en_tn/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv

1	Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2	JOL	front	intro	aq5w			0
3	JOL	1	intro	q2ev			0		Joel 01 General Notes Structure and formatting Joel is written in poetic form and with striking imagery. The ULT is written in poetic form, but the UST has been transferred to a prose form. If possible, use the poetic form to communicate the meaning of this book in order to stay closer to the original meaning of the text. Special concepts in this chapter Locusts This book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and they progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of the whole land of Israel. It was common for farmers in the ancient Near East to experience large locust swarms that would come and eat all crops in their fields. Joel might be describing such attacks in this first chapter. Because Joel uses military terms and images to describe these locust attacks, his descriptions might represent enemy invaders who would come and destroy the land its people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. Important figures of speech in this chapter Rhetorical Questions The author also uses rhetorical questions that communicate surprise and alarm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4	JOL	1	1	qry6	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	God speaks through Joel to the people of Israel using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5	JOL	1	1	er8g	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh that came to Joel
6	JOL	1	1	qwp8			0	Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
7	JOL	1	1	m5wr	translate-names		0	Pethuel	Joel's father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8	JOL	1	2	t74n	figs-rquestion		0	Has anything like this happened in your days or in the days of your ancestors?
9	JOL	1	3	vge5	figs-ellipsis		0	their children the next generation
10	JOL	1	4	m68u	translate-unknown		0	the swarming locust	large groups of insects like grasshoppers that fly together and eat large areas of food crops (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
11	JOL	1	4	ny2z			0	swarming locust ... great locust ... grasshopper ... caterpillar	These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language.
12	JOL	1	5	zk2a			0	General Information:	God warns the people of Israel about the coming locust army.
13	JOL	1	5	l1nq	figs-parallelism		0	you drunkards, and weep! Wail, all you drinkers of wine
14	JOL	1	6	qm8j	figs-metaphor		0	a nation	The locust swarm is like an invading army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15	JOL	1	6	jn1q			0	His teeth ... he has the teeth
16	JOL	1	6	mpz6	figs-parallelism		0	His teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he has the teeth of a lioness.	These two lines share similar meanings. The reference to the locusts' teeth being as sharp as lions' teeth emphasize how fierce they are as they eat all of the crops of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17	JOL	1	6	aj1z			0	my land	Yahweh's land
18	JOL	1	7	sxr3			0	He has made ... He has stripped
19	JOL	1	7	hi96			0	my vineyard ... my fig tree	Yahweh's vineyard and fig tree
20	JOL	1	7	k8l9			0	desolate	empty and without life
21	JOL	1	8	iwe3			0	General Information:	God continues speaking to the people of Israel.
22	JOL	1	10	zn6h	figs-metaphor		0	the ground is mourning
23	JOL	1	10	j565	figs-activepassive		0	the grain has been destroyed
24	JOL	1	11	mx5v			0	General Information:	God continues speaking to the people of Israel.
25	JOL	1	11	eeq1	translate-unknown		0	barley	a type of grass, like wheat, whose seeds can be used to make bread (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
26	JOL	1	12	pk4b			0	withered	dried up and died
27	JOL	1	12	r11a	translate-unknown		0	fig ... pomegranate ... apple	different types of fruit (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
28	JOL	1	13	uv6d			0	General Information:	God speaks to the priests in Israel
29	JOL	1	13	w9cv			0	the grain offering and the drink offering	regular offerings in the temple
30	JOL	1	14	z8ne			0	the house of Yahweh your God	the temple in Jerusalem
31	JOL	1	15	q895			0	General Information:	This is what God is telling the priests to say.
32	JOL	1	15	u6hs	figs-abstractnouns		0	With it will come destruction from the Almighty
33	JOL	1	16	yv6d	figs-ellipsis		0	Has not food been cut off from before our eyes, and joy and gladness from the house of our God?
34	JOL	1	16	r8wr	figs-synecdoche		0	from before our eyes
35	JOL	1	16	f1eb	figs-ellipsis		0	joy and gladness from the house of our God
36	JOL	1	16	ppt5	figs-doublet		0	joy and gladness	These two words mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that there is no kind of joyful activity happening at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
37	JOL	1	17	y7su			0	clods	lumps of dirt
38	JOL	1	18	w5nw			0	General Information:	God continues to tell the priests how they should pray for Israel.
39	JOL	1	18	ul6j			0	groan	make a deep sound because of pain
40	JOL	1	20	n9lf			0	brooks	small streams
41	JOL	2	intro	j2gp			0		Joel 02 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter continues in the poetic form with striking imagery of armies and soldiers. Special concepts in this chapter Locusts This book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of Israel. Important figures of speech in this chapter This chapter uses simile to a great extent as Joel tries to describe this army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) Metaphor The drought, or severe lack of rain, Joel describes is probably a real drought. It might also be a picture of either enemy invaders or of Yahweh himself coming to punish his people and the other nations. Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts and drought as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
42	JOL	2	1	t9j9	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Joel continues poetry that began in the previous chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
43	JOL	2	1	m7i5			0	Blow the trumpet ... sound an alarm	Joel is emphasizing the importance of calling Israel together in preparation for the destruction that is coming.
