en_tn/en_tn_59-HEB.tsv

193 KiB

1BookChapterVerseIDSupportReferenceOrigQuoteOccurrenceGLQuoteOccurrenceNote
2HEBfrontintroxy4n0
3HEB1introaaf90
4HEB11c5f30General Information:

Although this letter does not mention the recipients to whom it was sent, the author wrote particularly to Hebrews (Jews), who would have understood the many Old Testament references.

5HEB11c5f30General Information:

This prologue lays the background for the whole book: the unsurpassing greatness of the Son — the Son is greater than all. The book begins with emphasizing that the Son is better than the prophets and the angels.

6HEB12scr80in these last days
7HEB12d386guidelines-sonofgodprinciples0through a Son
8HEB12i93zfigs-metaphor0to be the heir of all things
9HEB12gqj80It is through him that God also made the universe

It is through the Son that God also made all things

10HEB13hn4q0the brightness of God's glory
11HEB13b7jc0glory, the exact representation of his being
12HEB13ms8zfigs-metonymy0the word of his power
13HEB13l1pgfigs-abstractnouns0After he had made cleansing for sins
14HEB13f729figs-metaphor0he had made cleansing for sins
15HEB13xij7translate:translate_symaction0he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high
16HEB13ir7xfigs-metonymy0the Majesty on high
17HEB14mn1p0General Information:
18HEB14x4bh0He has become

The Son has become

19HEB14fzg3figs-metonymy0as the name he has inherited is more excellent than their name
20HEB14qt7qfigs-metaphor0he has inherited
21HEB15ww5hfigs-rquestion0
22HEB15t48efigs-parallelism0You are my son ... I have become your father

These two phrases mean essentially the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

23HEB16b6dy0General Information:
24HEB16b4s2figs-metaphor0the firstborn
25HEB16n7ph0he says

God says

26HEB17isd8figs-metaphor0He is the one who makes his angels spirits, and his servants flames of fire
27HEB18vl1n0General Information:

This scriptual quotation comes from the Psalms.

28HEB18p1xx0But to the Son he says

But God says this to the Son

29HEB18b155guidelines-sonofgodprinciples0Son

This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

30HEB18ewm4figs-metonymy0Your throne, God, is forever and ever
31HEB18k4cffigs-metonymy0The scepter of your kingdom is the scepter of justice
32HEB19t9ywfigs-metaphor0has anointed you with the oil of joy more than your companions
33HEB110nsd40General Information:

This quotation comes from another Psalm.

34HEB110zp5r0Connecting Statement:

The author continues explaining that Jesus is superior to the angels.

35HEB110tmu50In the beginning

Before anything existed

36HEB110j64kfigs-metaphor0you laid the earth's foundation
37HEB110r19vfigs-metonymy0The heavens are the work of your hands
38HEB111a6le0They will perish
39HEB111qy4efigs-simile0wear out like a piece of clothing

The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were a piece of clothing that will get old and eventually become useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

40HEB112n4hlfigs-simile0roll them up like a cloak

The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were a robe or another kind of outer garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

41HEB112iv4rfigs-simile0they will be changed like a piece of clothing

The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were clothing that could be exchanged for other clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

42HEB112i761figs-activepassive0they will be changed
43HEB112v5mffigs-metaphor0your years do not end
44HEB113pqs90General Information:

This quotation comes from another Psalm.

45HEB113kz68figs-rquestion0
46HEB113s6k7translate-symaction0Sit at my right hand
47HEB113ulp5figs-metaphor0until I make your enemies a stool for your feet

Christ's enemies are spoken of as if they will become an object on which a king rests his feet. This image represents defeat and dishonor for his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

48HEB114fk5vfigs-rquestion0Are not all angels spirits ... inherit salvation?
49HEB114v541figs-metaphor0for those who will inherit salvation
50HEB2intros2gd0
51HEB21x7px0Connecting Statement:

This is the first of five urgent warnings the author gives.

52HEB21c72ffigs-inclusive0we must
53HEB21ayd1figs-metaphor0so that we do not drift away from it
54HEB22j4fafigs-explicit0For if the message that was spoken through the angels
55HEB22k5kb0For if the message
56HEB22u52ifigs-metonymy0every trespass and disobedience receives just punishment
57HEB22y2y7figs-doublet0trespass and disobedience

These two words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

58HEB23fv4qfigs-rquestion0how then can we escape if we ignore so great a salvation?
59HEB23i2zv0ignore
60HEB23gm6vfigs-activepassive0This is salvation that was first announced by the Lord and confirmed to us by those who heard it
61HEB24m2p80according to his will

in just the way he wanted to do it

62HEB25jh560General Information:

The quotation here is from the book of Psalms in the Old Testament. It continues on through the next section.

63HEB25v7qf0Connecting Statement:

The writer reminds these Hebrew believers that the earth will one day be under the rule of the Lord Jesus.

64HEB25i3bh0For it was not to the angels that God subjected

For God did not make the angels rulers over

65HEB25rqr9figs-metonymy0the world to come
66HEB26df5afigs-rquestion0What is man, that you are mindful of him?
67HEB26wkd9figs-idiom0Or a son of man, that you care for him?
68HEB26e47vfigs-ellipsis0Or a son of man
69HEB27ka5afigs-metaphor0a little lower than the angels
70HEB27tjn6figs-genericnoun0made man ... crowned him
71HEB27s85xfigs-metaphor0you crowned him with glory and honor
72HEB28ac9ffigs-genericnoun0his feet ... to him
73HEB28k5j2figs-metaphor0You put everything in subjection under his feet
74HEB28rf44figs-doublenegatives0He did not leave anything not subjected to him
75HEB28xy7c0we do not yet see everything subjected to him

we know that humans are not in control of everything yet

76HEB29ijd10Connecting Statement:

The writer reminds these Hebrew believers that Christ became lower than the angels when he came to earth to suffer death for forgiveness of sins, and that he became a merciful high priest to believers.

77HEB29gi120we see him

we know there is one

78HEB29ma4jfigs-activepassive0who was made
79HEB29i4fc0lower than the angels ... crowned with glory and honor

See how you translated these words in Hebrews 2:7.

80HEB29bil4figs-metaphor0he might taste death
81HEB210r899figs-metaphor0bring many sons to glory
82HEB210l95yfigs-gendernotations0many sons
83HEB210sw9tfigs-metaphor0the leader of their salvation
84HEB210l321figs-metaphor0complete

Becoming mature and completely trained is spoken of as if a person were made complete, perhaps complete in all his body parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

85HEB211jy9p0General Information:

This prophetic quotation comes from a Psalm of King David.

86HEB211ky9v0the one who sanctifies
87HEB211jzw3figs-activepassive0those who are sanctified
88HEB211bj7ifigs-explicit0have one source
89HEB211ul230he is not ashamed

Jesus is not ashamed

90HEB211k1q5figs-doublenegatives0is not ashamed to call them brothers
91HEB211a8h9figs-gendernotations0brothers

Here this refers to all who have believed in Jesus, including both men and women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])

92HEB212e88pfigs-metonymy0I will proclaim your name to my brothers
93HEB212tn8n0from inside the assembly

when believers come together to worship God

94HEB213dx1q0General Information:

The prophet Isaiah wrote these quotations.

95HEB213s1fp0And again,

And a prophet wrote in another scripture passage what Christ said about God:

96HEB213xap9figs-metaphor0the children
97HEB214qj3dfigs-metaphor0the children
98HEB214ndv2figs-idiom0share in flesh and blood
99HEB214fy7a0he likewise shared in the same
100HEB214p878figs-abstractnouns0through death
101HEB214ij54figs-abstractnouns0has the power of death
102HEB215w3crfigs-metaphor0This was so that he would free all those who through fear of death lived all their lives in slavery
103HEB216d4ccfigs-metaphor0the seed of Abraham
104HEB217agw20it was necessary for him

it was necessary for Jesus

105HEB217v3pw0like his brothers
106HEB217u6ch0he would bring about the pardon of the people's sins
107HEB218xde4figs-activepassive0was tempted
108HEB218a3a6figs-activepassive0who are tempted
109HEB3intromu260
110HEB31m1cv0Connecting Statement:

This second warning is longer and more detailed and includes chapters 3 and 4. The writer begins by showing that Christ is better than his servant Moses.

