | PSA | 45 | 7 | w1rj | figs-metaphor | 0 | God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness | The writer speaks of gladness as if it were an oil that God used to anoint the king. That God has anointed him is a symbolic action that represents God’s choosing him to be king. Alternate translation: “when God appointed you as king, he made you very glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
1625 | PSA | 45 | 8 | s741 | 0 | General Information: | Here the writer begins to describe what appears to be the wedding ceremony of the king and his bride. | ||
1626 | PSA | 45 | 8 | ggv6 | translate-unknown | 0 | myrrh, aloes, and cassia | These are aromatic plant substances that people used to make perfumes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
1627 | PSA | 45 | 8 | mam8 | 0 | ivory palaces | Ivory is a hard white substance that forms animal’s tusks. This phrase describes a palace with walls and furniture that people have decorated with ivory. | ||
1628 | PSA | 45 | 8 | ldy1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | stringed instruments have made you glad | The words “stringed instruments” refers to the music that people make by playing the stringed instruments. Alternate translation: “the music of stringed instruments has made you glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1629 | PSA | 45 | 9 | at3w | 0 | honorable women | These women are wives of the king who receive his approval. | ||
1630 | PSA | 45 | 9 | bvd2 | figs-explicit | 0 | the queen | This is a reference to the woman who will become queen. Alternate translation: “your bride, the queen” or “your bride, who will be the queen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1631 | PSA | 45 | 9 | w8kb | translate-names | 0 | Ophir | This is the name of a place that had a reputation for its fine gold. The location is unknown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1632 | PSA | 45 | 10 | d768 | 0 | Listen, daughter | The writer begins to speak to the queen and refers to her as “daughter” because she is a young woman. | ||
1633 | PSA | 45 | 10 | z8va | figs-metaphor | 0 | incline your ear | The writer speaks of listening carefully to something as if it were bending one’s ear towards the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1634 | PSA | 45 | 10 | u572 | figs-metaphor | 0 | forget your own people | The writer speaks of the queen no longer following the beliefs and customs of her native people as if it were forgetting them. Alternate translation: “no longer follow the customs of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1635 | PSA | 45 | 10 | zi39 | figs-metonymy | 0 | your father’s house | Here the word “house” refers to family. Alternate translation: “your relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1636 | PSA | 45 | 11 | vj28 | 0 | In this way | “and” or “so” | ||
1637 | PSA | 45 | 11 | tyk3 | figs-euphemism | 0 | the king will desire your beauty | This is a polite way to say that the king will want to sleep with the queen as his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
1638 | PSA | 45 | 12 | y2m6 | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues to speak to the queen. | ||
1639 | PSA | 45 | 12 | b5qz | figs-metaphor | 0 | The daughter of Tyre | The writer speaks of the people who live in Tyre as if they are Tyre’s children. Alternate translation: “The people of Tyre” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1640 | PSA | 45 | 13 | z961 | figs-explicit | 0 | The royal daughter | This is a reference to the woman whom the king will marry. Alternate translation: “The king’s bride” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1641 | PSA | 45 | 13 | fc31 | 0 | all glorious | “very beautiful.” This refers to the woman’s appearance. | ||
1642 | PSA | 45 | 13 | aze7 | figs-activepassive | 0 | her clothing is worked with gold | Her clothing is decorated or embroidered with gold. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she wears clothing that someone has embroidered with golden thread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1643 | PSA | 45 | 14 | chm2 | 0 | General Information: | The author continues to speak about the queen but begins to address the king again. | ||
1644 | PSA | 45 | 14 | v2p3 | figs-activepassive | 0 | She will be led to the king in embroidered dress | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will lead her to the king as she wears an embroidered dress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1645 | PSA | 45 | 14 | mrv3 | 0 | embroidered | a design made by sewing colored threads into cloth | ||
1646 | PSA | 45 | 14 | ji2m | figs-activepassive | 0 | the virgins, her companions who follow her, will be brought to you | Here the word “you” refers to the king. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will bring to you the virgins, her companions who follow her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1647 | PSA | 45 | 15 | j9m5 | figs-personification | 0 | They will be led by gladness and rejoicing | This phrase describes “gladness and rejoicing” as a person who leads others to celebrate. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Gladness and rejoicing will lead them” or “They will proceed with gladness and rejoicing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1648 | PSA | 45 | 15 | jxe5 | figs-doublet | 0 | gladness and rejoicing | These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. Alternate translation: “great gladness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1649 | PSA | 45 | 16 | x1cw | 0 | Connecting Statement: | The writer continues to address the king. | ||
1650 | PSA | 45 | 16 | jy9e | 0 | In the place of your fathers will be your children | This means that the king’s sons will replace him as king, just as he replaced his ancestors as king. | ||
1651 | PSA | 45 | 16 | wu3k | figs-hyperbole | 0 | you will make princes in all the earth | The phrase “in all the earth” is an exaggeration to emphasize that they will rule over many nations. Alternate translation: “you will make rulers over many nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
1652 | PSA | 45 | 17 | n62l | figs-metonymy | 0 | I will make your name to be remembered in all generations | Here the word “I” refers to the writer. The word “name” refers to the king’s character and reputation. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cause people in every generation to know about your greatness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1653 | PSA | 46 | intro | w4ye | 0 | Psalm 046 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 46 is a psalm of praise to God. Special concepts in this chapterGod is all-powerful, controls nature, and protects his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) | |||
1654 | PSA | 46 | 1 | pye4 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1655 | PSA | 46 | 1 | b2mp | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
1656 | PSA | 46 | 1 | t2j8 | 0 | A psalm of the sons of Korah | “This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote” | ||
1657 | PSA | 46 | 1 | q7sv | translate-unknown | 0 | set to Alamoth | This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
1658 | PSA | 46 | 1 | sf97 | figs-metaphor | 0 | God is our refuge and strength | The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “God gives us safety and strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1659 | PSA | 46 | 2 | d2ga | figs-metaphor | 0 | the mountains should be shaken into the heart of the seas | The writer speaks of the deepest part of the sea as if it were the sea’s heart. Here he describes an earthquake that causes the mountains to crumble and fall into the sea. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the mountains should shake so violently that they fall into the depths of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1660 | PSA | 46 | 3 | nvd8 | 0 | though its waters roar and rage | “though the waters of the sea roar and rage.” The words “roar” and “rage” describe the violent movements of the sea during a strong storm. | ||
1661 | PSA | 46 | 3 | v7sn | figs-explicit | 0 | mountains tremble with their swelling | The phrase “their swelling” refers to the waters of the sea as they rise and crash against the mountains. Alternate translation: “the swelling waters cause the mountains to tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1662 | PSA | 46 | 4 | x5va | writing-symlanguage | 0 | There is a river whose streams make the city of God happy | The imagery of a running river symbolizes peace and prosperity for the city of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) | |
1663 | PSA | 46 | 4 | n4fc | figs-metonymy | 0 | make the city of God happy | The phrase “the city of God” refers to Jerusalem, and represents the people who live in that city. Alternate translation: “make the people who live in Jerusalem happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1664 | PSA | 46 | 4 | ft9r | figs-explicit | 0 | the holy place where the Most High dwells | This phrase describes “the city of God.” Alternate translation: “the holy place where the Most High lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1665 | PSA | 46 | 5 | v4ku | 0 | in the middle of her; she will not be moved…help her | The words “her” and “she” refer to “the city of God.” | ||
1666 | PSA | 46 | 5 | kf8d | figs-metaphor | 0 | she will not be moved | Here, the word “moved” is the same word translated as “shaken” in Psalms v. 2. The writer speaks of the destruction of Jerusalem by armies as if an earthquake were to destroy it. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing will be able destroy her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1667 | PSA | 46 | 6 | ese7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The nations raged | Here, the word “raged” is the same word that the writer used in Psalms v. 3 to describe the waters of the sea. The writer speaks of the fear of the nations as if it was the violent movements of the sea during a strong storm. Alternate translation: “The nations are terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1668 | PSA | 46 | 6 | m4wd | figs-metaphor | 0 | the kingdoms were shaken | Here, the word “shaken” is the same word that the writer used in Psalms v. 2 to describe the effect of an earthquake on the mountains. The writer speaks of the overthrow of kingdoms by armies as if an earthquake were to destroy them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “armies overthrew the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1669 | PSA | 46 | 6 | hp6t | figs-metaphor | 0 | he lifted up his voice | “God lifted up his voice.” The writer speaks of the “voice” as an object that a person can pick up and raise into the air. This means that the voice becomes louder. Alternate translation: “God shouted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1670 | PSA | 46 | 6 | p2kl | figs-metonymy | 0 | the earth melted | The writer speaks of the earth as an object, such as ice, that can melt. Here “the earth” represents mankind, and to melt represents fear. Alternate translation: “the people of the earth tremble with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1671 | PSA | 46 | 7 | lc6w | figs-metaphor | 0 | the God of Jacob is our refuge | The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “the God of Jacob gives us safety” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1672 | PSA | 46 | 7 | nkp6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the God of Jacob | Possible meanings are (1) “the God whom Jacob worshiped” or (2) “Jacob” is a metonym for the nation of Israel and means “the God of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1673 | PSA | 46 | 9 | lwa3 | 0 | He makes wars cease | “He makes nations stop fighting wars” | ||
1674 | PSA | 46 | 9 | b5gh | figs-idiom | 0 | to the ends of the earth | This is an idiom that refers to everywhere in the word. Alternate translation: “everywhere in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1675 | PSA | 46 | 9 | v24c | 0 | he breaks the bow…burns up the shields | One way in which Yahweh will make all wars to cease is by destroying the weapons that the armies use to fight one another. | ||
1676 | PSA | 46 | 9 | gst2 | translate-textvariants | 0 | shields | Some versions understand this Hebrew word as “chariots.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) | |
1677 | PSA | 46 | 10 | y22y | 0 | Be quiet and know that I am God | Here, God begins to speak. | ||
1678 | PSA | 46 | 10 | ua4x | figs-explicit | 0 | Be quiet | In this context, these words are likely a command to the nations to stop their wars. Alternate translation: “Stop fighting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1679 | PSA | 46 | 10 | u2j9 | 0 | know that I am God | Here the word “know” means to understand and to confess that Yahweh is the true God. | ||
1680 | PSA | 46 | 10 | ssq3 | figs-parallelism | 0 | I will be exalted among the nations; I will be exalted on the earth | These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people of every nation in the world will exalt God. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People from every nation will exalt me; people all over the earth will exalt me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1681 | PSA | 46 | 11 | gl4e | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge | The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. See how you translated these lines in Psalms 46:7. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1682 | PSA | 47 | intro | j9a7 | 0 | Psalm 047 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 47 is a psalm of praise to God. Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s powerGod is powerful over all the nations in the world. | |||
1683 | PSA | 47 | 1 | l66j | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1684 | PSA | 47 | 1 | xf2n | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
1685 | PSA | 47 | 1 | uqb5 | figs-explicit | 0 | Clap your hands | Clapping your hands is associated with celebration. Alternate translation: “Clap your hands in celebration” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1686 | PSA | 47 | 1 | n5aa | 0 | shout to God with the sound of triumph | “shout to God with joyful voices.” Here the word “triumph” refers to the joy associated with victory. | ||
1687 | PSA | 47 | 3 | bqu5 | figs-parallelism | 0 | He subdues peoples under us and nations under our feet | These two phrases are parallel and mean that God enabled Israel to conquer their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1688 | PSA | 47 | 3 | j5mi | 0 | subdues | to conquer and place under the authority of another | ||
1689 | PSA | 47 | 3 | sa4s | figs-metaphor | 0 | under us…under our feet | The writer speaks of conquering other nations as if it were putting those nations underneath their feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1690 | PSA | 47 | 4 | p3vm | figs-metaphor | 0 | He chooses our inheritance for us | The writer speaks of the land of Israel as if it were an inheritance that God has given the people as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “He chooses this land as an inheritance for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1691 | PSA | 47 | 4 | e7vk | figs-metonymy | 0 | the glory of Jacob | Here the word “glory” refers to a source of pride and represents the land that God has given to his people as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land in which Jacob takes pride” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1692 | PSA | 47 | 4 | qvz6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Jacob whom he loved | The word “Jacob” refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1693 | PSA | 47 | 5 | y2zq | figs-metaphor | 0 | God has gone up with a shout | The writer speaks of God’s conquering the nations as if God were a king ascending his throne, which was located in the temple. Alternate translation: “God has gone up into the temple as people shouted” or “God has ascended to his throne as people shouted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1694 | PSA | 47 | 5 | z2zz | figs-parallelism | 0 | Yahweh with the sound of a trumpet | This phrase parallels the previous phrase. The verb may be supplied for clarity. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has gone up as people blew trumpets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
1695 | PSA | 47 | 6 | wn5w | figs-parallelism | 0 | Sing praises to God, sing praises; sing praises to our King, sing praises | The phrase “sing praises” is repeated for emphasis. You may omit the repetition if it is awkward in your language. Alternate translation: “Sing, sing praises to God; sing, sing praises to our King” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1696 | PSA | 47 | 9 | vxi7 | 0 | The princes of the peoples | “The rulers of all the nations” | ||
1697 | PSA | 47 | 9 | kg5b | 0 | gathered together to the people | Possible meanings are that the rulers of the nations (1) “gather in front of the people” or (2) “gathered together with the people” so that all may worship God as king. | ||
1698 | PSA | 47 | 9 | eew2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the shields of the earth belong to God | Possible meanings are that “shields” (1) refers to instruments of war. Alternate translation: “God has more power than the weapons of all the kings on the earth” or (2) refers to the rulers of the nations who are spoken of as shields who protect their nations. Alternate translation: “the kings of the earth are subject to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1699 | PSA | 48 | intro | wfx3 | 0 | Psalm 048 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 48 is a psalm of praise for Jerusalem. Special concepts in this chapterJerusalemJerusalem has mighty defenses. Foreign nations will be amazed. It is something to remember and testify about. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]]) It is helpful to know that “Mount Zion” is often used to refer to the city of Jerusalem. | |||
1700 | PSA | 48 | 1 | s5c1 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | This psalm is a song about Jerusalem being God’s dwelling place. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1701 | PSA | 48 | 1 | az4y | figs-activepassive | 0 | greatly to be praised | This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “people are to praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1702 | PSA | 48 | 1 | az2x | 0 | the city of our God on his holy mountain | This is a reference to Jerusalem, which was built on Mount Zion. | ||
1703 | PSA | 48 | 1 | dj9j | 0 | the city of our God | Possible meanings are (1) “the city where our God lives” or (2) “the city that belongs to our God” | ||
1704 | PSA | 48 | 2 | nl3f | 0 | Beautiful in elevation | “Beautiful and high.” The word “elevation” refers to how high mount Zion is. | ||
1705 | PSA | 48 | 2 | y3e3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the joy of the whole earth, is Mount Zion | Here the word “earth” refers to everyone living on the earth. The word “joy” may be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Mount Zion gives joy to everyone on earth” or “everyone on earth rejoices because of Mount Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1706 | PSA | 48 | 2 | r8gx | 0 | on the sides of the north | Possible meanings are that this phrase (1) refers to the direction of the north or (2) is another name for Mount Zion meaning “the mountain of God.” | ||
1707 | PSA | 48 | 3 | qb5z | figs-metaphor | 0 | God has made himself known in her palaces as a refuge | The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “God has made himself known as one who gives safety to the people in Mount Zion’s palaces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1708 | PSA | 48 | 4 | lw4p | 0 | see | The word “see” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. | ||
1709 | PSA | 48 | 4 | fnx9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | assembled themselves | Here the kings represent their armies. Alternate translation: “assembled their armies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1710 | PSA | 48 | 4 | yk23 | 0 | they passed by together | “together they passed by Jerusalem” | ||
1711 | PSA | 48 | 5 | q1px | 0 | They saw it | “They saw Jerusalem” | ||
1712 | PSA | 48 | 5 | k5fi | 0 | dismayed | greatly troubled | ||
1713 | PSA | 48 | 6 | xy4p | figs-personification | 0 | Trembling took hold of them there | The writer speaks of the kings’ fear as if it were a person who caused the kings and their armies to tremble. Alternate translation: “There they trembled with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
1714 | PSA | 48 | 6 | ees5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | pain as when a woman is in labor | The writer speaks of the kings’ fear as if it were the pain that a woman experiences in childbirth and speaks of that pain as if it were a person. The verb may be supplied from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “pain took hold of them, as when a woman is in labor” or “they became afraid, like a woman is afraid of experiencing labor pains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
1715 | PSA | 48 | 7 | e8iv | figs-metaphor | 0 | With the east wind you break the ships of Tarshish | Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the author describes the kings being afraid as if they were ships that shake because God destroys them with a strong wind. Alternate translation: “They shook with fear, as the ships of Tarshish shake when you break them with the east wind” or (2) this is an apostrophe in which the author describes God’s great power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) | |
1716 | PSA | 48 | 7 | qp44 | 0 | the east wind | Possible meanings are (1) “a wind blowing from the east” or (2) “a strong wind.” | ||
1717 | PSA | 48 | 7 | n4q7 | 0 | the ships of Tarshish | Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) ships that sail to or are built in the city of Tarshish or (2) any large ocean-going ship. | ||
1718 | PSA | 48 | 8 | b3ds | figs-explicit | 0 | As we have heard | It is implied that what they have heard is the great things that God has done in the past. Alternate translation: “As we have heard about the great things that God has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1719 | PSA | 48 | 8 | g7aa | figs-explicit | 0 | so have we seen | This means that they have seen the proof that the things that they have heard are true. Alternate translation: “so we have seen God do great things now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1720 | PSA | 48 | 8 | pr7i | figs-parallelism | 0 | in the city of Yahweh of hosts, in the city of our God | Both of these phrases refer to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in the city of our God, Yahweh of hosts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1721 | PSA | 48 | 8 | pa6r | 0 | establish it | “make it secure.” Here the word “establish means to preserve and make something secure. | ||
1722 | PSA | 48 | 9 | fec8 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | your covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “how faithful you are to your covenant” or “how faithful you are to us because of your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1723 | PSA | 48 | 9 | wf6y | 0 | in the middle of your temple | “as we are in your temple” | ||
1724 | PSA | 48 | 10 | wrg5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | As your name is…so is your praise to the ends of the earth | Here the word “name” represents God’s character and reputation. The two phrases compare the greatness of God’s reputation with how greatly people praise him. Alternate translation: “Your name is very great…and so people throughout the world praise you greatly” or “People all throughout the world have heard of you…so people throughout the world praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1725 | PSA | 48 | 10 | qf2g | figs-idiom | 0 | to the ends of the earth | This is an idiomatic expression that means everywhere in the word. See how you translated this in Psalms 46:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1726 | PSA | 48 | 10 | w3p6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | your right hand is full of righteousness | The writer speaks of righteousness as if it were an object that God could hold in his hand. Here the word “hand” refers to God’s power and authority to rule. Alternate translation: “you rule with righteousness” or “you are righteous as you rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1727 | PSA | 48 | 11 | w7c2 | figs-personification | 0 | Let Mount Zion be glad | The writer speaks of Mount Zion as if it were a person who could be glad. The phrase refers to the people who live in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Let those who live on Mount Zion be glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1728 | PSA | 48 | 11 | csq8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | let the daughters of Judah rejoice | The writer speaks of the towns in Judah as if they were Judah’s children. The phrase refers to the people who live in those towns. Alternate translation: “let the people who live in the cities of Judah rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1729 | PSA | 48 | 12 | r196 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Walk around Mount Zion, go round about her | These two phrases are parallel. Alternate translation: “Walk all the way around Mount Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1730 | PSA | 48 | 13 | d5xm | 0 | notice well | “notice in detail” | ||
1731 | PSA | 48 | 14 | wub8 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | he will be our guide | The word “guide” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he will guide us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1732 | PSA | 48 | 14 | rmz8 | 0 | to death | Possible meanings are (1) “until we die” or (2) “forever.” | ||
1733 | PSA | 49 | intro | r9r3 | 0 | Psalm 049 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 49 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapterRichesRiches do not last forever. They cannot save a person from death, and they cannot be taken from a person at death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) | |||
1734 | PSA | 49 | 1 | wm6j | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1735 | PSA | 49 | 1 | f4gj | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
1736 | PSA | 49 | 1 | a8dr | figs-parallelism | 0 | Hear this, all you peoples; give ear, all you inhabitants | These two phrases are parallel. Together they strengthen the command for all people to listen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1737 | PSA | 49 | 1 | ski6 | figs-idiom | 0 | give ear | This idiomatic expression means to use one’s ears to listen. Alternate translation: “listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1738 | PSA | 49 | 2 | f6b7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | both low and high | The writer speaks of people who are weak or insignificant in society as being low and of people who are important and powerful as being high. Together, the words “low” and “high” represent all people. Alternate translation: “both important people and unimportant people” or “people of every social class” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
1739 | PSA | 49 | 2 | cq6d | figs-merism | 0 | rich and poor together | Together the words “rich” and “poor” refer to all people, regardless of wealth. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
1740 | PSA | 49 | 3 | r7z1 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | My mouth will speak wisdom | Here the word “mouth” refers to the whole person who speaks. Alternate translation: “I will speak wise words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1741 | PSA | 49 | 3 | hx37 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the meditation of my heart will be of understanding | Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. The abstract nouns “meditation” and “understanding” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “the thoughts upon which I meditate will help you to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1742 | PSA | 49 | 4 | wva9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | incline my ear | The writer speaks of listening carefully to something as if it were bending one’s ear towards the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1743 | PSA | 49 | 4 | ge9u | 0 | with the harp | “as I play the harp” | ||
1744 | PSA | 49 | 5 | yhr6 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Why should I fear…heels? | The writer asks this question to emphasize that he has no reason to fear when bad things happen. Alternate translation: “I have no reason to fear…heels.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1745 | PSA | 49 | 5 | vu7z | 0 | the days of evil | “when evil things happen.” Here the word “days” refers to general periods of time. | ||
1746 | PSA | 49 | 5 | ug31 | figs-metaphor | 0 | when iniquity surrounds me at my heels | Possible meanings are (1) the writer speaks of the evil desires of his enemies as if it were a predator ready to overtake him. Alternate translation: “when the iniquity of sinful men is ready to overcome me” or (2) the writer’s enemies surround him as they commit their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when my enemies surround me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1747 | PSA | 49 | 6 | z2gn | figs-explicit | 0 | those who trust in their wealth | These people trust their wealth will keep them from having to suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1748 | PSA | 49 | 6 | w369 | 0 | about the amount of their riches | a large amount of something | ||
1749 | PSA | 49 | 7 | mmh3 | 0 | It is certain that no one | “There is no way that any of them can” or Alternate translation: “No one can” | ||
1750 | PSA | 49 | 7 | cj1n | figs-explicit | 0 | no one can redeem his brother or give God a ransom for him | Both of these phrases express that a person cannot give God enough money to be able to avoid death. Alternate translation: “no one can pay money to God so that their brother will not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1751 | PSA | 49 | 8 | n5rb | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the redemption of one’s life is costly | The word “redemption” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “it costs too much to redeem a person’s life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1752 | PSA | 49 | 9 | nw4t | 0 | so that his body should not decay | This refers to the body decomposing in the grave. | ||
1753 | PSA | 49 | 10 | q1ib | figs-metaphor | 0 | he will see decay | The writer speaks of experiencing something as if it were seeing that thing. Alternate translation: “he will die and his body will decay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1754 | PSA | 49 | 10 | v4i4 | figs-merism | 0 | Wise men die; the fool and the brute alike perish | The author refers to all people by referring to those who have the most and least wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
1755 | PSA | 49 | 10 | vpc1 | 0 | brute | This means a person who is stupid or unintelligent. | ||
1756 | PSA | 49 | 11 | lu71 | 0 | Their inner thought | “Their belief” | ||
1757 | PSA | 49 | 11 | brb9 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | the places where they live, to all generations | The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “the places where they live will continue to all generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
1758 | PSA | 49 | 11 | zu1i | figs-idiom | 0 | they call their lands after their own names | “they name their lands after themselves.” This phrase expresses ownership. Alternate translation: “they own their own lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1759 | PSA | 49 | 12 | ma8l | 0 | But man, having wealth | “But man, even if he has wealth” | ||
1760 | PSA | 49 | 13 | chs8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | This, their way, is their folly | The writer speaks of the fate of fools as if it is the destination at the end of the path on which they walk. Alternate translation: “This is the fate of those who practice folly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1761 | PSA | 49 | 13 | aze6 | 0 | yet after them | “yet after they die” | ||
1762 | PSA | 49 | 14 | z1qc | 0 | General Information: | The author continues to describe people who believe their wealth will save them. | ||
1763 | PSA | 49 | 14 | yp7j | figs-simile | 0 | Like sheep | The writer compares people who will all die to a flock of sheep. Just as sheep cannot escape when the butcher decides to slaughter them, so men will not escape when it is their time to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1764 | PSA | 49 | 14 | le72 | figs-activepassive | 0 | they are appointed | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has appointed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1765 | PSA | 49 | 14 | jp6p | figs-personification | 0 | death will be their shepherd | The writer speaks of men dying by personifying death as a shepherd who leads them into the grave. Alternate translation: “death will take them away as a shepherd leads away sheep to be slaughtered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1766 | PSA | 49 | 14 | fu5c | figs-metaphor | 0 | in the morning | Here the word “morning” is a metaphor that refers to a time when God will vindicate righteous people and save them from evil people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1767 | PSA | 49 | 14 | xwx2 | figs-personification | 0 | their bodies will be consumed in Sheol | The writer speaks of Sheol, the place of the dead, as if it were a person or animal. He speaks of the decay of dead bodies as if Sheol were eating them. Alternate translation: “their bodies will decompose in the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1768 | PSA | 49 | 15 | hdm9 | figs-personification | 0 | God will redeem my life from the power of Sheol | The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. From the context, it is implied that this power refers to consuming the bodies of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
1769 | PSA | 49 | 15 | vf45 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | God will redeem my life | Here the word “life” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “God will redeem me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1770 | PSA | 49 | 16 | gm8v | 0 | the glory of his house increases | The word “glory” here refers to wealth or riches. Possible meanings are (1) “when he gains more wealth in his house” or (2) “when his family becomes richer.” | ||
1771 | PSA | 49 | 17 | a1l5 | 0 | he will take nothing away | “he will take nothing with him to the grave” | ||
1772 | PSA | 49 | 17 | cz54 | figs-euphemism | 0 | his glory will not go down after him | The phrase “go down” refers to when the man dies. Alternate translation: “his glory will not go along with him when he dies” or “he will not keep his reputation when he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
1773 | PSA | 49 | 18 | eq9c | figs-synecdoche | 0 | He blessed his soul | Here the word “soul” refers to the whole person. This phrase means that he considered himself to be happy and successful because of his riches. Alternate translation: “He congratulated himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1774 | PSA | 49 | 19 | hq9g | figs-euphemism | 0 | he will go to the generation of his fathers | “he will go to where his fathers’ generation is.” This is a euphemism that means that the rich man will die and join his ancestors in the grave. Alternate translation: “he will join his ancestors in the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
1775 | PSA | 49 | 19 | dvh8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | they will never see the light again | The word “they” refers to the rich man and his ancestors. The word “light” may refer to the sun or be a metaphor for life. Alternate translation: “they will never see the sun again” or “they will never live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1776 | PSA | 50 | intro | cbd7 | 0 | Psalm 050 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 50 is a wisdom psalm. It tells what pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapterSacrificesGod does not need animal sacrifices; he does not eat meat or drink blood. The world and everything in it belong to God. He wants people to be thankful and to depend on him. God rejects evil people who reject his covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) | |||
1777 | PSA | 50 | 1 | v4hj | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | This psalm is a song that teaches people. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1778 | PSA | 50 | 1 | wpn8 | 0 | The Mighty One, God, Yahweh | The author uses three different names to speak of God. | ||
1779 | PSA | 50 | 1 | s58x | figs-metonymy | 0 | called the earth | Here the word “earth” refers to the people who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “called all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1780 | PSA | 50 | 1 | ycf8 | figs-merism | 0 | from the rising of the sun to its setting | This phrase refers to the directions east, where the sun rises, and west, where the sun sets. The writer uses these two extremes to represent everywhere on earth. Alternate translation: “everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
1781 | PSA | 50 | 2 | k7vg | 0 | Zion, the perfection of beauty | Possible meanings are (1) “Zion, whose beauty is perfect” or (2) “Zion, the most beautiful city.” | ||
1782 | PSA | 50 | 2 | k22a | figs-metaphor | 0 | God has shone | The writer speaks of God as if he were a light that shines. This refers to God causing people to know about his glory. Alternate translation: “God’s glory shines like a light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1783 | PSA | 50 | 3 | ymh5 | figs-litotes | 0 | does not stay silent | The writer uses this negative statement to emphasize the positive. Alternate translation: “speaks so that everyone can hear him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
1784 | PSA | 50 | 3 | m31d | figs-metaphor | 0 | a fire devours before him | The writer speaks of a fire burning things as if it were eating them. Alternate translation: “a fire burns in front of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1785 | PSA | 50 | 3 | pw8f | 0 | it is very stormy around him | “there is a great storm around him” | ||
1786 | PSA | 50 | 4 | d22v | figs-metonymy | 0 | He calls to the heavens above and to the earth | Possible meanings are (1) God is calling on all who live in heaven and on earth to be witnesses as he judges his people or (2) God is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses as he judges his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
1787 | PSA | 50 | 6 | fxq3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | The heavens will declare | Possible meanings are (1) the writer uses the word “heavens” to refer to the angels who live there or (2) the writer speaks of “the heavens” as if they are a person who testifies about God’s righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
1788 | PSA | 50 | 8 | ef2a | 0 | I will not reprove you for your sacrifices | “I will reprove you, but not for your sacrifices.” God explains that their sacrifices are not the reason that he is reproving them. | ||
1789 | PSA | 50 | 8 | s2pk | 0 | reprove | tell someone he is guilty of doing wrong | ||
1790 | PSA | 50 | 8 | m19c | figs-idiom | 0 | your burnt offerings are always before me | This explains why God is not rebuking them for their sacrifices. The phrase “are always before me” refers to being in God’s presence and means that his people are always sacrificing their burnt offerings to him. Alternate translation: “you are always sacrificing burnt offerings to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1791 | PSA | 50 | 9 | a3jw | 0 | folds | areas surrounded by walls in which sheep and goats are kept | ||
1792 | PSA | 50 | 10 | sbr7 | figs-hyperbole | 0 | the cattle on a thousand hills | The phrase “on a thousand hills” does not represent the total number of cattle that God owns. The number is an exaggeration that emphasizes that God owns all of the cattle in the world. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “all the cattle in the world are mine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
1793 | PSA | 50 | 10 | f9vg | translate-numbers | 0 | thousand hills | “1,000 hills” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
1794 | PSA | 50 | 11 | dx4m | figs-idiom | 0 | I know all the birds | Here the word “know” implies ownership. Alternate translation: “I own all the birds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1795 | PSA | 50 | 12 | gaw2 | figs-hypo | 0 | If I were hungry | This describes something that could not happen, since God does not get hungry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) | |
1796 | PSA | 50 | 13 | ybv9 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Will I eat the flesh of bulls or drink the blood of goats? | God asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not do these things and so has no need for their sacrifices. Alternate translation: “I do not eat the flesh of bulls or drink the blood of goats.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1797 | PSA | 50 | 14 | tja9 | figs-123person | 0 | Offer to God | Here God refers to himself. Alternate translation: “Offer to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
1798 | PSA | 50 | 14 | hz6p | figs-metaphor | 0 | pay your vows to the Most High | The writer speaks of “vows” as if they are currency which a person pays to God. Alternate translation: “fulfill your vows to the Most High” or “do what you have promised the Most High to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1799 | PSA | 50 | 15 | si2v | figs-idiom | 0 | in the day of trouble | Here the word “day” refers to any period of time. Alternate translation: “whenever you have troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1800 | PSA | 50 | 16 | ab6c | figs-123person | 0 | But to the wicked God says | Here God is still speaking and speaks of himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “But to the wicked I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
1801 | PSA | 50 | 16 | ww85 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | to the wicked | The word “wicked” refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “to wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1802 | PSA | 50 | 16 | mat4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | have taken my covenant in your mouth | God speaks of wicked people reciting the words of his covenant as if they are putting the covenant in their mouth. Alternate translation: “talk about my covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1803 | PSA | 50 | 17 | zuf2 | figs-rquestion | 0 | since you hate instruction and throw my words away | This is the end of the rhetorical question begun with the words “What have you to do” (Psalms 50:16). God uses this question to rebuke wicked people. This question can be turned into a statement: “It is not right for you to declare my statutes and my covenant, since you hate instruction and throw my words away.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1804 | PSA | 50 | 17 | l69z | figs-metaphor | 0 | throw my words away | God speaks of the wicked people rejecting what he says as if they were throwing away trash. Alternate translation: “reject what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1805 | PSA | 50 | 18 | v2nw | figs-idiom | 0 | you agree with him | Possible meanings are (1) that they approve of the thief’s actions. Alternate translation: “you approve or him” or (2) that they join the thief in their actions. Alternate translation: “you join him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1806 | PSA | 50 | 19 | p5te | figs-metaphor | 0 | You give your mouth to evil | God speaks of a person speaking evil things as if that person’s mouth is a messenger whom the person sends to do evil things. Alternate translation: “You are always saying evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1807 | PSA | 50 | 19 | eu22 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | your tongue expresses deceit | The word “tongue” represents the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “you are always telling lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1808 | PSA | 50 | 20 | zjx3 | figs-parallelism | 0 | You sit and speak against your brother; you slander your own mother’s son | These two phrases have the same meaning but use different words. God accuses them of speaking falsely against members of their own family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1809 | PSA | 50 | 20 | ea7a | figs-idiom | 0 | You sit and speak | To “sit and speak” against someone implies that this person deliberately thinks of bad things to say about someone. Alternate translation: “You always think of ways to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1810 | PSA | 50 | 21 | br29 | figs-explicit | 0 | you thought that I was someone just like yourself | Since God had kept silent and not yet rebuked the wicked people for their actions, they thought that God approved of what they did. Alternate translation: “you thought that I was someone who acts just like you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1811 | PSA | 50 | 21 | w99y | 0 | reprove | tell someone he is guilty of doing wrong | ||
1812 | PSA | 50 | 21 | j3hc | figs-idiom | 0 | bring up…all the things you have done | God speaks of listing all of the evil things that they have done. Alternate translation: “list…all the things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1813 | PSA | 50 | 21 | pf7h | figs-idiom | 0 | right before your eyes | Here, to be “before your eyes” means that it is in a place where they can see. This means that they will not be able to deny the charges that God brings against them. Alternate translation: “right in front of you” or “so that you can not deny them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1814 | PSA | 50 | 22 | jz7u | figs-metaphor | 0 | you who forget God | God speaks of the wicked rejecting him as if they have forgotten him. He speaks of himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “you who reject me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
1815 | PSA | 50 | 22 | ql5f | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will tear you to pieces | God speaks of destroying the wicked as if he were a lion eating its prey. Alternate translation: “I will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1816 | PSA | 50 | 23 | u8xr | figs-metaphor | 0 | plans his path in the right way | God speaks of a the way a person lives as if it were a path that the person travels. Alternate translation: “lives his life the right way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1817 | PSA | 50 | 23 | u5xv | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | I will show God’s salvation | The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as “save.” God refers to himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “I will save him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
1818 | PSA | 51 | intro | uij8 | 0 | Psalm 051 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 51 is a psalm of repentance from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Special concepts in this chapterRepentanceThe psalmist is truly sorry for having sinned. He repented and God forgave his sins. God wants true sorrow for having sinned, not sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]]) Author of PsalmScholars are divided over whether this psalm was authored by King David as is mentioned by the superscription. If nothing else, we can assume the last two verses were added later since Jerusalem is intact with well-built walls during King David’s reign. | |||
1819 | PSA | 51 | 1 | v8pw | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. In this psalm David asks God for forgiveness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1820 | PSA | 51 | 1 | rl6b | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
1821 | PSA | 51 | 1 | ia5j | 0 | A psalm of David | Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. | ||
1822 | PSA | 51 | 1 | sf45 | figs-explicit | 0 | when Nathan the prophet came to him | It can be stated clearly what Nathan did when he came to David, because this psalm is in response to that. Alternate translation: “when Nathan the prophet came to David and rebuked him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1823 | PSA | 51 | 1 | dlr2 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | because of your covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1824 | PSA | 51 | 1 | pm2w | 0 | for the sake of the multitude of your merciful actions | “because you do so many merciful things” | ||
1825 | PSA | 51 | 1 | jan2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | blot out my transgressions | Forgiving sins is spoken of as either (1) blotting them out or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: “forgive my sins like someone wiping something away” or “forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1826 | PSA | 51 | 2 | rtj9 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity…cleanse me from my sin | These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1827 | PSA | 51 | 2 | q5ks | figs-metaphor | 0 | Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity | Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. Alternate translation: “Wash away all my sin” or “Forgive all my sins so that I will be acceptable to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1828 | PSA | 51 | 2 | h3by | 0 | thoroughly | completely, totally | ||
1829 | PSA | 51 | 2 | ja25 | figs-metaphor | 0 | cleanse me from my sin | Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. Alternate translation: “Make me clean from my sin” or “forgive me for my sin so that I will be clean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1830 | PSA | 51 | 3 | qpz2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | my sin is always before me | Not being able to forget his sins is spoken of as if they were always in front of him where he can see them. Alternate translation: “I am always aware of my sins” or “I cannot forget my sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1831 | PSA | 51 | 4 | t9px | figs-metaphor | 0 | what is evil in your sight | The word “sight” here represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of David’s actions. Alternate translation: “what you judge to be evil” or “what you consider to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1832 | PSA | 51 | 5 | j8f9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I was born in iniquity | Being a sinner is spoken of as being in iniquity. Alternate translation: “I was already a sinner when I was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1833 | PSA | 51 | 5 | i2cz | figs-metaphor | 0 | as soon as my mother conceived me, I was in sin | Being a sinner is spoken of as being in sin. Alternate translation: “even when my mother conceived me, I was a sinner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1834 | PSA | 51 | 6 | w9f4 | 0 | See, you desire trustworthiness | The use of “See” here draw our attention to the contrast between this sentence and “See, I was born in iniquity” (verse 5). “Truly I was born in iniquity…But you desire trustworthiness” | ||
1835 | PSA | 51 | 6 | kqg1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | you desire trustworthiness in my inner self | The “inner self” represents either (1) the person’s desires or (2) the whole person. Alternate translation: “you want me to desire trustworthiness” or “you want me to be trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1836 | PSA | 51 | 7 | fc52 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Purify me…I will be clean…wash me…I will be whiter than snow | Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean or white. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1837 | PSA | 51 | 7 | v7q2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Purify me with hyssop | The writer speaks of God as if God were a priest who would sprinkle water on him to make him acceptable to God. Alternate translation: “Make me acceptable by sprinkling water on me with hyssop” or “Forgive me for my sins so that I will be acceptable to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1838 | PSA | 51 | 7 | im87 | translate-unknown | 0 | hyssop | This is a plant that the priests used to sprinkle water or blood on people or things to make them ceremonially clean, that is, acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
1839 | PSA | 51 | 7 | l5n6 | figs-simile | 0 | whiter than snow | Not having sin is spoken of as being white. Alternate translation: “very, very white” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1840 | PSA | 51 | 8 | g7v8 | figs-doublet | 0 | joy and gladness | These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize his desire to hear joyful things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1841 | PSA | 51 | 8 | p4ef | figs-metaphor | 0 | so that the bones that you have broken may rejoice | Feeling terrible sadness is spoken of as if his bones were broken. Alternate translation: “for you have caused me terrible sadness in my inner being. Let me rejoice again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1842 | PSA | 51 | 9 | gs6c | figs-metaphor | 0 | Hide your face from my sins | Thinking about someone’s sins is spoken of as seeing them. Forgiving or refusing to think about the sins is spoken of as choosing not to see them. Alternate translation: “Do not look at my sins” or “Do not remember my sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1843 | PSA | 51 | 9 | b3jc | figs-metaphor | 0 | blot out all my iniquities | Forgiving or refusing to think about someone’s sins is spoken of as either (1) blotting them out or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: (1) “forgive my sins like someone wiping something away” or (2) “forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1844 | PSA | 51 | 10 | q6ng | figs-metonymy | 0 | Create in me a clean heart | Here the “heart” represents the feelings and desires. Being completely devoted and obedient to God is spoken of as having a clean heart. Alternate translation: “Make me completely devoted to you” or “Make me want to obey you always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1845 | PSA | 51 | 10 | bn5a | figs-metonymy | 0 | renew a right spirit within me | Here “spirit” represents the attitude and desires of a David. Alternate translation: “make my attitude right” or “make me always want to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1846 | PSA | 51 | 11 | v6gj | figs-metaphor | 0 | Do not drive me away from your presence | “Do not force me to go away from you.” Being rejected by God is spoken of as being forced to go away from him. Alternate translation: “Do not reject me as one of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1847 | PSA | 51 | 12 | t5fh | 0 | sustain me | “hold me up” or “assist me” | ||
1848 | PSA | 51 | 13 | az4f | 0 | your ways | “the way you want people to live” or “what you want people to do” | ||
1849 | PSA | 51 | 13 | tzw4 | 0 | transgressors…sinners | These two words refer to the same people here. | ||
1850 | PSA | 51 | 14 | i5mg | figs-metonymy | 0 | shedding blood | This phrase refers to killing another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1851 | PSA | 51 | 15 | mb7z | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will express your praise | Here the person is represented by his “mouth.” Being able to talk is spoken of as the lips being open. Here not being able to speak is a symbol of being guilty of sin and not being able to make a defense. Alternate translation: “Lord, make me able to speak, and I will praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1852 | PSA | 51 | 16 | rlr8 | figs-explicit | 0 | you do not delight in sacrifice…you have no pleasure in burnt offerings | This means that God wants something more important than these things. Alternate translation: “A sacrifice is not enough to please you…you want something more than burn offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1853 | PSA | 51 | 17 | ib5d | 0 | The sacrifices of God | “The sacrifices that please God” | ||
1854 | PSA | 51 | 17 | e3fd | figs-metaphor | 0 | a broken spirit | A broken spirit represents a humble attitude. Alternate translation: “humility” or “a person who becomes humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1855 | PSA | 51 | 17 | r49l | figs-metonymy | 0 | a broken and a contrite heart | Being humble and sorry for one’s sin is spoken of as having a broken and contrite heart. The heart represents the emotions and will. Alternate translation: “sorrow and humility” or “a person who is sorry for his sin and humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1856 | PSA | 51 | 18 | sl4i | figs-metaphor | 0 | rebuild the walls of Jerusalem | The walls of a city protect the city and the people in it. Possible meanings are (1) “enable us to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem” or (2) “protect Jerusalem and make it strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1857 | PSA | 51 | 19 | qe3h | 0 | our people will offer bulls on your altar | A bull is an adult male cow. Bulls were often used as sacrificial animals, according to God’s instruction. | ||
1858 | PSA | 52 | intro | gx5r | 0 | Psalm 052 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 52 is a wisdom psalm. It teaches that God will destroy evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapterEvil peopleAlthough the evil people feel secure with their wealth and evil deeds, God will destroy them. But people who do good are secure because God protects them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) SuperscriptionThis psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. | |||
1859 | PSA | 52 | 1 | xe8m | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | In this psalm the word “you” refers to Doeg. When Saul wanted to kill David, Doeg told Saul where David was so that Saul could find him. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1860 | PSA | 52 | 1 | eve8 | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
1861 | PSA | 52 | 1 | px5f | 0 | A maschil | This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1. | ||
1862 | PSA | 52 | 1 | iv91 | translate-names | 0 | Doeg…Ahimelech | These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1863 | PSA | 52 | 1 | gv61 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Why are you proud of making trouble, you mighty man? | This question shows how angry David was at the one who made trouble. Alternate translation: “You should not be so proud of making trouble, you mighty man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1864 | PSA | 52 | 1 | tc43 | figs-irony | 0 | you mighty man | David may have been using irony when he called Doeg this. Alternate translation: “you, who think you are so mighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) | |
1865 | PSA | 52 | 1 | u3iv | figs-metaphor | 0 | The covenant faithfulness of God comes every day | David speaks of God’s covenant faithfulness as if it were something that could come. David was probably referring to God’s promises to protect his people from wicked people. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective or an adverb. Alternate translation: “Every day, God is faithful to keep the promises of his covenant” or “Every day, God faithfully protects his people from wicked people like you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1866 | PSA | 52 | 2 | yc5s | 0 | a sharp razor | a sharp blade | ||
1867 | PSA | 52 | 2 | hlt7 | figs-simile | 0 | Your tongue plans destruction like a sharp razor, working deceitfully | Here the tongue is compared to a sharp razor which is capable of causing great harm. Alternate translation: “Your tongue harms people like a sharp razor does, when you plan destruction and deceive others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1868 | PSA | 52 | 2 | mc21 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Your tongue | Here “your tongue” refers to the person David is speaking to. Alternate translation: “You” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1869 | PSA | 52 | 3 | n4c1 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | David continues speaking to the “mighty man” of Psalms 5:1 | ||
1870 | PSA | 52 | 3 | u7f1 | 0 | lying rather than speaking righteousness | “you love lying more than speaking what is right” | ||
1871 | PSA | 52 | 4 | c8a7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | words that devour others | Here words that harm others are spoken of as if they were animals that devour people. Alternate translation: “words that harm others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1872 | PSA | 52 | 4 | brj2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | you deceitful tongue | This refers to the person the author is speaking to. Alternate translation: “you speaker of deceit” or “you liar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1873 | PSA | 52 | 5 | b3i7 | figs-parallelism | 0 | take you up…pluck you…root you | All three of these phrases are different ways of saying “remove you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1874 | PSA | 52 | 5 | r2bt | figs-metaphor | 0 | root you out of the land of the living | Being alive on earth is spoken of as if people are plants with roots in the ground. God killing someone is spoken of as digging up the plant’s roots and taking it out of the ground. Alternate translation: “he will take you out the land of the living” or “He will kill you so that you will no longer be on earth with living people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1875 | PSA | 52 | 5 | cdy6 | translate-transliterate | 0 | Selah | This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) | |
1876 | PSA | 52 | 6 | mke5 | 0 | The righteous will also see it and fear | “The righteous will also see God remove him and they will fear” | ||
1877 | PSA | 52 | 7 | edv2 | 0 | See | “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” | ||
1878 | PSA | 52 | 7 | qv2z | figs-metonymy | 0 | did not make God his refuge | Here “refuge” represents a protector. Alternate translation: “did not make God his protector” or “did not ask God to protect him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1879 | PSA | 52 | 8 | u1wy | 0 | a green olive tree | Green olive trees are strong and secure. They do not fall over. | ||
1880 | PSA | 52 | 8 | e2xz | figs-simile | 0 | I am like a green olive tree in God’s house | Being safe and secure is spoken of as being like a strong tree. Alternate translation: “I am strong in God’s house, like a green olive tree” or “Because I worship in God’s house, I am secure like a green olive tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1881 | PSA | 52 | 8 | ydi4 | 0 | in God’s house | This refers to God’s temple. | ||
1882 | PSA | 52 | 8 | bgx6 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | I will trust in the covenant faithfulness of God forever and ever | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will trust in God forever and ever because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1883 | PSA | 52 | 9 | cj6z | figs-metonymy | 0 | I will wait for your name, because it is good | God’s name represents God himself. Waiting for God represents waiting for God to help him. Alternate translation: “I will wait for you, because you are good” or “I will wait for you to help me, because you are good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1884 | PSA | 53 | intro | u3hp | 0 | Psalm 053 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 53 is a wisdom psalm. It warns people who do evil that God will judge them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) Special concepts in this chapterGod’s watching mankindGod looks down from heaven and sees that all humans are evil and corrupt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) SuperscriptionThis psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. | |||
1885 | PSA | 53 | 1 | btc5 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1886 | PSA | 53 | 1 | kkk8 | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
1887 | PSA | 53 | 1 | a9tq | translate-transliterate | 0 | set to Mahalath | This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) | |
1888 | PSA | 53 | 1 | c5we | 0 | A maschil | This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1. | ||
1889 | PSA | 53 | 2 | cmh4 | 0 | the children of mankind | This refers to all people. | ||
1890 | PSA | 53 | 2 | dy8r | figs-metaphor | 0 | who seek after him | Seeking God as a person would look for someone is spoken of as “seeking” God. Possible meanings are (1) wanting to know God. Alternate translation: “who want to know him” or (2) worshiping God. Alternate translation: “who worship him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1891 | PSA | 53 | 3 | ki3t | figs-metaphor | 0 | They have all turned away | Rejecting God and what is right is spoken of as turning away. Alternate translation: “They have all turned away from doing what is right” or “They have all rejected God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1892 | PSA | 53 | 4 | l2u4 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Do those who commit iniquity have no understanding—those…God? | This question is used to show the shock that the writer feels because the people are so sinful. It can be written as two statements. “Those who commit iniquity act as though they do not know anything. They devour my people as if they were eating bread, and they do not call on God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1893 | PSA | 53 | 4 | l75m | figs-metaphor | 0 | those who devour my people as if they were eating bread | Destroying people is spoken of as devouring them. Doing it as if they were eating bread implies that they did it very easily or without feeling guilty about it. Alternate translation: “those who destroy my people as freely as if they were eating bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1894 | PSA | 53 | 5 | q6fe | figs-metonymy | 0 | God will scatter the bones of whoever will camp against you | Scattering people’s bones represents killing them and allowing their bones to remain wherever they have died and not be buried properly. “God will completely destroy whoever will camp against you, and their bones will lie scattered on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1895 | PSA | 53 | 5 | pl76 | figs-metonymy | 0 | whoever will camp against you | Camping against people represents attacking them. Enemy armies would travel and set up camps to live in temporarily near the people they wanted to attack. Alternate translation: “whoever will attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1896 | PSA | 53 | 6 | mle3 | figs-exclamations | 0 | Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come | The word “Oh” here introduces an exclamation that expresses a hope or prayer. Alternate translation: “I hope that the salvation of Israel will come” or “I pray that the salvation of will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
1897 | PSA | 53 | 6 | awk5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the salvation of Israel would come from Zion | The salvation represents God, the savior, whose temple is in Zion. Alternate translation: “the savior of Israel would come from Zion” or “God would come from Zion and save Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1898 | PSA | 53 | 6 | hj3c | 0 | When God brings back his people from the captivity | “When God saves his captive people” | ||
1899 | PSA | 53 | 6 | fw2j | figs-parallelism | 0 | Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad! | These two phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1900 | PSA | 53 | 6 | xbm3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Jacob | Here “Jacob” refers to the descendants of Jacob, the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1901 | PSA | 54 | intro | vvf3 | 0 | Psalm 054 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 54 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterRescueEvil people want to kill David; but God has rescued him in the past and he trusts God to rescue him again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) SuperscriptionThis psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. | |||
1902 | PSA | 54 | 1 | fa4h | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1903 | PSA | 54 | 1 | s1kh | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
1904 | PSA | 54 | 1 | nwg2 | 0 | on stringed instruments | “people should play stringed instruments with this song” | ||
1905 | PSA | 54 | 1 | w9pi | 0 | A maschil | This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1 | ||
1906 | PSA | 54 | 1 | ql33 | translate-names | 0 | Ziphites | people from the city of Ziph in the Judean mountains, southeast of Hebron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
1907 | PSA | 54 | 1 | db2i | figs-metonymy | 0 | Save me, God, by your name | Here God’s name represents his character. It may represent specifically his power or his justice. Alternate translation: “Save me, God, by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1908 | PSA | 54 | 1 | jb6d | figs-metonymy | 0 | judge me in your might | Judging David here represents showing people that David is not guilty. When God uses his might to save David, people will know that God has judged him as not guilty. Alternate translation: “In your might, show people that I am not guilty” or “Show people that I am not guilty by using your power to rescue me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1909 | PSA | 54 | 2 | r9er | figs-metonymy | 0 | give ear to the words | Giving one’s ear represents listening. Alternate translation: “listen to the words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1910 | PSA | 54 | 2 | mc9y | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the words of my mouth | Here the speaker is represented by his mouth. Alternate translation: “my words” or “what I am saying to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1911 | PSA | 54 | 3 | u6zz | figs-metonymy | 0 | have risen up against me | Rising up against someone represents preparing to attack him or actually attacking him. Alternate translation: “have prepared to attack me” or “are attacking me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1912 | PSA | 54 | 3 | n85b | 0 | pitiless men | “men who have no mercy” | ||
1913 | PSA | 54 | 3 | uub9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | have sought after my life | Seeking after someone’s life represents trying to kill him. Alternate translation: “have tried to kill me” or “want to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1914 | PSA | 54 | 3 | qx9n | figs-metonymy | 0 | they have not set God before them | Setting God before them represents paying attention to God. Alternate translation: “they do not pay attention to God” or “they ignore God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1915 | PSA | 54 | 4 | f6wz | figs-metaphor | 0 | who upholds me | Defending David and keeping him safe is spoken of as upholding or supporting him. Alternate translation: “who defends me” or “who keeps me safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1916 | PSA | 54 | 5 | gch4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | He will repay my enemies with evil | Punishment is spoken as if it were payment. Alternate translation: “He will do the evil to my enemies that they have done to me” or “He will cause the evil that my enemies have done to me to be done to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1917 | PSA | 54 | 5 | y135 | 0 | in your faithfulness, destroy them | Here David changes from talking about God to talking to God. Alternate translation: “God, destroy them because you are faithful to me” | ||
1918 | PSA | 54 | 6 | kq3s | figs-synecdoche | 0 | I will give thanks to your name, Yahweh, for it is good | Yahweh’s name represents him. Alternate translation: “I will give thanks to you, Yahweh, for you are good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1919 | PSA | 54 | 7 | q8mm | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my eye has looked | The eye represents the person. Alternate translation: “I have looked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1920 | PSA | 54 | 7 | z3ih | figs-metonymy | 0 | my eye has looked in triumph on my enemies | Possible meanings are (1) seeing that his enemies have been defeated. Alternate translation: “I have seen that my enemies have been defeated” or (2) defeating his enemies. Alternate translation: “I have defeated my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1921 | PSA | 55 | intro | fx5e | 0 | Psalm 055 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 55 is a deliverance psalm. The psalmist is praying that God will deliver him from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterBetrayalThe author wishes he could get far away from his enemies after his best friend betrayed him. He asks God to completely destroy his enemies. He is trusting God to save him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) SuperscriptionThis psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. | |||
1922 | PSA | 55 | 1 | gsm2 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1923 | PSA | 55 | 1 | v48i | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
1924 | PSA | 55 | 1 | y5nc | 0 | on stringed instruments | “people should play stringed instruments with this song” | ||
1925 | PSA | 55 | 1 | lzt7 | 0 | A maschil | This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1 | ||
1926 | PSA | 55 | 1 | v59z | figs-metonymy | 0 | Give ear to my prayer | Giving one’s ear represents listening. Alternate translation: “Listen to my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1927 | PSA | 55 | 1 | v8bq | figs-metaphor | 0 | do not hide yourself from my plea | Refusing to pay attention to his plea is spoken of as hiding himself from it. Alternate translation: “do not ignore my plea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1928 | PSA | 55 | 3 | ag8m | figs-metonymy | 0 | because of the voice of my enemies | Here “voice” represents what they say. Alternate translation: “because of what my enemies say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1929 | PSA | 55 | 3 | iqu1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | they bring trouble on me | Causing trouble is spoken of as bringing trouble. Alternate translation: “they cause me to have great troubles” or “they do wicked things to me and so I suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1930 | PSA | 55 | 4 | z3pk | figs-metonymy | 0 | My heart trembles within me | Here, “heart trembles” refers to his emotional pain and suffering. This suffering is because of fear. Alternate translation: “I am suffering because I am so afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1931 | PSA | 55 | 4 | jr4q | figs-metaphor | 0 | the terrors of death have fallen on me | Becoming very afraid, or terrified, is spoken of as if terror is a thing that falls on a person. Alternate translation: “I am very much afraid that I will die” or “I am terrified that I will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1932 | PSA | 55 | 5 | spg6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Fearfulness and trembling have come on me | Becoming fearful and trembling is spoken of as if fearfulness and trembling are things that come on a person. Alternate translation: “I have become very fearful and I tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1933 | PSA | 55 | 5 | lr6z | figs-metaphor | 0 | horror has overwhelmed me | Feeling horror is spoken of as if horror were a thing that can cover people. Alternate translation: “I feel terrible horror” or “I am extremely afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1934 | PSA | 55 | 6 | xih1 | figs-exclamations | 0 | Oh, if only I had wings like a dove! | This exclamation expresses something the writer wishes for very much. Alternate translation: “I wish very much that I had wings like a dove” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
1935 | PSA | 55 | 6 | dd1u | 0 | Then would I fly away | “If I did have wings, I would fly away” | ||
1936 | PSA | 55 | 7 | kwx9 | 0 | See, then I would wander | “I would do that and more: I would wander” | ||
1937 | PSA | 55 | 8 | kzu3 | 0 | General Information: | The writer finishes telling about what he had said. | ||
1938 | PSA | 55 | 8 | v8vq | 0 | tempest | a strong storm | ||
1939 | PSA | 55 | 9 | rlv7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Devour them | Destroying something is spoken of as eating all of it. Possible meanings are “Destroy my enemies’ plans” or “Destroy my enemies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1940 | PSA | 55 | 9 | xsb3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | confuse their language | “Language” here represents what the people were saying to each other, and probably refers specifically to them talking about plans to do evil. Confusing it represents making the people unable to understand each other. Alternate translation: “confuse them when they speak to each other” or “confuse their plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1941 | PSA | 55 | 10 | adq2 | figs-personification | 0 | they go about on its walls | “violence and strife go about on her walls” (Psalms 55:9). Violence and strife are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who cause violence and strife. Alternate translation: “people walk about on the city’s walls, being violent and fighting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
1942 | PSA | 55 | 10 | mjb4 | 0 | on its walls | “along the tops of the city walls.” Cities had thick walls around them to protect them from enemies. People could walk along the tops of the walls to see if any enemies were coming to the city. | ||
1943 | PSA | 55 | 10 | wnf2 | figs-personification | 0 | wickedness and trouble are in the middle of it | Wickedness and trouble are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who do wickedness and trouble. Alternate translation: “people do wickedness and cause trouble in the middle of the city” or “people do sinful things and cause trouble in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
1944 | PSA | 55 | 11 | r85i | figs-personification | 0 | Wickedness is in the middle of it | Wickedness is spoken of as if it were a person. This can be expressed by telling about the people who do wicked things. Alternate translation: “People do wicked things in the middle of the city” or “people destroy things in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
1945 | PSA | 55 | 11 | c726 | figs-personification | 0 | oppression and deceit do not leave its streets | Oppression and deceit are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who oppress and deceive others. Alternate translation: “People oppress and deceive others in the city streets, and they do not leave” or “People are always oppressing and deceiving others in the city streets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
1946 | PSA | 55 | 11 | av8t | 0 | its streets | This may refer to the marketplaces in the city. | ||
1947 | PSA | 55 | 12 | fkh4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I could have borne it | Tolerating or enduring a rebuke is spoken of as bearing or carrying it. Alternate translation: “I could have tolerated the rebuke” or “I would not be so sad about the rebuke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1948 | PSA | 55 | 12 | sl4f | figs-metaphor | 0 | raised himself up against me | Being proud of oneself and insulting another is spoken of as raising oneself up against another. Alternate translation: “insulted me” or “despised me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1949 | PSA | 55 | 13 | q1xj | figs-apostrophe | 0 | But it was you | The psalmist speaks as though the person who had rebuked and taunted him were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) | |
1950 | PSA | 55 | 13 | h4d4 | 0 | myself, my companion and my close friend | This can be divided and a new sentence begun. Alternate translation: “myself. You were my companion and my close friend” | ||
1951 | PSA | 55 | 14 | uy9r | 0 | We | The word “we” refers to the psalmist and his friend. | ||
1952 | PSA | 55 | 14 | jnv2 | 0 | with the throng | Possible meanings are (1) “together” or (2) “with the crowd.” | ||
1953 | PSA | 55 | 15 | a7kh | figs-personification | 0 | Let death come suddenly on them | Death is spoken of as if it were a person that could attack people. Alternate translation: “Let my enemies die suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
1954 | PSA | 55 | 15 | v19n | figs-metaphor | 0 | let them go down alive to Sheol | Dying suddenly is spoken of as if people were to go to Sheol so fast that they do not even die first. Alternate translation: “let them suddenly go to Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1955 | PSA | 55 | 15 | wv2z | figs-metaphor | 0 | wickedness is where they live | Wickedness is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be in a certain place. The habitual wickedness of his enemies is spoken of as if wickedness were with them or near them. Alternate translation: “they always do wicked things where they live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1956 | PSA | 55 | 15 | ngt3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | right among them | This phrase intensifies the idea of wickedness being very near them. Here wickedness is spoken of as being not only in their homes, but right where they are. Alternate translation: “They always do wicked things wherever they are” or “wherever they are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1957 | PSA | 55 | 16 | v37m | 0 | As for me | This phrase shows that the writer has stopped talking about one thing and is now about to talk about himself. Alternate translation: “But I” | ||
1958 | PSA | 55 | 17 | wtr4 | 0 | moan | the sound people and animals make when they are in pain | ||
1959 | PSA | 55 | 17 | jq8f | figs-synecdoche | 0 | he will hear my voice | Here “voice” represents either (1) the psalmist or (2) the psalmist’s complaints and moans. Alternate translation: “he will hear me” or “he will hear my moaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1960 | PSA | 55 | 18 | g4qm | figs-metonymy | 0 | my life | Here “my life” represents the psalmist. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1961 | PSA | 55 | 18 | t38c | 0 | for those who fought against me were many | “for many people fought against me” | ||
1962 | PSA | 55 | 19 | hz58 | 0 | will hear them | “will hear my enemies” or “will hear what my enemies say.” Some versions say “will hear me.” | ||
1963 | PSA | 55 | 19 | tum6 | figs-explicit | 0 | humiliate them | How God will humiliate them can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “will defeat and humiliate them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1964 | PSA | 55 | 20 | c1lx | figs-metonymy | 0 | has raised his hands against those | Raising the hand against people represents attacking them. This may be a metaphor for saying things that put people in danger or cause them trouble. Alternate translation: “has attacked those” or “has betrayed those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1965 | PSA | 55 | 21 | s648 | figs-metonymy | 0 | His mouth | Someone’s “mouth” represents what he says. Alternate translation: “What my friend said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1966 | PSA | 55 | 21 | r2m2 | figs-simile | 0 | His mouth was smooth as butter | Speech that is pleasant or nice to hear is spoken of as if it were smooth and easy to swallow. Alternate translation: “What he said was pleasant like smooth butter” or “He said nice things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1967 | PSA | 55 | 21 | qub5 | 0 | was hostile | “was mean” or “was hateful” | ||
1968 | PSA | 55 | 21 | xd9f | 0 | his words | “what he said” | ||
1969 | PSA | 55 | 21 | xz3a | figs-simile | 0 | his words were softer than oil | People put oil on their skin to make it feel nice, and they put it on wounds to help them heal. Speech that is kind or helpful is spoken of as if it were soft or soothing. Alternate translation: “what he said was kind and soothing like oil” or “he said kind things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1970 | PSA | 55 | 21 | h4sa | figs-metaphor | 0 | they were actually drawn swords | Speech that causes people trouble is spoken of as if it were swords that wound people. Alternate translation: “what he said wounded people as drawn swords do” or “what he said caused people trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1971 | PSA | 55 | 21 | b32u | 0 | drawn swords | The word “drawn” here means that the swords were pulled out of their covers and ready to be used. | ||
1972 | PSA | 55 | 22 | r4ww | 0 | Place your burdens | Here the psalmist is speaking to other godly people. | ||
1973 | PSA | 55 | 22 | es9t | figs-metaphor | 0 | Place your burdens on Yahweh | Here troubles are spoken of as if they were burdens that people have to carry. Trusting God to help us when we have troubles is spoken of as putting our burdens on him so that he can carry them for us. Alternate translation: “Give Yahweh your problems” or “Trust God to help you with all your troubles like someone who trusts a stronger person to carry his load” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1974 | PSA | 55 | 22 | vk43 | 0 | he will sustain you | Taking care of someone or helping someone when he has troubles is spoken of as supporting him. Alternate translation: “he will take care of you” or “he will help you” | ||
1975 | PSA | 55 | 22 | x43r | figs-metaphor | 0 | he will never allow a righteous person to totter | A person who is about to be severely harmed by some sort of disaster is spoken of as if he is tottering or swaying and is about to fall down. Alternate translation: “he will not let a righteous person sway and fall down” or “he will not let a righteous person to be destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1976 | PSA | 55 | 23 | el52 | 0 | But you, God | The author speaks to God now. | ||
1977 | PSA | 55 | 23 | b5vk | 0 | the pit of destruction | This probably refers to the grave or hell. | ||
1978 | PSA | 55 | 23 | u8sz | figs-metonymy | 0 | will bring the wicked down into the pit of destruction | This represents causing people to die. Alternate translation: “will cause the wicked to die” or “will cause wicked people to die and go to the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1979 | PSA | 55 | 23 | kab2 | 0 | bloodthirsty and deceitful men | “people who lie and who want to kill others” or “deceitful murderers” | ||
1980 | PSA | 55 | 23 | pe8d | 0 | even half as long as others | “even half as long as other people live” | ||
1981 | PSA | 56 | intro | h1w3 | 0 | Psalm 056 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 56 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterFearAlthough the psalmist’s enemies are trying to harm him, he is not afraid because God is protecting him. SuperscriptionThe word “Michtam” is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as “psalm.” | |||
1982 | PSA | 56 | 1 | xsm1 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
1983 | PSA | 56 | 1 | by4v | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship;” | ||
1984 | PSA | 56 | 1 | azv1 | 0 | set to Jonath elem rehokim | This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing this psalm. Alternate translation: “Sing this psalm using the tune of ‘Jonath elem rehokim’” or “Sing this using the Jonath elem rehokim style” | ||
1985 | PSA | 56 | 1 | urm9 | translate-unknown | 0 | Jonath elem rehokim | This may mean “Dove on Distant Oak Trees.” Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) | |
1986 | PSA | 56 | 1 | y6cg | 0 | A psalm of David | Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. | ||
1987 | PSA | 56 | 1 | q2la | 0 | A michtam | The meaning of the word “michtam” is uncertain. You may use the word “psalm” instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote.” See how you translated this in Psalms 16:1. | ||
1988 | PSA | 56 | 1 | sz95 | 0 | press their assault | “come closer and closer in order to attack me” | ||
1989 | PSA | 56 | 2 | e4w9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | My enemies trample me | The enemies’ fierce attack is spoken of as if they were crushing his body by marching on it. Alternate translation: “My enemies attack me severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1990 | PSA | 56 | 3 | zht6 | 0 | you | The word “you” refers to God. | ||
1991 | PSA | 56 | 4 | ggu8 | figs-rquestion | 0 | what can mere man do to me? | Here a question is used to show that the psalmist is not afraid of people, because they cannot seriously harm him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “mere man can do nothing to me!” or “mere man cannot harm me badly!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
1992 | PSA | 56 | 4 | x7n4 | 0 | mere man | “just humans” or “people.” This implies that people are not powerful, but God is powerful. | ||
1993 | PSA | 56 | 5 | n8j3 | 0 | All the day long | “All the time” | ||
1994 | PSA | 56 | 5 | fnl7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | they twist my words | Repeating what someone says but changing it a little so that it means something different is spoken of as twisting their words. Alternate translation: “they say that I said things than I did not say” or “they claim that I said things, but they lie” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1995 | PSA | 56 | 5 | q7xi | 0 | all their thoughts are against me for evil | “they always have evil thoughts against me” or “they always think of evil things to do to me” | ||
1996 | PSA | 56 | 6 | gh4r | figs-metaphor | 0 | they mark my steps | Watching what a person does in order to see how to cause him trouble is spoken of as watching his steps, just as someone who wants to capture a person watches where that person walks. Alternate translation: “they watch everything I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1997 | PSA | 56 | 6 | u2v9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | just as they have waited for my life | Waiting to kill someone is spoken of as waiting for his life. Alternate translation: “as they wait to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1998 | PSA | 56 | 7 | huf5 | figs-explicit | 0 | Do not let them escape doing iniquity | What they might escape can be sued clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not let them escape your punishment for their iniquity” or “Do not let them escape when you punish them for the wicked things they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1999 | PSA | 56 | 7 | p8t9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Bring down the peoples | Defeating the enemies is spoken of as bringing them down. Alternate translation: “Defeat the peoples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2000 | PSA | 56 | 8 | anm7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | You number my wanderings | God’s concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if God counted each time that the psalmist has walked in sadness and with no place to go for comfort. Alternate translation: “You care about all the times that I have been wandering alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2001 | PSA | 56 | 8 | m8ng | figs-metaphor | 0 | put my tears into your bottle | God’s concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if God saved the psalmist’s tears in a bottle. The tears represent crying. Alternate translation: “you know how much I have cried and you care about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2002 | PSA | 56 | 8 | yv3x | figs-metaphor | 0 | are they not in your book? | God’s concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if he wrote the number of the psalmist’s tears in his book. This question is used to remind God about how greatly he cares for the psalmist. Alternate translation: “you have written about them in your book!” or “you remember my cries!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2003 | PSA | 56 | 9 | rvm7 | 0 | will turn back | “will retreat” or “will turn and run away” | ||
2004 | PSA | 56 | 9 | ui3x | figs-explicit | 0 | God is for me | This means that God favors him. In this context it implies that God fights against the psalmist’s enemies in order to protect him. Alternate translation: “God is fighting for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2005 | PSA | 56 | 11 | an7m | figs-rquestion | 0 | What can anyone do to me? | Here a question is used to show that the psalmist is not afraid of people, because they cannot seriously harm him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “People can do nothing to me!” or “People cannot harm me badly!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2006 | PSA | 56 | 12 | mw9n | figs-metaphor | 0 | The duty to fulfill my vows to you is on me | Being obligated to do something is spoken of as if the duty to do something is on a person. Alternate translation: “I must fulfill my vows to you” or “I must do what I promised you I would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2007 | PSA | 56 | 13 | y3b3 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | you have kept my feet from falling | The feet here represent the person. Falling here probably represents being killed by his enemies. Alternate translation: “you have kept me from falling” or “you have kept me from being killed by my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2008 | PSA | 56 | 13 | y78t | figs-metaphor | 0 | so that I may walk before God | Living and being seen by God is spoken of as walking before God. Alternate translation: “so that I may live in God’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2009 | PSA | 56 | 13 | npe7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | in the light of the living | Here “the light of the living” probably represents God’s enabling people to live. Alternate translation: “with the life that you give” or “because you enable me to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2010 | PSA | 57 | intro | hv64 | 0 | Psalm 057 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 57 is a psalm of deliverance. It praises God for the many times he has delivered David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterFearSince God is protecting the psalmist, he has nothing to fear from his enemies. SuperscriptionThe word “Michtam” is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as “psalm.” | |||
2011 | PSA | 57 | 1 | i8s5 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2012 | PSA | 57 | 1 | ga1f | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
2013 | PSA | 57 | 1 | s96j | 0 | set to Al Tashheth | This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. Alternate translation: “sing this psalm using the tune of ‘Al Tashheth’” or “sing this using the Al Tashheth style” | ||
2014 | PSA | 57 | 1 | yl31 | translate-unknown | 0 | Al Tashheth | This means “Do Not Destroy.” Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) | |
2015 | PSA | 57 | 1 | g4tb | 0 | A psalm of David | Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. | ||
2016 | PSA | 57 | 1 | jt8t | 0 | A michtam | The meaning of the word “michtam” is uncertain. You may use the word “psalm” instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote.” See how you translated this in Psalms 16:1. | ||
2017 | PSA | 57 | 1 | wv56 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I take refuge in you | Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “I go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2018 | PSA | 57 | 1 | yn99 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I stay under your wings for protection | The psalmist speaks of God as if he were a mother bird that protects its babies by huddling them under its wings. Alternate translation: “I trust you to protect me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2019 | PSA | 57 | 1 | s371 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | until this destruction is over | The abstract noun “destruction” can be stated as “destructive.” Alternate translation: “until this destructive storm is over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2020 | PSA | 57 | 2 | r2mu | 0 | who does all things for me | This explains why he will cry out to God. It can be translated with “because.” Alternate translation: “because he does all things for me” | ||
2021 | PSA | 57 | 3 | k9zh | figs-metaphor | 0 | those who crush me | The enemies’ fierce attack is spoken of as if they were crushing his body by marching on it. Alternate translation: “those who attack me severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2022 | PSA | 57 | 3 | t1vd | figs-metaphor | 0 | God will send me his loving kindness and his faithfulness | God’s being kind and faithful is spoken of as if he were sending his kindness and faithful. The abstract nouns “kindness” and “faithfulness” can be stated as “kind” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “God will be kind to me and trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2023 | PSA | 57 | 4 | v2nz | figs-metaphor | 0 | My life is among lions | The psalmist speaks of his enemies as if they were lions. Alternate translation: “I live among fierce enemies” or “Fierce enemies surround me like lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2024 | PSA | 57 | 4 | e5fn | figs-metaphor | 0 | those who are ready to devour me | Destroying is spoken of as devouring or eating something up. Some versions understand the Hebrew text to mean “fiery beasts.” Both images speak of his enemies as if they were wild beasts. Alternate translation: “those who are ready to destroy me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2025 | PSA | 57 | 4 | j2hr | figs-metaphor | 0 | people whose teeth are spears and arrows | The enemies’ spears and arrows are spoken of as if they were lions’ teeth. The psalmist continues to speak of his enemies as if they were lions. Alternate translation: “people who kill others with spears and arrows as lions kill with their sharp teeth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2026 | PSA | 57 | 4 | zdv3 | figs-doublet | 0 | spears and arrows | Since both of these terms are weapons, if your culture knows only one, it is acceptable to use it alone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2027 | PSA | 57 | 4 | nz7w | figs-metaphor | 0 | whose tongues are sharp swords | The tongue represents what someone says, and the enemies’ cruel words are spoken of as if they were swords. Alternate translation: “whose cruel words are like sharp swords” or “who cause terrible trouble for me by what they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2028 | PSA | 57 | 5 | t2dt | figs-metaphor | 0 | Be exalted, God, above the heavens | The psalmist is asking God to show that he is exalted. Being exalted above the heavens represents being great. Alternate translation: “God, show that you are exalted above the heavens” or “God, show that you are great in the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2029 | PSA | 57 | 5 | ij37 | 0 | let your glory be above all the earth | The psalmist is asking God to show his glory. Alternate translation: “show your glory over all the earth” | ||
2030 | PSA | 57 | 6 | ywr3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | They spread out a net for my feet | His enemies’ plans to capture him are spoken of as if they had spread out a net on the ground to trap him. Alternate translation: “It is as though my enemies have spread a net out to trap me” or “They planned to capture me like people who spread out a net to trap an animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2031 | PSA | 57 | 6 | pp5u | figs-metaphor | 0 | They dug a pit in front of me | His enemies’ plans to capture him are spoken of as if they had dug a pit for him to fall into. Alternate translation: “It is as though they dug a pit for me to fall into” or “They planned to capture me like people who dig a hole in the ground to trap an animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2032 | PSA | 57 | 6 | cj6r | figs-metaphor | 0 | They themselves have fallen into the middle of it | The harm that came to his enemies when they tried to capture him is spoken of as if they fell into the trap that they had made for him. Alternate translation: “They themselves fell into the pit they had dug for me” or “But they themselves were hurt by what they planned to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2033 | PSA | 57 | 7 | mvj7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | My heart is fixed, God, my heart is fixed | Being confident is spoken of as one’s heart being firm rather than shaken or easily moved. The phrase is repeated to show that he has complete confidence in God and will not change. Alternate translation: “I am completely confident in you, God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2034 | PSA | 57 | 7 | gt62 | figs-explicit | 0 | I will sing praises | Who he will sing to can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will sing praises to you, God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2035 | PSA | 57 | 8 | z1em | figs-explicit | 0 | Wake up, my honored heart | It can be stated clearly that the purpose of waking up is to sing praises to God. Waking up may be a metaphor for starting or preparing to do something. The heart represents the psalmist or his emotions. Alternate translation: “Wake up, my honored heart, to sing praises to God” or “I will prepare my honored heart to sing praises to God” or “I am honored to wake up and sing praises to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2036 | PSA | 57 | 8 | yl5r | figs-explicit | 0 | wake up, lute and harp | It can be stated clearly that the purpose of waking up is to sing praises to God. The psalmist speaks as though the lute and harp were people who could wake up to sing praises to God. Alternate translation: “Wake up, lute and harp, and sing praises to God” or “I will play the lute and harp while I sing praises to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2037 | PSA | 57 | 8 | hr4g | figs-personification | 0 | I will wake up the dawn | The dawn is spoken of as if it were alive, and getting up before dawn happens is spoken of as waking it up. The purpose of getting up before dawn is to praise God. Alternate translation: “I will get up before dawn” or “I will get up before the sun rises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2038 | PSA | 57 | 10 | vaa3 | figs-parallelism | 0 | For great is your unfailing love, reaching to the heavens…your faithfulness to the clouds | These two phrases are very similar in meaning. The greatness of God’s unfailing love and the greatness of his faithfulness are spoken of as if they could be measured in distance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2039 | PSA | 57 | 10 | tna7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | For great is your unfailing love, reaching to the heavens | The greatness of God’s unfailing love is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance. Alternate translation: “Your unfailing love is as great as the distance from the earth to the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2040 | PSA | 57 | 10 | ywg7 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | your faithfulness to the clouds | The words “great is your” and “reaching” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “great is your faithfulness, reaching to the clouds” or “your faithfulness is as great as the distance from the earth to the clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2041 | PSA | 57 | 11 | yyx8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Be exalted, God, above the heavens | The psalmist is asking God to show that he is exalted. Being exalted above the heavens represents being great. Alternate translation: “God, show that you are exalted above the heavens” or “God, show that you are great in the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2042 | PSA | 57 | 11 | n64e | 0 | may your glory be exalted over all the earth | The psalmist is asking God to show his glory. Alternate translation: “show your glory over all the earth” | ||
2043 | PSA | 58 | intro | dhx6 | 0 | Psalm 058 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 58 is a deliverance psalm. It asks God for deliverance from the unjust rulers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) Special concepts in this chapterDeliveranceAlthough the leaders are very evil and unfair, God can deliver his people from their oppression. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]]) SuperscriptionThe word “Michtam” is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as “psalm.” | |||
2044 | PSA | 58 | 1 | qfv5 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | This psalm is a song about wicked people. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2045 | PSA | 58 | 1 | d8qb | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
2046 | PSA | 58 | 1 | zc3z | 0 | set to Al Tashheth | This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in Psalms 57:1. | ||
2047 | PSA | 58 | 1 | x97c | 0 | A psalm of David | Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. | ||
2048 | PSA | 58 | 1 | xu51 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Do you rulers speak righteousness? | The author uses this question to rebuke the rulers because they do not speak righteously. Alternate translation: “You rulers do not say what is right!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2049 | PSA | 58 | 1 | f3j3 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Do you judge uprightly, you people? | The author uses this question to rebuke the judges who do not judge uprightly. Alternate translation: “You people never judge people uprightly!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2050 | PSA | 58 | 2 | n278 | figs-you | 0 | you…your | The words “you” and “your” refer to the mighty men who are judges (Psalm 58:1) and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
2051 | PSA | 58 | 2 | c5jn | 0 | No | The author answers the two questions he had just asked. | ||
2052 | PSA | 58 | 2 | d1u5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | you commit wickedness in your heart | The heart refers to the people’s thoughts or plans. Alternate translation: “you commit wickedness in your thoughts” or “you think about doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2053 | PSA | 58 | 2 | fc72 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you distribute violence throughout the land with your hands | Doing violence in various places throughout the land is spoken of as distributing or spreading the violence throughout the land, as if violence were some kind of stuff or things. Alternate translation: “you yourselves do violent deeds everywhere in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2054 | PSA | 58 | 3 | e66x | figs-parallelism | 0 | The wicked go astray even when they are in the womb…they go astray from birth | This is the same idea expressed in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2055 | PSA | 58 | 3 | d7k2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | they go astray | Doing wrong things is spoken of as if people are walking on a road, and they turn off and go the wrong way. Alternate translation: “they do wrong things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2056 | PSA | 58 | 4 | mff7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Their poison is like a snake’s poison | The wicked things people say are spoken of as if they were poison. Alternate translation: “Their wicked words cause trouble as a snake’s poison harms people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2057 | PSA | 58 | 4 | f4ca | figs-simile | 0 | they are like a deaf adder that stops up its ears | Wicked people who do not listen to advice or rebukes are spoken of as if they were snakes that do not respond to a charmer’s music. Alternate translation: “they refuse to listen like a deaf adder that stops up its ears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2058 | PSA | 58 | 4 | tt5a | figs-personification | 0 | a deaf adder that stops up its ears | An adder that does not respond to a charmer’s music is spoken of as if it could put something in its ears so that it will not hear. Alternate translation: “an adder that does not listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2059 | PSA | 58 | 4 | w1f7 | 0 | adder | a kind of poisonous snake | ||
2060 | PSA | 58 | 5 | b6id | 0 | charmers | people who play or sing music in order to control snakes | ||
2061 | PSA | 58 | 5 | hi9v | figs-explicit | 0 | no matter how skillful they are | What the snake charmers were skillful at can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “no matter how skillful the charmers are at controlling snakes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2062 | PSA | 58 | 6 | ptb3 | 0 | General Information: | The author lists things that he would like God to do to wicked people. | ||
2063 | PSA | 58 | 6 | x2zu | figs-parallelism | 0 | Break their teeth…break out the great teeth of the young lions | In both of these phrases, the wicked people are spoken of as if they were lions, and making them powerless to kill people is spoken of as breaking their teeth. Alternate translation: “Take away their power to kill. Make them powerless like young lions whose teeth have been broken and fallen out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2064 | PSA | 58 | 7 | na9t | figs-metaphor | 0 | Let them melt away as water that runs off | The wicked people are spoken of as if they were ice or water. No longer existing is spoken of as melting or draining away into the dry ground. Alternate translation: “Make them disappear like water that runs off” or “Make them vanish like ice that melts and drains into the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2065 | PSA | 58 | 7 | c9dm | 0 | let them be as though they had no points | “let their arrows be as though they had no points” | ||
2066 | PSA | 58 | 8 | hb5w | figs-simile | 0 | Let them be like a snail that melts and passes away | No longer existing is spoken of as melting and disappearing. Alternate translation: “Let the wicked vanish like a snail that melts and no longer exists” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2067 | PSA | 58 | 8 | hi5z | 0 | snail | small animal that the Israelites considered unclean and that looks like it is melting as it moves by sliding over slime it has produced | ||
2068 | PSA | 58 | 8 | uu2z | figs-simile | 0 | like the untimely-born child of a woman that never sees the sunlight | Not existing is spoken of as being like a baby that is born dead. Alternate translation: “like a baby who is born too early too live and see the sunlight” or “like a baby that was born dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2069 | PSA | 58 | 9 | ut8v | figs-metaphor | 0 | Before your pots can feel the thorn’s burning heat…the green thorns and the burning thorns alike | The wicked are spoken of as if they were thornbush branches, and God’s swift punishment of them is spoken of as if he were to quickly blow them away or sweep them away. Alternate translation: “God will destroy wicked people faster than a whirlwind can blow away thornbush branches that have been put under a cooking pot and lit with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2070 | PSA | 58 | 9 | khw3 | figs-you | 0 | your | David is speaking to God’s people, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
2071 | PSA | 58 | 9 | ka8t | 0 | the thorn’s burning heat…the green thorns and the burning thorns | “the heat from the burning thorn branches…the green thorn branches and the burning thorn branches” | ||
2072 | PSA | 58 | 10 | wz3e | figs-genericnoun | 0 | The righteous will rejoice when he sees | The phrase “the righteous” refers to righteous people in general. Alternate translation: “Righteous people will rejoice when they see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
2073 | PSA | 58 | 10 | gi2k | figs-metaphor | 0 | he will wash his feet in the blood of the wicked | Getting one’s feet wet by walking on blood is spoken of as washing the feet in blood. Alternate translation: “the righteous will make their feet wet in the blood of the wicked” or “the righteous will march on the blood of the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2074 | PSA | 58 | 10 | ll57 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he will wash his feet in the blood of the wicked | This exaggeration expresses that a great number of wicked people will die. Alternate translation: “so many wicked people will die that when the righteous march on their blood, it will seem as if they could wash their feet in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
2075 | PSA | 59 | intro | zf27 | 0 | Psalm 059 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 59 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterProtectionThe author prays for God to defeat his enemies. God is his protector. Therefore, he will praise God. SuperscriptionThe word “Michtam” is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as “psalm.” | |||
2076 | PSA | 59 | 1 | w4sd | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2077 | PSA | 59 | 1 | p57e | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
2078 | PSA | 59 | 1 | me33 | 0 | set to Al Tashheth | This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in Psalms 57:1. | ||
2079 | PSA | 59 | 1 | il5y | 0 | A psalm of David | Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. | ||
2080 | PSA | 59 | 1 | ks3t | 0 | A michtam | The meaning of the word “michtam” is uncertain. You may use the word “psalm” instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote.” See how you translated this in Psalms 16:1. | ||
2081 | PSA | 59 | 1 | hk4w | figs-metonymy | 0 | set me on high | A high place represents a safe place where his enemies cannot reach him. Alternate translation: “put me in a safe place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2082 | PSA | 59 | 1 | rjh7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | rise up against me | Rising up against someone represents attacking him. Alternate translation: “attack me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2083 | PSA | 59 | 2 | ica6 | figs-idiom | 0 | bloodthirsty men | The word “bloodthirsty” contains “blood,” which refers to murder and “thirsty,” which refers to desire. Alternate translation: “people who desire to kill” or “people who like to kill people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2084 | PSA | 59 | 3 | c6a4 | figs-idiom | 0 | they wait in ambush to take my life | David’s enemies are in hiding and are waiting quietly for the time when they can attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2085 | PSA | 59 | 4 | zre5 | figs-idiom | 0 | awake | Deciding to do something and beginning to do it is spoken of as waking up. Alternate translation: “do something” or “take action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2086 | PSA | 59 | 4 | b239 | figs-explicit | 0 | and see | What he wants God to see can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and see what is happening to me” or “and see what they are doing to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2087 | PSA | 59 | 5 | shi6 | figs-idiom | 0 | arise | Deciding to do something and beginning to do it is spoken of as getting up. Alternate translation: “do something” or “take action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2088 | PSA | 59 | 5 | t4a1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | all the nations | The word “nations” here represents the people of the nations that do not honor God. Alternate translation: “the people of all the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2089 | PSA | 59 | 6 | aej6 | 0 | They return at evening | The word “they” refers to the wicked transgressors. | ||
2090 | PSA | 59 | 6 | r2ww | figs-simile | 0 | they howl like dogs | The psalmist speaks of his enemies threatening to attack people as if they were dogs howling, growling, or barking at people. Alternate translation: “they threaten to attack people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2091 | PSA | 59 | 6 | fcr7 | figs-explicit | 0 | go around the city | Why they go around the city can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “go around the city to attack anyone they find” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2092 | PSA | 59 | 7 | i5i6 | 0 | See | Here the word “See” is being used to draw attention to something. Alternate translation: “Hear” | ||
2093 | PSA | 59 | 7 | rh1u | figs-metaphor | 0 | they belch out with their mouths | Saying terrible things is spoken of as belching. These terrible things may have been insults or threats. Alternate translation: “they say terrible things” or “they shout out terrible words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2094 | PSA | 59 | 7 | q9fv | 0 | belch | burp loudly; allow air from the stomach to come out of the mouth with a loud, rude noise | ||
2095 | PSA | 59 | 7 | vs38 | figs-metaphor | 0 | swords are in their lips | The cruel things that the wicked people were saying are spoken of as if they were swords. Alternate translation: “they say cruel things that cause people trouble as much as swords destroy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2096 | PSA | 59 | 7 | d23a | figs-rquestion | 0 | Who hears us? | This question is used to show that they believed that God would not hear and punish them. Alternate translation: “No one can hear us!” or “Your God does not hear us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2097 | PSA | 59 | 8 | k3ws | 0 | laugh at them | “laugh at them scornfully” or “mock them.” God would laugh at them because they are worthless and powerless. | ||
2098 | PSA | 59 | 8 | x3cx | 0 | you hold all the nations in derision | “you ridicule all the nations” or “you know that the people of the nations are fools” | ||
2099 | PSA | 59 | 8 | tjt6 | 0 | derision | ridicule | ||
2100 | PSA | 59 | 9 | av6p | figs-metonymy | 0 | my strength | God’s being the psalmist’s strength represents God protecting him. Alternate translation: “you are my strength” or “you are my protector” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2101 | PSA | 59 | 9 | mi4w | figs-metaphor | 0 | you are my high tower | A high tower is a place that people could go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. Alternate translation: “you protect me like a high tower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2102 | PSA | 59 | 10 | v7d9 | figs-explicit | 0 | My God will meet me with his covenant faithfulness | This phrase implies that God will come to him in order to save him. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “My God, who is faithful to his covenant, will come to save me” or “My God will come to save me because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2103 | PSA | 59 | 10 | tb7v | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | my desire on my enemies | The abstract noun “desire” can be expressed with the verb “want.” Alternate translation: “what I want to happen to my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2104 | PSA | 59 | 11 | c9tk | 0 | Scatter them | “Cause them to wander around” | ||
2105 | PSA | 59 | 11 | yf94 | figs-metonymy | 0 | our shield | God’s protecting the righteous is spoken of as if God were a shield. Alternate translation: “our protector” or “the one who protects us like a shield” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2106 | PSA | 59 | 12 | iz4q | figs-metonymy | 0 | For the sins of their mouths and the words of their lips | The mouths and lips represent the things people say. Alternate translation: “Because they sin by what they say” or “Because of the sinful things they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2107 | PSA | 59 | 12 | a3ed | figs-activepassive | 0 | let them be captured in their pride | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let people capture them because of their pride” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2108 | PSA | 59 | 12 | xb2v | 0 | that they express | “that they say” | ||
2109 | PSA | 59 | 13 | u1ga | figs-metaphor | 0 | Consume them in wrath, consume them so that they will be no more | Destroying them completely is spoken of either as burning them up or eating them. Alternate translation: “Be angry with them and destroy them completely so there will be no more of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2110 | PSA | 59 | 13 | h4zf | figs-metonymy | 0 | in Jacob | Jacob here refers to Israel. Alternate translation: “in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2111 | PSA | 59 | 13 | ct9i | figs-metonymy | 0 | to the ends of the earth | “to even the most distance places on earth.” This represents all places on earth. Alternate translation: “everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2112 | PSA | 59 | 14 | v4xe | figs-simile | 0 | howling like dogs | The psalmist speaks of his enemies threatening to attack people as if they were dogs howling, growling, or barking at people. Alternate translation: “threatening to attack us” or “threatening to attack us like wild dogs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2113 | PSA | 59 | 15 | w18t | 0 | satisfied | content, having everything they want | ||
2114 | PSA | 59 | 16 | a9we | figs-metaphor | 0 | you have been my high tower and a refuge | High towers and refuges are places that people can go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. Alternate translation: “you have protected me like a high tower and a refuge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2115 | PSA | 59 | 16 | vmt2 | 0 | in the day of my distress | “whenever I have had troubles” | ||
2116 | PSA | 59 | 17 | q7yw | figs-sentences | 0 | To you, my strength, I will sing praises | “To you, my strength” can be combined as one clause. Alternate translation: “You are my strength, so I will sing praises to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]]) | |
2117 | PSA | 59 | 17 | g4db | figs-metonymy | 0 | my strength | God’s being the psalmist’s strength represents God protecting him. Alternate translation: “my protector” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2118 | PSA | 59 | 17 | m2u5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | for God is my high tower | High towers are places that people can go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. Alternate translation: “you have protected me like a high tower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2119 | PSA | 59 | 17 | shn4 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the God of covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. This can be expressed in a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “He is the God who is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2120 | PSA | 60 | intro | wza8 | 0 | Psalm 060 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 60 is a psalm of war. Special concepts in this chapterProtectionGod has preserved the land of Israel, and now he will give them victory over the countries of Moab and Edom. | |||
2121 | PSA | 60 | 1 | ev3m | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2122 | PSA | 60 | 1 | usc3 | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
2123 | PSA | 60 | 1 | vsl6 | 0 | set to Shushan Eduth | This probably tells what tune or musical style to use when singing the psalm. Alternate translation: “sing this psalm using the tune of ‘Shushan Eduth’” or “sing this using the Shushan Eduth style” | ||
2124 | PSA | 60 | 1 | m8be | translate-unknown | 0 | Shushan Eduth | This means “Lily of the Promise.” Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) | |
2125 | PSA | 60 | 1 | tb2l | 0 | A michtam | The meaning of the word “michtam” is uncertain. You may use the word “psalm” instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote.” See how you translated this in Psalms 16:1. | ||
2126 | PSA | 60 | 1 | x59t | translate-names | 0 | Aram Naharaim…Aram Zobah | “Aram of the two rivers…the Aramean nation of Zobah.” These are places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
2127 | PSA | 60 | 1 | xt5a | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Joab | This refers to Joab and the army that he led. Alternate translation: “Joab and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2128 | PSA | 60 | 1 | uk1f | translate-numbers | 0 | twelve thousand Edomites | “12,000 Edomites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
2129 | PSA | 60 | 1 | jey3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you have cast us off | God’s rejecting people is spoken of as if he had thrown them away. Alternate translation: “you have rejected us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2130 | PSA | 60 | 1 | tsh1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | you have broken through our defenses | God’s allowing Israel’s enemies to break through their defenses is spoken of as God himself had done it. Alternate translation: “you have allowed our enemies to break through our defenses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2131 | PSA | 60 | 2 | cda8 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | The psalmist continues speaking to God. | ||
2132 | PSA | 60 | 2 | rmg6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | You have made the land tremble; you have torn it apart | The psalmist speaks of the disaster in his country as if it were an earthquake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2133 | PSA | 60 | 2 | qsa7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | heal its fissures | Making the people strong again is spoken of as repairing the fissures in the ground or walls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2134 | PSA | 60 | 2 | n526 | 0 | fissures | large cracks in the ground or walls | ||
2135 | PSA | 60 | 3 | k155 | figs-metonymy | 0 | You have made your people see difficult things | Here “see” represents “experience” or “suffer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2136 | PSA | 60 | 3 | m2ay | figs-metaphor | 0 | drink the wine of staggering | Being helpless is spoken of as staggering around, barely able to stand upright. The abstract noun “staggering” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the wine that makes us stagger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2137 | PSA | 60 | 4 | fj97 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you have set up a banner | God’s guiding his people in battle is spoken of as if God were a human king or commander who had set up a banner for the army. Alternate translation: “you are like a king who sets up a banner” or “you command us in battle like a king who raises up a banner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2138 | PSA | 60 | 4 | f9q6 | 0 | banner | “battle flag.” This is a flag that a king or commander would raise up on a pole to show that the army should gather. | ||
2139 | PSA | 60 | 4 | xr7x | figs-activepassive | 0 | to be displayed against those who carry the bow | This can be stated with an active clause. However some versions have different interpretations of this phrase. Alternate translation: “to display against those who carry the bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2140 | PSA | 60 | 4 | pya3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | to be displayed against those who carry the bow | The phrase “those who carry the bow” refers to the enemy soldiers in battle. Alternate translation: “to display when he takes his army into battle against your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2141 | PSA | 60 | 5 | lb5k | figs-metonymy | 0 | with your right hand | God’s right hand represents his power. Alternate translation: “by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2142 | PSA | 60 | 5 | p226 | figs-metonymy | 0 | answer me | Answering here represents responding to his request. Alternate translation: “respond to my request” or “answer my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2143 | PSA | 60 | 7 | ft6i | figs-metaphor | 0 | Ephraim also is my helmet | God speaks of the tribe of Ephraim as if it were his army. The helmet symbolizes equipment for war. Alternate translation: “Ephraim is like a helmet I have chosen” or “the tribe of Ephraim is my army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2144 | PSA | 60 | 7 | d6zr | 0 | helmet | a hard hat that soldiers wear to protect their heads from injury | ||
2145 | PSA | 60 | 7 | c5sk | figs-metaphor | 0 | Judah is my scepter | God chose men from the tribe of Judah to be the kings of his people, and he speaks of that tribe as if it were his scepter. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah is like my scepter” or “Judah is the tribe through whom I rule my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2146 | PSA | 60 | 8 | k3r4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Moab is my washbasin | God speaks of Moab being unimportant as if Moab were a washbasin or a lowly servant. Alternate translation: “Moab is like a bowl that I use for washing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2147 | PSA | 60 | 8 | lax6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | over Edom I will throw my shoe | God was probably speaking of taking ownership of Edom as if he were symbolically throwing his shoe onto that land to show that he owns it. However some versions have other interpretations. Alternate translation: “I take ownership of the land of Edom” or “I throw my shoe onto the land of Edom to show that it is mine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
2148 | PSA | 60 | 10 | ika5 | figs-rquestion | 0 | But you, God, have you not rejected us? | The psalmist uses this question to express his sadness that it seems that God has rejected them. Alternate translation: “But God, it seems like you have rejected us.” or “God, you seem to have abandoned us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2149 | PSA | 60 | 10 | v89k | figs-metaphor | 0 | You do not go into battle with our army | The psalmist speaks of God helping their army as if God were to go and fight with them. Alternate translation: “you do not help our army when we go into battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2150 | PSA | 60 | 11 | sm5b | 0 | is futile | “is worthless” | ||
2151 | PSA | 60 | 12 | x5wt | 0 | will triumph | “will defeat our enemies” | ||
2152 | PSA | 60 | 12 | i34s | figs-metaphor | 0 | he will trample down our enemies | The psalmist speaks of God helping their army defeat their enemies as if God were to trample down the enemies. Alternate translation: “he will enable us to trample down our enemies” or “he will make us able to defeat our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2153 | PSA | 61 | intro | is6k | 0 | Psalm 061 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 61 is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapterVowThe author has vowed to praise God every day of his life because God has blessed him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) | |||
2154 | PSA | 61 | 1 | u44c | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | This is a song about God’s faithfulness. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2155 | PSA | 61 | 1 | y257 | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
2156 | PSA | 61 | 1 | w7m6 | 0 | on a stringed instrument | “people should play a stringed instrument with this song” | ||
2157 | PSA | 61 | 1 | dkq1 | figs-doublet | 0 | Hear my cry, God; attend to my prayer | These clauses have a similar meaning. Alternate translation: “God, listen to me and answer my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2158 | PSA | 61 | 2 | z96p | figs-metaphor | 0 | lead me to the rock that is higher than I | Here the writer speaks of God as if he were a high rock that he could climb for protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2159 | PSA | 61 | 4 | fq5b | figs-metaphor | 0 | take refuge under the shelter of your wings | Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Here there is a second metaphor that speaks of Yahweh’s protection as if he was a hen protecting her baby chicks under her wings. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection as a chick is safe under the wings of its mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2160 | PSA | 61 | 5 | yk96 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you have given me the inheritance | The writer speaks of God’s blessings as if they were an inheritance that he has received. Alternate translation: “you have given to me the blessings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2161 | PSA | 61 | 5 | jwf1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | who honor your name | Here “your name” means God himself. Alternate translation: “who honor you” or “who have an awesome respect for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2162 | PSA | 61 | 6 | f381 | figs-parallelism | 0 | You will prolong…many generations | These two clauses have similar meanings. The idea is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2163 | PSA | 61 | 6 | m1j7 | 0 | You will prolong the king’s life | “You will extend the king’s life” or “You will cause the king’s life to last a long time” | ||
2164 | PSA | 61 | 6 | dq7t | figs-metonymy | 0 | his years will be like many generations | Here “years” refers to how long the king will live. Alternate translation: “he will live for many generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2165 | PSA | 61 | 7 | j14f | figs-explicit | 0 | He will remain before God forever | Here “to remain before God” means to be in God’s presence or to be with God. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “God will be with him forever” or “God will be with the king forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2166 | PSA | 61 | 8 | ut6s | figs-metonymy | 0 | I will sing praise to your name forever | Here “name” stands for God himself. Alternate translation: “I will always sing praise to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2167 | PSA | 61 | 8 | yd7n | 0 | my vows | These refer to the promise to offer sacrifices to God every day. | ||
2168 | PSA | 62 | intro | dc2q | 0 | Psalm 062 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 62 is a psalm of deliverance. It expresses trust that God will save the psalmist from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) Special concepts in this chapterTrustAlthough the psalmist’s enemies have attacked him when he was feeling weak, he trusts in God to deliver him. God is powerful and kind. | |||
2169 | PSA | 62 | 1 | fc8k | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | This psalm is a song about God’s faithfulness. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2170 | PSA | 62 | 1 | a4ay | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
2171 | PSA | 62 | 1 | zun4 | translate-names | 0 | Jeduthun | One of David’s chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. See how you translated this in Psalms 39:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
2172 | PSA | 62 | 1 | l5l8 | 0 | my salvation comes from him | “he is the one who rescues me” or “he is the one who saves me” | ||
2173 | PSA | 62 | 2 | hy6d | figs-metaphor | 0 | He alone is my rock and my salvation | The writer speaks of God’s ability to protect him as if God were a rock. Alternate translation: “He is the only one who can protect and rescue me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2174 | PSA | 62 | 2 | ngh3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he is my high tower | The writer speaks of God’s ability to protect him as if God were a high tower. Alternate translation: “he keeps me away from the grasp of my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2175 | PSA | 62 | 2 | s4ie | figs-activepassive | 0 | I will not be greatly moved | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing can ever move me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2176 | PSA | 62 | 3 | b6ts | 0 | all of you | “my enemies” or “all my enemies” | ||
2177 | PSA | 62 | 3 | z326 | figs-rquestion | 0 | How long…will you attack a man…or a shaky fence? | David uses a rhetorical question to express his frustration. No answer is expected. Alternate translation: “It seems like my enemies will never stop attacking me. I feel that I am as weak against you as a leaning wall or a broken-down fence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2178 | PSA | 62 | 3 | c4q6 | 0 | attack a man | “attack me” | ||
2179 | PSA | 62 | 4 | n82a | 0 | They consult with him only to | “They intend to” or “They plan to” | ||
2180 | PSA | 62 | 4 | a18i | 0 | consult with him…bring him…bless him…curse him | In these verses, David is referring to himself by “him.” | ||
2181 | PSA | 62 | 4 | j3uz | figs-metonymy | 0 | with their mouths | This refers to their speech or their words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2182 | PSA | 62 | 4 | zqm3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | in their hearts | This refers to their thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2183 | PSA | 62 | 5 | nl4l | 0 | my hope is set on him | “for I place my hope in him” | ||
2184 | PSA | 62 | 6 | fy6x | figs-metaphor | 0 | He alone is my rock and my salvation; he is my high tower | The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock and a high tower. Both of these metaphors show how God provides protection from one’s enemies. Here “salvation” means that God rescues the writer. See how you translated this in Psalms 62:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2185 | PSA | 62 | 6 | izy6 | figs-activepassive | 0 | I will not be moved | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing can move me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2186 | PSA | 62 | 7 | c9fh | figs-metaphor | 0 | the rock of my strength and my refuge are in God | The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock that keeps one safe from his enemies. He also speaks of God as if he were a shelter that provides protection. Alternate translation: “God always gives me strength and protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2187 | PSA | 62 | 8 | yq3j | figs-idiom | 0 | pour out your heart | This refers to telling God your inner feelings as if you were pouring out a liquid. Alternate translation: “give your deepest concerns to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2188 | PSA | 62 | 8 | ss3p | figs-inclusive | 0 | refuge for us | The word “us” refers to David and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) | |
2189 | PSA | 62 | 9 | zu93 | figs-merism | 0 | men of low standing…men of high standing are a lie | This refers to men of all levels of wealth and importance. The phrases “are vanity” and “are a lie” have the same meaning. One cannot confidently trust in anyone. Alternate translation: “you cannot place your trust in men, no matter how important they are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2190 | PSA | 62 | 9 | ckm7 | 0 | weighed together, they are lighter than nothing | If you put all of these kinds of men together on a scale, they would have no weight. This means that they have no real value to you. | ||
2191 | PSA | 62 | 10 | ubx1 | figs-doublet | 0 | oppression or robbery | These two words have basically the same meaning. You cannot trust in money that you get by taking it from other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2192 | PSA | 62 | 10 | eu3d | figs-metaphor | 0 | for they will bear no fruit | The writer speaks of riches as if they were trees or vines that could bear fruit. Alternate translation: “for they will provide nothing good for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2193 | PSA | 62 | 10 | j6sj | figs-idiom | 0 | do not fix your heart on them | Here “fix your heart” is an idiom that means to desire something greatly. Alternate translation: “do not desire them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2194 | PSA | 62 | 11 | x8ts | 0 | God has spoken once, twice have I heard this | This means that God has said this more than once. | ||
2195 | PSA | 62 | 11 | kc1v | figs-metaphor | 0 | power belongs to God | God being characterized by power is spoken of as if power belonged to him. The abstract noun “power” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “God is powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2196 | PSA | 62 | 12 | n56f | figs-metaphor | 0 | Also to you, Lord, belongs covenant faithfulness | God being characterized by covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if covenant faithfulness belonged to him. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “You, Lord, are also faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2197 | PSA | 62 | 12 | gl1p | figs-metaphor | 0 | for you pay back every person for what he has done | The writer speaks of God’s rewards as if he were paying a wage for work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2198 | PSA | 63 | intro | py5b | 0 | Psalm 063 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 63 is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapterPraiseThe author praises God for who he is and for having protected him. | |||
2199 | PSA | 63 | 1 | rct4 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2200 | PSA | 63 | 1 | jrr4 | 0 | A psalm of David | Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. | ||
2201 | PSA | 63 | 1 | d7d1 | 0 | earnestly | sincerely | ||
2202 | PSA | 63 | 1 | c3we | figs-parallelism | 0 | my soul thirsts for you, and my flesh longs for you | These two clauses have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how greatly the writer desires to be with God. Alternate translation: “my whole being greatly desires to be with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2203 | PSA | 63 | 1 | x4mg | 0 | dry and weary land | “hot, dry desert” | ||
2204 | PSA | 63 | 3 | w2ui | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Because your covenant faithfulness is better than life, my lips | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adverb and the abstract noun “life” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I value you being faithful to your covenant more than I value living, so my lips” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2205 | PSA | 63 | 3 | cx75 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my lips will praise you | Here “my lips” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2206 | PSA | 63 | 4 | vx4a | figs-metonymy | 0 | I will lift up my hands in your name | Here “in your name” means “to you.” Alternate translation: “I will worship you and pray to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2207 | PSA | 63 | 5 | x5ky | figs-simile | 0 | It will be as if I ate a meal of marrow and fatness | Here the writer speaks of knowing and worshiping God as being more satisfying than eating a good meal. Alternate translation: “I will be happier than a person who eats a meal of fat and choice food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2208 | PSA | 63 | 5 | y596 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | with joyful lips my mouth will praise you | Here “with joyful lips my mouth” represents the whole person who will praise God joyfully. Alternate translation: “I will praise you joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2209 | PSA | 63 | 6 | a4ez | figs-parallelism | 0 | when I think about you on my bed…in the night hours | These two clauses have the same meaning. The ideas are repeated to emphasize how much the writer thinks about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2210 | PSA | 63 | 7 | ca2e | figs-metaphor | 0 | in the shadow of your wings I rejoice | The writer speaks of God as if he were a bird protecting its young under his wings. Alternate translation: “I rejoice because you protect me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2211 | PSA | 63 | 8 | y8gh | 0 | I cling to you | “I need you” or “I depend on you” | ||
2212 | PSA | 63 | 8 | ua1a | figs-metonymy | 0 | your right hand supports me | Here, the right hand is used as a symbol of strength and power. Alternate translation: “you support me” or “you lift me up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2213 | PSA | 63 | 9 | tm7l | figs-explicit | 0 | will go down into the lowest parts of the earth | This means they will die and go to the place of the dead. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “will die and descend into the place of the dead” or “will die and go down into the place of the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2214 | PSA | 63 | 10 | y78j | figs-metonymy | 0 | they will be given over to those whose hands use the sword | Here “the sword” represents death in battle, and “those whose hands use the sword” refers to enemies who kill them in battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will cause them to die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2215 | PSA | 63 | 10 | i1md | figs-explicit | 0 | they will become food for the jackals | Here “they” refers to the corpses of those who die in battle. Alternate translation: “jackals will eat their dead bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2216 | PSA | 63 | 10 | ru7l | 0 | the jackals | “jackals” here are a kind of long-legged wild dog. They feed on carrion, game, and fruit. | ||
2217 | PSA | 63 | 11 | q4st | figs-explicit | 0 | the king will | David is speaking about himself. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “I, the king of Israel, will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2218 | PSA | 63 | 11 | lcq4 | 0 | swears by him…proud of him | The word “him” refers to “God.” | ||
2219 | PSA | 63 | 11 | a434 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | but the mouth of those who speak lies will be stopped up | Here “the mouth” represents the whole person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but God will silence the liars” or “but God will silence those who lie” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2220 | PSA | 64 | intro | t6rs | 0 | Psalm 064 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 64 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterPlotting of enemiesThe author’s enemies have plotted against him but God has saved him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) | |||
2221 | PSA | 64 | 1 | b1fk | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2222 | PSA | 64 | 1 | j144 | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
2223 | PSA | 64 | 1 | y5d6 | 0 | preserve | save | ||
2224 | PSA | 64 | 2 | aj26 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Hide me from the secret plotting of evildoers | Here “Hide” represents protecting, and “the secret plotting of evildoers represents” represents the harm that evildoers secretly plan to do to David. Alternate translation: “Protect me from the harm that evil doers secretly plan to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2225 | PSA | 64 | 2 | czb5 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | from the commotion | The words “hide me” are understood from the previous phrase and can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “hide me from the commotion” or “protect me from the commotion”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
2226 | PSA | 64 | 2 | u721 | 0 | the commotion of the doers of iniquity | Possible meanings are that “commotion” refers to (1) a noisy disturbance. Alternate translation: “the noisy disturbance that the doers of iniquity make” or (2) a crowd that makes a noisy disturbance. Alternate translation: “the noisy crowd of doers of iniquity” | ||
2227 | PSA | 64 | 3 | zhn8 | figs-simile | 0 | They have sharpened their tongues like swords | The writer speaks of his enemies’ tongues as if they were as sharp as swords. Here “tongues” represents the harsh words that the enemies speak. Alternate translation: “The harsh things that they say hurt me like a sharp sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2228 | PSA | 64 | 3 | ugs8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | arrows, bitter words | The writer speaks of his enemies’ bitter words as if they were arrows being shot at him. Alternate translation: “bitter words which pierce me like arrows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2229 | PSA | 64 | 5 | blg6 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Who will see us? | The evildoers do not expect an answer to their question because they think no one will see them. Alternate translation: “No one will see what we are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2230 | PSA | 64 | 6 | jn8k | figs-metaphor | 0 | The inner thoughts and hearts of man are deep | The writer speaks of man’s “inner thoughts” and “hearts of man” as if they were a deep body of water that no one can explore all the way to the bottom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2231 | PSA | 64 | 6 | mfc5 | figs-doublet | 0 | inner thoughts…hearts of man | Both of these phrases refer to man’s private or inner thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2232 | PSA | 64 | 7 | g91b | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues to speak of the “evildoers” of Psalms 64:1. | ||
2233 | PSA | 64 | 7 | a77p | figs-metaphor | 0 | But God will shoot them…with his arrows | The writer speaks of God’s punishment of the evildoers as if God were shooting arrows at them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2234 | PSA | 64 | 8 | xs48 | figs-metaphor | 0 | They will be made to stumble | The writer speaks of God’s causing the evildoers’ plans to fail as if God were making them stumble in their paths. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will make them stumble” or “God will cause their plans to fail” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2235 | PSA | 64 | 8 | f4zp | figs-metonymy | 0 | since their own tongues are against them | Here “tongues” represents the words that they say. Alternate translation: “since the words that they say are against them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2236 | PSA | 64 | 9 | gv21 | 0 | what he has done | “what God has done” | ||
2237 | PSA | 64 | 10 | v64d | figs-metaphor | 0 | take refuge in him | Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to him for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2238 | PSA | 64 | 10 | pzy4 | figs-idiom | 0 | all the upright in heart will take pride in him | Here “upright in heart” is an idiom that means godly or righteous. Alternate translation: “all the people who are godly will praise him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2239 | PSA | 65 | intro | zl1t | 0 | Psalm 065 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 65 is a psalm of praise to God. Special concepts in this chapterGod’s powerGod answered prayers and gave the people justice and hope. God created nature and controls it, sending rain so the grain and pastures grow well. | |||
2240 | PSA | 65 | 1 | g299 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | This psalm is a song of praise. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2241 | PSA | 65 | 1 | qt1y | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
2242 | PSA | 65 | 1 | ce6n | figs-personification | 0 | For you, God in Zion, our praise waits | This speaks of praise as if it were a person who could act on its own. Alternate translation: “To you alone, God in Zion, we will offer our praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2243 | PSA | 65 | 1 | sw4a | figs-activepassive | 0 | our vows will be carried out to you | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we will do what we have promised you that we would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2244 | PSA | 65 | 3 | z8fr | figs-personification | 0 | Iniquities prevail against us | David speaks about iniquity as if it were a person that is able to defeat or oppress. Alternate translation: “It is as if our own sins were defeating us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2245 | PSA | 65 | 3 | wz7b | 0 | you will forgive them | The word “them” refers to our “iniquities.” | ||
2246 | PSA | 65 | 4 | s325 | 0 | whom you choose…your courts | The words “you” and “your” in this verse refer to Yahweh. | ||
2247 | PSA | 65 | 4 | r5l8 | figs-hyperbole | 0 | live in your courts | This exaggeration expresses that the man is in the temple very frequently to worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “worship often in your courts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
2248 | PSA | 65 | 4 | g4b9 | figs-activepassive | 0 | We will be satisfied with the goodness of your house, your holy temple | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The goodness of your house, your holy temple, will satisfy us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2249 | PSA | 65 | 4 | x47k | figs-exclusive | 0 | We will be | Here the word “we” refers to David and the people of Israel, but not to God, to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2250 | PSA | 65 | 4 | re8y | 0 | your house, your holy temple | “your house, which is your holy temple” | ||
2251 | PSA | 65 | 5 | g2mg | 0 | In righteousness | “Because you are righteous” | ||
2252 | PSA | 65 | 5 | q2jg | 0 | you who are | “you are” | ||
2253 | PSA | 65 | 5 | f2m8 | figs-doublet | 0 | of all the ends of the earth…across the sea | These two phrases have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “of all the people who live throughout the earth and across the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2254 | PSA | 65 | 5 | m7rv | figs-metonymy | 0 | of all the ends of the earth | This refers to the people who live all over the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2255 | PSA | 65 | 6 | sza2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you who are belted with strength | The writer speaks of God as if he wore his strength like a belt. Alternate translation: “showing that you are very powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2256 | PSA | 65 | 7 | q7ky | figs-parallelism | 0 | the roaring of the seas, the roaring of their waves | These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to create a vivid impression on the hearer or reader. Alternate translation: “the continuous roaring of the seas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2257 | PSA | 65 | 7 | r4p4 | 0 | roaring | a loud noise caused by the wind and waves | ||
2258 | PSA | 65 | 7 | uww2 | 0 | the commotion of the peoples | This is also something that God makes quiet. | ||
2259 | PSA | 65 | 7 | dyr9 | 0 | commotion | loud noise | ||
2260 | PSA | 65 | 8 | u5vn | 0 | evidence | proof or something that shows that another thing is true | ||
2261 | PSA | 65 | 8 | vup2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | you make the east and the west rejoice | The phrase “the east and the west” refers to the people who live all over the earth. Alternate translation: “you cause people everywhere to shout joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
2262 | PSA | 65 | 9 | e5cr | 0 | help the earth | This refers to the soil of the earth. | ||
2263 | PSA | 65 | 9 | mt8r | 0 | you greatly enrich it | “you make the soil very good so that good things will grow in it” | ||
2264 | PSA | 65 | 9 | rfe2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the river of God is full of water | This refers to the supply of water in the sky that God sends to water the earth and fill the streams. Alternate translation: “you fill the streams with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2265 | PSA | 65 | 10 | zg5e | figs-you | 0 | You…you…you…you | The writer is speaking to Yahweh, so these words are all singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
2266 | PSA | 65 | 10 | d2yu | 0 | its furrows | “the earth’s furrows” | ||
2267 | PSA | 65 | 10 | v5qu | 0 | furrows | A furrow is a long narrow trench made in the ground for planting seeds or for watering the field where grains have been planted. | ||
2268 | PSA | 65 | 10 | l2ln | 0 | ridges | edges | ||
2269 | PSA | 65 | 11 | r7wm | figs-you | 0 | You…your | The words “You” and “your” refer to Yahweh and so are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
2270 | PSA | 65 | 11 | pc5y | figs-personification | 0 | You crown the year with your goodness | Here the “year” is given the human quality of wearing a crown. Alternate translation: “You have honored the year with a good harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2271 | PSA | 65 | 11 | q39j | figs-metaphor | 0 | your wagon tracks overflow with abundance | Yahweh making the soil so good and fertile that it produces an abundant harvest is spoken of as if Yahweh were traveling through an empty land in a cart, leaving abundant food behind wherever he goes. Alternate translation: “everywhere you have been, you have left abundant food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2272 | PSA | 65 | 12 | f7hf | 0 | The pastures…drip with dew | There is so much dew in the pastures that they are said to drip with it. Alternate translation: “The pastures…are full of dew” or “Much dew drips in the pastures of the wilderness” | ||
2273 | PSA | 65 | 12 | m2ds | figs-personification | 0 | the hills are clothed with joy | The writer speaks of the beauty of the hills as if they were joyful people, and of joy as if it were clothing. Alternate translation: “the hills are like people wearing joy” or “the hills are like joyful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2274 | PSA | 65 | 13 | l7rv | 0 | The pastures are clothed with flocks | The writer speaks of the pastures as being so covered with flocks that it is like the pastures are wearing a garment. | ||
2275 | PSA | 65 | 13 | le4m | 0 | pastures | a large field where animals feed on the grass | ||
2276 | PSA | 65 | 13 | h9k9 | 0 | flocks | group of animals, such as sheep and goats | ||
2277 | PSA | 65 | 13 | kh7i | figs-personification | 0 | they shout for joy, and they sing | The pastures, hills and valleys are so bountiful, that they seem to shout and sing for joy. Alternate translation: “they are like joyful singing people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2278 | PSA | 65 | 13 | e1qd | 0 | they shout | The word “they” refers to the pastures and valleys. | ||
2279 | PSA | 66 | intro | xwm8 | 0 | Psalm 066 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 66 is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapterYahweh savesJust as God brought Israel through the wilderness, he took the author through hard times but saved him. The author will worship God by sacrificing animals to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) | |||
2280 | PSA | 66 | 1 | wxl5 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | This psalm is a song of praise. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2281 | PSA | 66 | 1 | kzn5 | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
2282 | PSA | 66 | 1 | cmh2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Make a joyful noise to God, all the earth | A “joyful noise to God” represents singing and shouting praises to God. Alternate translation: “Let all the earth sing and shout joyfully to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2283 | PSA | 66 | 1 | j76g | figs-metonymy | 0 | all the earth | This refers to all the people who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “everyone on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2284 | PSA | 66 | 2 | si2u | figs-parallelism | 0 | Sing out the glory of his name; make his praise glorious | These phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize how wonderful God is. Alternate translation: “Sing about how wonderful God’s name is; sing wonderful praise about how great God is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2285 | PSA | 66 | 2 | n3za | figs-metonymy | 0 | the glory of his name | God’s name here represents God himself. Alternate translation: “his glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2286 | PSA | 66 | 3 | sr8b | 0 | How terrifying are your deeds | The works of God cause us to be in awe and terrified because we know he is powerful and holy. | ||
2287 | PSA | 66 | 3 | id4t | 0 | By the greatness of your power | “Because you have great power” | ||
2288 | PSA | 66 | 4 | p1ln | figs-metonymy | 0 | All the earth will worship you | This refers to all of the people who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “All the people on earth will worship you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2289 | PSA | 66 | 4 | y7hi | figs-metonymy | 0 | they will sing to your name | Here “your name” refers to God himself. Alternate translation: “they will praise and honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2290 | PSA | 66 | 5 | vn26 | 0 | he…his | These words refer to God. | ||
2291 | PSA | 66 | 5 | y91w | 0 | he is fearsome in his deeds toward the sons of mankind | “he causes people to feel fear and wonder when they see his deeds” | ||
2292 | PSA | 66 | 5 | ebc3 | 0 | the sons of mankind | “humanity” | ||
2293 | PSA | 66 | 6 | t4bb | 0 | He…him | These words refer to God. | ||
2294 | PSA | 66 | 6 | ipc9 | figs-explicit | 0 | He turned the sea into dry land; they went through the river on foot | This refers to the crossing of the Red Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2295 | PSA | 66 | 6 | dbi6 | 0 | they went | The word “they” refers to God’s people, the Israelites. | ||
2296 | PSA | 66 | 6 | c4mh | figs-inclusive | 0 | we rejoiced | The word “we” refers to the Israelites, their ancestors, David, and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) | |
2297 | PSA | 66 | 7 | fhu2 | 0 | He…his | These words refer to God. | ||
2298 | PSA | 66 | 7 | v55x | figs-synecdoche | 0 | his eyes | These phrase “his eyes” refers to God himself. Alternate translation: “he sees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2299 | PSA | 66 | 7 | csw4 | 0 | let not the rebellious exalt themselves | “let not the rebellious people exalt themselves” or “let not the rebellious people be proud” | ||
2300 | PSA | 66 | 8 | p33g | figs-parallelism | 0 | Give blessing to God…let the sound of his praise be heard | These two clauses have similar meanings. The idea is repeated to emphasize the importance of praising God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2301 | PSA | 66 | 9 | nub8 | figs-inclusive | 0 | us…our | These words refer to David and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) | |
2302 | PSA | 66 | 9 | qfj9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he does not permit our feet to slip | The writer speaks of God’s protection as preventing his people from slipping as they walk or falling off a cliff. Alternate translation: “he has not allowed us to fall into disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2303 | PSA | 66 | 11 | eq4q | figs-metaphor | 0 | You brought us into a net | The writer speaks of God’s punishment as if God had captured his people in a net. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2304 | PSA | 66 | 11 | wp2k | 0 | a net | a trap for a bird or an animal | ||
2305 | PSA | 66 | 11 | ib6n | figs-metaphor | 0 | you laid a heavy burden on our backs | The writer speaks of what the people have endured as having to carry heavy loads on their backs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2306 | PSA | 66 | 12 | el5w | figs-metaphor | 0 | You made people ride over our heads | This is a picture of being horribly defeated in battle. Alternate translation: “It is as if our enemies defeated us in battle and then drove their chariots over our fallen bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2307 | PSA | 66 | 12 | ua43 | figs-metaphor | 0 | went through fire and water | God tested them with natural disasters like fires and floods. Alternate translation: “we suffered like people who suffer from fires and floods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
2308 | PSA | 66 | 12 | t7hr | figs-metaphor | 0 | spacious place | The writer speaks of the blessings that the people of Israel now have as if they had been brought into a wide open space where they are safe. Alternate translation: “open place where we are safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2309 | PSA | 66 | 14 | t3nu | figs-synecdoche | 0 | which my lips promised and my mouth spoke | Here “lips” and “mouth” refer to the words of promise that were spoken. Alternate translation: “which I promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2310 | PSA | 66 | 15 | fl6u | 0 | aroma of rams | “smell of the smoke of sacrificed rams” | ||
2311 | PSA | 66 | 16 | kd6i | figs-synecdoche | 0 | I will declare what he has done for my soul | The word “soul” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will tell you what he has done for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2312 | PSA | 66 | 17 | utu4 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | I cried to him with my mouth | The word “mouth” represents the whole person who cries out to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2313 | PSA | 66 | 17 | s7eh | figs-activepassive | 0 | he was praised with my tongue | Here “tongue” represents words or speech. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I praised him with my tongue” or “I praised him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2314 | PSA | 66 | 18 | f2m2 | 0 | seen sin | “loved sin” or “held iniquity” | ||
2315 | PSA | 66 | 18 | kk8n | figs-explicit | 0 | would not have listened to me | Here “would not have listened” implies that God would not have answered his prayer. This can be made clear in the translation. Alternate translation: “would not have heard me call out to him” or “he would not have answered my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2316 | PSA | 66 | 19 | n9pa | figs-parallelism | 0 | But God has truly heard; he has paid attention | These two clauses have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize that God has heard his prayer. Alternate translation: “But God has truly heard my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2317 | PSA | 66 | 19 | itl3 | figs-personification | 0 | the voice of my prayer | Here the author’s prayer is given the personal quality of having a voice. Alternate translation: “my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2318 | PSA | 66 | 20 | sj37 | 0 | who has not turned away my prayer | Here “turned away’ represents ignoring his prayer. Alternate translation: “who has not ignored my prayer” | ||
2319 | PSA | 66 | 20 | p1vb | figs-explicit | 0 | or his covenant faithfulness from me | The phrase “has not turned away” is understood from the previous phrase and can be repeated here. The idea of “his covenant faithfulness” can be translated with the phrase “being faithful to his covenant.” Alternate translation: “and has not turned away his covenant faithfulness from me” or “and has not stopped being faithful to his covenant with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2320 | PSA | 67 | intro | g3hz | 0 | Psalm 067 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 67 is a worship psalm. Special concepts in this chapterPraisePeople all over the world should be praising God. | |||
2321 | PSA | 67 | 1 | w6h8 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2322 | PSA | 67 | 1 | v59b | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
2323 | PSA | 67 | 1 | d6gg | 0 | on stringed instruments | “people should play stringed instruments with this song” | ||
2324 | PSA | 67 | 1 | h266 | figs-metaphor | 0 | cause his face to shine on us | The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. Alternate translation: “act favorably towards us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2325 | PSA | 67 | 2 | y8i3 | figs-activepassive | 0 | your ways may be known on earth | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people may know your ways on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2326 | PSA | 67 | 2 | ahn5 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | your salvation among all nations | The writer desires for everyone to know that God has the power to save them. This can be made clear in the translation. Alternate translation: “and the people of all nations may know that you have the power to save them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2327 | PSA | 67 | 4 | w7lh | figs-metonymy | 0 | let the nations…govern the nations | Here “nations” represents the people who live in all the nations on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2328 | PSA | 67 | 4 | g91t | 0 | with justice | “fairly” or “justly” | ||
2329 | PSA | 67 | 5 | e74n | figs-parallelism | 0 | Let the peoples praise you…let all the peoples praise you | The second clause intensifies the meaning of the first to emphasize how important it is to praise God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2330 | PSA | 67 | 6 | ew33 | figs-personification | 0 | The earth has yielded its harvest | Here the writer speaks of “the earth” as if it has chosen to provide a harvest to the people. Alternate translation: “We have reaped a bountiful harvest from our crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2331 | PSA | 67 | 7 | m77g | figs-metonymy | 0 | all the ends of the earth honor him | This means that people everywhere should honor God because of his blessings. Alternate translation: “I desire that all people everywhere on the earth may have an awesome respect for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2332 | PSA | 68 | intro | i82v | 0 | Psalm 068 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 68 is a worship psalm. Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s greatnessGod is exceedingly great. He takes care of the weak and helpless. He is glorious in his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) No Common ThemeScholars have found this psalm the most difficult to interpret. There does not appear to be any unity to this psalm. | |||
2333 | PSA | 68 | 1 | c4xg | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2334 | PSA | 68 | 1 | mf9s | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
2335 | PSA | 68 | 1 | e798 | 0 | A psalm of David | Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. | ||
2336 | PSA | 68 | 1 | ebe6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Let God arise | God beginning to act is spoke of as if he stands up. Alternate translation: “Let God begin to act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2337 | PSA | 68 | 1 | e3kc | figs-activepassive | 0 | let his enemies be scattered | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let God chase away his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2338 | PSA | 68 | 2 | ea3v | figs-metaphor | 0 | As smoke is driven away, so drive them away | God’s enemies are spoken of as if they are smoke that is easily blown away by the wind. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Drive them away as the wind blows away smoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2339 | PSA | 68 | 2 | s3mi | figs-metaphor | 0 | as wax melts before the fire | God’s enemies are spoken of as if they are wax that is easily melted by a fire. Alternate translation: “cause them to disappear as wax melts before a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2340 | PSA | 68 | 2 | ea8r | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked | This refers to the wicked people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
2341 | PSA | 68 | 3 | s74b | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the righteous | This refers to the righteous people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
2342 | PSA | 68 | 3 | e8rg | figs-doublet | 0 | rejoice and be happy | These means the same thing and emphasizes the amount of joy they feel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2343 | PSA | 68 | 4 | u8td | figs-metonymy | 0 | to his name | This refers to God. Alternate translation: “to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2344 | PSA | 68 | 4 | mtd6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the one who rides through the plains | God’s presence among people is spoken of as if he rides on the earth in a horse or chariot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2345 | PSA | 68 | 5 | nn11 | figs-metaphor | 0 | A father of the fatherless | God is spoken of as a compassionate God who acts like a father to orphans. Alternate translation: “One who acts like a father to children who have no parents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2346 | PSA | 68 | 5 | jev5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | a judge of the widows | God is spoken of as a merciful God who protects widows. Alternate translation: “a protector of widows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2347 | PSA | 68 | 6 | ae7w | figs-metaphor | 0 | God puts the lonely into families | God is spoken of as if he places lonely people into families. “God provides families for those who have no one to live with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2348 | PSA | 68 | 6 | pki3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he brings out the prisoners with singing | God is spoken of as the one who leads prisoners out of their confinement. Alternate translation: “God frees prisoners and makes them sing with happiness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2349 | PSA | 68 | 6 | ri2g | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the rebellious | This nominal adjective refers to rebellious people and can be translated with either an adjective or a noun. Alternate translation: “rebellious people” or “people who rebel against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
2350 | PSA | 68 | 6 | xq7k | figs-metaphor | 0 | a parched land | God’s punishment of the rebellious is spoken of as if he forces them to live in a hot desert land. Alternate translation: “a very hot and dry land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2351 | PSA | 68 | 7 | txl9 | 0 | General Information: | David begins to tell the story of God leading the Israelites through the desert to Mt. Sinai. | ||
2352 | PSA | 68 | 7 | nqa1 | figs-parallelism | 0 | when you went out…when you marched through | These two phrases refer to the same event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2353 | PSA | 68 | 7 | vqt5 | 0 | you went out before your people | “you led your people” | ||
2354 | PSA | 68 | 7 | ba2j | figs-metaphor | 0 | when you marched through the wilderness | God is spoken of as if he was a soldier marching ahead of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2355 | PSA | 68 | 8 | t35q | 0 | the heavens also dropped rain…God’s presence | “God caused it to rain” | ||
2356 | PSA | 68 | 8 | br66 | figs-parallelism | 0 | in the presence of God | This idiom here refers to God’s appearance before the Israelites. Alternate translation: “when God appeared to the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2357 | PSA | 68 | 9 | p896 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you strengthened your inheritance when it was weary | The land of Israel is spoken of as if it was a person who could be weary, or could gain strength. Alternate translation: “you caused the land to produce good crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2358 | PSA | 68 | 9 | h87l | figs-metaphor | 0 | your inheritance | The land that God gave to the Israelites is spoken of as if it was an inheritance that a father passed on to his children. Alternate translation: “the land that you gave to us Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2359 | PSA | 68 | 10 | k4fw | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the poor | This refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
2360 | PSA | 68 | 11 | uv8e | 0 | General Information: | David continues the story of the journey of the Israelites through the desert. In this part of the story, the Israelites are victorious in war over their enemies. | ||
2361 | PSA | 68 | 11 | t91n | figs-metaphor | 0 | those who announced them…army | The large number of people told the Lord’s message to others. They are spoken of as if there were a large army. Since this phrase is feminine, some versions translate it as, “the women who announced them…army.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2362 | PSA | 68 | 12 | bm73 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Kings of armies flee, they flee | The kings represent themselves and their entire armies. It is understood that they flee because they are defeated by Israel’s army. Alternate translation: “Kings and their armies flee from us because they are defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2363 | PSA | 68 | 12 | gj9s | 0 | plunder | things that are taken from the defeated army and brought to the victorious army’s home. | ||
2364 | PSA | 68 | 13 | u9e3 | 0 | doves covered with silver…gold | This means that some of the plunder is very valuable because it is covered with precious metals. | ||
2365 | PSA | 68 | 13 | m4ps | figs-rquestion | 0 | When some of you people stayed among the sheepfolds, why did you do this? | This question is used to rebuke the people who did not participate in the battle. Alternate translation: “Those who stayed among the sheepfolds should not have stayed; they should have gone to the battle.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2366 | PSA | 68 | 14 | zi84 | figs-simile | 0 | scattered kings there…snowed on Mount Zalmon | There were so many dead kings and soldiers on the mountain that they are spoken of as if they were snow covering the mountain. Alternate translation: “defeated so many enemy kings and soldiers there that they were like snowflakes covering Mount Zalmon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2367 | PSA | 68 | 14 | qik2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | scattered kings | Here “kings” refers to their armies as well. Alternate translation: “scattered the enemy kings and their armies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2368 | PSA | 68 | 14 | d4j9 | translate-names | 0 | Mount Zalmon | This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
2369 | PSA | 68 | 15 | j4i6 | figs-parallelism | 0 | A mighty mountain is the…a high mountain is the | These two phrase have similar meanings and are used together to strengthen each other. Alternate translation: “a mighty and high mountain is the hill country of Bashan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2370 | PSA | 68 | 16 | g53a | figs-rquestion | 0 | Why do you look in envy…for the place he will live? | This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “The high hill country of Bashan should not look in envy at the mountain which God desires for the place he will live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2371 | PSA | 68 | 17 | gr2n | translate-numbers | 0 | twenty thousand, thousands upon thousands | This is probably not meant to be an exact number, but to indicate a large number. Alternate translation: “many thousands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
2372 | PSA | 68 | 18 | z2qx | 0 | ascended | To “ascend” is to move up, to go toward the sky. | ||
2373 | PSA | 68 | 19 | g3s6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | daily bears our burdens | “carries our heavy loads every day.” The Lord’s care for his people is spoken of as if he was physically carrying their troubles as a burden. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2374 | PSA | 68 | 19 | t8d1 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the God who is our salvation | The words “is our salvation” can be translated with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “the God who saves us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2375 | PSA | 68 | 21 | w9jd | figs-metaphor | 0 | will strike through the heads of his enemies | God is spoken of as a warrior who will kill his enemies by striking them in their heads in order to kill them. Alternate translation: “will kill his enemies by striking them in the head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2376 | PSA | 68 | 21 | kk8w | figs-explicit | 0 | the hairy scalps | It seems to have been the custom for soldiers not to cut their hair during the time of war. Alternate translation: “the long-haired skulls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2377 | PSA | 68 | 21 | u633 | figs-metaphor | 0 | walk in offenses against him | Offending God is spoken of as walking among the offenses. Alternate translation: “habitually offend him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2378 | PSA | 68 | 22 | f82v | 0 | I will bring them back | The word “them” refers to God’s enemies. | ||
2379 | PSA | 68 | 22 | t4dp | figs-metaphor | 0 | the depths of the sea | This speaks of the most remote parts of the earth where people might try to escape from God as if they were the depths of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2380 | PSA | 68 | 23 | qyf9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | crush your enemies | The total destruction of Israel’s enemies is spoken of as if the Israelites had crushed them under their feet. Alternate translation: “totally defeat your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2381 | PSA | 68 | 23 | c62p | figs-metaphor | 0 | dipping your foot in blood | The violence of from the destruction of the enemies is spoke of in very graphic form, as if the Israelites would be standing in the blood of their dead enemies. Alternate translation: “stepping in their blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2382 | PSA | 68 | 23 | g8uz | figs-metaphor | 0 | the tongues of your dogs may have their share | The bloodshed from the battle against Israel’s enemies is spoken of as if it is so extensive that the dogs will lap up the flowing blood with their tongues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2383 | PSA | 68 | 24 | k3xf | 0 | processions | A procession is a group of people walking together in an orderly manner as part of a ceremony. | ||
2384 | PSA | 68 | 25 | kyt4 | 0 | minstrels | people who play musical instruments | ||
2385 | PSA | 68 | 26 | qq11 | 0 | Bless God in the assemblies; praise Yahweh, you who are from the fountain of Israel | It may be helpful to change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “You who are from the fountain of Israel, praise Yahweh and bless God in the assembly” | ||
2386 | PSA | 68 | 26 | smi2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | from the fountain of Israel | The word “fountain” is a metaphor for the ability of the man Israel to be the ancestor of many people: as much water comes from a fountain, so Israel is the ancestor of many people. This also implies that the call is to those who serve God as the man Israel did. Alternate translation: “true descendants of Israel” or “all of you descendants from Israel”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2387 | PSA | 68 | 27 | nt5p | 0 | their multitudes | “their group.” The word “their” refers to the leaders of Judah. | ||
2388 | PSA | 68 | 28 | f4wh | 0 | Your God, Israel, has decreed your strength | Some versions understand the Hebrew text differently: “Summon your strength, God” or “Use your strength, God” | ||
2389 | PSA | 68 | 28 | f4rw | 0 | Your God, Israel, has decreed | “People of Israel, your God has decreed” | ||
2390 | PSA | 68 | 28 | wau7 | figs-exclusive | 0 | to us | The word “us” refers to the writer and the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh, to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2391 | PSA | 68 | 29 | zq5a | figs-exclusive | 0 | to us | The word “us” refers to the writer and the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh, to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
2392 | PSA | 68 | 29 | isi1 | 0 | Reveal your power to us from your temple at Jerusalem | “When you are present in the temple at Jerusalem, show us your power” | ||
2393 | PSA | 68 | 29 | fem7 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Reveal your power | The abstract noun “power” can be stated as “strong.” Alternate translation: “Show us that you are strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2394 | PSA | 68 | 30 | c8e8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the wild beasts in the reeds | Many scholars believe these wild beasts are a metaphor that refers to the people of Egypt. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the people of Egypt who are like wild beasts in the reeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2395 | PSA | 68 | 30 | g1z9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the peoples, that multitude of bulls and calves | The peoples of other nations are spoken of as if they were a large group of cattle. Alternate translation: “the powerful nations, who are like herds of bulls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2396 | PSA | 68 | 30 | c6zu | 0 | scatter | to disperse or to cause something to spread quickly in different direction | ||
2397 | PSA | 68 | 31 | n487 | figs-explicit | 0 | Princes will come out of Egypt | It is implied that these princes come from Egypt in order to offer gifts to God in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Then the leaders of Egypt will bring gifts to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2398 | PSA | 68 | 31 | c5dx | figs-metonymy | 0 | Cush | This refers to the people of Cush. Alternate translation: “The Cushites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2399 | PSA | 68 | 31 | i46u | translate-symaction | 0 | reach out with her hands to God | This is a symbolic action that represents worship to God. Alternate translation: “lift up her hands to praise God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
2400 | PSA | 68 | 32 | gn8g | figs-synecdoche | 0 | you kingdoms of the earth | Here “kingdoms” refers to the citizens of the kingdoms. Alternate translation: “you people who are citizens of kingdoms all over the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2401 | PSA | 68 | 33 | x1i6 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | To him who rides on the heaven of heavens | The word “Sing” is implied as the beginning of this verse. Here God is described as if he rides in a chariot in the sky. Alternate translation: “Sing to God who rides across the sky in his chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2402 | PSA | 68 | 33 | npf5 | figs-idiom | 0 | he lifts up his voice with power | This idiom means he speaks powerfully. Alternate translation: “he shouts powerfully” or “he speaks loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2403 | PSA | 68 | 34 | a3cn | 0 | Ascribe strength to God | “Ascribe” means to give credit to someone. Alternate translation: “Strength belongs to God” | ||
2404 | PSA | 68 | 34 | ul58 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | his strength is in the skies | The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as “powerful.” Alternate translation: “in the skies he also shows that he is powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2405 | PSA | 68 | 35 | m2ya | figs-apostrophe | 0 | God, you are fearsome in your holy place | Here the author speaks directly to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) | |
2406 | PSA | 68 | 35 | sy6i | figs-doublet | 0 | strength and power | These two words mean basically these same thing. They emphasize how much strength God provides to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2407 | PSA | 69 | intro | im3w | 0 | Psalm 069 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 69 is a psalm of deliverance. The author prays to be saved from his enemies and for them to be punished. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) Special concepts in this chapterDeliveranceThe author prays for God to rescue him from his enemies. They show him no mercy, and he asks God to show them no mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) | |||
2408 | PSA | 69 | 1 | emd2 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2409 | PSA | 69 | 1 | x1w1 | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
2410 | PSA | 69 | 1 | jj9x | 0 | set to Shoshannim | This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 45:1. | ||
2411 | PSA | 69 | 1 | b6zx | figs-metaphor | 0 | for the waters have put my life in danger | The writer describes the troubles in his life as if he were drowning in a flood of water. Alternate translation: “for it feels like I am drowning in the waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2412 | PSA | 69 | 2 | tpg9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I sink in deep mire | The writer describes the troubles in his life as if he were sinking in deep mud. Alternate translation: “For it feels like I am sinking in deep mud and will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2413 | PSA | 69 | 2 | ry13 | 0 | mire | thick mud | ||
2414 | PSA | 69 | 2 | u4k9 | figs-litotes | 0 | there is no place to stand | The writer uses a negative statement to stress how unstable and uncertain his condition is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
2415 | PSA | 69 | 2 | bt2v | figs-metaphor | 0 | I have come into deep waters, where the floods flow over me | The writer describes his problems as if he was drowning in a deep, raging river. Alternate translation: “t feels like I am in deep waters, and the floodwaters flow over me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2416 | PSA | 69 | 3 | qdk1 | 0 | weary | very tired | ||
2417 | PSA | 69 | 3 | d5w4 | figs-idiom | 0 | my eyes fail | This idiom means the writer has cried so much that his eyes do not see well any longer. Alternate translation: “my eyes are swollen from tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2418 | PSA | 69 | 4 | ks2e | figs-hyperbole | 0 | more than the hairs on my head | This is an exaggeration to express how many enemies the writer has. Alternate translation: “more than I can count, like the hairs on my head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
2419 | PSA | 69 | 4 | v3ns | figs-idiom | 0 | cut me off | This idiom means “kill me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2420 | PSA | 69 | 5 | z5mb | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | my foolishness | The abstract noun “foolishness” can be stated as “foolish.” Alternate translation: “the foolish things that I have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2421 | PSA | 69 | 5 | c1z9 | figs-litotes | 0 | my sins are not hidden from you | This can be expressed as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “you know all my sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
2422 | PSA | 69 | 6 | l21p | 0 | Let not those…let not those | “Do not let those…do not let those” | ||
2423 | PSA | 69 | 6 | d5j2 | figs-activepassive | 0 | Let not those who hope in you be put to shame because of me | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Please do not allow anyone to put those who wait for you to shame because of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2424 | PSA | 69 | 6 | ana6 | figs-activepassive | 0 | let not those who seek you be brought to dishonor because of me | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Please do not allow anyone to bring dishonor on those who seek you because of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2425 | PSA | 69 | 6 | djs5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | those who seek you | Seeking God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: (1) “those who ask you for help” or (2) “those who worship and obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2426 | PSA | 69 | 7 | se7t | 0 | For your sake | “On your behalf” or “For you” | ||
2427 | PSA | 69 | 7 | td6l | figs-metaphor | 0 | I have borne rebuke | The rebukes of the writer’s enemies are spoken of as if they are a heavy load that he has had to carry. Alternate translation: “I have endured the insults of my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2428 | PSA | 69 | 7 | l47r | figs-metaphor | 0 | shame has covered my face | The writer speaks of the shame that he feels as if it is a foul thing on his face that everyone can clearly see. Alternate translation: “I am thoroughly humiliated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2429 | PSA | 69 | 8 | f38a | figs-metaphor | 0 | I have become a stranger to my brothers | The writer speaks of himself as if he were not part of his own family. Alternate translation: “My brothers no longer know or accept me at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2430 | PSA | 69 | 8 | au3m | figs-parallelism | 0 | a stranger to my brothers…an alien to my mother’s children | These two phrases mean the same thing. They are repeated to stress his separation from his own family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2431 | PSA | 69 | 8 | w5cm | figs-ellipsis | 0 | an alien to my mother’s children | It is implied that “I have become” should be understood here. The writer speaks of himself as if he were not part of his own family. Alternate translation: “my brothers no longer know or trust me at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2432 | PSA | 69 | 9 | dwj8 | figs-personification | 0 | the zeal of your house has eaten me up | The writer speaks of his zeal for God’s temple as if it was a wild animal that devours the writer. Alternate translation: “the zeal I have for your house consumes me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2433 | PSA | 69 | 9 | d4m8 | figs-idiom | 0 | has eaten me up | This idiom means that the writer’s zeal for the temple takes over all of his thoughts and actions. Alternate translation: “completely controls all that I think and do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2434 | PSA | 69 | 9 | ckq9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the rebukes…have fallen on me | The writer speaks of the rebukes of Gods’ enemies as if they were rocks that were thrown at the writer. Alternate translation: “those who rebuke you have also thrown their rebukes at me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2435 | PSA | 69 | 10 | y39q | translate-symaction | 0 | I wept and did not eat food | The fact that the writer was fasting indicates that he was sad about the way people treated God’s temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2436 | PSA | 69 | 10 | dn9i | 0 | they insulted me | “my enemies rebuked me because of it” | ||
2437 | PSA | 69 | 11 | la4h | translate-symaction | 0 | I made sackcloth my clothing | Wearing rough, cheap clothing was a symbol of mourning over sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
2438 | PSA | 69 | 11 | q7ys | figs-metaphor | 0 | I became the object of a proverb | The writer speak of himself as if he was the sad or foolish person in a proverb. Alternate translation: “I became the example of a sad person spoken of in their proverbs” or “they laugh at me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2439 | PSA | 69 | 12 | m9ar | figs-metonymy | 0 | Those who sit in the city gate | Here “city gate” is associated with leadership of a town. Alternate translation: “The important people of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2440 | PSA | 69 | 12 | u3uq | figs-metaphor | 0 | I am a song of drunkards | The writer speaks of himself as if he was the person about whom the drunkards sing mocking songs. Alternate translation: “the drunkards of the city sing disgusting songs about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2441 | PSA | 69 | 13 | t3wv | 0 | at a time that you will accept | “in your accepted time” or “when you are willing” | ||
2442 | PSA | 69 | 13 | ye88 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | answer me in the trustworthiness of your salvation | The abstract nouns “trustworthiness” and “salvation” can be stated as “faithfully” and “rescue.” Alternate translation: “rescue me because you faithfully love me, as you have promised to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2443 | PSA | 69 | 14 | glu5 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Pull me out…do not let me sink | These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2444 | PSA | 69 | 14 | ce9q | figs-metaphor | 0 | Pull me out of the mire, and do not let me sink | The writer speaks of his danger from his enemies as if he was sinking into a pit of mud. “Do not allow me to sink anymore in the mud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2445 | PSA | 69 | 14 | q3rm | figs-idiom | 0 | let me be taken away | Here “take away” refers to being removed from danger. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “take me away” or “rescue me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2446 | PSA | 69 | 14 | zv92 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | rescued out | It is understood that “let me be” is implied here. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “please rescue me out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2447 | PSA | 69 | 14 | llk8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | rescued out of the deep waters | The writer speaks about his danger from his enemies as if he was drowning in deep water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2448 | PSA | 69 | 15 | ks55 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the floods of water overwhelm me | The writer speaks about his danger from his enemies as if flood waters were covering him completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2449 | PSA | 69 | 15 | d558 | figs-personification | 0 | the deep swallow me up | The writer speaks of the deep as if it was a deadly animal that was about to eat him. Alternate translation: “the deep waters swallow me up like a dangerous animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2450 | PSA | 69 | 15 | iz9u | figs-personification | 0 | Do not let the pit shut its mouth on me | Here the “pit” is spoken of as if it has a mouth like a person and could eat the writer. Alternate translation: “Do not let the pit consume me” or “Do not let the pit of death close over me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2451 | PSA | 69 | 16 | ywk4 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | your covenant faithfulness is good | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “you are good and faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2452 | PSA | 69 | 16 | ir4z | 0 | your mercies for me are many | “you are very merciful to me” | ||
2453 | PSA | 69 | 16 | w23e | figs-metaphor | 0 | turn to me | The idea of turning towards someone means to pay attention to them or help them. Alternate translation: “help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2454 | PSA | 69 | 17 | l6nz | figs-idiom | 0 | Do not hide your face from your servant | To hide one’s face means to refuse to hear or help someone. Alternate translation: “Please help your servant” or “Please help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2455 | PSA | 69 | 17 | fq4r | 0 | in distress | “in great trouble” | ||
2456 | PSA | 69 | 18 | a5r7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | redeem me | The writer asks God to redeem him as if the writer were a slave whose freedom God could purchase. Alternate translation: “free me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2457 | PSA | 69 | 18 | emr2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | ransom me | The writer asks God to ransom him as if the writer were a captive whose release could be paid for with money. Alternate translation: “rescue me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2458 | PSA | 69 | 19 | jv1e | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | my rebuke, my shame, and my dishonor | These abstract nouns can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “how people have rebuked me, shamed me, and dishonored me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2459 | PSA | 69 | 19 | cbu1 | figs-idiom | 0 | my adversaries are all before you | Here “before you” means that God sees and knows all about them. Alternate translation: “you know who all my enemies are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2460 | PSA | 69 | 20 | d7kg | figs-idiom | 0 | broken my heart | This idiom means a person is extremely sad. Alternate translation: “offended me deeply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2461 | PSA | 69 | 20 | dm8h | figs-metaphor | 0 | I am full of heaviness | The writer’s great sadness is spoken of as if he was full of a heavy weight. Alternate translation: “I am heavy with sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2462 | PSA | 69 | 20 | zw1r | 0 | to take pity | to feel sorrow or sadness | ||
2463 | PSA | 69 | 21 | lfl7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | They gave me poison for my food | This is probably figurative. The food that people gave to the writer was so bad that it tasted like poison. Alternate translation: “They gave me food that tasted like poison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2464 | PSA | 69 | 22 | bt4m | figs-metaphor | 0 | Let their table before them become a snare…let it become a trap | The writer would like for his enemies’ food to completely ruin them as if they were small animals caught in a snare or a trap. Alternate translation: “May their food ruin them like a snare…may it destroy them like a trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2465 | PSA | 69 | 22 | fd3h | figs-metonymy | 0 | their table | This refers to food that was served on the tables, possibly at a feast. Alternate translation: “their own food” or “sacrificial feasts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2466 | PSA | 69 | 23 | v67i | figs-metaphor | 0 | Let their eyes be darkened | The writer speaks of eyes that cannot see well as if they were darkened. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Please make them unable to see anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2467 | PSA | 69 | 23 | d56n | figs-metaphor | 0 | make their loins shake | Weak backs are spoken of as if they are shaking in weakness. Alternate translation: “cause their backs to be too weak for them to do anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2468 | PSA | 69 | 23 | rry1 | 0 | their loins | “their sides” or “their backs” | ||
2469 | PSA | 69 | 24 | x9dl | figs-metaphor | 0 | Pour out your indignation on them | God’s demonstration of his anger is described as if he poured it out on his enemies like water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2470 | PSA | 69 | 24 | j3n9 | 0 | indignation | anger of a person who has suffered injustice | ||
2471 | PSA | 69 | 24 | a5mh | 0 | the fierceness of your anger | “your burning anger” or “your strong anger” | ||
2472 | PSA | 69 | 24 | mws1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | overtake them | God’s judgment on his enemies is described as if he ran after them and caught them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2473 | PSA | 69 | 25 | hl9y | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | be a desolation | This abstract noun can be stated as “abandoned.” Alternate translation: “become abandoned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2474 | PSA | 69 | 26 | u691 | 0 | they persecuted the one | “they persecuted the man” | ||
2475 | PSA | 69 | 26 | q569 | figs-metonymy | 0 | you struck down | Here to be “struck down” refers to punishment. Alternate translation: “you punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2476 | PSA | 69 | 26 | x39c | figs-metonymy | 0 | those you have wounded | Here to be “wounded” refers to causing them to suffer. Alternate translation: “those you have caused to suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2477 | PSA | 69 | 27 | ha19 | 0 | Accuse them of having committed iniquity after iniquity | “Keep making a record of all their sins” | ||
2478 | PSA | 69 | 27 | ix9p | 0 | iniquity after iniquity | “very many sins” | ||
2479 | PSA | 69 | 27 | fv3w | figs-idiom | 0 | do not let them come into your righteous victory | To come into God’s victory is an idiom that means to receive a reward from him. Alternate translation: “do not let them receive your righteous reward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2480 | PSA | 69 | 28 | qt7j | figs-metonymy | 0 | Let them be blotted out of | Here “them” refers to the names of the enemies. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Wipe out their names in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2481 | PSA | 69 | 28 | el1y | figs-ellipsis | 0 | not be written down | It is inferred that “let them” is understood. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “do not write down their names” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2482 | PSA | 69 | 29 | k8wx | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | let your salvation, God, set me up on high | The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated with the verb “save.” Here “on high” refers to a place of safety.” Alternate translation: “God, save me and put me in a safe place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2483 | PSA | 69 | 30 | m7bv | figs-metonymy | 0 | the name of God | Here “name” refers to God himself. Alternate translation: “God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2484 | PSA | 69 | 30 | bl7i | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | with thanksgiving | This abstract noun can be stated with the verb “thank.” Alternate translation: “by thanking him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2485 | PSA | 69 | 31 | q988 | figs-explicit | 0 | better than an ox or a bull | It is understood that the ox and the bull are to be offered to God as sacrifices. Alternate translation: “better than sacrificing an ox or sacrificing a bull” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2486 | PSA | 69 | 31 | axd8 | figs-distinguish | 0 | a bull that has horns and hooves | This phrase distinguishes the full grown bulls from other younger cows. Alternate translation: “a bull that is full grown with horns and hooves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) | |
2487 | PSA | 69 | 32 | b8xa | figs-nominaladj | 0 | The meek | This refers to meek people in general. Alternate translation: “Meek people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
2488 | PSA | 69 | 32 | ky6t | figs-metaphor | 0 | you who seek after God | Seeking God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “you who ask God for help” or “you who think about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2489 | PSA | 69 | 32 | i99y | figs-synecdoche | 0 | let your hearts live | Here “hearts” refer to the people. Here “live” is an idiom that means to be encouraged. Alternate translation: “may you be encouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) | |
2490 | PSA | 69 | 33 | arn6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Yahweh hears | Here “hears” means to respond. Alternate translation: “Yahweh answers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2491 | PSA | 69 | 33 | ij3h | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the needy | This refers to needy people in general. Alternate translation: “needy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
2492 | PSA | 69 | 33 | eag2 | 0 | his prisoners | “those who have suffered for him” | ||
2493 | PSA | 69 | 34 | k14w | figs-personification | 0 | Let heaven and earth praise him…the seas | Here heaven and earth and the seas are spoken of as if they are people who are able to praise God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2494 | PSA | 69 | 34 | p3qb | figs-ellipsis | 0 | the seas and everything that moves in them | It is implied that “Let…praise him” should be understood here. Alternate translation: “let he seas and everything that moves in them praise him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
2495 | PSA | 69 | 35 | m398 | figs-metonymy | 0 | God will save Zion | Here “Zion” refers to the people in Zion. Alternate translation: “God will save the people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2496 | PSA | 69 | 35 | w8jf | 0 | have it as a possession | The word “it” refers to the land of Judah. | ||
2497 | PSA | 69 | 36 | s9pk | figs-metonymy | 0 | who love his name | Here “name” refers to God himself. Alternate translation: “who love God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2498 | PSA | 70 | intro | qdg2 | 0 | Psalm 070 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 70 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist asks God to deliver him from his enemies. Special concepts in this chapterHelpThe author needs help and needs it immediately. Psalm 40This psalm is an almost exact duplicate of Psalm 40:13-17. | |||
2499 | PSA | 70 | 1 | eg6f | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2500 | PSA | 70 | 1 | m2am | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
2501 | PSA | 70 | 1 | f84m | 0 | A psalm of David | Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms. | ||
2502 | PSA | 70 | 2 | f38b | 0 | those who | “the people who” | ||
2503 | PSA | 70 | 2 | t9us | figs-idiom | 0 | take my life | This idiom means “kill me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2504 | PSA | 70 | 2 | l7y2 | figs-activepassive | 0 | be ashamed and humiliated | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may God put them to shame and bring disgrace upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2505 | PSA | 70 | 2 | sxa6 | figs-activepassive | 0 | let them be turned back and brought to dishonor | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may God turn them around and make them ashamed for what they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2506 | PSA | 70 | 2 | g5lq | figs-metaphor | 0 | turned back | To be stopped or thwarted is spoken of as being turned back from their attack. Alternate translation: “stopped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2507 | PSA | 70 | 3 | b66b | 0 | those who say, “Aha, aha.” | This is an expression of mocking laughter. You may replace “Aha, aha” with whatever laughing sounds like in your language. Alternate translation: “those who mock and laugh at me” | ||
2508 | PSA | 70 | 4 | hi48 | figs-metaphor | 0 | seek you | Seeking God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “ask you for help” or “think about you and obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2509 | PSA | 70 | 4 | fiv4 | figs-doublet | 0 | rejoice and be glad | These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. Alternate translation: “rejoice greatly” or “be very glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2510 | PSA | 70 | 4 | k76h | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | love your salvation | The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “love you because you saved them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2511 | PSA | 70 | 4 | ymr2 | figs-hyperbole | 0 | always say | This exaggeration emphasizes that it is important to praise God often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
2512 | PSA | 70 | 4 | xit2 | figs-activepassive | 0 | May God be praised | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let everyone praise God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2513 | PSA | 70 | 5 | k146 | figs-doublet | 0 | poor and needy | Here the words “poor” and “needy” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is unable to help himself. Alternate translation: “very needy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2514 | PSA | 70 | 5 | s6qa | figs-metaphor | 0 | hurry to me | The writer speaks of God as if he were running to the writer in order to help him. Alternate translation: “come quickly to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2515 | PSA | 70 | 5 | r77i | figs-parallelism | 0 | you are my help and you rescue me | Here the phrase “you rescue me” explains how God is his “help.” Alternate translation: “you help me by rescuing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2516 | PSA | 70 | 5 | ww8h | figs-litotes | 0 | do not delay | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “please come quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
2517 | PSA | 71 | intro | r8sf | 0 | Psalm 071 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 71 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s helpGod has helped the psalmist all his life. Now that he is old, his enemy thinks that God has abandoned him; but the psalmist trusts in God and will praise Yahweh with songs of praise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) | |||
2518 | PSA | 71 | 1 | b9md | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2519 | PSA | 71 | 1 | lb3w | figs-metaphor | 0 | In you, Yahweh, I take refuge | Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you, Yahweh, for protection” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2520 | PSA | 71 | 1 | ew7k | figs-activepassive | 0 | let me never be put to shame | This can be stated in active form. See how “do not let me be humiliated” is translated in Psalms 25:2. Alternate translation: “never let my enemies put me to shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2521 | PSA | 71 | 2 | xl47 | figs-idiom | 0 | make me safe in your righteousness | Possible meanings are (1) “make me safe because you always do what is right” or (2) “make me safe as I do what you want me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2522 | PSA | 71 | 2 | q2dk | figs-metonymy | 0 | turn your ear to me | Here “your ear” refers to God’s willingness to hear someone who prays to him. See how this is translated in Psalms 17:6. Alternate translation: “pay attention to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2523 | PSA | 71 | 2 | qwt1 | 0 | save me | “keep me safe” | ||
2524 | PSA | 71 | 3 | a39u | figs-metaphor | 0 | Be to me a rock for refuge | The psalmist requests that Yahweh make him as safe as he would be if he were hiding in a large rock or cliff where his enemies could not find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2525 | PSA | 71 | 3 | w8pz | 0 | rock…rock | These are hills or mountains, not rocks one can hold in one’s hand. | ||
2526 | PSA | 71 | 3 | usz4 | 0 | you have given a command | “you have commanded your angels” | ||
2527 | PSA | 71 | 3 | xd9e | figs-metaphor | 0 | you are my rock and my fortress | The psalmist believes that Yahweh will protect him and make him as safe as if he were hiding on top of a large mountain or inside a man-made fortress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2528 | PSA | 71 | 4 | p4mg | figs-metonymy | 0 | out of the hand of the wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous | Possible meanings are (1) the word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the wicked, from the power of the unrighteous” or (2) “hand” refers to the person himself. Alternate translation: “from wicked people, from unrighteous…people” or “so that wicked people and unrighteous…people cannot harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2529 | PSA | 71 | 4 | pb9a | figs-ellipsis | 0 | wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous | “wicked; rescue me out of the hand of the unrighteous.” You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
2530 | PSA | 71 | 4 | pdn5 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | wicked…unrighteous…cruel | These adjectives can be translated as noun phrases. Alternate translation: “wicked people…unrighteous people…cruel people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
2531 | PSA | 71 | 5 | tph7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | you are my hope | Here “hope” is a metonym for the one in whom the psalmist hopes. Alternate translation: “you are the one whom I confidently expect to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2532 | PSA | 71 | 6 | rmx7 | figs-activepassive | 0 | By you I have been supported from the womb | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You have supported me from the womb” or “You have taken care of me ever since I came out of my mother’s womb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2533 | PSA | 71 | 6 | h427 | 0 | you are he | “you are the one” | ||
2534 | PSA | 71 | 7 | cq9t | 0 | I am an example to many people | “Many people see how I live and want to live as I do” | ||
2535 | PSA | 71 | 8 | di1q | figs-synecdoche | 0 | My mouth will be filled with your praise…with your honor | The psalmist speaks of his desire to praise and honor Yahweh with the words he speaks as if his mouth were full of words the way it can be full of food. Alternate translation: “My mouth will be filled with words that praise you…that honor you” or “I will always praise you…will always honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2536 | PSA | 71 | 8 | vh1s | figs-metonymy | 0 | your praise | Here “praise” refer to the words that he will use to praise Yahweh. Alternate translation: “words that tell people how great you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2537 | PSA | 71 | 8 | dq42 | figs-metonymy | 0 | your honor | Here “honor” refer to the words that he will use to honor Yahweh. Alternate translation: “words that cause people to honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2538 | PSA | 71 | 8 | z7sk | 0 | all the day | “all day long” or “at all times” | ||
2539 | PSA | 71 | 9 | hwz9 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Do not throw me away…do not abandon me | These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2540 | PSA | 71 | 9 | ve6g | figs-metaphor | 0 | Do not throw me away | “Do not force me to go away from you.” For God to reject him is spoken of as God forcing him to go away. See how this is translated in Psalms 51:11. Alternate translation: “do not reject me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2541 | PSA | 71 | 9 | l9jz | 0 | do not abandon me | “do not leave me forever” | ||
2542 | PSA | 71 | 10 | wp8v | figs-explicit | 0 | watch for my life | It is implied that they are watching for an opportunity to take his life. The euphemism “to take a life” means to kill. Alternate translation: “watch for an opportunity to take my life” or “wait for an opportunity to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
2543 | PSA | 71 | 11 | kar6 | figs-explicit | 0 | They say | This can be translated to make explicit that they are talking about him. Alternate translation: “They say about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2544 | PSA | 71 | 11 | fv3j | 0 | pursue and take him | “follow him when he runs away, and kill him” | ||
2545 | PSA | 71 | 12 | acn7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | do not be far from me | Because Yahweh has not yet answered the writer’s request, he speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were standing far away from the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2546 | PSA | 71 | 12 | eu8k | 0 | hurry to help me | “help me soon” | ||
2547 | PSA | 71 | 13 | fkp7 | 0 | Let them be put to shame and destroyed, those who are hostile to my life | “Let those who are hostile to my life be put to shame and destroyed” | ||
2548 | PSA | 71 | 13 | zj77 | figs-activepassive | 0 | Let them be put to shame and destroyed | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Put them to shame and destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2549 | PSA | 71 | 13 | m9nd | figs-synecdoche | 0 | those who are hostile to my life | The words “my life” represent the person. The idiom “hostile to my life” means that these are people who try to harm him by accusing him of wrongdoing. Alternate translation: “those who accuse me of doing wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2550 | PSA | 71 | 13 | jq5a | 0 | let them be covered with rebuke and dishonor, those who seek my hurt | “let those who seek my hurt be covered with rebuke and dishonor” | ||
2551 | PSA | 71 | 13 | bfc1 | figs-activepassive | 0 | let them be covered with rebuke and dishonor | This can be stated in active form. The abstract nouns “rebuke” and “dishonor” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “may everyone rebuke them, and may no one honor them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2552 | PSA | 71 | 13 | i5m7 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | those who seek my hurt | The noun “hurt” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “those who are looking for ways to harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2553 | PSA | 71 | 14 | ew9i | 0 | more and more | “more all the time” or “always more than I have before” | ||
2554 | PSA | 71 | 15 | ukx5 | 0 | My mouth will tell about your righteousness and your salvation all the day, although I cannot understand it | “I do not completely understand your righteousness and your salvation, but my mouth will tell about them all the day” | ||
2555 | PSA | 71 | 15 | r4ct | figs-synecdoche | 0 | My mouth will tell | The mouth is synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will tell” or “I will speak with my mouth and tell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2556 | PSA | 71 | 15 | diu6 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | your righteousness | This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “how righteous you are” or “all the good things you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2557 | PSA | 71 | 15 | hjv1 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | your salvation | The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “how you have saved me” or “how you save people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2558 | PSA | 71 | 16 | mem9 | figs-go | 0 | I will come | Possible meanings are (1) “I will go to where people worship Yahweh” or (2) “I will go to my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
2559 | PSA | 71 | 16 | ntp3 | 0 | with the mighty acts of the Lord Yahweh | Possible meanings are (1) “I will tell them of the mighty deeds the Lord Yahweh has done” or (2) “because the Lord Yahweh has given me strength to do mighty acts.” | ||
2560 | PSA | 71 | 16 | xcy8 | 0 | will make mention of | “will talk about” | ||
2561 | PSA | 71 | 17 | af7a | figs-explicit | 0 | taught me | The implied information may be stated clearly. “taught me many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2562 | PSA | 71 | 18 | u6gc | 0 | God, do not forsake me | “God, please do not forsake me” | ||
2563 | PSA | 71 | 18 | u45h | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | I have been declaring your strength | The abstract noun “strength” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I have been telling how strong you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2564 | PSA | 71 | 18 | bs2s | 0 | to the next generation | “to those who are children today” | ||
2565 | PSA | 71 | 18 | k6sb | figs-ellipsis | 0 | your power to everyone who is to come | The omitted information may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and as I declare your power to everyone who is to come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
2566 | PSA | 71 | 18 | x4ym | figs-hyperbole | 0 | everyone who is to come | This exaggeration refers to everyone the writer can speak to. Alternate translation: “so as many people as I can tell will know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
2567 | PSA | 71 | 19 | mu1p | figs-metaphor | 0 | Your righteousness also, God, is very high | The psalmist speaks of the good things God has done as though they were put together as a high building or a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2568 | PSA | 71 | 19 | a913 | figs-rquestion | 0 | who is like you? | This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “there is no one like you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2569 | PSA | 71 | 20 | wi74 | 0 | revive | strengthen or make lively again | ||
2570 | PSA | 71 | 20 | sf33 | figs-metaphor | 0 | from the depths of the earth | “The depths of the earth” here is a metaphor for where people go when they die. The psalmist had not already died, but in this exaggeration he speaks as if he had. Alternate translation: “when we are near death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
2571 | PSA | 71 | 21 | b5t3 | 0 | May you increase…turn again and comfort | “I want you to increase…I want you to turn again and comfort.” Some translations read, “You will increase…you will turn again and comfort.” | ||
2572 | PSA | 71 | 21 | e1ew | figs-hendiadys | 0 | turn again and comfort me | This describes one action through two phrases. Alternate translation: “comfort me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) | |
2573 | PSA | 71 | 22 | ix4p | 0 | to you I will sing praises with the harp, Holy One of Israel | “to you, who is the Holy One of Israel, I will sing praises while I play the harp” | ||
2574 | PSA | 71 | 23 | aku6 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | My lips will shout for joy | “Lips” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will shout for joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2575 | PSA | 71 | 23 | we4f | figs-ellipsis | 0 | even my soul, which you have redeemed | The words the psalmist has omitted can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and my soul, which you have redeemed, will sing praises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
2576 | PSA | 71 | 23 | ijs7 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my soul | Here “soul” refers to the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2577 | PSA | 71 | 24 | wy5p | figs-synecdoche | 0 | My tongue will also talk | Here “tongue” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will also talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2578 | PSA | 71 | 24 | mf6u | 0 | they have been put to shame and are confused, those who sought my hurt | “those who sought my hurt have been put to shame and are confused” | ||
2579 | PSA | 71 | 24 | h4mq | figs-activepassive | 0 | for they have been put to shame and are confused | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for God has put to shame and confused them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2580 | PSA | 71 | 24 | kz4y | 0 | those who sought my hurt | This refers to the enemies of the writer. (Psalms 71:10). See how “those who seek my hurt” is translated in Psalms 71:13. | ||
2581 | PSA | 72 | intro | h1hi | 0 | Psalm 072 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 72 is a psalm for the king when he begins to be the king. David wrote it as a blessing on his son, Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) Special concepts in this chapterBlessings for the kingMay the king be honored throughout the world. May he help the poor. May there be prosperity while he is king. Close of Book TwoThe whole collection of Psalms has been divided into several “books.” This is the last psalm of the second book. It is attributed to Solomon, the son of David. | |||
2582 | PSA | 72 | 1 | u47g | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. Possible meanings for the header “a psalm of Solomon” are (1) David wrote this psalm about Solomon (“the king’s son”) or (2) Solomon (who, as David’s son, was “the king’s son”) wrote this psalm as a prayer about himself or (3) another king wrote it about his son in the style of Solomon. People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
2583 | PSA | 72 | 1 | sep9 | figs-123person | 0 | Give the king your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to the king’s son | Possible meanings are (1) “Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to my son” or (2) “Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to me, the king’s son.” People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
2584 | PSA | 72 | 1 | vw1m | 0 | Give the king your righteous decrees | “Enable the king to judge rightly” | ||
2585 | PSA | 72 | 1 | p2xg | figs-ellipsis | 0 | your righteousness to the king’s son | The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Here the word “righteousness” refers to making righteous decisions. Alternate translation: “give your righteousness to the king’s son” or “enable the king’s son to rule with righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
2586 | PSA | 72 | 2 | d3dt | 0 | May he judge | If David wrote this, he is talking about his son, “the king’s son,” he is speaking of the time when his son will be king. If Solomon wrote it, even though he is writing about himself, it would be best to translate as though he were writing about someone else. Either way, “May the king judge” is the best translation. | ||
2587 | PSA | 72 | 2 | d51c | 0 | your people…your poor | The psalmist is speaking to God. | ||
2588 | PSA | 72 | 2 | faw9 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | your poor | The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The adjective “poor” refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “may he judge your poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
2589 | PSA | 72 | 3 | fx1z | figs-metonymy | 0 | May the mountains produce peace…may the hills produce righteousness | The psalmist speaks of the people of Israel as if they were the mountains and hills on which they live. He speaks of the mountains and the hills as if they were the entire land of Israel, as if that land were a garden that produces fruit, and of peace and righteousness as if they are that fruit. Alternate translation: “May the people of the land live in peace…may they do everything in a righteous way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2590 | PSA | 72 | 4 | ln6a | 0 | he…he | These refer to the one who will “judge” (Psalms 72:2). | ||
2591 | PSA | 72 | 4 | lx1g | figs-metaphor | 0 | break in pieces the oppressor | The writer speaks of the king defeating or punishing people who oppress others as if those people were objects that the king would break into pieces. Alternate translation: “punish the person who oppresses others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2592 | PSA | 72 | 5 | qf1t | figs-metonymy | 0 | while the sun endures, and as long as the moon lasts | The sun and the moon are metonyms for the day and the night, which together are a merism for all time. Alternate translation: “forever, and without ending” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
2593 | PSA | 72 | 6 | fay4 | figs-simile | 0 | May he come down like rain on the mown grass | The king will be good, and he will do good things for his people as if he were rain doing good for freshly cut grass. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2594 | PSA | 72 | 6 | bsl9 | 0 | May he come | “I desire that he come” | ||
2595 | PSA | 72 | 6 | v3st | figs-ellipsis | 0 | like showers that water | “May he come down like showers that water.” The king will be good, and he will do good things for his people as if he were rain doing good for the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2596 | PSA | 72 | 7 | ch52 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the righteous | The adjective “righteous” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
2597 | PSA | 72 | 7 | pqr9 | 0 | in his days | Possible meanings are (1) “while the king rules” or (2) “as long as the righteous person lives” or “as long as the righteous people live.” | ||
2598 | PSA | 72 | 7 | r4e2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | may there be an abundance of peace | The psalmist speaks as if peace were a physical object like food. An “abundance” is when there is much of something. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “abundance” and “peace.” Alternate translation: “may righteous people live peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2599 | PSA | 72 | 7 | m2kd | figs-idiom | 0 | till the moon is no more | “as long as the moon shines” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2600 | PSA | 72 | 8 | mm24 | 0 | May he have dominion | “May the king have dominion” | ||
2601 | PSA | 72 | 8 | vh7b | figs-merism | 0 | from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth | Both of these expressions are merisms and refer to the whole earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
2602 | PSA | 72 | 8 | v5fy | 0 | from sea to sea | from the Dead Sea and the Sea of Kinnereth in the east to the Mediterranean Sea in the west. | ||
2603 | PSA | 72 | 8 | m3b5 | 0 | the River | “the Euphrates River,” which the Israelites would travel to on land by going north | ||
2604 | PSA | 72 | 8 | dxj8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the ends of the earth | as far as people could travel on land by different routes to the south. The Israelites spoke of the earth as if it were a flat surface with ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2605 | PSA | 72 | 9 | c1h1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | lick the dust | This is a metaphor for extreme humiliation. Alternate translation: “do everything they can so he will allow them to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2606 | PSA | 72 | 10 | ds5s | translate-names | 0 | Tarshish | This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
2607 | PSA | 72 | 10 | jht5 | 0 | render | pay | ||
2608 | PSA | 72 | 10 | h88r | 0 | offer gifts | “give gifts” | ||
2609 | PSA | 72 | 10 | pg7c | translate-names | 0 | Seba | This is the name of a country. It is not the same country as Sheba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
2610 | PSA | 72 | 11 | j7ze | 0 | fall down before him | “bow down before him” or “honor him as their king” | ||
2611 | PSA | 72 | 11 | ivl3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | all nations | Here the word “nations” represents the people who live in the nations. Alternate translation: “the people who live in every nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2612 | PSA | 72 | 12 | cj1a | 0 | no other helper | “no one else to help him” | ||
2613 | PSA | 72 | 13 | w2hi | 0 | He has pity on the poor and needy | “He wants to stop the poor and needy from suffering” | ||
2614 | PSA | 72 | 13 | dra6 | figs-doublet | 0 | the poor and needy | Here the nominal adjectives “poor” and “needy” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that they are unable to help themselves. Alternate translation: “those who are poor and those who are needy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
2615 | PSA | 72 | 14 | iey7 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | redeems their lives | Here “lives” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “redeems them” or “saves them” or “rescues them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2616 | PSA | 72 | 14 | a1wj | figs-doublet | 0 | oppression and violence | These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the needy suffer. These abstract nouns can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “those who oppress them and hurt them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2617 | PSA | 72 | 14 | gq3a | figs-metonymy | 0 | their blood is precious in his sight | Here “their blood” is a metonym for their well-being. The sight of Yahweh represents his judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “their well-being is very important to him” or “he wants them to live well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2618 | PSA | 72 | 14 | u32y | 0 | in his sight | See how this phrase is translated in Psalms 19:14. | ||
2619 | PSA | 72 | 15 | e29x | figs-idiom | 0 | May he live! | This saying was used to honor the king by expressing a desire to have him live a long time. Alternate translation: “May the king live a long time!” or “I desire that the king live a long time!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2620 | PSA | 72 | 15 | gew3 | figs-activepassive | 0 | May the gold of Sheba be given to him | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May they give him the gold of Sheba” or “May he receive the gold of Sheba” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2621 | PSA | 72 | 15 | zya3 | figs-idiom | 0 | all day long | This idiom means “continually” and does not refer only to one day. Alternate translation: “continually” or “all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2622 | PSA | 72 | 16 | d9j4 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | abundance of grain | An “abundance” is when there is much of something. This abstract noun can be stated as “much” or “plenty” Alternate translation: “much grain” or “plenty of grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2623 | PSA | 72 | 16 | nb8u | 0 | crops | plants that people grow for food | ||
2624 | PSA | 72 | 16 | d8rg | 0 | wave | Use the word for what long grass does when a gentle wind blows on it and it moves slowly back and forth. | ||
2625 | PSA | 72 | 16 | p8u5 | figs-simile | 0 | like Lebanon | “like the cedar trees in Lebanon.” These trees were beautiful and had wood that was good for building. The meaning of this can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2626 | PSA | 72 | 16 | rl8f | figs-simile | 0 | the people flourish in the cities like the grass of the field | The prosperity of the people in the cities is spoken of as if they were grass that grows abundantly in the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2627 | PSA | 72 | 17 | d3jj | figs-idiom | 0 | May his name endure forever | This saying is used to honor God by expressing the desire for people to always remember him. Alternate translation: “May people always know about him” or “May people never forget who he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2628 | PSA | 72 | 17 | ly6h | figs-metonymy | 0 | his name | Here “his name” refers to God’s reputation. Alternate translation: “the king’s name” or “the king’s reputation” or “the king’s fame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2629 | PSA | 72 | 17 | ys89 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | as long as the sun | The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “as long as the sun endures” or “as long as the sun shines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
2630 | PSA | 72 | 17 | dq84 | figs-activepassive | 0 | may people be blessed in him | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may God cause him to do good things for people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2631 | PSA | 72 | 17 | ru3v | 0 | call him blessed | “recognize that God has blessed them” | ||
2632 | PSA | 72 | 18 | ti3p | 0 | General Information: | These verses are more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 2 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 42 and ends with Psalm 72. | ||
2633 | PSA | 72 | 18 | j629 | figs-activepassive | 0 | May Yahweh God, the God of Israel, be blessed | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May people bless Yahweh God, the God of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2634 | PSA | 72 | 19 | nw8m | figs-activepassive | 0 | May his glorious name be blessed forever | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May people bless his glorious name forever” or, treating “name” as a metonym for Yahweh himself, “May people forever know how glorious he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2635 | PSA | 72 | 19 | s32j | 0 | his glorious name be blessed | “he, who is glorious, be blessed” | ||
2636 | PSA | 72 | 19 | qe7e | figs-activepassive | 0 | may the whole earth be filled with his glory | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may his glory fill the whole earth” or “may he fill the whole earth with his glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2637 | PSA | 72 | 19 | q3wa | 0 | Amen and Amen | The word “Amen” is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. See how you translated this in Psalms 41:13. Alternate translation: “May it certainly be so” | ||
2638 | PSA | 72 | 20 | ktc5 | figs-activepassive | 0 | The prayers of David son of Jesse are finished | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “David, the son of Jesse has finished his prayers” or “This is the last prayer of the David the son of Jesse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2639 | PSA | 73 | intro | t2n1 | 0 | Psalm 073 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 73 is a wisdom psalm. It explains the problem of wicked people who seem to prosper. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapterEvil peopleSometimes it seems that wicked people have no problems and everything works for them. Despite this, they will be destroyed. In contrast, the righteous always have God to help them through problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) Psalms by AsaphThere are twelve psalms attributed to Asaph; the first one is Psalm 50, which is in Book Two, and the other eleven (Psalm 73–83) are at the beginning of Book Three. | |||
2640 | PSA | 73 | 1 | p92k | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2641 | PSA | 73 | 2 | bq59 | figs-metaphor | 0 | my feet almost slipped; my feet almost slipped out from under me | The psalmist speaks of being unable to trust God and wanting to sin as if he had almost fallen while walking on a slippery path. Alternate translation: “I almost stopped trusting in God; I was almost guilty of committing a great sin against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2642 | PSA | 73 | 3 | eb9z | 0 | I was envious of the arrogant | “I envied the arrogant” or “I did not want arrogant people to have the good things that they had” | ||
2643 | PSA | 73 | 3 | jit7 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the arrogant | The adjective “arrogant” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “arrogant people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
2644 | PSA | 73 | 3 | k8tb | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the prosperity of the wicked | The word “prosperity” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “how the wicked have so many good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2645 | PSA | 73 | 3 | tu1r | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked | The adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
2646 | PSA | 73 | 4 | b59h | 0 | General Information: | Asaph begins to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” (Psalms 73:3). | ||
2647 | PSA | 73 | 5 | uzu7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the burdens of other men | The words “burdens” is a metonym for the struggles of daily life (need for food, shelter, clothing, and health). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2648 | PSA | 73 | 5 | t5qn | 0 | they are not afflicted like other men | “they do not suffer the way other people do” | ||
2649 | PSA | 73 | 6 | kp3l | 0 | General Information: | Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” (Psalms 73:3). | ||
2650 | PSA | 73 | 6 | r8m8 | figs-simile | 0 | Pride adorns them like a necklace around their neck; violence clothes them like a robe | This means the wicked show everyone how proud and violent they are as if they were wearing a necklace or beautiful robe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2651 | PSA | 73 | 6 | c2uh | 0 | necklace…robe | This refers to things that rich and important people wear. | ||
2652 | PSA | 73 | 6 | fyb1 | 0 | necklace | a chain usually made of gold or jewels that goes around the neck | ||
2653 | PSA | 73 | 7 | ttd1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Out of such blindness comes sin | Because they are like blind people who cannot see where they are going, they sin without knowing it. Being blind is a metaphor for a person being unable to see how wicked he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2654 | PSA | 73 | 7 | l8fr | figs-metaphor | 0 | evil thoughts pass through their hearts | Here the psalmist describes people’s thoughts as if they were people. He also describes the inner beings of wicked people as if they were a building in which those people could walk. Alternate translation: “in their inner beings they are always thinking about more evil things to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2655 | PSA | 73 | 8 | alc5 | 0 | General Information: | Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” (Psalms 73:3). | ||
2656 | PSA | 73 | 8 | fmq4 | figs-explicit | 0 | They mock | Whom they mock can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “They mock God and his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2657 | PSA | 73 | 9 | b91p | figs-metonymy | 0 | They set their mouth against the heavens | Here “their mouth” is a metonym for their speech, and “heavens” is a metonym for God, who lives in the heavens. Alternate translation: “They speak against God, who is in the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2658 | PSA | 73 | 9 | cln7 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | their tongues march through the earth | The word “tongues” represents the people themselves. Possible meanings are (1) “they go through the earth saying bad things about God” or (2) “they go everywhere and boast about themselves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2659 | PSA | 73 | 10 | t3at | 0 | General Information: | Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” (Psalms 73:3). | ||
2660 | PSA | 73 | 10 | ack4 | 0 | his people turn to them | Possible meanings are (1) “God’s people love the wicked people” or (2) “the wicked people return to this place” | ||
2661 | PSA | 73 | 10 | k4em | 0 | abundant waters are drained out | Possible meanings are (1) “God’s people listen gladly to the words of the wicked people” or (2) “the wicked people have plenty of food to eat and wine to drink” | ||
2662 | PSA | 73 | 11 | k4v1 | 0 | They say | the wicked people say | ||
2663 | PSA | 73 | 11 | iqv8 | figs-rquestion | 0 | How does God know? Is there knowledge with the Most High? | These rhetorical questions are to show contempt for God. These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Surely God does not know what we are doing. The Most High has no knowledge of it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2664 | PSA | 73 | 13 | i3dh | 0 | General Information: | In verses 13 and 14, Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” (Psalms 73:3). In verse 15 he begins to talk about what he is really thinking. | ||
2665 | PSA | 73 | 13 | m4jl | 0 | I have | The word “I” refers to Asaph. | ||
2666 | PSA | 73 | 13 | l9bt | figs-metaphor | 0 | guarded my heart | Asaph speaks of guarding his heart as if he were guarding a city or building against enemies. Alternate translation: “I have kept my thoughts pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2667 | PSA | 73 | 13 | v713 | figs-metaphor | 0 | washed my hands in innocence | The writer speaks of his purity as if he had washed his hands with innocence instead of with water. See how you translated this in Psalms 26:6. Alternate translation: “my actions have remained pure” or “I have washed my hands to show that I am innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2668 | PSA | 73 | 14 | svu5 | 0 | all the day long | “always” or “every day” | ||
2669 | PSA | 73 | 14 | gtr9 | 0 | I have been afflicted | “You have made me suffer.” See how “they are not afflicted” is translated in Psalms 73:5. | ||
2670 | PSA | 73 | 14 | c72g | 0 | I have been…disciplined | “I have been…punished” | ||
2671 | PSA | 73 | 15 | c23c | figs-hypo | 0 | If I had said, “I will say these things,” then I would have betrayed this generation of your children | This hypothetical situation did not happen. Alternate translation: “I never said, ‘I will say these things,’ so I did not betray this generation of your children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) | |
2672 | PSA | 73 | 16 | z5qd | 0 | these things | The good things that happen to “the wicked” (Psalms 73:4-Psalms 12). | ||
2673 | PSA | 73 | 17 | r3rj | 0 | their fate | “what happens to wicked people when they die” or “how wicked people die” | ||
2674 | PSA | 73 | 18 | n9na | 0 | put them | The word “them” refers to the wicked. | ||
2675 | PSA | 73 | 18 | pt49 | 0 | slippery places | “unsafe or unstable ground.” See how “slipped” is translated in Psalms 73:2. | ||
2676 | PSA | 73 | 19 | b63l | figs-metaphor | 0 | How they become a wilderness in a moment | The word “wilderness” is a metaphor for a person who has lost everything good. Alternate translation: “How quickly they are destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2677 | PSA | 73 | 20 | d2qf | figs-simile | 0 | like a dream after one wakes up | The wicked will last no longer than what a person sees in a dream. It disappears as soon as the person wakes up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2678 | PSA | 73 | 21 | dz6z | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my heart was grieved | The word “heart” represents the person emphasizing their thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “I was very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2679 | PSA | 73 | 21 | r3jv | figs-metaphor | 0 | I was deeply wounded | The psalmist speaks of emotional pain as if it were physical pain by being pierced with a knife or arrow. Alternate translation: “I felt like someone had wounded me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2680 | PSA | 73 | 22 | ei39 | figs-doublet | 0 | ignorant and lacked insight | These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how little he knew. Alternate translation: “very ignorant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2681 | PSA | 73 | 22 | sb92 | 0 | lacked insight | “understood nothing” | ||
2682 | PSA | 73 | 22 | xw9q | 0 | you | This “you” refers to God. | ||
2683 | PSA | 73 | 23 | v8cf | 0 | I am always with you | The word “I” here represents Asaph. The word “you” here represents God. | ||
2684 | PSA | 73 | 23 | mif5 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | you hold my right hand | The person’s “right hand” refers to the whole person. This shows an intimate relationship with God that offers stability and security. Alternate translation: “You hold me close” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2685 | PSA | 73 | 24 | yt7j | 0 | receive me to glory | Possible meanings are (1) “put me where people will honor me” or (2) “honor me by taking me to where you are.” See how “receive me” is translated in Psalms 49:15. | ||
2686 | PSA | 73 | 25 | l5a5 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Whom have I in heaven but you? | You can translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one for me in heaven but you!” or “You are the only one I have in heaven!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2687 | PSA | 73 | 25 | p7l4 | 0 | in heaven | “among the gods” or “among the supernatural beings” | ||
2688 | PSA | 73 | 26 | u7tm | figs-doublet | 0 | My flesh and my heart | These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “My body and my mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
2689 | PSA | 73 | 27 | zd6j | 0 | General Information: | Asaph continues to talk about God. | ||
2690 | PSA | 73 | 27 | i4nr | figs-metaphor | 0 | Those who are far from you | Here the idea of staying far from God is compared to being unwilling to obey him. Alternate translation: “Those who do not want to obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2691 | PSA | 73 | 28 | s5pl | figs-metaphor | 0 | my refuge | The writer speaks of Yahweh as if he were a place to which a person could flee for safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2692 | PSA | 74 | intro | nd5v | 0 | Psalm 074 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 74 is a psalm of deliverance. The people have been completely conquered and they pray for God to deliver them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterGod’s powerThe enemies have destroyed God’s temple and are insulting the people. God is powerful. He made everything and he chose Israel for his people. He should avenge himself on these enemies that have burnt his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]]) SuperscriptionThis is called a “Maschil.” The word in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. | |||
2693 | PSA | 74 | 1 | vy9v | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2694 | PSA | 74 | 1 | k7ui | 0 | A maschil | This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1. | ||
2695 | PSA | 74 | 1 | c2uv | figs-rquestion | 0 | God, why have you rejected us forever? | This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “God, we have done nothing wrong, but you have rejected us forever!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2696 | PSA | 74 | 1 | nb2u | figs-rquestion | 0 | Why does your anger burn against the sheep of your pasture? | This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are the ones you have promised to care for, and we have done nothing wrong, but now you are angry with us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2697 | PSA | 74 | 1 | ap93 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the sheep of your pasture | Asaph speaks of the people of Israel as if they were sheep. Alternate translation: “against Israel, who are like the sheep whom you feed in your pasture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2698 | PSA | 74 | 2 | wr2p | 0 | Call to mind | “Pay attention to.” God has not forgotten his people, but he does not seem to be thinking about them. | ||
2699 | PSA | 74 | 2 | n7ia | 0 | your own heritage | “yours forever” | ||
2700 | PSA | 74 | 3 | i8hy | 0 | General Information: | These verses describe an actual event, a physical attack on the temple of Israel in Jerusalem. | ||
2701 | PSA | 74 | 3 | vn6h | 0 | Come look | Asaph is addressing God, asking him to come look at the destruction. | ||
2702 | PSA | 74 | 4 | df7h | 0 | roared | The adversaries were shouting loudly with a great cry of victory. | ||
2703 | PSA | 74 | 6 | sqm2 | 0 | engravings | This refers to carvings on wood, metal, or stone in the temple. | ||
2704 | PSA | 74 | 7 | d2f6 | 0 | General Information: | Asaph continues to describe the destruction of the temple. | ||
2705 | PSA | 74 | 7 | h8rv | 0 | They…they | Here “they” refers to the adversaries mentioned in Psalms 74:4. | ||
2706 | PSA | 74 | 8 | dt7g | 0 | They…They | Here “they” refers to the adversaries mentioned in Psalms 74:4. | ||
2707 | PSA | 74 | 8 | aq36 | figs-idiom | 0 | They said in their hearts | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “They said to themselves” or “They thought to themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2708 | PSA | 74 | 9 | c4rh | 0 | General Information: | Asaph is addressing God about the destruction he sees. | ||
2709 | PSA | 74 | 9 | y2uq | figs-metaphor | 0 | We do not see any more signs | Possible meanings are (1) “We do not see any more miraculous signs from God” or (2) “All our sacred symbols are gone” or (3) the “signs” are the flags and symbols of an army representing the army itself. Alternate translation: “They have completely destroyed our army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2710 | PSA | 74 | 10 | d7ac | figs-rquestion | 0 | How long, God, will the enemy throw insults at you? | This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “God, the enemy has been throwing insults at you for too long!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2711 | PSA | 74 | 10 | qxe3 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Will the enemy blaspheme your name forever? | This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems as if you will never stop the enemy from blaspheming your name!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2712 | PSA | 74 | 10 | nv8x | figs-metonymy | 0 | blaspheme your name | The word “name” is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: “say that you are bad” or “insult you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2713 | PSA | 74 | 11 | mc4f | figs-rquestion | 0 | Why do you hold back your hand, your right hand? | The psalmist speaks of God as if he had a physical body. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Stop holding back your hand, your right hand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2714 | PSA | 74 | 11 | m38y | figs-metonymy | 0 | hold back your hand | Here the word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “not show your power” or “not use your power to destroy your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2715 | PSA | 74 | 11 | hk11 | 0 | your right hand | “your strongest hand” | ||
2716 | PSA | 74 | 11 | nc4l | figs-metonymy | 0 | Take your right hand from your garment | The psalmist speaks of God as if he had a physical body. “Stop hiding your power and take action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2717 | PSA | 74 | 12 | n2ul | 0 | General Information: | This begins a new theme: Asaph is proclaiming God’s mighty deeds in the history of his people. | ||
2718 | PSA | 74 | 12 | r8vz | 0 | God has been my king from ancient times | Possible meanings are (1) Asaph is speaking as Israel’s representative, “God has been our king since we Israelites first became a nation” or (2) “God, my king, was alive even in ancient times.” | ||
2719 | PSA | 74 | 12 | tqm1 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | bringing salvation | The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with the verb “to save.” Here Yahweh saving people is spoken of as if salvation were an object that he brings with him. Alternate translation: “saving people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2720 | PSA | 74 | 13 | gap9 | figs-explicit | 0 | You divided…in the waters | Asaph is probably speaking of the time God brought Israel out of Egypt, divided the Sea of Reeds, led Israel through it on dry land, then drowned Pharaoh’s army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2721 | PSA | 74 | 13 | ag39 | figs-personification | 0 | You divided the sea by your strength | Asaph is speaking of God as if God had a physical body. “You are so strong you were able to make dry land in the middle of the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2722 | PSA | 74 | 13 | r6uh | 0 | the sea | “the great water” | ||
2723 | PSA | 74 | 13 | f387 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you smashed the heads of the sea monsters in the waters | Asaph is probably speaking of Pharaoh and his army as if they were sea monsters. If possible, translate these words literally. Alternate translation: “when you killed Pharaoh’s army, it was as if you smashed the heads of sea monsters in the waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2724 | PSA | 74 | 14 | t17u | 0 | General Information: | Asaph continues to speak of what God did long ago. He is probably speaking of when God brought Israel out of Egypt and drowned Pharaoh’s army in the Sea of Reeds. If possible, these words should be translated literally. | ||
2725 | PSA | 74 | 14 | dzv3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | leviathan | Leviathan is a sea monster. It represents a cruel enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2726 | PSA | 74 | 15 | dqs2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | You broke open springs and streams | Yahweh causing springs and streams to flow out of the ground as if he broke open the ground so that they could flow. Alternate translation: “You caused springs and streams to flow out of the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2727 | PSA | 74 | 16 | i6gg | 0 | General Information: | Asaph continues to recount God’s creative power. | ||
2728 | PSA | 74 | 17 | h3n1 | 0 | the borders of the earth | “the boundaries of the land and the sea” | ||
2729 | PSA | 74 | 18 | c6xs | 0 | General Information: | Asaph is pleading for God’s help. | ||
2730 | PSA | 74 | 18 | g7dq | figs-idiom | 0 | Call to mind | “Pay attention to.” See how this is translated in Psalms 74:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2731 | PSA | 74 | 18 | x7xk | figs-metaphor | 0 | the enemy hurled insults at you | Asaph speaks of insulting words as if they were physical objects, like stones, which the enemy was throwing at Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the enemy insulted you many times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2732 | PSA | 74 | 19 | x5rc | figs-metaphor | 0 | the life of your dove | Asaph speaks of himself as if he were a dove, a defenseless bird. This phrase may also be a metaphor for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “me, your dove” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2733 | PSA | 74 | 19 | zrd5 | 0 | dove | A small, defenseless bird often kept as a pet. | ||
2734 | PSA | 74 | 19 | tp9a | figs-metaphor | 0 | a wild animal | This phrase may be a metaphor for the enemies of Israel. Alternate translation: “a savage enemy that is like a wild animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2735 | PSA | 74 | 19 | rgi5 | figs-litotes | 0 | Do not forget forever the life of your oppressed people | “Do not continue forever to do nothing to help your oppressed people.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Come soon to help your oppressed people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
2736 | PSA | 74 | 20 | y6si | 0 | General Information: | Asaph continues his lament to Yahweh. | ||
2737 | PSA | 74 | 20 | x6j9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the dark regions of the land are full of places of violence | Asaph speaks of “regions” as if they were containers in which one could put “places of violence.” Alternate translation: “violent people do evil deeds in dark places in the land wherever they can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2738 | PSA | 74 | 20 | ul6r | figs-metaphor | 0 | the dark regions of the land | The word “dark” is probably a metaphor for a place where bad things happen or for the lands to which the Israelites had been sent in exile, but these words should be translated literally if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2739 | PSA | 74 | 21 | b3w6 | 0 | Do not let the oppressed be turned back in shame | “Do not let wicked people defeat the oppressed and make them ashamed” | ||
2740 | PSA | 74 | 21 | l26m | 0 | the oppressed | These are people who are treated cruelly by powerful people. | ||
2741 | PSA | 74 | 21 | z7yj | figs-doublet | 0 | the poor and oppressed | The words “poor” and “oppressed” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh saves many who need his help. See how these words are translated in Psalms 35:10. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2742 | PSA | 74 | 22 | be6c | 0 | defend your own honor | “show everyone that you are right” | ||
2743 | PSA | 74 | 22 | a6kn | 0 | call to mind | “Pay attention to.” God has not forgotten how fools insult him, but he does not seem to be thinking about it. See how this is translated in verse Psalms 2. | ||
2744 | PSA | 74 | 23 | c7dc | figs-metonymy | 0 | the voice of your adversaries | The word “voice” is a metonym for the words people use when they speak. Alternate translation: “what your adversaries are saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2745 | PSA | 74 | 23 | n9n5 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | or the uproar of those who continually defy you | The psalmist speaks of the words of those who defy God as if they were the loud sound of animals or non-living objects like water or the wind. Alternate translation: “and pay attention to the loud and meaningless words of those who continually defy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2746 | PSA | 74 | 23 | cyg8 | 0 | defy | boldly oppose | ||
2747 | PSA | 75 | intro | rtb1 | 0 | Psalm 075 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 75 is a wisdom psalm; teaching what will happen to evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapterPunishmentGod has warned the evil people that they will be punished. He will strengthen the good people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) | |||
2748 | PSA | 75 | 1 | nc37 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | The people of God are speaking in 75:1, and God speaks in 75:2-3. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2749 | PSA | 75 | 1 | isd5 | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
2750 | PSA | 75 | 1 | wue5 | 0 | set to Al Tashheth | This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 57:1. | ||
2751 | PSA | 75 | 1 | tu5l | 0 | A psalm of Asaph | “This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” See how this is translated in Psalms Psalm 53. | ||
2752 | PSA | 75 | 3 | a6n9 | 0 | all the inhabitants | “all the people who live on it” | ||
2753 | PSA | 75 | 3 | xv9l | figs-metaphor | 0 | make steady the earth’s pillars | “keep the earth from being destroyed” or Alternate translation: “keep my people safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2754 | PSA | 75 | 4 | ix6p | figs-nominaladj | 0 | I said to the arrogant…and to the wicked | The words “the arrogant” and “the wicked” are nominal adjectives that can be translated with nouns. The verb for the second phrase may be supplied from the first. Alternate translation: “I said to the arrogant people…and I said to the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
2755 | PSA | 75 | 4 | wl2r | 0 | I said | Possible meanings are (1) God is speaking or (2) Asaph is speaking. | ||
2756 | PSA | 75 | 4 | yz7y | figs-pronouns | 0 | Do not be arrogant…Do not lift | The speaker is speaking to many wicked people, so these forms are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) | |
2757 | PSA | 75 | 4 | wg7k | figs-metaphor | 0 | Do not lift up the horn | Asaph speaks of wicked people as if they were animals with horns on their heads, stretching their necks and holding their heads high to frighten other animals. Alternate translation: “Do not be confident” or “Do not boast about how strong you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2758 | PSA | 75 | 5 | zai8 | figs-pronouns | 0 | Do not lift up your…do not speak | The speaker is speaking to many wicked people, so these forms are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) | |
2759 | PSA | 75 | 5 | dl75 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Do not lift up your horn to the heights | Asaph speaks of wicked people as if they were animals with horns on their heads, stretching their necks and holding their heads as high as they can to frighten other animals. Alternate translation: “Be especially sure not to boast that you are greater than God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2760 | PSA | 75 | 5 | cfl3 | figs-idiom | 0 | with an insolent neck | Asaph speaks of wicked people who defy or challenge God as if they were animals with horns on their heads, stretching their necks and holding their heads high to frighten other animals. Alternate translation: “arrogantly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2761 | PSA | 75 | 6 | eqm6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | It is not from the east…that lifting up comes | Asaph speaks of the one who lifts up as if he were the action of lifting up. He also speaks of God giving strength and honor to a person as if God were physically lifting that person up. Alternate translation: “The one who will lift you up will not be someone who comes from the east” or “The one who will make you strong and have people honor you will not be someone who comes from the east” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2762 | PSA | 75 | 7 | h39y | 0 | General Information: | Asaph speaks about God. | ||
2763 | PSA | 75 | 7 | ii5h | figs-explicit | 0 | he brings down and he lifts up | The objects of the verbs can be stated clearly: “he brings some people down and he lifts other people up.” The words “brings down” and “raises up” are metaphors for God making people powerful and taking away their power. Alternate translation: “he makes one man king in place of another man” or “he takes away one man’s power and gives power to another man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2764 | PSA | 75 | 8 | hs8p | figs-metaphor | 0 | a cup of foaming wine…mixed with spices | When Yahweh punishes the people they will be like people who have drunk strong wine and become ill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2765 | PSA | 75 | 8 | w9az | figs-metaphor | 0 | foaming wine | The foam is a metaphor for the power of the wine to make people drunk, Alternate translation: “strong wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2766 | PSA | 75 | 8 | gn3y | 0 | spices | dried leaves or ground seeds | ||
2767 | PSA | 75 | 8 | i928 | 0 | pours it out | pours it from a large container into the cups that the people will drink from | ||
2768 | PSA | 75 | 8 | x1zf | 0 | drink it to the last drop | “drink every drop of it” | ||
2769 | PSA | 75 | 10 | vl5i | 0 | He says | God says | ||
2770 | PSA | 75 | 10 | eip6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | cut off all the horns of | The horns of an animal are a metaphor for the power of a person. Alternate translation: “take away all power from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2771 | PSA | 75 | 10 | qr6b | figs-metaphor | 0 | the horns of the righteous will be raised up | The horns of an animal are a metaphor for the power of a person. This can be translated as a statement in active form. Alternate translation: “I will raise up the horns of the righteous” or “I will make the righteous powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2772 | PSA | 76 | intro | ml6q | 0 | Psalm 076 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 76 is a worship psalm. Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s greatnessGod is great. He has conquered all the nations surrounding Israel. Everyone should bring him gifts. | |||
2773 | PSA | 76 | 1 | qjr7 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2774 | PSA | 76 | 1 | ps6c | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
2775 | PSA | 76 | 1 | ec3c | 0 | on stringed instruments | “people should play stringed instruments with this song.” | ||
2776 | PSA | 76 | 1 | a8wr | 0 | A psalm of Asaph | “This is a psalm that Asaph wrote” See how this is translated in Psalms 53:1. | ||
2777 | PSA | 76 | 1 | l846 | 0 | made himself known in Judah | “caused the people of Judah to know who he is” or “made himself famous in Judah” | ||
2778 | PSA | 76 | 1 | mmj6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | his name is great in Israel | The words “his name” are a metonym for his reputation. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel consider him good and powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2779 | PSA | 76 | 2 | z5vd | 0 | his dwelling place | “the place where he has chosen to live” | ||
2780 | PSA | 76 | 3 | e4xp | figs-metaphor | 0 | There he broke the arrows of the bow, the shield, the sword, and the other weapons of war | These words are probably a metaphor for God causing the people of Judah to live in peace without being afraid of enemies making war on them, but the words should be translated literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2781 | PSA | 76 | 4 | z2fb | 0 | General Information: | Asaph speaks of God as if God was a soldier returning from a mountain after winning a great battle. | ||
2782 | PSA | 76 | 4 | h3jm | figs-doublet | 0 | You shine brightly and reveal your glory | The second phrase strengthens the first phrase in that Yahweh’s glory relates to Yahweh shining brightly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2783 | PSA | 76 | 4 | zyy2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | You shine brightly | The words “shine brightly” are a metaphor for being great. Alternate translation: “You show how extremely great you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2784 | PSA | 76 | 5 | at6f | figs-activepassive | 0 | The bravehearted were plundered | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your people killed the brave soldiers of their enemies and then took all their possessions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2785 | PSA | 76 | 5 | xyy9 | figs-euphemism | 0 | fell asleep | Here “fell asleep” is a euphemism for died. Alternate translation: “died” or “fell down dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
2786 | PSA | 76 | 6 | zz9f | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | At your rebuke | The abstract noun “rebuke” refers to saying something in an angry or critical way. Alternate translation: “When you rebuked them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2787 | PSA | 76 | 6 | uud7 | figs-euphemism | 0 | fell asleep | This phrase is a polite way to say that they died. Alternate translation: “died” or “fell down dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
2788 | PSA | 76 | 7 | tzq2 | figs-rquestion | 0 | who can stand in your sight when you are angry? | This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can stand in your sight when you are angry.” or “You can destroy anyone at whom you are angry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2789 | PSA | 76 | 8 | gys7 | 0 | you made your judgment heard | “you pronounced judgment” or “you announced how you were going to punish wicked people” | ||
2790 | PSA | 76 | 8 | ls8s | figs-metonymy | 0 | the earth was | Here “the earth” is a metonym for the people living on the earth. Alternate translation: “the people of the earth were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2791 | PSA | 76 | 9 | rt43 | 0 | execute judgment | “carry out judgment” or “punish wicked people” | ||
2792 | PSA | 76 | 10 | ylu2 | 0 | Surely your angry judgment | “It is certain that your angry judgment” | ||
2793 | PSA | 76 | 10 | wqa6 | 0 | your angry judgment against humanity will bring you praise | Possible meanings are (1) “people will praise you because you are angry at the wicked and judge them” or (2) “people who are angry with you will do things that cause people to praise you.” | ||
2794 | PSA | 76 | 10 | f4xe | figs-metaphor | 0 | you gird yourself with what is left of your anger | Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as something that he can tie around himself like a belt. Alternate translation: “you tie your remaining anger around you like a belt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2795 | PSA | 76 | 11 | kw7a | 0 | him who is to be feared | “Yahweh, whom they should fear” | ||
2796 | PSA | 76 | 12 | vwa6 | figs-idiom | 0 | He cuts off the spirit of the princes | The phrase “He cuts off the spirit” is an idiom that means He breaks the spirit or He humbles. Alternate translation: “He humbles the princes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2797 | PSA | 76 | 12 | qgb5 | figs-activepassive | 0 | he is feared by the kings of the earth | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the kings of the earth fear him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2798 | PSA | 77 | intro | ks6q | 0 | Psalm 077 General NotesType of psalmThe author felt abandoned by God. This is a psalm of lament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) Special concepts in this chapterLamentGod used to be close to the psalmist, but now it seems that God has completely abandoned him. Long ago, God took care of Israel and brought the people safely through the sea. | |||
2799 | PSA | 77 | 1 | r8dd | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2800 | PSA | 77 | 1 | t66u | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
2801 | PSA | 77 | 1 | cek3 | translate-names | 0 | Jeduthun | One of David’s chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. See how you translated this in Psalms 39:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
2802 | PSA | 77 | 2 | hz8d | 0 | I stretched my hands out | “I prayed with my arms extended” | ||
2803 | PSA | 77 | 2 | a5dd | figs-synecdoche | 0 | My soul refused to be comforted | The “soul” represents the person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I would not allow anyone to try to comfort me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2804 | PSA | 77 | 3 | kq82 | figs-parallelism | 0 | I thought of God as I groaned; I thought about him as I grew faint | These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2805 | PSA | 77 | 3 | cc7s | 0 | as I grew faint | “as my spirit grew faint” or “as my spirit was overwhelmed” | ||
2806 | PSA | 77 | 4 | lga2 | 0 | General Information: | After speaking about God, Asaph speaks to God in verse 4 and then returns to speaking about God. | ||
2807 | PSA | 77 | 4 | kc23 | 0 | You held my eyes open | “I said to God, ‘You held my eyes open.’” | ||
2808 | PSA | 77 | 4 | bfk2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | held my eyes open | Open eyes is a metonym for being unable to sleep. Alternate translation: “kept me from sleeping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2809 | PSA | 77 | 5 | u2n5 | figs-parallelism | 0 | the days of old, about times long past | If necessary, “days of old” and “times long past” can be combined. Alternate translation: “about things that happened a very long time ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2810 | PSA | 77 | 6 | i4r9 | figs-idiom | 0 | I called to mind | This is an idiom for remembering. Alternate translation: “I remembered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2811 | PSA | 77 | 6 | kh2e | 0 | what had happened | Another possible meaning is “what was happening.” | ||
2812 | PSA | 77 | 7 | ie4q | figs-doublet | 0 | Will the Lord reject me forever? Will he never again show me favor? | These two phrases express feeling rejection from the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2813 | PSA | 77 | 7 | gat1 | 0 | show me favor | “do things that show that he is pleased with me” | ||
2814 | PSA | 77 | 8 | ydt2 | 0 | General Information: | Because Asaph was not sure of the answer to these questions, they are probably literal questions and should be translated literally. | ||
2815 | PSA | 77 | 8 | d9gm | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Was his covenant faithfulness gone forever? | Asaph speaks of Yahweh no longer acting faithfully to his covenant as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness had gone away. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Has he stopped being faithful to his covenant forever?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2816 | PSA | 77 | 9 | q3fw | figs-doublet | 0 | Had God forgotten to be gracious? Had his anger shut off his compassion? | These are two expressions stating similar concept of God not showing compassion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2817 | PSA | 77 | 9 | qup5 | figs-personification | 0 | Had his anger shut off his compassion | Asaph speaks of anger as if it were a person shutting a door to keep another person, compassion, from coming out, Alternate translation: “Had God stopped showing us compassion because he was angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2818 | PSA | 77 | 10 | v28j | 0 | I said | Possible meanings are (1) the psalmist was speaking to himself or (2) the psalmist was speaking to Yahweh. | ||
2819 | PSA | 77 | 10 | m81u | figs-metonymy | 0 | the changing of the right hand of the Most High toward us | The “right hand” is a metonym for power, authority or strength. Alternate translation: “the Most High no longer uses his power to help us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2820 | PSA | 77 | 11 | xb3t | 0 | General Information: | The writer begins to speak to Yahweh. | ||
2821 | PSA | 77 | 11 | esp5 | figs-idiom | 0 | call to mind | “remember” See how this is translated in Psalms 74:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2822 | PSA | 77 | 11 | ul2k | 0 | your wonderful deeds of old | “the wonderful things you did long ago” | ||
2823 | PSA | 77 | 12 | br6v | figs-doublet | 0 | I will ponder all your deeds and will reflect on them. | These two phrases express the concept of meditating on what Yahweh has done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2824 | PSA | 77 | 12 | vsp7 | 0 | ponder | think deeply about | ||
2825 | PSA | 77 | 12 | ju2f | 0 | reflect on them | “think of what they mean” | ||
2826 | PSA | 77 | 13 | hk88 | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues to speak to Yahweh. | ||
2827 | PSA | 77 | 13 | tr7z | figs-rquestion | 0 | what god compares to our great God? | This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “no god compares to our great God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2828 | PSA | 77 | 14 | vh9m | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | revealed your strength among the peoples | The abstract noun “strength” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “shown people from many people groups how strong you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2829 | PSA | 77 | 15 | nc87 | 0 | gave your people victory…the descendants | “gave us, your people, victory…us who are the descendants” | ||
2830 | PSA | 77 | 15 | cz77 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | gave your people victory | The abstract noun “victory” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “caused your people to be victorious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2831 | PSA | 77 | 15 | ani3 | 0 | the descendants of Jacob and Joseph | This refers to the entire nation of Israel. | ||
2832 | PSA | 77 | 16 | ms5u | figs-personification | 0 | The waters saw you…they were afraid…the depths trembled | Asaph speaks of the water as if it were a person who saw something that terrified him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2833 | PSA | 77 | 16 | a22h | figs-doublet | 0 | the waters saw you, and they were afraid; the depths trembled | “water” and “depth” refers to large bodies of water such as the sea or ocean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2834 | PSA | 77 | 16 | yh2l | 0 | depths | deepest waters | ||
2835 | PSA | 77 | 17 | cbk2 | figs-personification | 0 | The clouds poured down water | Asaph speaks of the clouds as if they were people pouring water out of containers. Alternate translation: “Much rain fell” or “It rained very hard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2836 | PSA | 77 | 17 | cil6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | your arrows flew about | This is a metaphor that describes lightning as God’s arrows. Alternate translation: “the lightning you made flashed like arrows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2837 | PSA | 77 | 17 | x29a | 0 | flew | Use your language’s word for what an arrow does after someone shoots it. | ||
2838 | PSA | 77 | 18 | ks1j | figs-personification | 0 | thunderous voice | This is personification, referring to the thunder as the voice of God. Alternate translation: “voice, which was as loud as thunder” or “very loud voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2839 | PSA | 77 | 18 | nr2p | figs-hyperbole | 0 | lightning lit up the world | This is an exaggeration to emphasize that the lightning lit up everything the writer could see. Alternate translation: “lightning lit up everything as far as you could see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
2840 | PSA | 77 | 19 | mc1k | figs-doublet | 0 | Your path…your way | These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2841 | PSA | 77 | 19 | xj78 | figs-personification | 0 | your footprints | Asaph is speaking of Yahweh as if Yahweh was a person with feet. While this is personification, it should be translated literally, if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2842 | PSA | 77 | 19 | k4y3 | figs-activepassive | 0 | your footprints were not seen | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one saw your footprints” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2843 | PSA | 77 | 20 | iq66 | figs-simile | 0 | You led your people like a flock | This simile compares God’s people to a flock of animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2844 | PSA | 77 | 20 | w73a | 0 | by the hand of | The phrase “by the hand of” here means “by the action of” or “through the action of.” | ||
2845 | PSA | 77 | 20 | m5wn | figs-synecdoche | 0 | hand | Here “hand” is synechdoche for the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2846 | PSA | 78 | intro | grf1 | 0 | Psalm 078 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 78 is a wisdom psalm using Israel’s history. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapterIsrael’s complainingAlthough God did one miracle after the other, the people of Israel still complained and failed to believe Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) SuperscriptionThis is called a “Maschil.” The word in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. | |||
2847 | PSA | 78 | 1 | w9rf | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2848 | PSA | 78 | 1 | n8s4 | 0 | A maschil | This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1. | ||
2849 | PSA | 78 | 1 | d6i3 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Hear my teaching | The noun “teaching” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “Hear what I teach” or “Hear me as I teach you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2850 | PSA | 78 | 1 | eqz7 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the words of my mouth | The word “mouth” represents the person. Alternate translation: “my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2851 | PSA | 78 | 2 | h2db | figs-idiom | 0 | open my mouth in parables | The idiom “open my mouth” means to speak. Alternate translation: “speak in parables” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2852 | PSA | 78 | 2 | z2j2 | 0 | sing about | “tell.” See how “pours out” is translated in Psalms 19:2. | ||
2853 | PSA | 78 | 2 | wp1x | 0 | hidden things | If your language has a word for sayings that are purposely difficult to understand, you might use it here. | ||
2854 | PSA | 78 | 3 | l6qu | 0 | General Information: | Verse 3 continues the sentence begun in verse 2. | ||
2855 | PSA | 78 | 4 | ypn2 | 0 | We will not keep them from their descendants | This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “We will certainly tell our descendants about them” | ||
2856 | PSA | 78 | 4 | n25r | 0 | the praiseworthy deeds of Yahweh | “the things we praise Yahweh for” | ||
2857 | PSA | 78 | 5 | py7k | 0 | he established | “Yahweh established” | ||
2858 | PSA | 78 | 5 | vj5d | 0 | covenant decrees | Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.” | ||
2859 | PSA | 78 | 7 | mlc7 | 0 | General Information: | The writer speaks of the “children” of Psalms 78:5-6. | ||
2860 | PSA | 78 | 9 | m1ru | 0 | The Ephraimites…day of battle | This is possibly a metaphor for not keeping the covenant (verse 10), but it is best to translate literally. | ||
2861 | PSA | 78 | 9 | xu77 | 0 | The Ephraimites | “The Ephraimite soldiers” | ||
2862 | PSA | 78 | 9 | v8af | figs-explicit | 0 | were armed with bows | The soldiers probably also had arrows. Alternate translation: “had bows and arrows for weapons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2863 | PSA | 78 | 12 | yx1l | translate-names | 0 | land of Zoan | This refers to the area around the city of Zoan, which was in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
2864 | PSA | 78 | 15 | era1 | 0 | He split | “God split” | ||
2865 | PSA | 78 | 15 | c2kx | figs-hyperbole | 0 | enough to fill the depths of the sea | This is probably hyperbole. Alternate translation: “more water than they could possibly drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
2866 | PSA | 78 | 16 | sa5m | 0 | streams | small rivers | ||
2867 | PSA | 78 | 18 | tv84 | 0 | They challenged God | They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him. | ||
2868 | PSA | 78 | 18 | ms11 | 0 | in their hearts | “with their whole hearts” | ||
2869 | PSA | 78 | 18 | x27j | 0 | to satisfy their appetites | “so they could eat as much as they desired” | ||
2870 | PSA | 78 | 19 | di5n | 0 | They spoke | the Israelites spoke | ||
2871 | PSA | 78 | 19 | gpm7 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Can God really lay out a table for us in the wilderness? | This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We do not believe that God can really lay out a table for us in the wilderness!” or “God, prove to us that you can really lay out a table for us in the wilderness!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2872 | PSA | 78 | 19 | ui27 | figs-idiom | 0 | lay out a table | The idiom “lay out a table” means to prepare a table for a meal. Here the word “table” is a metonym for the food on the table. Alternate translation: “provide us with food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2873 | PSA | 78 | 20 | xnn4 | 0 | waters gushed out | much water came out quickly | ||
2874 | PSA | 78 | 20 | pe8w | figs-rquestion | 0 | But can he give bread also? Will he provide meat for his people? | The people are laughing at God to insult him with these questions. Alternate translation: “But we will not believe that he can give us bread also or provide meat for his people until we see him do it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2875 | PSA | 78 | 20 | crp3 | figs-rquestion | 0 | bread…meat | food from plants or food from animals. Though this is a merism for all kinds of food, it is best to translate it literally if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2876 | PSA | 78 | 21 | fd1k | figs-metaphor | 0 | his fire burned against Jacob | The writer speaks of Yahweh’s anger as if it were a fire, and of Yahweh acting in anger against Jacob as if that fire burned Jacob. Alternate translation: “his anger was like a fire that burned Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2877 | PSA | 78 | 21 | wp71 | 0 | Jacob | This refers to the nation of Israel | ||
2878 | PSA | 78 | 21 | k1pp | figs-personification | 0 | his anger attacked Israel | The writer speaks of Yahweh punishing Israel when he was angry as if his anger were a person who attacked Israel. Alternate translation: “because he was angry, he attacked Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2879 | PSA | 78 | 22 | ze3v | 0 | did not trust in his salvation | “did not trust him to save them” | ||
2880 | PSA | 78 | 23 | er7j | figs-personification | 0 | he commanded the skies | Asaph speaks of the skies as if they were a person who could hear and obey God’s commands. Alternate translation: “he spoke to the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2881 | PSA | 78 | 23 | bs7u | 0 | skies | Possible meanings are (1) “sky” or (2) “clouds.” | ||
2882 | PSA | 78 | 23 | wx6j | figs-metaphor | 0 | opened the doors of the sky | Asaph speaks of the sky as if it were a storeroom with doors. Alternate translation: “opened the sky as if it were a storeroom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2883 | PSA | 78 | 24 | mrr5 | 0 | He rained down manna for them to eat, and gave them the grain from heaven | These two lines speak of the same event. | ||
2884 | PSA | 78 | 24 | u9dw | 0 | He rained down manna | “He caused manna to fall from the sky like rain” | ||
2885 | PSA | 78 | 25 | l158 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the bread of angels | This refers to the manna that God provided for the people. The word “bread” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “the same kind of food that angels eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2886 | PSA | 78 | 25 | a5x1 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | food in abundance | The abstract noun “abundance” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “abundant food” or “a large amount of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2887 | PSA | 78 | 26 | t8wt | 0 | He caused | “God caused” | ||
2888 | PSA | 78 | 27 | f33h | figs-metaphor | 0 | He rained down meat on them like dust | The writer speaks of Yahweh causing birds to fall from the sky as if the birds were rain that Yahweh caused to fall. He compares the large amount of birds to dust. Alternate translation: “He caused meat to fall from the sky like rain, and there was so much of it that it covered the ground like dust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2889 | PSA | 78 | 27 | x2ac | 0 | meat | birds | ||
2890 | PSA | 78 | 27 | mw2h | figs-hyperbole | 0 | as numerous as the sands of the sea | No one can count the grains of sand. There were more birds than anyone could count, but this is an exaggeration: there were probably not literally the same number of birds as grains of sand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
2891 | PSA | 78 | 29 | uu98 | 0 | craved | strongly desired | ||
2892 | PSA | 78 | 31 | sne1 | 0 | Then | while the food was still in their mouths (Psalms 78:31) | ||
2893 | PSA | 78 | 31 | pz58 | figs-personification | 0 | God’s anger attacked them | “God was angry and attacked them.” See how “his anger attacked Israel” is translated in Psalms 78:21. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2894 | PSA | 78 | 31 | qn52 | figs-euphemism | 0 | brought down | This is a euphemism that means he caused them to die. Alternate translation: “killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
2895 | PSA | 78 | 32 | lg44 | figs-metonymy | 0 | did not believe his wonderful deeds | The word “deeds” is a metonym for God, who did the deeds. What they did not believe can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “did not believe that he would take care of them even though he had done such wonderful deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2896 | PSA | 78 | 33 | wg5l | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues telling of what God did to the Israelites. | ||
2897 | PSA | 78 | 33 | k4p9 | figs-euphemism | 0 | cut short their days | Here the word “days” refers to a lifetime. The idiom “to cut short…days” means to cause someone to die before they have lived a long life. Alternate translation: “killed them while they were still young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
2898 | PSA | 78 | 33 | b6nk | figs-metaphor | 0 | their years were filled with terror | Asaph speaks of years as if they were containers. Alternate translation: “year after year they were afraid all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2899 | PSA | 78 | 34 | njc9 | figs-idiom | 0 | to seek him | to ask him what they needed to do so he would protect them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2900 | PSA | 78 | 34 | y7s9 | 0 | afflicted them, they would…they would return and look | These are different people from those whose days God “cut short.” When some of them died, others would “start to seek” God. | ||
2901 | PSA | 78 | 34 | kt48 | 0 | would return | “would repent” or “would be truly sorry for their sins” | ||
2902 | PSA | 78 | 34 | ut52 | 0 | look earnestly | “look urgently” or “look as best they could” | ||
2903 | PSA | 78 | 35 | nd5q | 0 | General Information: | The tells of what the Israelites did. | ||
2904 | PSA | 78 | 35 | g7l1 | 0 | call to mind | “remember.” See how this is translated in Psalms 20:3. | ||
2905 | PSA | 78 | 35 | lz71 | figs-metaphor | 0 | God was their rock | The writer speaks about God as if he were a hill or mountain where people could go to be safe from their enemies. Alternate translation: “God was the one who protected them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2906 | PSA | 78 | 35 | xc3l | 0 | their rescuer | “the one who rescued them” | ||
2907 | PSA | 78 | 36 | bh83 | 0 | flatter him | “tell him he was wonderful when they did not believe it” | ||
2908 | PSA | 78 | 36 | u1ms | figs-metonymy | 0 | with their mouth | The word “mouth” is a metonym for the words they spoke using their mouths. Alternate translation: “by saying what they said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2909 | PSA | 78 | 37 | dml1 | figs-idiom | 0 | their hearts were not firmly fixed on him | Here “hearts” is a metonym for their thoughts. To be loyal to him is spoken of as being solidly attached to him. Alternate translation: “their thoughts were not focused on him” or “they were not loyal to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2910 | PSA | 78 | 38 | zr2s | 0 | forgave their iniquity | “forgave them even though they had done evil deeds” | ||
2911 | PSA | 78 | 38 | x9x1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | held back his anger | Asaph speaks of God’s anger as if it were an angry person whom God held onto to keep him from attacking the one who had made him angry. Alternate translation: “did not punish them even though he was angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2912 | PSA | 78 | 38 | n79l | figs-metaphor | 0 | did not stir up all his wrath | Asaph speaks of God’s wrath as if it were a sleeping person whom God allowed to sleep and did not awaken. Alternate translation: “did not allow himself to become fully angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2913 | PSA | 78 | 39 | uw3m | figs-idiom | 0 | called to mind | “remembered.” See how “call to mind” is translated in Psalms 20:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2914 | PSA | 78 | 39 | kj81 | figs-metonymy | 0 | they were made of flesh | The word “flesh,” which is weak and then dies, is a metonym for human weakness and death. Alternate translation: “the Israelites were weak and would someday die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2915 | PSA | 78 | 40 | pfz7 | 0 | the barren regions | “places where nothing grows” | ||
2916 | PSA | 78 | 41 | e1t4 | 0 | they challenged God | They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him. See how you translated this in Psalms 78:18. | ||
2917 | PSA | 78 | 42 | hig2 | 0 | General Information: | The writer speaks of how God had rescued the Israelites. | ||
2918 | PSA | 78 | 43 | m414 | translate-names | 0 | Zoan | a city in Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
2919 | PSA | 78 | 44 | f9kn | 0 | General Information: | The writer describes what God did. | ||
2920 | PSA | 78 | 45 | k7ba | 0 | swarms of flies | so many flies that it looked like a cloud | ||
2921 | PSA | 78 | 45 | iz2f | figs-metaphor | 0 | that devoured them | The flies made the Egyptians almost as unhappy as they would have if they had eaten the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
2922 | PSA | 78 | 45 | bl66 | 0 | overran their land | “went everywhere in their land” | ||
2923 | PSA | 78 | 46 | ze3g | 0 | gave their crops to the grasshopper and their labor to the locust | “allowed the grasshoppers to eat all their crops and allowed the locusts to eat everything they had worked hard to produce” | ||
2924 | PSA | 78 | 46 | wy2b | 0 | grasshopper | a plant-eating insect with long legs used for jumping | ||
2925 | PSA | 78 | 46 | w8fu | figs-metaphor | 0 | He gave their crops to the grasshopper | Asaph speaks of the crops as a gift that God gave to the grasshoppers. Alternate translation: “He allowed the grasshopper to eat their crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2926 | PSA | 78 | 46 | n1cm | figs-metaphor | 0 | their labor to the locust | “he gave their labor to the locust.” Asaph speaks of the people’s labor as if it were a gift that God gave to the grasshoppers. The word “labor” is a metonym for the crops that their labor had produced. Alternate translation: “he allowed the locusts to eat the crops they had worked so hard to produce” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2927 | PSA | 78 | 47 | wa4x | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues to describe what God did to the Egyptians. | ||
2928 | PSA | 78 | 47 | kzp7 | 0 | sycamore | a tree that gives fruit | ||
2929 | PSA | 78 | 48 | m24k | 0 | lightning bolts | lightning that makes loud thunder | ||
2930 | PSA | 78 | 48 | w4nt | 0 | He rained hail | “He brought hail” or “He caused hail to fall” | ||
2931 | PSA | 78 | 49 | jlg2 | figs-personification | 0 | The fierceness of his anger lashed out against them | Asaph speaks of God’s fierceness as if it were a person who could attack another person. Alternate translation: “He was angry with them, so he suddenly and fiercely attacked them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2932 | PSA | 78 | 49 | f8zm | 0 | The fierceness of his anger | “His fierce anger” | ||
2933 | PSA | 78 | 49 | qct3 | 0 | lashed out against them | “attacked them when they were not expecting anything to happen” | ||
2934 | PSA | 78 | 49 | eh6a | figs-personification | 0 | He sent wrath, fury, and trouble like agents who bring disaster | Asaph speaks of wrath, fury, and trouble as though they are people God can send to do his work for him. Alternate translation: “He was so angry that he wanted to harm the Egyptians, so he made trouble for them and brought them to disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2935 | PSA | 78 | 49 | p12j | 0 | fury | anger that makes someone want to harm others | ||
2936 | PSA | 78 | 50 | wz8d | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues to describe what God did to the Egyptians. | ||
2937 | PSA | 78 | 50 | fr3i | figs-metaphor | 0 | He leveled a path for his anger | The psalmist speaks of anger as if it were a person who could walk Yahweh getting ready to punish the people as if he were making a smooth road for a person to walk on. Alternate translation: “He was so angry that he did everything he could to harm them” or “It was as if his anger was an army and he made a smooth road for it to march on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2938 | PSA | 78 | 50 | p57t | 0 | he did not spare them from death | “he did not keep the Egyptians from dying” or “he did not permit the Egyptians to live” | ||
2939 | PSA | 78 | 50 | d3e4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | gave them over to the plague | Asaph speaks of the plague as if it were a person who was going to harm the Egyptians. Alternate translation: “he made them all very ill with the plague” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2940 | PSA | 78 | 51 | kng7 | figs-idiom | 0 | the firstborn of their strength | This phrase refers to the firstborn males of each family. Alternate translation: “the firstborn males” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2941 | PSA | 78 | 51 | a3cw | figs-metonymy | 0 | in the tents of Ham | Here the word “tents” is a metonym for families. The word “Ham” refers to Egypt by the name of their ancestor. Alternate translation: “among the families of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2942 | PSA | 78 | 52 | s28c | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. | ||
2943 | PSA | 78 | 52 | bep8 | figs-simile | 0 | like sheep…like a flock | The writer speaks about the Israelites as if they were sheep. This means God cared for and protected the people like a shepherd does his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2944 | PSA | 78 | 53 | fxw6 | 0 | overwhelmed | completely covered | ||
2945 | PSA | 78 | 54 | w66a | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. | ||
2946 | PSA | 78 | 54 | bzp1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | his right hand acquired | The words “right hand” are a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “he won for himself using his own power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2947 | PSA | 78 | 55 | er9f | 0 | assigned them their inheritance | Possible meanings are (1) God assigned the Israelites their inheritance in the land in which the other nations had once lived or (2) God assigned to the nations he had driven out an inheritance somewhere else. “gave them land that would always be theirs” | ||
2948 | PSA | 78 | 55 | ph3l | figs-idiom | 0 | in their tents | Possible meanings are (1) he settled Israel in their own tents in the land or (2) he settled Israel in the tents from which he had driven the other nations. Most of these “tents” were actually houses, both when the other nations lived in them and when the Israelites lived in them. Alternate translation: “in their homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2949 | PSA | 78 | 56 | ft4l | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. | ||
2950 | PSA | 78 | 56 | be26 | figs-doublet | 0 | challenged and defied | These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to emphasize that the Israelites did not believe that God would either provide for them or punish evil as he had said he would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2951 | PSA | 78 | 56 | n34f | 0 | challenged | They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him. See how you translated this idea in Psalms 78:18. | ||
2952 | PSA | 78 | 56 | wzz7 | 0 | defied | refused to obey | ||
2953 | PSA | 78 | 57 | dcj9 | figs-doublet | 0 | were unfaithful and acted treacherously | These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to emphasize that the Israelites did not do for God what they had said they would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
2954 | PSA | 78 | 58 | s4jj | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. | ||
2955 | PSA | 78 | 58 | um4c | figs-parallelism | 0 | made him angry with their high places and provoked him to jealous anger with their idols | These two phrases are in parallel and have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2956 | PSA | 78 | 60 | g4ie | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. | ||
2957 | PSA | 78 | 61 | l5jm | figs-metonymy | 0 | He allowed his strength to be captured and gave his glory into the enemy’s hand | Asaph speaks of God’s strength and glory as if they were physical objects that people could capture and hold. The words “strength” and “glory” are probably mentonyms for the ark of the covenant. The word “hand” is a metonym for the enemy’s power. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He allowed his enemies to capture the glorious ark of his covenant; he simply gave it to them so they could do whatever they wanted with it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2958 | PSA | 78 | 62 | af4s | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. | ||
2959 | PSA | 78 | 62 | j359 | figs-metaphor | 0 | He handed his people over to the sword | Asaph speaks of God’s people as if they were a small object God would give as a gift, and of the sword, a metonym for death in war, as if it were a person who could receive a gift. Alternate translation: “He allowed people to kill all his people in war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2960 | PSA | 78 | 62 | tj9q | 0 | he was angry with his heritage | “he was angry with the people he had said would be his forever” | ||
2961 | PSA | 78 | 63 | zrz5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Fire devoured their young men | Possible meanings are (1) “The enemy used fire to kill all their young men” or (2) “Their young men died quickly in battle like a fire burns dry grass.” Do not communicate that these people used guns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2962 | PSA | 78 | 63 | fil5 | 0 | devoured | To “devour” is to eat everything very quickly. | ||
2963 | PSA | 78 | 63 | l8nc | 0 | wedding | the celebration when people marry | ||
2964 | PSA | 78 | 64 | t7aj | figs-metonymy | 0 | Their priests fell by the sword | Here the word “sword” represents soldiers who fought with swords. The phrase “fell by the sword” is an idiom that means to die in battle. Alternate translation: “Their priests died in battle” or “Enemies killed their priests with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
2965 | PSA | 78 | 64 | zgw6 | 0 | their widows could not weep | Possible meanings are (1) someone forced the widows not to weep or (2) so many priests died that there was no time for proper funerals. | ||