44	JOL	2	2	qmb9	figs-doublet		0	day of darkness and gloom
45	JOL	2	2	st7t			0	gloom	total or partial darkness
46	JOL	2	2	pcr6	figs-doublet		0	day of clouds and thick darkness
47	JOL	2	2	h3d1	figs-simile		0	Like the dawn that spreads on the mountains, a large and mighty army is approaching
48	JOL	2	2	ekb8	figs-metaphor		0	a large and mighty army
49	JOL	2	3	xcv4			0	General Information:	Joel's description of the coming army continues.
50	JOL	2	3	fly5	figs-metaphor		0	A fire is consuming everything in front of it
51	JOL	2	3	z5iu	figs-metaphor		0	behind it a flame is burning	After a wall of flame goes through dry land and burns the dryest and smallest fuel, there will still be flames as the larger and less dry fuel burns, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
52	JOL	2	3	yne4	figs-simile		0	land is like the garden of Eden	The garden of Eden was a beautiful place, and the land was beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
53	JOL	2	4	ex3a			0	General Information:	The description continues with the noises of an army of horses.
54	JOL	2	4	ztn5	figs-simile		0	The army's appearance is like horses	The head of a locust looks like a small horse head. The army is fast, and horses are fast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
55	JOL	2	4	fdt4	translate-unknown		0	horses	A large, strong, fast animal with four legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
56	JOL	2	4	myc3	figs-simile		0	they run like horsemen	Men riding horses move quickly, and the army moves quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
57	JOL	2	5	m6fl			0	jump	A horse jumps or leaps as it runs quickly.
58	JOL	2	5	n75f	figs-simile		0	a noise like that of chariots ... like the noise of fiery flames ... like a mighty army ready for battle
59	JOL	2	6	bh52			0	General Information:	Joel continues to describe the locust army of Yahweh.
60	JOL	2	7	e5ge	figs-personification		0	They run like mighty warriors ... climb the walls like soldiers	The army of locusts acts as real soldiers do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
61	JOL	2	7	d4kv			0	walls	walls around the cities
62	JOL	2	8	u5ew			0	General Information:	The description of the locust army of Yahweh continues.
63	JOL	2	8	yt67			0	they break through the defenses	they overcome the soldiers defending the city.
64	JOL	2	10	iu1h	figs-personification		0	The earth shakes in front of them, the heavens tremble
65	JOL	2	10	lm84	figs-hyperbole		0	the sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars stop shining	This exaggeration claims that there are so many locusts that people cannot see the sun, moon, or stars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
66	JOL	2	11	mi1t			0	Yahweh raises his voice
67	JOL	2	11	tzv4	figs-hendiadys		0	great and very terrible
68	JOL	2	11	vht4	figs-rquestion		0	Who can survive it?
69	JOL	2	12	d1i9	figs-metonymy		0	Return to me with all your heart
70	JOL	2	13	d1sf	figs-metonymy		0	Tear your heart and not only your garments
71	JOL	2	13	wfp5	figs-abstractnouns		0	abundant in covenant faithfulness
72	JOL	2	13	e3gw			0	turn from	stop
73	JOL	2	14	a2av	figs-rquestion		0	Will he perhaps turn ... God?
74	JOL	2	14	xys3			0	leave a blessing behind him, a grain offering and a drink offering
75	JOL	2	16	jzj1			0	bridal chambers	rooms, usually in the parents' houses, where brides would wait for their wedding ceremonies
76	JOL	2	17	fek9			0	do not make your inheritance into an object of scorn	do not allow your inheritance to become people whom the other nations regard as worthless
77	JOL	2	17	kqr6	figs-metaphor		0	your inheritance
78	JOL	2	17	ey9s	figs-rquestion		0	Why should they say among the nations, 'Where is their God?'
79	JOL	2	18	xeg7			0	his land	the nation of Israel
80	JOL	2	18	im7l			0	his people	the people of Israel
81	JOL	2	19	lu18			0	Look	Pay attention to what I am about to say
82	JOL	2	19	jde5			0	You will be satisfied with them	You will have all you need of them
83	JOL	2	19	tqc6			0	a disgrace	unworthy of respect
84	JOL	2	20	q49d			0	General Information:	God continues his promise to Israel.
85	JOL	2	20	khh7			0	northern ... eastern ... western	These directions are from the perspective of people living in the land of Israel.
86	JOL	2	20	v9xy			0	the eastern sea	the Dead Sea
87	JOL	2	20	ue9y			0	the western sea	the Mediterranean Sea
88	JOL	2	20	k6n8			0	he has done great things
89	JOL	2	21	g3z3	figs-apostrophe		0	Do not fear, land
90	JOL	2	22	n9lm	figs-apostrophe		0	Do not fear, beasts of the field
91	JOL	2	22	t5ty	figs-metonymy		0	the pastures of the wilderness will sprout
92	JOL	2	23	xlq6			0	he will ... bring down showers for you	he will ... cause much rain to fall so that you will live well
93	JOL	2	23	vnx8			0	autumn rain and the spring rain	the first rains of the rainy season in early December and the last rains in April and May
94	JOL	2	24	gw97			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh begins a long speech to the Israelites.
95	JOL	2	24	p8u1			0	vats	large containers for liquids
96	JOL	2	25	k6bd			0	the years of crops that the swarming locust has eaten	the crops that you took care of for years and that the swarming locusts have eaten
97	JOL	2	25	e81a			0	swarming locust ... the great locust, the devouring locust, and the destroying locust	These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language. See how you translated this in Joel 1:4.
98	JOL	2	26	qw24			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in Joel 2:25, promising good things for the people of Israel.
99	JOL	2	26	jy17	figs-metonymy		0	praise the name of Yahweh
100	JOL	2	26	x2qr	figs-123person		0	the name of Yahweh ... who has done wonders
101	JOL	2	28	h1ph			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in Joel 2:25, promising good things for the people of Israel.
102	JOL	2	28	p6xw			0	It will come about afterward that I	This is what I will do after that: I
103	JOL	2	28	mc8b	figs-metaphor		0	I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh
104	JOL	2	28	ny8x	figs-synecdoche		0	all flesh
105	JOL	2	30	c326			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in Joel 2:25, promising good things for the people of Israel.
106	JOL	2	30	fxj8	figs-metonymy		0	blood, fire, and pillars of smoke
107	JOL	2	31	e1db			0	The sun will turn into darkness	The sun will no longer give light
108	JOL	2	31	fc5h	figs-metonymy		0	the moon into blood
109	JOL	2	32	xyf3			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in Joel 2:25, promising good things for the people of Israel.
110	JOL	2	32	w6nv			0	It will be that everyone	This is what will happen: everyone
111	JOL	2	32	t1vg	figs-metonymy		0	everyone who calls on the name of Yahweh will be saved
112	JOL	2	32	k5zj	figs-doublet		0	on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem
113	JOL	2	32	j194	figs-ellipsis		0	among the survivors, those whom Yahweh calls
114	JOL	2	32	e73u			0	survivors	people who live through a terrible event like a war or a disaster
115	JOL	3	intro	jcn7			0		Joel 03 General Notes Structure and formatting There is a change in focus in this chapter from the people of Israel to her enemies. The events of this chapters also contain many prophecies about the events of the end of this world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Israel The mention of Israel in this chapter is probably a reference to the people of Judah and not the northern kingdom of Israel. It is also possible this is a reference to the people of Israel as a whole.
116	JOL	3	1	b14f			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in Joel 2:25, promising good things for the people of Israel.
117	JOL	3	1	nha5			0	Behold
118	JOL	3	1	zy3s	figs-doublet		0	in those days and at that time
119	JOL	3	1	c3ys			0	when I return the exiles of Judah and Jerusalem	When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem
120	JOL	3	2	xs2u			0	Valley of Jehoshaphat
121	JOL	3	2	idt3	figs-doublet		0	my people and my inheritance Israel
122	JOL	3	3	z4y6	figs-explicit		0	traded a boy for a prostitute, and sold a girl for wine so they could drink
123	JOL	3	4	k66w			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in Joel 2:25, promising good things for the people of Israel.
124	JOL	3	4	qj6v	figs-rquestion		0	why are you angry at me ... Philistia?
125	JOL	3	4	xaa9	figs-rquestion		0	Will you repay me?
126	JOL	3	4	ns7f	figs-synecdoche		0	I will immediately return your retribution on your own head
127	JOL	3	4	wdm3			0	retribution
128	JOL	3	7	d8mh			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in Joel 2:25, promising good things for the people of Israel.
129	JOL	3	7	sum8			0	Look
130	JOL	3	7	dc6d	figs-explicit		0	out of the place where you sold them	The people of Israel will leave the places where they were slaves and come back to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
131	JOL	3	7	uh32			0	return payment	give back what you deserve
132	JOL	3	8	pww6	figs-metonymy		0	I will sell your sons and your daughters, by the hand of the people of Judah
133	JOL	3	8	t9jc	translate-names		0	Sabeans	the people of the land of Sabea (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
134	JOL	3	9	ih66	figs-irony		0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in Joel 2:25, promising good things for the people of Israel. Here he begins an ironic call to the nations to prepare for a war in which Yahweh will completely destroy the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
135	JOL	3	9	d6ny			0	rouse the mighty men	make the mighty men ready for action
136	JOL	3	10	t93c	figs-parallelism		0	Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning knives into spears	These two phrases share similar meanings. Both of them instruct the people to turn their farming tools into weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
137	JOL	3	10	ze4m			0	plowshares	tools that are used to break up the soil in order to plant crops
138	JOL	3	10	epv7			0	pruning knives	knives that are used to cut off small branches
139	JOL	3	11	iq6r			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in Joel 2:25, promising good things for the people of Israel.
140	JOL	3	11	rp2a	figs-irony		0	Hurry and come ... together there	These words continue the ironic call to battle that begins in Joel 3:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
141	JOL	3	11	p5mc	figs-explicit		0	gather yourselves together
142	JOL	3	11	e3ig			0	Yahweh, bring down your mighty warriors
143	JOL	3	12	b1jw			0	General Information:	Yahweh finishes the speech he began in Joel 2:25, promising good things for the people of Israel.
144	JOL	3	12	ul2y			0	Let the nations wake themselves ... all the surrounding nations
145	JOL	3	12	pq55			0	Valley of Jehoshaphat
146	JOL	3	13	hq7f	figs-metaphor		0	Put in the sickle ... the winepress is full	Possible meanings are that Yahweh speaks of completely destroying the nations as if 1) he were harvesting all the grapes and all the grain or 2) he were harvesting quickly, while the grain and grapes are ripe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
147	JOL	3	13	iw8d	figs-metaphor		0	Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe
148	JOL	3	13	i8r2	figs-metaphor		0	Put in the sickle
149	JOL	3	13	zx33			0	sickle	a long curved knife that people use for cutting grain
150	JOL	3	13	rua7			0	the harvest is ripe	the grain is ready to be harvested
151	JOL	3	13	tz4a	figs-metaphor		0	Come, crush the grapes, for the winepress is full
152	JOL	3	13	haw5	figs-metaphor		0	The vats overflow, for their wickedness is enormous	Yahweh speaks of the nations' wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
153	JOL	3	14	y2ge			0	a tumult, a tumult	A tumult is noise caused by a large crowd. This is repeated to show that it will be very noisy from all the people.
154	JOL	3	14	r3ir			0	Valley of Judgment ... Valley of Judgment	This phrase is repeated to show that the judgment will certainly happen.
155	JOL	3	14	fq2i	figs-abstractnouns		0	Valley of Judgment
156	JOL	3	16	fj29			0	General Information:	Yahweh begins speaking in verse 17.
157	JOL	3	16	fe1r	figs-parallelism		0	Yahweh will roar from Zion, and raise his voice from Jerusalem
158	JOL	3	16	yr8u	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh will roar
159	JOL	3	16	lf34	figs-hyperbole		0	The heavens and earth will shake
160	JOL	3	16	vd5q			0	will shake
161	JOL	3	16	lr5v	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh will be a shelter for his people, and a fortress for the people of Israel
162	JOL	3	17	isx1			0	So you will know	When I do these things, you will know
163	JOL	3	18	kj6z			0	General Information:	God continues to speak about the day of the Lord.
164	JOL	3	18	y22f			0	It will come about on that day that the mountains
165	JOL	3	18	m6v9	figs-hyperbole		0	the mountains will drip with sweet wine
166	JOL	3	18	yj7w	figs-metaphor		0	the hills will flow with milk
167	JOL	3	18	l5yu			0	all the brooks of Judah will flow with water	water will flow through all the brooks of Judah
168	JOL	3	18	k6qq			0	water the Valley of Shittim	will send water to the Valley of Shittim
169	JOL	3	18	f69l	translate-names		0	Shittim
170	JOL	3	19	la92			0	Egypt will become an abandoned devastation	Everyone will leave Egypt and no one will live there
171	JOL	3	19	au36			0	Edom will become an abandoned wilderness	Everyone will leave Edom and it will look like no people have ever lived there
172	JOL	3	19	c2r8			0	because of the violence done to the people of Judah	because of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah
173	JOL	3	19	t6ay	figs-metonymy		0	because they shed innocent blood in their land
174	JOL	3	20	y198			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues to speak about the day of the Lord.
175	JOL	3	20	gi4z	figs-activepassive		0	Judah will be inhabited forever
176	JOL	3	20	f72t	figs-activepassive		0	Jerusalem will be inhabited from generation to generation
177	JOL	3	21	dj9s	figs-metonymy		0	I will avenge their blood that I have not yet avenged