111HEB31tp7efigs-metaphor0holy brothers
112HEB31af15figs-metonymy0you share in a heavenly calling
113HEB31zma30the apostle and high priest
114HEB31mnd4figs-abstractnouns0of our confession
115HEB32eqp7figs-metaphor0in God's house
116HEB33py5nfigs-activepassive0Jesus has been considered
117HEB34f8n8figs-metaphor0the one who built everything

God's acts of creating the world are spoken of as if he had built a house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

118HEB34wvw1figs-activepassive0every house is built by someone
119HEB35d57qfigs-metaphor0in God's entire house

The Hebrew people to whom God revealed himself are spoken of as if they were a literal house. See how you translated this in Hebrews 3:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

120HEB35m4xrfigs-metonymy0bearing witness about the things
121HEB35gt8cfigs-activepassive0were to be spoken of in the future
122HEB36dgt5guidelines-sonofgodprinciples0Son

This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

123HEB36djm7figs-metaphor0in charge of God's house
124HEB36ly4xfigs-metaphor0We are his house
125HEB36kp9yfigs-abstractnouns0if we hold fast to our courage and the hope of which we boast
126HEB37c4sl0General Information:

This quotation comes from the Old Testament in the book of Psalms.

127HEB37z2uk0Connecting Statement:

The warning here is a reminder that the Israelites' unbelief kept almost all of them from entering into the land that God had promised them.

128HEB37u66qfigs-metonymy0if you hear his voice
129HEB38gl2kfigs-metonymy0do not harden your hearts
130HEB38lik3figs-abstractnouns0as in the rebellion, in the time of testing in the wilderness
131HEB39e6n70General Information:

This quotation is from the Psalms.

132HEB39i3wbfigs-you0your ancestors
133HEB39q7c20by testing me
134HEB39we42translate-numbers0forty years
135HEB310upb80I was displeased
136HEB310kh4vfigs-metaphor0They have always gone astray in their hearts
137HEB310l5t7figs-metaphor0They have not known my ways
138HEB311tz3lfigs-metaphor0They will never enter my rest
139HEB312gv84figs-metaphor0brothers
140HEB312lma5figs-metonymy0there will not be anyone with an evil heart of unbelief, a heart that turns away from the living God
141HEB312kjm70the living God

the true God who is really alive

142HEB313d3k20
143HEB313m1e7figs-activepassive0no one among you will be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin
144HEB313b198figs-abstractnouns0no one among you will be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin
145HEB314znu50General Information:

This continues the quotation from the same psalm that was also quoted in Hebrews 3:7.

146HEB314f52jfigs-inclusive0For we have become
147HEB314e7530if we firmly hold to our confidence in him

if we continue to confidently trust in him

148HEB314j3aq0from the beginning

from when we first begin to believe in him

149HEB314l9enfigs-euphemism0to the end
150HEB315bym1figs-activepassive0it has been said
151HEB315wa11figs-metonymy0if you hear his voice
152HEB315j8dhfigs-abstractnouns0as in the rebellion
153HEB316b4jyfigs-inclusive0General Information:
154HEB316pwl2figs-rquestion0Who was it who heard God and rebelled? Was it not all those who came out of Egypt through Moses?
155HEB317swy4figs-rquestion0With whom was he angry for forty years? Was it not with those who sinned, whose dead bodies fell in the wilderness?
156HEB317aha2translate-numbers0forty years
157HEB318l1gcfigs-rquestion0To whom did he swear that they would not enter his rest, if it was not to those who disobeyed him?
158HEB318q16ufigs-metaphor0they would not enter his rest
159HEB319x18zfigs-abstractnouns0because of unbelief
160HEB4introu72n0
161HEB41n98m0Connecting Statement:

Chapter 4 continues the warning to believers starting in Hebrews 3:7. God, through the writer, gives believers a rest of which God's rest in the creation of the world is a picture.

162HEB41ay250Therefore
163HEB41zta2figs-metaphor0none of you might seem to have failed to reach the promise left behind for you to enter God's rest
164HEB41ev85figs-metaphor0to enter God's rest
165HEB42m74hfigs-activepassive0For we were told the good news just as they were
166HEB42znk90as they were
167HEB42zza4figs-doublenegatives0But that message did not benefit those who did not unite in faith with those who obeyed
168HEB43v4q40General Information:
169HEB43u5yh0we who have believed

we who believe

170HEB43w6t4figs-metaphor0we who have believed enter that rest
171HEB43x2kq0just as he said

just as God said

172HEB43qfs80As I swore in my wrath

As I swore when I was very angry

173HEB43k1ldfigs-metaphor0They will never enter my rest
174HEB43x8zvfigs-activepassive0his works were finished
175HEB43vym3figs-metaphor0from the foundation of the world
176HEB44hbm5translate-ordinal0the seventh day
177HEB46zq16figs-activepassive0it still remains that some will enter his rest
178HEB47y2tm0General Information:

Here we find out that this quotation from the Psalms was written by David (Hebrews 3:7-8).

179HEB47bp6ufigs-metaphor0if you hear his voice
180HEB47lsp6figs-metonymy0do not harden your hearts
181HEB48r56z0Connecting Statement:

Here the writer warns believers not to disobey but to enter into the rest God offers. He reminds them that God's word will convict them and that they can come in prayer with the confidence that God will help them.

182HEB48mdq9figs-metaphor0if Joshua had given them rest
183HEB49vhx9figs-activepassive0there is still a Sabbath rest reserved for God's people
184HEB49qe6xfigs-metaphor0a Sabbath rest
185HEB410ej9yfigs-metaphor0he who enters into God's rest
186HEB411bmg5figs-metaphor0let us be eager to enter that rest
187HEB411rtj7figs-metaphor0will fall into the kind of disobedience that they did
188HEB411l39t0that they did
189HEB412h5d20the word of God is living
190HEB412j9qyfigs-personification0living and active

This speaks about God's word as if it were alive. It means when God speaks, it is powerful and effective. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

191HEB412g4tcfigs-metaphor0sharper than any two-edged sword

A two-edged sword can easily cut through a person's flesh. God's word is very effective in showing what is in a person's heart and thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

192HEB412lv6y0two-edged sword

a sword with a blade that is sharp on both edges

193HEB412e7kvfigs-metaphor0It pierces even to the dividing of soul and spirit, of joints and marrow

This continues speaking about God's word as if it were a sword. Here the sword is so sharp that it can cut through and divide parts of the human that are very difficult or even impossible to divide. This means that there is nothing inside us that we can hide from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

194HEB412m6f20soul and spirit
195HEB412sc3m0joints and marrow
196HEB412n6n5figs-personification0is able to discern
197HEB412xdu4figs-metonymy0the thoughts and intentions of the heart
198HEB413nx6nfigs-activepassive0Nothing created is hidden before God
199HEB413f3h1figs-metaphor0everything is bare and open
200HEB413yk64figs-doublet0bare and open

These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that nothing is hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

201HEB413i9hhfigs-metaphor0to the eyes of the one to whom we must give account
202HEB414a51p0who has passed through the heavens

who has entered where God is

203HEB414ph6zguidelines-sonofgodprinciples0Son of God

This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

204HEB414vt4vfigs-metaphor0let us firmly hold to our beliefs
205HEB415i2fwfigs-doublenegatives0we do not have a high priest who cannot feel sympathy ... Instead, we have
206HEB415d26hfigs-activepassive0who has in all ways been tempted as we are
207HEB415fve30he is without sin

he did not sin

208HEB416aj1pfigs-metonymy0to the throne of grace
209HEB416py6dfigs-metaphor0we may receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need
210HEB5introb67j0

Hebrews 05 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter is a continuation of the teaching of the previous chapter.

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 5:5-6.

Special concepts in this chapter

High priest

Only a high priest could offer sacrifices so that God could forgive sins, so Jesus had to be a high priest. The law of Moses commanded that the high priest be from the tribe of Levi, but Jesus was from the tribe of Judah. God made him a priest like the priest Melchizedek, who lived at the time of Abraham, before there was a tribe of Levi.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Milk and solid food

The writer speaks of Christians who are only able to understand simple things about Jesus as if they were babies, who drink only milk and cannot eat solid food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

211HEB51dn180Connecting Statement:

The writer describes the sinfulness of the Old Testament priests, then he shows that Christ has a better kind of priesthood, not based on Aaron's priesthood but on the priesthood of Melchizedek.

212HEB51whq1figs-activepassive0chosen from among people
213HEB51ndz7figs-activepassive0is appointed
214HEB51mzd90to act on the behalf of people

to represent the people

215HEB52gt9jfigs-activepassive0those ... who have been deceived
216HEB52f7810who have been deceived

who believe false things and so behave badly

217HEB52ny8ufigs-metaphor0is subject to weakness
218HEB52ihs90weakness

the desire to sin

219HEB53q5xifigs-activepassive0he also is required
220HEB54c45n0General Information:

This quotation is from the Psalms in the Old Testament.

221HEB54c336figs-metaphor0takes this honor

Honor is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could grasp in his hands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

222HEB54n2e1figs-metonymy0takes this honor
223HEB54p6hcfigs-activepassive0he is called by God, just as Aaron was
224HEB55pr3f0the one speaking to him said

God said to him

225HEB55i694figs-parallelism0You are my Son; today I have become your Father

These two phrases mean essentially the same thing. See how you translated this in Hebrews 1:5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

226HEB55mfa8guidelines-sonofgodprinciples0Son ... Father

These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

227HEB56bce60General Information:

This prophecy is from a Psalm of David.

228HEB56ds6vfigs-ellipsis0he also says
229HEB56k5uw0in another place

in another place in the scriptures

230HEB56ede50after the manner of Melchizedek
231HEB57mv2cfigs-metonymy0During the days of his flesh
232HEB57iel9figs-doublet0prayers and requests

Both of these words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

233HEB57p6zm0the one able to save him from death
234HEB57e75afigs-activepassive0he was heard
235HEB58mk8zguidelines-sonofgodprinciples0a son

This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

236HEB59z2bv0Connecting Statement:

In verse 11 the writer begins his third warning. He warns these believers that they are still not mature and encourages them to learn God's word so they can understand right from wrong.

237HEB59i29cfigs-activepassive0He was made perfect
238HEB59n5qt0made perfect

Here this means being made mature, able to honor God in all aspects of life.

239HEB59p9ugfigs-abstractnouns0became, for everyone who obeys him, the cause of eternal salvation
240HEB510b9sufigs-activepassive0He was designated by God
241HEB510hd470after the manner of Melchizedek
242HEB511cm78figs-pronouns0We have much to say
243HEB511r2u2figs-metaphor0you have become dull in hearing
244HEB512lw1a0basic principles
245HEB512wy2hfigs-metaphor0You need milk
246HEB512yk1qfigs-metaphor0milk, not solid food
247HEB513nhx3figs-metonymy0takes milk
248HEB513vl7kfigs-metaphor0because he is still a little child

Spiritual maturity is compared with the kind of food that a growing child eats. Solid food is not for a tiny baby, and that is a figure describing a young Christian who only learns simple truths; but later, more solid food is given to the little child, just as when a person matures he can learn about matters that are more difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

249HEB514e3yhfigs-metonymy0who because of their maturity have their understanding trained for distinguishing good from evil
250HEB6intronz5i0

Hebrews 06 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Abrahamic Covenant

In the covenant that God made with Abraham, God promised to make Abraham's descendants into a great nation. He also promised to protect Abraham's descendants and to give them land of their own. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])

251HEB61f1nk0Connecting Statement:

The writer continues with what immature Hebrew believers need to do to become mature Christians. He reminds them of the foundational teachings.

252HEB61i4xrfigs-metaphor0let us leave the beginning of the message of Christ and move forward to maturity
253HEB61thw8figs-metaphor0Let us not lay again the foundation ... of faith in God
254HEB61d5q3figs-metaphor0dead works

Sinful deeds are spoken of as if they belonged to the world of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

255HEB62s1cvfigs-metaphor0nor the foundation of teaching ... eternal judgment
256HEB62xww50laying on of hands

This practice was done to set someone apart for special service or position.

257HEB64e7pxfigs-metaphor0those who were once enlightened
258HEB64l5mcfigs-metaphor0who tasted the heavenly gift
259HEB64d2lpfigs-metaphor0who were sharers of the Holy Spirit
260HEB65vp46figs-metaphor0who tasted God's good word
261HEB65tw1ufigs-metonymy0the powers of the age to come
262HEB66l8nx0it is impossible to restore them again to repentance

it is impossible to bring them back to repent again

263HEB66dj3gfigs-metaphor0they crucify the Son of God for themselves again
264HEB66y47bguidelines-sonofgodprinciples0Son of God

This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

265HEB67p4tffigs-personification0the land that drinks in the rain
266HEB67r32nfigs-personification0that gives birth to the plants
267HEB67da68figs-personification0the land that receives a blessing from God

Rain and crops are seen as proof that God has helped the farmland. The farmland is spoken of as if it were a person who could receive God's blessing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

268HEB67qq1x0a blessing from God
269HEB68pp48figs-metaphor0is near to a curse
270HEB68a2bk0Its end is in burning

The farmer will burn everything in the field.

271HEB69sb4afigs-pronouns0we are convinced
272HEB69jt3k0about better things concerning you
273HEB69npu2figs-abstractnouns0things that concern salvation
274HEB610t2hbfigs-doublenegatives0For God is not so unjust that he would forget
275HEB610r9xxfigs-metonymy0for his name
276HEB611j7f5figs-pronouns0We greatly desire
277HEB611k4si0diligence

careful, hard work

278HEB611xfy1figs-explicit0to the end
279HEB611i2yc0in order to make your hope certain

in order to have complete certainty that you will receive what God has promised you

280HEB612yrh20imitators
281HEB612q8ryfigs-metaphor0inherit the promises
282HEB614ymh20He said

God said

283HEB614n47afigs-metonymy0I will greatly increase you
284HEB615x5zsfigs-activepassive0what was promised
285HEB617rpv9figs-metaphor0to the heirs of the promise
286HEB617ug6j0the unchangeable quality of his purpose
287HEB618gjw3figs-metaphor0we, who have fled for refuge
288HEB618gk6nfigs-metaphor0will have a strong encouragement to hold firmly to the hope set before us
289HEB618hs84figs-activepassive0set before us
290HEB619w66k0Connecting Statement:

Having finished his third warning and encouragement to the believers, the writer of Hebrews continues his comparison of Jesus as priest to Melchizedek as priest.

291HEB619ng9ifigs-metaphor0as a secure and reliable anchor for the soul
292HEB619vdt3figs-doublet0a secure and reliable anchor
293HEB619d223figs-personification0hope that enters into the inner place behind the curtain

Confidence is spoken of as if it were a person who could go into the most holy place of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

294HEB619aj2mfigs-metaphor0the inner place

This was the most holy place in the temple. It was thought to be the place where God was most intensely present among his people. In this passage, this place stands for heaven and God's throne room. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

295HEB620zgj60after the order of Melchizedek
296HEB7introy8j30

Hebrews 07 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 7:17, 21, which are words from the Old Testament.

Special concepts in this chapter

High priest

Only a high priest could offer sacrifices so that God could forgive sins, so Jesus had to be a high priest. The law of Moses commanded that the high priest be from the tribe of Levi, but Jesus was from the tribe of Judah. God made him a priest like the priest Melchizedek, who lived at the time of Abraham, before there was a tribe of Levi.

297HEB71mwy80Connecting Statement:

The writer of Hebrews continues his comparison of Jesus as priest to Melchizedek as priest.

298HEB71rfc9translate-names0Salem

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

299HEB71rx36figs-explicit0Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings

This is refers to when Abraham and his men went and defeated the armies of four kings in order to rescue his nephew, Lot, and his family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

300HEB72q87x0It was to him

It was to Melchizedek

301HEB72abh40king of righteousness ... king of peace

righteous king ... peaceful king

302HEB73q4eh0He is without father, without mother, without ancestors, with neither beginning of days nor end of life

It is possible to think from this passage that Melchizedek was neither born nor did he die. However, it is likely that all the writer means is that the Scriptures provide no information about Melchizedek's ancestry, birth, or death.

303HEB74h2bg0Connecting Statement:

The writer states that the priesthood of Melchizedek is better than Aaron's priesthood and then reminds them that the priesthood of Aaron did not make anything perfect.

304HEB74w2gg0this man was

Melchizedek was

305HEB75l9zqfigs-distinguish0The sons of Levi who receive the priesthood
306HEB75hn3k0from the people

from the people of Israel

307HEB75ri2y0from their brothers
308HEB75x4zafigs-metaphor0they, too, have come from Abraham's body
309HEB76r2rs0whose descent was not traced from them

who was not a descendant of Levi

310HEB76d2hqfigs-metaphor0the one who had the promises
311HEB77k6pcfigs-activepassive0the lesser person is blessed by the greater person
312HEB78sf790In this case ... in that case

These phrases are used to compare the Levite priests with Melchizedek. Your language may have a way to emphasize that the author is making a comparison.

