2.1 KiB
Jude continues with a series of metaphors
These are the ones
"These" refers to the ungodly men.
who are hidden reefs
Like under water rocks that can sink ships, these people are a danger to the believers. Alternate Translation: "who are like dangerous rocks hidden under the water." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
in your love-feasts, when they feast with you
feasts, when they feast with you** - "in your fellowship meals, when they eat with you".
clouds without water
Like clouds that do not provide water to the gardens, these people do not care for the believers. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
autumn trees without fruit
As some trees do not produce fruit at the end of summer, so these ungodly people do not have faith and works of righteousness. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
without fruit, twice dead
Like trees that have been killed twice such as by frost would not give fruit, so the ungodly men have no values and contain no life within them.(See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
torn up by the roots
Like trees that have been completely pulled out of the ground by their roots, the ungodly people have been separated from God who is the source of life. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
wild waves of the sea
As the sea's waves are blown by a strong wind, so the ungodly people had no foundation of faith and were easily moved in many directions.(See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
foaming out of their own shame
As wind causes wild waves to stir up dirty foam, so these men through their false teaching and actions shame themselves. Alternate translation: "just like waves bring up foam and dirt, these men pollute others with their shame." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
wandering stars for whom the blackness of darkness has been reserved forever
Just like stars that move move across the sky making it difficult to follow them, so you should not follow these people. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)