2966 | PSA | 78 | 64 | cve4 | 0 | widows | women whose husbands have died | ||
2967 | PSA | 78 | 65 | p4ds | figs-metaphor | 0 | the Lord awakened as one from sleep | The Lord not acting for a period of time is spoken of as if he were asleep, and his beginning to act is spoken of as if he awakened. Alternate translation: “the Lord began to act as if he had awakened from sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2968 | PSA | 78 | 65 | ny1d | 0 | like a warrior who shouts because of wine | Possible meanings are (1) like a warrior who had drunk too much wine and has become angry because he was awakened and so wants to fight or (2) like a warrior who drank much wine but is now able to think and fight well because he has slept. | ||
2969 | PSA | 78 | 67 | wl1g | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel. | ||
2970 | PSA | 78 | 67 | rr45 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the tent of Joseph | Here the word “tent” is a metonym for a family. In this phrase it refers to the descendants of Joseph. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2971 | PSA | 78 | 67 | fzh7 | 0 | Joseph…Ephraim | Ephraim was Joseph’s son. | ||
2972 | PSA | 78 | 68 | as8e | 0 | Judah…Mount Zion | Mount Zion was in the land where the tribe of Judah lived. | ||
2973 | PSA | 78 | 69 | dkr9 | figs-simile | 0 | He built his sanctuary like the heavens | Possible meanings for this simile are (1) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as high as the heavens. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary high, like the heavens” or (2) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as permanent as the heavens. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary to last permanently, like the heavens last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2974 | PSA | 78 | 69 | bq5q | figs-ellipsis | 0 | like the earth | The verb may be supplied from the previous line. The writer compares the permanence of Yahweh’s sanctuary to the permanence of the earth. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary to last permanently, like the earth lasts permanently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2975 | PSA | 78 | 70 | w3bv | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues to describe what God did | ||
2976 | PSA | 78 | 70 | c6qm | figs-explicit | 0 | from the sheepfolds | “from where he was working in the sheepfolds” [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] | |
2977 | PSA | 78 | 70 | c6y9 | 0 | sheepfolds | spaces with walls around them where sheep are kept safe | ||
2978 | PSA | 78 | 71 | x189 | figs-metaphor | 0 | to be shepherd of Jacob, his people, and of Israel, his heritage | The word “shepherd” is a metaphor for one who leads and protects other people. Alternate translation: “to lead and protect the descendants of Jacob, his people, and of Israel, his heritage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2979 | PSA | 78 | 71 | f6sh | 0 | his heritage | “the ones he had chosen to be his forever” See how this is translated in Psalms 78:62. | ||
2980 | PSA | 78 | 72 | q2pe | figs-metaphor | 0 | David shepherded them | The word “shepherded” is a metaphor for leading and protecting. Alternate translation: “David led them and protected them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2981 | PSA | 79 | intro | k1lh | 0 | Psalm 079 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 79 is a deliverance psalm and a prayer for revenge against their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]]) Special concepts in this chapterDestructionJerusalem has been destroyed and its people killed. God should destroy these enemy nations who do not pray to him. | |||
2982 | PSA | 79 | 1 | q2wf | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2983 | PSA | 79 | 1 | yd8b | 0 | your inheritance | “the land that was to be yours forever” See how this is translated in Psalms 68:9. | ||
2984 | PSA | 79 | 3 | da6v | figs-metonymy | 0 | They have shed their blood like water | The word “blood” is a metonym for innocent life. To shed blood is to kill innocent people. Most people saw water every day, so for blood to be as common as water, many innocent people would have to die. Alternate translation: “They have killed so many innocent people that the blood is everywhere, like water after it rains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2985 | PSA | 79 | 4 | ab9w | figs-metonymy | 0 | We have become a reproach for our neighbors, mocking and derision to those who are around us | The words “reproach,” “mocking,” and “derision” are metonyms for those whom others reproach, mock, and deride. Alternate translation: “We have become people whom our neighbors reproach; those around us mock and deride us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2986 | PSA | 79 | 4 | kc2x | 0 | We have become | The pronoun “We” refers to God’s people. | ||
2987 | PSA | 79 | 4 | beg9 | 0 | derision | strong laughter to shame a person | ||
2988 | PSA | 79 | 5 | us3y | figs-rquestion | 0 | How long will your jealous anger burn like fire? | This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems as though your jealous anger will never stop burning like fire.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
2989 | PSA | 79 | 5 | fx6v | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | will your jealous anger burn | The abstract noun “anger” can be stated as “angry.” Alternate translation: “will you be jealous and angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2990 | PSA | 79 | 5 | g11j | figs-simile | 0 | burn like fire | This simile compares the expression of God’s anger to a fire that destroys things. Alternate translation: “destroy us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2991 | PSA | 79 | 6 | dj2l | figs-parallelism | 0 | General Information: | These two pairs of phrases each share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
2992 | PSA | 79 | 6 | ez9d | figs-metaphor | 0 | Pour out your wrath on the nations | Asaph speaks of God’s wrath as if it were a liquid. Alternate translation: “Since you are angry, punish the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2993 | PSA | 79 | 6 | b6qd | figs-metonymy | 0 | do not call upon your name | The word “name” is a metonym for the person’s power and authority. Alternate translation: “do not belong to you” or “do not ask you to help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2994 | PSA | 79 | 7 | wy1b | figs-metonymy | 0 | they have devoured Jacob | The word “Jacob” is a mentonym for his descendants, the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “they have completely destroyed the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2995 | PSA | 79 | 8 | l3hg | 0 | Do not hold the sins of our forefathers against us | “Do not continue to remember the sins of our forefathers and punish us for them” or “Forgive us for the sins of our forefathers” | ||
2996 | PSA | 79 | 8 | wp6e | figs-metaphor | 0 | we are very low | The writer speaks of the people being weak and discouraged as if they were in a low position. Alternate translation: “we are very weak” or “we are very discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2997 | PSA | 79 | 9 | el14 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | God of our salvation | The word “salvation” can be translated with the verb “save”: “God who saves us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2998 | PSA | 79 | 9 | bk3k | figs-metonymy | 0 | for the sake of the glory of your name | The word “name” is a metonym for his reputation, for what people know about him. Alternate translation: “so that people will know about your glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2999 | PSA | 79 | 9 | m8z9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | for your name’s sake | God’s name here represents his whole being and the honor that he deserves. Alternate translation: “so that people will honor you” or “for your own sake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3000 | PSA | 79 | 10 | pgc2 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Why should the nations say, “Where is their God?” | This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The nations should not be able to say, ‘Where is their God?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3001 | PSA | 79 | 10 | q444 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Where is their God? | This taunt can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Their God cannot do anything!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3002 | PSA | 79 | 10 | syh5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | May the blood of your servants that was shed be avenged on the nations before our eyes | To shed blood is a metonym for killing innocent people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Avenge your innocent servants whom the nations killed where we can see you do it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3003 | PSA | 79 | 10 | b56d | 0 | before our eyes | “in our sight” or “while we are present” | ||
3004 | PSA | 79 | 11 | ppy3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | May the groans of the prisoners come before you | Asaph speaks of the sound made by prisoners in pain and sorrow as if it were a person who appears before a king. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully to the groans of the prisoners and help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3005 | PSA | 79 | 11 | ggp2 | figs-idiom | 0 | children of death | This is an idiom that refers to people who are condemned to death. Alternate translation: “those who are condemned to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3006 | PSA | 79 | 12 | mm85 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Pay back…the insults…Lord | Asaph speaks of the evil deeds that the neighboring countries did against Israel as “insults,” and as if they were physical items. He asks the Lord to count those deeds, and for every one that the neighboring countries committed, he asks the Lord to have someone do seven evil deeds to the neighboring countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3007 | PSA | 79 | 12 | guy1 | 0 | Pay back | “Return” or “Give back” | ||
3008 | PSA | 79 | 12 | v85q | figs-metaphor | 0 | into the laps | onto their knees and thighs as they are sitting. This is a metaphor for “directly and personally.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3009 | PSA | 79 | 13 | uf6h | figs-metaphor | 0 | we your people and sheep of your pasture will give you thanks | The word “sheep” is a metaphor for helpless people whom a shepherd protects and leads. Alternate translation: “we who are your people, whom you protect and lead, will thank you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3010 | PSA | 79 | 13 | qt1i | 0 | tell your praises to all generations | “make sure that all generations to come know all the good things you have done” | ||
3011 | PSA | 79 | 13 | y9ux | figs-metonymy | 0 | your praises | This represents the things that people will praise them the Lord for. Alternate translation: “continue to praise you for the things that you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3012 | PSA | 80 | intro | lis5 | 0 | Psalm 080 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 80 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s helpIsrael’s enemies threaten them. The psalmist asks Yahweh to look down with joy on them, then they will be saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) Important figures of speech in this chapterMetaphorThe author uses an extended metaphor of Israel as a vine planted by God which is being uprooted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |||
3013 | PSA | 80 | 1 | ijk8 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3014 | PSA | 80 | 1 | lsl8 | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” See how this is translated in Psalms 4:1. | ||
3015 | PSA | 80 | 1 | gk4a | 0 | set to the Shoshannim | This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 45:1. | ||
3016 | PSA | 80 | 1 | q2t5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Shepherd of Israel | Asaph is referring to God as the one who leads and protects Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3017 | PSA | 80 | 1 | aa1a | figs-metaphor | 0 | you who lead Joseph like a flock | The word “Joseph” refers to the nation of Israel. Asaph speaks of the people as if they were a flock of sheep that Yahweh, who is the shepherd, leads. Alternate translation: “you who lead the descendants of Joseph as though they were a flock of sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3018 | PSA | 80 | 1 | zxu9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Joseph | Here Joseph represents the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3019 | PSA | 80 | 1 | w585 | figs-explicit | 0 | you who sit above the cherubim | You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate translation: “you who sit on your throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3020 | PSA | 80 | 1 | qzy5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | shine on us | Asaph speaks of God as if he were the sun, giving light, a metaphor for moral goodness. Alternate translation: “give us light” or “show us the right way to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3021 | PSA | 80 | 2 | k49s | figs-idiom | 0 | stir up your power | The phrase “stir up” means to “put into action.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3022 | PSA | 80 | 3 | yn32 | figs-metaphor | 0 | make your face shine on us | The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. Alternate translation: “act favorably towards us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3023 | PSA | 80 | 3 | h5vg | figs-activepassive | 0 | and we will be saved | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “and please save us” or “so that you can save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3024 | PSA | 80 | 4 | h8am | 0 | your people | Israel | ||
3025 | PSA | 80 | 5 | xu1m | figs-metaphor | 0 | You have fed them with the bread of tears and given them tears to drink in great quantities | The words “bread of tears” and “tears to drink” are metaphors for continual sadness. Alternate translation: “You have made sure that they are very sad all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3026 | PSA | 80 | 7 | p7tt | 0 | General Information: | Asaph is speaking on behalf of the people of Israel. He begins in verse 8 to speak of the way God settled Israel in their land as if God were a man who cleared ground and planted a grapevine. The image of the grapevine continues through verse 16. | ||
3027 | PSA | 80 | 7 | m1s6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | make your face shine on us | The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. See how you translated this in Psalms 80:3. Alternate translation: “act favorably towards us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3028 | PSA | 80 | 7 | s2tp | figs-activepassive | 0 | we will be saved | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3029 | PSA | 80 | 8 | wf8l | figs-metaphor | 0 | You brought a vine out of Egypt | Asaph compares the nation of Israel to a vine made ready to transplant. Alternate translation: “You brought us, like a vine, out of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3030 | PSA | 80 | 8 | bze6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you drove out nations and transplanted it | The psalmist speaks of his people as if they were a plant that Yahweh was transplanting. Alternate translation: “you drove out nations from their land and gave it to us, the vine, and planted us there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3031 | PSA | 80 | 9 | p51x | figs-metaphor | 0 | General Information: | Asaph continues speaking of Israel in their land as if Israel were a grapevine in a vineyard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3032 | PSA | 80 | 9 | da43 | 0 | You cleared the land for it | “You cleared the land for the vine” | ||
3033 | PSA | 80 | 9 | z9lb | 0 | it took root | “the vine took root” or “the vine began to grow” | ||
3034 | PSA | 80 | 9 | g1jw | 0 | filled the land | “its branches covered the land” | ||
3035 | PSA | 80 | 10 | fi6a | figs-activepassive | 0 | The mountains were covered with its shade, the cedars of God by its branches | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Its shade covered the mountains, its branches the cedars of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3036 | PSA | 80 | 10 | bmv4 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | the cedars of God by its branches | “and the cedars of God were covered by its branches,” which copies the verb from the previous sentence. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and its branches covered the cedars of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3037 | PSA | 80 | 10 | rx8y | 0 | cedars of God | Possible meanings are (1) “the highest cedar trees,” the cedar trees that grew on the “mountains” in the land of Lebanon north of Israel, or (2) “God’s own cedar trees.” | ||
3038 | PSA | 80 | 11 | x87h | 0 | the sea | the Mediterranean Sea to the west of Israel | ||
3039 | PSA | 80 | 11 | rmb1 | 0 | shoots | the parts of new plants that are just starting to grow above the ground | ||
3040 | PSA | 80 | 12 | un6e | 0 | General Information: | Asaph continues speaking of Israel in their land as if Israel were a grapevine in a vineyard. | ||
3041 | PSA | 80 | 12 | fi84 | 0 | its walls | walls of stone, not of wood | ||
3042 | PSA | 80 | 13 | pyu2 | translate-unknown | 0 | boars | wild pigs that ruin gardens and farms and attack people. If your readers do not know what these are, use the word for a wild animal that ruins gardens and farms and attacks people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
3043 | PSA | 80 | 13 | l9qw | 0 | forest | land where there are many trees | ||
3044 | PSA | 80 | 13 | sl1n | 0 | beasts | wild animals of any kind | ||
3045 | PSA | 80 | 13 | q1bx | 0 | field | land where there are many plants but no trees | ||
3046 | PSA | 80 | 14 | fln7 | 0 | General Information: | Asaph finishes speaking of Israel in their land as if Israel were a grapevine in a vineyard. | ||
3047 | PSA | 80 | 14 | ifq4 | figs-explicit | 0 | Turn back | The writer wants God to turn back in order to help them. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Turn back to us” or “Come and help us again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3048 | PSA | 80 | 14 | z9yp | 0 | take notice | “look at” | ||
3049 | PSA | 80 | 14 | n1vp | figs-metaphor | 0 | this vine | The writer continues comparing the nation of Israel to the vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3050 | PSA | 80 | 15 | am7w | figs-metonymy | 0 | This is the root that your right hand planted | The right hand represents the Yahweh’s power and control. Alternate translation: “This is the root that you, Yahweh, planted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3051 | PSA | 80 | 15 | zd8b | 0 | shoot | the part of a new plant that is just starting to grow above the ground. See how you translated this in Psalms 80:11. | ||
3052 | PSA | 80 | 16 | k41m | 0 | down; they perish because of your rebuke | Possible meanings are (1) “down; your people perish because of your rebuke.” or (2) “down. May your enemies perish because of your rebuke!” | ||
3053 | PSA | 80 | 17 | rs8s | figs-metonymy | 0 | your hand | This refers to Yahweh’s power and control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3054 | PSA | 80 | 17 | t6vz | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the man of your right hand | the nation of Israel, which Yahweh has chosen as his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3055 | PSA | 80 | 17 | pxv7 | figs-idiom | 0 | right hand | When a man in Israel wanted to honor another man, he would have that other man stand at his right side, close to his right hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3056 | PSA | 80 | 18 | hml7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | we will not turn away from you | Here “turn away” is a metaphor for rejecting someone. This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “we will not stop worshiping and obeying you” or “we will always worship and obey you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3057 | PSA | 80 | 19 | sz4h | figs-metaphor | 0 | shine on us | The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. See how you translated this in Psalms 80:3. Alternate translation: “act favorably towards us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3058 | PSA | 80 | 19 | q2fl | figs-activepassive | 0 | we will be saved | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3059 | PSA | 81 | intro | dvt7 | 0 | Psalm 081 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 81 is a wisdom psalm. It is meant to be sung at “new moon” and “full moon” ceremonies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapterObedienceIf Israel would obey and worship God, he would destroy their enemies. | |||
3060 | PSA | 81 | 1 | m6jf | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3061 | PSA | 81 | 1 | v66t | 0 | A psalm of Asaph | A psalm that Asaph wrote. | ||
3062 | PSA | 81 | 1 | f39e | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship;” | ||
3063 | PSA | 81 | 1 | mdg7 | 0 | set to the Gittith | This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 8:1. | ||
3064 | PSA | 81 | 1 | thx5 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | God our strength | The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as “strong.” Alternate translation: “God who causes us to be strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3065 | PSA | 81 | 1 | e6id | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the God of Jacob | Here “Jacob” represents all of his descendants. Alternate translation: “the God of Israel, the nation of Jacob’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3066 | PSA | 81 | 2 | ft8a | 0 | play the tambourine, the pleasant lyre with the harp | These are musical instruments. | ||
3067 | PSA | 81 | 2 | cm4s | translate-unknown | 0 | tambourine | a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
3068 | PSA | 81 | 3 | rlg9 | 0 | the new moon | This is the beginning of the lunar month. | ||
3069 | PSA | 81 | 3 | d9nm | 0 | the day of the full moon | This is the middle of the lunar month. | ||
3070 | PSA | 81 | 3 | k5wx | 0 | when our feast day begins | “and on the days when our feasts begin” | ||
3071 | PSA | 81 | 4 | aq4w | 0 | For it | Here “it” refers to the feast day. | ||
3072 | PSA | 81 | 4 | q9gy | figs-activepassive | 0 | a decree given by the God of Jacob | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the God of Jacob decreed it” or “the God of Jacob commanded it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3073 | PSA | 81 | 4 | pf9k | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the God of Jacob | Here “Jacob” represents all of his descendants. Alternate translation: “the God of Israel, the nation of Jacob’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3074 | PSA | 81 | 5 | n95q | 0 | issued it as a regulation | “gave it as a law” | ||
3075 | PSA | 81 | 5 | l2yn | figs-synecdoche | 0 | in Joseph | Here “Joseph” represents all of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “to the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3076 | PSA | 81 | 5 | qm81 | figs-explicit | 0 | when he went against the land of Egypt | This refers to the historical events in Egypt when the people of Israel were enslaved and God rescued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3077 | PSA | 81 | 5 | i688 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the land of Egypt | Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3078 | PSA | 81 | 6 | j91r | 0 | General Information: | Here God begins speaking. | ||
3079 | PSA | 81 | 6 | wgu2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | removed the burden from his shoulder | Here “the burden from his shoulder” represents the forced labor the Israelites had to do as slaves in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3080 | PSA | 81 | 6 | r64s | figs-synecdoche | 0 | his hands were freed from holding the basket | Here “holding the basket” represents the forced labor the Israelites had to do as slaves in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3081 | PSA | 81 | 7 | hx7m | 0 | In your distress | “In your great suffering” | ||
3082 | PSA | 81 | 7 | wi77 | figs-explicit | 0 | I answered you from a dark thundercloud | When God came to the Israelites, he hid the fullness of his presence and glory in a dark and threatening cloud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3083 | PSA | 81 | 7 | u6w7 | figs-explicit | 0 | I tested you at the waters of Meribah | God tested the children of Israel to see if they would trust him to supply water in the desert of Meribah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3084 | PSA | 81 | 8 | d1bd | 0 | General Information: | Yahweh reminds the people what he said while they were in the desert. | ||
3085 | PSA | 81 | 8 | nrg3 | 0 | for I will warn you | “because I am giving you a warning” | ||
3086 | PSA | 81 | 8 | eir9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Israel | Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israelites” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3087 | PSA | 81 | 8 | p48d | 0 | if you would only listen to me! | “how I wish you would listen to me” or “but you must start listening to me!” | ||
3088 | PSA | 81 | 10 | pl1b | figs-metaphor | 0 | Open your mouth wide, and I will fill it | God taking care of all the needs of the people is spoken of as if he were a mother bird feeding her baby birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3089 | PSA | 81 | 11 | e2fa | 0 | General Information: | Now Yahweh tells what actually happened after he warned the people. | ||
3090 | PSA | 81 | 11 | h3st | 0 | to my words | “to what I said” or “to me” | ||
3091 | PSA | 81 | 12 | h3uc | figs-metaphor | 0 | So I gave them over to their own stubborn way | God allowing the people to remain stubborn is spoken of as if God were giving them over to an enemy to let the enemy harm them. Alternate translation: “Therefore, I let them be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3092 | PSA | 81 | 13 | ttu3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | oh, that my people would walk in my paths | God wanting the people to obey him is spoken of as if he wanted the people to walk on his paths or roads. Alternate translation: “I wish that they would obey my laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3093 | PSA | 81 | 14 | ex41 | figs-metonymy | 0 | turn my hand against | Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “I would destroy” or “I would defeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3094 | PSA | 81 | 15 | xkc3 | figs-123person | 0 | who hate Yahweh…before him | Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “who hate me…before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
3095 | PSA | 81 | 15 | yp2m | 0 | cringe in fear | “bow down in fear” or “fall down in fear” | ||
3096 | PSA | 81 | 15 | pck7 | figs-activepassive | 0 | May they be humiliated forever | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I would humiliate them forever” or “I will punish them forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3097 | PSA | 81 | 16 | q9k3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I would feed Israel with the finest wheat | God causing the best wheat to grow in Israel is spoken of as if he would literally feed the wheat to the people. Alternate translation: “I would allow the Israelites to eat the finest wheat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3098 | PSA | 81 | 16 | ix1f | 0 | feed Israel…satisfy you | Both “Israel” and “you” refer to the Israelites. | ||
3099 | PSA | 81 | 16 | vv42 | figs-explicit | 0 | honey out of the rock | This refers to wild honey. Bees would build hives in the holes in rocks and make the honey there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3100 | PSA | 82 | intro | a4le | 0 | Psalm 082 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 82 is a psalm of judgment against the leaders of the other nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) Special concepts in this chapterFavoritismThe leaders of the nations need to protect the poor and needy and not to favor the evil rich people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Important figures of speech in this chapterMetonymyThe leaders of the nations are represented by their gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) | |||
3101 | PSA | 82 | 1 | why9 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3102 | PSA | 82 | 1 | c9rs | 0 | the divine assembly | “the heavenly council” or “the meeting in heaven” | ||
3103 | PSA | 82 | 1 | xb2b | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | he renders judgment | “he gives judgment.” The abstract noun “judgment” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3104 | PSA | 82 | 1 | x4p7 | 0 | the gods | Possible meanings are (1) these are other spiritual beings who dwell in heaven. Alternate translation: “the divine beings” or “the heavenly judges” or (2) these are human judges that God has appointed. Either way, it does not mean they are gods like Yahweh is god. It means God has given them great power and authority. Alternate translation: “the rulers” | ||
3105 | PSA | 82 | 2 | h4lp | figs-rquestion | 0 | How long will you judge unjustly and show favoritism to the wicked? | Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the gods for not judging people fairly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3106 | PSA | 82 | 3 | k9hy | figs-nominaladj | 0 | poor…fatherless…afflicted…destitute | These words are nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “those who are poor…those who are fatherless…those who are afflicted…those who are destitute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
3107 | PSA | 82 | 3 | a8r9 | 0 | maintain the rights of the | “do what is right for the” | ||
3108 | PSA | 82 | 4 | f1ay | figs-nominaladj | 0 | poor…needy…wicked | These are all nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “those who are poor…those who are needy…those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
3109 | PSA | 82 | 4 | x9up | figs-metonymy | 0 | take them out of the hand of the wicked | Here the word “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “stop the wicked people from harming them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3110 | PSA | 82 | 5 | c2bz | 0 | They neither | Possible meanings are (1) “they” refers to the gods or (2) “they” refers to the wicked people. | ||
3111 | PSA | 82 | 5 | ar42 | figs-metaphor | 0 | they wander around in the darkness | Doing what is evil is spoken of as if they were walking in a very dark place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3112 | PSA | 82 | 5 | r4ui | figs-metaphor | 0 | all the foundations of the earth crumble | The gods corrupting the moral order that Yahweh established is spoken of as if the gods were shaking the earth and making it fall apart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3113 | PSA | 82 | 5 | l1x8 | 0 | crumble | fall apart | ||
3114 | PSA | 82 | 6 | ie8b | 0 | You are gods, and all of you sons of the Most High | Here “gods” refers to the same group as in Psalms 82:1. Whether this refers to spiritual beings or human beings, they are not gods like Yahweh is God, and they are not literally his sons. By calling them “gods” and “sons of the Most High,” Yahweh is acknowledging that he has given them great power and authority. | ||
3115 | PSA | 82 | 6 | nch3 | figs-123person | 0 | sons of the Most High | Yahweh is speaking about himself as “the Most High.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
3116 | PSA | 82 | 7 | b7ra | 0 | Nevertheless you | “However you” | ||
3117 | PSA | 82 | 7 | h2cu | figs-idiom | 0 | and fall | This is a way of speaking of a person dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3118 | PSA | 82 | 8 | rpl1 | 0 | General Information: | The writer is speaking again. | ||
3119 | PSA | 82 | 8 | acl5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | judge the earth | Here “earth” represents the people. Alternate translation: “judge the people of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3120 | PSA | 82 | 8 | lz8v | figs-metaphor | 0 | for you have an inheritance in all the nations | “for all the nations are your inheritance.” Yahweh taking all the people as his own and ruling over them is spoken of as if the nations were a possession that he inherited. Alternate translation: “for you rule over all the people of every nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3121 | PSA | 82 | 8 | j3wm | figs-metonymy | 0 | all the nations | Here “nations” represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3122 | PSA | 83 | intro | kij7 | 0 | Psalm 083 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 83 is a deliverance psalm. It is a prayer for deliverance from the many nations allied against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterDestructionGod should destroy these enemy nations like he destroyed Israel’s enemies during the time of the Judges. | |||
3123 | PSA | 83 | 1 | iiq7 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3124 | PSA | 83 | 1 | c7u9 | 0 | remain unmoved | “do nothing to help us” | ||
3125 | PSA | 83 | 2 | rq2g | 0 | Look, your enemies are making a commotion | Here “making a commotion” means they are rioting and rebelling. Alternate translation: “Look, your enemies are rebelling against you” | ||
3126 | PSA | 83 | 2 | bzq3 | figs-idiom | 0 | those who hate you have raised their heads | The phrase “raised their heads” is way of saying they are rebelling against God. Alternate translation: “those who hate you are defying you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3127 | PSA | 83 | 3 | h1c2 | 0 | your protected ones | “those whom you protect.” This refers to the Israelites. | ||
3128 | PSA | 83 | 4 | fk1e | figs-metonymy | 0 | the name of Israel will no longer be remembered | Here “name” represents a reputation or the memory of someone. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever remember the Israelites existed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3129 | PSA | 83 | 5 | ygx6 | 0 | They schemed together with one strategy | “Your enemies have agreed together with one plan” | ||
3130 | PSA | 83 | 5 | nn8v | 0 | they made an alliance against you | “they have joined together against you” | ||
3131 | PSA | 83 | 6 | gj4d | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues to list the people groups who want to destroy Israel. | ||
3132 | PSA | 83 | 6 | nv9e | figs-metonymy | 0 | the tents of Edom | This refers to the people of Edom who lived in tents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3133 | PSA | 83 | 6 | mn94 | translate-names | 0 | Hagrites | This is the name of a people group that lived on the east side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3134 | PSA | 83 | 7 | sfe5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Gebal, Ammon, Amalek…Philistia | These all represent the people of each area or tribe. Alternate translation: “the people of Gebal, the Ammonites, the Amalekites…the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3135 | PSA | 83 | 7 | t9lx | translate-names | 0 | Gebal | This is the name of a region south of the Dead Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3136 | PSA | 83 | 8 | fx46 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Assyria | This represents the people of Assyria. Alternate translation: “the people of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3137 | PSA | 83 | 8 | h5ji | figs-metonymy | 0 | they have become an arm for the descendants of Lot | Here “arm” is a metonym that represents “help.” Alternate translation: “they have become a help for the descendants of Lot” or “they are helping the descendants of Lot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3138 | PSA | 83 | 8 | tdc2 | figs-explicit | 0 | the descendants of Lot | This refers to the people of the nations of Moab and Ammon. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3139 | PSA | 83 | 9 | urp2 | figs-explicit | 0 | Do to them as you did to Midian…Sisera and to Jabin | The writer is asking God to defeat Israel’s enemies as he has done in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3140 | PSA | 83 | 9 | htz5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | did to Midian | Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “did to the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3141 | PSA | 83 | 9 | ic8x | translate-names | 0 | Sisera…Jabin | These are names of men. Jabin was king of Hazor. Sisera was the commander of Jabin’s army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3142 | PSA | 83 | 9 | ed1d | translate-names | 0 | Kishon River | This is the name of a river in northern Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3143 | PSA | 83 | 10 | m286 | translate-names | 0 | Endor | This is the name of a town in northern Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3144 | PSA | 83 | 10 | brp3 | figs-simile | 0 | became like manure for the earth | This means the bodies of Sisera and Jabin were not buried but were left to rot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3145 | PSA | 83 | 11 | pes3 | figs-explicit | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues to remind God of other enemies he has defeated for Israel in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3146 | PSA | 83 | 11 | d9z1 | translate-names | 0 | Oreb…Zeeb…Zebah…Zalmunna | These are all names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3147 | PSA | 83 | 12 | iu21 | 0 | They said | Here “They” refers to Oreb, Zeeb, Zebah and Zalmunna. | ||
3148 | PSA | 83 | 12 | umg2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the pastures of God | This speaks about the land of Israel as if it were land for sheep to graze and God were the shepherd watching over it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3149 | PSA | 83 | 13 | uun3 | figs-simile | 0 | General Information: | The writer uses similes to describe God’s total destruction of Israel’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3150 | PSA | 83 | 13 | f5ey | figs-simile | 0 | make them like the whirling dust, like chaff before the wind | Both statements speak of God destroying his enemies as if he were a strong wind easily blowing them away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3151 | PSA | 83 | 14 | j9u1 | figs-simile | 0 | like the fire that burns the forest, and like the flame that sets the mountains on fire | Both statements speak of God’s punishment as if it were a fire, and the enemies of God are things that burn in the fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3152 | PSA | 83 | 15 | ax1z | figs-simile | 0 | Chase them with your strong wind, and terrify them with your windstorm | Both statements ask God to destroy the enemies with storms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3153 | PSA | 83 | 16 | c54c | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Fill their faces with shame | Here “faces” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Make them very ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3154 | PSA | 83 | 16 | q834 | figs-metonymy | 0 | they might seek your name | Here “name” represents God’s power. God’s enemies acknowledging that God is powerful is spoken of as if they are seeking to find Yahweh. Alternate translation: “they might acknowledge that you are powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3155 | PSA | 83 | 16 | rq63 | 0 | seek your name | Possible meanings are (1) God’s enemies admit that God is powerful or (2) God’s enemies are asking God for help or (3) God’s enemies start to worship and obey him. | ||
3156 | PSA | 83 | 17 | q6j1 | figs-activepassive | 0 | May they be put to shame and be terrified forever | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make them ashamed and terrified forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3157 | PSA | 83 | 17 | l9px | 0 | may they perish in disgrace | “may they die while they are ashamed” | ||
3158 | PSA | 83 | 18 | y45v | 0 | Then they will know | This can also be stated as the writer making a request to God. Alternate translation: “Cause them to know” | ||
3159 | PSA | 83 | 18 | tw1g | figs-metaphor | 0 | are the Most High over all the earth | God ruling over everything in the earth is spoken of as if he were elevated higher than everything else. Alternate translation: “are supreme, and you rule all things on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3160 | PSA | 84 | intro | mf13 | 0 | Psalm 084 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 84 is a worship psalm. Special concepts in this chapterObedienceGod blesses all who want to obey him. Praising God in his temple is better than anything else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) Similarity to Psalm 42-43There are many similarities between these psalms and some scholars suggest they were written by the same people. | |||
3161 | PSA | 84 | 1 | mkj6 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3162 | PSA | 84 | 1 | wu9e | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
3163 | PSA | 84 | 1 | yxs9 | 0 | set to the Gittith | This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 8:1. | ||
3164 | PSA | 84 | 1 | yte3 | 0 | How lovely | “How beautiful” | ||
3165 | PSA | 84 | 2 | ueb8 | 0 | I long for the courts of Yahweh | “I really want to be in the courts of Yahweh” | ||
3166 | PSA | 84 | 2 | fp2u | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the courts of Yahweh | Here “courts” represent the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3167 | PSA | 84 | 2 | dw38 | 0 | my desire for it has made me exhausted | “my desire has exhausted me” or “I am tired because I want it so much” | ||
3168 | PSA | 84 | 2 | jf7p | figs-synecdoche | 0 | My heart and all of my being call out | Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I call out with all of my being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3169 | PSA | 84 | 2 | ctf7 | 0 | the living God | This means God is living and he also has the power to cause other things to live. | ||
3170 | PSA | 84 | 3 | c9d8 | translate-unknown | 0 | sparrow…swallow | These are types of birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
3171 | PSA | 84 | 3 | y2c8 | 0 | found her a house | “found her a home” or “made her a home” | ||
3172 | PSA | 84 | 3 | pqi7 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | the swallow a nest | Here the words “has found” or “has made” are understood. Alternate translation: “the swallow has found a nest” or “the swallow has made a nest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3173 | PSA | 84 | 3 | xwe2 | 0 | where she may lay her young | “where she may lay her eggs and care for her babies” | ||
3174 | PSA | 84 | 4 | c9r1 | 0 | they who live in your house | Possible meanings are (1) “they” refers to the priests who permanently serve at the temple or (2) “they” refers to people in general who come and worship at the temple. | ||
3175 | PSA | 84 | 4 | rs8w | 0 | praise you continually | “keep praising you again and again” | ||
3176 | PSA | 84 | 5 | nkn2 | figs-genericnoun | 0 | Blessed is the man | Here “man” refers to people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) | |
3177 | PSA | 84 | 5 | pd3t | figs-metaphor | 0 | whose strength is in you | God is spoken of as if strength was actually found in him. Alternate translation: “whom you strengthen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3178 | PSA | 84 | 5 | kb9x | figs-metaphor | 0 | in whose heart are the highways up to Zion | This expression is about heart-felt desire. Alternate translation: “Who love to go up to Zion” or “Who earnestly wish go up to Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3179 | PSA | 84 | 5 | lwg6 | 0 | highways | roads built higher than the surrounding ground | ||
3180 | PSA | 84 | 5 | spb2 | 0 | up to Zion | The temple was in Jerusalem on the top of the highest hill, called Mount Zion. | ||
3181 | PSA | 84 | 6 | jep9 | 0 | the Valley of Tears | This refers to a dry, arid place. Some Bible versions have “the Valley of Baca.” The word “Baca” means “weeping.” | ||
3182 | PSA | 84 | 6 | p6ml | 0 | The early rains | This means the rain that falls in autumn before the cold season. This is during the months of October and November on Western calendars. | ||
3183 | PSA | 84 | 6 | hln3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | blessings | Here the word “blessings” is a metonym for the pools of water that make people who live in dry lands happy. Alternate translation: “pools of water that make them happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3184 | PSA | 84 | 7 | w1gb | figs-idiom | 0 | They go from strength to strength | This is a way of saying they get stronger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3185 | PSA | 84 | 7 | jnf4 | 0 | They go | Here “They” refers to those who strongly desire to go to the temple to worship God. | ||
3186 | PSA | 84 | 9 | jrd6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | God, watch over our shield | The king who protects his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. Alternate translation: “God, watch over our king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3187 | PSA | 84 | 10 | r2ll | figs-ellipsis | 0 | For one day in your courts is better than a thousand elsewhere | This can be stated with the understood information. Alternate translation: “I would rather be in your courts for one day than to be somewhere else for a thousand days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3188 | PSA | 84 | 10 | k1rk | translate-numbers | 0 | a thousand | “1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
3189 | PSA | 84 | 10 | ih7r | 0 | be a doorkeeper | “be a guard at the door” or “stand at the door” | ||
3190 | PSA | 84 | 10 | rz91 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
3191 | PSA | 84 | 11 | d9l1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | For Yahweh God is our sun and shield | Yahweh who guides and protects his people is spoken of as if he were the sun and a shield. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh God guides us like the light from the sun, and he protects us like a shield” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3192 | PSA | 84 | 11 | ge8a | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Yahweh will give grace and glory | The abstract nouns “grace” and “glory” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be kind to us and honor us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3193 | PSA | 84 | 11 | tv3q | 0 | who walk in integrity | The way a person conducts their lives or behaves is spoken of as if the person were walking. Alternate translation: “who live honestly” or “who are honest” | ||
3194 | PSA | 84 | 12 | tfi5 | figs-genericnoun | 0 | blessed is the man | Here “man” means people in general. Alternate translation: “blessed are those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) | |
3195 | PSA | 85 | intro | vtd4 | 0 | Psalm 085 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 85 is a worship psalm. Special concepts in this chapterBlessingsGod has given so many blessings. If the people stop their sinning, then the land will be filled by the glory of God and his blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) Group PrayerNote how this psalm uses the plural to show that it is a group praying. | |||
3196 | PSA | 85 | 1 | d8a7 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3197 | PSA | 85 | 1 | h493 | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
3198 | PSA | 85 | 1 | iym4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | you have showed favor to your land | Here “land” represents the nation and people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3199 | PSA | 85 | 1 | p2e2 | 0 | well-being | This refers to a person being happy, healthy and prosperous. | ||
3200 | PSA | 85 | 1 | hjx5 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | of Jacob | Here “Jacob” represents Jacob’s descendents, the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3201 | PSA | 85 | 2 | bm36 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you have covered all their sin | Here sin that is forgiven is spoken of as if it were covered so that it can not be seen. Alternate translation: “you have deliberately forgotten their sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3202 | PSA | 85 | 2 | zdx5 | 0 | their sin | This writer thought of himself as belonging to God’s people. Alternate translation: “our sin” | ||
3203 | PSA | 85 | 3 | n2va | figs-metaphor | 0 | You have withdrawn all your wrath | God no longer punishing the Israelites is spoken of as if wrath were an object that Yahweh could take away from the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3204 | PSA | 85 | 3 | eh2w | figs-metaphor | 0 | you have turned back from your hot anger | God no longer being angry with the Israelites is spoken of as if anger were a fire that God from which God turned away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3205 | PSA | 85 | 4 | r347 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | God of our salvation | The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “God who saves us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3206 | PSA | 85 | 4 | u4ty | figs-metaphor | 0 | let go of your displeasure with us | Asking God to stop being angry with the Israelites is spoken of as if displeasure were an object the writer wants God to let go of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3207 | PSA | 85 | 5 | b6ih | figs-rquestion | 0 | Will you be angry with us forever? Will you remain angry throughout future generations? | The writer uses these questions to emphasize that he is requesting God to stop being angry with them. These rhetorical questions can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please do not stay angry at us forever.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3208 | PSA | 85 | 6 | fc4x | figs-rquestion | 0 | Will you not revive us again? | The writer uses a question to emphasize his request to God to make the people of Israel prosper and happy again. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please make us prosper again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3209 | PSA | 85 | 7 | am5x | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Show us your covenant faithfulness | If the sentence is rearranged, the ideas in the abstract noun “covenant faithfulness” can be expressed with the phrase “faithful to your covenant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3210 | PSA | 85 | 7 | u94q | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | grant us your salvation | This is how the writer wants God to show his faithfulness to his people. If the sentence is rearranged, the ideas in the abstract noun “salvation” can be expressed with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “and save us” or “by saving us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3211 | PSA | 85 | 8 | f1q2 | 0 | make peace with his people | “have a peaceful relationship with his people” or “bring peace to his people” | ||
3212 | PSA | 85 | 8 | mt5f | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yet they must not turn again to foolish ways | A person changing the way he behaves is spoken of as if he were physically turning to a different direction. Alternate translation: “Yet they must not start doing foolish things again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3213 | PSA | 85 | 9 | q85w | figs-metaphor | 0 | Surely his salvation is near to those | God being ready to save someone is spoken of as if salvation were an object that God has placed near someone. Alternate translation: “Surely God is ready to save those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3214 | PSA | 85 | 9 | w9na | figs-metonymy | 0 | then glory will remain in our land | Here “glory” represents God’s presence. Alternate translation: “then his glorious presence will remain in our land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3215 | PSA | 85 | 10 | r9mp | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness have met together | The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” are spoken of as if they were persons who meet together. Possible meanings are (1) God has been faithful because of his covenant and has done what he promised to do. Alternate translation: “God has been faithful to his covenant and has proven that he is worthy of people trusting him” or (2) God has been faithful because of his covenant and the people have responded by being faithful to him. Alternate translation: “God has been faithful to his covenant and people have responded by trusting him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3216 | PSA | 85 | 10 | vxd4 | 0 | have met together…have kissed each other | Most likely the speaker is describing a time in the future when God causes the people to prosper again. Alternate translation: “will meet together…will kiss each other” | ||
3217 | PSA | 85 | 10 | ilq2 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | righteousness and peace have kissed each other | Possible meanings are (1) the people will do what is right and God will cause the people to live in peace or (2) God will do what is right and will cause the people to live in peace. Either way righteousness and peace are abstract nouns and are spoken of as if they were persons who kiss each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3218 | PSA | 85 | 10 | pbn4 | 0 | kissed each other | This was a common way for friends to greet each other. | ||
3219 | PSA | 85 | 11 | y3gv | figs-metaphor | 0 | Trustworthiness springs up from the ground | The people on earth being faithful to God is spoken of as if trustworthiness were a plant growing out of the ground. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as “loyal.” Alternate translation: “Here on earth, we will be loyal to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3220 | PSA | 85 | 11 | uw31 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | righteousness looks down from the sky | The word “righteousness” is an abstract noun, and it is spoken of as a person looking down as God does. Alternate translation: “God will look on us from heaven and will act justly towards us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3221 | PSA | 85 | 13 | bxa8 | figs-personification | 0 | Righteousness will go before him and make a way for his footsteps | God doing what is right everywhere he goes is spoken of as if righteousness were a person who goes ahead of God and prepares a path for God to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3222 | PSA | 85 | 13 | b458 | figs-metonymy | 0 | his footsteps | Here “footsteps” represents where God walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3223 | PSA | 86 | intro | yms3 | 0 | Psalm 086 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 86 is a deliverance psalm. He is praying for deliverance from his many enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s helpGod has blessed the psalmist and is so loving to him. He has been one of God’s servants. Now he needs God to save him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) | |||
3224 | PSA | 86 | 1 | ss24 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3225 | PSA | 86 | 1 | j7gt | 0 | poor and needy | “weak and needy” | ||
3226 | PSA | 86 | 2 | b1gx | figs-123person | 0 | save your servant | David refers to himself as “your servant,” that is, God’s servant. Alternate translation: “save me, your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
3227 | PSA | 86 | 3 | xel4 | figs-hyperbole | 0 | all day long | This is an exaggeration. David cries out continually, but not literally at all times from dawn to dusk. Alternate translation: “continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
3228 | PSA | 86 | 4 | fc6p | figs-123person | 0 | Make your servant glad | David refers to himself as “your servant,” that is, God’s servant. Alternate translation: “Make me, your servant” or “Make me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
3229 | PSA | 86 | 7 | mlm4 | 0 | In the day of my trouble | “During my times of difficulty” | ||
3230 | PSA | 86 | 7 | xp82 | 0 | I call on you | “I pray to you” | ||
3231 | PSA | 86 | 8 | ey46 | figs-explicit | 0 | among the gods | The writer is not acknowledging these other gods exist. He is referring to false gods that people from other nations worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3232 | PSA | 86 | 9 | nvl8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | All the nations | Here “the nations” represent the people. Alternate translation: “The people from all nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3233 | PSA | 86 | 9 | hb9u | figs-metonymy | 0 | They will honor your name | Here “name” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “They will honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3234 | PSA | 86 | 10 | ide9 | 0 | wonderful things | “very good things that amaze me” | ||
3235 | PSA | 86 | 10 | qsw4 | 0 | you only are God | “you are the only God” | ||
3236 | PSA | 86 | 11 | sa8a | figs-metaphor | 0 | Teach me your ways, Yahweh. Then I will walk in your truth | A person who obeys what God wants is spoken of as if he were walking on God’s way or road. Alternate translation: “Teach me your truth, Yahweh. Then I will obey what you say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3237 | PSA | 86 | 11 | up7s | figs-metonymy | 0 | Unite my heart to reverence you | Here “heart” represents a person’s thoughts, emotions, and motives. Asking God to cause a person to respect him completely is spoken of as if the person’s heart were in many pieces and that God unites them together. Alternate translation: “Cause me to respect you sincerely with all my heart” or “Cause me to respect you sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3238 | PSA | 86 | 12 | ln3t | figs-metonymy | 0 | I will praise you with my whole heart | Here “heart” represents a person’s thoughts, emotions, and motives. Alternate translation: “I will praise you completely and sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3239 | PSA | 86 | 12 | r58p | figs-metonymy | 0 | I will glorify your name | Here “name” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will glorify you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3240 | PSA | 86 | 13 | pa7h | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | For great is your covenant faithfulness toward me | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “For you are very faithful to me because of your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3241 | PSA | 86 | 13 | m9g3 | 0 | you have rescued my life from the depths of Sheol | This does not mean God brought him back to life after he died. It means God saved him when he was about to die. | ||
3242 | PSA | 86 | 14 | dx52 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the arrogant | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “arrogant people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
3243 | PSA | 86 | 14 | ih3b | 0 | have risen up against me | “are coming together to harm me” | ||
3244 | PSA | 86 | 14 | tb73 | figs-idiom | 0 | seek my life | This is a way of saying they want to kill him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3245 | PSA | 86 | 15 | l91z | figs-metaphor | 0 | and abundant in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness | God constantly being faithful and trustworthy is spoken of as if faithfulness and trustworthiness were objects of which God has a large quantity. The two abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “always faithful to your covenant and very worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3246 | PSA | 86 | 16 | rlz9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Turn toward me | Asking God to consider him is spoken of as if he wanted God to turn and look at him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3247 | PSA | 86 | 16 | ha4f | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | give your strength to your servant | The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “strengthen your servant” or “make your servant strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3248 | PSA | 86 | 16 | r4fq | figs-123person | 0 | your servant…the son of your servant woman | The writer is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
3249 | PSA | 86 | 17 | ja63 | figs-activepassive | 0 | be put to shame | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3250 | PSA | 87 | intro | l8z3 | 0 | Psalm 087 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 87 is a psalm about Jerusalem. Special concepts in this chapterPridePeople will be proud to have been born in Jerusalem. Psalms about JerusalemPsalm 46, 48, and 76 are part of a group of psalms that celebrate Jerusalem. | |||
3251 | PSA | 87 | 1 | pr6p | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3252 | PSA | 87 | 2 | mz5w | figs-synecdoche | 0 | gates of Zion | Here “gates of Zion” represents the entire city of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “city of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3253 | PSA | 87 | 2 | tah3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | all the tents of Jacob | The people lived in tents while they wandered in the desert. Here the writer uses “tents of Jacob” to represent where the Israelites live now. Alternate translation: “any of the other dwelling places of the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3254 | PSA | 87 | 3 | hrr7 | figs-apostrophe | 0 | Glorious things are said of you, city of God | The writer speaks to the city of Jerusalem as if it were listening to him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You people in Jerusalem, other people say wonderful things about your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3255 | PSA | 87 | 4 | mkk9 | 0 | I mention | “I tell about.” Here “I” refers to Yahweh. | ||
3256 | PSA | 87 | 4 | x63j | figs-metonymy | 0 | Rahab and Babylon | Here “Rahab” is a poetic way of referring to Egypt. Both “Rahab” and “Babylon” represent the people. Alternate translation: “the people of Egypt and Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3257 | PSA | 87 | 4 | x7tc | 0 | to my followers | “to those who worship me” | ||
3258 | PSA | 87 | 4 | qzf2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | This one was born there | “This one” refers to the people from the nations that the writer mentions. Although they were not physically born in Zion, those who follow God are natives of Jerusalem spiritually. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3259 | PSA | 87 | 5 | uer3 | figs-activepassive | 0 | Of Zion it will be said | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will say about Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3260 | PSA | 87 | 5 | bqs5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Each of these was born in her | People from other nations that worship Yahweh are spoken of as if they were born in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “It is as though all of these people were born in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3261 | PSA | 87 | 5 | qxn4 | 0 | in her | It was common to refer to cities as “her.” Alternate translation: “in Jerusalem” or “in Zion” | ||
3262 | PSA | 87 | 5 | zdf6 | figs-rpronouns | 0 | the Most High himself | The writer uses the reflexive pronoun “himself” to emphasize that it is the Most High who is doing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) | |
3263 | PSA | 87 | 5 | mx5t | 0 | will establish her | “will make Jerusalem strong” | ||
3264 | PSA | 87 | 6 | p3jr | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh writes in the census book of the nations | Yahweh acknowledging that the people from other nations belong to him is spoken of as if he were a king writing down the names of the people who live in his city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3265 | PSA | 87 | 6 | wgv4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | This one was born there | “This one” refers to the people from the nations that the writer mentions. Although they were not physically born in Zion, those who follow God are natives of Jerusalem spiritually. See how you translated this in Psalms 87:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3266 | PSA | 87 | 7 | q7a8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | All my fountains are in you | Jerusalem being a place where people receive all their blessings is spoken of as if Jerusalem were a spring that provided water to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3267 | PSA | 88 | intro | w2mk | 0 | Psalm 088 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 88 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterAbandonEver since he was a child, the psalmist has been sick, and now all his friends have abandoned him. If he dies he cannot testify about God’s healing. | |||
3268 | PSA | 88 | 1 | vi6i | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3269 | PSA | 88 | 1 | d8eg | 0 | A song, a psalm of the sons of Korah | “This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote” | ||
3270 | PSA | 88 | 1 | qm8l | 0 | for the chief musician | “this is for the director of music to use in worship” | ||
3271 | PSA | 88 | 1 | f9te | translate-transliterate | 0 | set to the Mahalath Leannoth style | This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) | |
3272 | PSA | 88 | 1 | i9mw | 0 | A maschil | This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1. | ||
3273 | PSA | 88 | 1 | l37h | translate-names | 0 | Heman | This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3274 | PSA | 88 | 1 | w1cg | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | God of my salvation | The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “you are the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3275 | PSA | 88 | 1 | hj2g | figs-merism | 0 | day and night | The writer uses these words with opposite meanings to say that he cries out continually. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
3276 | PSA | 88 | 3 | j9c1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | For I am filled with troubles | The writer speaks of himself as if he were a container and troubles are the contents that fill the container. Alternate translation: “For I am very troubled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3277 | PSA | 88 | 3 | tee7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | my life has reached Sheol | Here “life” represents the writer. And “Sheol” represents death. The writer speaks about himself possibly dying soon as if Sheol were a place and he has arrived at that place. Alternate translation: “I am about to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3278 | PSA | 88 | 4 | xl1m | figs-metonymy | 0 | People treat me like those who go down into the pit | The word “pit” means the same as “Sheol.” The phrase “go down into the pit” represents dying. Alternate translation: “people treat me like I have already died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3279 | PSA | 88 | 5 | yvx8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I am abandoned among the dead | People treating the writer as if he were already dead is spoken of as if he were a corpse that they left unburied. Alternate translation: I am left alone as if I were dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3280 | PSA | 88 | 5 | yw6f | figs-simile | 0 | I am like the dead who lie in the grave | The writer feeling like people and God have abandoned him speaks about himself as if he were already a dead person lying in a grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3281 | PSA | 88 | 5 | hf3g | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the dead who lie | The nominal adjective “the dead” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “a dead person who lies” or “dead people who lie” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
3282 | PSA | 88 | 5 | khp3 | 0 | about whom you care no more | “who no longer receive your care” or “people you have stopped caring about” | ||
3283 | PSA | 88 | 5 | wf13 | figs-metaphor | 0 | they are cut off from your power | God no longer using his power to help dead people is spoken of as if God literally cut him off or removed him from his power. Alternate translation: “you no longer use your power to help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3284 | PSA | 88 | 6 | z7j5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | You place me in the lowest part of the pit, in the dark and deep places | The writer feeling like God has abandoned him speaks about himself as if God has put the him in the deepest and darkest grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3285 | PSA | 88 | 7 | b6u3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Your wrath lies heavy on me | This speaks about God being very angry with the writer as if God’s wrath were a heavy object lying on top of the writer. Alternate translation: “I feel your great anger” or “I feel how very angry you are with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3286 | PSA | 88 | 7 | te8c | figs-metaphor | 0 | all your waves crash over me | This speaks about God being very angry with the writer as if God’s anger were large waves rising up from the sea then landing on the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3287 | PSA | 88 | 8 | vss9 | 0 | my acquaintances | “those who know me” | ||
3288 | PSA | 88 | 8 | vb5j | 0 | You have made me a shocking sight to them | “You have made me a disgusting sight to them” or “Because of you, they are shocked when they see me” | ||
3289 | PSA | 88 | 8 | ezj9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I am hemmed in | The writer’s physical condition that makes him repulsive to his friends is spoken of as if he were in closed into a confining space. Alternate translation: “It is as though I were in a prison” or “I am trapped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3290 | PSA | 88 | 9 | k5hb | figs-metonymy | 0 | My eyes grow weary from trouble | Here “eyes” represents a person’s ability to see. For his eyes to grow weary from trouble is a way of saying that he his troubles cause him to cry so much that it is hard for him to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3291 | PSA | 88 | 9 | af1k | translate-symaction | 0 | I spread out my hands to you | “I lift up my hands to you.” This is an action that shows that he totally depends on God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
3292 | PSA | 88 | 10 | q775 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Will you do wonders for the dead? | The writer uses a question to emphasize that if God lets him die then God will no longer be able to do wonderful things for him. Alternate translation: “You do not do wonders for dead people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3293 | PSA | 88 | 10 | nv8l | figs-rquestion | 0 | Will those who have died rise and praise you? | The writer uses a question to emphasize that if God lets him die then he will not be able to praise God any longer. Alternate translation: “You know that those who have died will not stand up and praise you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3294 | PSA | 88 | 11 | a7rt | figs-parallelism | 0 | Will your covenant faithfulness be proclaimed in the grave, your loyalty in the place of the dead? | Both questions mean the same thing. The writer uses questions to emphasize that a dead person is not able to praise God’s faithfulness. The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “loyalty” can be translated as adjectives. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Nobody will proclaim your covenant faithfulness or loyalty from the grave.” or “Nobody will proclaim from the grave that you are faithful to your covenant and loyal to your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3295 | PSA | 88 | 11 | pt2z | 0 | the grave…the place of the dead | These represent the place where people go after they die. | ||
3296 | PSA | 88 | 11 | vbv3 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | your loyalty in the place of the dead? | This can be translated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Will your loyalty be proclaimed in the place of the dead?” or “Those who are dead will not proclaim your loyalty.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3297 | PSA | 88 | 12 | ec9z | 0 | in the darkness…the place of forgetfulness | These represent the place where people go after they die. | ||
3298 | PSA | 88 | 12 | lf46 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Will your wonderful deeds be known in the darkness, or your righteousness in the place of forgetfulness? | Both questions mean the same thing. The writer uses questions to emphasize that those who are dead are not able to experience or proclaim the great things God does. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will not talk about your wonderful deeds and righteousness in the dark place of the forgotten dead.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3299 | PSA | 88 | 12 | u1h9 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | or your righteousness in the place of forgetfulness? | This can be translated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Will your righteousness be known in the place of forgetfulness?” or “Those who are in the place of forgetfulness will not know about the righteous things you do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3300 | PSA | 88 | 13 | tle5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | my prayer comes before you | The writer praying to Yahweh is spoken of as if the prayer itself goes to speak with Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3301 | PSA | 88 | 14 | wg44 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Why do you hide your face from me? | This speaks of the writer feeling like God has rejected or abandoned him as if God were hiding his face or physically turning away from the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3302 | PSA | 88 | 16 | q3hi | figs-metaphor | 0 | Your angry actions have passed over me | This speaks of God punishing the writer as if God’s actions are a large wave rising out of the sea that fall on and crush the writer. Alternate translation: “It is as if your angry actions crush me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3303 | PSA | 88 | 16 | e9zd | figs-hyperbole | 0 | your terrifying deeds have annihilated me | This exaggeration speaks about God punishing the writer as if God has completely destroyed the writer. Alternate translation: “the terrifying things you do have destroyed me” or “the terrifying things you do have almost destroyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
3304 | PSA | 88 | 17 | z4t8 | figs-simile | 0 | They surround me like water all the day long | The writer compares God’s “angry actions” and “terrifying deeds” to a flood of water. Alternate translation: “All day long they threaten to destroy me like a flood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3305 | PSA | 88 | 17 | e9s9 | 0 | They | The word “They” refers to God’s “angry actions” and “terrifying deeds” from the previous verse. | ||
3306 | PSA | 88 | 17 | qva9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | they have all encircled me | The writer speaks of God’s “angry actions” and “terrifying deeds” as if they were enemies who were trying to capture and kill him. Alternate translation: “they have surrounded me like enemy soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3307 | PSA | 88 | 18 | x6gd | 0 | every friend and acquaintance | “every person I love and know” | ||
3308 | PSA | 88 | 18 | pnc1 | figs-personification | 0 | My only acquaintance is the darkness | This speaks about darkness as if it were a person that could be friends with someone else. The writer is emphasizing that he feels completely alone. Alternate translation: “Everywhere I go it is dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3309 | PSA | 89 | intro | aw17 | 0 | Psalm 089 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 89 is a worship and a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s promisesGod is mighty and has promised David an eternal kingdom. But now that kingdom is being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) ParallelismThis psalm exhibits the kind of parallelism where the second line often emphasizes the first line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |||
3310 | PSA | 89 | 1 | knd1 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3311 | PSA | 89 | 1 | mu2k | 0 | A maschil | This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1. | ||
3312 | PSA | 89 | 1 | dqe7 | translate-names | 0 | Ethan | This is the name of the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3313 | PSA | 89 | 1 | sv5i | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | acts of covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “faithful acts” or “loving acts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3314 | PSA | 89 | 2 | pbm7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Covenant faithfulness has been established forever | God always doing what he promised to do is spoken of as if his faithfulness were a building that God has built and made firm. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will always be faithful because of your covenant with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3315 | PSA | 89 | 2 | hn1i | figs-metaphor | 0 | your truthfulness you have established in the heavens | God always doing what he promised to do is spoken of as if his faithfulness were a building that God has built and made firm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3316 | PSA | 89 | 2 | l9ik | 0 | in the heavens | Possible meanings are (1) this refers to God’s dwelling place. This would mean God rules from heaven and he always does what he promises or (2) this refers to the sky. This would mean that God’s promises are as constant and permanent as the sky . | ||
3317 | PSA | 89 | 3 | d13j | figs-explicit | 0 | I have made a covenant with my chosen one | You can make explicit that “chosen one” refers to David. Alternate translation: “I made a promise to David, the one I chose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3318 | PSA | 89 | 3 | y54c | 0 | I have made | Yahweh is speaking in 89:3-4. | ||
3319 | PSA | 89 | 4 | yr1g | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will establish your descendants forever | Yahweh always causing one of David’s descendants to be king is spoken of as if David’s descendants are a building that Yahweh will build and make firm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3320 | PSA | 89 | 4 | p2z4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | I will establish your throne through all generations | Here “throne” represents the power to rule as king. The psalmist speaks of God promising that one of David’s descendants will always rule as king as if God will build David’s throne and make it firm. Alternate translation: “I will make sure that one of your descendants will rule as king over every generation of my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3321 | PSA | 89 | 5 | m81y | figs-metonymy | 0 | The heavens praise | Here “heavens” represents those who are in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3322 | PSA | 89 | 5 | e553 | 0 | praise your wonders, Yahweh | “praise you, Yahweh, because of the wonderful things you do” | ||
3323 | PSA | 89 | 5 | gs3g | figs-activepassive | 0 | your truthfulness is praised in the assembly of the holy ones | The abstract noun “truthfulness” can be stated as “you always do what you promise to do.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The assembly of the holy ones praises you because you always do what you promise to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3324 | PSA | 89 | 5 | g9qz | 0 | the assembly of the holy ones | This refers to the angels in heaven. | ||
3325 | PSA | 89 | 6 | c358 | figs-parallelism | 0 | For who in the skies can be compared to Yahweh? Who among the sons of the gods is like Yahweh? | Both questions mean the same thing. The writer is using question to emphasize that there in no one in heaven like Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3326 | PSA | 89 | 6 | vj1k | figs-idiom | 0 | sons of the gods | Here “sons of” means having the characteristics of. This is a way of referring to other spiritual beings that live in heaven. Alternate translation: “angels” or “divine beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3327 | PSA | 89 | 7 | rgy8 | figs-activepassive | 0 | He is a God who is greatly honored in the council of the holy ones | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The council of the holy ones greatly honors God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3328 | PSA | 89 | 7 | vtz8 | 0 | the council of the holy ones | “the gathering of heavenly beings” or “the gathering of angels” | ||
3329 | PSA | 89 | 8 | cs88 | figs-rquestion | 0 | who is strong like you, Yahweh? | The writer asks the question to emphasize there is no one as strong as Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3330 | PSA | 89 | 8 | niz2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Your truthfulness surrounds you | Yahweh always dong what he promises to do is spoken of as if his truthfulness were a cloak or garment that wraps around him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3331 | PSA | 89 | 9 | t34l | 0 | You rule the raging sea | “You control the raging sea” | ||
3332 | PSA | 89 | 10 | q99x | figs-explicit | 0 | You crushed Rahab as one who is killed | The word “Rahab” here refers to a monster of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3333 | PSA | 89 | 10 | uhp9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | with your strong arm | Here “arm” represents power. Alternate translation: “with your great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3334 | PSA | 89 | 12 | di8b | figs-merism | 0 | the north and the south | The writer uses the words “north” and “south” together to mean that God created everything everywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
3335 | PSA | 89 | 12 | y2hj | figs-personification | 0 | Tabor and Hermon rejoice in your name | Tabor is a mountain southwest of the sea of Galilee and Hermon is a mountain northeast of the sea of Galilee. The writer describes these mountains as if they were persons who could rejoice. Alternate translation: “It is as if Mount Tabor and Mount Hermon were rejoicing in your name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3336 | PSA | 89 | 12 | b76n | figs-metonymy | 0 | in your name | Here “name” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3337 | PSA | 89 | 13 | j9ue | figs-metonymy | 0 | You have a mighty arm and a strong hand, and your right hand is high | The words “mighty arm,” “strong hand,” and “right hand” all represent God’s power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3338 | PSA | 89 | 13 | ldw5 | translate-symaction | 0 | right hand is high | To raise the right hand high into the air is a gesture that indicates power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
3339 | PSA | 89 | 14 | hyu5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Righteousness and justice are the foundation of your throne | God ruling as king and doing what is right and just is spoken of as if God’s throne were a building, and righteousness and justice were its foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3340 | PSA | 89 | 14 | w4d5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | your throne | The throne represents God’s rule as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3341 | PSA | 89 | 14 | x3in | figs-metaphor | 0 | Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness come before you | God always being faithful and doing what he promises to do is spoken of as if covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness come and meet with God. The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “You are always faithful to your covenant and are worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3342 | PSA | 89 | 15 | a8ms | figs-explicit | 0 | who worship you | Here the word “worship” implies shouting and blowing horns. These were common acts of worship during Israelite festivals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3343 | PSA | 89 | 15 | p2gi | figs-metaphor | 0 | they walk | Here people living their lives is spoken of as if they were walking. Alternate translation: “they live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3344 | PSA | 89 | 15 | v1rr | figs-metaphor | 0 | in the light of your face | The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. Alternate translation: “knowing that you act favorably towards them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3345 | PSA | 89 | 16 | j2hd | figs-metonymy | 0 | in your name | Here “name” represents the person. Alternate translation: “in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3346 | PSA | 89 | 16 | uz6z | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | in your righteousness they exalt you | The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “they exalt you because you always do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3347 | PSA | 89 | 17 | f1h8 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | You are their majestic strength | The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “You make them wonderfully strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3348 | PSA | 89 | 17 | w9hu | figs-explicit | 0 | You are their | Here “their” refers to the Israelites. The writer would have included himself as a member of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “You are our” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3349 | PSA | 89 | 17 | t45a | figs-exclusive | 0 | we are victorious | Here “we” refers to the writer and the Israelites but not to Yahweh, to whom he speaks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
3350 | PSA | 89 | 18 | nu6c | figs-metaphor | 0 | For our shield belongs to Yahweh | The king who protects his people and whom Yahweh chose is spoken of as if he were a shield that belongs to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3351 | PSA | 89 | 19 | e2wr | figs-explicit | 0 | General Information: | The writer assumes that the reader knows the history of how David became the chosen king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3352 | PSA | 89 | 19 | erw7 | translate-symaction | 0 | I have set a crown on a mighty one | To place a crown on a person’s head is a sign of making him king. Alternate translation: “I have made a mighty man king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
3353 | PSA | 89 | 19 | fxq4 | 0 | set a crown on a mighty one | Some Bible translations have “given strength to a mighty one” or “helped a mighty one.” | ||
3354 | PSA | 89 | 19 | ss27 | figs-idiom | 0 | I have raised up one chosen from among the people | Here “raised up” means appointed. It is implied that God chose this person to be king. Alternate translation: “I have chosen one from among the people to be king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3355 | PSA | 89 | 20 | nkd2 | translate-symaction | 0 | with my holy oil have I anointed him | Here to pour oil on someone’s head is a sign that God is appointing the person to be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
3356 | PSA | 89 | 21 | u6uc | figs-metonymy | 0 | My hand will support him; my arm will strengthen him | Here “hand” and “arm” both means the power and control of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will support him and make him strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3357 | PSA | 89 | 22 | h3tn | figs-metonymy | 0 | son of wickedness | The writer refers to those who have the nature or character of wickedness as “sons of wickedness.” Alternate translation: “wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3358 | PSA | 89 | 24 | x8f4 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Yahweh continues speaking about David. | ||
3359 | PSA | 89 | 24 | v3cj | figs-metaphor | 0 | My truth and my covenant faithfulness will be with him | God always being loyal and doing what he promises for David is spoken of as if truth and faithfulness were objects that would be with David. The abstract nouns “truth” and “faithfulness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “I will always be truthful with him and I will always act faithfully towards him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3360 | PSA | 89 | 24 | q652 | figs-metonymy | 0 | by my name he will be victorious | Here “name” represents God’ power. Alternate translation: “I, God, will cause him to be victorious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3361 | PSA | 89 | 25 | k7aa | figs-metonymy | 0 | I will place his hand over the sea and his right hand over the rivers | Here “hand” and “right hand” represent power and authority. Here “the sea” seems to refer to the Mediterranean Sea west of Israel, and “rivers” refers to the Euphrates river in the east. This means David will have authority over everything from the sea to the river. Alternate translation: “I will give him authority over everything from the Mediterranean sea to the Euphrates river” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
3362 | PSA | 89 | 26 | hc3j | figs-quotesinquotes | 0 | He will call out to me, ‘You are my Father, my God, and the rock of my salvation.’ | This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “He will say that I am his Father, his God, and the rock of his salvation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
3363 | PSA | 89 | 26 | ue8t | figs-metaphor | 0 | the rock of my salvation | Yahweh protecting and saving David is spoken of as if Yahweh were a high rock that David could stand on top of for protection from enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3364 | PSA | 89 | 27 | m5u8 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Yahweh continues speaking about David. | ||
3365 | PSA | 89 | 27 | i4nj | figs-metaphor | 0 | I also will place him as my firstborn son | Yahweh giving David special rank and privileges over all other people is spoken of as if David would be Yahweh’s firstborn son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3366 | PSA | 89 | 28 | zs6u | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will extend my covenant faithfulness to him forever | Yahweh speaks of continuing to act faithfully towards David is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness were an object that he extends or makes longer. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: “I will continue to act faithfully towards him forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3367 | PSA | 89 | 29 | nlx7 | figs-simile | 0 | his throne as enduring as the skies above | Someone from David’s family always ruling as king is spoken of as if his throne would last as long as the sky will last. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3368 | PSA | 89 | 29 | k6mi | figs-metonymy | 0 | his throne | Here “throne” represents the power to rule as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3369 | PSA | 89 | 30 | zb7x | 0 | his children | “David’s descendants” | ||
3370 | PSA | 89 | 32 | s8vu | figs-metaphor | 0 | punish their rebellion with a rod | God punishing David’s descendants is spoken of as if he would hit them with a rod. The abstract noun “rebellion” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “punish them for rebelling against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3371 | PSA | 89 | 32 | fq8i | figs-metaphor | 0 | their iniquity with blows | God punishing David’s descendants is spoken of as if God would literally hit them. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “I will punish them because they sinned against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3372 | PSA | 89 | 33 | k75f | figs-litotes | 0 | I will not remove my steadfast love from him or be unfaithful to my promise | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will always love David, and I will do what I promised to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
3373 | PSA | 89 | 34 | m6m3 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the words of my lips | Here “lips” represent the whole mouth and the person speaking. Alternate translation: “what I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3374 | PSA | 89 | 36 | by6y | figs-ellipsis | 0 | his throne as long as the sun before me | The words “will continue” are understood. Alternate translation: “his throne will continue as long as the sun before me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3375 | PSA | 89 | 36 | tm79 | figs-metonymy | 0 | his throne | Here “throne” represents the power to rule as king. God is promising that one of David’s descendants will always be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3376 | PSA | 89 | 36 | w6yh | figs-simile | 0 | as long as the sun before me | God compares David’s rule as king to the sun to emphasize that someone from David’s descendants will always rule as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3377 | PSA | 89 | 37 | mwr5 | figs-activepassive | 0 | It will be established forever | Here “It” stands for David’s throne or power to rule as king. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cause it to last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3378 | PSA | 89 | 37 | je44 | figs-simile | 0 | forever like the moon | God compares David’s rule as king to the moon to emphasize that someone from David’s descendants will always rule as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3379 | PSA | 89 | 37 | gb6v | figs-personification | 0 | the moon, the faithful witness in the sky | The moon is spoken of as if it were a person who witnesses God making this promise to David. Alternate translation: “the moon, which is like a faithful witness in the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3380 | PSA | 89 | 38 | exj7 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | you have refused and rejected | The words “the king” are understood. Alternate translation: “you have refused and rejected the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3381 | PSA | 89 | 38 | qnj2 | 0 | with your anointed king | “with the king you chose” | ||
3382 | PSA | 89 | 39 | c1wc | 0 | You have renounced the covenant | “You have rejected the covenant” | ||
3383 | PSA | 89 | 39 | prp1 | translate-symaction | 0 | You have desecrated his crown on the ground | To push down into the ground or dust is a sign of great humiliation. Alternate translation: “You have defiled his crown on the ground” or “You have caused his crown to fall into the dirt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
3384 | PSA | 89 | 39 | tbi4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | his crown | This represents the king’s power as king and his right to rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3385 | PSA | 89 | 40 | lz6r | figs-explicit | 0 | You have broken down all his walls. You have ruined his strongholds | This implies that God allowed enemies to destroy the defenses at Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You have allowed enemies to break down his walls and ruin his strongholds in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3386 | PSA | 89 | 41 | ed5r | 0 | to his neighbors | Here “neighbors” means people of nearby nations. | ||
3387 | PSA | 89 | 42 | i7mp | figs-metonymy | 0 | raised the right hand of his enemies | Here “right hand” represents power. To “raise the right hand” means that Yahweh has made his enemies strong enough to defeat God’s chosen king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
3388 | PSA | 89 | 43 | g8dt | figs-metonymy | 0 | turn back the edge of his sword | Here “sword” represents the king’s power in battle. To turn the sword back represents making the king unable to win in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3389 | PSA | 89 | 43 | c3fd | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the edge of his sword | Here “edge” represents the whole sword. Alternate translation: “his sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3390 | PSA | 89 | 43 | w77q | figs-metonymy | 0 | have not made him stand when in battle | Here “stand” represents being victorious in battle. Alternate translation: “You have not helped him to be victorious in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3391 | PSA | 89 | 44 | g7kf | figs-metonymy | 0 | you have brought down his throne to the ground | Here “throne” represents the power to rule as king. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, have ended his reign as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3392 | PSA | 89 | 45 | hg97 | figs-idiom | 0 | You have shortened the days of his youth | This is a way of saying God made the king seem old even while he was still young. Alternate translation: “Even while he is young you have made him weak like an old man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3393 | PSA | 89 | 45 | b231 | figs-metaphor | 0 | covered him with shame | Yahweh completely humiliating the king is spoken of as if shame were a garment that God used to cover the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3394 | PSA | 89 | 46 | r3l1 | figs-rquestion | 0 | How long, Yahweh? Will you hide yourself, forever? | The writer uses these questions to emphasize that he does not want God to continue to refuse the king. Alternate translation: “Please, Yahweh, do not refuse to help the king forever.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3395 | PSA | 89 | 46 | mu5e | figs-metaphor | 0 | Will you hide yourself | God not helping the king is spoken of as if God were hiding from him. Alternate translation: “Will you refuse to help the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3396 | PSA | 89 | 46 | q873 | figs-rquestion | 0 | How long will your anger burn like fire? | The writer uses a question to emphasize that he does not want God to remain angry. Alternate translation: “Please do not continue being angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3397 | PSA | 89 | 46 | y4fv | figs-simile | 0 | your anger burn like fire | God being very angry is spoken of as if his anger were a hot fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3398 | PSA | 89 | 47 | ajl2 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | for what uselessness you have created all the children of mankind | The abstract noun “uselessness” can be stated as “uselessly.” Alternate translation: “that you have created all people to die uselessly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3399 | PSA | 89 | 47 | fe7m | figs-gendernotations | 0 | the children of mankind | This refers to humans in general. Alternate translation: “humans” or “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) | |
3400 | PSA | 89 | 48 | er51 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Who can live and not die, or rescue his own life from the hand of Sheol? | The writer uses these questions to emphasize that all people will die. Alternate translation: “No one can live forever or bring himself back to life after dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3401 | PSA | 89 | 48 | gg9s | figs-metonymy | 0 | rescue his own life from the hand of Sheol | Here “hand” refers to power. The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. Possible meanings are (1) a person cannot bring himself back to life after dying or (2) a person cannot keep himself from dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3402 | PSA | 89 | 49 | hvz7 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Lord, where are your former acts of covenant faithfulness that you swore to David in your truthfulness? | The writer uses a question to request the Lord to be faithful to his covenant with David. Alternate translation: “Lord, be faithful to your covenant with David as you have been in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3403 | PSA | 89 | 49 | b6dc | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | your former acts of covenant faithfulness | The abstract nouns “acts” and “faithfulness” can be translated with a verb and an adverb. Alternate translation: “the things that you did before that showed that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3404 | PSA | 89 | 50 | v1jl | figs-idiom | 0 | Call to mind | The writer asks Yahweh to bring this up in his memory. Alternate translation: “Remember” or “Consider” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3405 | PSA | 89 | 50 | r6c3 | 0 | the mocking directed against your servants | Here “your servants” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “how they mock us, your servants” | ||
3406 | PSA | 89 | 50 | iq2x | figs-metonymy | 0 | how I bear in my heart so many insults from the nations | Here “heart” represents the person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I endure so many insults from the people of the nations” or “I suffer because the people from the nations insult me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3407 | PSA | 89 | 50 | rn7t | figs-metonymy | 0 | from the nations | Here “nations” represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3408 | PSA | 89 | 51 | fjd4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Your enemies hurl insults | The enemies shouting insults at the king is spoken of as if insults were an object that the enemies throw violently at the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3409 | PSA | 89 | 51 | vq6j | figs-metonymy | 0 | they mock the footsteps of your anointed one | Here “footsteps” represents where the king goes. Alternate translation: “they mock your anointed one wherever he goes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3410 | PSA | 89 | 52 | hvn5 | 0 | General Information: | This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 3 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 73 and ends with Psalm 89. | ||