313HEB78c9zzfigs-metaphor0is testified that he lives on
314HEB79v1yufigs-metaphor0Levi, who received tithes, also paid tithes through Abraham

Since Levi had not been born yet, the author speaks of him as still being in Abraham's body. In this way, the author argues that Levi paid tithes to Melchizedek through Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

315HEB710g26sfigs-metaphor0Levi was in the body of his ancestor

Since Levi had not been born yet, the author speaks of him as still being in Abraham's body. In this way, the author argues that Levi paid tithes to Melchizedek through Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

316HEB711kdb80Now
317HEB711wgp5figs-rquestion0what further need would there have been for another priest to arise after the manner of Melchizedek, and not be considered to be after the manner of Aaron?
318HEB711hi4e0to arise
319HEB711cc5f0after the manner of Melchizedek
320HEB711kt3afigs-activepassive0not be considered to be after the manner of Aaron
321HEB712c7f1figs-activepassive0For when the priesthood is changed, the law must also be changed
322HEB713k9zi0For the one

This refers to Jesus.

323HEB713m9mmfigs-activepassive0about whom these things are said
324HEB714t3dm0Now
325HEB714qsk50it is from Judah that our Lord was born
326HEB714ln940from Judah

from the tribe of Judah

327HEB715i17g0General Information:

This quote comes from a psalm of King David.

328HEB715jn1pfigs-inclusive0What we say is clearer yet
329HEB715md9i0if another priest arises

if another priest comes

330HEB715z1yl0in the likeness of Melchizedek
331HEB716fr4a0It was not based on the law

His becoming priest was not based on the law

332HEB716erq7figs-metonymy0the law of fleshly descent
333HEB717xmj8figs-personification0For scripture witnesses about him
334HEB717g6zd0according to the order of Melchizedek
335HEB718d6vnfigs-metaphor0the former regulation is set aside
336HEB719ia8jfigs-personification0the law made nothing perfect
337HEB719stc2figs-activepassive0a better hope is introduced
338HEB719c9tzfigs-metaphor0through which we come near to God
339HEB720f3cd0General Information:

This quote comes from the same psalm of David as Hebrews 7:17).

340HEB720vf69figs-explicit0And it was not without an oath!
341HEB722h4620Connecting Statement:

The writer then assures these Jewish believers that Christ has the better priesthood because he lives forever and the priests that descended from Aaron all died.

342HEB722e23d0has given the guarantee of a better covenant

has told us that we can be sure that there will be a better covenant

343HEB724u941figs-abstractnouns0he has a permanent priesthood
344HEB725a4ggfigs-explicit0Therefore he
345HEB725b1820those who approach God through him

those who come to God because of what Jesus has done

346HEB726cmq1figs-metaphor0has become higher than the heavens
347HEB727b6nv0General Information:
348HEB728n693figs-metonymy0the law appoints as high priests men who have weaknesses
349HEB728u5ny0men who have weaknesses
350HEB728yez2figs-metonymy0the word of the oath, which came after the law, appointed a Son
351HEB728msa4guidelines-sonofgodprinciples0Son

This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

352HEB728fkl3figs-activepassive0who has been made perfect
353HEB8introks940

Hebrews 08 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The author finishes describing how and why Jesus is the most important high priest. Then he begins to speak about how the new covenant is better to the covenant God made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:8-12, which are words from the Old Testament.

Special concepts in this chapter

New covenant

The author tells how Jesus has established a new covenant that is better than the covenant that God established with the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])

354HEB81nb8q0Connecting Statement:

The writer, having shown that Christ's priesthood is better than the earthly priesthood, shows that the earthly priesthood was a pattern of heavenly things. Christ has a superior ministry, a superior covenant.

355HEB81tw7l0Now
356HEB81z4dhfigs-exclusive0we are saying
357HEB81m2b4figs-inclusive0We have a high priest
358HEB81b8qytranslate-symaction0sat down at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty
359HEB82lrb70the true tabernacle that the Lord, not a man, set up
360HEB83su9jfigs-activepassive0For every high priest is appointed
361HEB84p2v60Now
362HEB84gfz10according to the law

as God requires in the law

363HEB85t3i8figs-metaphor0They serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things
364HEB85k5r1figs-activepassive0It is just as Moses was warned by God when he was
365HEB85qb7gfigs-explicit0was about to construct the tabernacle
366HEB85jk6i0See that

Make sure that

367HEB85wf1p0to the pattern

to the design

368HEB85s9xefigs-activepassive0that was shown to you
369HEB85j3tzfigs-explicit0on the mountain
370HEB86qdj60Connecting Statement:

This section begins to show that the new covenant is better than the old covenant with Israel and Judah.

371HEB86rt2a0Christ has received

God has given Christ

372HEB86spy10mediator of a better covenant

This means Christ caused a better covenant between God and humans to exist.

373HEB86aw58figs-activepassive0covenant, which is based on better promises
374HEB87wb9dtranslate-ordinal0first covenant ... second covenant
375HEB87gig60had been faultless

had been perfect

376HEB88ya4n0General Information:

In this quotation the prophet Jeremiah foretold of a new covenant that God would make.

377HEB88sqb40with the people

with the people of Israel

378HEB88xhp80See
379HEB88c6zmfigs-metaphor0the house of Israel and with the house of Judah
380HEB89dde5figs-metaphor0I took them by their hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt
381HEB810fh1c0General Information:

This is a quotation from the prophet Jeremiah.

382HEB810k2ewfigs-metaphor0the house of Israel
383HEB810q78u0after those days

after that time

384HEB810gbw3figs-metaphor0I will put my laws into their minds
385HEB810e45gfigs-metonymy0I will also write them on their hearts
386HEB810hs530I will be their God

I will be the God they worship

387HEB810xgm30they will be my people

they will be the people for whom I care

388HEB811lsq60General Information:

This continues the quotation from the prophet Jeremiah.

389HEB811jl1hfigs-quotations0They will not teach each one his neighbor and each one his brother, saying, 'Know the Lord.'
390HEB811wne2figs-doublet0neighbor ... brother

Both of these refer to fellow Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

391HEB811q5kifigs-metonymy0Know the Lord ... will all know me
392HEB812cu1bfigs-metonymy0toward their evil deeds
393HEB812a1xrfigs-metonymy0their sins I will not remember any longer
394HEB9introp8vy0
395HEB91af6x0Connecting Statement:

The writer makes clear to these Jewish believers that the laws and the tabernacle of the old covenant were only pictures of the better, new covenant.

396HEB91av9i0Now

This word marks a new part of the teaching.

397HEB91d3vs0first covenant

See how you translated this in Hebrews 8:7.

398HEB91pw630had regulations
399HEB92e3em0For

The author is continuing the discussion from Hebrews 8:7.

400HEB92f6k7figs-activepassive0a tabernacle was prepared
401HEB92t13a0the lampstand, the table, and the bread of the presence
402HEB92gw3pfigs-abstractnouns0bread of the presence
403HEB93j7w30Behind the second curtain
404HEB93ssr9translate-ordinal0second

This is the ordinal word for number two. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

405HEB94kt3u0Inside it

Inside the ark of the covenant

406HEB94jj9yfigs-explicit0Aaron's rod that budded

This was the rod Aaron had when God proved to the people of Israel that he had chosen Aaron as his priest by making Aaron's rod bud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

407HEB94md1f0that budded

from which leaves and flowers had grown

408HEB94q9w30tablets of the covenant
409HEB95ue5q0glorious cherubim overshadowed the atonement lid
410HEB95fh6gfigs-metonymy0cherubim
411HEB95f1jefigs-pronouns0which we cannot
412HEB96mra7figs-activepassive0After these things were prepared
413HEB97xs9lfigs-doublenegatives0not without blood
414HEB97xtk50blood

This is the blood of the bull and goat that the high priest had to sacrifice on the Day of Atonement.

415HEB98a26f0the most holy place

Possible meanings are 1) the inner room of the tabernacle on earth or 2) God's presence in heaven.

416HEB98e14cfigs-metonymy0the first tabernacle was still standing
417HEB99cu760This was an illustration
418HEB99fl6i0for the present time

for now

419HEB99g16ufigs-activepassive0that are now being offered
420HEB99qsa1figs-metaphor0are not able to perfect the worshiper's conscience
421HEB99c31dfigs-genericnoun0the worshiper's conscience

The writer appears to refer to only one worshiper, but he means all those who came to worship God at the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])

422HEB910hqs80until the time of the new order

until God created the new order

423HEB910kqc10new order

new covenant

424HEB911bnc60Connecting Statement:
425HEB911da2i0good things

This does not refer to material things. It means the good things that God promised in his new covenant.

426HEB911czx60the greater and more perfect tabernacle

This refers to the heavenly tent or tabernacle, which is more important and more perfect than the earthly tabernacle.

427HEB911lxw8figs-activepassive0that was not made by human hands
428HEB911mtj9figs-synecdoche0human hands
429HEB912wp9nfigs-metaphor0most holy place

God's presence in heaven is spoken of as if it were the most holy place, the innermost room in the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

430HEB913ch3c0sprinkling of a heifer's ashes on those who have become unclean

The priest would drop small amounts of the ashes on the unclean people.

431HEB913seb3figs-metonymy0for the cleansing of their flesh
432HEB914t58wfigs-rquestion0how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, cleanse our conscience from dead works to serve the living God?
433HEB914r22pfigs-metonymy0the blood of Christ
434HEB914xj6gfigs-metaphor0blemish

This is a small sin or moral fault spoken of here as if it were a small, unusual spot or defect on Christ's body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

435HEB914rkh4figs-metonymy0cleanse our conscience
436HEB914suu7figs-metaphor0cleanse
437HEB914zbj1figs-metaphor0dead works

Sinful deeds are spoken of as if they belonged to the world of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

438HEB915x3xr0For this reason
439HEB915p2kg0he is the mediator of a new covenant

This means Christ caused the new covenant between God and humans to exist.

440HEB915q3x30first covenant

See how you translated this in Hebrews 8:7.

441HEB915z29afigs-metonymy0to free those under the first covenant from their sins
442HEB915ve3vfigs-activepassive0those who are called
443HEB915xb9ffigs-metaphor0inheritance

Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

444HEB916rng20will

a legal document in which a person states who should receive his possessions when he himself dies

445HEB916um9a0the death of the person who made it must be proven
446HEB918wpf1figs-activepassive0So not even the first covenant was established without blood
447HEB918kq870first covenant

See how you translated this in Hebrews 8:7.

448HEB918v838figs-metonymy0blood
449HEB919zl2ntranslate-symaction0took the blood ... with water ... and sprinkled ... the scroll ... and all the people

The priest dipped the hyssop in the blood and the water and then shook the hyssop so drops of blood and water would fall on the scroll and on the people. Sprinkling was a symbolic action done by the priests by which they applied the benefits of the covenant to people and to objects. Here the scroll and the people's acceptability to God are renewed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

450HEB919tgc20hyssop

a woody shrub with flowers in summer, used in ceremonial sprinkling

451HEB920j7enfigs-metonymy0the blood of the covenant
452HEB921k6dm0he sprinkled

Moses sprinkled

453HEB921l27vtranslate-symaction0sprinkled

Sprinkling was a symbolic action done by the priests by which they applied the benefits of the covenant to people and to objects. See how you translated this in Hebrews 9:19. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

454HEB921xa9q0all the containers used in the service
455HEB921ec4hfigs-activepassive0used in the service
456HEB921cl3vfigs-metonymy0blood
457HEB922g3effigs-metaphor0almost everything is cleansed with blood
458HEB922v8bjfigs-metonymy0Without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness
459HEB922v1trfigs-explicit0forgiveness
460HEB923nh150Connecting Statement:

The writer emphasizes that Christ (now in heaven interceding for us) had to die only once for sins and that he will return to earth a second time.

461HEB923q79nfigs-activepassive0the copies of the things in heaven should be cleansed with these animal sacrifices
462HEB923y9b7figs-activepassive0the heavenly things themselves had to be cleansed with much better sacrifices
463HEB924cy2xfigs-synecdoche0the most holy place made with hands, which
464HEB924g5lp0of the true one

of the true most holy place

465HEB925f17a0He did not go there

He did not enter heaven

466HEB925rnh30year by year
467HEB925zpf30with the blood of another

This means with the blood of an animal victim, not with his own blood.

468HEB926lhi30If that had been the case

If he had had to offer himself often

469HEB926dq7mfigs-metaphor0to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself
470HEB928p8b6figs-activepassive0Christ was offered once
471HEB928hv2tfigs-metaphor0to take away the sins
472HEB928p6thfigs-metonymy0the sins
473HEB10intronev10
474HEB101kwq10Connecting Statement:

The writer shows the weakness of the law and its sacrifices, why God gave the law, and the perfection of the new priesthood and Christ's sacrifice.

475HEB101kj83figs-metaphor0the law is only a shadow of the good things to come

This speaks about the law as if it were a shadow. The author means the law is not the good things that God had promised. It only hints at the good things that God is going to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

476HEB101r6ly0not the real forms of those things themselves

not the real things themselves

477HEB101at4v0year after year

every year

478HEB102aw6gfigs-rquestion0would the sacrifices not have ceased to be offered?
479HEB102zc3d0ceased to be

stopped being

480HEB102mu42figs-metaphor0the worshipers would have been cleansed
481HEB102m9tj0would no longer have any consciousness of sin
482HEB104di8ifigs-metaphor0For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins
483HEB104bvu5figs-metonymy0the blood of bulls and goats
484HEB105q4ye0General Information:

Christ's words when he was on earth were foretold in this quotation from a psalm of David.

485HEB105ml8efigs-you0you did not desire
486HEB105cu510a body you have prepared

you have made a body ready

487HEB107zn6c0Then I said
488HEB108c8eb0General Information:

Though changing the wording slightly, the author repeats these quotations from a psalm of David for emphasis.

489HEB108rlv80sacrifices ... offerings

See how you translated these words in Hebrews 10:5.

490HEB108n7kc0whole burnt offerings ... sacrifices for sin

See how you translated similar words in Hebrews 10:6.

491HEB108d3ekfigs-activepassive0that are offered
492HEB109k5kv0See
493HEB109n29vfigs-abstractnouns0He takes away the first practice in order to establish the second practice
494HEB109ja8ntranslate-ordinal0first practice ... the second practice
495HEB1010xj9ifigs-activepassive0we have been sanctified
496HEB1010xk24figs-abstractnouns0through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ
497HEB1011f4wd0Day after day
498HEB1011jq4ifigs-metaphor0can never take away sins
499HEB1012fy8wtranslate-symaction0he sat down at the right hand of God
500HEB1013s6snfigs-metaphor0until his enemies are made a stool for his feet
501HEB1014dz9nfigs-activepassive0those who are being sanctified
502HEB1015qk8j0General Information:

This is a quotation from the prophet Jeremiah in the Old Testament.

503HEB1016czh30with them

with my people

504HEB1016s7830after those days

when the time of the first covenant with my people has finished

505HEB1016xx53figs-metonymy0I will put my laws in their hearts
506HEB1017vkw40General Information:

This continues the quotation from the prophet Jeremiah in the Old Testament.

507HEB1017qn7wfigs-explicit0
508HEB1017pql9figs-doublet0Their sins and lawless deeds
509HEB1018pje10Now
510HEB1018pjh5figs-abstractnouns0where there is forgiveness for these
511HEB1018z351figs-abstractnouns0there is no longer any sacrifice for sin
512HEB1019ih5u0Connecting Statement:

Having made it clear that there is only one sacrifice for sin, the writer continues with the picture of the most holy place in the temple, where only the high priest could enter each year with the blood of the sacrifice for sins. He reminds the believers that they now worship God in his presence as if they were standing in the most holy place.

513HEB1019f6g3figs-metaphor0brothers
514HEB1019fii7figs-metaphor0the most holy place

This means the presence of God, not the most holy place in the old tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

515HEB1019zl87figs-metonymy0by the blood of Jesus
516HEB1020l7wh0living way

Possible meanings are 1) this new way to God that Jesus has provided results in believers living forever or 2) Jesus is alive, and he is the way believers enter into the presence of God.

517HEB1020c3vefigs-metaphor0through the curtain

The curtain in the earthly temple represents the separation between people and God's true presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

518HEB1020ega9figs-metonymy0by means of his flesh
519HEB1021uh6i0we have a great priest over the house of God
520HEB1021bmh10over the house

in charge of the house

521HEB1021d1u1figs-metaphor0the house of God
522HEB1022l4ikfigs-metonymy0let us approach
523HEB1022wez1figs-metonymy0with true hearts
524HEB1022i7ti0in the full assurance of faith
525HEB1022zkg5figs-activepassive0having our hearts sprinkled clean
526HEB1022w775figs-metonymy0hearts sprinkled clean
527HEB1022pc1atranslate-symaction0sprinkled

Sprinkling was a symbolic action done by the priests by which they applied the benefits of the covenant to people and to objects. See how you translated this in Hebrews 9:19. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

528HEB1022p2skfigs-activepassive0having our bodies washed with pure water
529HEB1022tk9pfigs-metonymy0our bodies washed with pure water
530HEB1023k5uifigs-metaphor0Let us also hold tightly to the confession of our hope
531HEB1023jy4tfigs-metaphor0without wavering
532HEB1025v4fafigs-explicit0Let us not stop meeting together
533HEB1025k9c7figs-metaphor0as you see the day coming closer
534HEB1026gm7l0Connecting Statement:

The writer now gives his fourth warning.

535HEB1026byv60we deliberately go on sinning

we know we are sinning but we do it again and again

536HEB1026hj5sfigs-metaphor0after we have received the knowledge of the truth
537HEB1026b1r7figs-explicit0the truth

The truth about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

538HEB1026l7svfigs-explicit0a sacrifice for sins no longer exists
539HEB1026sil40a sacrifice for sins
540HEB1027fza4figs-explicit0of judgment

Of God's judgment, that is, that God will judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

541HEB1027t6dafigs-metaphor0a fury of fire that will consume God's enemies

God's fury is spoken of as if it were fire that would burn up his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

542HEB1028c1ajfigs-explicit0of two or three witnesses
543HEB1029gv5zfigs-rquestion0How much worse punishment do you think one deserves ... grace?
544HEB1029jd69figs-metaphor0has trampled underfoot the Son of God
545HEB1029d2z9guidelines-sonofgodprinciples0the Son of God

This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

546HEB1029m7lw0who treated the blood of the covenant as unholy
547HEB1029el74figs-metonymy0the blood of the covenant
548HEB1029wj2pfigs-activepassive0the blood by which he was sanctified
549HEB1029qr6c0the Spirit of grace

the Spirit of God, who provides grace

550HEB1030ynr1figs-inclusive0General Information:
551HEB1030v8adfigs-metaphor0Vengeance belongs to me

Vengeance is spoken of as if it were an object that belongs to God, who has the right to do as he wishes with what he owns. God has the right to take vengeance on his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

552HEB1030pdw9figs-metaphor0I will pay back

God taking vengeance is spoken of as if he were paying back the harmful things that someone has done to others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

553HEB1031hhu7figs-metaphor0to fall into the hands
554HEB1032tlh30the former days

the time in the past

555HEB1032p3q3figs-metaphor0after you were enlightened
556HEB1032v25j0how you endured a great struggle in suffering

how much suffering you had to endure

557HEB1033cig1figs-activepassive0You were exposed to public ridicule by insults and persecution
558HEB1033u1gk0you were sharing with those

you joined those

559HEB1034cjr6figs-metaphor0a better and everlasting possession
560HEB1035xh640General Information:

In 10:37 is a quotation from the prophet Isaiah in the Old Testament.

561HEB1035m35cfigs-metaphor0do not throw away your confidence, which has a great reward
562HEB1037st8vfigs-explicit0For in a very little while
563HEB1037cna20in a very little while

very soon

564HEB1038j2ck0General Information:

In 10:38 the author quotes from the prophet Habakkuk, which directly follows the quotation from the prophet Isaiah in 10:37.

565HEB1038j6d1figs-genericnoun0My righteous one ... If he shrinks ... with him
566HEB1038r8mh0My righteous ... I will
567HEB1038h5bw0shrinks back

stops doing the good thing he is doing

568HEB1039i9zhfigs-metaphor0who turn back to destruction
569HEB1039dv8yfigs-metaphor0for keeping our soul
570HEB11introg4cc0

Hebrews 11 General Notes

Structure

The writer begins this chapter by telling what faith is. Then he gives many examples of people who had faith and how they lived.

Important concepts in this chapter

Faith

In both the old and new covenants, God required faith. Some people with faith performed miracles and were very powerful. Other people with faith suffered greatly.

571HEB111a3710Connecting Statement:

The author tells three things about faith in this brief introduction.

572HEB111d95i0Now
573HEB111dne90faith is being sure of the things hoped for
574HEB111hiq20hoped for

Here this refers specifically to the sure promises of God, especially the certainty that all believers in Jesus will live with God forever in heaven.

575HEB111ybd8figs-activepassive0certain of things that are not seen
576HEB112smr40For because of this

Because they were certain about events that had not happened

577HEB112kmq6figs-activepassive0the ancestors were approved for their faith
578HEB112u66cfigs-explicit0the ancestors
579HEB113u5i9figs-activepassive0the universe was created by God's command
580HEB113e7fs0what is visible was not made out of things that were visible
581HEB114w5de0Connecting Statement:

The writer then gives many examples (mostly from Old Testament writings) of people who lived by faith even though they did not receive what God had promised while they lived on the earth.

582HEB114r2m8figs-activepassive0he was attested to be righteous
583HEB114g52jfigs-metaphor0Abel still speaks
584HEB115r3ylfigs-activepassive0It was by faith that Enoch was taken up so that he did not see death
585HEB115ki2tfigs-metaphor0see death
586HEB115kb5lfigs-activepassive0before he was taken up
587HEB115jbx2figs-activepassive0it was testified that he had pleased God
588HEB116hd940Now without faith
589HEB116r9nbfigs-doublenegatives0without faith it is impossible to please him
590HEB116b438figs-metaphor0that anyone coming to God
591HEB116xl5v0he is a rewarder of those

he rewards those

592HEB116i8e9figs-metaphor0those who seek him

Those who learn about God and make an effort to obey him are spoken of as if they were seeking to find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

593HEB117r67bfigs-activepassive0having been given a divine message
594HEB117p3pnfigs-activepassive0about things not yet seen
595HEB117pf7bfigs-metonymy0the world
596HEB117c9ycfigs-metaphor0became an heir of the righteousness
597HEB117et9l0that is according to faith

that God gives to those who have faith in him

598HEB118a7c2figs-activepassive0when he was called
599HEB118kkt50went out to the place

left his home to go to the place

600HEB118d1zffigs-metaphor0that he was to receive as an inheritance
601HEB118sq210He went out

He left his home

602HEB119pmb6figs-abstractnouns0he lived in the land of promise as a foreigner
603HEB119s5fwfigs-metaphor0fellow heirs
604HEB1110f3z8figs-metonymy0the city with foundations
605HEB1110fd980whose architect and builder is God
606HEB1110ufe60architect

a person who designs buildings and cities

607HEB1111ks440General Information:

Many versions interpret this verse as referring to Sarah, and others interpret it as referring to Abraham.

608HEB1111mk6i0It was by faith, even though Sarah herself was barren, that Abraham received ability to father a child. This happened even though he was too old, since he considered
609HEB1111mtf2figs-abstractnouns0It was by faith
610HEB1111dgu60received ability to father a child
611HEB1111wgp60since he considered as faithful the one who had given the promise

because he believed God, who had give the promise, to be faithful

612HEB1112x8b2figs-simile0descendants as many as the stars in the sky and as countless as sand by the seashore

This simile means Abraham had very many descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

613HEB1112mu4e0as countless as sand by the seashore

This means that just as there are so many grains of sand on the seashore that no one can count them all, Abraham had so many descendants that no one can count them all.

614HEB1113yin6figs-metaphor0without receiving the promises
615HEB1113g5utfigs-metaphor0after seeing and greeting them from far off
616HEB1113n71b0they admitted
617HEB1113q1nqfigs-doublet0they were foreigners and exiles on earth
618HEB1114xwa40a homeland

a country for them to belong to

619HEB1116ea1a0heavenly one
620HEB1116cvh1figs-activepassive0God is not ashamed to be called their God
621HEB1117bk7afigs-activepassive0when he was tested
622HEB1118wy2jfigs-activepassive0to whom it had been said
623HEB1118c23zfigs-activepassive0that your descendants will be named
624HEB1119p43u0God was able to raise up Isaac from the dead

God was able to cause Isaac to live again

625HEB1119sar10to raise up ... from the dead
626HEB1119aea30figuratively speaking
627HEB1119k7u30it was from them

it was from the dead

628HEB1119g19x0he received him back

Abraham received Isaac back

629HEB1121sg260Jacob worshiped

Jacob worshiped God

630HEB1122lkp6figs-euphemism0when his end was near
631HEB1122hhs30spoke of the departure of the children of Israel from Egypt

spoke of when the children of Israel would leave Egypt

632HEB1122t6i50the children of Israel
633HEB1122nl1ifigs-explicit0instructed them about his bones

Joseph died while in Egypt. He wanted his people to take his bones with them when they left Egypt so they could bury his bones in the land that God promised them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

634HEB1123g2wxfigs-activepassive0Moses, when he was born, was hidden for three months by his parents
635HEB1124h5wz0had grown up

had become an adult

636HEB1124mq2xfigs-activepassive0refused to be called
637HEB1126i9scfigs-abstractnouns0the disgrace of following Christ
638HEB1126xq6tfigs-metaphor0following Christ

Obeying Christ is spoken of as if it were following him down a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

639HEB1126t588figs-metaphor0fixing his eyes on his reward
640HEB1127rc43figs-simile0he endured as if he were seeing the one who is invisible

Moses is spoken of as if he saw God, who is invisible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

641HEB1127cc8w0the one who is invisible

the one no one can see

642HEB1128tz7k0he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of the blood
643HEB1128bef7figs-explicit0the sprinkling of the blood

This refers to God's command to the Israelites to kill a lamb and spread its blood on the doorposts of every house where Israelites lived. This would prevent the destroyer from harming their firstborn sons. This was one of the Passover commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

644HEB1128bm2ffigs-metonymy0should not touch
645HEB1129z2yj0General Information:
646HEB1129a67h0they passed through the Sea of Reeds

the Israelites passed through the Sea of Reeds

647HEB1129hq2yfigs-activepassive0they were swallowed up
648HEB1129kmy8figs-personification0they were swallowed up
649HEB1130lnw4figs-activepassive0they had been circled around for seven days
650HEB1130dw7vtranslate-numbers0seven days
651HEB1131ftc80had received the spies in peace

had peacefully received the spies

652HEB1132f7ip0Connecting Statement:

The writer continues to speak of what God did for the ancestors of the people of Israel.

653HEB1132rh6yfigs-rquestion0What more can I say?
654HEB1132bs7h0the time will fail me

I will not have enough time

655HEB1132ni55translate-names0Barak

This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

656HEB1133f3jx0It was through faith that they
657HEB1133v5w80they conquered kingdoms
658HEB1133u2sufigs-metaphor0They stopped the mouths of lions
659HEB1134j6svfigs-metaphor0extinguished the power of fire, escaped the edge of the sword
660HEB1134iri4figs-activepassive0were healed of illnesses
661HEB1134sy630became mighty in battle, and defeated

and they became mighty in battle and defeated

662HEB1135t9spfigs-abstractnouns0Women received back their dead by resurrection
663HEB1135ne1ufigs-activepassive0Others were tortured, not accepting release
664HEB1135faq30tortured

made to suffer great mental or physical pain

665HEB1135jyw70a better resurrection

Possible meanings are 1) these people will experience a better life in heaven than what they experienced in this world or 2) these people will have a better resurrection than those who did not have faith. Those with faith will live forever with God. Those without faith will live forever separated from God.

666HEB1136e9alfigs-activepassive0Others had testing in mocking and whippings
667HEB1136nx7ufigs-abstractnouns0Others had testing in mocking and whippings, and even chains and imprisonment
668HEB1137fg8cfigs-activepassive0They were stoned. They were sawn in two. They were killed with the sword
669HEB1137r3gx0went about
670HEB1137qf890in sheepskins and goatskins

wearing only the skins of sheep and goats

671HEB1137x2jf0They were destitute
672HEB1138a721figs-metonymy0The world was not worthy
673HEB1138j9lp0They were always wandering about

This was because they had no place to live.

674HEB1138li8j0caves and holes in the ground

caves, and some lived in holes in the ground

675HEB1139l5wdfigs-activepassive0Although all these people were approved by God because of their faith, they did not receive the promise
676HEB1139vgw2figs-metonymy0the promise
677HEB1140p9uufigs-activepassive0so that without us, they would not be made perfect
678HEB12introh1qb0

Hebrews 12 General Notes

Structure and formatting

After telling of the value discipline, the author begins a series of exhortations. (See; [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exhort]])

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:5-6, which are words from the Old Testament.

Special concepts in this chapter

Discipline

God wants his people to do what is right. When they do what is wrong, he needs to correct or punish them. He does this just as earthly fathers correct and punish children whom they love. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]])

679HEB121jg6wfigs-inclusive0General Information:
680HEB121k8mr0Connecting Statement:

Because of this great number of Old Testament believers, the author talks of the life of faith that believers should live with Jesus as their example.

681HEB121f6u9figs-metaphor0we are surrounded by such a large cloud of witnesses
682HEB121hf970witnesses
683HEB121yw1tfigs-metaphor0let us lay aside every weight and easily entangling sin
684HEB121zln7figs-metaphor0every weight

Attitudes or habits that keep believers from trusting and obeying God are spoken of as if they were loads that would make it difficult for a person to carry while running. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

685HEB121t6wufigs-metaphor0easily entangling sin
686HEB121g5dnfigs-metaphor0Let us patiently run the race that is placed before us
687HEB122a9460the founder and perfecter of the faith
688HEB122za14figs-metaphor0For the joy that was placed before him

The joy that Jesus would experience is spoken of as if God the Father had placed it before him as a goal to reach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

689HEB122y7me0despised its shame

This means he was not concerned about the shame of dying on a cross.

690HEB122vm9btranslate-symaction0sat down at the right hand of the throne of God
691HEB123i1xlfigs-metonymy0weary in your hearts
692HEB124q1w80Connecting Statement:

The author of Hebrews has been comparing the Christian life to a race.

693HEB124b9b7figs-personification0You have not yet resisted or struggled against sin
694HEB124i4ipfigs-metaphor0to the point of blood

Resisting opposition so much that one dies for it is spoken of as if one reached a certain place where he would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

695HEB124uwg6figs-metonymy0of blood
696HEB125y6cvfigs-personification0the encouragement that instructs you
697HEB125e6a9figs-gendernotations0as sons ... My son
698HEB125a7vf0My son ... corrected by him

Here the author is quoting from the book of Proverbs in the Old Testament, which was the words of Solomon to his male children.

699HEB125cxe9figs-litotes0do not think lightly of the Lord's discipline, nor grow weary
700HEB125cjq50nor grow weary

and do not become discouraged

701HEB125i1a6figs-activepassive0you are corrected by him
702HEB126zu3c0every son whom he receives
703HEB127y3z30Endure suffering as discipline

Understand that during suffering God teaches us discipline

704HEB127v1gufigs-simile0God deals with you as with sons
705HEB127i3k4figs-gendernotations0sons ... son
706HEB127jb38figs-rquestion0what son is there whom his father does not discipline?
707HEB128kwc6figs-abstractnouns0But if you are without discipline, which all people share in
708HEB128s5u9figs-metaphor0then you are illegitimate and not his sons

Those whom God does not discipline are spoken of as if they are sons born to a man and a woman who are not married each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

709HEB129r4lbfigs-exclamations0How much more should we submit to the Father of spirits and live!
710HEB129cl95figs-idiom0the Father of spirits
711HEB129pem80and live

so that we will live

712HEB1210l1a3figs-metaphor0so that we can share in his holiness
713HEB1211g13efigs-metaphor0it produces the peaceful fruit of righteousness
714HEB1211xbg8figs-personification0who have been trained by it
715HEB1212cvp9figs-metaphor0strengthen your hands that hang down and your weak knees.

Possibly this continues the metaphor about the race in Hebrews 12:1. It is in this way that the author speaks about living as Christians and helping others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

716HEB1213yi9nfigs-metaphor0Make straight paths for your feet

Possibly this continues the metaphor about the race in Hebrews 12:1. It is in this way that the author speaks about living as Christians and helping others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

717HEB1213qmq7figs-metaphor0straight paths

Living so as to honor and please God is spoken of as if it were a straight path to follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

718HEB1213i19dfigs-metaphor0what is lame will not be sprained
719HEB1213euf9figs-metaphor0will not be sprained
720HEB1213wq18figs-metaphor0rather be healed
721HEB1214b6ef0General Information:

The man Esau, who was told about in the writings of Moses, refers to Isaac's first son and Jacob's brother.

722HEB1214h45rfigs-metaphor0Pursue peace with everyone
723HEB1214pa9afigs-doublenegatives0also the holiness without which no one will see the Lord
724HEB1214v9z7figs-ellipsis0also the holiness
725HEB1215at8j0no one lacks God's grace
726HEB1215nh7gfigs-metaphor0that no root of bitterness grows up to cause trouble, so that many do not become polluted by it
727HEB1217j6x8figs-activepassive0he was rejected
728HEB1217d6hefigs-abstractnouns0because he found no opportunity for repentance
729HEB1217b7k30even though he sought it with tears
730HEB1218y1ed0General Information:
731HEB1218xti40Connecting Statement:

The author gives a contrast between what believers in Moses' time had while living under the law and what present day believers have after coming to Jesus under the new covenant. He illustrates the experience of the Israelites by describing how God appeared to them at Mount Sinai.

732HEB1218a43lfigs-explicit0For you have not come to a mountain that can be touched
733HEB1218w6j6figs-activepassive0that can be touched
734HEB1219s3x20You have not come to a trumpet blast

You have not come to a place where there is the loud sound of a trumpet

735HEB1219x2qkfigs-metonymy0nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to them
736HEB1220p7qufigs-activepassive0what was commanded
737HEB1220x31xfigs-activepassive0it must be stoned
738HEB1222w9jj0General Information:

The man Abel was the son of the first man and woman, Adam and Eve. Cain, also their son, murdered Abel.

739HEB1222r9dzfigs-metaphor0Mount Zion

The writer speaks of Mount Zion, the temple mount in Jerusalem, as if it were heaven itself, the residence of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

740HEB1222k1kv0tens of thousands of angels

an uncountable number of angels

741HEB1223j94efigs-metaphor0the firstborn

This speaks of believers in Christ as if they were firstborn sons. This emphasizes their special place and privilege as God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

742HEB1223km4afigs-activepassive0registered in heaven
743HEB1223i7qbfigs-activepassive0who have been made perfect
744HEB1224kq1v0the mediator of a new covenant

This means Jesus caused the new covenant between God and humans to exist. See how you translated this phrase in Hebrews 9:15.

745HEB1224nz8lfigs-personification0the sprinkled blood that speaks better than Abel's blood
746HEB1224z7uqfigs-metonymy0blood
747HEB1225pnn5figs-you0General Information:
748HEB1225c9cn0Connecting Statement:

Having contrasted the Israelites' experience at Mount Sinai with the believers' experience after Christ died, the writer reminds believers that they have the same God who warns them today. This is the fifth main warning given to believers.

749HEB1225nnk9figs-doublenegatives0you do not refuse the one who is speaking
750HEB1225gkn1figs-explicit0if they did not escape
751HEB1225fy9u0the one who warned them on earth
752HEB1225s5ljfigs-metaphor0if we turn away from the one who is warning
753HEB1226rf4e0his voice shook the earth

when God spoke, the sound of his voice caused the earth to shake

754HEB1226i1c80shook ... shake

Use the word for what an earthquake does in moving the ground. This refers back to Hebrews 12:18-21 and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God.

755HEB1227ylq90General Information:

Here the quotation from the prophet Haggai is repeated from the previous verse.

756HEB1227z6ysfigs-abstractnouns0mean the removal of those things that can be shaken, that is, of the things
757HEB1227l29r0shaken
758HEB1227s3xtfigs-activepassive0that have been created
759HEB1227ta84figs-activepassive0the things that cannot be shaken
760HEB1227zr9xfigs-activepassive0that cannot be shaken
761HEB1228m44cwriting-connectingwords0receiving a kingdom
762HEB1228btf60let us be grateful

let us give thanks

763HEB1228f382figs-doublet0with reverence and awe
764HEB1229f899figs-metaphor0our God is a consuming fire

God is spoken of here as if he were a fire that can burn up anything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

765HEB13introc8gg0

Hebrews 13 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The author finishes the list of exhortations he began in chapter 12. Then he asks the readers to pray for him and ends the letter.

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 13:6, which are words from the Old Testament.

Special concepts in this chapter

Hospitality

God wants his people to invite other people to come to their homes to eat food and even to sleep. His people should do this even if they do not know well the people they are inviting. In the Old Testament, Abraham and his nephew Lot both showed hospitality to people they did not know. Abraham served a costly meal to them, and then Lot invited them to sleep in his house. They learned later that those people were actually angels.

766HEB131sf1n0Connecting Statement:

In this closing section, the author gives specific instructions to believers on how they are supposed to live.

767HEB131g8190Let brotherly love continue

Continue to show your love for other believers as you would for a member of your family

768HEB132rh7rfigs-litotes0Do not forget
769HEB132y7cd0hospitality for strangers

to welcome and show kindness to strangers

770HEB133mx5rfigs-activepassive0as if you were bound with them
771HEB133d3zefigs-activepassive0who are mistreated
772HEB133g4apfigs-activepassive0as if you also were them in the body
773HEB134ix27figs-activepassive0Let marriage be respected by everyone
774HEB134ix79figs-euphemism0Let the marriage bed be pure
775HEB135sz350Let your conduct be free from the love of money
776HEB135n19c0Be content

Be satisfied

777HEB136c8w6figs-explicit0The Lord is my helper ... do to me

This is a quotation from the book of Psalms in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

778HEB136q8iefigs-rquestion0I will not be afraid. What can a man do to me?
779HEB137e6b50God's word

what God has said

780HEB137ym9m0the result of their conduct

the outcome of the way they behave

781HEB137tvu6figs-metonymy0Imitate their faith
782HEB138dv5gfigs-metonymy0is the same yesterday, today, and forever
783HEB139y92c0General Information:

This section refers to animal sacrifices made by believers in God in Old Testament times, which covered their sins temporarily until the death of Christ came about.

784HEB139dp5wfigs-metaphor0Do not be carried away by various strange teachings
785HEB139fe6i0various strange teachings

many, different teachings that are not the good news we told you

786HEB139tmt1figs-metaphor0it is good that the heart should be strengthened by grace, not by foods that do not help those who walk by them
787HEB139t28ufigs-metonymy0the heart should be strengthened
788HEB139ar93figs-metonymy0foods
789HEB139kf3bfigs-metaphor0those who walk by them
790HEB1310jjy3figs-metonymy0We have an altar
791HEB1311luf7figs-activepassive0the blood of the animals killed for sins is brought by the high priest into the holy place
792HEB1311iv19figs-activepassive0while their bodies are burned
793HEB1311f7nb0outside the camp

away from where the people lived

794HEB1312x48h0Connecting Statement:

There is a comparison here between Jesus' sacrifice and the tabernacle sacrifices of the Old Testament.

795HEB1312fw9g0So
796HEB1312eq6tfigs-metonymy0outside the city gate
797HEB1313zf8vfigs-metaphor0Let us therefore go to him outside the camp

Obeying Jesus is spoken of as if a person were leaving the camp to go out where Jesus is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

798HEB1313h3j4figs-metaphor0bearing his shame
799HEB1314u2wn0looking for

waiting for

800HEB1315zfy9figs-metaphor0sacrifices of praise

Praise is spoken of as if it were a sacrifice of animals or incense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

801HEB1315b4p1figs-metaphor0praise that is the fruit of lips that acknowledge his name
802HEB1315zr2dfigs-synecdoche0lips that acknowledge his name
803HEB1315v52xfigs-metonymy0his name
804HEB1316ma8cfigs-litotes0Let us not forget doing good and helping one another
805HEB1316kp76figs-metaphor0with such sacrifices

Doing good and helping others is spoken of as if they were sacrifices on an altar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

806HEB1317n5e8figs-metaphor0keep watch over your souls

The believers' souls, that is, the believers' spiritual well-being, are spoken of as if they were objects or animals that guards could keep watch over. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

807HEB1317z2ypfigs-metonymy0not with groaning
808HEB1318d5hf0Connecting Statement:

The author closes with a blessing and greetings.

809HEB1318xmh1figs-exclusive0Pray for us
810HEB1318n6gbfigs-metaphor0we are persuaded that we have a clean conscience
811HEB1319cg4lfigs-activepassive0that I will be returned to you sooner
812HEB1320n66e0Now

This marks a new section of the letter. Here the author praises God and gives a final prayer for his readers.

813HEB1320d8yq0brought back from the dead the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus

raised the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus, to life

814HEB1320k6n60from the dead

From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To raise someone from among them speaks of causing that person to become alive again.

815HEB1320gn9wfigs-metaphor0the great shepherd of the sheep

Christ in his role of leader and protector of those who believe in him is spoken of as if he were a shepherd of sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

816HEB1320qxb8figs-metonymy0by the blood of the eternal covenant
817HEB1321qj790equip you with everything good to do his will
818HEB1321r3mifigs-inclusive0working in us
819HEB1321u6iq0to whom be the glory forever

whom all people will praise forever

820HEB1322wa9r0Now

This marks a new section of the letter. Here the author gives his final comments to his audience.

821HEB1322b27jfigs-gendernotations0brothers
822HEB1322d5e60bear with the word of encouragement

patiently consider what I have just written to encourage you

823HEB1322l8b3figs-metonymy0the word of encouragement
824HEB1323w3m2figs-activepassive0has been set free
825HEB1324r7kn0Those from Italy greet you

Possible meanings are 1) the author is not in Italy, but there is a group of believers with him who have come from Italy or 2) the author is in Italy while writing this letter.

826HEB1324kk9ctranslate-names0Italy

This is the name of a region at that time. Rome was the then-capital city of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])