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When you were dead
"When you Colossian believers were spiritually dead"
dead in your trespasses and in the uncircumcision of your flesh
you were dead on two accounts, 1) you were spiritually dead living a life of of sin against Christ and 2) you were not circumcised according to the law of Moses.
he made you
"Jesus Christ made you Colossian believers"
forgave us all of our trespasses
"Jesus Christ forgave us, both us Jews and you Gentiles, of all our trespasses"
you were dead...he made you alive
This metaphor shows how coming from a sinful life into a new spiritual life is like a dead person coming back to life physically. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
He erased the written record of debts charged against us and the supporting regulations
This metaphor compares how God can take away our sins (debts) and pardon us for breaking God's laws (regulations) just as a person can erase items written on a paper list. (See:rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
led them in a victory procession
In Roman times, is was common practice for the roman armies to have a "victory parade" when they return home, displaying all the prisoners they captured and goods obtained.