3411 | PSA | 89 | 52 | fig1 | figs-activepassive | 0 | Blessed be Yahweh forever | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May people praise Yahweh forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3412 | PSA | 89 | 52 | h8fn | 0 | Amen and Amen | The word “Amen” is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. See how you translated this in Psalms 41:13. | ||
3413 | PSA | 90 | intro | gmu6 | 0 | Psalm 090 General NotesType of psalmPsalm is a wisdom psalm. God is eternal but a human’s life is short. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) Special concepts in this chapterLife’s shortnessBecause life is so short, people need to spend it as God wants them to spend it. | |||
3414 | PSA | 90 | 1 | jue7 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3415 | PSA | 90 | 1 | n3vq | figs-metaphor | 0 | Lord, you have been our refuge | God protecting his people is spoken of as if God were a refuge or shelter. Alternate translation: “Lord, you have been like a shelter for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3416 | PSA | 90 | 1 | ykl6 | 0 | throughout all generations | “always” | ||
3417 | PSA | 90 | 2 | i1f4 | figs-activepassive | 0 | Before the mountains were formed | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Before you formed the mountains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3418 | PSA | 90 | 2 | b7ju | 0 | were formed | “were created” or “were shaped” | ||
3419 | PSA | 90 | 2 | mz45 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the world | This represents everything that is in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3420 | PSA | 90 | 2 | x21e | 0 | from everlasting to everlasting | This phrase represents all time past, present, and future. | ||
3421 | PSA | 90 | 3 | spk9 | figs-explicit | 0 | You return man to dust | This implies that just as God created the first man, Adam, from the soil, God will cause people’s bodies to turn back into soil after they die. Alternate translation: “You return people to dust when they die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3422 | PSA | 90 | 3 | yjk2 | figs-gendernotations | 0 | return man | Here “man” means people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) | |
3423 | PSA | 90 | 3 | j396 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | Return, you descendants | The words “to dust” or “to soil” are understood. Alternate translation: “Return to dust, you descendants” or “Return to soil, you descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3424 | PSA | 90 | 3 | ijh1 | figs-idiom | 0 | you descendants of mankind | This is a way of referring to humans in general. Alternate translation: “you humans” or “you people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3425 | PSA | 90 | 4 | zt2t | figs-simile | 0 | For a thousand years in your sight are as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night | The writer means that a long period of time seems like a short period of time to God. Alternate translation: “You consider a thousand years the same as one day in the past, or as a few short hours in the night” or “Even a thousand years is not a long time to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3426 | PSA | 90 | 4 | b3xf | translate-numbers | 0 | a thousand years | “1,000 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
3427 | PSA | 90 | 4 | qd6k | figs-metaphor | 0 | in your sight | Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3428 | PSA | 90 | 5 | prp6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | You sweep them away as with a flood and they sleep | God causing people to die suddenly is spoken of as if he swept them away with a broom. This sweeping is also spoken of as if it were a flood that carried people away. Alternate translation: “Lord, you destroy the people as with a flood and they die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3429 | PSA | 90 | 5 | wws1 | figs-euphemism | 0 | they sleep | This is a polite way of speaking of people dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
3430 | PSA | 90 | 6 | k25r | figs-doublet | 0 | it blooms and grows up | Both of these phrases refer to how the grass grows. Alternate translation: “it begins to grow and develop” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
3431 | PSA | 90 | 6 | udh3 | figs-doublet | 0 | it withers and dries up | Both of these phrases refer to how the grass dies. Alternate translation: “it fades and dries up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
3432 | PSA | 90 | 7 | vhb5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | we are consumed in your anger | God destroying people in his anger is spoken of as if God’s anger were a fire that completely burns up the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You destroy us in your anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3433 | PSA | 90 | 7 | qp5h | 0 | in your wrath we are terrified | “when you are angry we are greatly afraid” | ||
3434 | PSA | 90 | 8 | fbk1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | You have set our iniquities before you, our hidden sins in the light of your presence | God considering people’s sins is spoken of as if sins were an objects he could place in front of himself and look at them. Alternate translation: “You see every sinful thing we do, even the sinful things we do in secret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3435 | PSA | 90 | 9 | tw9c | grammar-connect-words-phrases | 0 | Our life passes away under your wrath | The word “because” can be used to make clear that God’s wrath causes human life to end. Alternate translation: “Our lives come to an end because of your wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) | |
3436 | PSA | 90 | 9 | z6eu | figs-simile | 0 | like a sigh | The writer compares human life to a sigh to emphasize that life is very brief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3437 | PSA | 90 | 10 | bb7z | translate-numbers | 0 | seventy | “70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
3438 | PSA | 90 | 10 | f12z | translate-numbers | 0 | eighty | “80” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
3439 | PSA | 90 | 10 | ydb3 | figs-activepassive | 0 | even our best years are marked by trouble and sorrow | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Even in our best years we experience trouble and sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3440 | PSA | 90 | 10 | cun8 | figs-euphemism | 0 | we fly away | This is a polite way of referring to people dying. Alternate translation: “we die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
3441 | PSA | 90 | 11 | xl7b | figs-rquestion | 0 | Who knows the intensity of your anger, and your wrath that is equal to the fear of you? | The writer uses a question to emphasize that no one has fully experienced God anger. Therefore no one truly reveres God and fears his anger when people sin. Alternate translation: “No one knows the intensity of your anger. Therefore no one fears your wrath when they sin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3442 | PSA | 90 | 13 | lcn8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Turn back, Yahweh! How long will it be? | Asking Yahweh to no longer be angry is spoken of as if the writer wants God to turn physically away from his anger. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, please do not be angry any longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3443 | PSA | 90 | 13 | e9p1 | figs-rquestion | 0 | How long will it be? | The writer uses a question to state that he wants God to stop being angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3444 | PSA | 90 | 13 | zs74 | 0 | Have pity on your servants | Here “your servants” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Be merciful to us, your servants” | ||
3445 | PSA | 90 | 14 | p6kf | 0 | Satisfy us in the morning | “Satisfy us every morning” | ||
3446 | PSA | 90 | 14 | k6eg | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | with your covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “by being faithful because of your covenant with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3447 | PSA | 90 | 15 | z79l | figs-parallelism | 0 | in proportion to the days you afflicted us and to the years we have experienced trouble | Both of these phrases mean the same thing. The writer is asking Yahweh to make them happy for the same amount of time he punished them. Alternate translation: “for the same amount of time that you afflicted us and caused us to suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3448 | PSA | 90 | 16 | tb62 | figs-explicit | 0 | Let your servants | Here “your servants” refer to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Let us, your servants” or “Let us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3449 | PSA | 90 | 16 | g2qt | 0 | let our children | Here “children” means children and descendants. | ||
3450 | PSA | 90 | 16 | sjz5 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | see your majesty | The abstract noun “majesty” can be stated as “great things.” Alternate translation: “see the great things you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3451 | PSA | 90 | 17 | at2j | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | May the favor of the Lord our God be ours | The abstract noun “favor” can be stated as “be kind.” Alternate translation: “May the Lord our God be kind to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3452 | PSA | 90 | 17 | ye67 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | prosper the work of our hands | Here “hands” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “cause us to be successful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3453 | PSA | 91 | intro | ye5h | 0 | Psalm 091 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 91 is a wisdom psalm. Those who depend on God are protected by him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapterFearNo matter what dangers befall a person, they do not need to fear. God is protecting them from all harm. | |||
3454 | PSA | 91 | 1 | xv6f | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3455 | PSA | 91 | 1 | g3bv | figs-metaphor | 0 | He who lives…will stay…of the Almighty | Because “live” and “stay” mean almost the same thing, as do “shelter” and “shadow,” which are both metaphors for protection, you may need to combine the two lines into one. Alternate translation: “The Most High, the Almighty, will care for all those who live where he can protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
3456 | PSA | 91 | 1 | lc6j | figs-metaphor | 0 | who lives in the shelter of the Most High | The word “shelter” is a metaphor for protection. Alternate translation: “who lives where the Most High protects him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3457 | PSA | 91 | 1 | jl84 | 0 | the Most High | The words “the Most High” refer to Yahweh. See how this is translated in Psalms 18:13. | ||
3458 | PSA | 91 | 1 | qi6d | figs-metaphor | 0 | will stay in the shadow of the Almighty | The word “shadow” here is a metaphor for protection. Alternate translation: “will stay where the Almighty can protect him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3459 | PSA | 91 | 1 | jmc8 | 0 | the Almighty | the one who has power and control over everything. See how this was translated in Psalms 68:14 | ||
3460 | PSA | 91 | 2 | kwv7 | 0 | I will say of Yahweh | “I will say about Yahweh” | ||
3461 | PSA | 91 | 2 | d5cu | figs-metaphor | 0 | my refuge and my fortress | A “refuge” is any place a person can go and have someone or something protect him. A “fortress” is something that people make so they can protect themselves and their property. Asaph uses them here as metaphors for protection. Alternate translation: “the one to whom I can go and he will protect me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3462 | PSA | 91 | 3 | ss8i | figs-ellipsis | 0 | For he will rescue you from the snare of the hunter and from the deadly plague | The words that have been left out can be put in. Alternate translation: “For God will rescue you from the snare of the hunter and he will rescue you from the plagues that can kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3463 | PSA | 91 | 3 | laj3 | 0 | the snare of the hunter | “from the snare that the hunter has set to catch you” | ||
3464 | PSA | 91 | 4 | k4cn | figs-metaphor | 0 | He will cover you with his wings, and under his wings you will find refuge | God’s protection is here referred to as “wings” which a bird uses to cover its’ young from danger. “Cover you with his wings” and “under his wings” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “He will keep you safe and protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3465 | PSA | 91 | 4 | j3p2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | His trustworthiness is a shield and protection | God’s trustworthiness is here referred to as a “shield” which can protect people who rely on him. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as “trust.” Alternate translation: “You can trust him to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3466 | PSA | 91 | 4 | f8d9 | 0 | protection | No one knows for sure what this word means. Possible meanings are (1) a small shield strapped to the forearm that soldiers used to defend themselves against arrows and swords or (2) a wall of stones set in a circle inside which soldiers could hide and shoot arrows. | ||
3467 | PSA | 91 | 5 | yp8k | figs-metonymy | 0 | terror in the night | The psalmist speaks of “terror” as if it were a spirit or fierce animal that could attack at night and so terrify people. Alternate translation: “things attacking you at night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3468 | PSA | 91 | 5 | g6en | figs-merism | 0 | in the night…by day | These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
3469 | PSA | 91 | 5 | b8kc | figs-metonymy | 0 | the arrow that flies by day | “Arrow” here is a metonym for the people who shoot the arrows. Alternate translation: “people attacking you with arrows during the day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3470 | PSA | 91 | 6 | c6xg | figs-personification | 0 | or of the plague that roams | The psalmist speaks of illness as if it were a person who went about at night killing other people. Alternate translation: “You will not be afraid of dying from illness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3471 | PSA | 91 | 6 | gba8 | 0 | roams | goes wherever he wants to go at any time | ||
3472 | PSA | 91 | 6 | y6eu | figs-merism | 0 | in the darkness…at noontime | These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
3473 | PSA | 91 | 6 | t9ab | 0 | disease | an illness that makes many people ill at the same time | ||
3474 | PSA | 91 | 7 | c8n1 | 0 | A thousand may fall at your side and ten thousand at your right hand | “Many people may fall all around you.” If translating the exact numbers confuses the readers, you may omit them. | ||
3475 | PSA | 91 | 7 | z1e3 | 0 | it will not reach you | “the evil will not harm you” | ||
3476 | PSA | 91 | 8 | ad8c | 0 | You will only observe and see | “You yourself will not suffer, but you will watch carefully, and you will see” | ||
3477 | PSA | 91 | 8 | dv9f | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the punishment of the wicked | The abstract noun “punishment” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “how God punishes the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3478 | PSA | 91 | 9 | yz6c | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh is my refuge | The writer speaks of Yahweh protecting him as if Yahweh were a safe place for him to find protection from his enemies. Alternate translation: “Yahweh protects me, like a person finds protection in a place of refuge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3479 | PSA | 91 | 9 | k71v | 0 | Make the Most High your refuge also | “You should make the Most High your refuge also.” The psalmist stops speaking to God and speaks to the reader. | ||
3480 | PSA | 91 | 10 | ey4g | figs-metaphor | 0 | No evil will overtake you | The writer speaks of a person experiencing bad or evil things as if evil were a person who overtakes another person. Alternate translation: “Nothing evil will happen to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3481 | PSA | 91 | 10 | emx9 | figs-personification | 0 | no affliction will come near your home | The psalmist speaks of people who afflict others as though they were the harm they cause. Alternate translation: “no one will be able to harm your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3482 | PSA | 91 | 11 | pe5b | 0 | For he will direct | “Yahweh will command” | ||
3483 | PSA | 91 | 11 | gjx8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | in all your ways | The psalmist speaks of the way a person lives his life as if it were a path down which the person walked. Alternate translation: “in everything you do” or “at all times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3484 | PSA | 91 | 12 | v8h1 | 0 | They will lift you | “Yahweh’s angels will lift you” | ||
3485 | PSA | 91 | 12 | dkd1 | figs-hyperbole | 0 | you will not hit your foot on a stone | The angels will protect not only the reader’s foot but the rest of his body as well. The words “not…hit your foot on a stone” is an exaggerated metonym to say that not even small bad things will happen. This should probably not be taken as a promise that no bad things will ever happen again. Alternate translation: “you will not even hit your foot on a stone” or “not even the smallest bad thing will happen to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3486 | PSA | 91 | 13 | bq3y | figs-metaphor | 0 | You will crush lions and adders under your feet; you will trample on young lions and serpents | Where “hit your foot on a stone” is a minor problem, lions and snake are examples of great dangers. The psalmist speaks of lions and snakes as if they were small enough to be crushed under a person’s foot. Alternate translation: “You will be able kill lions and adders as if they were small animals you could crush under your feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3487 | PSA | 91 | 13 | sw74 | 0 | adders | types of poisonous snake. | ||
3488 | PSA | 91 | 13 | qme2 | 0 | trample | crush by walking heavily on | ||
3489 | PSA | 91 | 14 | hzl3 | 0 | Because he is devoted to me | “Because he loves me” | ||
3490 | PSA | 91 | 15 | cwn1 | figs-explicit | 0 | I will be with him in trouble | This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will be with him when he is in trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3491 | PSA | 91 | 15 | am3h | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | I will give him victory | The abstract noun “victory” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will cause him to be victorious” or “I will enable him to defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3492 | PSA | 91 | 16 | jc9f | figs-idiom | 0 | will satisfy him with the length of his days | The idiom “the length of his days” here refers to the duration of his life. It may imply a long life. Alternate translation: “I will satisfy him by giving him a long life” or “I will make him happy by letting him live a very long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3493 | PSA | 91 | 16 | xnz9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | and show him my salvation | “and I will show him my salvation.” The psalmist speaks of the work God does to save people as if it were a physical object. Alternate translation: “I will save him so that he knows I am the one who saved him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3494 | PSA | 92 | intro | cs72 | 0 | Psalm 092 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 92 is a psalm of praise for God’s kindness and faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) Special concepts in this chapterJusticeGod causes evil people to be destroyed and good people to be happy and useful, even after they grow old. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) | |||
3495 | PSA | 92 | 1 | bx9h | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3496 | PSA | 92 | 1 | fur9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | to sing praises to your name | The words “your name” are a metonym for “you.” Alternate translation: “to sing praises to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3497 | PSA | 92 | 2 | b75i | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | proclaim your covenant faithfulness in the morning | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with the adjective “faithful.” Alternate translation: “proclaim in the morning that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3498 | PSA | 92 | 2 | s7d2 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | your truthfulness every night | The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The abstract noun “truthfulness” can be translated with the adjective “true.” Alternate translation: “proclaim every night that everything you say is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3499 | PSA | 92 | 4 | mn13 | 0 | glad | happy | ||
3500 | PSA | 92 | 4 | m1f8 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | through your deeds | The abstract noun phrase “your deeds” can be translated with the relative clause “what you have done.” Alternate translation: “by what you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3501 | PSA | 92 | 4 | if93 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the deeds of your hands | The abstract noun phrase “the deeds of your hands” can be translated with the relative clause “what your hands have done.” The word “hands” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “What you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3502 | PSA | 92 | 4 | ke7g | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | your deeds | The abstract noun phrase “your deeds” can be translated with a relative clause. Alternate translation: “what you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3503 | PSA | 92 | 5 | j4cz | 0 | Your thoughts are very deep | “We cannot understand what you plan to do until you do it” | ||
3504 | PSA | 92 | 5 | syp5 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Your thoughts | The abstract noun phrase “your thoughts” can be translated with a relative clause. Alternate translation: “What you think” or “What you plan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3505 | PSA | 92 | 6 | j8wu | 0 | brutish | animal-like | ||
3506 | PSA | 92 | 7 | a97q | figs-simile | 0 | When the wicked sprout like the grass | This compares evil people to grass, which grows quickly and in many places. Alternate translation: “When evil people appear quickly and seem to be everywhere, like grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3507 | PSA | 92 | 7 | w41d | figs-activepassive | 0 | they are doomed to eternal destruction | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has decided that he will destroy them completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3508 | PSA | 92 | 9 | cb78 | 0 | Indeed, look at your enemies, Yahweh | Many texts do not have these words. | ||
3509 | PSA | 92 | 9 | u85w | 0 | They will perish | “They will die” or “You will kill them” | ||
3510 | PSA | 92 | 9 | dk5v | figs-activepassive | 0 | All those who do evil will be scattered | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will scatter all those who do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3511 | PSA | 92 | 9 | l7k2 | 0 | will be scattered | Many texts read, “have been scattered.” | ||
3512 | PSA | 92 | 9 | g3wa | 0 | be scattered | “driven away” | ||
3513 | PSA | 92 | 10 | e26g | figs-metonymy | 0 | You have lifted up my horn like the horn of the wild ox | The psalmist speaks of God as if he had made him as strong as a wild animal. Here his “horn” represents his strength. Alternate translation: “You have made me as strong as a wild ox” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3514 | PSA | 92 | 10 | gid3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I am anointed with fresh oil | Possible meanings are that the oil that God has put on the psalmist is a metaphor for God (1) making him happy “you have made me very happy” or (2) making him strong, “you have made me strong” or (3) enabling him to defeat his enemies, “you have enabled me to defeat my enemies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3515 | PSA | 92 | 11 | kpw5 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | My eyes have seen the downfall of my enemies; my ears have heard of the doom of my evil foes | The words “eyes” and “ears” are synecdoches for the person who sees and hears. The lines may be combined. Alternate translation: “I have seen and heard of the defeat of my evil enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3516 | PSA | 92 | 12 | q7cc | figs-simile | 0 | The righteous will flourish like the palm tree | Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy palm tree because they will (1) be strong or (2) live for long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3517 | PSA | 92 | 12 | dyq1 | figs-simile | 0 | they will grow like a cedar in Lebanon | Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy cedar tree growing in the land of Lebanon because (1) they will be strong or (2) people will honor them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3518 | PSA | 92 | 13 | lk33 | figs-activepassive | 0 | They are planted | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has planted them” or “Yahweh takes care of them as if they were trees he had planted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3519 | PSA | 92 | 13 | sh46 | figs-metaphor | 0 | in the house of Yahweh…in the courts of our God | The psalmist speaks of people who truly worship God as if they were trees growing in Yahweh’s house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3520 | PSA | 92 | 13 | g7gv | figs-metaphor | 0 | they flourish | The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were healthy trees. Alternate translation: “they are growing well” or “they are very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3521 | PSA | 92 | 13 | rg5j | 0 | in the courts of our God | in the courtyard of the temple in Jerusalem. | ||
3522 | PSA | 92 | 14 | pf43 | figs-metaphor | 0 | They bear fruit | The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were trees that produce food. Alternate translation: “They please God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3523 | PSA | 92 | 14 | m2x1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | they stay fresh and green | The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were trees. Alternate translation: “they remain strong and healthy” or “they always do what pleases God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3524 | PSA | 92 | 15 | sev8 | 0 | to proclaim that | These words continue the thought begun by the words “they stay fresh and green” in (Psalms 92:14). Possible meanings are (1) “they stay fresh and green, so that they can proclaim” or (2) “they stay fresh and green. This shows that.” | ||
3525 | PSA | 92 | 15 | fh1p | figs-metaphor | 0 | He is my rock | “Yahweh is the one who protects me.” The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock that would protect him. See how this is translated in Psalms 18:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3526 | PSA | 93 | intro | r2fh | 0 | Psalm 093 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 93 is a worship psalm about the power of Yahweh. Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s powerYahweh is all powerful; He even controls the ocean. | |||
3527 | PSA | 93 | 1 | gs1h | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3528 | PSA | 93 | 1 | cif2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he is robed in majesty; Yahweh has clothed and girded himself with strength | The psalmist speaks of Yahweh’s strength and majesty as if they were things Yahweh wears. Alternate translation: “he shows everyone that he is a powerful king” or “his majesty is there for all to see, like the robe a king wears; everything about Yahweh shows that he is strong and he is ready to do great work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3529 | PSA | 93 | 1 | g76j | 0 | majesty | the power of a king and the way a king acts | ||
3530 | PSA | 93 | 1 | y5ut | 0 | girded himself | put on a belt—a band of leather or another material that a person wears around his waist—to prepare for work or battle | ||
3531 | PSA | 93 | 1 | nv27 | figs-activepassive | 0 | The world is firmly established | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You have firmly established the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3532 | PSA | 93 | 1 | m76h | figs-activepassive | 0 | it cannot be moved | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever move it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3533 | PSA | 93 | 2 | q45b | figs-activepassive | 0 | Your throne is established from ancient times | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You established your throne in ancient times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3534 | PSA | 93 | 2 | vq1t | 0 | you are from everlasting | “you have always existed” | ||
3535 | PSA | 93 | 3 | u6dq | 0 | oceans…oceans’ | Some versions read “floods…floods’.” The word often refers to a river (See: “the River” in Psalms 72:8), but “oceans…oceans’” has been chosen here because oceans, not rivers, have “waves” that “crash and roar.” | ||
3536 | PSA | 93 | 3 | qkw5 | figs-personification | 0 | have lifted up their voice; the oceans’ waves crash and roar | The psalmist speaks of the ocean as if it were a person who could speak. Alternate translation: “have made a mighty noise because their waves crash and roar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3537 | PSA | 93 | 3 | kli1 | 0 | roar | make a long, loud sound. | ||
3538 | PSA | 93 | 4 | bv4p | figs-doublet | 0 | Above the crashing of many waves, the mighty breakers of the sea | The phrase “the mighty breakers of the sea” means basically the same thing as “many waves” and emphasizes how great these waves are. Alternate translation: “Above the crashing of all of the very great waves of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
3539 | PSA | 93 | 4 | x149 | 0 | breakers | large waves coming to land | ||
3540 | PSA | 93 | 4 | z182 | figs-metaphor | 0 | on high | The psalmist speaks of where God lives as if it were high above the earth. Alternate translation: “in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3541 | PSA | 93 | 5 | g6vn | 0 | solemn | very serious | ||
3542 | PSA | 93 | 5 | s6rb | 0 | are very trustworthy | “always stay the same” or “never change” | ||
3543 | PSA | 93 | 5 | f31y | figs-metaphor | 0 | holiness adorns your house | The psalmist speaks of Yahweh’s house as if it were a woman wearing beautiful clothing or jewelry and of Yahweh’s holiness as the beautiful clothing or jewelry. Alternate translation: “your house is beautiful because you are holy” or “your holiness makes your house beautiful the way beautiful clothes and jewelry make a woman more beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3544 | PSA | 93 | 5 | a9yi | 0 | adorns | makes beautiful | ||
3545 | PSA | 93 | 5 | xku4 | 0 | your house | This refers to the temple in Jerusalem. | ||
3546 | PSA | 93 | 5 | lsy7 | figs-idiom | 0 | for the length of your days | This idiom refers to the duration of God’s life. Since God lives forever, it can also be translated as forever. Alternate translation: “for as long as you live” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3547 | PSA | 94 | intro | afb5 | 0 | Psalm 094 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 94 is a prayer requesting that evil people be punished. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapterJusticeEvil people expect God to ignore their injustices. But God knows what they are doing and will punish them for their evil deeds. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) | |||
3548 | PSA | 94 | 1 | ns8u | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3549 | PSA | 94 | 1 | h3e7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | shine over us | Here “shine” is a metaphor for God revealing himself. Alternate translation: “show yourself” or “reveal your glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3550 | PSA | 94 | 2 | i9f5 | 0 | Rise up, judge of the earth, give to the proud what they deserve | “Come, judge of the earth, and punish the proud” | ||
3551 | PSA | 94 | 2 | sjp9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Rise up | The psalmist speaks of starting to do something as getting up. If your language has a word for beginning to act, use it here. Alternate translation: “Take action” or “Do something” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3552 | PSA | 94 | 3 | dx87 | figs-rquestion | 0 | How long will the wicked, Yahweh, how long will the wicked rejoice? | The psalmist repeats the question to show that he is unhappy with how long Yahweh has allowed the wicked to rejoice. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have waited too long Yahweh; you have waited too long to stop the wicked from rejoicing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3553 | PSA | 94 | 3 | nve7 | figs-explicit | 0 | will the wicked rejoice | Why the wicked rejoice can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “will the wicked rejoice because you never punish them for the evil deeds they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3554 | PSA | 94 | 4 | h71p | 0 | They pour out | “All those who do evil pour out” | ||
3555 | PSA | 94 | 4 | ks4b | figs-metaphor | 0 | They pour out their arrogant words | The psalmist writes of the wicked speaking as if their words were a liquid being poured out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3556 | PSA | 94 | 4 | dri9 | figs-explicit | 0 | all those who do evil boast | The translation can make explicit that these people boast about their evil actions. Alternate translation: “all those who do evil boast about their evil deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3557 | PSA | 94 | 5 | ifj9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | afflict the nation | Here the metonym “nation” refers to the people of the nation. Alternate translation: “afflict the people of the nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3558 | PSA | 94 | 5 | l8he | figs-metaphor | 0 | They crush | The psalmist speaks of powerful people treating powerless people badly as if it were crushing them or breaking them in pieces. See how “break in pieces” is translated in Psalms 72:4. Alternate translation: “They completely destroy” or “They greatly harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3559 | PSA | 94 | 6 | fk7f | 0 | the widow | “women whose husbands have died” | ||
3560 | PSA | 94 | 6 | wei8 | 0 | the fatherless | “children without fathers” | ||
3561 | PSA | 94 | 7 | rs53 | 0 | the God of Jacob does not take notice of it | “the God of Israel does not see what we do” | ||
3562 | PSA | 94 | 8 | iz57 | 0 | General Information: | The writer now instructs the wicked people. | ||
3563 | PSA | 94 | 8 | ybz4 | figs-rquestion | 0 | when will you ever learn? | This rhetorical question emphasizes the anger of the writer with the wicked people he is speaking to. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “stop your foolish ways!” or “learn from your mistakes!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3564 | PSA | 94 | 9 | b851 | figs-rquestion | 0 | He who made the ear, does he not hear? He who formed the eye, does he not see? | These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements or commands. Alternate translation: “God made ears, so he can hear. God made eyes, so he can see.” or “God made ears, so stop acting as if he does not hear. God made eyes, so stop acting as if he does not see.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3565 | PSA | 94 | 10 | p12i | 0 | General Information: | The writer continues instructing the wicked people. | ||
3566 | PSA | 94 | 10 | ig2v | figs-rquestion | 0 | He who disciplines the nations, does he not correct? | This question can be translated as a statement. It is implied that Yahweh corrects his people. Alternate translation: “You know that Yahweh corrects the nations, so you can be sure that he will correct his people!” or “he will punish his people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3567 | PSA | 94 | 10 | ex2w | figs-litotes | 0 | does he not correct | This can be stated in positive form. Possible meanings are (1) God corrects. Alternate translation: “he corrects” or (2) God punishes. “he punishes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
3568 | PSA | 94 | 11 | s3c6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | that they are vapor | Here the thoughts of men are compared to vapor or steam that disappears into the air. This metaphor shows how unimportant and useless they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3569 | PSA | 94 | 11 | z81z | 0 | vapor | “mist.” See how this word is translated in Psalms 39:11 | ||
3570 | PSA | 94 | 12 | dl5m | 0 | General Information: | Now the writer again talks to Yahweh. | ||
3571 | PSA | 94 | 13 | y3g3 | figs-activepassive | 0 | until a pit is dug for the wicked | The psalmist speaks of Yahweh’s punishing the wicked as if Yahweh were trapping an animal in a pit. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until you dig a pit for the wicked” or “until you destroy the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3572 | PSA | 94 | 14 | gwf5 | 0 | his inheritance | “those whom he has chosen to be with him forever” | ||
3573 | PSA | 94 | 15 | m8cb | figs-metonymy | 0 | judgment will again be righteous | The psalmist speaks of those who judge as if they were the decisions they make. The abstract noun “judgment” can be translated with the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “judges will again judge righteously” or “judges will again make righteous decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3574 | PSA | 94 | 15 | l96i | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the upright in heart | The adjective phrase “upright in heart” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “those whose hearts are right with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
3575 | PSA | 94 | 15 | h275 | 0 | will follow it | “will want the judges to judge righteously” | ||
3576 | PSA | 94 | 16 | h7cv | figs-rquestion | 0 | Who will rise up to defend me against the evildoers? Who will stand up for me against the wicked? | This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one will defend me against the evildoers. No one will help me fight against the wicked.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3577 | PSA | 94 | 16 | x3ap | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked | The adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
3578 | PSA | 94 | 17 | pgd7 | figs-hypo | 0 | Unless Yahweh had been my help…silence | This is a hypothetical situation. Yahweh did help him, so he was not lying in the place of silence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) | |
3579 | PSA | 94 | 17 | ecb1 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Unless Yahweh had been my help | The abstract noun “help” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “If Yahweh had not helped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3580 | PSA | 94 | 17 | zjq1 | figs-euphemism | 0 | I would soon be lying down in the place of silence | Here “would be lying down” refers to “death” and “in the place of silence” refers to the grave.” Alternate translation: “in a short time, I would be dead, lying in a silent grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
3581 | PSA | 94 | 18 | gqn7 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, held me up | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “You, Yahweh, held me up because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3582 | PSA | 94 | 19 | f9kp | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | When cares within me are many, your consolations make me happy | The psalmist speaks of care as if he could count separate cares. The abstract noun “consolations” can be translated with the verb “console” or “comfort.” Alternate translation: “When I have been worried about many things, you have comforted me and made me happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3583 | PSA | 94 | 20 | uc2u | figs-rquestion | 0 | Can a throne of destruction be allied with you, one who creates injustice by statute? | This rhetorical question is used to make a point. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “A wicked ruler who makes unjust laws is not your friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3584 | PSA | 94 | 20 | w3hm | figs-metonymy | 0 | a throne of destruction | Here the metonym “throne” refers to a king or ruler. Alternate translation: “a wicked ruler” or “corrupt judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3585 | PSA | 94 | 21 | z1ls | 0 | conspire | secretly plan with a person something harmful or illegal | ||
3586 | PSA | 94 | 21 | rnk5 | figs-idiom | 0 | take the life of | This is an idiom which means to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3587 | PSA | 94 | 22 | k9hg | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh has been my high tower | Here “tower” is a metaphor for protection. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has protected me from my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3588 | PSA | 94 | 22 | r48i | figs-metaphor | 0 | God has been the rock of my refuge | The psalmist speaks of having God protect him as if God were a place where the psalmist could go to be safe. See how “rock” and “refuge” are translated in Psalms 62:7. Alternate translation: “I have asked God to protect me, and he has kept me safe by his power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3589 | PSA | 94 | 23 | fx4p | 0 | will bring on them their own iniquity | Possible meanings are (1) “will do to them the evil things they have done to others” or (2) “will punish them for all the evil things he has done to others.” | ||
3590 | PSA | 94 | 23 | qc5b | figs-idiom | 0 | cut them off | This is an idiom which means “kill them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3591 | PSA | 94 | 23 | i6z5 | 0 | in their own wickedness | Possible meanings are (1) “while they are doing wicked things” or (2) “because they have done wicked things.” | ||
3592 | PSA | 95 | intro | e91f | 0 | Psalm 095 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 95 is the first in a series of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). Special concepts in this chapterGod’s careGod made everything and takes good care of people. People should not be stubborn like the Israelites were in the days of Moses. The Israelites with Moses wandered in the desert for forty years. | |||
3593 | PSA | 95 | 1 | qaf5 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3594 | PSA | 95 | 1 | gv24 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the rock of our salvation | The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were a mountain the people could climb so they would be safe. See how “rock” and “of my salvation” are translated in Psalms 18:46. Alternate translation: “the rock where we can go and God will save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3595 | PSA | 95 | 2 | q5qb | figs-metaphor | 0 | enter his presence | The psalmist speaks as if he is telling the readers to go into the throne room of a king. Alternate translation: “go to where he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3596 | PSA | 95 | 2 | g5i4 | 0 | with thanksgiving | “thanking him as we enter his presence” | ||
3597 | PSA | 95 | 3 | ufc9 | 0 | superior to all gods | Possible meanings are that Yahweh is a great king (1) “who rules over all other gods,” or (2) “who is much better than all gods.” | ||
3598 | PSA | 95 | 4 | j19t | figs-idiom | 0 | In his hand | This is an idiom which means “in his control” or “he is responsible for.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3599 | PSA | 95 | 4 | gf4l | 0 | depths | deep places | ||
3600 | PSA | 95 | 4 | bx51 | 0 | heights | high places | ||
3601 | PSA | 95 | 5 | xy9q | figs-synecdoche | 0 | his hands formed | The word “hands” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “he himself formed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3602 | PSA | 95 | 6 | ab7h | translate-symaction | 0 | kneel | put both knees on the ground, often to show submission (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
3603 | PSA | 95 | 7 | cey6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the people of his pasture | The word “pasture” is a metonym for the food that animals eat in the pasture, which in turn is a synecdoche for everything that Yahweh provides for his people. Alternate translation: “we are the people whose needs he meets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3604 | PSA | 95 | 7 | kr47 | 0 | pasture | an area where animals find grass to eat | ||
3605 | PSA | 95 | 7 | f66d | figs-metaphor | 0 | the sheep of his hand | The word “hand” here refers to how Yahweh protects his people the way a shepherd protects his sheep. Alternate translation: “the people whom he protects like a shepherd protects his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3606 | PSA | 95 | 7 | l8vp | 0 | Today—oh, that you would hear his voice! | “Oh, that you would hear his voice today!” The psalmist purposely interrupts what he is saying. | ||
3607 | PSA | 95 | 7 | qm6r | figs-metonymy | 0 | hear his voice | Here “his voice” represents God speaking or what he says. Alternate translation: “listen to God speak” or “hear what God says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3608 | PSA | 95 | 8 | jf37 | 0 | General Information: | Now the writer writes the words that Yahweh spoke. | ||
3609 | PSA | 95 | 8 | g9zt | 0 | harden your heart | “become stubborn” | ||
3610 | PSA | 95 | 8 | a62x | translate-names | 0 | Meribah,…Massah | These are places in the desert that Moses named because the Israelites rebelled against God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3611 | PSA | 95 | 9 | z4ax | figs-metaphor | 0 | tested me…tried me | These two phrases are both metaphors for the people seeing how much evil they could do before Yahweh would punish them. The phrases say basically the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “tested me” or “wanted to see if they could do evil things without my punishing them…tested whether I would continue to be patient with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
3612 | PSA | 95 | 9 | tdc4 | 0 | my deeds | “the amazing things I had done” | ||
3613 | PSA | 95 | 10 | n2cd | 0 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking directly to his people. | ||
3614 | PSA | 95 | 10 | ms7t | translate-numbers | 0 | forty years | “40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
3615 | PSA | 95 | 10 | mu82 | 0 | that generation | “all of those people” or “that entire generation of people” | ||
3616 | PSA | 95 | 10 | ejg1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | wander astray | God speaks of the people as if they were sheep, which will go wherever they want to and not stay near their shepherd. Alternate translation: “move away from me” or “go their own way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3617 | PSA | 95 | 10 | b41a | figs-metaphor | 0 | they have not known my ways | Yahweh’s commands are spoken of as if they were paths on which the people should walk. The people not obeying Yahweh’s commands is spoken of as if they did not know these paths. Alternate translation: “they have not obeyed my commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3618 | PSA | 95 | 11 | l98t | 0 | my resting place | “the place where I would have allowed them to rest” | ||
3619 | PSA | 96 | intro | hdp3 | 0 | Psalm 096 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 96 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). Special concepts in this chapterYahweh, the kingYahweh is king over all the earth and is worthy of all praise. | |||
3620 | PSA | 96 | 1 | i5dj | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3621 | PSA | 96 | 1 | sm6u | 0 | a new song | a song no one has ever sung before | ||
3622 | PSA | 96 | 1 | mlu3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | all the earth | This refers to the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “all you people who live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3623 | PSA | 96 | 2 | e8ws | figs-metonymy | 0 | bless his name | The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “bless Yahweh” or “do what makes Yahweh happy” See how “may his glorious name be blessed” is translated in Psalms 72:19. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3624 | PSA | 96 | 2 | m2w2 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | announce his salvation | The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated using the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “announce that he has saved us” or “tell people that he is the one who saves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3625 | PSA | 96 | 3 | w4ht | 0 | Declare his glory among the nations | “Tell all the people in every nation about his great glory” | ||
3626 | PSA | 96 | 4 | t9di | figs-activepassive | 0 | Yahweh is great and is to be praised greatly | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is great. Praise him greatly” or “Yahweh is great, and people should praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3627 | PSA | 96 | 4 | lx5h | figs-activepassive | 0 | He is to be feared above all other gods | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Fear him above all other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3628 | PSA | 96 | 6 | x8v4 | 0 | in his presence | “where he is” | ||
3629 | PSA | 96 | 6 | c8fx | figs-personification | 0 | Splendor and majesty are in his presence | The psalmist speaks as if splendor and majesty are people who can stand before a king. Alternate translation: “Everyone knows of his splendor and majesty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3630 | PSA | 96 | 6 | geu8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Strength and beauty are in his sanctuary | The words “strength” and “beauty” are metonyms for the ark of the covenant decrees, which is found in the sanctuary. Alternate translation: “It is his sanctuary that contains the ark of the covenant decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3631 | PSA | 96 | 7 | pq3m | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Ascribe to Yahweh…ascribe praise to Yahweh for his glory and strength | This can be restated to removed the abstract nouns “praise,” “glory,” and “strength.” See how these words are translated in Psalms 29:1. Alternate translation: “Praise Yahweh…praise Yahweh because he is glorious and strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3632 | PSA | 96 | 8 | y25v | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Give to Yahweh the glory that his name deserves | The abstract noun “glory” can be stated as a verb or adjective. See how these words are translated in Psalms 29:2. Alternate translation: “Honor Yahweh just as his name deserves” or “Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3633 | PSA | 96 | 8 | mvb8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | his name deserves | Here “name” refers to the person of God. Alternate translation: “he deserves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3634 | PSA | 96 | 8 | pw15 | 0 | his courts | the temple courtyard where the priests sacrificed animals to Yahweh | ||
3635 | PSA | 96 | 9 | z4rm | figs-explicit | 0 | Bow down to Yahweh | The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. Alternate translation: “Bow down to worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
3636 | PSA | 96 | 9 | hjw3 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | in the splendor of holiness | The abstract nouns “splendor” and “holiness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “because he is gloriously beautiful and holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3637 | PSA | 96 | 9 | pb7y | 0 | tremble | to shake because of fear | ||
3638 | PSA | 96 | 9 | ud6d | figs-metonymy | 0 | all the earth | Here “earth” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3639 | PSA | 96 | 10 | hsr2 | figs-activepassive | 0 | The world also is established | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “He also established the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3640 | PSA | 96 | 10 | yhs7 | figs-activepassive | 0 | it cannot be shaken | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing can shake it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3641 | PSA | 96 | 11 | p26n | figs-personification | 0 | Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice | Possible meanings are (1) the heavens and the earth are spoken of as if they have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the heavens are glad and the earth rejoices” or (2) “the heavens” and “the earth” are metonyms for those who dwell in those places. Alternate translation: “Let those who live in the heavens be glad and let those who live on the earth rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3642 | PSA | 96 | 11 | v2y3 | figs-explicit | 0 | that which fills it shout with joy | The implied information is that this refers to all the creatures living in the sea. They are spoken of as if they should shout with joy like people might do. Alternate translation: “the sea creatures shout joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3643 | PSA | 96 | 12 | ms99 | figs-personification | 0 | Let the fields rejoice and all that is in them | “Let the fields and all that is in them rejoice.” The psalmist speaks as if “the fields” and the animals that live in them have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the fields themselves and all the animals that live in them are rejoicing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3644 | PSA | 96 | 12 | j65h | figs-personification | 0 | let all the trees in the forest shout for joy | This speaks about the trees as if they were people who could shout for joy. Alternate translation: “let it be as if all the trees in the forest shout for joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3645 | PSA | 96 | 13 | gp2k | figs-parallelism | 0 | He is coming to judge the earth. He will judge the world…and the peoples | The three phrase have similar meanings; the last two phases are used to strengthen the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3646 | PSA | 96 | 13 | jp59 | 0 | to judge…will judge | Another possible meaning is “to rule…will rule.” | ||
3647 | PSA | 96 | 13 | yk8h | figs-metonymy | 0 | He will judge the world with righteousness | Here “the world” is a metonym for all the people in the world. See how these words are translated in Psalms 9:8. Alternate translation: “He will judge all the people of the world righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3648 | PSA | 96 | 13 | yn8l | figs-ellipsis | 0 | the peoples with his faithfulness | The words “he will judge” are understood. Alternate translation: “he will judge the peoples with his faithfulness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3649 | PSA | 96 | 13 | z7r2 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | with his faithfulness | The can be restated to remove the abstract noun “faithfulness.” Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “fairly, according to what he knows is true” or (2) Alternate translation: “using the same standard for all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3650 | PSA | 97 | intro | ydx4 | 0 | Psalm 097 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 97 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s authorityAll people who worship idols are disgraced because Yahweh rules over all the world. | |||
3651 | PSA | 97 | 1 | myd1 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3652 | PSA | 97 | 1 | aa9a | figs-personification | 0 | let the earth rejoice; let the many coastlands be glad | The earth and the coastlands are said to have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Rejoice and be glad every person on the earth and near the seas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3653 | PSA | 97 | 1 | n5lw | 0 | coastlands | Possible meanings are (1) “lands near the seas” or (2) “islands.” | ||
3654 | PSA | 97 | 2 | rl3n | 0 | Clouds and darkness surround him | “We cannot see him; it is as if he were sitting in the dark with clouds all around him” | ||
3655 | PSA | 97 | 2 | h2md | figs-metonymy | 0 | Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne | The word “throne” is a metonym for the deeds and words of the one who sits on it. The psalmist speaks as if righteousness and justice were physical objects that made the throne secure. Alternate translation: “He is righteous and just in everything he does” or “He is able to rule because he rules righteously and justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3656 | PSA | 97 | 2 | tat1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the foundation of his throne | Here “the foundation of his throne” refers to how Yahweh rules his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3657 | PSA | 97 | 3 | e96v | figs-personification | 0 | Fire goes before him | The psalmist speaks as if fire were a person walking before King Yahweh and telling people that the king was coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3658 | PSA | 97 | 3 | nz83 | 0 | consumes his adversaries | “burns up his enemies” | ||
3659 | PSA | 97 | 4 | th94 | figs-personification | 0 | the earth sees and trembles | The writer speaks of the earth as if it were a person who sees what Yahweh does and trembles in fear. Alternate translation: “like a person, the earth sees and trembles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3660 | PSA | 97 | 4 | c2ef | 0 | trembles | shakes with fear | ||
3661 | PSA | 97 | 5 | r8fc | figs-simile | 0 | The mountains melt like wax before Yahweh | The writer speaks of the mountains crumbling before Yahweh as if they were wax that was exposed to a fire. Alternate translation: “The mountains are unable to stand as Yahweh comes near” or “The mountains crumble in Yahweh’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3662 | PSA | 97 | 6 | t73s | figs-personification | 0 | The skies declare his justice | Possible meanings are (1) the psalmist speaks as if the skies are Yahweh’s messengers who declare that Yahweh is just. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that God is just, the same way that everyone can see the skies” or (2) the skies refer to the beings that live in the heavens. Alternate translation: “All those who live in heaven declare that Yahweh is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3663 | PSA | 97 | 8 | t6tg | figs-metonymy | 0 | Zion heard…the towns of Judah | This refers to the people who live in these lands. Alternate translation: “The people of Zion heard…the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3664 | PSA | 97 | 9 | fh9w | figs-metaphor | 0 | are most high above all | The psalmist speaks as if those who were strong enough to rule were the physically higher than others. Alternate translation: “rule over all the people who live on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3665 | PSA | 97 | 9 | etq9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | You are exalted far | The psalmist speaks as if those who were strong enough to rule were the physically higher than others. Alternate translation: “You are high, far” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3666 | PSA | 97 | 10 | v6ge | figs-metonymy | 0 | he takes them out of the hand of the wicked | Here the word “hand” represents power. Yahweh rescuing people from the power of wicked people is spoken of as if he took them out of their hands. Alternate translation: “he rescues them from the power of the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3667 | PSA | 97 | 11 | zi9a | figs-parallelism | 0 | Light is sown for…and gladness for | These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sows light for those who do right, and he sows gladness for those with honest hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3668 | PSA | 97 | 11 | c84h | figs-metaphor | 0 | Light is sown for the righteous | The word “sown” is a metaphor for actions with future results. “Light” is a metaphor for good things. Alternate translation: “Yahweh plans for good things to happen to the righteous in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3669 | PSA | 97 | 11 | s7rl | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the righteous | The adjective “righteous” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
3670 | PSA | 97 | 11 | a81f | figs-ellipsis | 0 | gladness for those with honest hearts | The words “is sown” are understood. The word “sown” is a metaphor for actions with future results. The abstract noun “gladness” can be stated as “happy.” Alternate translation: “gladness is sown for those with honest hearts” or “Yahweh plans for people with honest hearts to be happy in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3671 | PSA | 97 | 11 | tqu7 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | those with honest hearts | The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “honest people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3672 | PSA | 97 | 12 | bkn2 | 0 | General Information: | This verse has a command followed by the reason for the command. If your language requires the reason to precede the command: “Because of what Yahweh has done for you, you righteous people, be glad and give thanks when you remember his holiness.” | ||
3673 | PSA | 97 | 12 | h6wc | figs-idiom | 0 | Be glad in Yahweh | This idiom means to be glad because of what Yahweh has done. Alternate translation: “Be glad because of what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3674 | PSA | 97 | 12 | df6i | figs-metonymy | 0 | when you remember his holiness | Possible meanings are (1) “when you remember how holy he is” or (2) “to his holy name,” a metonym for “to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3675 | PSA | 98 | intro | rt9w | 0 | Psalm 098 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 98 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). Special concepts in this chapterPraiseEveryone and every thing should sing praises to Yahweh because he is worthy of all praise. | |||
3676 | PSA | 98 | 1 | p45q | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3677 | PSA | 98 | 1 | p2zl | 0 | a new song | a song no one has ever sung before. See how this is translated in Psalms 96:1. | ||
3678 | PSA | 98 | 1 | diq2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | his right hand and his holy arm have | The words “right hand” and “holy arm” refer to Yahweh’s strength. Together they emphasize how great his strength is. Alternate translation: “his very great power has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
3679 | PSA | 98 | 1 | wsb2 | 0 | right hand | the more powerful and skilled hand | ||
3680 | PSA | 98 | 1 | q78c | figs-metonymy | 0 | holy arm | Here “arm” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “the power that is his alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3681 | PSA | 98 | 1 | q2q6 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | have given him victory | This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “victory.” Alternate translation: “have enabled him to be victorious over his enemies” or “has enabled him to defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3682 | PSA | 98 | 2 | e23q | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | made known his salvation | The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated using the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “showed people that he saves his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3683 | PSA | 98 | 2 | r9rs | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | showed his justice to all the nations | The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the adjective “just.” The word “nations” is a metonym for “the people who live in all the nations.” Alternate translation: “showed the people who live in all the nations that he is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3684 | PSA | 98 | 3 | p5wz | figs-idiom | 0 | calls to mind | “remembers.” See how “call to mind” is translated in Psalms 20:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3685 | PSA | 98 | 3 | k1dm | figs-metonymy | 0 | all the ends of the earth | This is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “people from all over the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3686 | PSA | 98 | 3 | g1bq | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | will see the victory of our God | The abstract noun “victory” can be translated using the verb “defeat.” Alternate translation: “will see our God defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3687 | PSA | 98 | 4 | qdk5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | all the earth | This is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “all people in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3688 | PSA | 98 | 4 | l8fc | 0 | burst into song | “suddenly begin singing happily” | ||
3689 | PSA | 98 | 4 | p9j9 | 0 | sing for joy | “sing because you are happy” | ||
3690 | PSA | 98 | 4 | si76 | 0 | sing praises | “sing praises to God” | ||
3691 | PSA | 98 | 5 | mn38 | 0 | melodious | delightful or pleasing musical sound | ||
3692 | PSA | 98 | 6 | q5hb | 0 | the horn | an animal horn used as a musical instrument | ||
3693 | PSA | 98 | 6 | ulk2 | 0 | make a joyful noise | “raise a shout.” See how “shout” is translated in Psalms 47:1. | ||
3694 | PSA | 98 | 7 | cyl7 | figs-personification | 0 | Let the sea shout and everything in it | The psalmist speaks as if the sea were a person who could shout to God. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the sea and everything in it were shouting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3695 | PSA | 98 | 7 | gsp5 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | the world and those who live in it | The psalmist speaks as if the world were a person. Alternate translation: “and let it be as if the world and those who live in it were shouting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3696 | PSA | 98 | 7 | wcf2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the world | This is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: “the people in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3697 | PSA | 98 | 8 | t1an | figs-personification | 0 | Let the rivers clap their hands, and let the mountains shout for joy | The psalmist speaks as if the rivers and mountains were people who could clap and shout. Alternate translation: “Let it be as though the rivers are clapping their hands and mountains were shouting for joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3698 | PSA | 98 | 9 | r45f | figs-ellipsis | 0 | the nations with fairness | The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he will judge the nations with fairness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3699 | PSA | 98 | 9 | qd66 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the nations | This is a metonym for “the people who live in the nations.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3700 | PSA | 98 | 9 | lp38 | 0 | with fairness | “honestly” or “using the same standard for everyone” | ||
3701 | PSA | 99 | intro | wma5 | 0 | Psalm 099 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 99 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s justiceGod is just and fair. Moses, Aaron and Samuel each prayed to him and obeyed him and he answered their prayers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) | |||
3702 | PSA | 99 | 1 | k3aw | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3703 | PSA | 99 | 1 | gp6t | figs-metonymy | 0 | the nations | This refers to the people of all nations. Alternate translation: “the people of all nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3704 | PSA | 99 | 1 | mf5d | 0 | tremble | shake with fear | ||
3705 | PSA | 99 | 1 | rm8y | figs-explicit | 0 | He sits enthroned above the cherubim | You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate translation: “He sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3706 | PSA | 99 | 1 | i5p3 | 0 | quakes | shakes | ||
3707 | PSA | 99 | 2 | w3l7 | 0 | Yahweh is great in Zion; he is exalted above all the nations | “Not only is Yahweh great in Zion, he is exalted above all the nations” or “Not only does Yahweh rule in Zion, he rules over all the nations” | ||
3708 | PSA | 99 | 2 | e9l4 | figs-activepassive | 0 | he is exalted above all the nations | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people in all the nations exalt him” or “people in all nations praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3709 | PSA | 99 | 3 | r44j | 0 | Let them praise your great and awesome name | Here the author shifts from speaking about God, to speaking to God. After this phrase though, he shifts back to speaking about God. | ||
3710 | PSA | 99 | 4 | c51t | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | he loves justice | The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the phrase “what is just.” Alternate translation: “he loves doing what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3711 | PSA | 99 | 4 | f41e | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | You have established fairness | The abstract noun “fairness” is a metonym for the laws that are fair. Alternate translation: “The laws you have established are fair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3712 | PSA | 99 | 5 | j6yj | figs-explicit | 0 | worship at his footstool | Here the word “footstool” likely refers to the ark of the covenant, which the biblical writers often spoke of as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. The translation can make explicit that the people are to worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “worship Yahweh at his footstool” or “worship Yahweh before his throne in the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3713 | PSA | 99 | 7 | cv85 | 0 | solemn | important, given seriously | ||
3714 | PSA | 99 | 8 | v1qa | 0 | You answered them | “You answered your people” | ||
3715 | PSA | 99 | 9 | lw8c | 0 | his holy hill | “Mount Zion” | ||
3716 | PSA | 100 | intro | n9yp | 0 | Psalm 100 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 100 is the last of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s care for his creationGod made mankind and takes good care of people. | |||
3717 | PSA | 100 | 1 | m9ga | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3718 | PSA | 100 | 1 | xue7 | 0 | Shout joyfully to Yahweh | “Raise a shout to Yahweh.” See how “shout” is translated in Psalms 47:1. | ||
3719 | PSA | 100 | 1 | szl7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | all the earth | This refers to all the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “everyone on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3720 | PSA | 100 | 2 | kub7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | come before his presence | The psalmist speaks as if he is telling the readers to go into the throne room of a king. Alternate translation: “go to where he is with joyful singing” or “he can hear you, so sing joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3721 | PSA | 100 | 3 | uxa7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the sheep of his pasture | God’s people are like his sheep. Alternate translation: “the people God provides for and protects” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3722 | PSA | 100 | 3 | z4at | 0 | pasture | a grassy area for feeding animals | ||
3723 | PSA | 100 | 4 | tb64 | 0 | with thanksgiving | “while thanking him” or “while giving thanks to him” | ||
3724 | PSA | 100 | 4 | zt85 | figs-metonymy | 0 | bless his name | The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “bless Yahweh” or “do what makes Yahweh happy” See how “may his glorious name be blessed” is translated in Psalms 72:19. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3725 | PSA | 100 | 5 | qn11 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | his covenant faithfulness endures forever | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he is faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3726 | PSA | 100 | 5 | e52y | figs-ellipsis | 0 | his truthfulness through all generations | The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The abstract noun “truthfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “his truthfulness endures through all generations” or “he is truthful through all generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3727 | PSA | 100 | 5 | nly8 | 0 | through all generations | “generation after generation.” See how this is translated in Psalms 89:4. | ||
3728 | PSA | 101 | intro | vhm3 | 0 | Psalm 101 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 101 is a psalm asking God’s help in living as a person should. Special concepts in this chapterEncouragementThe psalmist wanted to encourage all the good people in the land restrain all the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) | |||
3729 | PSA | 101 | 1 | icq7 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3730 | PSA | 101 | 1 | lx29 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | I will sing of covenant faithfulness and justice | The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “justice” can be translated with adjectives. Alternate translation: “I will sing that you are faithful to your covenant and that you are just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3731 | PSA | 101 | 2 | v15m | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will walk in the way of integrity | Here David speaks about “living” as if it were “walking.” Alternate translation: “I will live in a way that is honest and right” or “I will live a life full of integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3732 | PSA | 101 | 2 | x9km | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will walk with integrity within my house | Here David speaks about “living” as if it were walking.” Also, David speaks of overseeing his house with integrity, as if integrity were a physical object residing in his house. Alternate translation: “I will oversee my house with integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3733 | PSA | 101 | 3 | ebd9 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | I will not put wrongdoing before my eyes | This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “wrongdoing.” The idiom, “put evil before my eyes,” means to approve of it. Alternate translation: “I will not approve of anyone doing anything that is wrong in my presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3734 | PSA | 101 | 3 | l5pl | figs-personification | 0 | it will not cling to me | David describes “evil” as if it were something unable to cling to him. This means that he would avoid evil things and people doing evil things. Alternate translation: “I will completely avoid evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3735 | PSA | 101 | 3 | cx52 | 0 | cling | hold on to something or someone very tightly | ||
3736 | PSA | 101 | 4 | v5jw | 0 | to evil | “to anything that is evil” | ||
3737 | PSA | 101 | 5 | f3b9 | figs-doublet | 0 | a proud demeanor and an arrogant attitude | These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful such people are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
3738 | PSA | 101 | 5 | nsy2 | 0 | a proud demeanor | “a proud outward appearance.”” This refers to a person being so proud that anyone who looks at him can see how proud he is. | ||
3739 | PSA | 101 | 6 | p6qp | figs-idiom | 0 | I will look to the faithful of the land to sit at my side | This means that David would allow those people to be around him and live with him. Alternate translation: “I will allow the faithful of the land to live with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3740 | PSA | 101 | 6 | ph2r | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the faithful | This refers to the people who are faithful to God. Alternate translation: “the faithful people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
3741 | PSA | 101 | 6 | qs64 | figs-metaphor | 0 | walk in the way of integrity | Here David speaks about “living” as if it were “walking.” Alternate translation: “live in a way that is honest and right” or “live lives full of integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3742 | PSA | 101 | 7 | n792 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Deceitful people will not…liars will not | These two phrases have the same idea and are used together to emphasize how David will not tolerate deceitful people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3743 | PSA | 101 | 7 | pag2 | figs-activepassive | 0 | liars will not be welcome | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not welcome liars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3744 | PSA | 101 | 7 | hk5x | figs-synecdoche | 0 | before my eyes | Here “my eyes” refers to David himself. Alternate translation: “before me” or “in my presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3745 | PSA | 101 | 8 | xql1 | 0 | Morning by morning | “Every day” | ||
3746 | PSA | 101 | 8 | e3n4 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked | This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
3747 | PSA | 101 | 8 | nwb7 | figs-explicit | 0 | from the city of Yahweh | David is referring to the city that he is in as “the city of Yahweh.” This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “from this city, which is Yahweh’s city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3748 | PSA | 102 | intro | ew2b | 0 | Psalm 102 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 102 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterSalvationThe author does not want to die young. He also wants to see Jerusalem saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) | |||
3749 | PSA | 102 | 1 | p5kd | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3750 | PSA | 102 | 1 | g5ux | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the afflicted | This refers to a man who is afflicted. Alternate translation: “the afflicted man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
3751 | PSA | 102 | 3 | z22d | figs-simile | 0 | my days pass away like smoke | Here “my days” refers to the author’s life and the idea of “smoke” is something that quickly disappears. Alternate translation: “my life passes away quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3752 | PSA | 102 | 3 | uzi1 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my bones burn like fire | Here the author refers to his “body” as his “bones.” Alternate translation: “my body feels like it is burning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3753 | PSA | 102 | 4 | c6kx | figs-synecdoche | 0 | My heart is crushed | Here the author refers to himself as his “heart.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am in despair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3754 | PSA | 102 | 4 | g6gz | figs-simile | 0 | I am like grass that has withered | This is another way to describe his despair. Alternate translation: “I feel like I am drying up like withered grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3755 | PSA | 102 | 6 | lb9r | figs-simile | 0 | I am like a pelican of the wilderness | He compares his loneliness to that of a pelican, which is often seem alone instead of with other birds. Alternate translation: “I am lonely and despised like a pelican in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3756 | PSA | 102 | 6 | e6su | 0 | a pelican | a large fish-eating bird | ||
3757 | PSA | 102 | 6 | mja3 | figs-simile | 0 | I have become like an owl in the ruins | The author continues to describe loneliness by comparing himself to an owl in abandoned ruins. Alternate translation: “I have become alone like an owl in abandoned ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3758 | PSA | 102 | 6 | z5z7 | 0 | an owl | This is a bird that is awake at night. Alternate translation: “a night bird” | ||
3759 | PSA | 102 | 7 | g7mv | figs-simile | 0 | I lie awake like a solitary bird | The writer compares himself to a bird to emphasize his feeling of loneliness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3760 | PSA | 102 | 9 | w9f3 | figs-simile | 0 | I eat ashes like bread | David would have sat in ashes as an act of mourning, therefore ashes would have fallen on his food. Alternate translation: “I eat ashes like I eat bread” or “As I mourn, ashes fall on the bread that I eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3761 | PSA | 102 | 9 | x9c8 | figs-explicit | 0 | mix my drink with tears | David did not purposefully mix his drink with tears; rather his tear would have fallen into his cup while he mourned and wept. Alternate translation: “my tears fall into the cup that I drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3762 | PSA | 102 | 10 | n1sq | figs-metaphor | 0 | you have lifted me up to throw me down | God has not literally lifted and thrown David’s body to the ground; rather David says this to describe what he is feeling and experiencing. Alternate translation: “it is like you have lifted me up to throw me down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3763 | PSA | 102 | 11 | p3fu | figs-simile | 0 | My days are like a shadow that fades | David compares his time left to live on earth to a fading shadow. Alternate translation: “My time to remain alive is short like an evening shadow that will soon be gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3764 | PSA | 102 | 11 | i6b5 | figs-simile | 0 | I have withered like grass | As David’s body becomes weak and he is nearing the end of his life, he compares himself to withering grass. Alternate translation: “my body has become weak like withered grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3765 | PSA | 102 | 11 | zgl8 | 0 | withered | dry and wrinkled | ||
3766 | PSA | 102 | 12 | u198 | 0 | your fame is for all generations | “you will be recognized for all generations to come” | ||
3767 | PSA | 102 | 12 | ge7b | 0 | fame | being known by many people | ||
3768 | PSA | 102 | 13 | xp79 | figs-metonymy | 0 | have mercy on Zion | Here “Zion” refers to the people who live in Zion. Alternate translation: “have mercy on the people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3769 | PSA | 102 | 13 | rn9d | 0 | upon her | The word “her” refers to Zion. | ||
3770 | PSA | 102 | 14 | ew61 | figs-explicit | 0 | hold her stones dear | The “stones” refer to the stones that were part of the city walls before they were destroyed. Alternate translation: “still love the stones that were formerly in the city walls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3771 | PSA | 102 | 15 | h2k3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | your name | Here “your name” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3772 | PSA | 102 | 15 | n7ut | figs-synecdoche | 0 | will honor your glory | The people will honor Yahweh because of his glory. Here Yahweh is referred to by his glory. Alternate translation: “will honor you because you are glorious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3773 | PSA | 102 | 16 | p45x | 0 | will appear in his glory | “will be seen as glorious” or “people will see his glory” | ||
3774 | PSA | 102 | 17 | c68k | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the destitute | This refers to destitute people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
3775 | PSA | 102 | 17 | l5ly | figs-doublenegatives | 0 | he will not reject their prayer | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will accept their prayers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
3776 | PSA | 102 | 18 | ex9t | figs-activepassive | 0 | This will be written for future generations | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will write this for future generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3777 | PSA | 102 | 19 | p7h3 | figs-parallelism | 0 | For he has looked down from the holy heights; from heaven Yahweh has viewed | These two phrases have similar meaning and are used together for emphasize how God looks down from heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3778 | PSA | 102 | 19 | f2bl | 0 | the holy heights | “his holy place high above the earth” | ||
3779 | PSA | 102 | 20 | zeq6 | figs-activepassive | 0 | those who were condemned to death | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the authorities had sentenced to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3780 | PSA | 102 | 21 | jgk6 | figs-parallelism | 0 | proclaim the name of Yahweh in Zion and his praise in Jerusalem | These two phrases have the same meaning and emphasize the idea of praising the name of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3781 | PSA | 102 | 23 | vj74 | figs-metaphor | 0 | taken away my strength | David describes God causing him to become weak as if his strength were a physical item that could be taken away from him. Alternate translation: “has caused me to become weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3782 | PSA | 102 | 23 | bbe3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | my days | The word “days” here refers to his life. Alternate translation: “my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3783 | PSA | 102 | 24 | zb7q | figs-metaphor | 0 | do not take me away | David is asking God to not let him die. Alternate translation: “do not take me away from the earth” or “do not let me die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3784 | PSA | 102 | 24 | tyv4 | 0 | you are here throughout all generations | “you are present throughout all generations” | ||
3785 | PSA | 102 | 26 | r72f | 0 | they will all grow old | The word “they” refers to “the earth” and “the heavens.” | ||
3786 | PSA | 102 | 27 | fd7u | figs-metaphor | 0 | your years will have no end | Here David describes the length of time that God is alive as his “years.” This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “you will live forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
3787 | PSA | 102 | 28 | va7h | 0 | will live on | “will continue to live” | ||
3788 | PSA | 102 | 28 | nf8i | figs-metaphor | 0 | live in your presence | Here David describes the descendants being protected by Yahweh as being in his presence. Alternate translation: “be protected as they live in your presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3789 | PSA | 103 | intro | b1ht | 0 | Psalm 103 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 103 is the first in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s graceGod is good to us by forgiving our sins and not punishing us as much as we deserve. His loving-kindness goes on from generation to generation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) | |||
3790 | PSA | 103 | 1 | j269 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3791 | PSA | 103 | 1 | dn28 | figs-parallelism | 0 | I give praise to Yahweh with all my life, and with all that is within me, I give praise to his holy name | These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much he will praise Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will praise Yahweh with all that I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3792 | PSA | 103 | 1 | tv2n | figs-metonymy | 0 | give praise to his holy name | This refers to praising Yahweh’s name as Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3793 | PSA | 103 | 1 | qlm6 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | all that is within me | “all of me” or “all that I am.” David uses this phrase to refer to himself and to emphasize his devotion to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3794 | PSA | 103 | 3 | ts4f | 0 | your…you | David is speaking to himself, so he uses the words “your” and “you” to refer to himself. Many translations express this with “my” and “me” as the UST does. | ||
3795 | PSA | 103 | 4 | d9r5 | 0 | your…you | David is speaking to himself, so he uses the words “your” and “you” to refer to himself. Many translations express this with “my” and “me” as the UST does. | ||
3796 | PSA | 103 | 4 | ktm1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | He redeems your life from destruction | This means that Yahweh keeps him alive. Alternate translation: “He saves me from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3797 | PSA | 103 | 4 | n5d6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he crowns you with covenant faithfulness and acts of tender mercy | Here blessing someone and treating them with great honor is described as if it were placing a crown on that person’s head. The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “mercy” can be translated with adverbs. Alternate translation: “he blesses you by acting faithfully and mercifully towards you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3798 | PSA | 103 | 5 | u7y1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | He satisfies your life with good things | The phrase “your life” refers to “you,” but it emphasizes that Yahweh gives blessings throughout life. Alternate translation: “He satisfies you with good things through your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3799 | PSA | 103 | 5 | ga8q | figs-simile | 0 | your youth is renewed like the eagle | Having your “youth renewed” means to feel young again. Here David compares this feeling of youth to the swiftness and strength of an eagle. Alternate translation: “you feel young and are strong like an eagle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3800 | PSA | 103 | 5 | c2mk | figs-metonymy | 0 | your youth | The word “youth” refers to the strength one had as a young adult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3801 | PSA | 103 | 6 | g16e | 0 | does acts of justice for | “causes justice to happen to” | ||
3802 | PSA | 103 | 6 | d2hy | figs-explicit | 0 | all who are oppressed | Who is doing the oppressing can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “all who are oppressed by men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3803 | PSA | 103 | 7 | b1ww | figs-ellipsis | 0 | his deeds to the descendants of Israel | The words “he made known” are understood from the previous phrase. They may be repeated here. Alternate translation: “he made known his deeds to the descendants of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3804 | PSA | 103 | 8 | s8zz | 0 | has great covenant loyalty | “is full of mercy and love” | ||
3805 | PSA | 103 | 9 | whp1 | figs-parallelism | 0 | He will not always discipline; he is not always angry | These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3806 | PSA | 103 | 10 | ma6v | figs-parallelism | 0 | He does not deal with us…or repay us | These two phrases are parallel and emphasize that God does not punish us as we deserve. Alternate translation: “He does not repay us with the punishment we deserve for our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3807 | PSA | 103 | 10 | e5pc | 0 | deal with us | “punish us” | ||
3808 | PSA | 103 | 11 | me8x | figs-simile | 0 | For as the skies are high…toward those who honor him | The simile compares the great distance between heaven and earth to the greatness of God’s love for his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3809 | PSA | 103 | 11 | e326 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | so great is his covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “so he is very faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3810 | PSA | 103 | 12 | tv54 | figs-simile | 0 | As far as the east…removed the guilt of our sins from us | The distance between east and west is so far that it cannot be measured. In this simile, that distance is being compared to how far God moves our guilt away from us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3811 | PSA | 103 | 13 | yv8t | figs-simile | 0 | As a father has compassion…on those who honor him | Here the author compares a father’s compassion for his children to Yahweh’s compassion for those who honor him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3812 | PSA | 103 | 14 | l1y7 | figs-activepassive | 0 | how we are formed | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what our bodies are like” or “how he formed our bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3813 | PSA | 103 | 14 | pmk4 | figs-explicit | 0 | he knows that we are dust | When Yahweh created Adam the first man he created him from dust. Alternate translation: “he remembers that he created us from dust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3814 | PSA | 103 | 15 | dwr3 | figs-simile | 0 | As for man, his days are like grass | In this simile, the length of man’s life is being compared to the short length of time that grass grows before it dies. Alternate translation: “The length of man’s life is short like that of grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3815 | PSA | 103 | 15 | zx2q | figs-simile | 0 | he flourishes like a flower in a field | In this simile, how man grows over time is compared to how a flower grows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3816 | PSA | 103 | 15 | p86d | 0 | flourishes | To “flourish” is to grow well or be healthy. | ||
3817 | PSA | 103 | 16 | pk91 | figs-simile | 0 | The wind blows over it, and it disappears…where it once grew | These phrases continue to talk about flowers and grass. They compare how flowers and grass die to how man dies. Alternate translation: “The wind blows over the flowers and grass and they disappear, and no one can tell where they once grew—it is the same way with man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3818 | PSA | 103 | 17 | x8ia | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh is | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3819 | PSA | 103 | 17 | c87z | figs-merism | 0 | is from everlasting to everlasting | This means that Yahweh’s love continues forever. Alternate translation: “will continue forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
3820 | PSA | 103 | 17 | h9c9 | 0 | their descendants | “the descendants of those who honor him” | ||
3821 | PSA | 103 | 18 | qg3h | figs-parallelism | 0 | They keep his covenant and remember to obey his instructions | These two phrases have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3822 | PSA | 103 | 19 | zz3l | figs-metonymy | 0 | Yahweh has established his throne in the heavens | Here Yahweh’s reign as king is referred to as his “throne.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh has taken his seat in the heavens where he rules as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3823 | PSA | 103 | 19 | wr38 | 0 | has established | “has made” | ||
3824 | PSA | 103 | 19 | q47p | figs-metonymy | 0 | his kingdom rules | Here Yahweh is referred to by “his kingdom” to emphasize his authority as king. Alternate translation: “he rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3825 | PSA | 103 | 21 | hie6 | figs-idiom | 0 | carry out his will | This is an idiom meaning to “do his will.” Alternate translation: “do his will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3826 | PSA | 103 | 22 | kgz3 | 0 | in all the places where he reigns | “praise him in all the places where he reigns” | ||
3827 | PSA | 103 | 22 | te1g | figs-metonymy | 0 | with all my life | This phrase means that he will praise Yahweh wholeheartedly and is used to emphasize his devotion to him. Alternate translation: “with all of me” or “with all my soul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3828 | PSA | 104 | intro | zu6w | 0 | Psalm 104 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 104 is the second in the series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s creationGod has created everything good on earth, in the sky and in the sea. | |||
3829 | PSA | 104 | 1 | n2h6 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. This psalm is a song of praise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3830 | PSA | 104 | 1 | h3du | figs-metonymy | 0 | with all my life | This phrase means that he will praise Yahweh wholeheartedly and is used to emphasize his devotion to him. Alternate translation: “with all of me” or “with all my soul”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3831 | PSA | 104 | 1 | pn87 | figs-doublet | 0 | you are clothed with splendor and majesty | The words “splendor” and “majesty” have similar meanings and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh’s glory. They are described as clothing Yahweh like a garment. Alternate translation: “you have splendor and majesty all around you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3832 | PSA | 104 | 2 | a2ha | figs-simile | 0 | You cover yourself with light as with a garment | Yahweh is described as being covered with light as if the light were a garment around him. Alternate translation: “You are covered in light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3833 | PSA | 104 | 2 | dy5x | figs-simile | 0 | you spread out the heavens like a tent curtain | Here God is described as spreading out the heavens like someone spreads out a tent when setting it up. Alternate translation: “you spread out the heavens like someone sets up a tent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3834 | PSA | 104 | 3 | mw5b | 0 | You lay the beams of your chambers on the clouds | “You build your upper rooms in the heavens.” This is referring to his house is so tall that the upper floor extends into the clouds. | ||
3835 | PSA | 104 | 3 | wvf4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | you make the clouds your chariot | Here the clouds are described as carrying Yahweh as if they were a chariot. Alternate translation: “you make the clouds carry you like a chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3836 | PSA | 104 | 3 | cb6d | figs-metaphor | 0 | you walk on the wings of the wind | Here the blowing of the wind is described as wings on which Yahweh walks. Alternate translation: “you walk upon the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3837 | PSA | 104 | 4 | h3wj | figs-personification | 0 | He makes the winds his messengers | Possible meanings are (1) he causes the wind to be able to carry a message like a messenger, “He makes the winds to be like his messengers” or (2) “He makes his messengers swift like the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3838 | PSA | 104 | 4 | hx2d | figs-personification | 0 | flames of fire his servants | Possible meanings are (1) “he causes flames of fire to be like his servants.” He causes fire to serve him like a servant would or (2) “he makes his servants to be like flames of fire”and (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3839 | PSA | 104 | 4 | m17r | figs-ellipsis | 0 | flames of fire his servants | This can be stated with the implied information from the previous line. Alternate translation: “He makes the flames of fire his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3840 | PSA | 104 | 5 | slc5 | figs-idiom | 0 | He laid the foundations of the earth | Here the phrase “laid the foundations” means “created.” Alternate translation: “He created the whole earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3841 | PSA | 104 | 6 | uvx2 | figs-simile | 0 | You covered the earth with water like a garment | Here the water that covered the earth is being compared to how a large garment is able to completely cover something. Alternate translation: “You completely covered the earth with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
3842 | PSA | 104 | 7 | cyi9 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Your rebuke made the waters…they fled | These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how God spoke and the waters went away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3843 | PSA | 104 | 7 | xcn5 | 0 | recede | move back, go down | ||
3844 | PSA | 104 | 7 | e57p | figs-personification | 0 | they fled | Here the psalmist speaks about the waters receding as if they fled like an animal after hearing Yahweh’s voice. The word “fled” means to run away quickly. Alternate translation: “rushed away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3845 | PSA | 104 | 8 | scr3 | figs-personification | 0 | The mountains rose, and the valleys spread out | Here the psalmist speaks of God causing the mountains and valleys to move and change as if they chose to move themselves. They are described this way to emphasize God’s power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3846 | PSA | 104 | 8 | l42f | 0 | for them | The word “them” refers to the waters. | ||
3847 | PSA | 104 | 9 | n9ik | figs-personification | 0 | a boundary for them that they will not cross | Here the psalmist speaks of God causing the waters not to cross the boundary that he created for them as if the waters themselves chose not to cross it. They are described this way to emphasize God’s authority over them. Alternate translation: “a boundary for them that they cannot cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3848 | PSA | 104 | 9 | dvf6 | 0 | boundary | border | ||
3849 | PSA | 104 | 10 | iif6 | 0 | streams | small rivers | ||
3850 | PSA | 104 | 11 | lyg8 | figs-explicit | 0 | the wild donkeys quench their thirst | It can be stated clearly that they quench their thirst by drinking the water. Alternate translation: “the wild donkeys drink the water to quench their thirst” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3851 | PSA | 104 | 12 | agc8 | 0 | riverbanks | the ground at the edges of a river | ||
3852 | PSA | 104 | 12 | f9hd | figs-metaphor | 0 | they sing among the branches | Here David describes birds chirping as if they were singing. Alternate translation: “they chirp among the tree branches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3853 | PSA | 104 | 13 | t46e | figs-metaphor | 0 | He waters the mountains from his water chambers in the sky | This means that God causes it to rain. The waters are described as residing in chambers in the sky. Alternate translation: “He waters the mountains by causing the rains to fall from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3854 | PSA | 104 | 13 | umz5 | 0 | the fruit of his labor | “the many good things that you create” | ||
3855 | PSA | 104 | 14 | e34g | figs-ellipsis | 0 | and plants for man to cultivate | The words “he makes” and “grow” are understood from the previous phrase, and can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “and he makes the plants grow for man to cultivate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3856 | PSA | 104 | 16 | wk1s | figs-activepassive | 0 | The trees of Yahweh get plenty of rain | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh provides plenty of rain for his trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3857 | PSA | 104 | 17 | hms7 | figs-explicit | 0 | There the birds make their nests | They makes their nests in the cedars. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The birds make their nests in the cedars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3858 | PSA | 104 | 17 | hw3v | 0 | stork | This is a type of bird. Alternate translation: “bird” | ||
3859 | PSA | 104 | 18 | k4ms | 0 | hyraxes | I hyrax is a small animal that looks like a large rodent. Alternate translation: “rock badger” | ||
3860 | PSA | 104 | 19 | ph3b | 0 | seasons | This word refers to different weather changes through the year. Some places have rainy season and dry season, while others have spring, summer, fall, and winter. | ||
3861 | PSA | 104 | 19 | e39s | figs-personification | 0 | the sun knows its time | Here David describes the sun as if it knows what time of day it is. Alternate translation: “he made the sun to set when it is time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3862 | PSA | 104 | 20 | qx53 | 0 | You make | “Yahweh, you make.” Here the authors switches from speaking about Yahweh to speaking to him. | ||
3863 | PSA | 104 | 21 | lyz7 | 0 | prey | an animal that is food for another animal | ||
3864 | PSA | 104 | 21 | jb9f | 0 | and seek their food from God | “but they rely on God to provide their food” | ||
3865 | PSA | 104 | 22 | gx5s | 0 | retreat | go back to their dens | ||
3866 | PSA | 104 | 22 | y9tf | 0 | dens | the homes of some mammals and small animals | ||
3867 | PSA | 104 | 24 | z55t | figs-metaphor | 0 | overflows with your works | Here David describes the amount of things that Yahweh had created as if they were a liquid overflowing out of a container. Alternate translation: “is filled with your work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3868 | PSA | 104 | 25 | ci1v | figs-doublet | 0 | deep and wide | “it is very deep and very wide.” The depth and width of the sea emphasizes how large it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
3869 | PSA | 104 | 25 | px6m | 0 | teeming with innumerable creatures | “having in them more creatures than anyone could count” | ||
3870 | PSA | 104 | 25 | ury2 | 0 | innumerable | more than anyone can count | ||
3871 | PSA | 104 | 25 | qyy2 | figs-merism | 0 | both small and great | This means creatures of all sizes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
3872 | PSA | 104 | 26 | hy31 | 0 | The ships travel there | “The ships travel on the sea” | ||
3873 | PSA | 104 | 27 | f1i2 | 0 | All these | “All these creatures” | ||
3874 | PSA | 104 | 27 | ty2m | 0 | give them their food on time | “give them their food when they need it” | ||
3875 | PSA | 104 | 28 | zi19 | figs-explicit | 0 | When you give to them, they gather | It may be helpful to state that it is food that is given. Alternate translation: “When you give food to them, they gather it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3876 | PSA | 104 | 28 | lri9 | 0 | gather | collect | ||
3877 | PSA | 104 | 28 | rs7m | figs-explicit | 0 | when you open your hand | This describes Yahweh as opening his hand to give food to the creatures. Alternate translation: “when you open your hand to feed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3878 | PSA | 104 | 29 | mel5 | figs-explicit | 0 | hide your face | This means that Yahweh does not look at them or pay attention to them. Alternate translation: “when you do not look upon them” or “when you ignore them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3879 | PSA | 104 | 29 | w8jz | figs-explicit | 0 | return to dust | This means that their bodies decay and are and become soil again. Alternate translation: “their bodies decay and return to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3880 | PSA | 104 | 30 | nc9i | figs-idiom | 0 | When you send out your Spirit | This refers to his Spirit being sent to give life to creatures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3881 | PSA | 104 | 30 | ufs8 | figs-activepassive | 0 | they are created | It is Yahweh’s spirit that created them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3882 | PSA | 104 | 30 | bvs4 | 0 | you renew the countryside | “you cause the land to be full of new life” | ||
3883 | PSA | 104 | 34 | wqg4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | my thoughts be sweet | He is comparing his thoughts to something that tastes sweet. Alternate translation: “my thoughts be pleasing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3884 | PSA | 104 | 35 | j2if | 0 | vanish | disappear | ||
3885 | PSA | 104 | 35 | d8e7 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | let the wicked be no more | The phrase “the wicked” refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “may wicked people disappear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
3886 | PSA | 105 | intro | lfu2 | 0 | Psalm 105 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 105 is the third in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s protectionGod protected Abraham and Jacob. He worked throughout Israel’s history to bring Israel into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) | |||
3887 | PSA | 105 | 1 | zzf7 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3888 | PSA | 105 | 1 | vd4n | figs-metonymy | 0 | call on his name | Here “name” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “call on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3889 | PSA | 105 | 1 | x3bs | figs-metonymy | 0 | the nations | This refers to the people in the nations. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3890 | PSA | 105 | 3 | te1c | figs-metonymy | 0 | Boast in his holy name | Here “name” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Boast in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3891 | PSA | 105 | 3 | a47m | figs-synecdoche | 0 | let the heart of those who seek Yahweh rejoice | Here “the heart” represents the person who seeks Yahweh. Alternate translation: “let the people who seek Yahweh rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3892 | PSA | 105 | 4 | hn4w | figs-idiom | 0 | Seek Yahweh and his strength | To “seek Yahweh’s strength” means to ask him to strengthen you. Alternate translation: “Seek Yahweh and ask him to give you his strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3893 | PSA | 105 | 5 | bp9g | 0 | Recall | remember and think about | ||
3894 | PSA | 105 | 5 | d8xx | figs-ellipsis | 0 | his miracles and | The word “recall” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “recall his miracles and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3895 | PSA | 105 | 5 | mlf1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the decrees from his mouth | Here “mouth” refers to the things that he spoke. Alternate translation: “the decrees that he has spoken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3896 | PSA | 105 | 6 | h2s3 | 0 | you descendants of Abraham…you people of Jacob | The author is speaking to the Israelites, calling them these names. | ||
3897 | PSA | 105 | 6 | qt6k | 0 | Abraham his servant | “Abraham, Yahweh’s servant” | ||
3898 | PSA | 105 | 8 | dsi3 | figs-parallelism | 0 | He keeps in mind…the word that he commanded | These two phrases share similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. The word “word” refers to the covenant. Alternate translation: “He keeps in mind his covenant forever, the promise he made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3899 | PSA | 105 | 8 | jiu4 | figs-idiom | 0 | keeps in mind | This means to remember and think about something. Alternate translation: “remembers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3900 | PSA | 105 | 8 | myq8 | translate-numbers | 0 | a thousand generations | “1,000 generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
3901 | PSA | 105 | 9 | f63m | figs-idiom | 0 | He calls to mind | The phrase “call to mind” means to remember something. Alternate translation: “he remembers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3902 | PSA | 105 | 9 | q6jd | figs-parallelism | 0 | the covenant that he made with Abraham…his oath to Isaac | Both of these phrases “the covenant” and “the oath” refer to the same promise that Yahweh made to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3903 | PSA | 105 | 9 | xgp2 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | his oath to Isaac | The words “that he made” are undestood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “his oath that he made to Isaac” or “his oath that he gave to Isaac” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3904 | PSA | 105 | 12 | mm4y | 0 | Connecting Statement: | The psalmist is writing about Israel. | ||
3905 | PSA | 105 | 12 | y52u | 0 | when they were only few in number | The word “they” refers to the Israelites. | ||
3906 | PSA | 105 | 12 | xll7 | figs-explicit | 0 | were strangers in the land | It is implied that “the land” refers to Canaan. Alternate translation: “were foreigners in the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3907 | PSA | 105 | 13 | m9g6 | 0 | They went from | “They continued to wander” | ||
3908 | PSA | 105 | 13 | zb22 | figs-parallelism | 0 | from nation to nation and from one kingdom to another | These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3909 | PSA | 105 | 14 | y2y2 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | The psalmist is writing about Israel. | ||
3910 | PSA | 105 | 14 | zit6 | 0 | for their sakes | “for their own well-being.” This is referring to Israel. | ||
3911 | PSA | 105 | 15 | ex2x | figs-hyperbole | 0 | Do not touch my anointed ones | Here “touch” means to harm, it’s an exaggeration Yahweh used to strengthen his warning to not harm his people. Alternate translation: “Do not harm the people I have anointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
3912 | PSA | 105 | 16 | yy95 | figs-idiom | 0 | He called for | “He sent.” This means that caused a famine to happen in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3913 | PSA | 105 | 16 | ih1i | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the whole supply of bread | Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “the whole supply of food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
3914 | PSA | 105 | 17 | w46a | figs-explicit | 0 | He sent a man ahead of them; Joseph | It may be helpful to state that he sent him ahead of them to Egypt. Alternate translation: “He sent a man ahead of them to Egypt; he sent Joseph who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3915 | PSA | 105 | 17 | a5yd | figs-activepassive | 0 | Joseph was sold as a servant | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joseph’s brothers sold him as a slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3916 | PSA | 105 | 18 | y8ja | 0 | shackles | metal restraints used to fasten a prisoner’s wrists or ankles together | ||
3917 | PSA | 105 | 18 | y4be | figs-activepassive | 0 | His feet were bound by shackles; on his neck was put an iron collar | These statements can be restated as active. Alternate translation: “The Egyptians bound his feet in shackles; they put an iron collar around his neck. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3918 | PSA | 105 | 19 | d2i1 | 0 | The word of Yahweh tested him | “The message of Yahweh tested him” | ||
3919 | PSA | 105 | 20 | t5jp | figs-parallelism | 0 | The king sent servants to release him; the ruler of the people set him free | These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that the king set Joseph free. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3920 | PSA | 105 | 23 | cy4l | figs-explicit | 0 | Then Israel came into Egypt | Here “Israel” refers to Jacob. Jacob also brought his family with him. Alternate translation: “Then Israel and his family came into Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3921 | PSA | 105 | 24 | dy5v | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh made his people fruitful | The writer speaks of the increase of Israel as if they were a plant that produced a lot of fruit. “God increased the number of his people greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3922 | PSA | 105 | 25 | dlg8 | 0 | to hate his people, to mistreat his servants | “to hate his people and to mistreat his servants” | ||
3923 | PSA | 105 | 27 | m86t | figs-parallelism | 0 | They performed his signs among the Egyptians…his wonders in the land of Ham | These two phrases have basically the same meaning. Alternate translation: “Moses and Aaron performed God’s miracles in Egypt among the descendants of Ham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3924 | PSA | 105 | 27 | ejj7 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | his wonders in the land of Ham | The words “they performed” are understood fromt the previous phrase. They may be repeated here. Alternate translation: “and they performed his wonders in the land of Ham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3925 | PSA | 105 | 27 | sf91 | figs-explicit | 0 | the land of Ham | Ham was an ancestor of the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “the land of Ham’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3926 | PSA | 105 | 28 | x43u | 0 | made that land dark | “made the sky dark” | ||
3927 | PSA | 105 | 30 | l4fr | 0 | frogs | a small jumping reptile | ||
3928 | PSA | 105 | 30 | svn6 | 0 | even in the rooms of their rulers | “they were even in the rooms of their rulers” | ||
3929 | PSA | 105 | 31 | bg5e | 0 | Connecting Statement: | The psalmist continues to describe Yahweh’s judgment on Egypt. | ||
3930 | PSA | 105 | 31 | xv9w | 0 | swarms | large flying groups | ||
3931 | PSA | 105 | 31 | p85g | 0 | gnats | small flying insects like flies but smaller | ||
3932 | PSA | 105 | 32 | xxb2 | 0 | hail | ice that falls from the sky like rain | ||
3933 | PSA | 105 | 33 | sa1j | figs-metonymy | 0 | He destroyed…he broke | God caused the hail, rain, and lightning to ruin the vines and trees. Alternate translation: “He caused it to destroy…and to break” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3934 | PSA | 105 | 34 | pv2a | 0 | so many locusts | “there were so many locusts” | ||
3935 | PSA | 105 | 35 | ytq3 | figs-parallelism | 0 | The locusts ate up all of the vegetation…They ate up all the crops of the ground | These two phrase have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “The insects ate all the plants and all the crops in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3936 | PSA | 105 | 36 | ur3w | figs-parallelism | 0 | He killed every firstborn in their land, the firstfruits of all their strength | Here the second phrase about the “firstfruits” is used to describe the “firstborn” in the first phrase. Alternate translation: “He killed every firstborn in their land, which were the firstfruits of all their strength” or “Then Yahweh killed the oldest son in every house of the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3937 | PSA | 105 | 37 | p9rb | figs-explicit | 0 | He brought the Israelites out with silver and gold | When the Israelites left Egypt they took silver and gold with them. Alternate translation: “He brought the Isrealites out of Egypt with silver and gold in their possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3938 | PSA | 105 | 37 | jug1 | figs-doublenegatives | 0 | none of his tribes stumbled on the way | No one was left behind. This can be stated positively Alternate translation: “all of his tribes was able to make the journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
3939 | PSA | 105 | 38 | b4ia | figs-metonymy | 0 | Egypt was glad | Here “Egypt” refers to the people who live in Egypt. Alternate translation: The people of Egypt were glad (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3940 | PSA | 105 | 39 | z8gy | figs-metaphor | 0 | He spread a cloud for a covering | Here the psalmist describes Yahweh placing a cloud in the sky as if he were spreading out a garment. The cloud was a “covering” to protect them from the sun. Alternate translation: “He placed a cloud in the sky to protect them from the sun and heat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3941 | PSA | 105 | 39 | tm1i | figs-explicit | 0 | made a fire to light up the night | Yahweh placed a pillar of fire in the sky to give light during the night. Alternate translation: “placed a fire it the sky to light up the night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3942 | PSA | 105 | 40 | ny85 | figs-explicit | 0 | he brought quail | It may be helpful to make clear that quail are small birds Yahweh sent for them to eat. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sent small birds to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3943 | PSA | 105 | 40 | i82g | figs-explicit | 0 | with bread from heaven | Yahweh caused manna, a type of bread, to fall from the sky. Alternate translation: “with bread that fell from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3944 | PSA | 105 | 41 | kr8h | 0 | they flowed | “the waters flowed” | ||
3945 | PSA | 105 | 42 | p4um | figs-idiom | 0 | called to mind | This means to remember. Alternate translation: “remembered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3946 | PSA | 105 | 43 | s27l | figs-parallelism | 0 | He led his people out…his chosen with shouts of triumph | These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that God’s people were joyful when he led them out of Egypt. The people were shouting joyfully. Alternate translation: “He led his chosen people out with shouts of joy and triumph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3947 | PSA | 105 | 43 | is64 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | his chosen | Here “chosen” refers to Yahweh’s chosen people. Alternate translation: “his chosen people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
3948 | PSA | 105 | 43 | vc3k | 0 | shouts of triumph | the sound that people make when they are shouting with joy because they have defeated their enemies | ||
3949 | PSA | 105 | 45 | x32z | figs-parallelism | 0 | keep his statutes and obey his laws | These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. “To keep” his statutes means to obey them. Alternate translation: “obey his laws and statutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3950 | PSA | 106 | intro | b2l3 | 0 | Psalm 106 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 106 is the fourth in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107) Special concepts in this chapterIsrael’s sinAlthough Israel continually sinned in the desert, God still took them to the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) | |||
3951 | PSA | 106 | 1 | m751 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3952 | PSA | 106 | 1 | n4rk | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | for his covenant faithfulness endures forever | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “for he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3953 | PSA | 106 | 2 | mp3f | figs-rquestion | 0 | Who can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh…deeds? | The author asks this question to praise God and does not expect an answer. Alternate translation: “No one can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh…deeds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
3954 | PSA | 106 | 2 | gxs8 | 0 | praiseworthy deeds | “deeds that are worthy of praise” | ||
3955 | PSA | 106 | 4 | hu15 | figs-idiom | 0 | Call me to mind | The phrase “call to mind” means to remember something. Alternate translation: “remember me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
3956 | PSA | 106 | 5 | a4xh | figs-nominaladj | 0 | of your chosen | The word “chosen” refers to Yahweh’s chosen people. Alternate translation: “of your chosen people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
3957 | PSA | 106 | 5 | hyv2 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | rejoice in the gladness…and glory | These are things that David says he will do, along with “seeing the prosperity of your chosen.” The words “I will” may be repeated here. Alternate translation: “I will rejoice in the gladness…and I will glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3958 | PSA | 106 | 5 | xr8z | 0 | gladness | joy, delight | ||
3959 | PSA | 106 | 5 | upf7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | glory with your inheritance | Here the phrase “your inheritance” refers to the Isrealites, who are Yahweh’s chosen people. Here “glory” means “to boast about” something; in this case they are boasting about Yahweh. Alternate translation: “boast of your greatness with your people” or “boast with your people about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3960 | PSA | 106 | 7 | f98d | 0 | did not appreciate your marvelous deeds | “were not grateful for the marvelous deed you did” | ||
3961 | PSA | 106 | 7 | ba4y | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | they ignored your many acts of covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “they ignored the many things that you did because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
3962 | PSA | 106 | 7 | i9mu | 0 | at the sea…the Sea of Reeds | These two phrases refer to the same sea. The second is the name of the sea. | ||
3963 | PSA | 106 | 8 | gj3d | 0 | Nevertheless, he | “Even though what I have just said is true, he” | ||
3964 | PSA | 106 | 8 | cz9e | figs-metonymy | 0 | for his name’s sake | Here “his name” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for the sake of his own reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3965 | PSA | 106 | 9 | f4nv | figs-simile | 0 | through the depths, as through a wilderness | Here David compares the way that Yahweh led the Isrealites through the Sea of Reeds to the way people can be led across the dry ground of a wilderness. “The depths” refers the riverbed that appeared after Yahweh parted the waters. Alternate translation: “through the Seas of Reeds on dry ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3966 | PSA | 106 | 10 | tc7g | figs-parallelism | 0 | He saved them from the hand…and he rescued them from the hand | These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize that Yahweh saved them from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3967 | PSA | 106 | 10 | hd8l | figs-metonymy | 0 | the hand of those who hated them | Here “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “the power of those who hated them” or “the control of those who hated them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3968 | PSA | 106 | 11 | iwb8 | figs-euphemism | 0 | covered their adversaries | This is a polite way to talk about them drowning. Alternate translation: “drowned their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
3969 | PSA | 106 | 12 | z9pl | 0 | Then they believed his words | Here the word “they” refers to “their ancestors” and the word “his” refers to “Yahweh.” | ||
3970 | PSA | 106 | 13 | k4qa | figs-explicit | 0 | they did not wait for his instructions | It is implied that they did things without waiting to find out what Yahweh wanted them to go. Alternate translation: “they did things without first waiting for Yahweh’s instructions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3971 | PSA | 106 | 14 | hxm8 | 0 | insatiable cravings | “cravings that could not be satisfied” | ||
3972 | PSA | 106 | 14 | ut7k | 0 | they challenged God | “They rebelled against God” | ||
3973 | PSA | 106 | 15 | p9dq | figs-metaphor | 0 | but he sent a horrible disease | Here David speaks about Yahweh causing the people to be afflicted by a disease as if Yahweh sent a disease to them in the same way that someone sends a person or a messenger. Alternate translation: “but he caused them to suffer from a horrible disease” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3974 | PSA | 106 | 15 | cz4b | 0 | a horrible disease | a disease that caused people to slowly become weak and caused some of them to die | ||
3975 | PSA | 106 | 16 | ymj2 | figs-explicit | 0 | In the camp | This refers to the Israelites’ camp in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “In the camp in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3976 | PSA | 106 | 17 | rfy5 | figs-personification | 0 | The earth opened and swallowed up | Here how the ground opens up and buries the people is being compared to how a creature swallows something. Alternate translation: “The earth opened and buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
3977 | PSA | 106 | 17 | n2we | translate-names | 0 | Dathan | This was an official who rebelled against Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3978 | PSA | 106 | 17 | acj1 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | covered the followers of Abiram | The followers of Abiram were also buried when the earth opened and buried Dathan. Alternate translation: “it also covered the followers of Abiram” or “it also buried the followers of Abiram” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
3979 | PSA | 106 | 17 | trp8 | translate-names | 0 | Abiram | This was an official who rebelled against Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3980 | PSA | 106 | 18 | k3ir | figs-parallelism | 0 | Fire broke out among them; the fire consumed the wicked | These two phrases mean the same things and are written together to emphasize how the wicked people were killed by the fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3981 | PSA | 106 | 19 | uq33 | figs-explicit | 0 | They made a calf at Horeb and worshiped a cast metal figure | This information can be reordered so that it is clear that the calf was the cast metal figure. Alternate translation: “At Horeb, they made a cast metal figure of a calf and worshiped it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3982 | PSA | 106 | 20 | em83 | figs-explicit | 0 | They traded the glory of God for the image of a bull | This means that instead of worshiping God they worshiped the image of the bull. Alternate translation: “They traded worshiping the glory of God to worship the image of a bull” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3983 | PSA | 106 | 20 | ke98 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the glory of God | Here God is referred to by his glory. Alternate translation: “their glorious God” or “God who is glorious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
3984 | PSA | 106 | 22 | ej25 | figs-possession | 0 | the land of Ham | This refers to the land where Ham’s descendants lived. Alternate translation: “the land where Ham’s descendant live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
3985 | PSA | 106 | 22 | s85r | 0 | mighty acts | “awesome things” | ||
3986 | PSA | 106 | 23 | s6ji | figs-metaphor | 0 | stood in the breach before him, to turn away his anger from destroying them | Here David speaks about Moses persuading Yahweh not to destroy the Israelites as intervening with him in the breach. Alternate translation: “stood between Yahweh and the Israelites and begged Yahweh to not destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
3987 | PSA | 106 | 24 | rv7l | 0 | his promise | This refers to Yahweh’s promise that he would allow them to take the land of Canaan as their possession. | ||
3988 | PSA | 106 | 25 | g1re | 0 | grumbled | complained | ||
3989 | PSA | 106 | 26 | rxu8 | 0 | raised his hand | The word “his” refers to Yahweh. Also, it was custom to raise a hand when swearing an oath. | ||
3990 | PSA | 106 | 27 | gk8t | figs-parallelism | 0 | scatter their descendants…in foreign lands | These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “and that he would make their descendants live in foreign lands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
3991 | PSA | 106 | 27 | yf1j | 0 | scatter | This means to disperse or spread out something. | ||
3992 | PSA | 106 | 28 | ju2m | figs-activepassive | 0 | the sacrifices offered to the dead | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the sacrifices that they offered to the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3993 | PSA | 106 | 28 | sm42 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | to the dead | “The dead” refers to the idols and gods that the Israelites were worshiping. Alternate translation: “to gods who are dead” or “to lifeless gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
3994 | PSA | 106 | 29 | fu7m | 0 | a plague broke out | “a plague spread” | ||
3995 | PSA | 106 | 29 | m7n8 | 0 | provoked him to anger | “angered him” | ||
3996 | PSA | 106 | 30 | eqn8 | figs-explicit | 0 | Then Phinehas rose to intervene | Phinehas intervened among the people, punishing them for their sin. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Then Phinehas rose to intervene among the people because of their sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
3997 | PSA | 106 | 31 | s4km | figs-activepassive | 0 | It was counted to him as a righteous deed | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People credited it to him as a righteous deed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
3998 | PSA | 106 | 32 | p4gw | translate-names | 0 | Meribah | This is a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
3999 | PSA | 106 | 32 | zj4e | figs-metonymy | 0 | suffered because of them | Moses suffered because of the peoples’ sin. Here the word “them” is a pronoun for the people and a metonym referring to their sin. Alternate translation: “suffered because of their actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4000 | PSA | 106 | 35 | kf8n | figs-metaphor | 0 | but they mingled with the nations | Hey David speaks of the people intermarrying with the women from other nations as “mingling” with them. Alternate translation: “but they mixed in marriage with the other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4001 | PSA | 106 | 36 | j9ws | 0 | which became a snare to them | The idols became a snare to them. | ||
4002 | PSA | 106 | 38 | f98r | figs-euphemism | 0 | They shed innocent blood, the blood of their sons and of their daughters | The phrase “shedding blood” is a descriptive euphemism used for “killing.” Alternate translation: “They shed innocent blood when they killed their sons and daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
4003 | PSA | 106 | 39 | dy5f | figs-activepassive | 0 | They were defiled by their deeds | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Their deeds defiled them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4004 | PSA | 106 | 39 | b2u2 | figs-explicit | 0 | in their actions they were like prostitutes | Here David compares their unfaithfulness to Yahweh to the unfaithfulness of a prostitute. Alternate translation: “they were as unfaithful to Yahweh as prostitutes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4005 | PSA | 106 | 40 | ef5t | 0 | So Yahweh was angry with his people…he despised his own people | “So Yahweh was angry with his people and despised them” | ||
4006 | PSA | 106 | 41 | wrc9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | He gave them into the hand of the nations | Here “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “God allowed the nations to take control of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4007 | PSA | 106 | 41 | ukn1 | 0 | those who hated them | “people who hated them” | ||
4008 | PSA | 106 | 42 | q1ds | figs-activepassive | 0 | they were brought into subjection to their authority | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “their enemies caused them to be subject to their authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4009 | PSA | 106 | 43 | k223 | figs-idiom | 0 | were brought low by their own sin | Here the phrase “brought low” means to be destroyed. Also, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “their sin ruined them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4010 | PSA | 106 | 44 | mj3k | 0 | Nevertheless, he | “Even though what I have just said is true, he.” See how you translated this in Psalms 106:8. | ||
4011 | PSA | 106 | 44 | ry5x | 0 | their distress | “their affliction” or “their suffering” | ||
4012 | PSA | 106 | 45 | try4 | figs-idiom | 0 | called to mind | The phrase “call to mind” means to remember something. Alternate translation: “remembered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4013 | PSA | 106 | 45 | fi1e | 0 | He…relented because of his steadfast love | “He…decided that because he still loved them very much he would not punish them” | ||
4014 | PSA | 106 | 46 | vqs1 | 0 | their conquerers | “their captors.” This refers to the Isrealites’ enemies who had taken them captive. | ||
4015 | PSA | 106 | 46 | i4vh | 0 | to have pity on them | “to be compassionate on them” | ||
4016 | PSA | 106 | 47 | p7rh | 0 | General Information: | Here 106:48 is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 4 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 90 and ends with Psalm 106. | ||
4017 | PSA | 106 | 47 | n47s | figs-metonymy | 0 | to your holy name | Here Yahweh is referred to by his “holy name.” Alternate translation: “to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4018 | PSA | 106 | 48 | qmx9 | figs-activepassive | 0 | May Yahweh, the God of Israel, be praised | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May people praise Yahweh the God of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4019 | PSA | 106 | 48 | qzy4 | figs-merism | 0 | from everlasting to everlasting | This refers to two extremes and means for all time. See how you translated this in Psalms 41:13. Alternate translation: “for all eternity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
4020 | PSA | 107 | intro | j88n | 0 | Psalm 107 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 107 is the last in a series of five psalms of praise to God (Psalm 103-107). Special concepts in this chapterPraiseThe psalmist praises Yahweh for saving people lost in the desert, in prison, sick, in a storm at sea, homeless and oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]]) | |||
4021 | PSA | 107 | 1 | h2en | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4022 | PSA | 107 | 1 | he6p | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | his covenant faithfulness endures forever | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4023 | PSA | 107 | 2 | p5ij | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the redeemed of Yahweh | “The redeemed” refers to the people whom Yahweh has saved. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh has saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4024 | PSA | 107 | 2 | j8q7 | figs-idiom | 0 | speak out | This means to tell others about something. Alternate translation: “tell about what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4025 | PSA | 107 | 2 | ftq5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | from the hand of the enemy | Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4026 | PSA | 107 | 3 | vj8x | figs-merism | 0 | from the east…and from the south | Here the four directions are given to emphasize that he gather them from everywhere. Alternate translation: “from every direction” or “from every part of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
4027 | PSA | 107 | 3 | fu7j | figs-ellipsis | 0 | from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south | This describes the places that Yahweh gather his people from. Alternate translation: “he has gathered them from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
4028 | PSA | 107 | 4 | un2c | 0 | They wandered | “Some people wandered” | ||
4029 | PSA | 107 | 4 | hnu5 | 0 | on a desert road | “on a road that was in the desert” | ||
4030 | PSA | 107 | 4 | c3wb | 0 | in which to live | “that they could live in” | ||
4031 | PSA | 107 | 6 | j2tf | figs-explicit | 0 | Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble | It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. Alternate translation: “Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4032 | PSA | 107 | 6 | xe6n | 0 | their distress | “their difficulties” or “their afflictions” | ||
4033 | PSA | 107 | 8 | cw6e | figs-exclamations | 0 | Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness | Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4034 | PSA | 107 | 8 | a7ad | 0 | for humanity | “for all people” | ||
4035 | PSA | 107 | 9 | v9jj | 0 | For he satisfies the longings of those who are thirsty | “For he gives water to those who desire it—to those who are thirsty” | ||
4036 | PSA | 107 | 9 | pk1w | 0 | the desires of those who are hungry he fills up with good things | “to those who are very hungry and desire food, he give them good things to eat” | ||
4037 | PSA | 107 | 10 | d8zk | figs-explicit | 0 | Some sat | It is implied that these are people that Yahweh has rescued. Alternate translation: “Yahweh also rescued people who sat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4038 | PSA | 107 | 10 | pb1i | figs-doublet | 0 | in darkness and in gloom | Both “darkness” and “gloom” have basically the same meaning and are used to emphasize how dark the prison was. Alternate translation: “in complete darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
4039 | PSA | 107 | 11 | hv2f | figs-parallelism | 0 | they had rebelled against God’s word…rejected the instruction of the Most High | These phrases have similar meanings and emphasize how much they had rebelled again God, which is why they had been imprisoned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4040 | PSA | 107 | 12 | n1vf | figs-synecdoche | 0 | He humbled their hearts through hardship | Here the heart represents a person, but specifically his will. Alternate translation: “He humbled them by allowing them to suffer hardship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4041 | PSA | 107 | 12 | pw85 | 0 | hardship | Possible meanings are (1) “trouble” or (2) “hard labor.” | ||
4042 | PSA | 107 | 12 | rn21 | figs-explicit | 0 | they stumbled and there was no one to help them up | The word “stumbled” refers to times when these people got into very difficult situations. Alternate translation: “they got into trouble and there was no one to help them out of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4043 | PSA | 107 | 13 | ee2r | figs-explicit | 0 | Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble | It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in Psalms 107:6. Alternate translation: “Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4044 | PSA | 107 | 13 | w6na | 0 | their distress | “difficulties” or “afflictions.” See how you translated this in Psalms 107:6 | ||
4045 | PSA | 107 | 13 | qk74 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he brought | Here David describes Yahweh saving them from their distress as if their distress were a physical place that he was bringing them out of. Alternate translation: “he saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4046 | PSA | 107 | 14 | h4hv | 0 | He brought them | “Yahweh brought those in prison” | ||
4047 | PSA | 107 | 14 | ca58 | figs-doublet | 0 | darkness and gloom | Both “darkness” and “gloom” have basically the same meaning and are used to emphasize how dark the prison was. See how you translated this in Psalms 107:10. Alternate translation: “complete darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
4048 | PSA | 107 | 15 | hl74 | figs-exclamations | 0 | Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness | Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in Psalms 107:8. Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4049 | PSA | 107 | 16 | xw9f | 0 | For he | “because he” | ||
4050 | PSA | 107 | 16 | a9c5 | figs-parallelism | 0 | For he has broken the gates of bronze and cut through the bars of iron | Both of these phrases describe Yahweh freeing his people from prison and are used to emphasize that Yahweh truly freed them. Alternate translation: “He freed his people from prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4051 | PSA | 107 | 17 | cg19 | 0 | They were foolish in their rebellious ways | “They were foolish in the way they rebelled against Yahweh” | ||
4052 | PSA | 107 | 17 | w525 | figs-explicit | 0 | and afflicted | “and they suffered.” Specifically they were afflicted by becoming sick. Alternate translation: “and they became sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4053 | PSA | 107 | 18 | qkk6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | they came close to the gates of death | Here the act of “dying” is described as a place, “the gates of death” Alternate translation: “they almost died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4054 | PSA | 107 | 19 | h1yt | figs-explicit | 0 | Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble | It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in Psalms 107:6. Alternate translation: “Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4055 | PSA | 107 | 20 | q29l | figs-personification | 0 | He sent his word and healed them | Here David describes Yahweh speaking as sending his words as if they were a messenger. Possible meanings are (1) “He commanded for them to be healed and they were healed” or (2) “He encouraged them and healed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4056 | PSA | 107 | 21 | b9jy | figs-exclamations | 0 | Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness | Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in Psalms 107:8. Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4057 | PSA | 107 | 22 | qpm7 | 0 | of thanksgiving | “that show that they are thankful” | ||
4058 | PSA | 107 | 22 | ct4t | 0 | in singing | “by singing about them” | ||
4059 | PSA | 107 | 23 | w4vq | figs-explicit | 0 | and do business overseas | They would sail to places and buy and sell things with the people there. Alternate translation: “selling things in cities far away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4060 | PSA | 107 | 25 | h9pa | 0 | he commanded and aroused the windstorm that stirs up the seas | “he commanded the wind and caused it become a great windstorm that stirred up the sea” | ||
4061 | PSA | 107 | 25 | wyy3 | 0 | windstorm | a strong wind, like the wind that accompanies a strong rain storm | ||
4062 | PSA | 107 | 25 | j3g8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | that stirs up the seas | Here David describes the winds causing the waves to become high as if the wind was an object fiercely stirring something. Alternate translation: “that caused the waves of the sea to become very high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4063 | PSA | 107 | 26 | y5x4 | figs-hyperbole | 0 | They reached up to the sky; they went down to the depths | This describes the ships rising and falling with the waves. The extremes of rising to the sky and falling to the depths are an exaggeration to express how horrible the windstorm was and how large the waves were. Alternate translation: “their ships would rise very high on the waves and then they would fall very low between the waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
4064 | PSA | 107 | 26 | jma2 | figs-idiom | 0 | Their lives melted away in distress | This idiom describes the sailors’ great fear. Alternate translation: “The men were terrified and greatly distressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4065 | PSA | 107 | 27 | yjm2 | figs-idiom | 0 | were at their wits’ end | The phrase “at their wit’s end” means that they did not know what to do. Alternate translation: “and they did not know what to do” or “they had no idea what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4066 | PSA | 107 | 28 | j371 | figs-explicit | 0 | Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble | It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in Psalms 107:6. Alternate translation: “Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4067 | PSA | 107 | 28 | i5p5 | 0 | Then they | The word “they” refers to the sailors. | ||
4068 | PSA | 107 | 28 | jw4k | 0 | he brought them | “he guided them” | ||
4069 | PSA | 107 | 29 | yp9j | 0 | He calmed the storm | “He made the wind stop” | ||
4070 | PSA | 107 | 29 | ca97 | figs-activepassive | 0 | the waves were stilled | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he made the waves still” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4071 | PSA | 107 | 30 | pch1 | 0 | their desired harbor | “to the harbor where they wanted to go” | ||
4072 | PSA | 107 | 31 | bw2u | figs-exclamations | 0 | Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness | Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in Psalms 107:8. Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4073 | PSA | 107 | 32 | r3mg | 0 | praise him in the council of the elders | “when the elders sit together.” The elders sat together to discuss issues in the community and to make decisions for the community. | ||
4074 | PSA | 107 | 33 | ni1b | 0 | He turns | “Yahweh makes” | ||
4075 | PSA | 107 | 34 | d8df | 0 | because of the wickedness of its people | “because the people that live there are wicked” | ||
4076 | PSA | 107 | 35 | iw79 | figs-parallelism | 0 | He turns the wilderness into a pool of water and dry land into springs of water | Both of these phrases have similar meaning and emphasize how Yahweh makes water appear in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “He make springs and lakes in land that used to be desert” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4077 | PSA | 107 | 36 | h54c | figs-nominaladj | 0 | He settles the hungry there | The word “there” refers to the places where Yahweh made springs and lakes appear. Also, the phrase “the hungry” refers to people who are hungry. Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes people who are hungry live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4078 | PSA | 107 | 37 | u1tb | 0 | to plant vineyards | “to plant vineyards in” | ||
4079 | PSA | 107 | 37 | bsi7 | 0 | and to bring in an abundant harvest | “so that they can produce a plentiful harvest” | ||
4080 | PSA | 107 | 38 | rb6h | 0 | so they are very numerous | “so that their people are very numerous” | ||
4081 | PSA | 107 | 38 | ah11 | figs-litotes | 0 | He does not let their cattle decrease in number | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “He keeps their cattle very numerous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
4082 | PSA | 107 | 39 | aqn7 | 0 | They | The word “They” refers to the people who were hungry that Yahweh had settled in the land. This sentence describes how they were before Yahweh settled them in the land. | ||
4083 | PSA | 107 | 39 | x3qv | figs-activepassive | 0 | They were diminished and brought low | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Their leaders diminished their number and brought them low” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4084 | PSA | 107 | 39 | sl5d | 0 | were diminished | “became fewer in number” | ||
4085 | PSA | 107 | 39 | fpr8 | figs-idiom | 0 | brought low | This means to be humiliated. Alternate translation: “humiliated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4086 | PSA | 107 | 40 | k39h | figs-metaphor | 0 | pours contempt on | Here David speaks of Yahweh showing contempt for the leaders as if contempt were a liquid he poured out on them. Alternate translation: “shows contempt for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4087 | PSA | 107 | 40 | i78e | figs-explicit | 0 | the leaders | “the nobles.” This refers to the leaders who oppressed the people. Alternate translation: “the leaders who oppressed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4088 | PSA | 107 | 40 | b5e5 | 0 | where there are no roads | “where people never go” | ||
4089 | PSA | 107 | 41 | eaq2 | 0 | But he | “But Yahweh” | ||
4090 | PSA | 107 | 41 | a9fb | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the needy | This refers to needy people. Alternate translation: “needy people” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4091 | PSA | 107 | 41 | n1pw | figs-simile | 0 | cares for his families like a flock | Here David compares how Yahweh cares for his people to how a shepherd cares for his sheep. Possible meanings are (1) “makes the number of people in their families increase like flocks” or (2) “takes care of them like a shepherd cares for his sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4092 | PSA | 107 | 42 | j8l2 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | The upright | This refers to people who live in an upright way. Alternate translation: “Upright people” or “People who do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4093 | PSA | 107 | 42 | pa98 | figs-metonymy | 0 | all wickedness | Here wicked people are referred to as “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “all wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4094 | PSA | 107 | 42 | s6wb | figs-idiom | 0 | shuts its mouth | This means to not say anything in response. Alternate translation: “has nothing to say against Yahweh in reply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4095 | PSA | 107 | 43 | fk8h | figs-idiom | 0 | take note of these things | This means to think about these things. Alternate translation: “think about these things” or “remember these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4096 | PSA | 107 | 43 | u9kq | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | meditate on Yahweh’s acts of covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “meditate on the things that Yahweh has done that show that he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4097 | PSA | 108 | intro | vpj5 | 0 | Psalm 108 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 108 is a psalm of war. Special concepts in this chapterVictoryGod promised success to the psalmist, but Yahweh failed to help him conquer the country of Edom. He needed God to give him victory over Edom. | |||
4098 | PSA | 108 | 1 | lxd7 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4099 | PSA | 108 | 1 | c1mr | figs-synecdoche | 0 | My heart is fixed, God | Here David is referring to himself by his heart. Also, the word “fixed” means to trust completely. Alternate translation: “My heart is fixed on you, God” or “I am trusting completely in you, God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4100 | PSA | 108 | 1 | tuz7 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | I will sing praises also with my honored heart | Here David is represented by his “heart.” David refers to himself as having the honor of praising God. Alternate translation: “You honor me by allowing me to sing praises to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4101 | PSA | 108 | 2 | gl6h | figs-personification | 0 | Wake up, lute and harp | Here David describes playing his instruments as waking them up from sleep. Alternate translation: “I will praise you by playing the lute and the harp” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4102 | PSA | 108 | 2 | dnf4 | figs-personification | 0 | I will wake up the dawn | Here David is describing the dawn waking up like a person waking up in the morning. Alternate translation: “I will be praising you when the dawn comes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4103 | PSA | 108 | 2 | yj5i | 0 | dawn | when the sun rises | ||
4104 | PSA | 108 | 4 | ce4i | figs-parallelism | 0 | your covenant faithfulness is great above the heavens; and your trustworthiness reaches to the skies | These two phrases have similar meanings. They speak of the greatness of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were objects that were tall enough to reach up to the sky. The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “For your covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness are greater than the distance between heaven and earth” or “For you are more faithful to your covenant and more worthy of people trusting you than the sky is higher than the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4105 | PSA | 108 | 5 | y6qh | figs-metaphor | 0 | Be exalted, God, above the heavens | The psalmist is asking God to show that he is exalted. Being exalted above the heavens represents being great. Alternate translation: “God, show that you are exalted above the heavens” or “God, show that you are great in the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4106 | PSA | 108 | 5 | v9cz | figs-metonymy | 0 | may your glory be exalted | Here Yahweh is referred to by his “glory.” Alternate translation: “may you be exalted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4107 | PSA | 108 | 6 | ewv5 | figs-activepassive | 0 | So that those you love may be rescued | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Because those you love need rescuing” or “Rescue those you love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4108 | PSA | 108 | 6 | yda2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | with your right hand | Here Yahweh’s “right hand” refers to his power. Alternate translation: “by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4109 | PSA | 108 | 6 | m9rg | figs-metonymy | 0 | answer me | Answering here represents responding to his request. Alternate translation: “respond to my request” or “answer my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4110 | PSA | 108 | 7 | e11p | 0 | General Information: | This verse is the same as Psalms 60:6. | ||
4111 | PSA | 108 | 7 | j6ax | figs-metaphor | 0 | God has spoken in his holiness | Here David describes God speaking something because he is holy as speaking “in his holiness,” as if his holiness were something that he was physically inside of. Alternate translation: “God, because he is holy, has said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4112 | PSA | 108 | 7 | vkv8 | 0 | I will divide Shechem and apportion out the Valley of Succoth | Here God is speaking about dividing the land of Shechem and the Valley of Succoth. | ||
4113 | PSA | 108 | 7 | mr5j | 0 | apportion | to divide into portions | ||
4114 | PSA | 108 | 8 | tt4v | 0 | General Information: | This verse is the same as Psalms 60:7. | ||
4115 | PSA | 108 | 8 | acw8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Ephraim also is my helmet | God speaks of the tribe of Ephraim as if it were his army. The helmet symbolizes equipment for war. Alternate translation: “Ephraim is like a helmet I have chosen” or “The tribe of Ephraim is my army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4116 | PSA | 108 | 8 | sj9d | 0 | helmet | a hard hat that soldiers wear to protect their heads from injury | ||
4117 | PSA | 108 | 8 | yz46 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Judah is my scepter | God chose men from the tribe of Judah to be the kings of his people, and he speaks of that tribe as if it were his scepter. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Judah is like my scepter” or “Judah is the tribe through whom I rule my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4118 | PSA | 108 | 9 | db77 | 0 | General Information: | This verse is the same as Psalms 60:8. | ||
4119 | PSA | 108 | 9 | xz1w | figs-metaphor | 0 | Moab is my washbasin | God speaks of Moab being unimportant as if Moab were a washbasin or a lowly servant. Alternate translation: “Moab is like a bowl that I use for washing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4120 | PSA | 108 | 9 | n1ym | figs-metaphor | 0 | over Edom I will throw my shoe | God was probably speaking of taking ownership of Edom as if he were symbolically throwing his shoe onto that land to show that he owns it. However some versions have other interpretations. Alternate translation: “I take ownership of the land of Edom” or “I throw my shoe onto the land of Edom to show that it is mine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
4121 | PSA | 108 | 10 | ian9 | 0 | General Information: | This verse is the same as Psalms 60:9. | ||
4122 | PSA | 108 | 11 | f164 | 0 | General Information: | This verse is almost the same as Psalms 60:10. | ||
4123 | PSA | 108 | 11 | htl8 | figs-rquestion | 0 | God, have you not rejected us? | The psalmist uses this question to express his sadness that it seems that God has rejected them. Alternate translation: “It seems like you have rejected us!” or “God, you seem to have abandoned us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
4124 | PSA | 108 | 11 | mze2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | You do not go into battle with our army | The psalmist speaks of God helping their army as if God were to go and fight with them. Alternate translation: “you do not help our army when we go into battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4125 | PSA | 108 | 12 | h6li | 0 | General Information: | This verse is the same as Psalms 60:11. | ||
4126 | PSA | 108 | 12 | va87 | 0 | is futile | “is worthless” | ||
4127 | PSA | 108 | 13 | vs71 | 0 | General Information: | This verse is the same as Psalms 60:12. | ||
4128 | PSA | 108 | 13 | wk3a | 0 | will triumph | “will defeat our enemies” | ||
4129 | PSA | 108 | 13 | a18r | figs-metaphor | 0 | he will trample down our enemies | The psalmist speaks of God helping their army defeat their enemies as if God were to trample down the enemies. Alternate translation: “he will enable us to trample down our enemies” or “he will make us able to defeat our enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4130 | PSA | 109 | intro | r1w7 | 0 | Psalm 109 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 109 is a psalm of vengeance against an enemy who has lied about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]]) Special concepts in this chapterEnemies destroyedThis enemy lied about the psalmist. So he asked God to completely destroy his enemy and his enemy’s family. | |||
4131 | PSA | 109 | 1 | w5rb | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4132 | PSA | 109 | 1 | ka6w | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
4133 | PSA | 109 | 2 | tj2t | figs-nominaladj | 0 | For the wicked and deceitful | The words “wicked” and “deceitful” refer to people. They have similar meanings and emphasize how bad these people are. Alternate translation: “For wicked and deceitful men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
4134 | PSA | 109 | 4 | e77p | 0 | In return for my love | “Although I loved them” | ||
4135 | PSA | 109 | 4 | p5ny | 0 | my love | “my love for them” | ||
4136 | PSA | 109 | 4 | lek5 | figs-explicit | 0 | they accuse me | The word “they” refers to the people who are wicked and deceitful. You may need to make explicit that those who accuse the psalmist do so falsely. Alternate translation: “they accuse me falsely” or “they slander me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4137 | PSA | 109 | 6 | p353 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Appoint a wicked man…appoint an accuser | These two phrases are parallel and the phrases “a wicked man” and “an accuser” refer to the same person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4138 | PSA | 109 | 6 | axd7 | 0 | at his right hand | “at my enemy’s right hand” | ||
4139 | PSA | 109 | 7 | li65 | figs-activepassive | 0 | When he is judged, may he be found guilty | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When he is on trial, may the judge find him guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4140 | PSA | 109 | 7 | sfk3 | figs-activepassive | 0 | may his prayer be considered sinful | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “consider his prayer sinful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4141 | PSA | 109 | 8 | s7dn | figs-idiom | 0 | May his days be few | The phrase “his days” refers to the length of his life. Alternate translation: “May he not live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4142 | PSA | 109 | 8 | nt3y | 0 | his office | “his position of authority” | ||
4143 | PSA | 109 | 10 | d7fa | 0 | handouts | food or money given to beggars | ||
4144 | PSA | 109 | 10 | ba23 | 0 | their ruined home | “their destroyed homes” | ||
4145 | PSA | 109 | 11 | s52u | 0 | the creditor | someone who lends money to another person but expects that the person will pay the money back | ||
4146 | PSA | 109 | 11 | f7aq | 0 | plunder | steal by force | ||
4147 | PSA | 109 | 13 | i5qb | figs-parallelism | 0 | May his children be cut off; may their name be blotted out | These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize his children being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4148 | PSA | 109 | 13 | hn3g | figs-activepassive | 0 | May his children be cut off | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Cause his children to be cut off” or “Cause his children to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4149 | PSA | 109 | 13 | i4f9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | may their name be blotted out in the next generation | Here the idea of there being no one to carry on the family name is spoke of as “their name being blotted out.” Alternate translation: “may there be no one to carry on his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4150 | PSA | 109 | 14 | k5nj | figs-activepassive | 0 | May his ancestors’ sins be mentioned to Yahweh | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May you remember the sins of his ancestors, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4151 | PSA | 109 | 14 | hen7 | figs-activepassive | 0 | may the sin of his mother not be forgotten | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May you not forget the sins that his mother committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4152 | PSA | 109 | 15 | bg71 | figs-metaphor | 0 | May their guilt always be before Yahweh | Here David speaks about Yahweh thinking about their guilt as if their guilt is something physically present before him. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh continually think about their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4153 | PSA | 109 | 15 | g7c5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | may Yahweh cut off their memory from the earth | David uses the word “earth” to refer to all the people that live on the earth. Also, the phrase “their memory” refers to people remembering them after they have died. Alternate translation: “may Yahweh make it so that no one on earth remembers them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4154 | PSA | 109 | 16 | yx2x | figs-explicit | 0 | this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness | This refers to him showing covenant faithfulness to people. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness to people” or “this man never did anything to show that he was faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4155 | PSA | 109 | 16 | x4b8 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the oppressed, the needy | This refers to oppressed and needy people. Alternate translation: “oppressed people, needy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4156 | PSA | 109 | 16 | ju66 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the disheartened | This refers to people who are disheartened. Alternate translation: “disheartened people” or “people who have lost hope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4157 | PSA | 109 | 16 | qim3 | 0 | to death | “until they died.” This means that he harassed them until they died. | ||
4158 | PSA | 109 | 17 | va8l | 0 | may it come back upon him | “may his curses come upon him” | ||
4159 | PSA | 109 | 18 | msj4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | He clothed himself with cursing as his garment | David speaks of the wicked person’s behavior as if it were his clothing. Alternate translation: “He cursed other people as often as he wore clothing” or “He cursed people all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4160 | PSA | 109 | 18 | dq39 | 0 | as his garment | “as if they were his clothing” | ||
4161 | PSA | 109 | 18 | h86c | figs-metaphor | 0 | his curse came into his inner being like water, like oil into his bones | Possible meanings are: (1) He spoke curses so often that they became a part of his identity. “the curses that he speaks are part of who he is” or (2) the curse that he spoke happened to him. “his whole being was cursed by the curse he spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4162 | PSA | 109 | 18 | h7bb | figs-explicit | 0 | like water | This refers to how a person drinks water. Alternate translation: “like water a person drinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4163 | PSA | 109 | 18 | bkc9 | figs-explicit | 0 | like oil into his bones | This refers to how oil soaks into bones when rubbed on the skin. Alternate translation: “like olive oil soaks into a person’s bones when it is rubbed on his skin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4164 | PSA | 109 | 19 | u676 | figs-simile | 0 | May his curses be to him like the clothes he wears to cover himself | People wore their clothes everyday. David speaks of a wicked person always being cursed as if his curses always covered him as his clothing does. Alternate translation: “Let his curses be on him every day like the garment he wears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4165 | PSA | 109 | 19 | j7lw | figs-ellipsis | 0 | like the belt he always wears | The words “may his curses be to him” are understood from the previous phrase. They may be repeated here. Alternate translation: “may his curses be to him like the belt he always wears” or “and let his curses always be on him like the belt he always wears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
4166 | PSA | 109 | 20 | l5zl | 0 | May this be the reward | “May these curses be the reward” | ||
4167 | PSA | 109 | 21 | a7fj | figs-idiom | 0 | deal kindly with me | This is a request for Yahweh to treat him kindly. Alternate translation: “treat me kindly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4168 | PSA | 109 | 21 | zbn1 | 0 | your name’s sake | “the sake of your reputation” | ||
4169 | PSA | 109 | 21 | qx2e | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Because your covenant faithfulness is good | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because you are good and are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4170 | PSA | 109 | 22 | c385 | figs-doublet | 0 | oppressed and needy | These two words have similar meanings and emphasize that he is unable to help himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
4171 | PSA | 109 | 22 | b3t9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | my heart is wounded within me | Here David speaks of being in great despair as his heart being wounded. Alternate translation: “I am full of grief and despair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4172 | PSA | 109 | 23 | gx1w | figs-metaphor | 0 | I am fading away like the shadow…like a locust | David feels like he is going to die soon and describes this feeling by comparing himself to a fading shadow and to how the wind blows away locust. Alternate translation: “I feel like I am about to die, like an evening shadow that will soon disappear, like a locust is easily blown away by the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4173 | PSA | 109 | 24 | b9m1 | figs-explicit | 0 | My knees are weak | This means that he is weak and it is difficult for him to stand. Alternate translation: “I have difficulty standing” or “My body is weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4174 | PSA | 109 | 24 | v9cy | 0 | from fasting | “because I am not eating any food” | ||
4175 | PSA | 109 | 24 | i7xf | figs-idiom | 0 | I am turning to skin and bones | This means that he has lost a lot of weight. Alternate translation: “my body has become very thin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4176 | PSA | 109 | 25 | li9g | figs-activepassive | 0 | I am disdained by my accusers | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My accusers ridicule me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4177 | PSA | 109 | 25 | qvc7 | 0 | shake their heads | This is an act of disapproval. | ||
4178 | PSA | 109 | 26 | u86i | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | save me by your covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4179 | PSA | 109 | 27 | hv1a | 0 | May they know | The word “they” refers to David’s accusers and the people who say bad things about him. | ||
4180 | PSA | 109 | 27 | j58d | 0 | have done this | “have saved me” | ||
4181 | PSA | 109 | 28 | acp8 | 0 | Though they curse me | The word “they” refers to the people who accuse David and say bad things about him. | ||
4182 | PSA | 109 | 28 | ryv7 | figs-activepassive | 0 | may they be put to shame | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may they be ashamed” or “let them be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4183 | PSA | 109 | 28 | u9an | 0 | but may your servant rejoice | “but may I, your servant, rejoice” or “I am your servant, let me rejoice.” David uses the phrase “your servant” to refer to himself. | ||
4184 | PSA | 109 | 29 | mfp7 | figs-parallelism | 0 | May my adversaries be clothed…may they wear | These two phrase have them same meaning and are used together for emphasize how greatly he wishes for them to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4185 | PSA | 109 | 29 | qa66 | figs-metaphor | 0 | be clothed with shame | Here David speaks of them being ashamed as if were clothing they wore. Alternate translation: “be very ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4186 | PSA | 109 | 29 | xhb9 | figs-simile | 0 | may they wear their shame like a robe | David speaks of them being ashamed as if it were a robe that they wore. Alternate translation: “may their shame cover them just like their robe is wrapped around them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4187 | PSA | 109 | 30 | d8ig | figs-idiom | 0 | With my mouth I give | This means that he will speak. Alternate translation: “I will speak and give” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4188 | PSA | 109 | 31 | pa49 | figs-idiom | 0 | will stand at the right hand of the one who is needy | This means that he will help and defend the poor person. Alternate translation: “will defend the one who is needy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4189 | PSA | 110 | intro | h1ti | 0 | Psalm 110 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 110 is a psalm honoring the king as he becomes king and also a prophecy about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) Special concepts in this chapterKingThe king will be able to conquer his enemies. Christ is seen as both high priest and king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]]) | |||
4190 | PSA | 110 | 1 | u94e | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4191 | PSA | 110 | 1 | xte6 | figs-idiom | 0 | Sit at my right hand | The phrase “my right hand” refers to the place of honor. Alternate translation: “Sit at the place of honor which I have for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4192 | PSA | 110 | 1 | ke66 | figs-metaphor | 0 | make your enemies your footstool | Here David describes Yahweh placing his master’s enemies under his power and control as putting them under his feet like a footstool. Alternate translation: “put your enemies under your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4193 | PSA | 110 | 2 | m67u | 0 | General Information: | David continues speaking to the king. | ||
4194 | PSA | 110 | 2 | pjk3 | figs-explicit | 0 | Yahweh will hold out the scepter of your strength | Here David speaks of Yahweh extending the area that the king rules as holding out his scepter. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will extend the area over which you powerfully rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4195 | PSA | 110 | 2 | s6mj | 0 | rule among your enemies | “King, rule among your enemies.” This is spoken to the king as a command. | ||
4196 | PSA | 110 | 3 | v9sn | 0 | of their own free will | “by their own choice.” This means that they will chose to follow the king. | ||
4197 | PSA | 110 | 3 | m1bp | figs-explicit | 0 | on the day of your power | This refers to the day that the king will lead his armies into battle. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “on the day that you lead your armies into battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4198 | PSA | 110 | 3 | nr17 | figs-personification | 0 | from the womb of the dawn…like the dew | David describes the dew as a baby to whom the dawn gives birth. Alternate translation: “in the morning…like the dew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4199 | PSA | 110 | 3 | t8fr | figs-metaphor | 0 | from the womb of the dawn your youth will be to you like the dew | David is telling the king that he will have youthful strength each morning by comparing it to how the dew appears early each morning. Alternate translation: “each morning you will be filled with youthful strength to sustain you just like each morning the dew appears to water and sustain the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4200 | PSA | 110 | 4 | ng77 | 0 | You are | Yahweh is speaking to the lord, the one David calls “my master” in Psalms 110:1. | ||
4201 | PSA | 110 | 4 | c4te | figs-explicit | 0 | will not change | This means that he will not change what he has said. Alternate translation: “will not change his mind” or “will not change what he has said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4202 | PSA | 110 | 4 | qp9v | figs-ellipsis | 0 | after the manner of Melchizedek | The idea of being priest is understood from the previous phrase. It can be stated clearly here. Alternate translation: “after the manner that Melchizedek was priest” or “in the same way that Melchizedek was priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
4203 | PSA | 110 | 5 | icc3 | figs-idiom | 0 | The Lord is at your right hand | When the lord goes to battle, Yahweh stands at his right hand in order to help him. Alternate translation: “The Lord helps you in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4204 | PSA | 110 | 5 | e4t4 | 0 | The Lord | The word “Lord” refers to Yahweh. | ||
4205 | PSA | 110 | 5 | ij3w | figs-metonymy | 0 | He will kill | The word “He” refers to Yahweh. He will cause the kings to be defeated and die, but he will allow the king’s armies to kill the enemy kings. Alternate translation: “He will cause the kings to die” or “He will allow your armies to kill the kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4206 | PSA | 110 | 5 | d7kw | figs-explicit | 0 | kings | This refers to his enemies. Alternate translation: “enemy kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4207 | PSA | 110 | 5 | zlj4 | figs-explicit | 0 | on the day of his anger | Here David speaks of the day when Yahweh will become angry and defeat the kings as “the day of his anger.” Alternate translation: “on the day of judgment when his patience turns to anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4208 | PSA | 110 | 6 | zrf1 | figs-metonymy | 0 | he will fill the battlegrounds with dead bodies | This means that Yahweh will cause this to happen, not that he will personally kill all of the people who die on the battleground. Alternate translation: “he will cause the battlegrounds to be filled with death bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4209 | PSA | 110 | 6 | sc5q | figs-metonymy | 0 | he will kill the leaders in many countries | This means that Yahweh will cause this to happen, not that he will personally kill the leaders. Alternate translation: “he will cause the leaders in many countries to be killed” or “he will allow the leaders in many countries to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4210 | PSA | 110 | 7 | uw7e | figs-explicit | 0 | He will drink of the brook along the road | The king only stops briefly for a drink and then he continues the pursuit of his enemies. Alternate translation: “As he pursues his enemies, he will only stop to drink quickly from a brook” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4211 | PSA | 110 | 7 | mb7t | figs-synecdoche | 0 | of the brook | This means the he will drink water from the brook. A brook is a small stream. Alternate translation: “he will drink water from the brook” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4212 | PSA | 110 | 7 | hi2c | 0 | and then | “and so” or “therefore” | ||
4213 | PSA | 110 | 7 | qf91 | 0 | he will lift his head | Possible meanings are (1) the king lifts up his own head or (2) Yahweh lifts up the head of the king. | ||
4214 | PSA | 110 | 7 | c1xr | figs-idiom | 0 | he will lift his head up high after victory | People raised their heads when they are victorious, confident, and joyful. Alternate translation: “he will confidently lift his head after victory” or “he will be victorious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4215 | PSA | 111 | intro | mk5d | 0 | Psalm 111 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 111 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles and care. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s characterGod is great. He has given his people food and a land always keeps his promises to his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) | |||
4216 | PSA | 111 | 1 | gj78 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4217 | PSA | 111 | 1 | ydq8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | with my whole heart | Here the word “heart” represents the person’s entire inner being and emotions. Alternate translation: “with all that I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4218 | PSA | 111 | 1 | wk3i | figs-doublet | 0 | in the assembly of the upright, in their gathering | These two phrases mean that same thing and may be combined if necessary. Alternate translation: “in the gathering of upright people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
4219 | PSA | 111 | 2 | t1nm | figs-activepassive | 0 | eagerly awaited by all those who desire them | The word “them” refers to the “works of Yahweh.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all those who desire the works of Yahweh eagerly await them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4220 | PSA | 111 | 2 | hfu9 | 0 | eagerly awaited | Possible meanings are (1) “sought after” or (2) “studied.” | ||
4221 | PSA | 111 | 4 | iu4t | figs-activepassive | 0 | that will be remembered | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that people will always remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4222 | PSA | 111 | 5 | b5ar | figs-idiom | 0 | call to mind | This is an idiom that means to remember. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4223 | PSA | 111 | 6 | xr2m | 0 | his powerful works | “his works that demonstrated his power” | ||
4224 | PSA | 111 | 6 | v69n | figs-metaphor | 0 | the inheritance of the nations | The writer speaks of the land that belonged to the nations in Canaan as if it were their inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land that belonged to other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4225 | PSA | 111 | 7 | t14c | figs-synecdoche | 0 | The works of his hands | Here the word “hands” refers to Yahweh, himself. Alternate translation: “The works that he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4226 | PSA | 111 | 8 | aj31 | figs-activepassive | 0 | They are established forever | This means that Yahweh’s instructions are unchangeable and will last forever. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He has established them forever” or “They will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4227 | PSA | 111 | 8 | shk9 | figs-activepassive | 0 | to be observed faithfully and properly | Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh has given his instructions in a faithful and proper manner or (2) his people are to observe Yahweh’s instructions in a faithful and proper manner. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for his people to observe them faithfully and properly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4228 | PSA | 111 | 9 | e4zm | figs-metonymy | 0 | holy and awesome is his name | Here the word “name” refers to Yahweh, himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is holy and awesome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4229 | PSA | 111 | 10 | x95h | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the beginning of wisdom | The word “wisdom” can be translated as “wise.” Alternate translation: “the first step to becoming wise” or “the most important thing to become wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4230 | PSA | 111 | 10 | rv8i | 0 | those who carry out his instructions | “those who obey his instructions” | ||
4231 | PSA | 111 | 10 | vh6q | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | His praise endures forever | The word “praise” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “People will praise him forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4232 | PSA | 112 | intro | s165 | 0 | Psalm 112 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 112 is a wisdom psalm teaching the value of a righteous life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) Special concepts in this chapterRighteous peopleThe righteous people will be well-known for their generosity and they will not have to worry about bad news because God is taking care of them. | |||
4233 | PSA | 112 | 1 | m17p | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4234 | PSA | 112 | 1 | s1nc | 0 | greatly delights | “takes great pleasure” | ||
4235 | PSA | 112 | 2 | yd3e | figs-activepassive | 0 | the descendants of the godly man will be blessed | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless the descendants of the godly man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4236 | PSA | 112 | 3 | n3wd | 0 | General Information: | The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh. | ||
4237 | PSA | 112 | 3 | uu3p | figs-metonymy | 0 | Wealth and riches are in his house | Here the word “house” represents the family. The words “Wealth” and “riches” mean basically the same thing and indicate an abundance of wealth. Alternate translation: “His family is very wealthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
4238 | PSA | 112 | 4 | kw55 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Light shines in the darkness for the godly person | The writer speaks of God blessing the godly person in difficult times as if it were a light shining in darkness. Alternate translation: “The blessings that a godly person receives from God are like a light that shines in the darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4239 | PSA | 112 | 5 | q9qm | figs-ellipsis | 0 | lends money | The understood information can be made clear. Alternate translation: “lends his money to other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
4240 | PSA | 112 | 6 | p13c | 0 | General Information: | The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh. | ||
4241 | PSA | 112 | 6 | vvk4 | figs-activepassive | 0 | For he will never be moved | he will not be troubled or overwhelmed by circumstances for his trust is in Yahweh? This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For nothing will ever move him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4242 | PSA | 112 | 6 | d3ji | figs-activepassive | 0 | the righteous person will be remembered forever | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will remember the righteous person forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4243 | PSA | 112 | 8 | p92s | 0 | General Information: | The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh. | ||
4244 | PSA | 112 | 8 | b8q2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | His heart is tranquil | “His heart is supported.” Here the word “heart” refers to the person. Possible meanings are (1) “He is at peace” or (2) “He is confident” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4245 | PSA | 112 | 9 | yw9m | 0 | his righteousness endures forever | “his righteous deeds will endure forever.” See how you translated this in Psalms 112:3. | ||
4246 | PSA | 112 | 9 | d44a | figs-activepassive | 0 | he will be exalted with honor | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will exalt him by giving him honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4247 | PSA | 112 | 10 | rn5k | 0 | will see this | “will see that things go well for the godly person.” The word “this” refers to everything good that the writer has described in the previous verses about the godly person. | ||
4248 | PSA | 112 | 10 | c3ev | translate-symaction | 0 | he will grind his teeth in rage | The grinding of teeth is an expression of extreme anger. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 35:16. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
4249 | PSA | 112 | 10 | xx9c | figs-metaphor | 0 | melt away | The writer speaks of the wicked person’s eventual death as if that person were something, such as ice, that can melt. Alternate translation: “eventually die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4250 | PSA | 112 | 10 | ig26 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the desire of the wicked people will perish | Possible meanings of “desire” are (1) the emotional desire that wicked people have. Alternate translation: “the things that wicked people want to do will never happen” or (2) it is a metonym for the things that wicked people have desired. Alternate translation: “wicked people will lose the things that they desired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4251 | PSA | 113 | intro | p4uj | 0 | Psalm 113 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 113 is a psalm of praise to God for his goodness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s helpGod helps the poor and gives children to the wife who cannot conceive children. | |||
4252 | PSA | 113 | 1 | qx3m | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4253 | PSA | 113 | 1 | pvw9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the name of Yahweh | Here the word “name” represents Yahweh, himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4254 | PSA | 113 | 3 | fc3w | figs-merism | 0 | From the rising of the sun to its setting | This phrase refers to the directions east, where the sun rises, and west, where the sun sets. The writer uses these two extremes to represent everywhere on earth. See how you translated this in Psalms 50:1. Alternate translation: “Everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
4255 | PSA | 113 | 3 | l5e2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Yahweh’s name should be praised | Here the word “name” represents Yahweh, himself. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people should praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4256 | PSA | 113 | 4 | s2f9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | his glory reaches above the skies | The glory of God is spoken of as if it was very high. Alternate translation: “his glory is higher than the skies” or “his glory is enormously great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4257 | PSA | 113 | 5 | wih3 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Who is like Yahweh our God, who has his seat on high | This is the first part of a rhetorical question that the writer asks to emphasize that there is no one like Yahweh. It may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one like Yahweh our God, who has his seat on high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
4258 | PSA | 113 | 5 | q76s | 0 | who has his seat on high | “who is enthroned on high” or “who rules in the highest position” | ||
4259 | PSA | 113 | 6 | ig92 | figs-rquestion | 0 | who looks down at the sky and at the earth | This is the second part of a rhetorical question that the writer asks to emphasize that there is no one like Yahweh. It may be translated as a statement that begins a new sentence. Alternate translation: “There is no one like Yahweh our God, who looks down at the sky and at the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
4260 | PSA | 113 | 7 | d8bp | figs-parallelism | 0 | He raises up the poor…from the ash heap | These two phrases are parallel. The writer speaks of Yahweh helping and honoring people who are poor as if Yahweh caused them to stand up from sitting in dirt and ashes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4261 | PSA | 113 | 7 | rib6 | translate-symaction | 0 | out of the dirt…from the ash heap | Sitting in dirt and ashes represents either poverty or despair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
4262 | PSA | 113 | 8 | ztn3 | figs-parallelism | 0 | so that he may seat him with princes, with the princes of his people | Here the second phrase clarifies that the first phrase refers to the princes of Yahweh’s people. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh may seat him next to rulers of his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4263 | PSA | 113 | 9 | c3e3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | He gives a home to the barren woman of the house | Here “home” refers to the children that live in a home. Alternate translation: “He gives children to the woman who had none” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4264 | PSA | 114 | intro | vu9f | 0 | Psalm 114 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 114 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles in bringing the people of Israel to the promised land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) Special concepts in this chapterPraiseThe psalmist praised God for opening up the Red Sea for the people to cross, for providing the earthquake that stopped the Jordan River so the people could cross and providing water from a rock for the people to drink. | |||
4265 | PSA | 114 | 1 | eph8 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4266 | PSA | 114 | 1 | d4dj | figs-parallelism | 0 | When Israel left Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people who spoke a foreign language | These two lines are parallel, with “Israel” and “the house of Jacob” meaning the same thing and “Egypt” and “that foreign people” referring to the same people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4267 | PSA | 114 | 1 | trv6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the house of Jacob from a people who spoke a foreign language | The word “house” here represents the family or descendents. The verb may be supplied to this phrase. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jacob left people who spoke a language that the descendants of Jacob did not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
4268 | PSA | 114 | 2 | rxv7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Judah became his holy place, Israel his kingdom | Possible meanings for “Judah” and “Israel” are (1) they refer to the land. Alternate translation: “The land of Judah became Yahweh’s holy place, the land of Israel became his kingdom” or (2) they are metonyms for the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah became those among whom Yahweh lived, the people of Israel became those over whom he ruled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
4269 | PSA | 114 | 3 | pq6x | figs-personification | 0 | The sea looked and fled | The writer speaks of the Sea of Reeds as if it were a person who fled away as Yahweh led the people of Israel through on dry ground. Alternate translation: “It was as though the sea looked and fled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4270 | PSA | 114 | 3 | wht9 | figs-personification | 0 | the Jordan turned back | The writer speaks of the Jordan River as if it were a person who retreated as Yahweh led the people of Israel through on dry ground. Alternate translation: “it was as though the Jordan retreated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4271 | PSA | 114 | 4 | hr5q | figs-personification | 0 | The mountains skipped like rams, the hills skipped like lambs | The writer speaks of the mountains and hills as if they are alive. He is probably speaking of an earthquake when he describes their fear at the presence of Yahweh as if they were jumping like rams and lambs. Alternate translation: “It was as if the mountains shook like jumping rams and the hills shook like jumping lambs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4272 | PSA | 114 | 5 | a5rh | figs-rquestion | 0 | General Information: | Verses 5-6 contain four rhetorical questions. The expected answer to each question is found in verse 7, “because of the presence of the Lord.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
4273 | PSA | 114 | 6 | m256 | figs-personification | 0 | skip like rams…skip like lambs | The writer speaks of the mountains and hills as if they are alive. He is probably speaking of an earthquake when he describes their fear at the presence of Yahweh as if they were jumping like rams and lambs. See how you translated similar phrases in Psalms 114:4. Alternate translation: “shake like jumping rams…shake like jumping lambs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4274 | PSA | 114 | 7 | xi33 | figs-parallelism | 0 | Tremble, earth, before the Lord, at the presence of the God of Jacob | The last two phrases are parallel. The verb may be supplied in the second line. Alternate translation: “Tremble, earth, before the Lord, tremble at the presence of the God of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
4275 | PSA | 114 | 7 | k6tn | figs-personification | 0 | Tremble, earth | Possible meanings are (1) the writer is speaking to the earth as if it were a person and commands it to tremble with fear before God or (2) the word “earth” is a metonym for those who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “Tremble, everyone one earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4276 | PSA | 114 | 8 | u6n5 | figs-parallelism | 0 | He turned the rock into a pool of water, the hard rock into a spring of water | These two phrases are parallel. The writer describes Yahweh causing water to flow from the rock as if he turned the rock into water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4277 | PSA | 114 | 8 | ca4j | figs-ellipsis | 0 | the hard rock into a spring of water | The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “He turned the hard rock into a spring of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
4278 | PSA | 115 | intro | it4i | 0 | Psalm 115 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 115 is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s powerGod is in heaven and is able to do whatever he wants. Idols can not do anything. Therefore, people and priests should trust God for their protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) | |||
4279 | PSA | 115 | 1 | i2ig | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4280 | PSA | 115 | 1 | l7ze | figs-doublet | 0 | Not to us, Yahweh, not to us | The writer repeats the phrase “Not to us” in order to emphasize that they are not worthy to receive the honor that is due only to Yahweh. If necessary, a verbal phrase may be supplied here. Alternate translation: “Do not bring honor to us, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
4281 | PSA | 115 | 1 | a1ln | 0 | to us | The word “us” refers to the people of Israel. | ||
4282 | PSA | 115 | 1 | xrr8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | but to your name bring honor | Here the word “name” represents Yahweh, himself. Alternate translation: “but bring honor to yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4283 | PSA | 115 | 1 | ckd9 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4284 | PSA | 115 | 2 | frw2 | figs-rquestion | 0 | Why should the nations say, “Where is their God?” | This rhetorical question emphasizes that there should be no reason for the nations to say what they say. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The people of the nations should not be able to say, ‘Where is their God?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
4285 | PSA | 115 | 2 | ya4w | figs-rquestion | 0 | Where is their God? | The people of other nations use this question to mock the people of Israel and to express that they do not see Yahweh helping them. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your God is not here to help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
4286 | PSA | 115 | 4 | ums8 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | the work of men’s hands | Here the word “hands” represents the people who made the idols. Alternate translation: “things which men have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4287 | PSA | 115 | 5 | p4em | figs-explicit | 0 | Those idols have mouths | The idols do not have real mouths, eyes, ears, or noses. Rather, people made them with the likeness of mouths, eyes, ears, and noses. The writer is emphasizing that these idols are not really alive. You can make clear the implied information. Alternate translation: “People have given mouths to those idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4288 | PSA | 115 | 7 | n3bn | figs-explicit | 0 | Those idols have hands | The idols do not have real hands, feet, or mouths. Rather, people made them with the likeness of hands, feet, and mouths. The writer is emphasizing that these idols are not really alive. You can make this implicit information clear. Alternate translation: “People have given hands to those idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4289 | PSA | 115 | 7 | ak88 | 0 | but do not feel | “but those hands do not feel” | ||
4290 | PSA | 115 | 8 | x5i2 | figs-explicit | 0 | Those who make them are like them, as is everyone who trusts in them | Those who make and worship idols become lifeless and powerless, just like those idols. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who make them become lifeless like they are, as does everyone who trusts in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4291 | PSA | 115 | 9 | tqr6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Israel, trust in Yahweh | The word “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “People of Israel, trust in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4292 | PSA | 115 | 9 | l1tq | figs-metaphor | 0 | your help and shield | The writer speaks of Yahweh as if he were a shield because he protects his people as a shield would protect them from harm. Alternate translation: “the one who helps you and protects you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4293 | PSA | 115 | 10 | fa9s | figs-metonymy | 0 | House of Aaron | Here the word “House” represents the family or descendants. This phrase refers to the priests, who were descendants of Aaron. Alternate translation: “Descendants of Aaron” or “Priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4294 | PSA | 115 | 12 | sbd2 | 0 | takes notice of us | “has paid attention to us” | ||
4295 | PSA | 115 | 12 | bns5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the family of Israel | This refers to the people of Israel, who are descendants of Jacob, who also called Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4296 | PSA | 115 | 12 | bu8h | figs-metonymy | 0 | the family of Aaron | This refers to the priests, who are descendants of Aaron. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Aaron” or “the priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4297 | PSA | 115 | 13 | j4vy | figs-merism | 0 | both young and old | “both small and great.” Possible meanings are that this refers (1) to social status or (2) to age. In either case, the two extremes represent every person, regardless of age or social status. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
4298 | PSA | 115 | 14 | fg71 | figs-explicit | 0 | May Yahweh increase your numbers more and more | The writer is speaking of the number of children that the people of Israel would have. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh increase the number of your children more and more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4299 | PSA | 115 | 14 | ezp4 | 0 | yours and your descendants’ | “both your children and your descendants’ children.” The writer clarifies that his request for more children applies not only to the present generation, but to their descendants, as well. | ||
4300 | PSA | 115 | 15 | psd5 | figs-activepassive | 0 | May you be blessed by Yahweh, who made heaven and earth | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh, who made heaven and earth, bless you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4301 | PSA | 115 | 16 | qu64 | 0 | the earth he has given to mankind | This does not mean that the earth does not belong to Yahweh, but that has given the earth to mankind as a dwelling place. | ||
4302 | PSA | 115 | 17 | n4er | figs-nominaladj | 0 | The dead | The adjective “dead” may be translated with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “People who are dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4303 | PSA | 115 | 17 | m2zu | figs-ellipsis | 0 | nor do any who go down into silence | This parallel phrase has a similar meaning to phrase before it. The verb may be supplied from that previous phrase to make the meaning clear. Alternate translation: “nor do any who go down into silence praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4304 | PSA | 115 | 17 | hd34 | figs-metaphor | 0 | nor do any who go down into silence | The writer speaks of the grave or the place of the dead as a place of silence where no one can speak. This is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “nor do any who go to the place of the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
4305 | PSA | 115 | 18 | m43y | 0 | But we | The word “we” refers to the people of Israel who are still alive. | ||
4306 | PSA | 116 | intro | r7gl | 0 | Psalm 116 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 116 is a psalm of praise for saving the psalmist’s life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) Special concepts in this chapterHealingThe author was very sick and expected to die but God healed him. So he will pay his vow and sacrifice an offering of thanks. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]]) | |||
4307 | PSA | 116 | 1 | y25k | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4308 | PSA | 116 | 1 | w8ar | figs-synecdoche | 0 | he hears my voice and my pleas for mercy | Here the word “voice” represents the person who is speaking. The abstract nouns “pleas” and “mercy” can be stated as “plead” and “merciful.” Alternate translation: “he hears me when I plead for him to be merciful to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4309 | PSA | 116 | 3 | vib3 | 0 | General Information: | The person who composed this psalm continues to speak. | ||
4310 | PSA | 116 | 3 | mte5 | figs-personification | 0 | The cords of death surrounded me | The writer speaks of death as if it were a person who could capture him and bind him with ropes. See how you translated this in Psalms 18:4. Alternate translation: “I felt like I was about to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4311 | PSA | 116 | 3 | w8sp | figs-personification | 0 | the snares of Sheol confronted me | The writer speaks of “Sheol,” the place of the dead, as if it were a person who could trap him with snares. Alternate translation: “I felt as if I were ready to enter the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4312 | PSA | 116 | 4 | sp5a | figs-metonymy | 0 | called on the name of Yahweh | Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “called out to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4313 | PSA | 116 | 4 | uq14 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | rescue my life | Here the word “life” represents the person. Alternate translation: “rescue me” or “keep me from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4314 | PSA | 116 | 5 | u5i7 | 0 | General Information: | The person who made this song continues to speak. | ||
4315 | PSA | 116 | 6 | wd2c | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the naive | This refers to people who are inexperienced or who cannot care for themselves. The adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “those who are naive” or “those who are helpless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4316 | PSA | 116 | 6 | ll37 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I was brought low | The writer speaks of being humbled as in being in a lower position. Alternate translation: “I was helpless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4317 | PSA | 116 | 7 | xns9 | 0 | General Information: | The person who composed this psalm continues to speak. | ||
4318 | PSA | 116 | 7 | sc4h | figs-metaphor | 0 | My soul can return to its resting place | The writer speaks of having peace and confidence as if it were a place where his soul can rest. The word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “I can rest in peace again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4319 | PSA | 116 | 8 | x6na | figs-metonymy | 0 | you rescued my life from death | Here the word “you” refers to Yahweh. The word “life” represents the person. Alternate translation: “you have saved me from death” or “you have kept me from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4320 | PSA | 116 | 8 | i9p2 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | my eyes from tears | The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase to make the meaning clear. Alternate translation: “you have rescued my eyes from tears” or “you have kept me from crying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
4321 | PSA | 116 | 8 | b6lj | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my feet from stumbling | The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase to make the meaning clear. The feet here represent the person. Stumbling here probably represents being killed by his enemies. Alternate translation: “you have rescued me from stumbling” or “you have kept me from being killed by my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
4322 | PSA | 116 | 9 | rz6b | 0 | General Information: | The person who composed this psalm continues to speak. | ||
4323 | PSA | 116 | 9 | nz3e | 0 | in the land of the living | “in this world where people are alive.” This is in contrast to the place of the dead. | ||
4324 | PSA | 116 | 10 | v8l2 | figs-activepassive | 0 | I am greatly afflicted | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I suffer greatly” or “People afflict me very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4325 | PSA | 116 | 11 | i5hw | 0 | In my confusion I said | “I said too quickly” or “I said without considering” | ||
4326 | PSA | 116 | 11 | m4td | 0 | All men are liars | “Every person is a liar” or “All people are liars” | ||
4327 | PSA | 116 | 12 | e1wh | 0 | General Information: | The person who made this song continues to speak. | ||
4328 | PSA | 116 | 12 | vxb4 | figs-rquestion | 0 | How can I repay Yahweh…to me? | The writer asks this leading question to introduce how he will respond to what Yahweh has done for him. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is how I will repay Yahweh…to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
4329 | PSA | 116 | 13 | s8vs | figs-explicit | 0 | I will raise the cup of salvation | This is probably a reference to a drink offering, which was a sacrifice that involved pouring wine on the altar, and which the writer will offer in response to Yahweh saving him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will present a drink offering to Yahweh because he saved me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4330 | PSA | 116 | 13 | fa8n | figs-metonymy | 0 | call on the name of Yahweh | Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “call on Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4331 | PSA | 116 | 15 | brj4 | figs-explicit | 0 | Precious in the sight of Yahweh is the death of his faithful ones | The word “Precious” here does not imply that Yahweh values the death of his saints, but that the death of his saints is costly to him and grieves him. Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh considers the death of his saints to be a costly thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4332 | PSA | 116 | 16 | gx5d | 0 | General Information: | The person who composed this psalm continues to speak. | ||
4333 | PSA | 116 | 16 | xp66 | figs-explicit | 0 | the son of your servant woman | This is likely a reference to the writer’s mother and indicates that she faithfully worshiped Yahweh. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “as my mother was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4334 | PSA | 116 | 16 | r6jc | figs-metaphor | 0 | you have taken away my bonds | The writer speaks of being in danger of dying as if he had been chained in prison. Alternate translation: “you have saved me from death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4335 | PSA | 116 | 17 | nqi1 | 0 | the sacrifice of thanksgiving | “a sacrifice to express my thankfulness” | ||
4336 | PSA | 116 | 17 | qr1l | figs-metonymy | 0 | will call on the name of Yahweh | Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “will call on Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4337 | PSA | 116 | 18 | tj19 | 0 | General Information: | The person who made this song continues to speak. | ||
4338 | PSA | 116 | 18 | ttr5 | 0 | I will fulfill…all his people | See how you translated Psalms 116:14. | ||
4339 | PSA | 116 | 19 | u16b | figs-metonymy | 0 | in the courts of Yahweh’s house | The word “house” refers to Yahweh’s temple. Alternate translation: “in the courtyards of Yahweh’s temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4340 | PSA | 116 | 19 | hv6v | figs-personification | 0 | in your midst, Jerusalem | The writer speaks to Jerusalem as though it were a person. Alternate translation: “in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) | |
4341 | PSA | 117 | intro | kfu1 | 0 | Psalm 117 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 117 is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapterPraiseEveryone should praise God for his love and unending faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) | |||
4342 | PSA | 117 | 1 | wmd2 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4343 | PSA | 117 | 2 | ce43 | 0 | For his | “Because his” | ||
4344 | PSA | 117 | 2 | t4z5 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | his covenant faithfulness is great toward us | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he does great things for us because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4345 | PSA | 117 | 2 | uht9 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | the trustworthiness of Yahweh endures forever | The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be translated with an adjective or a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “Yahweh remains trustworthy forever” or “Yahweh will forever be worthy of people trusting him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4346 | PSA | 118 | intro | z9au | 0 | Psalm 118 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 118 is a psalm of war and is about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) Special concepts in this chapterRejected stoneThe author praised Yahweh for his rescuing him. God enabled him to overpower his enemies. The new Testament, and even Jesus himself, saw the rejected stone as a reference to the Messiah’s rejection by the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) | |||
4347 | PSA | 118 | 1 | g414 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4348 | PSA | 118 | 1 | af6g | 0 | Give thanks to Yahweh, for he is good | “Thank Yahweh because of the good things he does” | ||
4349 | PSA | 118 | 1 | qcw2 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | his covenant faithfulness endures forever | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4350 | PSA | 118 | 2 | zs4m | figs-metonymy | 0 | Let Israel say | The word “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Let the people of Israel say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4351 | PSA | 118 | 3 | cy9b | figs-metonymy | 0 | Let the house of Aaron say | Here the word “house” represents the family and descendants of a person. This phrase refers to the priests, who were descendants of Aaron. Alternate translation: “Let the descendants of Aaron say” or “Let the priests say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4352 | PSA | 118 | 3 | iu6a | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | His covenant faithfulness endures forever | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in Psalms 118:1-2. Alternate translation: “He remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4353 | PSA | 118 | 4 | e43s | 0 | the loyal followers of Yahweh | “those who fear Yahweh” or “those who worship Yahweh” | ||
4354 | PSA | 118 | 5 | j39j | figs-metaphor | 0 | set me free | The writer speaks of Yahweh saving him from distress as if Yahweh had taken him from a place of confinement to a wide open space where he could move about freely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4355 | PSA | 118 | 6 | eux4 | figs-rquestion | 0 | what can man do to me? | The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is nothing that man can do to hurt him since Yahweh is with him. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “people cannot do anything to harm me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
4356 | PSA | 118 | 7 | j4le | figs-idiom | 0 | Yahweh is on my side as my helper | To be on one’s side is an idiomatic expression that indicates that that person approves of and will help another. Alternate translation: “Yahweh approves of me and will help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4357 | PSA | 118 | 7 | k4dj | figs-explicit | 0 | I will look in triumph on those who hate me | It is implied that Yahweh is the one who will defeat the writer’s enemies, while the writer looks on. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “I will see Yahweh defeating all those who hate me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4358 | PSA | 118 | 8 | c7t1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | to take shelter in Yahweh | God is spoken of as if he were a shelter, a place where people can be protected. Alternate translation: “to seek protection from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4359 | PSA | 118 | 9 | rm2b | figs-metaphor | 0 | to take refuge in Yahweh | This verse is parallel to the one preceding it. God is spoken of as if he were a refuge, a place where people can be protected. Alternate translation: “to seek protection from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4360 | PSA | 118 | 10 | f41h | figs-metonymy | 0 | All the nations | Here the word “nations” represents the armies of those nations. The writer uses hyperbole to emphasize the great number of armies that surrounded him. Alternate translation: “The armies of many nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
4361 | PSA | 118 | 10 | hvq8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | in Yahweh’s name | Here the word “name” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “by Yahweh’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4362 | PSA | 118 | 10 | tc44 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I cut them off | The writer speaks of defeating the enemy armies as if he were cutting them off like a person would cut a branch off of a plant. Alternate translation: “I defeated them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4363 | PSA | 118 | 12 | j3q1 | figs-simile | 0 | They surrounded me like bees | The writer compares the enemy armies to a swarm of bees. Alternate translation: “They surrounded me like a swarm of bees would surround a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4364 | PSA | 118 | 12 | j2cs | figs-simile | 0 | they disappeared as quickly as fire among thorns | Just like dry thorns burn out quickly, the attack of the enemy armies was quickly over. Alternate translation: “their attack lasted only a short time, as a fire that consumes thorns quickly dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4365 | PSA | 118 | 13 | y5sd | figs-metaphor | 0 | to knock me down | The writer speaks of the enemy armies trying to defeat him as if they were trying to push him down onto the ground. Alternate translation: “in order to defeat me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4366 | PSA | 118 | 14 | r27j | 0 | Yahweh is my strength and joy | “Yahweh gives me strength and joy” | ||
4367 | PSA | 118 | 15 | y8x1 | figs-activepassive | 0 | The joyful shout of victory is heard in the tents of the righteous | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People hear the joyful shout of victory in the tents of the righteous” or “The righteous shout joyfully for victory in their tents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4368 | PSA | 118 | 15 | yq3x | figs-metonymy | 0 | the right hand of Yahweh conquers | Here the word “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has conquered by his great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4369 | PSA | 118 | 16 | p8gg | translate-symaction | 0 | The right hand of Yahweh is exalted | Here, to raise one’s hand is a gesture of victory. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has exalted his right hand” or “Yahweh has raised his right hand in victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4370 | PSA | 118 | 17 | t6ql | figs-doublet | 0 | I will not die, but live | The writer states the same idea both negatively and positively to emphasize that he will certainly live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
4371 | PSA | 118 | 18 | ta77 | 0 | Yahweh has punished me | “Yahweh has disciplined me” | ||
4372 | PSA | 118 | 18 | f92a | figs-personification | 0 | he has not handed me over to death | The writer speaks of death as if it were a person under whose power Yahweh could place the writer. Alternate translation: “he has not allowed me to die” or “he has not allowed my enemies to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4373 | PSA | 118 | 19 | h3z5 | figs-explicit | 0 | Open to me the gates of righteousness | “Open to me the gates through which the righteous people enter.” This is a reference to the gates of the temple, and the writer is addressing the gatekeepers. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Open for me the temple gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4374 | PSA | 118 | 20 | auq4 | 0 | the gate of Yahweh | “the gate that leads to Yahweh’s presence” or “Yahweh’s gate” | ||
4375 | PSA | 118 | 21 | u256 | 0 | I will give thanks to you | Here the writer begins to speak to Yahweh. | ||
4376 | PSA | 118 | 21 | dqj9 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | you have become my salvation | The word “salvation” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “you have saved me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4377 | PSA | 118 | 22 | kk3n | writing-proverbs | 0 | The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone | This is likely a proverb that the writer has used to describe either the king or the nation of Israel. That which others have considered worthless, Yahweh has made to be the most important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) | |
4378 | PSA | 118 | 23 | ta5n | figs-idiom | 0 | it is marvelous in our eyes | Possible meanings are (1) “it is a marvelous thing for us to see” or (2) “we consider it to be a marvelous thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4379 | PSA | 118 | 24 | k6jd | figs-doublet | 0 | rejoice and be glad | These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. Alternate translation: “be very glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
4380 | PSA | 118 | 26 | wj3i | 0 | Blessed is he who comes in the name of Yahweh | Here the priests begin to address the king. | ||
4381 | PSA | 118 | 26 | iq2u | figs-metonymy | 0 | he who comes in the name of Yahweh | Here the word “name” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “the one who comes in the power of the Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4382 | PSA | 118 | 26 | eh79 | 0 | we bless you from the house of Yahweh | Here the priests address the people. | ||
4383 | PSA | 118 | 26 | lp9e | figs-metonymy | 0 | the house of Yahweh | The word “house” refers to the temple. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4384 | PSA | 118 | 27 | l5mq | figs-metaphor | 0 | he has given us light | The writer speaks of Yahweh blessing his people as if Yahweh were shining a light on them. Alternate translation: “he has blessed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4385 | PSA | 118 | 27 | r4wh | 0 | bind the sacrifice with cords | “tie the sacrifice with rope” | ||
4386 | PSA | 118 | 28 | rb4j | 0 | You are my God | Here the writer begins to speak again and addresses Yahweh directly. | ||
4387 | PSA | 118 | 29 | b2wp | figs-exclamations | 0 | Oh | This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
4388 | PSA | 118 | 29 | vx5j | 0 | give thanks to Yahweh; for he is good | “thank Yahweh because of the good things he does.” See how you translated this in Psalms 118:1. | ||
4389 | PSA | 118 | 29 | k1qj | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | his covenant faithfulness endures forever | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in Psalms 118:1-2. Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4390 | PSA | 119 | intro | yf89 | 0 | Psalm 119 General NotesFormatting in this chapterThis is an alphabetic psalm with twenty-two groups of eight verses each all beginning with the same letter of the alphabet in the alphabetical order of the Hebrew alphabet. Type of psalmPsalm 119 is a wisdom psalm about the Law of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) Special concepts in this chapterThe LawThe author loved the law of God and was blessed by obeying it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) | |||
4391 | PSA | 119 | 1 | ipj6 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4392 | PSA | 119 | 1 | r86i | 0 | Blessed are those | “How good it is for those” | ||
4393 | PSA | 119 | 1 | a56q | figs-metaphor | 0 | those whose ways are blameless | How a person behaves is spoken of as “ways” or “paths.” Alternate translation: “those whose behavior is blameless” or “those whom no one can blame for doing wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4394 | PSA | 119 | 1 | sjt3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | who walk in the law of Yahweh | The way a person lives or behaves is spoken of as walking. Alternate translation: “who live according to the law of Yahweh” or “who obey the law of Yahweh.” This phrase clarifies the meaning of “whose ways are blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4395 | PSA | 119 | 2 | wxv2 | 0 | who seek him with all their heart | To “seek” God means to want to know him. | ||
4396 | PSA | 119 | 2 | r3jr | figs-idiom | 0 | with all their heart | This is an idiom which means intensely or sincerely. Alternate translation: “with all their being” or “with everything in them” or “sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4397 | PSA | 119 | 3 | c892 | 0 | General Information: | Most of this psalm is addressed to God, and the words “you” and “your” almost always refer to him. | ||
4398 | PSA | 119 | 3 | f4is | 0 | They do no wrong | They do not disobey Yahweh. | ||
4399 | PSA | 119 | 3 | rps7 | 0 | they walk in his ways | “they walk in Yahweh’s ways.” Here their behavior is spoken of as “walking,” and the way God wants them to behave is spoken of as “his ways.” Alternate translation: “they behave as Yahweh wants them to” | ||
4400 | PSA | 119 | 4 | a6ze | 0 | keep your instructions | “obey all the things that you have declared that we should do” | ||
4401 | PSA | 119 | 4 | w8v4 | 0 | carefully observe them | This is to carefully know and understand the commandments and to obey those commandments. | ||
4402 | PSA | 119 | 5 | gu12 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I would be firmly established | The writer speaks of being established in God’s commandments as if no one could physically make him move. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4403 | PSA | 119 | 5 | eqk4 | 0 | observance of your statutes | “in obeying your statutes” | ||
4404 | PSA | 119 | 6 | v2e6 | 0 | I would not be put to shame | The writer does not want to be ashamed when he is in God’s presence. | ||
4405 | PSA | 119 | 6 | ecl7 | 0 | all your commandments | “all that you have commanded us” | ||
4406 | PSA | 119 | 7 | hd5j | figs-idiom | 0 | an upright heart | “a sincere heart.” A person who is sincere will do what is right. The heart refers to the center of emotions in a person. See how you translated “uprightness” in Psalms 25:21. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4407 | PSA | 119 | 8 | v49a | 0 | your statutes | “Statutes” refers to God’s laws or commands. | ||
4408 | PSA | 119 | 9 | lp29 | figs-rquestion | 0 | How can a young person keep his path pure? | This question is used to introduce a new value to the word of God. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is how a young person can keep his path pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
4409 | PSA | 119 | 9 | gm1y | figs-metaphor | 0 | keep his path pure | The writer compares living according to God’s law as a path kept clear of obstructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4410 | PSA | 119 | 10 | h5t8 | figs-idiom | 0 | With my whole heart | This is an idiom. The heart refers to all of one’s emotions, feelings, desires, and will. Alternate translation: “with all my being” or “with everything in me” or “sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4411 | PSA | 119 | 10 | kqg2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Do not let me stray from your commandments | Here to disobey God’s commandments is described as straying off a path. Alternate translation: “Do not let me disobey your commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4412 | PSA | 119 | 11 | f3ke | figs-metaphor | 0 | I have stored up your word in my heart | “I have put your words in my heart.” This is a metaphor that means “I have memorized your word.” The heart is pictured as a container that can hold what people think. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4413 | PSA | 119 | 14 | ktv7 | 0 | more than in all riches | “more than all the wealth” | ||
4414 | PSA | 119 | 15 | e5hd | figs-parallelism | 0 | I will meditate…and pay attention | These are parallel thoughts that have similar meanings, which are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4415 | PSA | 119 | 15 | v9ru | 0 | meditate on your instructions | “think carefully about what you have instructed us” | ||
4416 | PSA | 119 | 15 | rb5a | figs-idiom | 0 | pay attention | This idiom refers to thinking clearly about what is being discussed. Alternate translation: “give careful thought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4417 | PSA | 119 | 16 | il7r | 0 | I delight | to take pleasure | ||
4418 | PSA | 119 | 17 | fr7n | 0 | your servant | The writer called himself “your servant” to show his humility. | ||
4419 | PSA | 119 | 18 | jpj2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Open my eyes so that I may see | The author speaks of gaining understanding, knowledge and wisdom as being able to see. Alternate translation: Help me to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4420 | PSA | 119 | 18 | d25d | figs-metaphor | 0 | marvelous things in your law | The author speaks of insight into the law as objects to marvel at. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4421 | PSA | 119 | 18 | a35a | 0 | in your law | “in your instructions” or “in your commands” | ||
4422 | PSA | 119 | 19 | att5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I am a foreigner in the land | Possible meanings are (1) the writers speaks of his short life on earth as if he were a foreigner who would not stay long in the land. Alternate translation: “I am like a foreigner living a short time in the land” or (2) the writer’s ignorance of God’s law as if he were a foreigner who did not know the laws of the land. Alternate translation: “I am ignorant like a foreigner in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4423 | PSA | 119 | 20 | y84c | figs-metaphor | 0 | My desires are crushed by the longing | The writer speaks of his desires being very strong as if they were in pain. Alternate translation: “My inner being strongly desires to know” or “My soul aches because I want so much to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4424 | PSA | 119 | 21 | r8y6 | 0 | who are cursed | Possible meanings are that (1) God will curse them or (2) they deserve God’s punishment. Alternate translation: “who deserve your punishment” | ||
4425 | PSA | 119 | 21 | k8t4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | who wander from your commandments | The writer speaks of disobeying God’s commandments as if they were a path that can be wandered off from. Alternate translation: “who go away from the path of your commandments” or “who disobey your commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4426 | PSA | 119 | 22 | nqp7 | 0 | Spare me from | “Keep me from” or “Rescue me from” | ||
4427 | PSA | 119 | 23 | z9ci | 0 | Though rulers plot and slander me | “Though rulers make plans to harm me and say bad things about me” | ||
4428 | PSA | 119 | 24 | pb1g | 0 | Your covenant decrees are my delight | “Your covenant decrees make me very happy.” | ||
4429 | PSA | 119 | 24 | rta6 | figs-personification | 0 | they are my counselors | God’s decrees are spoken of as if they were people. Alternate translation: “they are like wise counselors to me” or “they give me wise counsel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4430 | PSA | 119 | 25 | v3c7 | figs-idiom | 0 | My life clings to the dust | This is an idiom. Possible meanings are that (1) he thought that he would die soon, or (2) he lay in the dust because he was very sad, or (3) he realized that he desired the worthless things of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4431 | PSA | 119 | 25 | cn62 | figs-idiom | 0 | Give me life by your word | This is an idiom. Here “life” refers to purpose and significance, not just biological life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4432 | PSA | 119 | 25 | ks95 | 0 | by your word | “according to your promise” | ||
4433 | PSA | 119 | 26 | u8j6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | my ways | What a person does or how he behaves is spoken of as if it were a road or way. Alternate translation: “what I have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4434 | PSA | 119 | 27 | x7qh | 0 | wondrous teachings | “amazing teachings” | ||
4435 | PSA | 119 | 28 | n45q | 0 | with grief | “because I am so sad” | ||
4436 | PSA | 119 | 28 | n4h6 | 0 | Strengthen me | “Make me strong.” This may refer to physical strength or spiritual strength. | ||
4437 | PSA | 119 | 29 | n1pn | figs-metaphor | 0 | Turn from me the path of deceit | The word “path” here refers to a way of behaving. Alternate translation: “Keep me from following the path of deceit” or “Prevent me from being deceptive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4438 | PSA | 119 | 29 | p23d | 0 | deceit | Possible meanings are (1) “lying” or (2) “believing lies” or “following lies.” | ||
4439 | PSA | 119 | 30 | u8gw | figs-metaphor | 0 | the way of faithfulness | How a person behaves or acts is spoken as if it were a road or way. Alternate translation: “to be faithful to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4440 | PSA | 119 | 31 | hf1b | figs-metaphor | 0 | I cling to your covenant decrees | Holding tightly to them refers to being committed to obeying them. Alternate translation: “I hold tightly to your covenant decrees” or “I am committed to obeying your covenant decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4441 | PSA | 119 | 31 | zc7g | 0 | covenant decrees | This refers to the law of Moses. | ||
4442 | PSA | 119 | 32 | zq4i | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will run in the path of your commandments | The writer speaks of being focused or committed to obeying God’s commands as if one is running on a path. Alternate translation: “I will be committed to obey your commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4443 | PSA | 119 | 32 | fzh3 | figs-idiom | 0 | you enlarge my heart | This is an idiom. Possible meanings are (1) “you help me gain greater understanding of your commands” or (2) “you give me greater desire to obey your commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4444 | PSA | 119 | 33 | eg16 | 0 | your statutes | This is another way of describing the law of Moses. | ||
4445 | PSA | 119 | 33 | j4dt | 0 | to the end | Possible meanings are (1) “completely” or (2) “to the end of my life” or (3) “to the end of time.” | ||
4446 | PSA | 119 | 34 | uwv4 | 0 | keep your law | “obey your law” | ||
4447 | PSA | 119 | 34 | r2ux | 0 | I will observe it with all my heart | “I will surely observe your law” or “I am completely committed to doing what it says” | ||
4448 | PSA | 119 | 34 | ij5y | figs-idiom | 0 | with all my heart | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “with all my being” or “with everything in me” or “sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4449 | PSA | 119 | 35 | bh21 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Guide me in the path of your commandments | “Guide me according to your commandments” or “Teach me to obey your commandments.” God’s commandments are compared to a path that a person walks in obedience to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4450 | PSA | 119 | 36 | uc28 | figs-idiom | 0 | Direct my heart toward | This is an idiom. The “heart” here refers to the will, desires, and choices that directs one’s life. Alternate translation: “Make me want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4451 | PSA | 119 | 36 | vct5 | 0 | your covenant decrees | “to obey your covenant decrees.” This is referring to obeying the law of Moses. | ||
4452 | PSA | 119 | 36 | ah76 | 0 | unrighteous gain | “the desire for riches.” This is referring to wealth gained by illegal methods or wrongdoing towards others. | ||
4453 | PSA | 119 | 37 | t9za | figs-metaphor | 0 | Turn my eyes from looking at worthless things | This is a metaphor that refers to one desiring things that have no eternal value. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4454 | PSA | 119 | 37 | vdd9 | 0 | revive me in your ways | “make me able to live as you wish me to live” | ||
4455 | PSA | 119 | 37 | xeu1 | 0 | revive me | “make my life strong” or “give me strength” | ||
4456 | PSA | 119 | 38 | yk2j | 0 | Carry out for your servant your promise that you made to those who honor you | “Do for your servant what you promised to do for those who honor you” | ||
4457 | PSA | 119 | 38 | x2tw | figs-explicit | 0 | your servant | The writer referred to himself as God’s servant to show his humility. Alternate translation: “me, your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4458 | PSA | 119 | 39 | yau8 | 0 | I dread | “I am very afraid of” | ||
4459 | PSA | 119 | 39 | mk9g | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | your righteous judgments are good | God judges rightly and his decisions are good. Alternate translation: “Your judgments are righteous and good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4460 | PSA | 119 | 40 | yl75 | 0 | See | This refers to being aware of the situation. The focus is on knowledge or understanding, rather than just observing. | ||
4461 | PSA | 119 | 40 | d8v4 | 0 | I have longed for your instructions | Possible meanings are (1) “I want very much to know your instructions” or (2) “I want very much to obey what you teach us to do.” | ||
4462 | PSA | 119 | 40 | pr5m | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | revive me in your righteousness | The word “righteousness” is an abstract noun and refers to being righteous. Alternate translation: “revive me because you are righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4463 | PSA | 119 | 40 | ci53 | 0 | revive me | Possible meanings are (1) “Keep me alive” or (2) “Make me strong.” | ||
4464 | PSA | 119 | 41 | fa7w | figs-ellipsis | 0 | your salvation | You may make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “give me your salvation” or “save me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
4465 | PSA | 119 | 42 | vms5 | 0 | a reply | “an answer” or “a response” | ||
4466 | PSA | 119 | 43 | j9dg | 0 | Do not take the word of truth from my mouth | Here the writer is represented by his “mouth.” Possible meanings are (1) “never prevent me from speaking the message about the truth” or (2) “never prevent me from speaking the true message.” | ||
4467 | PSA | 119 | 44 | mp4n | 0 | I will observe | “I will obey” | ||
4468 | PSA | 119 | 45 | lq9x | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will walk securely | To walk securely is to live one’s life securely. Alternate translation: “I will live securely in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4469 | PSA | 119 | 45 | h23e | figs-idiom | 0 | I seek your instructions | To “seek” is to perceive, or gain understanding of God’s instructions as if one can see them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4470 | PSA | 119 | 46 | uj95 | 0 | solemn commands before kings | “serious commands to kings” or “instructions to kings” | ||
4471 | PSA | 119 | 47 | y49b | 0 | I delight in your commandments | Possible meanings are (1) “I find delight in studying your commandments” or (2) “I am delighted that I have the opportunity to study your commandments.” | ||
4472 | PSA | 119 | 48 | v87b | figs-idiom | 0 | lift up my hands to | This is an idiom which means to honor, cherish or respect God’s commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4473 | PSA | 119 | 49 | gb3p | 0 | Call to mind your promise | “Remember your promise.” See how you translated this in Psalms 20:3 | ||
4474 | PSA | 119 | 50 | mlp7 | figs-sentences | 0 | This is my comfort in my affliction: that your promise has kept me alive | This clause can be restructured. Alternate translation: “The reason for my comfort is that your promise has kept me alive in my affliction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]]) | |
4475 | PSA | 119 | 51 | n3rr | figs-nominaladj | 0 | The proud | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “The proud people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4476 | PSA | 119 | 51 | f89y | 0 | scoffed at | to mock someone or something that is looked down on, doubted, or not honored | ||
4477 | PSA | 119 | 52 | nhe2 | figs-explicit | 0 | from ancient times | This is a reference to when the decrees, the Law, were given to Moses many years before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4478 | PSA | 119 | 53 | x2f1 | figs-idiom | 0 | Hot anger has taken hold of me | This is an idiom. Anger is expressed as if it is a person that can grab another person. Alternate translation: “I have become very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4479 | PSA | 119 | 54 | t7xf | 0 | Your statutes have been my songs | “I have used your statutes as lyrics to my music” or “I have created songs from your statutes” | ||
4480 | PSA | 119 | 55 | ntb8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | I think about your name | Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “I think about you, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4481 | PSA | 119 | 55 | iwf2 | figs-idiom | 0 | I keep your law | This is an idiom which means to obey the law. Alternate translation: “I obey your law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4482 | PSA | 119 | 56 | ch5n | 0 | my practice | “my habit” | ||
4483 | PSA | 119 | 56 | ii8j | figs-idiom | 0 | I have observed your instructions | This is an idiom which means to follow or to obey those instructions. Alternate translation: “I have obeyed your instructions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4484 | PSA | 119 | 57 | f7jf | figs-explicit | 0 | Yahweh is my portion | This means Yahweh is all he wants. Just as the Levites did not receive vast territories of land for the Lord was to be their portion so the writer claims Yahweh as the satisfier of his needs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4485 | PSA | 119 | 59 | x88a | figs-synecdoche | 0 | turned my feet | Here “feet” represent the whole person. To repent and choose to obey God’s laws is like turning one’s feet on a path to head in another direction. Alternate translation: “changed my direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4486 | PSA | 119 | 60 | uuk4 | figs-doublet | 0 | I hurry and do not delay | The writer expresses the same idea both positively and negatively in order to emphasize the urgency with which he obeys Yahweh’s commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
4487 | PSA | 119 | 61 | i6di | figs-metaphor | 0 | The cords of the wicked have ensnared me | In this metaphor, wicked or evil people tried to cause the writer to sin like a hunter seeking to catch an animal with a trap. Alternate translation: “My enemies have tried to catch me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4488 | PSA | 119 | 63 | tvy5 | 0 | I am a companion of all who honor you | “I am a friend of all who honor you” | ||
4489 | PSA | 119 | 64 | p7l3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The earth, Yahweh, is full of your covenant faithfulness | People everywhere in the world being able to see evidence of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if his covenant faithfulness filled the earth. The abstract noun “covenant faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 33:5. Alternate translation: “People everywhere on earth can see that you, Yahweh, are faithful to your covenant” or “Throughout the earth, there is evidence that you, Yahweh, are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4490 | PSA | 119 | 65 | d39z | figs-123person | 0 | to your servant | The writer refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “to me, your servant” or “to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
4491 | PSA | 119 | 65 | k4vq | figs-idiom | 0 | by means of your word | This is an idiom. “Your word” refers to the promises Yahweh has made to the writer. Alternate translation: “as you have promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4492 | PSA | 119 | 66 | x5n2 | figs-sentences | 0 | Teach me proper discernment and understanding, for I have believed in your commandments | Some languages may require change in logical progression. Alternate translation: “Since I have believed in your commandments, teach me proper discernment and understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-intro]]) | |
4493 | PSA | 119 | 67 | ln6x | figs-activepassive | 0 | Before I was afflicted | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Before you afflicted me” or “Before you punished me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4494 | PSA | 119 | 67 | t586 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I went astray | Disobeying God is spoken of as if the person walked on the wrong path. Alternate translation: “I disobeyed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4495 | PSA | 119 | 67 | qc4x | figs-metonymy | 0 | I observe your word | Here “word” represents commandments. Alternate translation: “I obey your commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4496 | PSA | 119 | 69 | f9re | figs-nominaladj | 0 | The arrogant | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Arrogant people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4497 | PSA | 119 | 69 | g5zy | figs-metaphor | 0 | smeared me with lies | People telling many lies about a person is spoken of as if they made the person dirty by spreading lies over him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4498 | PSA | 119 | 69 | ljt8 | figs-metonymy | 0 | with my whole heart | Here “heart” represents a person’s will. Alternate translation: “with complete commitment” or “completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4499 | PSA | 119 | 70 | kwi4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Their hearts are hardened | Here “hearts” represents the people’s wills. A person being stubborn is spoken of as if their hearts or wills were hard like a rock. Alternate translation: “They are stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4500 | PSA | 119 | 72 | ll7t | figs-metonymy | 0 | Instruction from your mouth is | Here “mouth” represents what God says. Alternate translation: “The instructions you have spoken are” or “Your instructions are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4501 | PSA | 119 | 72 | l1f9 | 0 | than thousands of pieces of gold and silver | This can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “than a large amount of money” or “than great wealth” | ||
4502 | PSA | 119 | 73 | hf5d | figs-metaphor | 0 | Your hands have made and fashioned me | God creating a person is spoken of as if God used his hands to shape the person the way someone may shape clay into an object. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4503 | PSA | 119 | 73 | wc9b | figs-metonymy | 0 | Your hands | Here “hands” represents God’s power or action. Alternate translation: “You” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4504 | PSA | 119 | 74 | u7a8 | 0 | because I find hope in your word | “because I trust what you say” or “I confidently believe what you say” | ||
4505 | PSA | 119 | 75 | zx24 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | in faithfulness you afflicted me | God promises to reward the righteous and punish wrongdoers, so he is faithful to do what he says he will. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “you punished me because you are faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4506 | PSA | 119 | 76 | zzf3 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Let your covenant faithfulness comfort me | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Comfort me by showing me that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4507 | PSA | 119 | 76 | k57e | figs-123person | 0 | your servant | The writer refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “me, your servant” or “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
4508 | PSA | 119 | 78 | j2en | figs-activepassive | 0 | Let the proud be put to shame | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Put the proud to shame” or “Cause those who are proud to be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4509 | PSA | 119 | 78 | l2cs | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the proud | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “proud people” or “those who are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4510 | PSA | 119 | 79 | i7zp | figs-metaphor | 0 | turn to me | People returning in friendship to the writer is spoken of as if they physically turn towards him. Alternate translation: “come to me” or “unite with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4511 | PSA | 119 | 79 | u1zx | grammar-connect-words-phrases | 0 | those who know your covenant decrees | Possible meanings are (1) this further describes those who honor God or (2) this indicates the purpose for those who honor God to return to the writer. Alternate translation: “so that they may learn your covenant decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) | |
4512 | PSA | 119 | 80 | b84y | figs-metonymy | 0 | May my heart be blameless | Here “heart” represents a person’s thoughts and motives. Alternate translation: “May I be blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4513 | PSA | 119 | 80 | xg4u | figs-activepassive | 0 | I may not be put to shame | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I may not be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4514 | PSA | 119 | 81 | kx77 | 0 | I hope in your word | “I confidently trust in what you say” | ||
4515 | PSA | 119 | 82 | vm5l | figs-synecdoche | 0 | My eyes long to see your promise | Here “eyes” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I wait and wait for you to do what you promised to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4516 | PSA | 119 | 83 | pgx9 | figs-simile | 0 | I have become like a wineskin in the smoke | A wineskin is ruined when it hangs for a long time in a smoke-filled place. The writer compares himself to a wineskin that has been ruined by smoke to emphasize that he feels useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4517 | PSA | 119 | 84 | dl2z | figs-rquestion | 0 | How long must your servant endure this; when will you judge those who persecute me? | The writer uses a question to request God to punish those who persecute him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please do not make wait any longer. Punish those who persecute me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
4518 | PSA | 119 | 84 | jt81 | figs-123person | 0 | must your servant | The writer refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “must I, your servant” or “must I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
4519 | PSA | 119 | 85 | j1jf | figs-metaphor | 0 | The proud have dug pits for me | The proud are seeking to capture the writer or cause him to do wrong. This is spoken of as if they were hunters digging holes to trap the writer like an animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4520 | PSA | 119 | 85 | spv2 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | The proud | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Proud people” or “Those who are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4521 | PSA | 119 | 87 | pds6 | figs-euphemism | 0 | They have almost made an end to me on earth | This is a polite way of speaking about someone killing someone else. Alternate translation: “They have almost killed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
4522 | PSA | 119 | 88 | x4ml | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | By your steadfast love | “According to your steadfast love.” The phrase “steadfast love” or “faithfulness” can be stated as an adverb. Alternate translation: “because you faithfully love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4523 | PSA | 119 | 89 | sp49 | 0 | your word stands forever | “what you have said will be true forever” | ||
4524 | PSA | 119 | 89 | t6jr | figs-metaphor | 0 | your word is established firmly in heaven | This speaks about what God has said as if it were an object that stands firmly upright. Alternate translation: “what you have said will be true in heaven forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4525 | PSA | 119 | 90 | uer7 | figs-idiom | 0 | for all generations | “for all future generations.” This is an idiom that means “forever.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4526 | PSA | 119 | 91 | es2c | figs-personification | 0 | all things are your servants | All created things are spoken of as if they were persons who can serve God. Alternate translation: “all things serve you” or “all things obey your commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4527 | PSA | 119 | 93 | cck9 | figs-litotes | 0 | I will never forget | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will always remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
4528 | PSA | 119 | 93 | n64v | figs-explicit | 0 | for through them you have kept me alive | It is implied that the writer obeys God’s instructions. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “for you have kept me alive because I obey them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4529 | PSA | 119 | 94 | qu81 | figs-metaphor | 0 | for I seek your instructions | Trying hard to obey God’s instructions is spoken of as if instructions were an object for which a person must search. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4530 | PSA | 119 | 95 | d7bk | 0 | I will seek to understand | “I will try hard to understand” | ||
4531 | PSA | 119 | 96 | p32w | 0 | everything has its limits | “all things have an end” | ||
4532 | PSA | 119 | 96 | tr87 | figs-metaphor | 0 | but your commandments are broad, beyond limits | God’s commandments always being true and perfect is spoken of as if God’s commandments were an object that is so wide that it never ends. Alternate translation: “but your commandments are without limits” or “but your commandments are eternal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4533 | PSA | 119 | 98 | yp9t | figs-metaphor | 0 | your commandments are always with me | Constantly thinking about God’s commandments is spoken of as if the commandments were an object that the writer keeps with him always. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4534 | PSA | 119 | 101 | m6vx | figs-metaphor | 0 | I have kept my feet back from every evil path | Avoiding doing what is evil is spoken of as if it were avoiding walking on paths that are evil. Alternate translation: “I have avoided doing what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4535 | PSA | 119 | 101 | xel3 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | kept my feet | Here “feet” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “kept myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4536 | PSA | 119 | 101 | cs59 | 0 | observe your word | “obey your word” or “observe your commands” | ||
4537 | PSA | 119 | 102 | kf28 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I have not turned aside from your righteous decrees | Continuing to obey God’s righteous decrees is spoken of as if the writer has not physically turned away from the righteous decrees. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I always obey your righteous decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
4538 | PSA | 119 | 103 | t4ms | figs-metaphor | 0 | How sweet are your words to my taste, yes, sweeter than honey to my mouth! | The writer delighting in what God says is spoken of as if God’s words were food that tasted sweet to the writer. Alternate translation: “Your words are good and delightful!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4539 | PSA | 119 | 104 | bv6d | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | I gain discernment | The abstract noun “discernment” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I learn to discern what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4540 | PSA | 119 | 104 | p647 | figs-metaphor | 0 | therefore I hate every false way | Evil behavior is spoken of as if it were a false way or road. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4541 | PSA | 119 | 105 | b1vw | figs-doublet | 0 | Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light for my path | These two phrases have similar meanings. They speak about God telling a person how to live as if the person were walking on a path and God’s words were a light that helps the person see where to go. Alternate translation: “Your words tell me how to live my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4542 | PSA | 119 | 105 | id73 | 0 | Your word | Here “word” represents all that God communicates to people. | ||
4543 | PSA | 119 | 107 | k2ca | 0 | as you have promised in your word | “as you have promised to do” | ||
4544 | PSA | 119 | 108 | de1m | figs-metaphor | 0 | freewill offerings of my mouth | The writer speaks of his prayer as if it were a sacrifice that he is offering to God. Alternate translation: “my prayer as a sacrifice to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4545 | PSA | 119 | 108 | guc7 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | of my mouth | Here “mouth” represents the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4546 | PSA | 119 | 109 | r1uz | figs-idiom | 0 | My life is always in my hand | This is an idiom that means the writer’s life is always in danger. Alternate translation: “My enemies are often trying to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4547 | PSA | 119 | 109 | p41n | figs-litotes | 0 | I do not forget your law | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I always remember your laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
4548 | PSA | 119 | 110 | axl9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The wicked have set a snare for me | Wicked people trying to capture and kill the writer is spoken of as if they were hunters setting a trap to catch an animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4549 | PSA | 119 | 110 | ike3 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | The wicked | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4550 | PSA | 119 | 110 | n3qq | figs-metaphor | 0 | I have not strayed from your instructions | Not disobeying God’s instructions is spoken of as if the writer has not walked away from God’s instructions. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I obey your instructions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
4551 | PSA | 119 | 111 | ma4d | figs-metaphor | 0 | I claim your covenant decrees as my heritage forever | The writer always cherishing and obeying God’s decrees is spoken of as if the decrees are land or a possession that the writer will inherit. Alternate translation: “Your laws will belong to me forever” or “Your covenant decrees are like a heritage I will keep forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4552 | PSA | 119 | 111 | p236 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | they are the joy of my heart | Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “they make me joyful” or “I delight in them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4553 | PSA | 119 | 112 | yy19 | figs-metonymy | 0 | My heart is set on obeying | Here “heart” represents the writer’s will. The phrase “heart is set” is an idiom. It is a way of saying the writer is determined. Alternate translation: “I am determined to obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4554 | PSA | 119 | 112 | a2c7 | 0 | to the very end | Possible meanings are (1) “every one of them” (2) “to the very end of my life” or (3) “to the very end of time” | ||
4555 | PSA | 119 | 113 | ewl3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | who have a double mind | A person who is not sincere and not fully committed to obeying God is spoken of as if the person has two minds. Alternate translation: “who are not completely committed to obeying you” or “who are insincere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4556 | PSA | 119 | 114 | p5ix | figs-metaphor | 0 | my hiding place | God making the writer safe is spoken of as if God were a place where the writer could go and hide. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4557 | PSA | 119 | 114 | pas2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | my shield | God protecting the writer is spoken of as if God were the writer’s shield. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4558 | PSA | 119 | 114 | wtx3 | 0 | I hope in your word | Here “wait” means to wait expectantly. This has the idea of hope and trust. Alternate translation: “I trust in your word” | ||
4559 | PSA | 119 | 114 | l68r | 0 | your word | Here “word” represents what God communicates to people. | ||
4560 | PSA | 119 | 116 | f189 | 0 | Sustain me by your word | “Give me strength as you said you would” or “Enable me to be strong as you promised” | ||
4561 | PSA | 119 | 116 | zw3z | 0 | and not be ashamed of my hope | Here “my hope” represents the writer’s trust in God and his promises. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “Do not disappoint me” or “Do not cause me shame by not doing what you promised to do” | ||
4562 | PSA | 119 | 117 | pq8s | 0 | Support me | “Help me” or “Strengthen me” | ||
4563 | PSA | 119 | 118 | kd3f | 0 | those people are deceptive and unreliable | Possible meanings are (1) “those people lie and no one can trust them” or (2) “those people make deceitful plans but they will fail” | ||
4564 | PSA | 119 | 119 | tbp5 | figs-simile | 0 | You remove all the wicked of the earth like slag | Slag is the waste or undesired leftovers in the process of refining gold or other metals. Yahweh removes the wicked people as if they were trash. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4565 | PSA | 119 | 119 | z8fj | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4566 | PSA | 119 | 119 | e1lj | 0 | like slag | “like trash” or “like waste” | ||
4567 | PSA | 119 | 120 | p82w | figs-synecdoche | 0 | My body trembles in fear of you | Here “body” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I shake because I fear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4568 | PSA | 119 | 120 | n7mg | figs-explicit | 0 | I am afraid of your righteous decrees | It is implied that the writer is afraid of God’s righteous decrees because the writer knows that God punishes those who disobey his decrees. You can make the full meaning of this statement explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4569 | PSA | 119 | 121 | du8n | 0 | do not abandon me to my oppressors | “do not allow people to oppress me” | ||
4570 | PSA | 119 | 122 | dv7q | figs-123person | 0 | Guarantee the welfare of your servant | The writer speaks about himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “Guarantee my welfare” or “Help and protect me, your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
4571 | PSA | 119 | 122 | x86e | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the proud | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are proud” or “proud people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4572 | PSA | 119 | 123 | r56e | figs-synecdoche | 0 | My eyes grow tired as I wait | Here “eyes” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I grow tired because I wait and wait” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4573 | PSA | 119 | 123 | z4cn | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | for your salvation and for your righteous word | The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “for you to save me as you promised to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4574 | PSA | 119 | 123 | ptu5 | 0 | your righteous word | “your righteous promise” | ||
4575 | PSA | 119 | 124 | k6pq | figs-123person | 0 | Show your servant | The writer speaks about himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “Show me” or “Show me, your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
4576 | PSA | 119 | 124 | ygx1 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | your covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as an adverb or adjective. Alternate translation: “that you faithfully love me” or “that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4577 | PSA | 119 | 125 | van8 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | give me understanding | The abstract noun “understanding” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “enable me to understand what you want me to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4578 | PSA | 119 | 126 | g82b | figs-123person | 0 | It is time for Yahweh to act | The writer is speaking to Yahweh in the third person. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “It is time for you to act, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
4579 | PSA | 119 | 126 | n98z | figs-idiom | 0 | people have broken your law | This is an idiom. Here “have broken” means “disobeyed.” This is a way of saying the people have disobeyed God’s law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4580 | PSA | 119 | 128 | z4ux | figs-metaphor | 0 | I carefully follow all your instructions | A person carefully obeying all of God’s instructions is spoken of as if as if the instructions were leading a person and that person follows behind. Alternate translation: I carefully obey all of your instructions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4581 | PSA | 119 | 128 | p1py | figs-metaphor | 0 | every path of falsehood | People doing what is evil is spoken of as if they are walking on the wrong path. Alternate translation: “all the bad ways some people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4582 | PSA | 119 | 130 | m49k | figs-metaphor | 0 | The unfolding of your words gives light | The writer speaks of Yahweh’s words as if those words were fabric that is folded, and of the person who explains Yahweh’s words as if they are unfolding that fabric. Alternate translation: “The explanation of your words gives light” or “When someone explains your words, they give light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4583 | PSA | 119 | 130 | d6rx | figs-metaphor | 0 | The unfolding of your words gives light | The writer speaks of Yahweh’s words giving wisdom to a person as if his words were shining a light on them. Alternate translation: “The explanation of your words gives people wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4584 | PSA | 119 | 131 | qm6c | figs-metaphor | 0 | I open my mouth and pant, for I long for your commandments | The writer speaks of his desire for Yahweh’s commandments as if he were a dog panting for water. Alternate translation: “I earnestly long for your commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4585 | PSA | 119 | 132 | jqh6 | translate-symaction | 0 | Turn to me | To turn towards someone means to pay attention to that person. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
4586 | PSA | 119 | 132 | ar7k | figs-metonymy | 0 | love your name | Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “love you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4587 | PSA | 119 | 133 | mja8 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Direct my footsteps | Here the word “footsteps” represents the writer as he is walking. He speaks of the way he lives, or his conduct, as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “Direct me” or “Teach me how to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4588 | PSA | 119 | 133 | y2w5 | figs-personification | 0 | do not let any sin rule me | The writer speaks of sin as if it were a person who has authority over him. Possible meanings are (1) “do not let me habitually commit any sin” or (2) “do not let sinful men rule me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4589 | PSA | 119 | 134 | a4a4 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Redeem me from human oppression | The word “oppression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Save me from people who oppress others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4590 | PSA | 119 | 135 | g736 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Let your face shine on your servant | The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards him as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on him. Alternate translation: “Act favorably towards your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4591 | PSA | 119 | 136 | jv4q | figs-metaphor | 0 | Streams of tears | The writer speaks of his many tears as if they were streams of water. Alternate translation: “Many tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4592 | PSA | 119 | 136 | sst5 | 0 | observe your law | “obey your law” | ||
4593 | PSA | 119 | 138 | hus8 | 0 | covenant decrees | Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.” See how you translated this in Psalms 78:5. | ||
4594 | PSA | 119 | 139 | z79n | figs-idiom | 0 | Anger has destroyed me | This is an idiom. The phrase is an exaggeration for “I am extremely angry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
4595 | PSA | 119 | 140 | r9cv | figs-activepassive | 0 | has been tested very much | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have tested your word many times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4596 | PSA | 119 | 140 | q5x5 | figs-pronouns | 0 | your servant loves | The writer speaks of himself as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “I, your servant, love” or “I love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) | |
4597 | PSA | 119 | 141 | x2xe | figs-activepassive | 0 | I am…despised | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People despise me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4598 | PSA | 119 | 143 | q6qq | figs-personification | 0 | distress and anguish have found me | The psalmist speaks of distress and anguish as if they were people. Alternate translation: “I have become distressed and anguished” or “my body and my mind are suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4599 | PSA | 119 | 145 | fux2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | with my whole heart | The psalmist speaks of his whole being as if it were only his heart. Alternate translation: “completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4600 | PSA | 119 | 146 | g5gk | 0 | covenant decrees | Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.”See how you translated this in Psalms 78:5. | ||
4601 | PSA | 119 | 147 | kg9u | 0 | dawn of the morning | “before the sun first appears” | ||
4602 | PSA | 119 | 148 | c1n8 | figs-idiom | 0 | My eyes are open before the night watches change | This is an idiom. In Hebrew culture, the night was usually divided into three “watches” or periods. Alternate translation: “I am awake all night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4603 | PSA | 119 | 149 | uw93 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | in your covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4604 | PSA | 119 | 150 | r7sh | 0 | they are far from your law | “they have strayed from your law” or “they do not pay any attention to your laws” | ||
4605 | PSA | 119 | 151 | l238 | 0 | all your commandments are trustworthy | “I can trust your commandments” | ||
4606 | PSA | 119 | 152 | tc7x | 0 | covenant decrees | Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.” See how you translated this in Psalms 78:5 | ||
4607 | PSA | 119 | 152 | zx3q | figs-metaphor | 0 | set them in place | The psalmist speaks of Yahweh’s commands as if they were posts set in the ground. Alternate translation: “given them for people to obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4608 | PSA | 119 | 153 | i4e7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Look on my affliction | The psalmist speaks of affliction as if it were an object that people could see. Alternate translation: “Look at how much I am suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4609 | PSA | 119 | 154 | rqf5 | 0 | Plead my cause | “Defend me against those who accuse me” | ||
4610 | PSA | 119 | 154 | l7lr | 0 | keep me | “protect my life” or “give me life” | ||
4611 | PSA | 119 | 155 | cc3z | figs-metaphor | 0 | Salvation is far from the wicked | God not saving a person is spoken of as if salvation were far from the person. The abstract noun “Salvation” can be stated as “save.” Alternate translation: “You will certainly not save the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4612 | PSA | 119 | 156 | r4u3 | 0 | Great are your merciful actions | Here “great” means “many.” Alternate translation: “You have shown mercy to people many times” or “You have done many merciful things” | ||
4613 | PSA | 119 | 156 | gus8 | 0 | as you always do | Another possible meaning is “because you do what is just.” | ||
4614 | PSA | 119 | 157 | a4rf | 0 | My persecutors | “Those who persecute me” | ||
4615 | PSA | 119 | 157 | x688 | figs-idiom | 0 | I have not turned from | This is an idiom. “I have not stopped obeying” or “I have not stopped believing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4616 | PSA | 119 | 157 | n1r7 | 0 | covenant decrees | Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.” See how this is translated in Psalms 78:5. | ||
4617 | PSA | 119 | 158 | keb9 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the treacherous | The adjective “treacherous” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who betray me” or “my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4618 | PSA | 119 | 158 | fs8u | 0 | do not keep | “do not obey” | ||
4619 | PSA | 119 | 159 | rv26 | 0 | See | “Look at me so you can see” | ||
4620 | PSA | 119 | 159 | r1n2 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | by your covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4621 | PSA | 119 | 160 | iir8 | 0 | The essence of your word is truth | “Your word is completely true” or “Your word can be trusted” | ||
4622 | PSA | 119 | 161 | tq5i | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my heart stands in awe of your word | The psalmist speaks of the heart as if it could be amazed. The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am amazed at your word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4623 | PSA | 119 | 162 | n1dy | 0 | plunder | Possible meanings are (1) things that soldiers and robbers take from those they have defeated in battle or (2) things of great value or “treasure.” | ||
4624 | PSA | 119 | 163 | jx6a | figs-doublet | 0 | hate and despise | These two words mean almost the same thing. Alternate translation: “hate very strongly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
4625 | PSA | 119 | 163 | ue4r | figs-metonymy | 0 | falsehood | Possible meanings are this is a metonym for (1) “people who lie” or (2) “the false words that people say.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4626 | PSA | 119 | 165 | fin9 | 0 | nothing makes them stumble | Possible meanings are (1) “nothing makes them do wrong” or (2) “nothing causes them trouble.” | ||
4627 | PSA | 119 | 167 | t7k7 | 0 | I observe your solemn commands | “I obey your solemn commands” | ||
4628 | PSA | 119 | 167 | iqz6 | 0 | solemn commands | Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.” See how you translated this in Psalms 119:2. | ||
4629 | PSA | 119 | 168 | zj2b | 0 | I keep your instructions | “I obey your instructions” | ||
4630 | PSA | 119 | 169 | cgi3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | give me understanding into your word | The psalmist speaks of the ability to understand as if it were a solid object. Alternate translation: “help me understand your word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4631 | PSA | 119 | 170 | r59u | figs-metaphor | 0 | May my plea come before you | The psalmist speaks of the words he says in prayer as if they were people who want to speak to a king. Alternate translation: “May you hear my prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4632 | PSA | 119 | 171 | x454 | figs-metaphor | 0 | May my lips pour out praise | The psalmist speaks of his lips as if they were a container and his praise a liquid that could be poured out. Here the word “lips” is a synecdoche which represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I desire to praise you much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4633 | PSA | 119 | 172 | hk6w | figs-metaphor | 0 | my tongue sing | The psalmist speaks of his tongue either (1) as if it were a person or (2) as a synecdoche for his whole being. Alternate translation: “me sing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4634 | PSA | 119 | 173 | ui9f | figs-synecdoche | 0 | May your hand help me | The hand is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Please help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4635 | PSA | 119 | 173 | vx9b | 0 | have chosen | “have chosen to obey” | ||
4636 | PSA | 119 | 174 | l3rh | 0 | for your rescue | “you to rescue me” | ||
4637 | PSA | 119 | 174 | wa6g | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | your law is my delight | The abstract noun “delight” can be stated as a verb. “I very much enjoy obeying your law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4638 | PSA | 119 | 175 | z1ep | figs-metaphor | 0 | may your righteous decrees help me | The psalmist speaks of Yahweh’s decrees as if they were a person who could help him. Alternate translation: “may I listen to your righteous decrees and so become wise and strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4639 | PSA | 119 | 176 | xw7j | figs-simile | 0 | I have wandered off like a lost sheep | The psalmist compares his disobedience to Yahweh to a sheep that has wandered away from the flock. Alternate translation: “I have left your way like a sheep that has left its flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4640 | PSA | 119 | 176 | ap6x | 0 | seek your servant | “because I am your servant, come and search for me” | ||
4641 | PSA | 120 | intro | x4aj | 0 | Psalm 120 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 120 is a psalm of deliverance from liars. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterFightingThe author did not want to fight, but the people he lived with wanted to fight him. | |||
4642 | PSA | 120 | 1 | xq2k | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4643 | PSA | 120 | 1 | d8u6 | 0 | In my distress | “In my trouble” or “When I was in trouble” | ||
4644 | PSA | 120 | 2 | a439 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Rescue my life | Here the word “life” represents the person. Alternate translation: “Rescue me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4645 | PSA | 120 | 2 | yy4j | figs-synecdoche | 0 | those who lie with their lips and deceive with their tongues | Here the phrases “their lips” and “their tongues” represent the people who speak lies and deceit. Alternate translation: “those who lie to me and try to deceive me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4646 | PSA | 120 | 3 | rl7j | figs-rquestion | 0 | How will he punish you, and what more will he do to you, you who have a lying tongue? | The writer asks this as a leading question to explain what God will do to liars. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is how God will punish you, and this is what he will do to you, you who have a lying tongue.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
4647 | PSA | 120 | 3 | k1uu | figs-synecdoche | 0 | you who have a lying tongue | Here “a lying tongue” represents the person who speaks lies. Alternate translation: “you who tell lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4648 | PSA | 120 | 4 | tp2n | figs-metaphor | 0 | He will punish you with the arrows of a warrior | The writer speaks of God severely punishing liars as if God were shooting them with arrows. Alternate translation: “He will punish you severely, as if he were shooting you with warrior’s arrows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4649 | PSA | 120 | 4 | gu1s | figs-activepassive | 0 | sharpened over burning coals of the broom tree | This refers to how people forged the tip of the arrow in a fire. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that he sharpened over burning coals of the broom tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4650 | PSA | 120 | 5 | mg3z | figs-metaphor | 0 | I temporarily live in Meshech; I lived previously among the tents of Kedar | These two places were far away from each other. The writer is likely using the names metaphorically to represent living among cruel and barbaric people. Alternate translation: “It is as if I live in Meshech or among the tents of Kedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4651 | PSA | 120 | 5 | qx4h | figs-metonymy | 0 | the tents of Kedar | This phrase represents the people of Kedar who live in those tents. Alternate translation: “the people who live in Kedar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4652 | PSA | 120 | 7 | sf92 | 0 | I am for peace | “I want peace” | ||
4653 | PSA | 120 | 7 | lr78 | 0 | they are for war | “they want war” | ||
4654 | PSA | 121 | intro | n97g | 0 | Psalm 121 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 121 is a worship psalm. Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s protectionGod always watches over those who believe in him and protects them from harm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) | |||
4655 | PSA | 121 | 1 | xgy7 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4656 | PSA | 121 | 1 | cb45 | figs-metonymy | 0 | lift up my eyes | This expression means “look at” or “focus my attention on.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4657 | PSA | 121 | 1 | yb6k | figs-rquestion | 0 | From where will my help come? | The writer uses this question to focus attention on the source of his help. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will tell you from where my help comes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
4658 | PSA | 121 | 2 | d3ip | 0 | My help comes from Yahweh | This is the answer to the previous question. | ||
4659 | PSA | 121 | 3 | r43x | figs-123person | 0 | General Information: | There is a shift here to the second person. This may mean (1) the writer begins speaking to the people of Israel or (2) the writer is quoting another person speaking to the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
4660 | PSA | 121 | 3 | uj6f | figs-metonymy | 0 | your foot to slip | The slipping of a foot is associated with falling. Alternate translation: “you to fall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4661 | PSA | 121 | 3 | l1fp | figs-metonymy | 0 | he who protects you will not slumber | Here to “slumber” means he would stop protecting. The negative form strengthens the statement. Alternate translation: “God will not fall asleep and stop protecting you” or “God will always protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
4662 | PSA | 121 | 3 | j2nn | 0 | he who protects you | God | ||
4663 | PSA | 121 | 4 | eq68 | 0 | the guardian | God | ||
4664 | PSA | 121 | 4 | b5yf | 0 | See | This word alerts us to pay attention to the important information that follows. | ||
4665 | PSA | 121 | 4 | f8qt | figs-doublet | 0 | never slumbers or sleeps | These two words mean the same thing. Here to “slumber” means to stop protecting. The negative form strengthens the statement. Alternate translation: “will not sleep and stop protecting you” or “will always protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
4666 | PSA | 121 | 5 | sk2b | figs-metonymy | 0 | Yahweh is the shade at your right hand | Here “shade” refers to protection. Alternate translation: “God is beside you to protect you from things that would hurt you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4667 | PSA | 121 | 5 | hq1i | 0 | at your right hand | Here this expression means to be beside or near to the writer. | ||
4668 | PSA | 121 | 6 | p2y6 | figs-merism | 0 | The sun will not harm you by day, nor the moon by night | The contrasting terms “day” and “night” refer to those extremes and everything in between. Alternate translation: “God protects you from the elements at all times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
4669 | PSA | 121 | 6 | wzt9 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | nor the moon by night | It is implies that “will not harm you” is implied here. The full meaning of this statement may be made clear. Alternate translation: “nor will the moon harm you by night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
4670 | PSA | 121 | 7 | au24 | figs-metonymy | 0 | your life | This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4671 | PSA | 122 | intro | x7wj | 0 | Psalm 122 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 122 is a psalm about Jerusalem. Special concepts in this chapterJerusalemJerusalem is an important city, the center of government and religious activities; so the author prays for peace for the city. | |||
4672 | PSA | 122 | 1 | lck5 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4673 | PSA | 122 | 1 | x5k5 | 0 | A song of ascents | Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in Psalms 120:1 | ||
4674 | PSA | 122 | 2 | d2gp | figs-apostrophe | 0 | Jerusalem, our feet are standing within your gates! | The writer briefly stops speaking to his audience and speaks directly to the city of Jerusalem. Jerusalem is spoken to as if it was a person who could hear the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4675 | PSA | 122 | 2 | gjq5 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | our feet are standing | Here “feet” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “we are standing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4676 | PSA | 122 | 2 | pe5k | figs-synecdoche | 0 | within your gates | Here “gates” refers to the city. Alternate translation: “inside you, Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4677 | PSA | 122 | 4 | xbf5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the name of Yahweh | Here “name” refers to Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4678 | PSA | 122 | 5 | xk6c | figs-metonymy | 0 | the house of David | Here “house” refers to the descendants of David. Alternate translation: “the descendants of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4679 | PSA | 122 | 6 | q9u2 | figs-apostrophe | 0 | May those who love you have peace | This section states the content of the prayer that the writer wants his audience to pray. He asks them to speak directly to the city of Jerusalem, as if the city was a person who could hear them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4680 | PSA | 122 | 7 | qxx3 | figs-apostrophe | 0 | This verse finishes the prayer that the writer wants his audience to pray. He asks them to speak directly to the city of Jerusalem, as if the city was a person who could hear them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | ||
4681 | PSA | 122 | 7 | exb9 | figs-parallelism | 0 | May there be peace within…may they have peace within | These two phrases have the same meanings and are used together to strengthen each other. Alternate translation: “May the people in Jerusalem live in peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4682 | PSA | 122 | 7 | d4tc | figs-synecdoche | 0 | within the walls that defend you…within your fortresses | Here Jerusalem is referred to by the fortress walls that protects it. The terms “walls” and “fortress” refer to the same thing. Alternate translation: “within Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4683 | PSA | 122 | 8 | hz78 | figs-apostrophe | 0 | General Information: | In this section, the writer speaks directly to the city of Jerusalem, as if the city was a person who could hear them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4684 | PSA | 122 | 8 | i3zr | 0 | For the sake | “For the well-being” | ||
4685 | PSA | 122 | 8 | b3mx | 0 | May there be peace within you | “May the people in you live in peace” | ||
4686 | PSA | 122 | 9 | nt39 | 0 | I will seek good for you | The abstract noun “good” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “I will pray that people treat you well” | ||
4687 | PSA | 123 | intro | vet5 | 0 | Psalm 123 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 123 is a psalm asking for deliverance from the contempt of proud people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterTrustJust as a servant trusts his master to protect him, so the author is trusting God to stop proud people from insulting him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) | |||
4688 | PSA | 123 | 1 | iym8 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4689 | PSA | 123 | 1 | ja7b | figs-metonymy | 0 | I lift up my eyes | Here the author refers to his eyes because that is the part of the body used for seeing. Alternate translation: “I look to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4690 | PSA | 123 | 1 | kx53 | 0 | enthroned | sitting on a throne and ruling as king | ||
4691 | PSA | 123 | 2 | kyd5 | figs-parallelism | 0 | as the eyes of servants…as the eyes of a maid…so our eyes look | These three phrases have similar meanings. The third phrase, about the Israelites, is being compared to how the servants and maids look to their masters and mistresses for help. In each case “eyes” refers to the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4692 | PSA | 123 | 2 | xe43 | figs-metonymy | 0 | master’s hand…mistress’s hand | Here “hand” refers to the provision for needs. Alternate translation: “master’s provision…mistress’s provision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4693 | PSA | 123 | 2 | av8s | 0 | maid | servant girl | ||
4694 | PSA | 123 | 2 | cs6v | 0 | mistress | woman who has authority over servant girls | ||
4695 | PSA | 123 | 2 | kj4j | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | has mercy on us | The abstract noun “mercy” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “act mercifully toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4696 | PSA | 123 | 3 | e5sh | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Have mercy on us | The abstract noun “mercy” can be stated as an action. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 123:2. Alternate translation: “act mercifully toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4697 | PSA | 123 | 3 | rn1x | figs-metaphor | 0 | we are filled with humiliation | Here humiliation is spoken of as if it were something that could be fill up a person. “we are very disgraced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4698 | PSA | 123 | 4 | h3h7 | figs-idiom | 0 | We are more than full | This idiom means that the amount is excessive, in a negative sense. Alternate translation: “We have had too much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4699 | PSA | 123 | 4 | fq81 | figs-parallelism | 0 | of the scoffing…and with the contempt | There two phrases have very similar meanings and are used together to emphasize how much they have been mocked by the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4700 | PSA | 123 | 4 | xq36 | 0 | scoffing | “mocking” or “insults” | ||
4701 | PSA | 123 | 4 | gp8j | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the insolent | This refers to the insolent people. Alternate translation: “rude and arrogant people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4702 | PSA | 123 | 4 | ugx5 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the proud | This refers to the proud people. Alternate translation: “the people who are proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4703 | PSA | 124 | intro | khc4 | 0 | Psalm 124 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 124 is a psalm of praise for God’s delivering the Israelites from their enemy’s attack. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh savesGod saved the Israelites from their enemy who wanted to completely destroy them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) | |||
4704 | PSA | 124 | 1 | fes4 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4705 | PSA | 124 | 1 | uf2u | 0 | song of ascents | Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in Psalms 120:1 | ||
4706 | PSA | 124 | 1 | zqy6 | figs-hypo | 0 | “If Yahweh had not been on our side | This is the beginning of a hypothetical statement about something that did not actually happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) | |
4707 | PSA | 124 | 2 | qz9s | figs-hypo | 0 | if it had not been Yahweh who was on our side | This is the continuation of a hypothetical statement about something that did not actually happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) | |
4708 | PSA | 124 | 3 | n3uw | figs-hypo | 0 | then they would have swallowed us up alive | This is the end of a hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If Yahweh had not been on our side” in Psalms 124:1 and continues with the words “if it had not been Yahweh who was on our side when men rose up against us” in Psalms 124:2. It describes a result that did not happen because Yahweh was actually on their side. “They were not able to swallow us up alive because Yahweh was on our side.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) | |
4709 | PSA | 124 | 3 | g8z9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | swallowed us up alive | This metaphor describes how the Israelites could have died to how a fierce animal would attack a smaller animal to eat. Alternate translation: “killed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4710 | PSA | 124 | 3 | tq3h | figs-metonymy | 0 | their anger raged against us | Here “their anger” refers to the enemies who were angry. Alternate translation: “they were very angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4711 | PSA | 124 | 4 | ca3n | 0 | General Information: | In these two verses the author compares the enemies of Israel to a flood of water. | ||
4712 | PSA | 124 | 4 | hgr6 | figs-hypo | 0 | The water would have swept us away; the torrent would have overwhelmed us | This is the end of a hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If Yahweh had not been on our side” in Psalms 124:1 and continues with the words “if it had not been Yahweh who was on our side when men rose up against us” in Psalms 124:2. It describes a result that did not happen because Yahweh was actually on their side. “The water did not sweep us away, and the torrent did not overwhelm us because Yahweh was on our side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) | |
4713 | PSA | 124 | 4 | x86j | figs-metaphor | 0 | The water would have swept us away | Here the enemies of the writer are spoken of as if they were a flood of water. Alternate translation: “Our enemies would have easily defeated us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4714 | PSA | 124 | 4 | mkg4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the torrent would have overwhelmed us | Here the enemies of the writer are spoken of as if they were a flood of water that would have drowned the Israelites. Alternate translation: “our enemies would have overwhelmed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4715 | PSA | 124 | 5 | j6yh | figs-hypo | 0 | Then the raging waters would have drowned us | This is the end of a hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If Yahweh had not been on our side” in Psalms 124:1 and continues with the words “if it had not been Yahweh who was on our side when men rose up against us” in Psalms 124:2. It describes a result that did not happen because Yahweh was actually on their side. “The raging waters did not drown us because Yahweh was on our side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) | |
4716 | PSA | 124 | 5 | rxj3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the raging waters would have drowned us | Here the enemies of the writer are spoken of as if they were a raging river that would have drowned the Israelites. Alternate translation: “our enemies would have destroyed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4717 | PSA | 124 | 6 | thg5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | torn by their teeth | The enemies are spoken of as if they were wild animals that would destroy the Israelites by eating them. Alternate translation: “destroyed as if we were eaten by wild animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4718 | PSA | 124 | 7 | fr8c | figs-metaphor | 0 | escaped like a bird out of the snare of the fowlers | The writer describes his escape from the enemies as if he was a bird that had escaped from the snare of the hunters. Alternate translation: “escaped from our enemies as a bird escapes from the trap that hunters have set” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4719 | PSA | 124 | 7 | r8zv | 0 | snare | a small trap of string or wire made for catching small animals or birds | ||
4720 | PSA | 124 | 7 | a4a8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the snare has been broken | The plot of the enemies to catch the writer failed as if it was a snare that had broken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4721 | PSA | 125 | intro | bc6u | 0 | Psalm 125 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 125 is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s protectionGod protects good people. He will not allow the evil people to rule over the good people because they might make them do evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) | |||
4722 | PSA | 125 | 1 | d4h2 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4723 | PSA | 125 | 1 | spt5 | figs-simile | 0 | Those who trust in Yahweh are like Mount Zion, unshakable, forever enduring | People who trust in Yahweh are spoken of as if they were Mount Zion. Mountains are unable to be moved. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4724 | PSA | 125 | 2 | t72p | figs-simile | 0 | As the mountains surround Jerusalem, so Yahweh surrounds his people | Yahweh’s protection is spoken of as if he was the mountains surrounding Jerusalem. Jerusalem was surrounded by several mountains, which protected it from attack. Alternate translation: “As the hills that surround Jerusalem protect it, so Yahweh protects his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4725 | PSA | 125 | 2 | z93n | figs-merism | 0 | now and forever | Here, this phrase means “always.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
4726 | PSA | 125 | 3 | we9h | figs-metonymy | 0 | The scepter of wickedness | Here the scepter of wickedness represents the rule of wicked people. Alternate translation: “Wicked people” or “Wicked rulers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4727 | PSA | 125 | 4 | m8s8 | 0 | Do good, Yahweh | This is a request. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, please do good things” or “Yahweh, I beg you to do good things” | ||
4728 | PSA | 125 | 4 | y93a | figs-metonymy | 0 | are upright in their hearts | Here, “hearts” refers to their desires. Alternate translation: “desire to do the right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4729 | PSA | 125 | 5 | t4ae | figs-metaphor | 0 | turn aside | Refusing to obey Yahweh is spoken of as turning away from a good path. Alternate translation: “leave good and go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4730 | PSA | 125 | 5 | daf6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | their crooked ways | Here wicked ways are spoken of as if they were a path that is not straight. Alternate translation: “their wicked ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4731 | PSA | 125 | 5 | ru69 | figs-explicit | 0 | lead them away | People are lead away in order to punish them. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “lead them away to punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4732 | PSA | 126 | intro | q9ig | 0 | Psalm 126 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 126 is a psalm of praise for Yahweh bringing captives home. Special concepts in this chapterSorrow and joyPeople may have sorrow now; but later it will turn into joy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/joy]]) | |||
4733 | PSA | 126 | 1 | h3wt | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4734 | PSA | 126 | 1 | y7ss | 0 | restored the fortunes of Zion | “made Zion prosperous again” | ||
4735 | PSA | 126 | 2 | wxr3 | figs-metaphor | 0 | our mouths were filled with laughter | Laughing is spoken of as if their mouths were a container and their laughter was in it. It can be made clear that this laughter was a response to their joy. Alternate translation: “we laughed for joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4736 | PSA | 126 | 2 | g1bj | figs-ellipsis | 0 | our tongues with singing | The verbs “were filled” can be stated clearly. Singing is spoken of as if their tongues were containers and singing was in them. Alternate translation: “our tongues were filled with singing” or “we sang songs of joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4737 | PSA | 126 | 2 | xir4 | 0 | they said among the nations | “the people of the nations said among themselves.” The pronoun is used before introducing what it references. This is very unusual. | ||
4738 | PSA | 126 | 3 | js5q | 0 | Yahweh did great things for us; how glad we were! | “How glad we were, because Yahweh did these great things for us!” | ||
4739 | PSA | 126 | 5 | i43v | 0 | Those who sow in tears | “Those who weep as they sow” | ||
4740 | PSA | 127 | intro | ipx7 | 0 | Psalm 127 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 127 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapterBlessingsGod wants his people to have rest. It is a blessing to have many children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/rest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) | |||
4741 | PSA | 127 | 1 | nt9a | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4742 | PSA | 127 | 1 | m7vn | 0 | song of ascents | Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in Psalms 120:1 | ||
4743 | PSA | 127 | 2 | qvi2 | 0 | to rise up early, to come home late | A person who works hard often has to wake up earlier in the morning and return home late at night. | ||
4744 | PSA | 127 | 2 | vc2y | figs-idiom | 0 | eat the bread of hard work | This is an idiom. Bread often represents the food a person needs every day in order to live. Alternate translation: “work hard for your daily needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4745 | PSA | 127 | 3 | qz98 | figs-metaphor | 0 | heritage | property that a person can inherit from his ancestors. Children normally receive an inheritance from their parents. Inheritance goes from parents to children. This passage uses parents inheriting children from Yahweh as a metaphor for Yahweh being the only one who can give children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4746 | PSA | 127 | 4 | iyl8 | figs-simile | 0 | Like arrows in the hand of a warrior, so are the children of one’s youth | Arrows are very important to a warrior because they protect him in battle. Children are spoken of as if they are a warrior’s arrow. Alternate translation: “Having many children will help to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4747 | PSA | 127 | 5 | vf7l | figs-metaphor | 0 | his quiver full of them | A quiver is a container for arrows. Having many children is spoken of as if the children were arrows in a quiver. Alternate translation: “a home full of children” or “many children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4748 | PSA | 128 | intro | f8w6 | 0 | Psalm 128 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 128 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapterRespectThose people who respect God will live well and have many children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) | |||
4749 | PSA | 128 | 1 | xub9 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4750 | PSA | 128 | 1 | h11n | figs-activepassive | 0 | Blessed is everyone who honors Yahweh | This phrase occurs in the passive voice to avoid implying that Yahweh is obligated to bless those who honor him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless everyone who honors him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4751 | PSA | 128 | 2 | xw8w | figs-synecdoche | 0 | What your hands provide | A man can be referred to by his hands because that is the part of the body he works with. Alternate translation: “What you provide” or “What you work for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4752 | PSA | 128 | 2 | b9im | figs-doublet | 0 | you will be blessed and prosper | The words “be blessed” and “prosper” share similar meanings and emphasize God’s favor. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless you and prosper you” or “Yahweh will make you blessed and prosperous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
4753 | PSA | 128 | 3 | x211 | figs-simile | 0 | like a fruitful vine in your house | The wife is spoke of as a vine producing a lot of fruit. This implies that children are like fruit and the wife will have many children. Alternate translation: “very productive and give you many children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4754 | PSA | 128 | 3 | mf2p | figs-simile | 0 | your children will be like olive plants | Children are compared to olive plants because of the way they grow to surround something. Children will surround the table and make it full. Alternate translation: “you will have many children who will grow and prosper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4755 | PSA | 128 | 3 | vlk1 | 0 | around your table | This refers to the place where a family gathers to eat. Often, all those who eat a man’s table are under his authority or control. | ||
4756 | PSA | 128 | 4 | v5em | figs-activepassive | 0 | the man will be blessed who honors Yahweh | This can be stated as an active verb. “Yahweh will bless the man who honors him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4757 | PSA | 128 | 5 | iz4u | 0 | all the days of your life | “throughout your lifetime” | ||
4758 | PSA | 128 | 6 | cd66 | 0 | May peace be on Israel | “May Israel have peace” | ||
4759 | PSA | 129 | intro | p9dv | 0 | Psalm 129 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 129 is a psalm of deliverance from Israel’s many enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh savesIsrael’s enemies have always persecuted them but God has saved them from their enemies. He prays that this enemy will be destroyed with no one to wish them well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) | |||
