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Though they curse me
The word "they" refers to the people who accuse David and say bad things about him.
may they be put to shame
AT: "may they be ashamed" or "let them be ashamed" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)
but may your servant rejoice
David uses the phrase "your servant" to refer to himself. AT: "but may I, your servant, rejoice" or "I am your servant, let me rejoice"
be clothed with shame
AT: "will be very ashamed" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive, rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor, and 5. Clothing is a Moral Quality in en:ta:workbench:translate:biblicalimagery)
May my adversaries be clothed ... and may they wear ...
These two phrase have them same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism)
and may they wear their shame like a robe
AT: "and their shame will cover them just like their robe is wrapped around them." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile)