en_tn/en_tn_59-HEB.tsv

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1BookChapterVerseIDSupportReferenceOrigQuoteOccurrenceGLQuoteOccurrenceNote
2HEBfrontintroxy4n0
3HEB1introaaf90
4HEB11c5f30General Information:

Although this letter does not mention the recipients to whom it was sent, the author wrote particularly to Hebrews (Jews), who would have understood the many Old Testament references.

5HEB11c5f30General Information:

This prologue lays the background for the whole book: the unsurpassing greatness of the Son — the Son is greater than all. The book begins with emphasizing that the Son is better than the prophets and the angels.

6HEB12scr8ἐπ’ ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν τούτων1in these last days
7HEB12d386guidelines-sonofgodprinciplesἐν Υἱῷ1through a Son
8HEB12i93zfigs-metaphorἔθηκεν κληρονόμον πάντων1to be the heir of all things
9HEB12gqj8δι’ οὗ καὶ ἐποίησεν τοὺς αἰῶνας;1It is through him that God also made the universe

It is through the Son that God also made all things

10HEB13hn4qἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης1the brightness of God's glory
11HEB13b7jcτῆς δόξης, χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ1glory, the exact representation of his being
12HEB13ms8zfigs-metonymyτῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ1the word of his power
13HEB13l1pgfigs-abstractnounsκαθαρισμὸν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ποιησάμενος1After he had made cleansing for sins
14HEB13f729figs-metaphorκαθαρισμὸν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ποιησάμενος1he had made cleansing for sins
15HEB13xij7translate-symactionἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς Μεγαλωσύνης ἐν ὑψηλοῖς1he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high
16HEB13ir7xfigs-metonymyδεξιᾷ τῆς Μεγαλωσύνης ἐν ὑψηλοῖς1the Majesty on high
17HEB14mn1p0General Information:
18HEB14x4bhγενόμενος1He has become

The Son has become

19HEB14fzg3figs-metonymyὅσῳ διαφορώτερον παρ’ αὐτοὺς, κεκληρονόμηκεν ὄνομα1as the name he has inherited is more excellent than their name
20HEB14qt7qfigs-metaphorκεκληρονόμηκεν1he has inherited
21HEB15ww5hfigs-rquestionτίνι γὰρ εἶπέν ποτε τῶν ἀγγέλων, “Υἱός μου εἶ σύ ... μοι εἰς Υἱόν?”1
22HEB15t48efigs-parallelismΥἱός μου εἶ σύ ... ἐγὼ ... γεγέννηκά σε1You are my son ... I have become your father

These two phrases mean essentially the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

23HEB16b6dy0General Information:
24HEB16b4s2figs-metaphorτὸν πρωτότοκον1the firstborn
25HEB16n7phλέγει1he says

God says

26HEB17isd8figs-metaphorὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα καὶ τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα1He is the one who makes his angels spirits, and his servants flames of fire
27HEB18vl1n0General Information:

This scriptual quotation comes from the Psalms.

28HEB18p1xxπρὸς δὲ τὸν Υἱόν1But to the Son he says

But God says this to the Son

29HEB18b155guidelines-sonofgodprinciplesτὸν Υἱόν1Son

This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

30HEB18ewm4figs-metonymyὁ θρόνος σου, ὁ Θεὸς, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος1Your throne, God, is forever and ever
31HEB18k4cffigs-metonymyἡ ῥάβδος τῆς εὐθύτητος ῥάβδος τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ1The scepter of your kingdom is the scepter of justice
32HEB19t9ywfigs-metaphorἔχρισέν σε ... ἔλαιον ἀγαλλιάσεως παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους σου1has anointed you with the oil of joy more than your companions
33HEB110nsd40General Information:

This quotation comes from another Psalm.

34HEB110zp5r0Connecting Statement:

The author continues explaining that Jesus is superior to the angels.

35HEB110tmu5κατ’ ἀρχάς1In the beginning

Before anything existed

36HEB110j64kfigs-metaphorσὺ τὴν γῆν ἐθεμελίωσας' γῆν ἐθεμελίωσας1you laid the earth's foundation
37HEB110r19vfigs-metonymyἔργα τῶν χειρῶν σού εἰσιν οἱ οὐρανοί1The heavens are the work of your hands
38HEB111a6leαὐτοὶ ἀπολοῦνται1They will perish
39HEB111qy4efigs-simileὡς ἱμάτιον παλαιωθήσονται1wear out like a piece of clothing

The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were a piece of clothing that will get old and eventually become useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

40HEB112n4hlfigs-simileὡσεὶ περιβόλαιον ἑλίξεις αὐτούς1roll them up like a cloak

The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were a robe or another kind of outer garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

41HEB112iv4rfigs-simileὡς ἱμάτιον ἀλλαγήσονται1they will be changed like a piece of clothing

The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were clothing that could be exchanged for other clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

42HEB112i761figs-activepassiveἀλλαγήσονται1they will be changed
43HEB112v5mffigs-metaphorἔτη σου οὐκ ἐκλείψουσιν1your years do not end
44HEB113pqs90General Information:

This quotation comes from another Psalm.

45HEB113kz68figs-rquestionπρὸς τίνα δὲ τῶν ἀγγέλων εἴρηκέν ποτε ... τῶν ποδῶν σου?”1
46HEB113s6k7translate-symactionκάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου1Sit at my right hand
47HEB113ulp5figs-metaphorἕως θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου1until I make your enemies a stool for your feet

Christ's enemies are spoken of as if they will become an object on which a king rests his feet. This image represents defeat and dishonor for his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

48HEB114fk5vfigs-rquestionοὐχὶ πάντες εἰσὶν λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα ... κληρονομεῖν σωτηρίαν?1Are not all angels spirits ... inherit salvation?
49HEB114v541figs-metaphorδιὰ τοὺς μέλλοντας κληρονομεῖν σωτηρίαν1for those who will inherit salvation
50HEB2intros2gd0
51HEB21x7px0Connecting Statement:

This is the first of five urgent warnings the author gives.

52HEB21c72ffigs-inclusiveδεῖ ... ἡμᾶς1we must
53HEB21ayd1figs-metaphorμήποτε παραρυῶμεν1so that we do not drift away from it
54HEB22j4fafigs-explicitεἰ γὰρ ὁ δι’ ἀγγέλων λαληθεὶς λόγος1For if the message that was spoken through the angels
55HEB22k5kbεἰ γὰρ ὁ ... λόγος1For if the message
56HEB22u52ifigs-metonymyπᾶσα παράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ ἔλαβεν ἔνδικον μισθαποδοσίαν1every trespass and disobedience receives just punishment
57HEB22y2y7figs-doubletπαράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ1trespass and disobedience

These two words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

58HEB23fv4qfigs-rquestionπῶς ἡμεῖς ἐκφευξόμεθα τηλικαύτης ἀμελήσαντες σωτηρίας?1how then can we escape if we ignore so great a salvation?
59HEB23i2zvἀμελήσαντες1ignore
60HEB23gm6vfigs-activepassiveἥτις ἀρχὴν λαβοῦσα, λαλεῖσθαι διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου, ὑπὸ τῶν ἀκουσάντων εἰς ἡμᾶς ἐβεβαιώθη1This is salvation that was first announced by the Lord and confirmed to us by those who heard it
61HEB24m2p8κατὰ αὐτοῦ θέλησιν1according to his will

in just the way he wanted to do it

62HEB25jh560General Information:

The quotation here is from the book of Psalms in the Old Testament. It continues on through the next section.

63HEB25v7qf0Connecting Statement:

The writer reminds these Hebrew believers that the earth will one day be under the rule of the Lord Jesus.

64HEB25i3bhοὐ γὰρ ἀγγέλοις ὑπέταξεν1For it was not to the angels that God subjected

For God did not make the angels rulers over

65HEB25rqr9figs-metonymyτὴν οἰκουμένην τὴν μέλλουσαν1the world to come
66HEB26df5afigs-rquestionτί ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος, ὅτι μιμνῄσκῃ αὐτοῦ1What is man, that you are mindful of him?
67HEB26wkd9figs-idiomἢ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου, ὅτι ἐπισκέπτῃ αὐτόν?1Or a son of man, that you care for him?
68HEB26e47vfigs-ellipsisἢ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου1Or a son of man
69HEB27ka5afigs-metaphorἠλάττωσας βραχύ παρ’ ἀγγέλους1a little lower than the angels
70HEB27tjn6figs-genericnounἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν ... ἐστεφάνωσας αὐτόν1made man ... crowned him
71HEB27s85xfigs-metaphorδόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ἐστεφάνωσας αὐτόν1you crowned him with glory and honor
72HEB28ac9ffigs-genericnounτῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ ... αὐτῷ1his feet ... to him
73HEB28k5j2figs-metaphorπάντα ὑπέταξας ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ1You put everything in subjection under his feet
74HEB28rf44figs-doublenegativesοὐδὲν ἀφῆκεν αὐτῷ ἀνυπότακτον1He did not leave anything not subjected to him
75HEB28xy7cοὔπω ὁρῶμεν αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα ὑποτεταγμένα1we do not yet see everything subjected to him

we know that humans are not in control of everything yet

76HEB29ijd10Connecting Statement:

The writer reminds these Hebrew believers that Christ became lower than the angels when he came to earth to suffer death for forgiveness of sins, and that he became a merciful high priest to believers.

77HEB29gi12βλέπομεν Ἰησοῦν1we see him

we know there is one

78HEB29ma4jfigs-activepassiveἠλαττωμένον1who was made
79HEB29i4fcπαρ’ ἀγγέλους ἠλαττωμένον ... δόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ἐστεφανωμένον1lower than the angels ... crowned with glory and honor

See how you translated these words in Hebrews 2:7.

80HEB29bil4figs-metaphorγεύσηται θανάτου1he might taste death
81HEB210r899figs-metaphorπολλοὺς υἱοὺς εἰς δόξαν ἀγαγόντα1bring many sons to glory
82HEB210l95yfigs-gendernotationsπολλοὺς υἱοὺς1many sons
83HEB210sw9tfigs-metaphorτὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς σωτηρίας αὐτῶν1the leader of their salvation
84HEB210l321figs-metaphorτελειῶσαι1complete

Becoming mature and completely trained is spoken of as if a person were made complete, perhaps complete in all his body parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

85HEB211jy9p0General Information:

This prophetic quotation comes from a Psalm of King David.

86HEB211ky9vὅ ... ἁγιάζων1the one who sanctifies
87HEB211jzw3figs-activepassiveοἱ ἁγιαζόμενοι1those who are sanctified
88HEB211bj7ifigs-explicitἐξ ἑνὸς1have one source
89HEB211ul23οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται1he is not ashamed

Jesus is not ashamed

90HEB211k1q5figs-doublenegativesοὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοὺς καλεῖν1is not ashamed to call them brothers
91HEB211a8h9figs-gendernotationsἀδελφοὺς1brothers

Here this refers to all who have believed in Jesus, including both men and women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])

92HEB212e88pfigs-metonymyἀπαγγελῶ τὸ ὄνομά σου τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου1I will proclaim your name to my brothers
93HEB212tn8nἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας1from inside the assembly

when believers come together to worship God

94HEB213dx1q0General Information:

The prophet Isaiah wrote these quotations.

95HEB213s1fpκαὶ πάλιν,1And again,

And a prophet wrote in another scripture passage what Christ said about God:

96HEB213xap9figs-metaphorτὰ παιδία1the children
97HEB214qj3dfigs-metaphorτὰ παιδία1the children
98HEB214ndv2figs-idiomκεκοινώνηκεν αἵματος καὶ σαρκός1share in flesh and blood
99HEB214fy7aαὐτὸς παραπλησίως μετέσχεν τῶν αὐτῶν1he likewise shared in the same
100HEB214p878figs-abstractnounsδιὰ τοῦ θανάτου1through death
101HEB214ij54figs-abstractnounsτὸ κράτος ἔχοντα τοῦ θανάτου1has the power of death
102HEB215w3crfigs-metaphorἀπαλλάξῃ τούτους, ὅσοι φόβῳ θανάτου, διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ζῆν, ἔνοχοι ἦσαν δουλείας1This was so that he would free all those who through fear of death lived all their lives in slavery
103HEB216d4ccfigs-metaphorσπέρματος Ἀβραὰμ1the seed of Abraham
104HEB217agw2ὤφειλεν1it was necessary for him

it was necessary for Jesus

105HEB217v3pwτοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ὁμοιωθῆναι1like his brothers
106HEB217u6chεἰς τὸ ἱλάσκεσθαι τὰς ἁμαρτίας τοῦ λαοῦ1he would bring about the pardon of the people's sins
107HEB218xde4figs-activepassiveπειρασθείς1was tempted
108HEB218a3a6figs-activepassiveπειραζομένοις1who are tempted
109HEB3intromu260
110HEB31m1cv0Connecting Statement:

This second warning is longer and more detailed and includes chapters 3 and 4. The writer begins by showing that Christ is better than his servant Moses.

111HEB31tp7efigs-metaphorἀδελφοὶ ἅγιοι1holy brothers
112HEB31af15figs-metonymyκλήσεως ἐπουρανίου μέτοχοι1you share in a heavenly calling
113HEB31zma3τὸν ἀπόστολον καὶ ἀρχιερέα τῆς1the apostle and high priest
114HEB31mnd4figs-abstractnounsτῆς ὁμολογίας ἡμῶν1of our confession
115HEB32eqp7figs-metaphorἐν τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ1in God's house
116HEB33py5nfigs-activepassiveοὗτος ... ἠξίωται1Jesus has been considered
117HEB34f8n8figs-metaphorὁ ... πάντα κατασκευάσας1the one who built everything

God's acts of creating the world are spoken of as if he had built a house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

118HEB34wvw1figs-activepassiveπᾶς ... οἶκος κατασκευάζεται ὑπό τινος1every house is built by someone
119HEB35d57qfigs-metaphorἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ1in God's entire house

The Hebrew people to whom God revealed himself are spoken of as if they were a literal house. See how you translated this in Hebrews 3:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

120HEB35m4xrfigs-metonymyεἰς μαρτύριον τῶν1bearing witness about the things
121HEB35gt8cfigs-activepassiveλαληθησομένων1were to be spoken of in the future
122HEB36dgt5guidelines-sonofgodprinciplesΥἱὸς1Son

This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

123HEB36djm7figs-metaphorἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ1in charge of God's house
124HEB36ly4xfigs-metaphorοὗ οἶκός ἐσμεν ἡμεῖς1We are his house
125HEB36kp9yfigs-abstractnounsἐὰν τὴν παρρησίαν καὶ τὸ καύχημα τῆς ἐλπίδος κατάσχωμεν1if we hold fast to our courage and the hope of which we boast
126HEB37c4sl0General Information:

This quotation comes from the Old Testament in the book of Psalms.

127HEB37z2uk0Connecting Statement:

The warning here is a reminder that the Israelites' unbelief kept almost all of them from entering into the land that God had promised them.

128HEB37u66qfigs-metonymyἐὰν τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούσητε1if you hear his voice
129HEB38gl2kfigs-metonymyμὴ σκληρύνητε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν1do not harden your hearts
130HEB38lik3figs-abstractnounsὡς ἐν τῷ παραπικρασμῷ, κατὰ τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ, ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ1as in the rebellion, in the time of testing in the wilderness
131HEB39e6n70General Information:

This quotation is from the Psalms.

132HEB39i3wbfigs-youοἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν1your ancestors
133HEB39q7c2ἐν δοκιμασίᾳ1by testing me
134HEB310we42translate-numbersτεσσεράκοντα ἔτη1forty years
135HEB310upb8προσώχθισα1I was displeased
136HEB310kh4vfigs-metaphorἀεὶ πλανῶνται τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοὶ1They have always gone astray in their hearts
137HEB310l5t7figs-metaphorοὐκ ἔγνωσαν τὰς ὁδούς μου1They have not known my ways
138HEB311tz3lfigs-metaphorεἰ ‘εἰσελεύσονται εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσίν μου1They will never enter my rest
139HEB312gv84figs-metaphorἀδελφοί1brothers
140HEB312lma5figs-metonymyμήποτε ἔσται ἔν τινι ὑμῶν καρδία πονηρὰ ἀπιστίας, ἐν τῷ ἀποστῆναι ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ζῶντος1there will not be anyone with an evil heart of unbelief, a heart that turns away from the living God
141HEB312kjm7Θεοῦ ζῶντος1the living God

the true God who is really alive

142HEB313d3k2ἄχρις οὗ, τὸ “σήμερον”, καλεῖται1
143HEB313m1e7figs-activepassiveμὴ σκληρυνθῇ τις ἐξ ὑμῶν ἀπάτῃ τῆς ἁμαρτίας1no one among you will be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin
144HEB313b198figs-abstractnounsμὴ σκληρυνθῇ τις ἐξ ὑμῶν ἀπάτῃ τῆς ἁμαρτίας1no one among you will be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin
145HEB314znu50General Information:

This continues the quotation from the same psalm that was also quoted in Hebrews 3:7.

146HEB314f52jfigs-inclusiveγὰρ ... γεγόναμεν1For we have become
147HEB314e753ἐάνπερ ... τῆς ὑποστάσεως ... βεβαίαν κατάσχωμεν1if we firmly hold to our confidence in him

if we continue to confidently trust in him

148HEB314j3aqτὴν ἀρχὴν1from the beginning

from when we first begin to believe in him

149HEB314l9enfigs-euphemismμέχρι τέλους1to the end
150HEB315bym1figs-activepassiveλέγεσθαι1it has been said
151HEB315wa11figs-metonymyἐὰν τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούσητε1if you hear his voice
152HEB315j8dhfigs-abstractnounsὡς ἐν τῷ παραπικρασμῷ1as in the rebellion
153HEB316b4jyfigs-inclusive0General Information:
154HEB316pwl2figs-rquestionτίνες γὰρ ἀκούσαντες παρεπίκραναν? ἀλλ’ οὐ πάντες οἱ ἐξελθόντες ἐξ Αἰγύπτου διὰ Μωϋσέως?1Who was it who heard God and rebelled? Was it not all those who came out of Egypt through Moses?
155HEB317swy4figs-rquestionτίσιν δὲ προσώχθισεν τεσσεράκοντα ἔτη? οὐχὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτήσασιν, ὧν τὰ κῶλα ἔπεσεν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ?1With whom was he angry for forty years? Was it not with those who sinned, whose dead bodies fell in the wilderness?
156HEB317aha2translate-numbersτεσσεράκοντα ἔτη1forty years
157HEB318l1gcfigs-rquestionτίσιν δὲ ὤμοσεν μὴ εἰσελεύσεσθαι εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν αὐτοῦ, εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἀπειθήσασιν?1To whom did he swear that they would not enter his rest, if it was not to those who disobeyed him?
158HEB318q16ufigs-metaphorμὴ εἰσελεύσεσθαι τὴν κατάπαυσιν αὐτοῦ1they would not enter his rest
159HEB319x18zfigs-abstractnounsδι’ ἀπιστίαν1because of unbelief
160HEB4introu72n0
161HEB41n98m0Connecting Statement:

Chapter 4 continues the warning to believers starting in Hebrews 3:7. God, through the writer, gives believers a rest of which God's rest in the creation of the world is a picture.

162HEB41ay25οὖν1Therefore
163HEB41zta2figs-metaphorμήποτε καταλειπομένης ἐπαγγελίας εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν αὐτοῦ, δοκῇ τις ἐξ ὑμῶν ὑστερηκέναι1none of you might seem to have failed to reach the promise left behind for you to enter God's rest
164HEB41ev85figs-metaphorεἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν αὐτοῦ1to enter God's rest
165HEB42m74hfigs-activepassiveγάρ ἐσμεν εὐηγγελισμένοι καθάπερ κἀκεῖνοι1For we were told the good news just as they were
166HEB42znk9καθάπερ κἀκεῖνοι1as they were
167HEB42zza4figs-doublenegativesἀλλ’ οὐκ ὠφέλησεν ὁ λόγος τῆς ἀκοῆς ἐκείνους, μὴ συνκεκερασμένους τῇ πίστει τοῖς ἀκούσασιν1But that message did not benefit those who did not unite in faith with those who obeyed
168HEB43v4q41General Information:
169HEB43u5yhοἱ πιστεύσαντες1we who have believed

we who believe

170HEB43w6t4figs-metaphorεἰσερχόμεθα ... εἰς κατάπαυσιν οἱ πιστεύσαντες1we who have believed enter that rest
171HEB43x2kqκαθὼς εἴρηκεν1just as he said

just as God said

172HEB43qfs8ὡς ὤμοσα ἐν τῇ ὀργῇ μου1As I swore in my wrath

As I swore when I was very angry

173HEB43k1ldfigs-metaphorεἰ εἰσελεύσονται τὴν κατάπαυσίν μου1They will never enter my rest
174HEB43x8zvfigs-activepassiveτῶν ἔργων ... γενηθέντων1his works were finished
175HEB43vym3figs-metaphorἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου1from the foundation of the world
176HEB44hbm5translate-ordinalτῆς ἑβδόμης1the seventh day
177HEB46zq16figs-activepassiveἀπολείπεται τινὰς εἰσελθεῖν εἰς αὐτήν1it still remains that some will enter his rest
178HEB47y2tm0General Information:

Here we find out that this quotation from the Psalms was written by David (Hebrews 3:7-8).

179HEB47bp6ufigs-metaphorἐὰν τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούσητε1if you hear his voice
180HEB47lsp6figs-metonymyμὴ σκληρύνητε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν1do not harden your hearts
181HEB48r56z0Connecting Statement:

Here the writer warns believers not to disobey but to enter into the rest God offers. He reminds them that God's word will convict them and that they can come in prayer with the confidence that God will help them.

182HEB48mdq9figs-metaphorεἰ ... αὐτοὺς Ἰησοῦς κατέπαυσεν1if Joshua had given them rest
183HEB49vhx9figs-activepassiveἀπολείπεται σαββατισμὸς τῷ λαῷ' τοῦ Θεοῦ1there is still a Sabbath rest reserved for God's people
184HEB49qe6xfigs-metaphorσαββατισμὸς1a Sabbath rest
185HEB410ej9yfigs-metaphorὁ ... εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν αὐτοῦ1he who enters into God's rest
186HEB411bmg5figs-metaphorσπουδάσωμεν ... εἰσελθεῖν ἐκείνην τὴν κατάπαυσιν1let us be eager to enter that rest
187HEB411rtj7figs-metaphorν τῷ αὐτῷ τις ὑποδείγματι πέσῃ τῆς ἀπειθείας1will fall into the kind of disobedience that they did
188HEB412h5d2ζῶν ... ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ1the word of God is living
189HEB412j9qyfigs-personificationζῶν ... καὶ ἐνεργὴς1living and active

This speaks about God's word as if it were alive. It means when God speaks, it is powerful and effective. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

190HEB412g4tcfigs-metaphorτομώτερος, ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν μάχαιραν δίστομον1sharper than any two-edged sword

A two-edged sword can easily cut through a person's flesh. God's word is very effective in showing what is in a person's heart and thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

191HEB412lv6yμάχαιραν δίστομον1two-edged sword

a sword with a blade that is sharp on both edges

192HEB412e7kvfigs-metaphorκαὶ διϊκνούμενος ἄχρι μερισμοῦ ψυχῆς καὶ πνεύματος, ἁρμῶν τε καὶ μυελῶν1It pierces even to the dividing of soul and spirit, of joints and marrow

This continues speaking about God's word as if it were a sword. Here the sword is so sharp that it can cut through and divide parts of the human that are very difficult or even impossible to divide. This means that there is nothing inside us that we can hide from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

193HEB412m6f2ψυχῆς καὶ πνεύματος1soul and spirit
194HEB412sc3mἁρμῶν τε καὶ μυελῶν1joints and marrow
195HEB412n6n5figs-personificationκριτικὸς1is able to discern
196HEB412xdu4figs-metonymyἐνθυμήσεων καὶ ἐννοιῶν καρδίας1the thoughts and intentions of the heart
197HEB413nx6nfigs-activepassiveοὐκ ἔστιν κτίσις ἀφανὴς ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ1Nothing created is hidden before God
198HEB413f3h1figs-metaphorπάντα ... γυμνὰ καὶ τετραχηλισμένα1everything is bare and open
199HEB413yk64figs-doubletγυμνὰ καὶ τετραχηλισμένα1bare and open

These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that nothing is hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

200HEB413i9hhfigs-metaphorτοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς αὐτοῦ πρὸς ὃν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος1to the eyes of the one to whom we must give account
201HEB414a51pδιεληλυθότα τοὺς οὐρανούς1who has passed through the heavens

who has entered where God is

202HEB414ph6zguidelines-sonofgodprinciplesτὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ1Son of God

This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

203HEB414vt4vfigs-metaphorκρατῶμεν τῆς ὁμολογίας1let us firmly hold to our beliefs
204HEB415i2fwfigs-doublenegativesοὐ ... ἔχομεν ἀρχιερέα μὴ δυνάμενον συνπαθῆσαι ... δὲ1we do not have a high priest who cannot feel sympathy ... Instead, we have
205HEB415d26hfigs-activepassiveπεπειρασμένον ... κατὰ πάντα καθ’ ὁμοιότητ1who has in all ways been tempted as we are
206HEB415fve3χωρὶς ἁμαρτίας1he is without sin

he did not sin

207HEB416aj1pfigs-metonymyτῷ θρόνῳ τῆς χάριτος1to the throne of grace
208HEB416py6dfigs-metaphorλάβωμεν ἔλεος καὶ χάριν εὕρωμεν εἰς εὔκαιρον βοήθειαν1we may receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need
209HEB5introb67j0

Hebrews 05 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter is a continuation of the teaching of the previous chapter.

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 5:5-6.

Special concepts in this chapter

High priest

Only a high priest could offer sacrifices so that God could forgive sins, so Jesus had to be a high priest. The law of Moses commanded that the high priest be from the tribe of Levi, but Jesus was from the tribe of Judah. God made him a priest like the priest Melchizedek, who lived at the time of Abraham, before there was a tribe of Levi.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Milk and solid food

The writer speaks of Christians who are only able to understand simple things about Jesus as if they were babies, who drink only milk and cannot eat solid food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

210HEB51dn180Connecting Statement:

The writer describes the sinfulness of the Old Testament priests, then he shows that Christ has a better kind of priesthood, not based on Aaron's priesthood but on the priesthood of Melchizedek.

211HEB51whq1figs-activepassiveἐξ ἀνθρώπων λαμβανόμενος1chosen from among people
212HEB51ndz7figs-activepassiveκαθίσταται1is appointed
213HEB51mzd9ὑπὲρ ἀνθρώπων καθίσταται1to act on the behalf of people

to represent the people

214HEB52gt9jfigs-activepassiveτοῖς ... πλανωμένοις1those ... who have been deceived
215HEB52f781πλανωμένοις1who have been deceived

who believe false things and so behave badly

216HEB52ny8ufigs-metaphorπερίκειται ἀσθένειαν1is subject to weakness
217HEB52ihs9ἀσθένειαν1weakness

the desire to sin

218HEB53q5xifigs-activepassiveὀφείλει1he also is required
219HEB54c45n0General Information:

This quotation is from the Psalms in the Old Testament.

220HEB54c336figs-metaphorλαμβάνει τὴν τιμήν1takes this honor

Honor is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could grasp in his hands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

221HEB54n2e1figs-metonymyλαμβάνει τὴν τιμήν1takes this honor
222HEB54p6hcfigs-activepassiveκαλούμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καθώσπερ καὶ Ἀαρών1he is called by God, just as Aaron was
223HEB55pr3fὁ λαλήσας πρὸς αὐτόν1the one speaking to him said

God said to him

224HEB55i694figs-parallelismΥἱός μου εἶ σύ, ἐγὼ σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε1You are my Son; today I have become your Father

These two phrases mean essentially the same thing. See how you translated this in Hebrews 1:5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

225HEB55mfa8guidelines-sonofgodprinciplesΥἱός1Son ... Father

These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

226HEB56bce60General Information:

This prophecy is from a Psalm of David.

227HEB56ds6vfigs-ellipsisκαὶ ... λέγει1he also says
228HEB56k5uwἐν ἑτέρῳ1in another place

in another place in the scriptures

229HEB56ede5κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ1after the manner of Melchizedek
230HEB57mv2cfigs-metonymyἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ1During the days of his flesh
231HEB57iel9figs-doubletδεήσεις ... καὶ ἱκετηρίας1prayers and requests

Both of these words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

232HEB57p6zmτὸν δυνάμενον σῴζειν αὐτὸν ἐκ θανάτου1the one able to save him from death
233HEB57e75afigs-activepassiveεἰσακουσθεὶς1he was heard
234HEB58mk8zguidelines-sonofgodprinciplesυἱός1a son

This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

235HEB59z2bv0Connecting Statement:

In verse 11 the writer begins his third warning. He warns these believers that they are still not mature and encourages them to learn God's word so they can understand right from wrong.

236HEB59i29cfigs-activepassiveτελειωθεὶς1He was made perfect
237HEB59n5qtτελειωθεὶς1made perfect

Here this means being made mature, able to honor God in all aspects of life.

238HEB59p9ugfigs-abstractnounsἐγένετο πᾶσιν τοῖς ὑπακούουσιν αὐτῷ αἴτιος σωτηρίας αἰωνίου1became, for everyone who obeys him, the cause of eternal salvation
239HEB510b9sufigs-activepassiveπροσαγορευθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ1He was designated by God
240HEB510hd47κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ1after the manner of Melchizedek
241HEB511cm78figs-pronounsπολὺς ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος1We have much to say
242HEB511r2u2figs-metaphorνωθροὶ γεγόνατε ταῖς ἀκοαῖς1you have become dull in hearing
243HEB512lw1aστοιχεῖα τῆς ἀρχῆς1basic principles
244HEB512wy2hfigs-metaphorγεγόνατε χρείαν ἔχοντες γάλακτος1You need milk
245HEB512yk1qfigs-metaphorγάλακτος, οὐ στερεᾶς τροφῆς1milk, not solid food
246HEB513nhx3figs-metonymyμετέχων γάλακτος1takes milk
247HEB513vl7kfigs-metaphorνήπιος γάρ ἐστιν1because he is still a little child

Spiritual maturity is compared with the kind of food that a growing child eats. Solid food is not for a tiny baby, and that is a figure describing a young Christian who only learns simple truths; but later, more solid food is given to the little child, just as when a person matures he can learn about matters that are more difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

248HEB514e3yhfigs-metonymyτῶν διὰ τὴν ἕξιν τὰ αἰσθητήρια γεγυμνασμένα, ἐχόντων πρὸς διάκρισιν, καλοῦ τε καὶ κακοῦ1who because of their maturity have their understanding trained for distinguishing good from evil
249HEB6intronz5i0

Hebrews 06 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Abrahamic Covenant

In the covenant that God made with Abraham, God promised to make Abraham's descendants into a great nation. He also promised to protect Abraham's descendants and to give them land of their own. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])

250HEB61f1nk0Connecting Statement:

The writer continues with what immature Hebrew believers need to do to become mature Christians. He reminds them of the foundational teachings.

251HEB61i4xrfigs-metaphorἀφέντες τὸν τῆς ἀρχῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ λόγον, ἐπὶ τὴν τελειότητα φερώμεθα1let us leave the beginning of the message of Christ and move forward to maturity
252HEB61thw8figs-metaphorμὴ πάλιν θεμέλιον καταβαλλόμενοι ... πίστεως ἐπὶ Θεόν1Let us not lay again the foundation ... of faith in God
253HEB61d5q3figs-metaphorνεκρῶν ἔργων1dead works

Sinful deeds are spoken of as if they belonged to the world of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

254HEB62s1cvfigs-metaphorδιδαχὴν ... κρίματος αἰωνίου1nor the foundation of teaching ... eternal judgment
255HEB62xww5ἐπιθέσεώς τε χειρῶν1laying on of hands

This practice was done to set someone apart for special service or position.

256HEB64e7pxfigs-metaphorτοὺς ἅπαξ φωτισθέντας1those who were once enlightened
257HEB64l5mcfigs-metaphorγευσαμένους ... τῆς δωρεᾶς τῆς ἐπουρανίου1who tasted the heavenly gift
258HEB64d2lpfigs-metaphorμετόχους γενηθέντας Πνεύματος Ἁγίου1who were sharers of the Holy Spirit
259HEB65vp46figs-metaphorκαλὸν γευσαμένους Θεοῦ ῥῆμα1who tasted God's good word
260HEB65tw1ufigs-metonymyδυνάμεις ... μέλλοντος αἰῶνος1the powers of the age to come
261HEB66l8nxπάλιν ἀνακαινίζειν εἰς μετάνοιαν1it is impossible to restore them again to repentance

it is impossible to bring them back to repent again

262HEB66dj3gfigs-metaphorἀνασταυροῦντας ἑαυτοῖς τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ1they crucify the Son of God for themselves again
263HEB66y47bguidelines-sonofgodprinciplesτὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ1Son of God

This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

264HEB67p4tffigs-personificationγῆ ... ἡ πιοῦσα τὸν ... ὑετόν1the land that drinks in the rain
265HEB67r32nfigs-personificationτίκτουσα βοτάνην1that gives birth to the plants
266HEB67da68figs-personificationμεταλαμβάνει εὐλογίας ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ1the land that receives a blessing from God

Rain and crops are seen as proof that God has helped the farmland. The farmland is spoken of as if it were a person who could receive God's blessing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

267HEB67qq1xεὐλογίας ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ1a blessing from God
268HEB68pp48figs-metaphorκατάρας ἐγγύς1is near to a curse
269HEB68a2bkἧς τὸ τέλος εἰς καῦσιν1Its end is in burning

The farmer will burn everything in the field.

270HEB69sb4afigs-pronounsπεπείσμεθα1we are convinced
271HEB69jt3kπερὶ ὑμῶν ... τὰ κρείσσονα1about better things concerning you
272HEB69npu2figs-abstractnounsἐχόμενα σωτηρίας1things that concern salvation
273HEB610t2hbfigs-doublenegativesοὐ γὰρ ἄδικος ὁ Θεὸς ἐπιλαθέσθαι1For God is not so unjust that he would forget
274HEB610r9xxfigs-metonymyεἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ1for his name
275HEB611j7f5figs-pronounsἐπιθυμοῦμεν1We greatly desire
276HEB611k4siσπουδὴν1diligence

careful, hard work

277HEB611xfy1figs-explicitἄχρι τέλους1to the end
278HEB611i2ycπρὸς τὴν πληροφορίαν τῆς ἐλπίδος1in order to make your hope certain

in order to have complete certainty that you will receive what God has promised you

279HEB612yrh2μιμηταὶ1imitators
280HEB612q8ryfigs-metaphorκληρονομούντων τὰς ἐπαγγελίας1inherit the promises
281HEB614ymh2λέγων1He said

God said

282HEB614n47afigs-metonymyπληθύνων, πληθυνῶ σε1I will greatly increase you
283HEB615x5zsfigs-activepassiveτῆς ἐπαγγελίας1what was promised
284HEB617rpv9figs-metaphorτοῖς κληρονόμοις τῆς ἐπαγγελίας1to the heirs of the promise
285HEB617ug6jτὸ ἀμετάθετον τῆς βουλῆς αὐτοῦ1the unchangeable quality of his purpose
286HEB618gjw3figs-metaphorοἱ καταφυγόντες1we, who have fled for refuge
287HEB618gk6nfigs-metaphorἰσχυρὰν παράκλησιν ἔχωμεν ... κρατῆσαι τῆς προκειμένης ἐλπίδος1will have a strong encouragement to hold firmly to the hope set before us
288HEB618hs84figs-activepassiveπροκειμένης1set before us
289HEB619w66k0Connecting Statement:

Having finished his third warning and encouragement to the believers, the writer of Hebrews continues his comparison of Jesus as priest to Melchizedek as priest.

290HEB619ng9ifigs-metaphorὡς ἄγκυραν ... τῆς ψυχῆς ἀσφαλῆ καὶ βεβαίαν1as a secure and reliable anchor for the soul
291HEB619vdt3figs-doubletἄγκυραν ... ἀσφαλῆ ... καὶ βεβαίαν1a secure and reliable anchor
292HEB619d223figs-personificationἣν ... καὶ εἰσερχομένην εἰς τὸ ἐσώτερον τοῦ καταπετάσματος1hope that enters into the inner place behind the curtain

Confidence is spoken of as if it were a person who could go into the most holy place of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

293HEB619aj2mfigs-metaphorτὸ ἐσώτερον1the inner place

This was the most holy place in the temple. It was thought to be the place where God was most intensely present among his people. In this passage, this place stands for heaven and God's throne room. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

294HEB620zgj6κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ1after the order of Melchizedek
295HEB7introy8j30

Hebrews 07 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 7:17, 21, which are words from the Old Testament.

Special concepts in this chapter

High priest

Only a high priest could offer sacrifices so that God could forgive sins, so Jesus had to be a high priest. The law of Moses commanded that the high priest be from the tribe of Levi, but Jesus was from the tribe of Judah. God made him a priest like the priest Melchizedek, who lived at the time of Abraham, before there was a tribe of Levi.

296HEB71mwy80Connecting Statement:

The writer of Hebrews continues his comparison of Jesus as priest to Melchizedek as priest.

297HEB71rfc9translate-namesΣαλήμ1Salem

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

298HEB71rx36figs-explicitἈβραὰμ ὑποστρέφοντι ἀπὸ τῆς κοπῆς τῶν βασιλέων1Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings

This is refers to when Abraham and his men went and defeated the armies of four kings in order to rescue his nephew, Lot, and his family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

299HEB72q87x1It was to him

It was to Melchizedek

300HEB72abh4βασιλεὺς δικαιοσύνης ... βασιλεὺς εἰρήνης1king of righteousness ... king of peace

righteous king ... peaceful king

301HEB73q4ehἀπάτωρ, ἀμήτωρ, ἀγενεαλόγητος, μήτε ἀρχὴν ἡμερῶν, μήτε ζωῆς τέλος ἔχων1He is without father, without mother, without ancestors, with neither beginning of days nor end of life

It is possible to think from this passage that Melchizedek was neither born nor did he die. However, it is likely that all the writer means is that the Scriptures provide no information about Melchizedek's ancestry, birth, or death.

302HEB74h2bg0Connecting Statement:

The writer states that the priesthood of Melchizedek is better than Aaron's priesthood and then reminds them that the priesthood of Aaron did not make anything perfect.

303HEB74w2ggοὗτος1this man was

Melchizedek was

304HEB75l9zqfigs-distinguishτῶν υἱῶν Λευεὶ τὴν ἱερατείαν λαμβάνοντες1The sons of Levi who receive the priesthood
305HEB75hn3kτὸν λαὸν1from the people

from the people of Israel

306HEB75ri2yτοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτῶν1from their brothers
307HEB75x4zafigs-metaphorἐξεληλυθότας ἐκ τῆς ὀσφύος Ἀβραάμ1they, too, have come from Abraham's body
308HEB76r2rsὁ ... μὴ γενεαλογούμενος ἐξ αὐτῶν1whose descent was not traced from them

who was not a descendant of Levi

309HEB76d2hqfigs-metaphorτὸν ἔχοντα τὰς ἐπαγγελίας1the one who had the promises
310HEB77k6pcfigs-activepassiveτὸ ἔλαττον ὑπὸ τοῦ κρείττονος εὐλογεῖται1the lesser person is blessed by the greater person
311HEB78sf79ὧδε μὲν ... ἐκεῖ1In this case ... in that case

These phrases are used to compare the Levite priests with Melchizedek. Your language may have a way to emphasize that the author is making a comparison.

312HEB78c9zzfigs-metaphorμαρτυρούμενος ὅτι ζῇ1is testified that he lives on
313HEB79v1yufigs-metaphorδι’ Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ Λευεὶς, ὁ δεκάτας λαμβάνων, δεδεκάτωται1Levi, who received tithes, also paid tithes through Abraham

Since Levi had not been born yet, the author speaks of him as still being in Abraham's body. In this way, the author argues that Levi paid tithes to Melchizedek through Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

314HEB710g26sfigs-metaphorἐν τῇ ὀσφύϊ τοῦ πατρὸς ἦν1Levi was in the body of his ancestor

Since Levi had not been born yet, the author speaks of him as still being in Abraham's body. In this way, the author argues that Levi paid tithes to Melchizedek through Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

315HEB711kdb8μὲν οὖν1Now
316HEB711wgp5figs-rquestionτίς ἔτι χρεία κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ, ἕτερον ἀνίστασθαι ἱερέα, καὶ οὐ κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Ἀαρὼν λέγεσθαι?1what further need would there have been for another priest to arise after the manner of Melchizedek, and not be considered to be after the manner of Aaron?
317HEB711hi4eἀνίστασθαι1to arise
318HEB711cc5fκατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ1after the manner of Melchizedek
319HEB711kt3afigs-activepassiveοὐ κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Ἀαρὼν λέγεσθαι1not be considered to be after the manner of Aaron
320HEB712c7f1figs-activepassiveμετατιθεμένης γὰρ τῆς ἱερωσύνης, ἐξ ἀνάγκης καὶ νόμου μετάθεσις γίνεται1For when the priesthood is changed, the law must also be changed
321HEB713k9ziὃν γὰρ1For the one

This refers to Jesus.

322HEB713m9mmfigs-activepassiveἐφ’ ὃν ... λέγεται ταῦτα1about whom these things are said
323HEB714t3dmγὰρ1Now
324HEB714qsk5ἐξ Ἰούδα ἀνατέταλκεν ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν1it is from Judah that our Lord was born
325HEB714ln94ἐξ Ἰούδα1from Judah

from the tribe of Judah

326HEB715i17g0General Information:

This quote comes from a psalm of King David.

327HEB715jn1pfigs-inclusiveπερισσότερον ἔτι κατάδηλόν ἐστιν1What we say is clearer yet
328HEB715md9iεἰ ... ἀνίσταται ἱερεὺς ἕτερος1if another priest arises

if another priest comes

329HEB715z1ylκατὰ τὴν ὁμοιότητα Μελχισέδεκ1in the likeness of Melchizedek
330HEB716fr4aὃς οὐ κατὰ νόμον1It was not based on the law

His becoming priest was not based on the law

331HEB716erq7figs-metonymyνόμον ἐντολῆς σαρκίνης1the law of fleshly descent
332HEB717xmj8figs-personificationμαρτυρεῖται γὰρ1For scripture witnesses about him
333HEB717g6zdκατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ1according to the order of Melchizedek
334HEB718d6vnfigs-metaphorἀθέτησις μὲν ... γίνεται προαγούσης ἐντολῆς1the former regulation is set aside
335HEB719ia8jfigs-personificationοὐδὲν ... ἐτελείωσεν ὁ νόμος1the law made nothing perfect
336HEB719stc2figs-activepassiveἐπεισαγωγὴ ... κρείττονος ἐλπίδος1a better hope is introduced
337HEB719c9tzfigs-metaphorδι’ ἧς ἐγγίζομεν τῷ Θεῷ1through which we come near to God
338HEB720f3cd0General Information:

This quote comes from the same psalm of David as Hebrews 7:17).

339HEB720vf69figs-explicitκαὶ καθ’ ὅσον οὐ χωρὶς ὁρκωμοσίας1And it was not without an oath!
340HEB722h4620Connecting Statement:

The writer then assures these Jewish believers that Christ has the better priesthood because he lives forever and the priests that descended from Aaron all died.

341HEB722e23dκρείττονος διαθήκης γέγονεν ἔγγυος1has given the guarantee of a better covenant

has told us that we can be sure that there will be a better covenant

342HEB724u941figs-abstractnounsἀπαράβατον ἔχει τὴν ἱερωσύνην1he has a permanent priesthood
343HEB725a4ggfigs-explicitὅθεν ... δύναται1Therefore he
344HEB725b182τοὺς προσερχομένους δι’ αὐτοῦ τῷ Θεῷ1those who approach God through him

those who come to God because of what Jesus has done

345HEB726cmq1figs-metaphorὑψηλότερος τῶν οὐρανῶν γενόμενος1has become higher than the heavens
346HEB727b6nv0General Information:
347HEB728n693figs-metonymyὁ νόμος ... ἀνθρώπους καθίστησιν ἀρχιερεῖς ἔχοντας ἀσθένειαν1the law appoints as high priests men who have weaknesses
348HEB728u5nyἀνθρώπους ... ἔχοντας ἀσθένειαν1men who have weaknesses
349HEB728yez2figs-metonymyὁ λόγος ... τῆς ὁρκωμοσίας, τῆς μετὰ τὸν νόμον, Υἱόν1the word of the oath, which came after the law, appointed a Son
350HEB728msa4guidelines-sonofgodprinciplesΥἱόν1Son

This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

351HEB728fkl3figs-activepassiveτετελειωμένον1who has been made perfect
352HEB8introks940

Hebrews 08 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The author finishes describing how and why Jesus is the most important high priest. Then he begins to speak about how the new covenant is better to the covenant God made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:8-12, which are words from the Old Testament.

Special concepts in this chapter

New covenant

The author tells how Jesus has established a new covenant that is better than the covenant that God established with the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])

353HEB81nb8q0Connecting Statement:

The writer, having shown that Christ's priesthood is better than the earthly priesthood, shows that the earthly priesthood was a pattern of heavenly things. Christ has a superior ministry, a superior covenant.

354HEB81tw7lδὲ1Now
355HEB81z4dhfigs-exclusiveλεγομένοις1we are saying
356HEB81m2b4figs-inclusiveἔχομεν ἀρχιερέα1We have a high priest
357HEB81b8qytranslate-symactionἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ θρόνου τῆς Μεγαλωσύνης1sat down at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty
358HEB82lrb7τῆς σκηνῆς τῆς ἀληθινῆς, ἣν ἔπηξεν ὁ Κύριος, οὐκ ἄνθρωπος1the true tabernacle that the Lord, not a man, set up
359HEB83su9jfigs-activepassiveπᾶς γὰρ ἀρχιερεὺς ... καθίσταται1For every high priest is appointed
360HEB84p2v6οὖν1Now
361HEB84gfz1κατὰ νόμον1according to the law

as God requires in the law

362HEB85t3i8figs-metaphorοἵτινες ὑποδείγματι καὶ σκιᾷ λατρεύουσιν τῶν ἐπουρανίων1They serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things
363HEB85k5r1figs-activepassiveκαθὼς κεχρημάτισται Μωϋσῆς μέλλων1It is just as Moses was warned by God when he was
364HEB85qb7gfigs-explicitμέλλων ἐπιτελεῖν τὴν σκηνήν1was about to construct the tabernacle
365HEB85jk6iὅρα1See that

Make sure that

366HEB85wf1pκατὰ τὸν τύπον1to the pattern

to the design

367HEB85s9xefigs-activepassiveτὸν δειχθέντα σοι1that was shown to you
368HEB85j3tzfigs-explicitἐν τῷ ὄρει1on the mountain
369HEB86qdj60Connecting Statement:

This section begins to show that the new covenant is better than the old covenant with Israel and Judah.

370HEB86rt2aδιαφορωτέρας1Christ has received

God has given Christ

371HEB86spy1κρείττονός ... διαθήκης μεσίτης1mediator of a better covenant

This means Christ caused a better covenant between God and humans to exist.

372HEB86aw58figs-activepassiveδιαθήκης ... ἥτις ἐπὶ κρείττοσιν ἐπαγγελίαις νενομοθέτηται1covenant, which is based on better promises
373HEB87wb9dtranslate-ordinalἡ πρώτη ἐκείνη ... δευτέρας1first covenant ... second covenant
374HEB87gig6ἦν ἄμεμπτος1had been faultless

had been perfect

375HEB88ya4n0General Information:

In this quotation the prophet Jeremiah foretold of a new covenant that God would make.

376HEB88sqb4αὐτοῖς1with the people

with the people of Israel

377HEB88xhp8ἰδοὺ1See
378HEB88c6zmfigs-metaphorτὸν οἶκον Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Ἰούδα1the house of Israel and with the house of Judah
379HEB89dde5figs-metaphorἐπιλαβομένου μου τῆς χειρὸς αὐτῶν ἐξαγαγεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου1I took them by their hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt
380HEB810fh1c0General Information:

This is a quotation from the prophet Jeremiah.

381HEB810k2ewfigs-metaphorτῷ οἴκῳ Ἰσραὴλ1the house of Israel
382HEB810q78uμετὰ τὰς ἡμέρας ἐκείνας1after those days

after that time

383HEB810gbw3figs-metaphorδιδοὺς νόμους μου εἰς τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν1I will put my laws into their minds
384HEB810e45gfigs-metonymyἐπὶ καρδίας αὐτῶν ἐπιγράψω αὐτούς1I will also write them on their hearts
385HEB810hs53ἔσομαι αὐτοῖς εἰς Θεόν1I will be their God

I will be the God they worship

386HEB810xgm3αὐτοὶ ἔσονταί μοι εἰς λαόν1they will be my people

they will be the people for whom I care

387HEB811lsq60General Information:

This continues the quotation from the prophet Jeremiah.

388HEB811jl1hfigs-quotationsοὐ μὴ διδάξωσιν ἕκαστος τὸν πολίτην αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἕκαστος τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ λέγων, γνῶθι ‘τὸν Κύριον’1They will not teach each one his neighbor and each one his brother, saying, 'Know the Lord.'
389HEB811wne2figs-doubletτὸν πολίτην ... τὸν ἀδελφὸν1neighbor ... brother

Both of these refer to fellow Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

390HEB811q5kifigs-metonymyγνῶθι ‘τὸν Κύριον’ ... πάντες εἰδήσουσίν με1Know the Lord ... will all know me
391HEB812cu1bfigs-metonymyταῖς ἀδικίαις αὐτῶν1toward their evil deeds
392HEB812a1xrfigs-metonymyτῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν οὐ μὴ μνησθῶ ἔτι1their sins I will not remember any longer
393HEB9introp8vy0
394HEB91af6x0Connecting Statement:

The writer makes clear to these Jewish believers that the laws and the tabernacle of the old covenant were only pictures of the better, new covenant.

395HEB91av9iοὖν1Now

This word marks a new part of the teaching.

396HEB91d3vsἡ πρώτη1first covenant

See how you translated this in Hebrews 8:7.

397HEB91pw63εἶχε ... δικαιώματα1had regulations
398HEB92e3emγὰρ1For

The author is continuing the discussion from Hebrews 8:7.

399HEB92f6k7figs-activepassiveσκηνὴ ... κατεσκευάσθη1a tabernacle was prepared
400HEB92t13aἥ τε λυχνία καὶ ἡ τράπεζα, καὶ ἡ Πρόθεσις τῶν ἄρτων1the lampstand, the table, and the bread of the presence
401HEB92gw3pfigs-abstractnounsἡ Πρόθεσις τῶν ἄρτω1bread of the presence
402HEB93j7w3μετὰ ... τὸ δεύτερον καταπέτασμα1Behind the second curtain
403HEB93ssr9translate-ordinalδεύτερον1second

This is the ordinal word for number two. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

404HEB94kt3uἐν1Inside it

Inside the ark of the covenant

405HEB94jj9yfigs-explicitἡ ῥάβδος Ἀαρὼν ἡ βλαστήσασα1Aaron's rod that budded

This was the rod Aaron had when God proved to the people of Israel that he had chosen Aaron as his priest by making Aaron's rod bud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

406HEB94md1fἡ βλαστήσασα1that budded

from which leaves and flowers had grown

407HEB94q9w3αἱ πλάκες τῆς διαθήκης1tablets of the covenant
408HEB95ue5qΧερουβεὶν δόξης κατασκιάζοντα τὸ ἱλαστήριον1glorious cherubim overshadowed the atonement lid
409HEB95fh6gfigs-metonymyΧερουβεὶν1cherubim
410HEB95f1jefigs-pronounsπερὶ ὧν οὐκ ἔστιν1which we cannot
411HEB96mra7figs-activepassiveτούτων ... οὕτως κατεσκευασμένων1After these things were prepared
412HEB97xs9lfigs-doublenegativesοὐ χωρὶς αἵματος1not without blood
413HEB97xtk5αἵματος1blood

This is the blood of the bull and goat that the high priest had to sacrifice on the Day of Atonement.

414HEB98a26fτῶν ἁγίων1the most holy place

Possible meanings are 1) the inner room of the tabernacle on earth or 2) God's presence in heaven.

415HEB98e14cfigs-metonymyἔτι τῆς πρώτης σκηνῆς ἐχούσης στάσιν1the first tabernacle was still standing
416HEB99cu76ἥτις παραβολὴ1This was an illustration
417HEB99fl6iεἰς τὸν καιρὸν τὸν ἐνεστηκότα1for the present time

for now

418HEB99g16ufigs-activepassiveπροσφέρονται1that are now being offered
419HEB99qsa1figs-metaphorμὴ δυνάμεναι κατὰ συνείδησιν τελειῶσαι τὸν λατρεύοντα1are not able to perfect the worshiper's conscience
420HEB99c31dfigs-genericnounσυνείδησιν ... τὸν λατρεύοντα1the worshiper's conscience

The writer appears to refer to only one worshiper, but he means all those who came to worship God at the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])

421HEB910hqs8μέχρι καιροῦ διορθώσεως1until the time of the new order

until God created the new order

422HEB910kqc1διορθώσεως1new order

new covenant

423HEB911bnc60Connecting Statement:
424HEB911da2iἀγαθῶν1good things

This does not refer to material things. It means the good things that God promised in his new covenant.

425HEB911czx6τῆς μείζονος καὶ τελειοτέρας σκηνῆς1the greater and more perfect tabernacle

This refers to the heavenly tent or tabernacle, which is more important and more perfect than the earthly tabernacle.

426HEB911lxw8figs-activepassiveοὐ χειροποιήτου1that was not made by human hands
427HEB911mtj9figs-synecdocheχειροποιήτου1human hands
428HEB912wp9nfigs-metaphorἅγια1most holy place

God's presence in heaven is spoken of as if it were the most holy place, the innermost room in the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

429HEB913ch3cσποδὸς δαμάλεως, ῥαντίζουσα τοὺς κεκοινωμένους1sprinkling of a heifer's ashes on those who have become unclean

The priest would drop small amounts of the ashes on the unclean people.

430HEB913seb3figs-metonymyπρὸς τὴν τῆς σαρκὸς καθαρότητα1for the cleansing of their flesh
431HEB914t58wfigs-rquestionπόσῳ μᾶλλον τὸ αἷμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὃς διὰ Πνεύματος αἰωνίου, ἑαυτὸν προσήνεγκεν ἄμωμον τῷ Θεῷ, καθαριεῖ τὴν συνείδησιν ὑμῶν ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ἔργων, εἰς τὸ λατρεύειν Θεῷ ζῶντι!1how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, cleanse our conscience from dead works to serve the living God?
432HEB914r22pfigs-metonymyτὸ αἷμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ1the blood of Christ
433HEB914xj6gfigs-metaphorἄμωμον1without blemish

This is a small sin or moral fault spoken of here as if it were a small, unusual spot or defect on Christ's body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

434HEB914rkh4figs-metonymyκαθαριεῖ τὴν συνείδησιν ὑμῶν1cleanse our conscience
435HEB914suu7figs-metaphorκαθαριεῖ1cleanse
436HEB914zbj1figs-metaphorνεκρῶν ἔργων1dead works

Sinful deeds are spoken of as if they belonged to the world of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

437HEB915x3xrδιὰ τοῦτο1For this reason
438HEB915p2kgδιαθήκης καινῆς μεσίτης ἐστίν1he is the mediator of a new covenant

This means Christ caused the new covenant between God and humans to exist.

439HEB915q3x3τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ1first covenant

See how you translated this in Hebrews 8:7.

440HEB915z29afigs-metonymyεἰς ἀπολύτρωσιν τῶν ἐπὶ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ παραβάσεων1to free those under the first covenant from their sins
441HEB915ve3vfigs-activepassiveοἱ κεκλημένοι1those who are called
442HEB915xb9ffigs-metaphorκληρονομίας1inheritance

Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

443HEB916rng2διαθήκη1a will

a legal document in which a person states who should receive his possessions when he himself dies

444HEB916um9aθάνατον ἀνάγκη φέρεσθαι τοῦ διαθεμένου1the death of the person who made it must be proven
445HEB918wpf1figs-activepassiveὅθεν οὐδ’ ἡ πρώτη χωρὶς αἵματος ἐνκεκαίνισται1So not even the first covenant was established without blood
446HEB918kq87πρώτη1first covenant

See how you translated this in Hebrews 8:7.

447HEB918v838figs-metonymyαἵματος1blood
448HEB919zl2ntranslate-symactionλαβὼν τὸ αἷμα ... μετὰ ὕδατος ... τὸ βιβλίον ... πάντα τὸν λαὸν, ἐράντισεν1took the blood ... with water ... and sprinkled ... the scroll ... and all the people

The priest dipped the hyssop in the blood and the water and then shook the hyssop so drops of blood and water would fall on the scroll and on the people. Sprinkling was a symbolic action done by the priests by which they applied the benefits of the covenant to people and to objects. Here the scroll and the people's acceptability to God are renewed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

449HEB919tgc2ὑσσώπου1hyssop

a woody shrub with flowers in summer, used in ceremonial sprinkling

450HEB920j7enfigs-metonymyτὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης1the blood of the covenant
451HEB921k6dmἐράντισεν1he sprinkled

Moses sprinkled

452HEB921l27vtranslate-symactionἐράντισεν1sprinkled

Sprinkling was a symbolic action done by the priests by which they applied the benefits of the covenant to people and to objects. See how you translated this in Hebrews 9:19. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

453HEB921xa9qπάντα τὰ σκεύη τῆς λειτουργίας1all the containers used in the service
454HEB921ec4hfigs-activepassiveτῆς λειτουργίας1used in the service
455HEB921cl3vfigs-metonymyτῷ αἵματι1blood
456HEB922g3effigs-metaphorσχεδὸν ἐν αἵματι πάντα καθαρίζεται1almost everything is cleansed with blood
457HEB922v8bjfigs-metonymyχωρὶς αἱματεκχυσίας οὐ γίνεται ἄφεσις1Without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness
458HEB922v1trfigs-explicitἄφεσις1forgiveness
459HEB923nh150Connecting Statement:

The writer emphasizes that Christ (now in heaven interceding for us) had to die only once for sins and that he will return to earth a second time.

460HEB923q79nfigs-activepassiveτὰ μὲν ὑποδείγματα τῶν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς τούτοις καθαρίζεσθαι1the copies of the things in heaven should be cleansed with these animal sacrifices
461HEB923y9b7figs-activepassiveαὐτὰ δὲ τὰ ἐπουράνια κρείττοσι θυσίαις παρὰ ταύτας1the heavenly things themselves had to be cleansed with much better sacrifices
462HEB924cy2xfigs-synecdocheχειροποίητα ... ἅγια1the most holy place made with hands, which
463HEB924g5lpτῶν ἀληθινῶν1of the true one

of the true most holy place

464HEB925f17aοὐδ’1He did not go there

He did not enter heaven

465HEB925rnh3κατ’ ἐνιαυτὸν1year by year
466HEB925zpf3ἐν αἵματι ἀλλοτρίῳ1with the blood of another

This means with the blood of an animal victim, not with his own blood.

467HEB926lhi3ἐπεὶ1If that had been the case

If he had to offer himself often

468HEB926dq7mfigs-metaphorεἰς ἀθέτησιν ἁμαρτίας διὰ τῆς θυσίας αὐτοῦ1to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself
469HEB928p8b6figs-activepassiveὁ Χριστός ἅπαξ προσενεχθεὶς1Christ was offered once
470HEB928hv2tfigs-metaphorεἰς τὸ ... ἀνενεγκεῖν ἁμαρτίας1to take away the sins
471HEB928p6thfigs-metonymyτὸ ἁμαρτίας1the sins
472HEB10intronev10
473HEB101kwq10Connecting Statement:

The writer shows the weakness of the law and its sacrifices, why God gave the law, and the perfection of the new priesthood and Christ's sacrifice.

474HEB101kj83figs-metaphorσκιὰν ... ἔχων ὁ νόμος τῶν μελλόντων ἀγαθῶν1the law is only a shadow of the good things to come

This speaks about the law as if it were a shadow. The author means the law is not the good things that God had promised. It only hints at the good things that God is going to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

475HEB101r6lyοὐκ αὐτὴν τὴν εἰκόνα τῶν πραγμάτων1not the real forms of those things themselves

not the real things themselves

476HEB101at4vκατ’ ἐνιαυτὸν1year after year

every year

477HEB102aw6gfigs-rquestionοὐκ ἂν ἐπαύσαντο προσφερόμεναι1would the sacrifices not have ceased to be offered?
478HEB102zc3dἐπαύσαντο1ceased

stopped being

479HEB102mu42figs-metaphorτοὺς λατρεύοντας ... κεκαθαρισμένους1the worshipers would have been cleansed
480HEB102m9tjτὸ μηδεμίαν ἔχειν ἔτι συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν1would no longer have any consciousness of sin
481HEB104di8ifigs-metaphorἀδύνατον γὰρ αἷμα ταύρων καὶ τράγων ἀφαιρεῖν ἁμαρτίας1For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins
482HEB104bvu5figs-metonymyαἷμα ταύρων καὶ τράγων1the blood of bulls and goats
483HEB105q4ye0General Information:

Christ's words when he was on earth were foretold in this quotation from a psalm of David.

484HEB105ml8efigs-youοὐκ ἠθέλησας1you did not desire
485HEB105cu51σῶμα ... κατηρτίσω1a body you have prepared

you have made a body ready

486HEB107zn6cτότε εἶπον1Then I said
487HEB108c8eb0General Information:

Though changing the wording slightly, the author repeats these quotations from a psalm of David for emphasis.

488HEB108rlv8θυσίας ... προσφορὰς1sacrifices ... offerings

See how you translated these words in Hebrews 10:5.

489HEB108n7kcὁλοκαυτώματα ... περὶ ἁμαρτίας1whole burnt offerings ... sacrifices for sin

See how you translated similar words in Hebrews 10:6.

490HEB108d3ekfigs-activepassiveαἵτινες ... προσφέρονται1that are offered
491HEB109k5kvἰδοὺ1See
492HEB109n29vfigs-abstractnounsἀναιρεῖ τὸ πρῶτον, ἵνα τὸ δεύτερον στήσῃ1He takes away the first practice in order to establish the second practice
493HEB109ja8ntranslate-ordinalτὸ πρῶτον ... τὸ δεύτερον1first practice ... the second practice
494HEB1010xj9ifigs-activepassiveἡγιασμένοι ἐσμὲν1we have been sanctified
495HEB1010xk24figs-abstractnounsδιὰ τῆς προσφορᾶς τοῦ σώματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ1through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ
496HEB1011f4wdκαθ’ ἡμέραν1Day after day
497HEB1011jq4ifigs-metaphorοὐδέποτε δύνανται περιελεῖν ἁμαρτίας1can never take away sins
498HEB1012fy8wtranslate-symactionἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Θεοῦ1he sat down at the right hand of God
499HEB1013s6snfigs-metaphorἕως τεθῶσιν οἱ ἐχθροὶ αὐτοῦ ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ1until his enemies are made a stool for his feet
500HEB1014dz9nfigs-activepassiveτοὺς ἁγιαζομένους1those who are being sanctified
501HEB1015qk8j0General Information:

This is a quotation from the prophet Jeremiah in the Old Testament.

502HEB1016czh3πρὸς αὐτοὺς1with them

with my people

503HEB1016s783μετὰ τὰς ἡμέρας ἐκείνας1after those days

when the time of the first covenant with my people has finished

504HEB1016xx53figs-metonymyδιδοὺς νόμους μου ἐπὶ καρδίας αὐτῶν1I will put my laws in their hearts
505HEB1017vkw40General Information:

This continues the quotation from the prophet Jeremiah in the Old Testament.

506HEB1017qn7wfigs-explicitτῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ τῶν ἀνομιῶν αὐτῶν, οὐ μὴ μνησθήσομαι ἔτι1
507HEB1017pql9figs-doubletτῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ τῶν ἀνομιῶν αὐτῶν1Their sins and lawless deeds
508HEB1018pje1δὲ1Now
509HEB1018pjh5figs-abstractnounsὅπου ... ἄφεσις1where there is forgiveness for these
510HEB1018z351figs-abstractnounsοὐκέτι προσφορὰ περὶ ἁμαρτίας1there is no longer any sacrifice for sin
511HEB1019ih5u0Connecting Statement:

Having made it clear that there is only one sacrifice for sin, the writer continues with the picture of the most holy place in the temple, where only the high priest could enter each year with the blood of the sacrifice for sins. He reminds the believers that they now worship God in his presence as if they were standing in the most holy place.

512HEB1019f6g3figs-metaphorἀδελφοί1brothers
513HEB1019fii7figs-metaphorτῶν ἁγίων1the most holy place

This means the presence of God, not the most holy place in the old tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

514HEB1019zl87figs-metonymyἐν τῷ αἵματι Ἰησοῦ1by the blood of Jesus
515HEB1020l7whὁδὸν ... ζῶσαν1living way

Possible meanings are 1) this new way to God that Jesus has provided results in believers living forever or 2) Jesus is alive, and he is the way believers enter into the presence of God.

516HEB1020c3vefigs-metaphorδιὰ τοῦ καταπετάσματος1through the curtain

The curtain in the earthly temple represents the separation between people and God's true presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

517HEB1020ega9figs-metonymyτοῦτ’ σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ1his flesh
518HEB1021uh6iκαὶ ἱερέα μέγαν ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ1we have a great priest over the house of God
519HEB1021bmh1ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον1over the house

in charge of the house

520HEB1021d1u1figs-metaphorτὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ1the house of God
521HEB1022l4ikfigs-metonymyπροσερχώμεθα1let us approach
522HEB1022wez1figs-metonymyμετὰ ἀληθινῆς καρδίας1with true hearts
523HEB1022i7tiἐν πληροφορίᾳ πίστεως1in the full assurance of faith
524HEB1022zkg5figs-activepassiveῥεραντισμένοι τὰς καρδίας1having our hearts sprinkled clean
525HEB1022w775figs-metonymyῥεραντισμένοι τὰς καρδίας1hearts sprinkled clean
526HEB1022pc1atranslate-symactionῥεραντισμένοι1sprinkled

Sprinkling was a symbolic action done by the priests by which they applied the benefits of the covenant to people and to objects. See how you translated this in Hebrews 9:19. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

527HEB1022p2skfigs-activepassiveλελουμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ1having our bodies washed with pure water
528HEB1022tk9pfigs-metonymyλελουμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ1our bodies washed with pure water
529HEB1023k5uifigs-metaphorκατέχωμεν τὴν ὁμολογίαν τῆς ἐλπίδος1Let us also hold tightly to the confession of our hope
530HEB1023jy4tfigs-metaphorἀκλινῆ1without wavering
531HEB1025v4fafigs-explicitμὴ ἐγκαταλείποντες τὴν ἐπισυναγωγὴν ἑαυτῶν1Let us not stop meeting together
532HEB1025k9c7figs-metaphorὅσῳ βλέπετε ἐγγίζουσαν τὴν ἡμέραν1as you see the day coming closer
533HEB1026gm7l0Connecting Statement:

The writer now gives his fourth warning.

534HEB1026byv6ἑκουσίως ... ἁμαρτανόντων ἡμῶν1we deliberately go on sinning

we know we are sinning but we do it again and again

535HEB1026hj5sfigs-metaphorμετὰ τὸ λαβεῖν τὴν ἐπίγνωσιν τῆς ἀληθείας1after we have received the knowledge of the truth
536HEB1026b1r7figs-explicitτῆς ἀληθείας1the truth

The truth about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

537HEB1026l7svfigs-explicitοὐκέτι περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἀπολείπεται θυσία1a sacrifice for sins no longer exists
538HEB1026sil4περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ... θυσία1a sacrifice for sins
539HEB1027fza4figs-explicitκρίσεως1of judgment

Of God's judgment, that is, that God will judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

540HEB1027t6dafigs-metaphorπυρὸς ζῆλος ἐσθίειν μέλλοντος τοὺς ὑπεναντίους1a fury of fire that will consume God's enemies

God's fury is spoken of as if it were fire that would burn up his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

541HEB1028c1ajfigs-explicitδυσὶν ἢ τρισὶν μάρτυσιν1two or three witnesses
542HEB1029gv5zfigs-rquestionπόσῳ δοκεῖτε χείρονος, ἀξιωθήσεται τιμωρίας, ὁ ... τῆς χάριτος ἐνυβρίσας!1How much worse punishment do you think one deserves ... grace?
543HEB1029jd69figs-metaphorτὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ καταπατήσας1has trampled underfoot the Son of God
544HEB1029d2z9guidelines-sonofgodprinciplesτὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ1the Son of God

This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

545HEB1029m7lwτὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης κοινὸν ἡγησάμενος1who treated the blood of the covenant as unholy
546HEB1029el74figs-metonymyτὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης1the blood of the covenant
547HEB1029wj2pfigs-activepassiveτὸ αἷμα ... ἐν ᾧ ἡγιάσθη1the blood by which he was sanctified
548HEB1029qr6cτὸ Πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος1the Spirit of grace

the Spirit of God, who provides grace

549HEB1030ynr1figs-inclusive0General Information:
550HEB1030v8adfigs-metaphorἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις1Vengeance belongs to me

Vengeance is spoken of as if it were an object that belongs to God, who has the right to do as he wishes with what he owns. God has the right to take vengeance on his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

551HEB1030pdw9figs-metaphorἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω1I will pay back

God taking vengeance is spoken of as if he were paying back the harmful things that someone has done to others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

552HEB1031hhu7figs-metaphorτὸ ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς χεῖρας1to fall into the hands
553HEB1032tlh3τὰς πρότερον ἡμέρας1the former days

the time in the past

554HEB1032p3q3figs-metaphorφωτισθέντες1after you were enlightened
555HEB1032v25jπολλὴν ἄθλησιν ὑπεμείνατε παθημάτων1how you endured a great struggle in suffering

how much suffering you had to endure

556HEB1033cig1figs-activepassiveὀνειδισμοῖς ... καὶ θλίψεσιν θεατριζόμενοι1You were exposed to public ridicule by insults and persecution
557HEB1033u1gkκοινωνοὶ τῶν ... γενηθέντες1you were sharing with those

you joined those

558HEB1034cjr6figs-metaphorκρείσσονα ὕπαρξιν, καὶ μένουσαν1a better and everlasting possession
559HEB1035xh640General Information:

In 10:37 is a quotation from the prophet Isaiah in the Old Testament.

560HEB1035m35cfigs-metaphorμὴ ἀποβάλητε οὖν τὴν παρρησίαν ὑμῶν, ἥτις ἔχει μεγάλην μισθαποδοσίαν1do not throw away your confidence, which has a great reward
561HEB1037st8vfigs-explicitἔτι γὰρ μικρὸν ὅσον, ὅσον1For in a very little while
562HEB1037cna2ἔτι ... μικρὸν ὅσον, ὅσον1in a very little while

very soon

563HEB1038j2ck0General Information:

In 10:38 the author quotes from the prophet Habakkuk, which directly follows the quotation from the prophet Isaiah in 10:37.

564HEB1038j6d1figs-genericnounὁ ... δίκαιός μου ... ἐὰν ὑποστείληται ... ἐν αὐτῷ1My righteous one ... If he shrinks ... with him
565HEB1038r8mhὁ ... δίκαιός μου ... εὐδοκεῖ1My righteous ... I will
566HEB1038h5bwὑποστείληται1shrinks back

stops doing the good thing he is doing

567HEB1039i9zhfigs-metaphorὑποστολῆς εἰς ἀπώλειαν1who turn back to destruction
568HEB1039dv8yfigs-metaphorεἰς περιποίησιν ψυχῆς1for keeping our soul
569HEB11introg4cc0

Hebrews 11 General Notes

Structure

The writer begins this chapter by telling what faith is. Then he gives many examples of people who had faith and how they lived.

Important concepts in this chapter

Faith

In both the old and new covenants, God required faith. Some people with faith performed miracles and were very powerful. Other people with faith suffered greatly.

570HEB111a3710Connecting Statement:

The author tells three things about faith in this brief introduction.

571HEB111d95iδὲ1Now
572HEB111dne9ἔστιν ... πίστις ἐλπιζομένων ὑπόστασις1faith is being sure of the things hoped for
573HEB111hiq2ἐλπιζομένων1hoped for

Here this refers specifically to the sure promises of God, especially the certainty that all believers in Jesus will live with God forever in heaven.

574HEB111ybd8figs-activepassiveπραγμάτων ἔλεγχος οὐ βλεπομένων1certain of things that are not seen
575HEB112smr4ἐν ταύτῃ γὰρ1For because of this

Because they were certain about events that had not happened

576HEB112kmq6figs-activepassiveἐμαρτυρήθησαν οἱ πρεσβύτεροι1the ancestors were approved
577HEB112u66cfigs-explicitοἱ πρεσβύτεροι1the ancestors
578HEB113u5i9figs-activepassiveκατηρτίσθαι τοὺς αἰῶνας ῥήματι Θεοῦ1the universe was created by God's command
579HEB113e7fsτὸ μὴ ἐκ φαινομένων τὸ βλεπόμενον γεγονέναι1what is visible was not made out of things that were visible
580HEB114w5de0Connecting Statement:

The writer then gives many examples (mostly from Old Testament writings) of people who lived by faith even though they did not receive what God had promised while they lived on the earth.

581HEB114r2m8figs-activepassiveἐμαρτυρήθη εἶναι δίκαιος1he was attested to be righteous
582HEB114g52jfigs-metaphorἔτι λαλεῖ1Abel still speaks
583HEB115r3ylfigs-activepassiveπίστει Ἑνὼχ μετετέθη, τοῦ μὴ ἰδεῖν θάνατον1It was by faith that Enoch was taken up so that he did not see death
584HEB115ki2tfigs-metaphorἰδεῖν θάνατον1see death
585HEB115kb5lfigs-activepassiveπρὸ ... τῆς μεταθέσεως1before he was taken up
586HEB115jbx2figs-activepassiveμεμαρτύρηται εὐηρεστηκέναι τῷ Θεῷ1it was testified that he had pleased God
587HEB116hd94χωρὶς δὲ πίστεως1Now without faith
588HEB116r9nbfigs-doublenegativesχωρὶς ... πίστεως ἀδύνατον εὐαρεστῆσαι1without faith it is impossible to please him
589HEB116b438figs-metaphorτὸν προσερχόμενον τῷ Θεῷ1that anyone coming to God
590HEB116xl5vτοῖς ἐκζητοῦσιν ... μισθαποδότης γίνεται1he is a rewarder of those

he rewards those

591HEB116i8e9figs-metaphorτοῖς ἐκζητοῦσιν αὐτὸν1those who seek him

Those who learn about God and make an effort to obey him are spoken of as if they were seeking to find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

592HEB117r67bfigs-activepassiveχρηματισθεὶς1having been given a divine message
593HEB117p3pnfigs-activepassiveπερὶ τῶν μηδέπω βλεπομένων1about things not yet seen
594HEB117pf7bfigs-metonymyτὸν κόσμον1the world
595HEB117c9ycfigs-metaphorτῆς ... δικαιοσύνης, ἐγένετο κληρονόμος1became an heir of the righteousness
596HEB117et9lκατὰ πίστιν1that is according to faith

that God gives to those who have faith in him

597HEB118a7c2figs-activepassiveκαλούμενος1when he was called
598HEB118kkt5ἐξελθεῖν εἰς τόπον1went out to the place

left his home to go to the place

599HEB118d1zffigs-metaphorὃν ἤμελλεν λαμβάνειν εἰς κληρονομίαν1that he was to receive as an inheritance
600HEB118sq21ἐξῆλθεν1He went out

He left his home

601HEB119pmb6figs-abstractnounsπαρῴκησεν εἰς γῆν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας ὡς ἀλλοτρίαν1he lived in the land of promise as a foreigner
602HEB119s5fwfigs-metaphorτῶν συνκληρονόμων1fellow heirs
603HEB1110f3z8figs-metonymyτὴν τοὺς θεμελίους ἔχουσαν πόλιν1the city with foundations
604HEB1110fd98ἧς τεχνίτης καὶ δημιουργὸς ὁ Θεός1whose architect and builder is God
605HEB1110ufe6τεχνίτης1architect

a person who designs buildings and cities

606HEB1111ks440General Information:

Many versions interpret this verse as referring to Sarah, and others interpret it as referring to Abraham.

607HEB1111mk6iπίστει καὶ αὐτῇ Σάρρᾳ δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος ἔλαβεν, καὶ παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας, ἐπεὶ ... ἡγήσατο1It was by faith, even though Sarah herself was barren, that Abraham received ability to father a child. This happened even though he was too old, since he considered
608HEB1111mtf2figs-abstractnounsπίστει1It was by faith
609HEB1111dgu6δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος ἔλαβεν1received ability to father a child
610HEB1111wgp6ἐπεὶ πιστὸν ἡγήσατο τὸν ἐπαγγειλάμενον1since she considered as faithful the one who had given the promise

because he believed God, who had give the promise, to be faithful

611HEB1112x8b2figs-simileἐγεννήθησαν ... “καθὼς τὰ ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τῷ πλήθει, καὶ ὡς ἡ ἄμμος, ἡ παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης, ἡ ἀναρίθμητος1descendants as many as the stars in the sky and as countless as sand by the seashore

This simile means Abraham had very many descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

612HEB1112mu4eὡς ἡ ἄμμος, ἡ παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης, ἡ ἀναρίθμητος1as countless as sand by the seashore

This means that just as there are so many grains of sand on the seashore that no one can count them all, Abraham had so many descendants that no one can count them all.

613HEB1113yin6figs-metaphorμὴ λαβόντες τὰς ἐπαγγελίας1without receiving the promises
614HEB1113g5utfigs-metaphorπόρρωθεν αὐτὰς ἰδόντες καὶ ἀσπασάμενοι1after seeing and greeting them from far off
615HEB1113n71bὁμολογήσαντες1they admitted
616HEB1113q1nqfigs-doubletξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοί εἰσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς1they were foreigners and exiles on earth
617HEB1114xwa4πατρίδα1a homeland

a country for them to belong to

618HEB1116ea1aἐπουρανίου1heavenly one
619HEB1116cvh1figs-activepassiveοὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς, Θεὸς ἐπικαλεῖσθαι αὐτῶν1God is not ashamed to be called their God
620HEB1117bk7afigs-activepassiveπειραζόμενος1when he was tested
621HEB1118wy2jfigs-activepassiveπρὸς ὃν ἐλαλήθη1to whom it had been said
622HEB1118c23zfigs-activepassiveκληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα1your descendants will be named
623HEB1119p43uἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγείρειν δυνατὸς ὁ Θεός1God was able to raise up Isaac from the dead

God was able to cause Isaac to live again

624HEB1119sar1ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγείρειν1to raise up ... from the dead
625HEB1119aea3ἐν παραβολῇ1figuratively speaking
626HEB1119k7u3ὅθεν αὐτὸν1from there

it was from the dead

627HEB1119g19xαὐτὸν ... ἐκομίσατο1he received him back

Abraham received Isaac back

628HEB1121sg26Ἰακὼβ ... προσεκύνησεν1Jacob worshiped

Jacob worshiped God

629HEB1122lkp6figs-euphemismτελευτῶν1when his end was near
630HEB1122hhs3περὶ τῆς ἐξόδου τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ ἐμνημόνευσεν1spoke of the departure of the children of Israel from Egypt

spoke of when the children of Israel would leave Egypt

631HEB1122t6i5τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ1the sons of Israel
632HEB1122nl1ifigs-explicitπερὶ τῶν ὀστέων αὐτοῦ ἐνετείλατο1instructed them about his bones

Joseph died while in Egypt. He wanted his people to take his bones with them when they left Egypt so they could bury his bones in the land that God promised them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

633HEB1123g2wxfigs-activepassiveΜωϋσῆς, γεννηθεὶς, ἐκρύβη τρίμηνον ὑπὸ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ1Moses, when he was born, was hidden for three months by his parents
634HEB1124h5wzμέγας γενόμενος1had grown up

had become an adult

635HEB1124mq2xfigs-activepassiveἠρνήσατο λέγεσθαι1refused to be called
636HEB1126i9scfigs-abstractnounsτὸν ὀνειδισμὸν τοῦ Χριστοῦ1the disgrace of following Christ
637HEB1126xq6tfigs-metaphorτοῦ Χριστοῦ1following Christ

Obeying Christ is spoken of as if it were following him down a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

638HEB1126t588figs-metaphorἀπέβλεπεν ... εἰς τὴν μισθαποδοσίαν1fixing his eyes on his reward
639HEB1127rc43figs-simileτὸν ... ἀόρατον ὡς ὁρῶν, ἐκαρτέρησεν1he endured as if he were seeing the one who is invisible

Moses is spoken of as if he saw God, who is invisible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

640HEB1127cc8wτὸν ... ἀόρατον1the one who is invisible

the one no one can see

641HEB1128tz7kπεποίηκεν τὸ Πάσχα καὶ τὴν πρόσχυσιν τοῦ αἵματος1he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of the blood
642HEB1128bef7figs-explicitτὴν πρόσχυσιν τοῦ αἵματος1the sprinkling of the blood

This refers to God's command to the Israelites to kill a lamb and spread its blood on the doorposts of every house where Israelites lived. This would prevent the destroyer from harming their firstborn sons. This was one of the Passover commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

643HEB1128bm2ffigs-metonymyμὴ ... θίγῃ1should not touch
644HEB1129z2yj0General Information:
645HEB1129a67hδιέβησαν τὴν Ἐρυθρὰν Θάλασσαν1they passed through the Sea of Reeds

the Israelites passed through the Sea of Reeds

646HEB1129hq2yfigs-activepassiveκατεπόθησαν1they were swallowed up
647HEB1129kmy8figs-personificationκατεπόθησαν1they were swallowed up
648HEB1130lnw4figs-activepassiveκυκλωθέντα ἐπὶ ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας1they had been circled around for seven days
649HEB1130dw7vtranslate-numbersἑπτὰ ἡμέρας1seven days
650HEB1131ftc8δεξαμένη τοὺς κατασκόπους μετ’ εἰρήνης1had received the spies in peace

had peacefully received the spies

651HEB1132f7ip0Connecting Statement:

The writer continues to speak of what God did for the ancestors of the people of Israel.

652HEB1132rh6yfigs-rquestionτί ἔτι λέγω?1What more can I say?
653HEB1132bs7hἐπιλείψει ... με ... ὁ χρόνος1the time will fail me

I will not have enough time

654HEB1132ni55translate-namesΒαράκ1Barak

This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

655HEB1133f3jxοἳ διὰ πίστεως1It was through faith
656HEB1133v5w8οἳ ... κατηγωνίσαντο βασιλείας1they conquered kingdoms
657HEB1133u2sufigs-metaphorἔφραξαν στόματα λεόντων1They stopped the mouths of lions
658HEB1134j6svfigs-metaphorἔσβεσαν δύναμιν πυρός, ἔφυγον στόματα μαχαίρης1extinguished the power of fire, escaped the edge of the sword
659HEB1134iri4figs-activepassiveἐδυναμώθησαν ἀπὸ ἀσθενείας1were healed of illnesses
660HEB1134sy63ἐγενήθησαν ἰσχυροὶ ἐν πολέμῳ ... ἔκλιναν1became mighty in battle, and defeated

and they became mighty in battle and defeated

661HEB1135t9spfigs-abstractnounsἔλαβον γυναῖκες ἐξ ἀναστάσεως τοὺς νεκροὺς αὐτῶν1Women received back their dead by resurrection
662HEB1135ne1ufigs-activepassiveἄλλοι δὲ ἐτυμπανίσθησαν, οὐ προσδεξάμενοι τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν1Others were tortured, not accepting release
663HEB1135faq3ἐτυμπανίσθησαν1tortured

made to suffer great mental or physical pain

664HEB1135jyw7κρείττονος ἀναστάσεως1a better resurrection

Possible meanings are 1) these people will experience a better life in heaven than what they experienced in this world or 2) these people will have a better resurrection than those who did not have faith. Those with faith will live forever with God. Those without faith will live forever separated from God.

665HEB1136e9alfigs-activepassiveἕτεροι ... ἐμπαιγμῶν καὶ μαστίγων πεῖραν ἔλαβον1Others had testing in mocking and whippings
666HEB1136nx7ufigs-abstractnounsἕτεροι ... ἐμπαιγμῶν καὶ μαστίγων πεῖραν ἔλαβον, ἔτι δὲ δεσμῶν καὶ φυλακῆς1Others had testing in mocking and whippings, and even chains and imprisonment
667HEB1137fg8cfigs-activepassiveἐλιθάσθησαν, ἐπρίσθησαν, ἐπειράσθησαν, ἐν φόνῳ μαχαίρης ἀπέθανον1They were stoned. They were sawn in two. They were killed with the sword
668HEB1137r3gxπεριῆλθον1went about
669HEB1137qf89ἐν μηλωταῖς ἐν αἰγίοις δέρμασιν1in sheepskins and goatskins

wearing only the skins of sheep and goats

670HEB1137x2jfὑστερούμενοι1destitute
671HEB1138a721figs-metonymyοὐκ ἦν ἄξιος ὁ κόσμος1The world was not worthy
672HEB1138j9lpπλανώμενοι1They wandered about

This was because they had no place to live.

673HEB1138li8jσπηλαίοις καὶ ταῖς ὀπαῖς τῆς γῆς1caves and holes in the ground

caves, and some lived in holes in the ground

674HEB1139l5wdfigs-activepassiveοὗτοι πάντες μαρτυρηθέντες διὰ τῆς πίστεως, οὐκ ἐκομίσαντο τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν1Although all these people were approved by God because of their faith, they did not receive the promise
675HEB1139vgw2figs-metonymyτὴν ἐπαγγελίαν1the promise
676HEB1140p9uufigs-activepassiveἵνα μὴ χωρὶς ἡμῶν τελειωθῶσιν1so that without us, they would not be made perfect
677HEB12introh1qb0

Hebrews 12 General Notes

Structure and formatting

After telling of the value discipline, the author begins a series of exhortations. (See; [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exhort]])

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:5-6, which are words from the Old Testament.

Special concepts in this chapter

Discipline

God wants his people to do what is right. When they do what is wrong, he needs to correct or punish them. He does this just as earthly fathers correct and punish children whom they love. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]])

678HEB121jg6wfigs-inclusive0General Information:
679HEB121k8mr0Connecting Statement:

Because of this great number of Old Testament believers, the author talks of the life of faith that believers should live with Jesus as their example.

680HEB121f6u9figs-metaphorἡμεῖς, τοσοῦτον ἔχοντες περικείμενον ἡμῖν νέφος μαρτύρων1we are surrounded by such a large cloud of witnesses
681HEB121hf97μαρτύρων1witnesses
682HEB121yw1tfigs-metaphorὄγκον ἀποθέμενοι πάντα καὶ τὴν εὐπερίστατον ἁμαρτίαν1let us lay aside every weight and easily entangling sin
683HEB121zln7figs-metaphorὄγκον ... πάντα1every weight

Attitudes or habits that keep believers from trusting and obeying God are spoken of as if they were loads that would make it difficult for a person to carry while running. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

684HEB121t6wufigs-metaphorτὴν εὐπερίστατον ἁμαρτίαν1easily entangling sin
685HEB121g5dnfigs-metaphorτρέχωμεν τὸν προκείμενον ἡμῖν ἀγῶνα1Let us patiently run the race that is placed before us
686HEB122a946τὸν τῆς πίστεως ἀρχηγὸν καὶ τελειωτὴν1the founder and perfecter of the faith
687HEB122za14figs-metaphorἀντὶ τῆς προκειμένης αὐτῷ χαρᾶς1For the joy that was placed before him

The joy that Jesus would experience is spoken of as if God the Father had placed it before him as a goal to reach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

688HEB122y7meαἰσχύνης καταφρονήσας1despised its shame

This means he was not concerned about the shame of dying on a cross.

689HEB122vm9btranslate-symactionἐν δεξιᾷ τε τοῦ θρόνου τοῦ Θεοῦ κεκάθικεν1sat down at the right hand of the throne of God
690HEB123i1xlfigs-metonymyκάμητε ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν1weary in your hearts
691HEB124q1w80Connecting Statement:

The author of Hebrews has been comparing the Christian life to a race.

692HEB124b9b7figs-personificationοὔπω ... ἀντικατέστητε, πρὸς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἀνταγωνιζόμενοι1You have not yet resisted or struggled against sin
693HEB124i4ipfigs-metaphorμέχρις αἵματος1to the point of blood

Resisting opposition so much that one dies for it is spoken of as if one reached a certain place where he would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

694HEB124uwg6figs-metonymyαἵματος1of blood
695HEB125y6cvfigs-personificationτῆς παρακλήσεως ἥτις ὑμῖν ... διαλέγεται1the encouragement that instructs you
696HEB125e6a9figs-gendernotationsὡς υἱοῖς ... υἱέ μου1as sons ... My son
697HEB125a7vfυἱέ μου ... ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ ἐλεγχόμενος1My son ... corrected by him

Here the author is quoting from the book of Proverbs in the Old Testament, which was the words of Solomon to his male children.

698HEB125cxe9figs-litotesμὴ ὀλιγώρει παιδείας Κυρίου, μηδὲ ἐκλύου1do not think lightly of the Lord's discipline, nor grow weary
699HEB125cjq5μηδὲ ἐκλύου1nor grow weary

and do not become discouraged

700HEB125i1a6figs-activepassiveὑπ’ αὐτοῦ ἐλεγχόμενος1you are corrected by him
701HEB126zu3cπάντα υἱὸν ὃν παραδέχεται1every son whom he receives
702HEB127y3z3εἰς παιδείαν ὑπομένετε1Endure suffering as discipline

Understand that during suffering God teaches us discipline

703HEB127v1gufigs-simileὡς υἱοῖς ὑμῖν προσφέρεται ὁ Θεός1God deals with you as with sons
704HEB127i3k4figs-gendernotationsὑμῖν ... υἱὸς1sons ... son
705HEB127jb38figs-rquestionτίς γὰρ υἱὸς ὃν οὐ παιδεύει πατήρ?1what son is there whom his father does not discipline?
706HEB128kwc6figs-abstractnounsεἰ δὲ χωρίς ἐστε παιδείας, ἧς μέτοχοι γεγόνασι πάντες1But if you are without discipline, which all people share in
707HEB128s5u9figs-metaphorἄρα νόθοι καὶ οὐχ υἱοί ἐστε1then you are illegitimate and not his sons

Those whom God does not discipline are spoken of as if they are sons born to a man and a woman who are not married each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

708HEB129r4lbfigs-exclamationsπολὺ ... μᾶλλον ὑποταγησόμεθα τῷ Πατρὶ τῶν πνευμάτων, καὶ ζήσομεν?1How much more should we submit to the Father of spirits and live!
709HEB129cl95figs-idiomτῷ Πατρὶ τῶν πνευμάτων1the Father of spirits
710HEB129pem8καὶ ζήσομεν1and live

so that we will live

711HEB1210l1a3figs-metaphorεἰς τὸ μεταλαβεῖν τῆς ἁγιότητος αὐτοῦ1so that we can share in his holiness
712HEB1211g13efigs-metaphorκαρπὸν εἰρηνικὸν ... ἀποδίδωσιν δικαιοσύνης1it produces the peaceful fruit of righteousness
713HEB1211xbg8figs-personificationτοῖς δι’ αὐτῆς γεγυμνασμένοις1who have been trained by it
714HEB1212cvp9figs-metaphorτὰς παρειμένας χεῖρας καὶ τὰ παραλελυμένα γόνατα ἀνορθώσατε1strengthen your hands that hang down and your weak knees.

Possibly this continues the metaphor about the race in Hebrews 12:1. It is in this way that the author speaks about living as Christians and helping others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

715HEB1213yi9nfigs-metaphorτροχιὰς ὀρθὰς ποιεῖτε τοῖς ποσὶν ὑμῶν1Make straight paths for your feet

Possibly this continues the metaphor about the race in Hebrews 12:1. It is in this way that the author speaks about living as Christians and helping others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

716HEB1213qmq7figs-metaphorτροχιὰς ὀρθὰς1straight paths

Living so as to honor and please God is spoken of as if it were a straight path to follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

717HEB1213i19dfigs-metaphorμὴ τὸ χωλὸν ἐκτραπῇ1what is lame will not be sprained
718HEB1213euf9figs-metaphorμὴ ... ἐκτραπῇ1will not be sprained
719HEB1213wq18figs-metaphorἰαθῇ ... μᾶλλον1rather be healed
720HEB1214b6ef0General Information:

The man Esau, who was told about in the writings of Moses, refers to Isaac's first son and Jacob's brother.

721HEB1214h45rfigs-metaphorεἰρήνην διώκετε μετὰ πάντων1Pursue peace with everyone
722HEB1214pa9afigs-doublenegativesκαὶ τὸν ἁγιασμόν, οὗ χωρὶς οὐδεὶς ὄψεται τὸν Κύριον1also the holiness without which no one will see the Lord
723HEB1214v9z7figs-ellipsisκαὶ τὸν ἁγιασμόν1also the holiness
724HEB1215at8jμή τις ὑστερῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ' τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ1no one lacks God's grace
725HEB1215nh7gfigs-metaphorμή τις ῥίζα πικρίας ἄνω φύουσα ἐνοχλῇ, καὶ δι’ αὐτῆς μιανθῶσιν πολλοί1that no root of bitterness grows up to cause trouble, so that many do not become polluted by it
726HEB1217j6x8figs-activepassiveἀπεδοκιμάσθη1he was rejected
727HEB1217d6hefigs-abstractnounsμετανοίας γὰρ τόπον οὐχ εὗρεν1because he found no opportunity for repentance
728HEB1217b7k3καίπερ μετὰ δακρύων ἐκζητήσας αὐτήν1even though he sought it with tears
729HEB1218y1ed0General Information:
730HEB1218xti40Connecting Statement:

The author gives a contrast between what believers in Moses' time had while living under the law and what present day believers have after coming to Jesus under the new covenant. He illustrates the experience of the Israelites by describing how God appeared to them at Mount Sinai.

731HEB1218a43lfigs-explicitοὐ γὰρ προσεληλύθατε, ψηλαφωμένῳ1For you have not come to a mountain that can be touched
732HEB1218w6j6figs-activepassiveπροσεληλύθατε1that can be touched
733HEB1219s3x2σάλπιγγος ἤχῳ1You have not come to a trumpet blast

You have not come to a place where there is the loud sound of a trumpet

734HEB1219x2qkfigs-metonymyκαὶ φωνῇ ῥημάτων, ἧς οἱ ἀκούσαντες παρῃτήσαντο, μὴ προστεθῆναι αὐτοῖς λόγον1nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to them
735HEB1220p7qufigs-activepassiveτὸ διαστελλόμενον1what was commanded
736HEB1220x31xfigs-activepassiveλιθοβοληθήσεται1it must be stoned
737HEB1222w9jj0General Information:

The man Abel was the son of the first man and woman, Adam and Eve. Cain, also their son, murdered Abel.

738HEB1222r9dzfigs-metaphorΣιὼν Ὄρει1Mount Zion

The writer speaks of Mount Zion, the temple mount in Jerusalem, as if it were heaven itself, the residence of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

739HEB1222k1kvμυριάσιν ἀγγέλων1tens of thousands of angels

an uncountable number of angels

740HEB1223j94efigs-metaphorπρωτοτόκων1the firstborn

This speaks of believers in Christ as if they were firstborn sons. This emphasizes their special place and privilege as God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

741HEB1223km4afigs-activepassiveἀπογεγραμμένων ἐν οὐρανοῖς1registered in heaven
742HEB1223i7qbfigs-activepassiveτετελειωμένων1who have been made perfect
743HEB1224kq1vδιαθήκης νέας μεσίτῃ1the mediator of a new covenant

This means Jesus caused the new covenant between God and humans to exist. See how you translated this phrase in Hebrews 9:15.

744HEB1224nz8lfigs-personificationαἵματι ῥαντισμοῦ, κρεῖττον λαλοῦντι παρὰ τὸν Ἂβελ1the sprinkled blood that speaks better than Abel's blood
745HEB1224z7uqfigs-metonymyαἵματι1blood
746HEB1225pnn5figs-you0General Information:
747HEB1225c9cn0Connecting Statement:

Having contrasted the Israelites' experience at Mount Sinai with the believers' experience after Christ died, the writer reminds believers that they have the same God who warns them today. This is the fifth main warning given to believers.

748HEB1225nnk9figs-doublenegativesμὴ παραιτήσησθε τὸν λαλοῦντα1you do not refuse the one who is speaking
749HEB1225gkn1figs-explicitεἰ ... ἐκεῖνοι οὐκ ἐξέφυγον1if they did not escape
750HEB1225fy9uἐπὶ γῆς ... τὸν χρηματίζοντα1the one who warned them on earth
751HEB1225s5ljfigs-metaphorἡμεῖς οἱ τὸν ἀπ’ οὐρανῶν ἀποστρεφόμενοι1if we turn away from the one who is warning
752HEB1226rf4eοὗ ἡ φωνὴ τὴν γῆν ἐσάλευσεν1his voice shook the earth

when God spoke, the sound of his voice caused the earth to shake

753HEB1226i1c8ἐσάλευσεν ... σείσω1shook ... shake

Use the word for what an earthquake does in moving the ground. This refers back to Hebrews 12:18-21 and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God.

754HEB1227ylq90General Information:

Here the quotation from the prophet Haggai is repeated from the previous verse.

755HEB1227z6ysfigs-abstractnounsδηλοῖ τῶν σαλευομένων μετάθεσιν, ὡς πεποιημένων1mean the removal of those things that can be shaken, that is, of the things
756HEB1227l29rτῶν σαλευομένων1shaken
757HEB1227s3xtfigs-activepassiveπεποιημένων1that have been created
758HEB1227ta84figs-activepassiveτὰ μὴ σαλευόμενα1the things that cannot be shaken
759HEB1227zr9xfigs-activepassiveτὰ μὴ σαλευόμενα1that cannot be shaken
760HEB1228m44cwriting-connectingwordsβασιλείαν ... παραλαμβάνοντες1receiving a kingdom
761HEB1228btf6ἔχωμεν χάριν1let us be grateful

let us give thanks

762HEB1228f382figs-doubletμετὰ εὐλαβείας καὶ δέους1with reverence and awe
763HEB1229f899figs-metaphorὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν πῦρ καταναλίσκον1our God is a consuming fire

God is spoken of here as if he were a fire that can burn up anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

764HEB13introc8gg0

Hebrews 13 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The author finishes the list of exhortations he began in chapter 12. Then he asks the readers to pray for him and ends the letter.

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 13:6, which are words from the Old Testament.

Special concepts in this chapter

Hospitality

God wants his people to invite other people to come to their homes to eat food and even to sleep. His people should do this even if they do not know well the people they are inviting. In the Old Testament, Abraham and his nephew Lot both showed hospitality to people they did not know. Abraham served a costly meal to them, and then Lot invited them to sleep in his house. They learned later that those people were actually angels.

765HEB131sf1n0Connecting Statement:

In this closing section, the author gives specific instructions to believers on how they are supposed to live.

766HEB131g819ἡ φιλαδελφία μενέτω1Let brotherly love continue

Continue to show your love for other believers as you would for a member of your family

767HEB132rh7rfigs-litotesμὴ ἐπιλανθάνεσθε1Do not forget
768HEB132y7cdφιλοξενίας1hospitality

to welcome and show kindness to strangers

769HEB133mx5rfigs-activepassiveὡς συνδεδεμένοι1as if you were bound with them
770HEB133d3zefigs-activepassiveτῶν κακουχουμένων1who are mistreated
771HEB133g4apfigs-activepassiveὡς καὶ αὐτοὶ ὄντες ἐν σώματι1as if you also were them in the body
772HEB134ix27figs-activepassiveτίμιος ὁ γάμος ἐν πᾶσιν1Let marriage be respected by everyone
773HEB134ix79figs-euphemismἡ κοίτη ἀμίαντος1Let the marriage bed be pure
774HEB135sz35ἀφιλάργυρος ὁ τρόπος1Let your conduct be free from the love of money
775HEB135n19cἀρκούμενοι1Be content

Be satisfied

776HEB136c8w6figs-explicitΚύριος ἐμοὶ βοηθός ... ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος1The Lord is my helper ... do to me

This is a quotation from the book of Psalms in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

777HEB136q8iefigs-rquestionοὐ φοβηθήσομαι; τί ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος?1I will not be afraid. What can a man do to me?
778HEB137e6b5τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ1God's word

what God has said

779HEB137ym9mτὴν ἔκβασιν τῆς ἀναστροφῆς1the result of their conduct

the outcome of the way they behave

780HEB137tvu6figs-metonymyμιμεῖσθε τὴν πίστιν1Imitate their faith
781HEB138dv5gfigs-metonymyἐχθὲς καὶ σήμερον, ὁ αὐτός, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας1is the same yesterday, today, and forever
782HEB139y92c0General Information:

This section refers to animal sacrifices made by believers in God in Old Testament times, which covered their sins temporarily until the death of Christ came about.

783HEB139dp5wfigs-metaphorδιδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις, μὴ παραφέρεσθε1Do not be carried away by various strange teachings
784HEB139fe6iδιδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις1various strange teachings

many, different teachings that are not the good news we told you

785HEB139tmt1figs-metaphorκαλὸν ... χάριτι βεβαιοῦσθαι τὴν καρδίαν, οὐ βρώμασιν, ἐν οἷς οὐκ ὠφελήθησαν οἱ περιπατοῦντες1it is good that the heart should be strengthened by grace, not by foods that do not help those who walk by them
786HEB139t28ufigs-metonymyβεβαιοῦσθαι τὴν καρδίαν1the heart should be strengthened
787HEB139ar93figs-metonymyβρώμασιν1foods
788HEB139kf3bfigs-metaphorοἱ περιπατοῦντες1those who walk by them
789HEB1310jjy3figs-metonymyἔχομεν θυσιαστήριον1We have an altar
790HEB1311luf7figs-activepassiveὧν ... εἰσφέρεται ζῴων τὸ αἷμα περὶ ἁμαρτίας εἰς τὰ ἅγια διὰ τοῦ ἀρχιερέως1the blood of the animals killed for sins is brought by the high priest into the holy place
791HEB1311iv19figs-activepassiveτούτων τὰ σώματα κατακαίεται1while their bodies are burned
792HEB1311f7nbἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς1outside the camp

away from where the people lived

793HEB1312x48h0Connecting Statement:

There is a comparison here between Jesus' sacrifice and the tabernacle sacrifices of the Old Testament.

794HEB1312fw9gδιὸ1So
795HEB1312eq6tfigs-metonymyἔξω τῆς πύλης1outside the city gate
796HEB1313zf8vfigs-metaphorτοίνυν ἐξερχώμεθα πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς1Let us therefore go to him outside the camp

Obeying Jesus is spoken of as if a person were leaving the camp to go out where Jesus is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

797HEB1313h3j4figs-metaphorτὸν ὀνειδισμὸν αὐτοῦ φέροντες1bearing his shame
798HEB1314u2wnἐπιζητοῦμεν1looking for

waiting for

799HEB1315zfy9figs-metaphorθυσίαν αἰνέσεως1a sacrifice of praise

Praise is spoken of as if it were a sacrifice of animals or incense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

800HEB1315b4p1figs-metaphorαἰνέσεως ... τοῦτ’ ἔστιν καρπὸν χειλέων1praise that is the fruit of lips that acknowledge his name
801HEB1315zr2dfigs-synecdocheχειλέων ὁμολογούντων τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ ὁμολογούντων τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ1lips that acknowledge his name
802HEB1315v52xfigs-metonymyτῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ1his name
803HEB1316ma8cfigs-litotesτῆς ... εὐποιΐας καὶ κοινωνίας μὴ ἐπιλανθάνεσθε1Let us not forget doing good and helping one another
804HEB1316kp76figs-metaphorτοιαύταις ... θυσίαις1with such sacrifices

Doing good and helping others is spoken of as if they were sacrifices on an altar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

805HEB1317n5e8figs-metaphorἀγρυπνοῦσιν ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν1keep watch over your souls

The believers' souls, that is, the believers' spiritual well-being, are spoken of as if they were objects or animals that guards could keep watch over. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

806HEB1317z2ypfigs-metonymyμὴ στενάζοντες1not with groaning
807HEB1318d5hf0Connecting Statement:

The author closes with a blessing and greetings.

808HEB1318xmh1figs-exclusiveπροσεύχεσθε περὶ ἡμῶν1Pray for us
809HEB1318n6gbfigs-metaphorπειθόμεθα ... ὅτι καλὴν συνείδησιν ἔχομεν1we are persuaded that we have a clean conscience
810HEB1319cg4lfigs-activepassiveἵνα τάχειον ἀποκατασταθῶ ὑμῖν1that I will be returned to you sooner
811HEB1320n66eδὲ1Now

This marks a new section of the letter. Here the author praises God and gives a final prayer for his readers.

812HEB1320d8yqὁ ἀναγαγὼν ἐκ νεκρῶν τὸν Ποιμένα τῶν προβάτων τὸν μέγαν ... τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ1brought back from the dead the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus

raised the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus, to life

813HEB1320k6n6ἐκ νεκρῶν1from the dead

From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To raise someone from among them speaks of causing that person to become alive again.

814HEB1320gn9wfigs-metaphorτὸν Ποιμένα τῶν προβάτων τὸν μέγαν1the great shepherd of the sheep

Christ in his role of leader and protector of those who believe in him is spoken of as if he were a shepherd of sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

815HEB1320qxb8figs-metonymyἐν αἵματι διαθήκης αἰωνίου1by the blood of the eternal covenant
816HEB1321qj79καταρτίσαι ὑμᾶς ἐν παντὶ ἀγαθῷ, εἰς τὸ ποιῆσαι τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ1equip you with everything good to do his will
817HEB1321r3mifigs-inclusiveποιῶν ἐν ἡμῖν1working in us
818HEB1321u6iqᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων1to whom be the glory forever

whom all people will praise forever

819HEB1322wa9rδὲ1Now

This marks a new section of the letter. Here the author gives his final comments to his audience.

820HEB1322b27jfigs-gendernotationsἀδελφοί1brothers
821HEB1322d5e6ἀνέχεσθε τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως1bear with the word of encouragement

patiently consider what I have just written to encourage you

822HEB1322l8b3figs-metonymyτοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως1the word of encouragement
823HEB1323w3m2figs-activepassiveἀπολελυμένον1has been set free
824HEB1324r7knἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας1Those from Italy greet you

Possible meanings are 1) the author is not in Italy, but there is a group of believers with him who have come from Italy or 2) the author is in Italy while writing this letter.

825HEB1324kk9ctranslate-namesτῆς Ἰταλίας1Italy

This is the name of a region at that time. Rome was the then-capital city of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])