4760 | PSA | 129 | 1 | ut36 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4761 | PSA | 129 | 3 | wpl7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The plowers plowed on my back | The cuts from a whipping are spoken of as the plow of a plowman. A farmer plowed deep lines into a field. Alternate translation: “My enemies have cut me deeply on my back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4762 | PSA | 129 | 3 | nq4f | figs-metaphor | 0 | they made their furrows long | This is a continuation of the plowing metaphor. The “furrow” is the line the farmer plowed. Alternate translation: “they made their cuts long” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4763 | PSA | 129 | 4 | yzu9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he has cut the ropes of the wicked | Israel is spoken of as being bound by evil people. Alternate translation: “he has freed us from our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4764 | PSA | 129 | 5 | z781 | figs-activepassive | 0 | May they all be put to shame and turned back | Yahweh is not explicitly mentioned as the one who does these things. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh shame them and defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4765 | PSA | 129 | 6 | s2gl | figs-simile | 0 | May they be like the grass on the housetops that withers before it grows up | The psalmist speaks of his enemies dying and being few in number. He compares them to the little bit of grass that grows on the roof of a house and withers and is not enough to cut or bundle. Alternate translation: “May they die and may there be few of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4766 | PSA | 129 | 7 | s57h | figs-simile | 0 | that cannot fill…together | These words finish the simile that begins in (Psalms 129:6). The psalmist speaks of his enemies dying and being few in number. He compares them to the little bit of grass that grows on the roof of a house and withers and is not enough to cut or bundle. “May they be like the grass, which cannot fill…together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4767 | PSA | 129 | 8 | pu7b | 0 | the blessing of Yahweh be on you | “Yahweh bless you” | ||
4768 | PSA | 130 | intro | c2ly | 0 | Psalm 130 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 130 is a psalm of praise that God forgives sins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Special concepts in this chapterForgiveGod forgives sin and helps the sinner. So Israel should trust in God for his forgiveness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) | |||
4769 | PSA | 130 | 1 | f4r9 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4770 | PSA | 130 | 1 | h3vi | figs-metaphor | 0 | Out of the depths I | The author’s sadness is spoken of as if it were a container. His sadness comes from the bottom of the container. Sadness is often spoken of as being a container that fills from the top to the bottom. Alternate translation: “Because I am very sad, I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4771 | PSA | 130 | 2 | i2dr | figs-synecdoche | 0 | let your ears be attentive | The ears represent Yahweh, but because the author knows that Yahweh hears everything, he is really asking for Yahweh to respond. Alternate translation: “please listen” or “please respond” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4772 | PSA | 130 | 2 | cvz1 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | to my pleas for mercy | The abstract noun “mercy” can be stated as “merciful.” Alternate translation: “to my pleas and be merciful to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4773 | PSA | 130 | 3 | fu8l | figs-rquestion | 0 | who could stand? | The speaker uses this question to express the futility of thinking that anyone could stand in this situation. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one could stand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
4774 | PSA | 130 | 3 | l8mj | figs-metonymy | 0 | who could stand | “Stand” often represents escaping or surviving when someone attacks. In this case, it would be to escape from being punished. Alternate translation: “no one could escape from your punishment” or “no one could survive your punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4775 | PSA | 130 | 6 | lj6l | figs-synecdoche | 0 | My soul | “My soul” represents the psalmist. Alternate translation: “I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4776 | PSA | 130 | 6 | yb89 | figs-metonymy | 0 | My soul waits | The psalmist is spoken of as if he were waiting on something with expectation. Alternate translation: “I hope” or “I trust” or “I desire for something” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4777 | PSA | 130 | 6 | ge7s | figs-simile | 0 | My soul waits…more than watchmen wait for the morning | The psalmist speaks of his desire for the Lord to help him as being greater than the desire that those who work all night have for the morning to come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4778 | PSA | 130 | 6 | cx47 | 0 | watchmen | These are men who guard towns or fields against enemies or robbers. Here it refers to men who have to stay awake at night doing this. | ||
4779 | PSA | 130 | 7 | ua2z | figs-metaphor | 0 | Israel, hope in Yahweh | The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a man. Alternate translation: “You people of Israel, hope in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4780 | PSA | 130 | 8 | i64f | figs-metaphor | 0 | who will redeem Israel from all his sins | The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a man. Alternate translation: “who will redeem the people of Israel from all their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4781 | PSA | 131 | intro | ej7h | 0 | Psalm 131 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 131 is a wisdom psalm teaching trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) Special concepts in this chapterTrustThis psalm focuses on the concept of trust. A quiet trust in Yahweh is best. | |||
4782 | PSA | 131 | 1 | ct5z | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4783 | PSA | 131 | 1 | px11 | 0 | song of ascents | Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in Psalms 120:1 | ||
4784 | PSA | 131 | 1 | kgc5 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my heart is not proud or my eyes haughty | The heart and the eyes represent the person. Alternate translation: “I am not proud or haughty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4785 | PSA | 131 | 1 | tz2s | 0 | I do not have great hopes for myself | Possible meanings are “I do not expect to do great things” or “I do not think I am great.” | ||
4786 | PSA | 131 | 1 | xfb4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | things that are beyond me | Things that are too hard for a person to understand are spoken of as if they are beyond the person or too far away from the person to be able to reach them. Alternate translation: “things that are too hard to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4787 | PSA | 131 | 2 | r92s | figs-synecdoche | 0 | I have stilled and quieted my soul | The soul represents the person or his emotions. Being calm and peaceful is spoken of has having making one’s soul still and quiet. Alternate translation: “I am calm and peaceful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4788 | PSA | 131 | 2 | sep5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | my soul within me | The soul represents the person or his emotions. Alternate translation: “I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4789 | PSA | 131 | 2 | sim5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | a weaned child with his mother | The psalmist speaks of himself being content and resting as if he were a young child that no longer demands breast milk from his mother. Alternate translation: “content like a young child that no longer cries for breast milk but rests in his mother’s arms” or “content and resting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4790 | PSA | 132 | intro | fp7w | 0 | Psalm 132 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 132 is a royal psalm praising David. It might have been sung when David brought the ark to Jerusalem. Special concepts in this chapterArkThe Ark had been moved from one place to another several times. David wanted to make a permanent home for it. God had promised David that his son would be king after him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) | |||
4791 | PSA | 132 | 1 | sq3d | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4792 | PSA | 132 | 1 | lvf4 | 0 | for David’s sake | “because of what happened to David” | ||
4793 | PSA | 132 | 1 | rsq8 | 0 | call to mind | “remember” or “think about” | ||
4794 | PSA | 132 | 2 | v7zr | 0 | the Mighty One of Jacob | This refers to God. | ||
4795 | PSA | 132 | 3 | qz8t | 0 | He said | “King David said” | ||
4796 | PSA | 132 | 4 | s5lw | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will not give sleep to my eyes or rest to my eyelids | Sleep and rest are spoken of as if they are things that can be given. Here eyes and eyelids represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will not allow my eyes to sleep or my eyelids to rest” or “I will not sleep or close my eyes and rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4797 | PSA | 132 | 5 | q4n7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | until I find a place for Yahweh | Building a place for Yahweh is spoken of as finding a place for him. Alternate translation: “until I build a place for Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4798 | PSA | 132 | 5 | ydb1 | 0 | the Mighty One of Jacob | This refers to God. | ||
4799 | PSA | 132 | 6 | ii2y | figs-explicit | 0 | we heard about it in Ephrathah | The word “it” probably refers to where God’s sacred chest was. The phrase “in Ephrathah” probably refers to where they were when they heard about it. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “we who were in Ephrathah heard about where the sacred chest was” or “we in Ephrathah heard that the holy box was in Jaar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4800 | PSA | 132 | 6 | nbj6 | translate-names | 0 | fields of Jaar | Jaar is probably another name for the city of Kiriath Jearim. This probably refers to the fields surrounding the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
4801 | PSA | 132 | 7 | gcy9 | figs-metaphor | 0 | we will worship at his footstool | Worshiping God at the covenant box is spoken of as bowing at the feet of the king who is sitting on his throne. This communicates humility and submission to God. Alternate translation: “we will go to God’s covenant box and worship him as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4802 | PSA | 132 | 8 | jkj6 | figs-explicit | 0 | Arise, Yahweh, to your resting place | The verb “come” can be stated clearly. “Arise, Yahweh, and come to your resting place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4803 | PSA | 132 | 8 | e7g1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | your resting place | The place God chose for people to worship him is spoken of as if it were a place where he rests or lives eternally. Alternate translation: “the place where you stay” or “your tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4804 | PSA | 132 | 8 | ktv8 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | you and the ark of your strength! | Possible meanings are (1) “come to the ark of your strength” or (2) “come, and make the ark of your strength come.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
4805 | PSA | 132 | 8 | pg13 | 0 | the ark of your strength | “the ark that shows your great power” | ||
4806 | PSA | 132 | 9 | y1an | figs-metaphor | 0 | May your priests be clothed with integrity | Integrity is spoken of as if it were clothing. Alternate translation: “May people recognize that your priests have integrity” or “I want people see how your priests always do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4807 | PSA | 132 | 10 | zns5 | 0 | For your servant David’s sake | “Because of what happened to your servant David.” See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 132:1. | ||
4808 | PSA | 132 | 10 | e268 | figs-metaphor | 0 | do not turn away from your anointed king | Here “turning away” means to reject someone. Alternate translation: “do not abandon the king that you anointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4809 | PSA | 132 | 11 | l5l7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will place one of your descendants on your throne | Making a king’s descendant become king in his place is spoken of as placing him on that king’s throne. AT “I will cause one of your descendants to rule Israel in your place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4810 | PSA | 132 | 12 | ir7p | figs-metaphor | 0 | sit on your throne | Ruling as king is spoken of as sitting on the throne. Alternate translation: “rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4811 | PSA | 132 | 12 | ht92 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | your sons | Here “your sons” represents the descendants of David that would become king. Alternate translation: “your descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4812 | PSA | 132 | 13 | ym8p | figs-pronouns | 0 | General Information: | “He”, “my” and “I” refer to Yahweh and “her” refers to Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) | |
4813 | PSA | 132 | 13 | kw5c | figs-personification | 0 | Zion…her | The author writes as though the city of Zion were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4814 | PSA | 132 | 13 | wvs3 | figs-metonymy | 0 | he has desired her for his seat | “Yahweh has desired Zion for Yahweh’s seat.” Here “seat” represents either (1) his throne where he would rule, or (2) the place where he would stay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4815 | PSA | 132 | 14 | t9p9 | figs-personification | 0 | her | The author writes as though the city of Zion (Psalms 132:13) were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4816 | PSA | 132 | 14 | y9cs | figs-metaphor | 0 | my resting place | The place God chose for people to worship him is spoken of as if it were a place where he rests or lives eternally. Alternate translation: “the place where I stay” or “my tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4817 | PSA | 132 | 15 | afl2 | figs-personification | 0 | God continues to speak about the city of Zion as if Zion was a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | ||
4818 | PSA | 132 | 15 | gvy6 | 0 | will abundantly bless her | “will abundantly bless Zion” | ||
4819 | PSA | 132 | 15 | md5k | figs-nominaladj | 0 | will satisfy her poor with bread | Here “poor” refers to the poor people in Zion and “bread” probably represents food in general. Alternate translation: “will satisfy the poor people in Zion with food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4820 | PSA | 132 | 16 | w9cn | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will clothe her priests with salvation | Salvation is spoken of as if it is clothing. Possible meanings are (1) “I will cause the priests to behave in a manner worthy of ones whom I have saved” or (2) “I will save her priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4821 | PSA | 132 | 17 | vls7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will make a horn to sprout for David | God speaks of a powerful descendant of David as if he was the powerful horn of an animal. Alternate translation: “I will make a descendant of David become king after him” or “I will cause David to have a descendant who will be a powerful king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4822 | PSA | 132 | 17 | yc3b | figs-metaphor | 0 | set up a lamp for my anointed one | God speaks of causing David’s descendants to continue to rule as king as if they were a lamp that would continue to shine. Alternate translation: “I will cause my anointed one’s descendants to continue to rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4823 | PSA | 132 | 17 | dms8 | 0 | my anointed one | “my chosen king” or “the king I have chosen” | ||
4824 | PSA | 132 | 18 | gp1f | figs-metaphor | 0 | I will clothe his enemies with shame | Shame is spoken of as if it was clothing. This shame would result from losing in war. Alternate translation: “I will cause his enemies to be ashamed” or “I will cause his enemies to be defeated and ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4825 | PSA | 132 | 18 | hdu2 | figs-metonymy | 0 | his crown will shine | The crown represents his rule, and greatness is spoken of as shining. Alternate translation: “he will be a great king” or “his greatness will shine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4826 | PSA | 133 | intro | lg1c | 0 | Psalm 133 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 133 is a wisdom psalm about harmony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapterHarmonyHarmony between relatives is refreshing and brings a blessings from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) | |||
4827 | PSA | 133 | 1 | s9bf | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4828 | PSA | 133 | 1 | xwd2 | 0 | song of ascents | Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in Psalms 120:1 | ||
4829 | PSA | 133 | 1 | d9ck | 0 | Behold | This word is used to stress the importance of the statement that follows. | ||
4830 | PSA | 133 | 1 | s8hv | figs-metaphor | 0 | for brothers to live together | The relationships among fellow God’s people is spoken of as if they were brothers. Alternate translation: “for God’s people to live together peacefully as brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4831 | PSA | 133 | 2 | qj4c | figs-simile | 0 | It is like fine oil on the head | The goodness of unity among God’s people is spoken of as if it were like the fine oil that was poured on Aaron’s head. Alternate translation: “This unity is precious like the oil that was poured on Aaron’s head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4832 | PSA | 133 | 3 | r3pl | figs-simile | 0 | like the dew of Hermon | The goodness of unity among God’s people is spoken of as it if it were refreshing like dew. Alternate translation: “refreshing like the dew of Hermon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4833 | PSA | 133 | 3 | q5fz | 0 | Hermon | This is a mountain in Israel that has snow on its peak year-round. | ||
4834 | PSA | 134 | intro | az9r | 0 | Psalm 134 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 134 is a temple psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) Special concepts in this chapterWatchmenThe watchmen who work at night should praise God. Then he will bless them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) | |||
4835 | PSA | 134 | 1 | x2de | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4836 | PSA | 134 | 1 | y7mi | 0 | all you servants of Yahweh | “all you who serve Yahweh” | ||
4837 | PSA | 134 | 2 | fx9g | translate-symaction | 0 | Lift up your hands | This is how people prayed or praised God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
4838 | PSA | 134 | 2 | x39j | 0 | to the holy place | Possible meanings are (1) “to the temple” or (2) “to the holy place in the temple.” | ||
4839 | PSA | 134 | 3 | d5zb | figs-merism | 0 | heaven and earth | The phrase “heaven and earth” here represents all things. Alternate translation: “everything in heaven and earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
4840 | PSA | 135 | intro | qzj7 | 0 | Psalm 135 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 135 is a worship psalm focusing on worshiping God because his greatness. Special concepts in this chapterPraiseThe people, priests and their helpers should praise God because he is so great. He defeated the Egyptians and led his people to the promise land. Idols have no power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) | |||
4841 | PSA | 135 | 1 | s987 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4842 | PSA | 135 | 1 | q37i | figs-metonymy | 0 | Praise the name of Yahweh | Yahweh’s name represents him. “Praise Yahweh” or “Praise him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4843 | PSA | 135 | 2 | hmn4 | figs-metonymy | 0 | stand in Yahweh’s house | This represents serving Yahweh in his temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4844 | PSA | 135 | 2 | acj2 | 0 | our God | These words refer to Yahweh (Psalms 135:1). | ||
4845 | PSA | 135 | 3 | txp9 | 0 | for it is pleasant to do so | “because we get pleasure from praising his name” | ||
4846 | PSA | 135 | 4 | e6pd | figs-metonymy | 0 | Yahweh has chosen Jacob | “Jacob” here refers to his descendants, the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has chosen Jacob’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4847 | PSA | 135 | 4 | tbz4 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | Israel as his possession | The beginning of the sentence can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he has chosen Israel to be his possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
4848 | PSA | 135 | 5 | bu42 | figs-metaphor | 0 | that our Lord is above all gods | “I know that our Lord is above all gods.” Being greater than something is spoken of as being above it. Alternate translation: “that our Lord is greater than all gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4849 | PSA | 135 | 7 | g3hj | figs-metaphor | 0 | bringing the wind out of his storehouse | A storehouse is a place where things are kept for future use. This imagery shows God’s power to control the wind. Alternate translation: “causing the wind to blow by his power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4850 | PSA | 135 | 9 | pln1 | figs-doublet | 0 | signs and wonders | These two words mean basically the same thing and refer to the miraculous troubles that God had caused in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
4851 | PSA | 135 | 9 | jjz5 | figs-apostrophe | 0 | into your midst, Egypt | The psalmist speaks as if the people of Egypt were listening to him. Alternate translation: “among you people of Egypt” or “among the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) | |
4852 | PSA | 135 | 9 | eb2x | 0 | against Pharaoh | “to punish Pharaoh” | ||
4853 | PSA | 135 | 11 | tnk3 | translate-names | 0 | Sihon…Og | These are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
4854 | PSA | 135 | 12 | xu2g | figs-metaphor | 0 | He gave us their land as an inheritance | God’s gift of the land to the Israelites is spoken of as if it were inheritance from father to son. Alternate translation: “He gave us their land to have forever” or “He gave us their land to be ours forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4855 | PSA | 135 | 13 | z179 | figs-metonymy | 0 | Your name | His name here represents his fame or reputation. Alternate translation: “Your fame” or “Your reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4856 | PSA | 135 | 18 | wi2e | figs-simile | 0 | Those who make them are like them | Being ignorant and powerless is spoken of as being like idols, which cannot speak, see, hear, or breathe. Alternate translation: “Those who make them are stupid and powerless like their idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4857 | PSA | 135 | 18 | z43m | 0 | as is everyone who trusts in them | “and so are those who trust in the idols” | ||
4858 | PSA | 135 | 21 | l26a | figs-metonymy | 0 | he who lives in Jerusalem | God is spoken of as if he lived in Jerusalem because the temple where the Israelites worshiped him was there. Alternate translation: “he whose temple is in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4859 | PSA | 136 | intro | wah2 | 0 | Psalm 136 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 136 is a worship psalm. It was written to be sung by two parts of the choir. One part would sing the first part of each of the lines and then the other part of the choir would sing the repeated refrain. Special concepts in this chapterIsrael blessedGod has blessed Israel throughout its history and taken care of the needy people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) | |||
4860 | PSA | 136 | 1 | my49 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4861 | PSA | 136 | 1 | ra72 | figs-exclamations | 0 | Oh | This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
4862 | PSA | 136 | 1 | f89e | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | for his covenant faithfulness endures forever | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4863 | PSA | 136 | 2 | f8xr | figs-idiom | 0 | the God of gods | the God who is greater than the gods that other people worship (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4864 | PSA | 136 | 5 | f8eu | 0 | by wisdom | That is, because he is wise. | ||
4865 | PSA | 136 | 6 | x27a | 0 | spread out the earth above the waters | The ancient Israelites thought that the earth’s dry land was on top of the sea. Alternate translation: “placed the earth over the waters” | ||
4866 | PSA | 136 | 7 | wi2k | 0 | great lights | This is a reference to the sources of light for the earth, especially the sun and the moon. Alternate translation: “the sun and the moon and the stars” | ||
4867 | PSA | 136 | 8 | f4vg | figs-metaphor | 0 | to rule by day | The sun is spoken of as if it were a king. Alternate translation: “to mark the time of day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4868 | PSA | 136 | 8 | h1q9 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | for his covenant faithfulness endures forever | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in Psalms 136:1. Alternate translation: “because he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4869 | PSA | 136 | 9 | m4de | figs-metaphor | 0 | to rule by night | The moon, and stars are spoken of as if they were kings. Alternate translation: “to mark the time of night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4870 | PSA | 136 | 11 | v395 | 0 | from among them | “from among the people of Egypt” | ||
4871 | PSA | 136 | 12 | eaa4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | with a strong hand and a raised arm | Here “hand” and “arm” represent power. Alternate translation: “with great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4872 | PSA | 136 | 13 | avd4 | 0 | the Sea of Reeds | The soldiers of Pharaoh drowned in the Sea of Reeds. | ||
4873 | PSA | 136 | 15 | a7s1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | overthrew Pharaoh | Here defeat is spoken of as if it were tipping someone over. Alternate translation: “defeated Pharaoh” or “defeated the king of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4874 | PSA | 136 | 15 | mi4b | figs-metonymy | 0 | Pharaoh | That is, the army of Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4875 | PSA | 136 | 19 | j4wg | translate-names | 0 | Sihon | a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
4876 | PSA | 136 | 20 | r49c | translate-names | 0 | Og | a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
4877 | PSA | 136 | 23 | q5t2 | 0 | called us to mind | “thought about us” | ||
4878 | PSA | 136 | 23 | g78u | figs-metaphor | 0 | helped us in our humiliation | The condition of feeling shame is spoken of as if it were a place that the Israelites had been in. This is a reference to the many times when the Israelites’ enemies had defeated them in battle and shamed them. Alternate translation: “cared when we were shamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4879 | PSA | 136 | 24 | zn74 | figs-metaphor | 0 | has given us victory over our enemies | Causing people to be victorious and defeat their enemies is spoken of as giving them victory, as if victory were an object that can be given. Alternate translation: “has made us victorious over our enemies” or “has made us able to defeat our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4880 | PSA | 136 | 26 | vqb3 | 0 | the God of heaven | “the God who lives in heaven” or “the God whom the heavenly beings worship” | ||
4881 | PSA | 137 | intro | syg4 | 0 | Psalm 137 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 137 is a psalm of mourning and vengeance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]]) Special concepts in this chapterSongs of ZionThe captives are told to sing songs of Zion there in Babylon but they felt too unhappy to want to sing. The army from Babylon was cruel when it destroyed Jerusalem and the people of Edom encouraged them to destroy Jerusalem. They prayed that God will be cruel to the people of Edom and Babylon. | |||
4882 | PSA | 137 | 1 | g7si | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4883 | PSA | 137 | 1 | kt8v | 0 | By the rivers of Babylon | “Next to one of the rivers near Babylon” | ||
4884 | PSA | 137 | 1 | rih5 | figs-exclusive | 0 | we sat…wept…we thought | The writer does not include the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
4885 | PSA | 137 | 2 | j2py | figs-exclusive | 0 | we hung | The writer does not include the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
4886 | PSA | 137 | 2 | xl9e | figs-metonymy | 0 | On the poplars there | Poplar trees do not grow in Israel. “Poplars” may here stand for all the trees in Babylon. Alternate translation: “On the trees in Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4887 | PSA | 137 | 3 | sad7 | 0 | our captors required songs from us | “our captors required us to sing” | ||
4888 | PSA | 137 | 3 | htl1 | 0 | required us to be happy | “made us pretend to be happy” | ||
4889 | PSA | 137 | 3 | j7ws | 0 | one of the songs of Zion | This probably refers to songs that the Israelites had used in worship at the temple in Jerusalem. | ||
4890 | PSA | 137 | 5 | s6nm | figs-personification | 0 | If I ignore the memory of you, Jerusalem | The writer speaks as if Jerusalem is listening to him. Alternate translation: “If I act as if I did not remember you, Jerusalem” or “If I try to forget you, Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) | |
4891 | PSA | 137 | 5 | evg5 | 0 | right hand | the hand most people use most often | ||
4892 | PSA | 137 | 7 | fey4 | 0 | Call to mind | “Remember” or “Think about” | ||
4893 | PSA | 137 | 7 | wp1j | figs-metonymy | 0 | Call to mind, Yahweh, what the Edomites did | Here remembering what the Edomites did represents punishing them for what they did. Alternate translation: “Punish the Edomites, Yahweh, for what they did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4894 | PSA | 137 | 7 | fk91 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the day Jerusalem fell | Jerusalem being captured by an enemy army is spoken of as if it had fallen. Who captured Jerusalem can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the day Jerusalem was captured” or “the day the Babylonian army entered Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4895 | PSA | 137 | 8 | vlj1 | figs-apostrophe | 0 | General Information: | The psalmist addresses the people of Babylon as if they were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) | |
4896 | PSA | 137 | 8 | c3dh | figs-metonymy | 0 | Daughter of Babylon | This represents the city of Babylon and its people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4897 | PSA | 137 | 8 | w6kc | figs-activepassive | 0 | may the person be blessed | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may God bless the person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4898 | PSA | 137 | 8 | v1xl | figs-metaphor | 0 | pays you back for what you have done to us | The writer speaks of someone doing to others what they have done as if were payment. Alternate translation: “does to you what you did to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4899 | PSA | 137 | 9 | v5tp | 0 | dashes your little ones against a rock | “smashes your babies’ heads against rocks” | ||
4900 | PSA | 138 | intro | lv6z | 0 | Psalm 138 General NotesType of psalmPsalm is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapterAnswered prayersGod answers prayers and he protects the psalmist from his enemies. | |||
4901 | PSA | 138 | 1 | uq65 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4902 | PSA | 138 | 1 | hm3q | figs-metonymy | 0 | I will give you thanks with my whole heart | The heart here represents the emotions. Doing something sincerely or completely is spoken of as doing it with all one’s heart. Alternate translation: “I will sincerely thank you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4903 | PSA | 138 | 1 | eq6r | 0 | before the gods | Possible meanings are (1) “in spite of the false idols that exist” or (2) “before the heavenly assembly,” which means “in the knowledge of the angels in heaven.” | ||
4904 | PSA | 138 | 2 | bda1 | translate-symaction | 0 | I will bow down | Bowing down is a symbolic action that represents worship and giving honor. Alternate translation: “I will worship you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
4905 | PSA | 138 | 2 | p2fj | figs-metonymy | 0 | give thanks to your name | Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “give thanks to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4906 | PSA | 138 | 2 | t3ms | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4907 | PSA | 138 | 2 | wkx6 | 0 | your word | “what you have said” or “your commands and promises” | ||
4908 | PSA | 138 | 2 | m6ju | figs-metonymy | 0 | your name | Possible meanings are (1) “yourself” or (2) “your fame.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4909 | PSA | 138 | 4 | zpz8 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | your mouth | This expression stands for God himself. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4910 | PSA | 138 | 6 | sg1t | 0 | Yahweh is high, yet he cares for the lowly | Yahweh is above all creation in power, position, and authority. Yet his interest is in those who are humble in spirit, servants to all. This is a simple contrast. | ||
4911 | PSA | 138 | 6 | ly27 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the proud he knows from far off | This expression probably means that God is not faithful to those who are proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4912 | PSA | 138 | 7 | se2w | 0 | walk | live, exist | ||
4913 | PSA | 138 | 7 | wu4n | figs-metaphor | 0 | in the middle of danger | Being in danger is spoken of as being in a physical place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4914 | PSA | 138 | 7 | ez6k | figs-metaphor | 0 | you will reach out with your hand against the anger of my enemies | God is spoken of as if he will strike the enemies with his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4915 | PSA | 138 | 7 | uh62 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | anger of my enemies | The abstract noun “anger” can be stated as “angry.” Alternate translation: “my enemies, who are angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4916 | PSA | 138 | 8 | uma6 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, endures forever | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, remain faithful to your covenant forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4917 | PSA | 138 | 8 | hc8j | 0 | the ones whom your hands have made | This expression probably refers to the nation of Israel. | ||
4918 | PSA | 138 | 8 | m81b | figs-metaphor | 0 | your hands have made | God is spoken of as if he had physically used hands to create. Alternate translation: “you have created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4919 | PSA | 139 | intro | spl6 | 0 | Psalm 139 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 139 is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapterGod’s careGod created the psalmist in his mother’s womb and has taken care of him all of his life. No matter where he goes, God is always with him. | |||
4920 | PSA | 139 | 1 | f2ij | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4921 | PSA | 139 | 1 | m5if | 0 | For the chief musician | “This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
4922 | PSA | 139 | 1 | z372 | 0 | have examined | “have tested” | ||
4923 | PSA | 139 | 2 | rgf9 | figs-merism | 0 | when I sit down and when I get up | The psalmist uses these two actions to represent everything he does. Alternate translation: “everything I do” or “everything about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
4924 | PSA | 139 | 3 | u269 | figs-metaphor | 0 | my path and my lying down | Here “path” stands for one’s behavior. “My path and my lying down” together represent everything about the psalmist. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
4925 | PSA | 139 | 4 | i5s4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | before there is a word on my tongue | Here “word on the tongue” represents speech. Alternate translation: “before I say anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4926 | PSA | 139 | 5 | q23v | 0 | Behind me and before me you surround me | This expression refers to God’s presence everywhere. | ||
4927 | PSA | 139 | 5 | xr3g | figs-metaphor | 0 | place your hand upon me | This expression refers to guidance and help. Alternate translation: “you guide and help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4928 | PSA | 139 | 6 | yr6j | 0 | too much for me | “too much for me to understand” | ||
4929 | PSA | 139 | 6 | m18y | figs-metaphor | 0 | it is too high, and I cannot reach it | Being high and out of reach is an expression, in this case, about some knowledge that human beings cannot have. Alternate translation: “it is too difficult to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4930 | PSA | 139 | 7 | w65n | figs-rquestion | 0 | Where can I go from your Spirit?…Where can I flee from your presence? | These two questions are in parallel. The psalmist says that he cannot go away from God’s presence. Alternate translation: “I cannot escape from your Spirit.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4931 | PSA | 139 | 8 | tdr8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | if I make my bed in Sheol | “Making one’s bed” refers to staying somewhere. Alternate translation: “even if I stay in Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4932 | PSA | 139 | 9 | v6q9 | figs-hyperbole | 0 | If I fly away on the wings of the morning and go to live in the uttermost parts across the sea | The author uses exaggeration to explain that wherever he is, God is there too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) | |
4933 | PSA | 139 | 9 | rt5q | figs-metaphor | 0 | If I fly away on the wings of the morning | In the ancient near east, the sun was often imagined as if it had wings which enabled it to fly across the sky. Alternate translation: “If the sun could carry me with itself across the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4934 | PSA | 139 | 9 | iph4 | 0 | in the uttermost parts across the sea | “very far away to the west” | ||
4935 | PSA | 139 | 10 | fx9r | 0 | will hold on to me | “will help me” | ||
4936 | PSA | 139 | 11 | z546 | figs-metaphor | 0 | If I said, “Surely the darkness will cover me | The psalmist speaks of the night as if it were a blanket that could conceal him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4937 | PSA | 139 | 12 | v3s8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | The night would shine like the day | The night, which is dark, is spoken of as if it were bright with light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4938 | PSA | 139 | 13 | zvi1 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | You formed my inner parts | “Inner parts” refers to the interior organs of a person, but here the expression probably stands for the entire body. Alternate translation: “You made my entire body (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
4939 | PSA | 139 | 14 | t36w | figs-metonymy | 0 | My soul knows this very well | Here “soul” probably refers to the psalmist’s innermost ability to be certain about God’s love and guidance. The translator may, however, treat “soul” here as metonymy for the psalmist’s mind and heart. Alternate translation: “I know this with all my heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4940 | PSA | 139 | 15 | wrz7 | 0 | intricately made | “made with great complexity” | ||
4941 | PSA | 139 | 15 | r8mk | figs-metaphor | 0 | the depths of the earth | This is probably a way of speaking about a mother’s womb (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4942 | PSA | 139 | 16 | i7h1 | 0 | all the days assigned to me were recorded in your book even before the first one happened | This expression implies that ancient Israelites imagined that God wrote down his plans in a book. | ||
4943 | PSA | 139 | 17 | e3mj | 0 | How precious are your thoughts to me | “I consider your thoughts very important” or “Your thoughts are very valuable to me” | ||
4944 | PSA | 139 | 17 | j6ja | 0 | How vast is their sum! | “Your thoughts are so many.” | ||
4945 | PSA | 139 | 18 | y1h1 | figs-hyperbole | 0 | they would be more in number than the sand | This hyperbole means that the writer would be unable to count God’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “there would be more than I could count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
4946 | PSA | 139 | 19 | g2az | figs-apostrophe | 0 | get away from me, you violent men | The psalmist is only pretending to speak directly to the violent men whom he has in mind. Translators may decide to express this command as a wish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) | |
4947 | PSA | 139 | 20 | t47k | 0 | They rebel against you | “They rebel against your authority, God” | ||
4948 | PSA | 139 | 20 | lzi8 | 0 | your enemies tell lies | “your enemies lie about you” | ||
4949 | PSA | 139 | 21 | f3gc | figs-parallelism | 0 | Do I not hate those, Yahweh, who hate you? Do I not despise those who rise up against you? | These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Both of these questions actually make statements. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, I hate those who hate you! I despise those who rise up against you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
4950 | PSA | 139 | 21 | s4kn | 0 | rise up against | rebel against | ||
4951 | PSA | 139 | 23 | e3ka | figs-explicit | 0 | Examine me | This is a request for God to tell the psalmist about any sinful thoughts that he may have. Alternate translation: “Please search me” or “I beg you to search me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4952 | PSA | 139 | 23 | s3gp | figs-parallelism | 0 | Examine me, God, and know my heart; test me and know my thoughts | These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4953 | PSA | 139 | 24 | r9qy | figs-metaphor | 0 | any wicked way | Here “way” stands for behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4954 | PSA | 139 | 24 | h9f8 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the everlasting way | Here “way” refers to trust and obedience in God. Anyone who “walks” this way will have everlasting life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4955 | PSA | 140 | intro | qi17 | 0 | Psalm 140 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 140 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s protectionHe prayed that God would save him from his enemies who are lying about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) | |||
4956 | PSA | 140 | 1 | g538 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4957 | PSA | 140 | 1 | gc5w | 0 | For the chief musician | This is for the director of music to use in worship.” | ||
4958 | PSA | 140 | 2 | luc4 | 0 | they cause battles | Here “battles” probably refers to conflict of any kind, including quarrels. | ||
4959 | PSA | 140 | 3 | pz2s | figs-metaphor | 0 | Their tongues wound like serpents | People who cause conflict by what they say are spoken of as if they had tongues of serpents. Of course, snakes do not do damage with their tongues, but with their bites and especially with poison. Neither can a person make his tongue sharp. Instead, here the idea of a sharp tongue stands for speaking in a way to cause trouble. And the idea the snakes have sharp tongues stands for the fact that many of them have poison. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4960 | PSA | 140 | 4 | b8fg | figs-metaphor | 0 | the hands of the wicked | That is, the power of the wicked (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4961 | PSA | 140 | 5 | fa3u | figs-metaphor | 0 | have set a trap…have spread a net…have set a snare | The exact kinds of traps are less important than the idea that wicked and proud people are planning to make trouble for the psalmist. If your readers do not know much about different ways of trapping, you may need to reduce this to one line. Alternate translation: “have set a trap to catch me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
4962 | PSA | 140 | 6 | w5qu | figs-metonymy | 0 | listen to my cries | This is a call for help. Alternate translation: “listen to me as I call to you now for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4963 | PSA | 140 | 7 | c56x | figs-synecdoche | 0 | you shield my head in the day of battle | A person’s head is in great danger during battle. Protecting the person’s head represents protecting the whole person. Alternate translation: “you protect me when I go to war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4964 | PSA | 140 | 7 | pz1z | figs-metaphor | 0 | battle | Here “battle” probably stands for any kind of severe trouble (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4965 | PSA | 140 | 8 | c5jb | 0 | do not grant the desires of the wicked | “please do not allow the wicked to have what they desire” | ||
4966 | PSA | 140 | 8 | hdj3 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the wicked | The adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
4967 | PSA | 140 | 9 | gn44 | translate-symaction | 0 | raise their heads | This is a sign of being arrogant. Alternate translation: “are arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
4968 | PSA | 140 | 9 | x51m | 0 | let the mischief of their own lips cover them | This is a prayer that God would make the evildoers suffer from the trouble that they caused by the things they said. | ||
4969 | PSA | 140 | 9 | a8kq | figs-metaphor | 0 | the mischief of their own lips | The trouble that they themselves caused by what they said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4970 | PSA | 140 | 9 | tmk5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | cover them | That is, stop them from causing any more trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4971 | PSA | 140 | 10 | yxz6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Let burning coals fall on them; throw them into the fire | Images of fire stand for severe punishment for the wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4972 | PSA | 140 | 10 | pqf9 | 0 | bottomless pits | This is probably a reference to Sheol, the world of the dead. | ||
4973 | PSA | 140 | 11 | sf31 | figs-idiom | 0 | men of tongues | those who speak evil of others without cause (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
4974 | PSA | 140 | 11 | i174 | 0 | secure on the earth | “safe in this life” | ||
4975 | PSA | 140 | 11 | k1fm | figs-personification | 0 | may evil hunt down the violent man | Here evil is spoken of as if it were someone taking revenge on another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
4976 | PSA | 140 | 12 | em3r | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | he will give justice to the needy | The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as “just.” Alternate translation: “He will act in a just manner to help the needy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4977 | PSA | 140 | 13 | wfl7 | figs-metonymy | 0 | to your name | This represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4978 | PSA | 141 | intro | j6r9 | 0 | Psalm 141 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 141 is a psalm of deliverance from his enemies and from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s correctionThe author prayed that God would keep him from sinning. He is glad to be corrected by good people. He asked God to show that he is right by destroying the evil leaders of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) | |||
4979 | PSA | 141 | 1 | f34t | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
4980 | PSA | 141 | 1 | gns6 | 0 | crying out | “asking you for help” | ||
4981 | PSA | 141 | 1 | uq2e | figs-personification | 0 | come quickly to me | The psalmist speaks as if Yahweh were a person who needed to come from another place to help him. What the psalmist wanted Yahweh to do can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “come quickly to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
4982 | PSA | 141 | 1 | f66k | 0 | Listen to me when I call | “Please hear me when I call” or “I beg you to hear me when I call” | ||
4983 | PSA | 141 | 2 | d4jp | figs-simile | 0 | May my prayer be like incense | The psalmist asks Yahweh to accept and be pleased with his prayer the way he would accept and be pleased with incense. Alternate translation: “May the my prayer please you the way the sweet smell of incense pleases people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4984 | PSA | 141 | 2 | vz6a | figs-metonymy | 0 | my prayer | The psalmist wants Yahweh to be pleased with him because he is praying and because of the words of his prayer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4985 | PSA | 141 | 2 | f9h1 | 0 | my lifted hands | “the hands that I have lifted up.” Lifted hands are a metonym for prayer. People lifted their hands when they prayed or praised Yahweh. See how you translated “lift up your hands” in Psalms 134:2. | ||
4986 | PSA | 141 | 2 | vf7s | figs-simile | 0 | be like the evening sacrifice | The means to be like the animal that was burned on the altar in the evening. The psalmist speaks as if he wants Yahweh to be as pleased with him as he is with those who bring animals to sacrifice. He wants Yahweh to be pleased because the psalmist is praying or because of the words of his prayer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
4987 | PSA | 141 | 3 | kge1 | figs-metaphor | 0 | place a guard over my mouth | The psalmist speaks as if evil words were prisoners trying to escape from his mouth. Alternate translation: “please help me not to say things that are evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4988 | PSA | 141 | 3 | pt7y | 0 | place a guard over | “tell someone to guard” | ||
4989 | PSA | 141 | 3 | hf52 | figs-metaphor | 0 | guard the door of my lips | The psalmist speaks as if evil words were prisoners trying to escape from his mouth. Alternate translation: “please help me not to say things when I should not” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4990 | PSA | 141 | 4 | cg6p | 0 | participate in sinful activities | “do sinful deeds” | ||
4991 | PSA | 141 | 4 | ft7c | 0 | their delicacies | “their special foods” | ||
4992 | PSA | 141 | 5 | z9wf | figs-metaphor | 0 | hit me | The psalmist speaks as if giving a rebuke were physically hitting someone. Alternate translation: “rebuke me” or “hit me so I will listen when he corrects me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4993 | PSA | 141 | 5 | d396 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | it will be a kindness to me | The abstract noun “kindness” can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: “he will be acting kindly to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
4994 | PSA | 141 | 5 | vbt8 | figs-simile | 0 | it will be like oil on my head | Possible meanings are that the psalmist speaks as if a person correcting him were putting oil on his head (1) to honor him. Alternate translation: “when he corrects me, I will know that the one who corrects me is doing a good deed to me” or (2) to make his head feel better. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
4995 | PSA | 141 | 5 | sry9 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | may my head not refuse to accept it | The head is a synecdoche for the person. The litotes can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “may I accept it gladly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
4996 | PSA | 141 | 5 | m2xw | figs-metonymy | 0 | my prayer is always against their wicked deeds | The words “wicked deeds” are a metonym for the people who do the wicked deeds. Alternate translation: “I always pray that Yahweh will stop wicked people from doing evil deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
4997 | PSA | 141 | 6 | k4ld | figs-activepassive | 0 | Their leaders will be thrown down | Possible meanings are (1) “Someone will throw their leaders down” or (2) “Their leaders will throw them down.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
4998 | PSA | 141 | 6 | fj6j | 0 | cliffs | ground that goes straight down a long way | ||
4999 | PSA | 141 | 7 | b6wd | 0 | our bones have been scattered | Possible meanings are (1) “people have thrown our bones around in different directions” or (2) as a result of the fall from the cliffs (141:6) “our bodies are broken and our bones lie in disorder.” | ||
5000 | PSA | 141 | 8 | cjd2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my eyes are on you | The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am looking to see what you will do” or “I expect you to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
5001 | PSA | 141 | 8 | wm6m | figs-metaphor | 0 | in you I take refuge | “I am asking you to protect me” See how “take refuge” is translated in Psalms 118:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5002 | PSA | 141 | 8 | wls6 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my soul | The soul is a metonym for the whole person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
5003 | PSA | 141 | 9 | q9db | figs-metaphor | 0 | the snares that they have laid for me | The psalmist speaks of deceiving a good man so the good man will sin or so that the evil people can defeat him as if it were laying a trap for an animal. The word “snares” is a metonym for the people themselves. Alternate translation: “people who are looking for ways to harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5004 | PSA | 141 | 9 | y879 | 0 | snares…traps | Bible experts disagree on the exact meanings of these words. It would be best either to translate one of them with the word for a net or cage that contains the prey and the other as a rope or vine that catches the prey by the leg or neck or to translate both with the general word for “traps.” See how these words are translated in Psalms 140:5. | ||
5005 | PSA | 141 | 9 | g9xn | figs-ellipsis | 0 | from the traps of evildoers | The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “and protect me from the traps that those who do evil have set” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
5006 | PSA | 141 | 10 | zb2q | 0 | Let the wicked fall into their own nets | The psalmist speaks of evil people deceiving good people as if hunters were trapping animals. Alternate translation: “Let the wicked fall into the net traps they have made to trap other people” or “Let the bad things the wicked planned for the righteous happen to the wicked instead” | ||
5007 | PSA | 142 | intro | psy6 | 0 | Psalm 142 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 142 is a psalm of deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s helpThe psalmist is alone, and has many enemies surrounding him. Despite this, Yahweh will help him. Then, good people will join the author. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) | |||
5008 | PSA | 142 | 1 | j93h | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
5009 | PSA | 142 | 1 | p2w2 | 0 | A maschil | This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1. | ||
5010 | PSA | 142 | 1 | bue5 | 0 | cave | open place under the earth large enough for people to walk around in | ||
5011 | PSA | 142 | 1 | e46x | figs-doublet | 0 | I cry out for help to Yahweh…I plead for Yahweh’s favor | If these two lines are so much the same that the reader will get the wrong meaning, you can translate them as one line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
5012 | PSA | 142 | 1 | gl9i | 0 | with my voice | “using my voice” - | ||
5013 | PSA | 142 | 2 | e15u | figs-doublet | 0 | pour out my lament before him…I tell him my troubles | If these two lines are so much the same that the reader will get the wrong meaning, you can translate them as one line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
5014 | PSA | 142 | 2 | ay1f | figs-metaphor | 0 | pour out my lament before him | The psalmist speaks of telling Yahweh why he is sad as if he were pouring all of a liquid out of a container. Alternate translation: “I tell him all about why I am sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5015 | PSA | 142 | 2 | vh7u | 0 | tell him my troubles | “tell him about everything that makes me worry” | ||
5016 | PSA | 142 | 3 | aks7 | 0 | my spirit is weak within me | “I am weak” or “I am extremely discouraged” | ||
5017 | PSA | 142 | 3 | j7ir | figs-explicit | 0 | you know my path | “you know the path I should take.” The psalmist speaks as if what a person does were a path that that person walked along. Alternate translation: “you know the way I should live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
5018 | PSA | 142 | 3 | qy2a | figs-metaphor | 0 | In the way that I walk they have hidden a trap for me | The psalmist speaks of people wanting to harm him as if they were trying to trap an animal. Alternate translation: “They are making plans so that whatever I do they can harm me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5019 | PSA | 142 | 4 | e9h9 | figs-metonymy | 0 | my life | This is a metonym for “me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5020 | PSA | 142 | 5 | d83b | figs-metonymy | 0 | called out to you | This is a call for help. Alternate translation: “called to you now for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5021 | PSA | 142 | 5 | u3fb | 0 | my portion | Possible meanings are (1) “all I want” or (2) “all I need” or (3) “all I have.” | ||
5022 | PSA | 142 | 5 | v2uk | figs-idiom | 0 | in the land of the living | This idiom refers to a person being alive, as opposed to a person who is dead and in the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “while I am living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
5023 | PSA | 142 | 6 | t4vr | figs-metonymy | 0 | Listen to my call | This is a call for help. See how you translated this in Psalms 5:1. Alternate translation: “Listen to me as I call to you now for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5024 | PSA | 142 | 6 | y2xf | 0 | I have been brought very low | Possible meanings are (1) “I am very needy” and (2) “I am very weak.” See how “we are very low” is translated in Psalms 78:8. | ||
5025 | PSA | 142 | 7 | va7w | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Bring my soul out of prison | This is a request. The “soul” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “bring me out of prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
5026 | PSA | 142 | 7 | w9yx | figs-metonymy | 0 | give thanks to your name | The word “name” is a metonym for the person. See how you translated this in Psalms 5:11. Alternate translation: “give thanks to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5027 | PSA | 143 | intro | tm9v | 0 | Psalm 143 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 143 is a deliverance psalm. The author prays for deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s helpThe author prayed for help from Yahweh against his enemies because he is God’s servant. | |||
5028 | PSA | 143 | 1 | jk8k | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
5029 | PSA | 143 | 1 | c8pp | figs-metonymy | 0 | Hear my prayer | The words “my prayer” are a metonym for the person who is praying. See how these words are translated in Psalms 39:12. Alternate translation: “Listen to me as I pray to you” or “Be willing to do what I ask you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5030 | PSA | 143 | 2 | h1x7 | figs-idiom | 0 | Do not enter into judgment | To “enter into judgment” is an idiom that means to pronounce judgment. Alternate translation: “Please do not judge” or “I beg you not to judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
5031 | PSA | 143 | 2 | ab38 | figs-123person | 0 | your servant | The psalmist speaks of himself as if he were speaking of another person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
5032 | PSA | 143 | 2 | u6lh | figs-metaphor | 0 | in your sight no one is righteous | Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment no one is righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5033 | PSA | 143 | 3 | p6sx | figs-synecdoche | 0 | pursued my soul | Here the word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “pursued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
5034 | PSA | 143 | 3 | u666 | figs-metaphor | 0 | has crushed me to the ground | Defeating an enemy is spoken of as a heavy object crushing a lighter object on the ground. Alternate translation: “has completely defeated me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5035 | PSA | 143 | 4 | j66k | 0 | My spirit is overwhelmed within me | “I am weak” or “I am extremely discouraged” | ||
5036 | PSA | 143 | 4 | yv4a | 0 | my heart despairs | “I no longer have any hope” | ||
5037 | PSA | 143 | 5 | nii3 | 0 | call to mind | “think about” | ||
5038 | PSA | 143 | 5 | z21m | 0 | your accomplishments | “all that you have accomplished” or “all the great things you have done” | ||
5039 | PSA | 143 | 6 | i96g | figs-metonymy | 0 | spread my hands out to you | What one does with one’s body here is a metonym for the purpose of doing so. The Israelites would commonly pray while standing with their hands raised and spread out at their sides. Alternate translation: “pray to you with my hands lifted up at my sides” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5040 | PSA | 143 | 6 | c8nl | figs-metaphor | 0 | my soul thirsts for you in a parched land | The psalmist speaks of wanting to be with God as if he were in a parched land and he also was about to die of thirst. Alternate translation: “I want to be with you the way a person in a parched land who is very thirsty wants water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5041 | PSA | 143 | 6 | x1rn | figs-metaphor | 0 | my soul thirsts for you | The psalmist desires to know Yahweh. The intensity of his desire to know Yahweh is like one who is very thirsty. Alternate translation: “I long for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5042 | PSA | 143 | 6 | m3qk | figs-synecdoche | 0 | my soul | The soul is a metonym for the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
5043 | PSA | 143 | 6 | zc2r | 0 | parched land | A land where everything has died because there is no water. | ||
5044 | PSA | 143 | 7 | r837 | figs-personification | 0 | my spirit faints | Here the “spirit” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am weak” or “I am very discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
5045 | PSA | 143 | 7 | h5nt | 0 | Do not hide your face from me | This is a request. “I beg you not to hide from me” or “Please, do not hide from me” | ||
5046 | PSA | 143 | 7 | t1s2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Do not hide your face from me | The psalmist speaks of Yahweh refusing to do what the psalmist asks as if Yahweh were refusing to even look at the psalmist. This litotes can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “Do not refuse to listen to me” or “Please listen to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
5047 | PSA | 143 | 7 | yh17 | figs-euphemism | 0 | I will become like those who go down into the pit | Here the word “pit” refers to the place of the dead. This phrase is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “I will become just another dead person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
5048 | PSA | 143 | 8 | cbz8 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | Let me hear your covenant faithfulness | “Cause me to hear of your covenant faithfulness” or “Tell me of your covenant faithfulness.” The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Let me hear of how you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
5049 | PSA | 143 | 8 | z9rb | 0 | in the morning | Possible meanings are (1) “in the morning,” at the time many people thought was the best time to pray, or (2) “morning by morning,” every day. | ||
5050 | PSA | 143 | 8 | aut8 | 0 | Show me | “Tell me” | ||
5051 | PSA | 143 | 8 | e86d | figs-metaphor | 0 | the way where I should walk | The psalmist speaks of the way people live as if it were a path on which they walk. Alternate translation: “how you want me to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5052 | PSA | 143 | 8 | idb7 | 0 | for I lift up my soul to you | Possible meanings are (1) “I pray to you” or (2) “I believe that you will guide and protect me.” | ||
5053 | PSA | 143 | 9 | uh4d | 0 | I flee to you to hide | Possible meanings are (1) “I flee to you so I can hide” and (2) “I flee to you so you will hide and protect me.” | ||
5054 | PSA | 143 | 10 | hfy5 | 0 | to do your will | “to do what you want me to do” | ||
5055 | PSA | 143 | 10 | u2i6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | lead me in the land of uprightness | Possible meanings are (1) “help me to live righteously” or (2) “may my life be free of trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5056 | PSA | 143 | 10 | kpf6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the land of uprightness | Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor for righteous living or (2) “a level land,” a metaphor for life free of trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5057 | PSA | 143 | 11 | drk5 | figs-metonymy | 0 | for your name’s sake | Yahweh’s name represents his reputation and character. Alternate translation: “because of who you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5058 | PSA | 143 | 12 | d1cl | 0 | the enemies of my life | “the enemies who want to take my life” | ||
5059 | PSA | 143 | 12 | wp4f | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | In your covenant faithfulness cut off my enemies | “Show your covenant faithfulness by cutting off my enemies.” The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because you are faithful to your covenant, cut off my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
5060 | PSA | 143 | 12 | wl46 | figs-metonymy | 0 | the enemies of my life | “the enemies of my soul.” My “life” may be understood as representing the speaker. Alternate translation: “my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5061 | PSA | 144 | intro | j9c6 | 0 | Psalm 144 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 144 is a worship psalm. It is the first worship psalm in a series consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150). Special concepts in this chapterSafetyPsalm 144 is a prayer for safety and prosperity for the nation of Israel. | |||
5062 | PSA | 144 | 1 | kh8j | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
5063 | PSA | 144 | 1 | lg69 | figs-metaphor | 0 | my rock | Possible meanings are (1) “the one who keeps me safe” or (2) “the one who gives me strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5064 | PSA | 144 | 1 | r6cj | figs-synecdoche | 0 | who trains my hands for war and my fingers for battle | The words “hands” and “fingers” are synecdoches for “me.” If “war” and “battle” are the same word in your language, you can translate this as one line. Alternate translation: “who trains me for war and trains me for battle” or “who trains me for war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
5065 | PSA | 144 | 2 | k7jc | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | my covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with anadverb. Possible meanings are (1) “the one who faithfully loves me” or (2) “the one who faithfully protects me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
5066 | PSA | 144 | 2 | bpc6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | my fortress…take refuge | The psalmist uses many metaphors to emphasize that Yahweh will protect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5067 | PSA | 144 | 2 | naw2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | my high tower | David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a fortress that protects him from attack. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5068 | PSA | 144 | 2 | v4eq | figs-metaphor | 0 | my shield | David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a shield that protects a soldier. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. See how this is translated in Psalms 18:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5069 | PSA | 144 | 2 | ig17 | figs-metaphor | 0 | the one in whom I take refuge | Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “the one to whom I go so he will protect me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5070 | PSA | 144 | 2 | qyp9 | 0 | the one who subdues nations under me | “the one who enables me to defeat other nations” | ||
5071 | PSA | 144 | 3 | la8b | figs-rquestion | 0 | Yahweh, what is man that you take notice of him or the son of man that you think about him? | These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Man is so small compared to everything else you have made that I am surprised that you take notice of man and that you think about the son of man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
5072 | PSA | 144 | 3 | e6zt | figs-doublet | 0 | man…son of man | two words for human beings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
5073 | PSA | 144 | 4 | hu1p | figs-simile | 0 | like a breath…like a passing shadow | The writer compares humans to these thing to emphasize how short their lives are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
5074 | PSA | 144 | 5 | cp6t | 0 | Cause…come down…touch…make | These words should probably be translated as requests, not commands, since the psalmist knows that God is greater than he is. | ||
5075 | PSA | 144 | 5 | as4e | 0 | Cause the sky to sink | Possible meanings are (1) tear the sky open or (2) bend the heavens like a tree branch bends when someone walks on it or as one bends a bow before shooting arrows. | ||
5076 | PSA | 144 | 6 | jip6 | 0 | Send…scatter…shoot…drive | These should probably be translated as requests, not commands, since the psalmist knows that God is greater than he is. | ||
5077 | PSA | 144 | 6 | ye36 | 0 | in confusion | “so they do not know what to think or what to do” | ||
5078 | PSA | 144 | 7 | w63l | figs-metaphor | 0 | Reach out your hand from above; rescue me out of many waters | David speaks as if God were on land above a flood and had physical hands with which he could pull David out of a flood. The flood is a metaphor for the troubles caused by the “foreigners.” Alternate translation: “You who are able to act, help me overcome my troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5079 | PSA | 144 | 7 | a8fn | figs-metonymy | 0 | from the hand of foreigners | Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the power of foreigners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5080 | PSA | 144 | 8 | i188 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Their mouths speak lies | Here the word “mouths” represent the people who speak. Alternate translation: “They speak lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
5081 | PSA | 144 | 8 | f1nz | figs-metaphor | 0 | their right hand is falsehood | Possible meanings are (1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, “they lie even when they swear to tell the truth,” or (2) the “right hand” is a metaphor for power, “everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5082 | PSA | 144 | 9 | wz6d | 0 | new song | Possible meanings are (1) “a song no one has ever sung before” or (2) “a song I have never sung before.” | ||
5083 | PSA | 144 | 10 | rad1 | 0 | who give…kings, who rescued | You may end a sentence at the end of Psalms 144:9 and start a new sentence here. “you. It is you who give…kings. It is you who rescued” | ||
5084 | PSA | 144 | 10 | t9g4 | 0 | David your servant | David speaks of himself as if he were someone else. “me, David, your servant” | ||
5085 | PSA | 144 | 10 | r919 | figs-metonymy | 0 | from an evil sword | David speaks of evil people as if they were the swords they use as weapons. Alternate translation: “from evil people who were trying to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5086 | PSA | 144 | 11 | a7t7 | 0 | Rescue me and free me | “Please rescue me and free me” | ||
5087 | PSA | 144 | 11 | iv5z | figs-metonymy | 0 | from the hand of foreigners | Here “hand” refers to power. See how you translated these words in Psalms 144:7. Alternate translation: “from the power of foreigners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5088 | PSA | 144 | 11 | vu7l | figs-synecdoche | 0 | Their mouths speak lies | The people are represented by their “mouths.” See how you translated these words in Psalms 144:8. Alternate translation: “They speak lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
5089 | PSA | 144 | 11 | me9z | figs-metaphor | 0 | their right hand is falsehood | Possible meanings are (1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, “they lie even when they swear to tell the truth,” or (2) the “right hand” is a metaphor for power, “everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies.”See how you translated these words Psalms 144:8. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5090 | PSA | 144 | 12 | mxt8 | 0 | like plants who grow to full size | healthy and strong | ||
5091 | PSA | 144 | 12 | jn5c | 0 | in their youth | the time when people develop | ||
5092 | PSA | 144 | 12 | zf8s | 0 | our daughters like carved corner pillars | “may our daughters be like carved corner pillars” | ||
5093 | PSA | 144 | 12 | qvz7 | 0 | carved corner pillars | “beautiful posts that hold up the corners of a large house” | ||
5094 | PSA | 144 | 12 | ah7c | 0 | pillars, shapely like those of a palace | “pillars that are carved to make a palace beautiful” | ||
5095 | PSA | 144 | 13 | m4xe | translate-numbers | 0 | thousands and ten thousands in our fields | “thousands—even tens of thousands!—and fill up our fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
5096 | PSA | 144 | 14 | zjd7 | 0 | No one will break through our walls | “No one will be able to invade our city” | ||
5097 | PSA | 144 | 14 | r26v | figs-metonymy | 0 | no outcry | Here the outcry is associated with a severe problem that causes the person to cry out. Alternate translation: “no one crying in pain” or “no one crying for help” or “no one calling out for justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5098 | PSA | 145 | intro | nm65 | 0 | Psalm 145 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 145 is a worship psalm. This is the second in a series of worship psalms consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150). Special concepts in this chapterPraiseGod is worthy of all praise. This is in part because he does such wonderful things for all who worship him. | |||
5099 | PSA | 145 | 1 | rw8s | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
5100 | PSA | 145 | 1 | dl46 | 0 | extol you | “tell people how wonderful you are” | ||
5101 | PSA | 145 | 1 | p5ni | figs-metonymy | 0 | bless your name | The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. See how “may his glorious name be blessed” is translated in Psalms 72:19. Alternate translation: “bless you” or “do what makes you happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5102 | PSA | 145 | 2 | q3yg | figs-metonymy | 0 | praise your name | The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “praise you” or “tell people how great you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5103 | PSA | 145 | 4 | b492 | 0 | your mighty actions | “the things you can do because you are strong” | ||
5104 | PSA | 145 | 7 | ri73 | 0 | declare your abounding goodness | “tell others how very good you are” | ||
5105 | PSA | 145 | 8 | jqk7 | figs-metaphor | 0 | abounding in covenant faithfulness | The psalmist speaks of covenant faithfulness as if it were a physical object of which one could possess a large amount. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “completely faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
5106 | PSA | 145 | 9 | k61r | 0 | his tender mercies are over all his works | “people can see him showing mercy in everything he does” | ||
5107 | PSA | 145 | 10 | v1rj | 0 | All you have made will give thanks | “All the people you have made will give thanks” or “It will be as if everything you have made will give you thanks” | ||
5108 | PSA | 145 | 13 | yys6 | 0 | endures throughout all generations | “remains forever” | ||
5109 | PSA | 145 | 14 | f2te | figs-metaphor | 0 | supports all who are falling…raises up all those who are bent over | The psalmist speaks of Yahweh encouraging people as if he were helping people who were physically weak. You may need to translate both lines using only one line. AT “encourages those who are discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5110 | PSA | 145 | 15 | w41b | figs-synecdoche | 0 | The eyes of all wait | Here the word “eyes” represents those who watch and wait for Yahweh to act. Alternate translation: “Everyone watches and waits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
5111 | PSA | 145 | 16 | xft8 | 0 | You open your hand | “You generously provide” | ||
5112 | PSA | 145 | 16 | b2bx | 0 | satisfy the desire of every living thing | “you give everyone more than they need and as much as they want” | ||
5113 | PSA | 145 | 17 | h9wa | 0 | Yahweh is righteous in all his ways | “People can see from everything that Yahweh does that he is righteous” | ||
5114 | PSA | 145 | 17 | h24t | 0 | faithful in all he does | “and he is gracious in all he does” or “people can see from everything that Yahweh does that he is gracious” | ||
5115 | PSA | 145 | 18 | kq17 | figs-metaphor | 0 | is near to all those who call to him | Here “is near” means “ready to help.” Alternate translation: “is always ready to help all those who call to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5116 | PSA | 145 | 18 | v98h | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | to all who call to him in trustworthiness | The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “to all who tell only the truth when they pray” or “to all whom he trusts when they pray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
5117 | PSA | 145 | 21 | asw2 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | My mouth will speak | Here the words “My mouth” represent the one speaking. Alternate translation: “I will speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
5118 | PSA | 145 | 21 | t2tr | 0 | will speak out the praise of Yahweh | “tell everyone how good Yahweh is” | ||
5119 | PSA | 145 | 21 | nc4f | figs-metonymy | 0 | let all mankind bless his holy name | The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. See how “may his glorious name be blessed” is translated in Psalms 72:19. Alternate translation: “let all people bless him” or “let all people do what makes him happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5120 | PSA | 146 | intro | s9dj | 0 | Psalm 146 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 146 is a worship psalm. It is the third in series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) Special concepts in this chapterTrustTrusting people for protection is useless because they die. But God blesses everyone who trusts in him. He provides everything people need. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) | |||
5121 | PSA | 146 | 1 | xb8v | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
5122 | PSA | 146 | 1 | jq1j | figs-metonymy | 0 | Praise Yahweh, my soul | Here “soul” represents the writer’s inner being. The writer is commanding his inner being to praise Yahweh. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will praise Yahweh with all my soul” or “I give praise to Yahweh with all my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5123 | PSA | 146 | 2 | isg7 | 0 | with all my life | “until I die” or “while I live” | ||
5124 | PSA | 146 | 3 | x34i | figs-synecdoche | 0 | in princes | Here “princes” represents all human leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
5125 | PSA | 146 | 3 | br6l | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | in mankind, in whom there is no salvation | The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as “save.” Alternate translation: “in any person because they cannot save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
5126 | PSA | 146 | 3 | ure6 | 0 | in mankind | “in humankind” or “in people” | ||
5127 | PSA | 146 | 4 | xqq1 | figs-euphemism | 0 | When a person’s life’s breath stops | This is a polite way to refer to someone dying. Alternate translation: When a person dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
5128 | PSA | 146 | 4 | c8h2 | figs-explicit | 0 | he returns to the ground | This means that just as God made the first human, Adam, from the soil, so will a person’s body decay and become soil again when he dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
5129 | PSA | 146 | 6 | ci47 | figs-merism | 0 | Yahweh made heaven and earth | The words “heaven” and “earth” represent everything that exists in the physical universe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
5130 | PSA | 146 | 6 | ca4t | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | observes trustworthiness | The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “remains trustworthy” or “remains faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
5131 | PSA | 146 | 7 | zbn6 | 0 | He executes justice | “He decides matters fairly” | ||
5132 | PSA | 146 | 7 | kk2i | figs-nominaladj | 0 | for the oppressed | This nominal adjective can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “for oppressed people” or “for those whom other people oppress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
5133 | PSA | 146 | 7 | key9 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | to the hungry | This nominal adjective can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “to hungry people” or “to those who are hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
5134 | PSA | 146 | 8 | tjb6 | figs-metaphor | 0 | opens the eyes of the blind | Causing a blind person to see is spoken of as if Yahweh were opening the person’s eyes. Alternate translation: “causes the blind to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5135 | PSA | 146 | 8 | pav7 | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the blind | This nominal adjective can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “blind people” or “those who are blind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
5136 | PSA | 146 | 8 | ey4k | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh raises up those who are bowed down | Yahweh helping someone is spoken of as if he were physically helping someone to stand up. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helps those who are discouraged” or “Yahweh helps those who are weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5137 | PSA | 146 | 8 | ml15 | translate-symaction | 0 | who are bowed down | This action is a sign of distress or mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
5138 | PSA | 146 | 9 | l8p2 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he lifts up | God helping someone is spoken of as if he were physically lifting them up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5139 | PSA | 146 | 10 | kr81 | figs-metonymy | 0 | your God, Zion | Here “Zion” represents all the people of Israel. The writer is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were there listening to him. Alternate translation: “your God, people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) | |
5140 | PSA | 146 | 10 | il4h | figs-ellipsis | 0 | for all generations | The words “will reign” are understood. Alternate translation: “will reign for all generations” or “will reign forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
5141 | PSA | 147 | intro | z5be | 0 | Psalm 147 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 147 is a worship psalm. It is the fourth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) Special concepts in this chapterYahweh’s controlYahweh has created everything and controls all of nature. He provides for the animals and people. | |||
5142 | PSA | 147 | 1 | u7wi | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
5143 | PSA | 147 | 1 | g689 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | it is pleasant | The object may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “it is pleasant to sing praises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
5144 | PSA | 147 | 1 | i9pm | 0 | praise is suitable | “praise is fitting” or “praise is appropriate” | ||
5145 | PSA | 147 | 3 | ip6s | figs-metaphor | 0 | He heals the brokenhearted and binds up their wounds | The writer speaks of the people’s sorrow and discouragement as if they were physical wounds, and of Yahweh encouraging them as if he were healing those wounds. Alternate translation: “He encourages those who are sad and helps them to heal from their emotional wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5146 | PSA | 147 | 5 | sq6c | figs-activepassive | 0 | his understanding cannot be measured | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can measure his understanding” or “his understanding has no limit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
5147 | PSA | 147 | 6 | ret4 | figs-metaphor | 0 | Yahweh lifts up the oppressed | The writer speaks of Yahweh honoring those who are oppressed as if Yahweh were lifting them up from the ground. Alternate translation: “Yahweh honors the oppressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5148 | PSA | 147 | 6 | j87w | figs-metaphor | 0 | he brings the wicked down to the ground | The writer speaks of Yahweh humiliating the wicked as if Yahweh were forcing them to lie on the ground. Alternate translation: “he humiliates the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5149 | PSA | 147 | 7 | x7xx | 0 | with a harp | “while playing a harp” | ||
5150 | PSA | 147 | 9 | y81a | figs-ellipsis | 0 | to the young ravens when they cry | The verbal phrase can be supplied from the previous line. Alternate translation: “he gives food to the young ravens when they cry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
5151 | PSA | 147 | 9 | hrg8 | 0 | when they cry | “whey they chirp” or “when they call” | ||
5152 | PSA | 147 | 10 | ih2w | 0 | He finds no delight in the strength of a horse | “Strong horses do not delight him” | ||
5153 | PSA | 147 | 10 | vg8p | figs-metonymy | 0 | the strong legs of a man | Possible meanings are (1) “strong legs” is a metonym that represents how swiftly a man can run. Alternate translation: “men who can run swiftly” or (2) “strong legs” represents the strength of the whole man. Alternate translation: “how strong a man is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
5154 | PSA | 147 | 11 | fe9n | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | who hope in his covenant faithfulness | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with and adjective. Alternate translation: “who trust him because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
5155 | PSA | 147 | 12 | c1ra | figs-personification | 0 | Jerusalem…Zion | The writer speaks to Jerusalem, which he also calls Zion, as if it were a person. The names of the city are metonyms for the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “people of Jerusalem…people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5156 | PSA | 147 | 13 | v5j1 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | For he strengthens the bars of your gates | The phrase “the bars of your gates” represent the city as a whole. Yahweh will make Jerusalem secure from enemy invasion. Alternate translation: “For he protects Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
5157 | PSA | 147 | 13 | kjw5 | figs-metaphor | 0 | he blesses…among you | The writer speaks of those who live in Jerusalem as if they were Jerusalem’s children. Alternate translation: “he blesses those who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5158 | PSA | 147 | 14 | jv5d | 0 | He brings prosperity | “He brings peace.” Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh causes the people who live in Jerusalem to prosper materially and financially or (2) the word translated as “prosperity” means “peace” and Yahweh keeps Jerusalem safe from enemy attack. | ||
5159 | PSA | 147 | 15 | a37s | figs-personification | 0 | his command runs very swiftly | The writer describes God’s command as if it were a messenger that moves quickly to deliver God’s message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
5160 | PSA | 147 | 16 | c1ee | figs-simile | 0 | He makes the snow like wool, he scatters the frost like ashes | These emphasize how easy it is for him to do these things. He covers the ground with snow as easily as a person covers something with a wool blanket. And, he removes the frost as easily as the wind blows ashes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
5161 | PSA | 147 | 17 | nl42 | figs-simile | 0 | He dispenses the hail like crumbs | Yahweh scatters hail as easily as a person would scatter bread crumbs. Alternate translation: “He dispenses the hail easily, as if it were crumbs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
5162 | PSA | 147 | 17 | ljb8 | 0 | He dispenses | “He sends” | ||
5163 | PSA | 147 | 17 | iq6h | 0 | hail | small pieces of ice that fall from the sky like rain | ||
5164 | PSA | 147 | 17 | sid1 | figs-rquestion | 0 | who can withstand the cold he sends? | The writer uses this question to emphasize that it is difficult to endure the cold weather that Yahweh causes. Alternate translation: “no one can live in the cold he sends.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
5165 | PSA | 147 | 18 | db1u | figs-metaphor | 0 | He sends out his command and melts them | The writer speaks of Yahweh’s command as if it were his messenger. The word “command” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “He commands the ice to melt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
5166 | PSA | 147 | 19 | h3ti | figs-parallelism | 0 | He proclaimed his word to Jacob, his statutes and his righteous decrees to Israel | These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh gave his law only to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
5167 | PSA | 147 | 19 | m4av | figs-ellipsis | 0 | his statutes and his righteous decrees to Israel | The verbal phrase can be supplied from the previous line. Alternate translation: “He proclaimed his statutes and his righteous decrees to Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
5168 | PSA | 147 | 19 | c558 | figs-doublet | 0 | his statutes and his righteous decrees | The words “statutes” and “righteous decrees,” along with “word” in the previous line, all refer to the law of Moses. If your language does not have different words for these terms, you may combine the two lines into one, using either “Jacob” or “Israel” for the people who received them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
5169 | PSA | 147 | 20 | s9ly | 0 | they do not know them | The other nations do not know Yahweh’s decrees. | ||
5170 | PSA | 148 | intro | ug77 | 0 | Psalm 148 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 148 is a worship psalm. It is the fifth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) Special concepts in this chapterPraiseAll creation, including humans, should praise God for his greatness. | |||
5171 | PSA | 148 | 1 | hy45 | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
5172 | PSA | 148 | 1 | y3gp | figs-parallelism | 0 | Praise Yahweh, you in the heavens…you in the heights | “Praise Yahweh, you in the heavens…you in the sky.” These two lines are parallel, with phrase “the heights” meaning the same thing as “the heavens” in the previous line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
5173 | PSA | 148 | 3 | ri28 | figs-personification | 0 | Praise him, sun and moon | The writer speaks to the sun and moon as if they were people and commands them to praise Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Praise Yahweh, sun and moon, as people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
5174 | PSA | 148 | 3 | qw9e | figs-personification | 0 | praise him, all you shining stars | The writer speaks to the shining stars as if they were people and commands them to praise Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Praise Yahweh, shining stars, as people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
5175 | PSA | 148 | 4 | ek5l | figs-personification | 0 | Praise him, highest heaven | The phrase “highest heaven” is an idiom that refers to heaven itself. The writer speaks to heaven as if it were a person and commands it to praise Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Praise Yahweh, highest heaven, as people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
5176 | PSA | 148 | 4 | vf7i | figs-personification | 0 | you waters that are above the sky | The writer speaks to “the waters that are above the sky” as if they are people and commands them to praise Yahweh. The verbal phrase can be supplied from the previous line. Alternate translation: “praise him, you waters that are above the sky, as people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
5177 | PSA | 148 | 4 | ut7b | 0 | waters that are above the sky | The writer speaks of a place above the sky where water is stored and from which the rain comes. | ||
5178 | PSA | 148 | 5 | ch3d | figs-metonymy | 0 | Let them praise the name of Yahweh | Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “Let them praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5179 | PSA | 148 | 5 | tcm6 | figs-activepassive | 0 | they were created | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he created them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
5180 | PSA | 148 | 6 | c9ty | 0 | he issued a decree that will never change | Possible meanings are (1) “he gave a command that is permanent” or (2) “he gave a command that they will not disobey.” | ||
5181 | PSA | 148 | 6 | n8cn | 0 | he issued | “he gave” | ||
5182 | PSA | 148 | 7 | n48i | figs-metonymy | 0 | all ocean depths | This phrase represents every creature that lives in the depths of the oceans. Alternate translation: “all creatures in the ocean depths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5183 | PSA | 148 | 8 | s17i | figs-personification | 0 | fire and hail, snow and clouds, stormy wind | The writer speaks to these natural phenomena as if they are people and commands them to praise Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
5184 | PSA | 148 | 8 | u52w | 0 | stormy wind fulfilling his word | “stormy wind that does what Yahweh commands” | ||
5185 | PSA | 148 | 9 | e5cz | figs-personification | 0 | The writer continues to speak to things that are not human as if they were people and commands them to praise Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | ||
5186 | PSA | 148 | 10 | b65a | figs-merism | 0 | animals wild and tame | The words “wild” and “tame” are opposites. Together they encompass all animals. Alternate translation: “all animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
5187 | PSA | 148 | 11 | j3b1 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | The writer commands all people to praise Yahweh. | ||
5188 | PSA | 148 | 11 | w92u | figs-metonymy | 0 | all nations | The word “nations” represents the people who live in those nations. Alternate translation: “people of every nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5189 | PSA | 148 | 12 | g9p4 | figs-merism | 0 | young men and young women, elderly and children | The writer uses two merisms, one related to gender and one related to age, to represent every person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
5190 | PSA | 148 | 13 | r7cb | figs-metonymy | 0 | the name of Yahweh, for his name alone | Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, for he alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5191 | PSA | 148 | 13 | lr9t | figs-metaphor | 0 | his glory extends over the earth and the heavens | The writer speaks of Yahweh’s greatness as his glory being high above earth and heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5192 | PSA | 148 | 14 | qn5e | figs-metaphor | 0 | He has lifted up the horn of his people | The writer speaks of strength as if it were the horn of an animal. Lifting up an animal horn was a symbolic action that represented military victory. Alternate translation: “He has made his people strong” or “He has given his people victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
5193 | PSA | 148 | 14 | wv8t | 0 | for praise from all his faithful ones | “so that all his faithful ones praise him” | ||
5194 | PSA | 148 | 14 | n4ru | figs-metaphor | 0 | the people near to him | The writer speaks of Yahweh loving his people as if his people were physically close to him. Alternate translation: “the people he loves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
5195 | PSA | 149 | intro | au8i | 0 | Psalm 149 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 149 is a worship psalm. It is the sixth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) Special concepts in this chapterPraiseThe people of Israel should praise God and conquer the other nations. | |||
5196 | PSA | 149 | 1 | p2dk | figs-pronouns | 0 | General Information: | The psalmist is speaking to all of God’s people, so you should use the plural command form if your language has one. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
5197 | PSA | 149 | 1 | e71a | 0 | a new song | Possible meanings are (1) “a song you have never sung before” or (2) a song no one has ever sung before. | ||
5198 | PSA | 149 | 1 | vlr1 | 0 | sing his praise | “praise him with songs” | ||
5199 | PSA | 149 | 2 | r1nd | 0 | rejoice in the one who made them | Possible meanings are (1) “rejoice because he made them” or (2) “rejoice because the one who made them is good.” | ||
5200 | PSA | 149 | 2 | jyp7 | 0 | rejoice in their king | The words “their king” is likely a reference to God. Possible meanings are (1) “rejoice because he is their king” or (2) “rejoice because their king is good.” | ||
5201 | PSA | 149 | 3 | isj6 | figs-metonymy | 0 | praise his name | The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “praise him” or “tell people how great he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5202 | PSA | 149 | 3 | pu1i | translate-unknown | 0 | tambourine | a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
5203 | PSA | 149 | 4 | hrp8 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | glorifies the humble with salvation | The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “glorifies the humble by saving them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
5204 | PSA | 149 | 4 | t8tz | figs-nominaladj | 0 | the humble | This can be restated to remove the nominal adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
5205 | PSA | 149 | 5 | b5tj | figs-explicit | 0 | on their beds | The translation can make explicit that this refers to when a person lies down at night to sleep in a bed. Alternate translation: “as they lie down to sleep at night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
5206 | PSA | 149 | 6 | s1s6 | figs-synecdoche | 0 | May the praises of God be in their mouths | The mouth represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “May they always be ready to praise God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
5207 | PSA | 149 | 6 | pq93 | figs-ellipsis | 0 | a two-edged sword in their hand | If swords are not known, use the name of a local weapon. The word “sword” is a metonym for being ready to fight in war. Alternate translation: “may they always be ready to go to war for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5208 | PSA | 149 | 7 | c66f | figs-metonymy | 0 | the nations | The phrase “the nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
5209 | PSA | 149 | 8 | ka3y | 0 | chains | These are made of heavy metal and restrict the movement of prisoners. | ||
5210 | PSA | 149 | 8 | ety5 | 0 | shackles | a pair of chains or bands with a chain between that limits the movement of both a person’s hands or feet. | ||
5211 | PSA | 149 | 9 | jie7 | figs-abstractnouns | 0 | They will execute the judgment that is written | The abstract noun “judgment” can be stated as “judge.” Alternate translation: “They will judge and punish the people of those nations as God wrote should be done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
5212 | PSA | 150 | intro | r7f5 | 0 | Psalm 150 General NotesType of psalmPsalm 150 is a worship psalm. It is last in a series of worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) Special concepts in this chapterInstrumentsPeople should praise Yahweh with every type of musical instrument. | |||
5213 | PSA | 150 | 1 | jx5k | writing-poetry | 0 | General Information: | This focuses on praise or worship that is most commonly held in the temple. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
5214 | PSA | 150 | 1 | djp3 | 0 | Praise God in his holy place | God’s temple was often referred to as his holy place. This was the most common place to go to worship God. | ||
5215 | PSA | 150 | 2 | e6ff | 0 | his mighty acts | “the great things he has done.” God’s “mighty acts” can possibly mean (1) natural such as thunderstorms and earthquakes or (2) miraculous such as healings and great victories in battle. | ||
5216 | PSA | 150 | 3 | uqx4 | 0 | General Information: | This chunk focuses on praising or worshiping God with musical instruments and dance. | ||
5217 | PSA | 150 | 4 | m4dg | translate-unknown | 0 | tambourines | A tambourine is a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
5218 | PSA | 150 | 5 | yat3 | translate-unknown | 0 | cymbals | two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
5219 | PSA | 150 | 6 | c7iw | 0 | General Information: | This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 5 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 107 and ends with Psalm 150. | ||
5220 | PSA | 150 | 6 | ht6z | figs-hyperbole | 0 | everything that has breath | This is an exaggeration that calls on all people who are alive to praise God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |