en_tn/en_tn_57-TIT.tsv

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Titus 01 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Paul formally introduces this letter in verses 1-4. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.

In verses 6-9, Paul lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an elder in the church. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns) Paul gives a similar list in 1 Timothy 3.

Special concepts in this chapter

Elders

The church has used different titles for church leaders. Some titles include overseer, elder, pastor, and bishop.

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Should, may, must

The ULT uses different words that indicate requirements or obligations. These verbs have different levels of force associated with them. The subtle differences may be difficult to translate. The UST translates these verbs in a more general way.

4TIT11rtc90for the faith of

to strengthen the faith of

5TIT11fyf80that agrees with godliness

that is suitable for honoring God

6TIT12r2gj0before all the ages of time

before time began

7TIT13b22h0At the right time

At the proper time

8TIT13swi9figs-metaphor0he revealed his word
9TIT13m41u0he trusted me to deliver
10TIT13dpn40God our Savior

God, who saves us

11TIT14gu55figs-metaphor0a true son
12TIT14wx6c0our common faith
13TIT14h93tfigs-ellipsis0Grace and peace
14TIT14s3yr0Christ Jesus our Savior

Christ Jesus who is our Savior

15TIT15ew8h0For this purpose

This is the reason

16TIT15lh9b0I left you in Crete

I told you to stay in Crete

17TIT15ga620that you might set in order things not yet complete

so that you would finish arranging things that needed to be done

18TIT15b52u0ordain elders
19TIT15p56w0elders

In the early Christian churches, Christian elders gave spiritual leadership to the assemblies of believers.

20TIT16wja40Connecting Statement:

Having told Titus to ordain elders in every city on the island of Crete, Paul gives the requirements for elders.

21TIT16jen80An elder must be without blame, the husband
22TIT16q6uyfigs-explicit0the husband of one wife
23TIT16wd6q0faithful children

Possible meanings are 1) children who believe in Jesus or 2) children who are trustworthy.

24TIT17lz7x0overseer
25TIT17g2zffigs-metaphor0God's household manager

Paul speaks of the church as if it were God's household and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing the household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

26TIT17d6l10not addicted to wine
27TIT17j1qq0not a brawler
28TIT18i5490Instead

Paul is changing his argument from what an elder is not to be to what an elder is to be.

29TIT18vkq10a friend of what is good

a person who loves what is good

30TIT19xwy6figs-metaphor0hold tightly to
31TIT19pzi10good teaching

He must teach what is true about God and other spiritual matters.

32TIT110xsq90Connecting Statement:

Because of those that would oppose God's word, Paul gives Titus reasons to preach God's word and warns him about false teachers.

33TIT110w9kk0rebellious people

These are rebellious people who oppose Paul's gospel message.

34TIT110ga6nfigs-metaphor0empty talkers and deceivers
35TIT110pu74figs-metonymy0those of the circumcision

This refers to the Christian Jews who taught that men must be circumcised in order to follow Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

36TIT111f4iy0It is necessary to stop them
37TIT111tw4e0what they should not teach

These are things that are not proper to teach regarding Christ and the Law because they are not true.

38TIT111at7c0for shameful profit

This refers to profit that people make by doing things that are not honorable.

39TIT111aqi50are upsetting whole families
40TIT112tr1j0One of their own prophets
41TIT112y3zbfigs-hyperbole0Cretans are always liars
42TIT112h3jbfigs-metaphor0evil beasts

This metaphor compares the Cretans to dangerous wild animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

43TIT113fif80Therefore, correct them severely

You must use strong language that the Cretans will understand when you correct them

44TIT113je3r0so that they may be sound in the faith
45TIT114p28i0Jewish myths

This refers to the false teaching of the Jews.

46TIT114m4a5figs-metaphor0turn away from the truth
47TIT115qtb90To those who are pure, all things are pure

If people are pure on the inside, everything they do will be pure

48TIT115nx420To those who are pure

To those who are acceptable to God

49TIT115n3wkfigs-metaphor0to those who are corrupt and unbelieving, nothing is pure
50TIT116i3l20they deny him by their actions

how they live proves that they do not know him

51TIT116ja470They are detestable

They are disgusting

52TIT2introh3il0

Titus 02 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Gender roles

Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage.

Slavery

Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches slaves to faithfully serve their masters. He teaches all believers to be godly and live rightly in every situation.

53TIT21lfu10Connecting Statement:

Paul continues giving Titus reasons to preach God's word, and explains how the older men, older women, young men, and slaves or servants should live as believers.

54TIT21tpi2figs-explicit0But you, speak what fits
55TIT21ph2j0with faithful instruction
56TIT22xc6t0to be temperate
57TIT22y3j20to be ... sensible

to ... control their desires

58TIT22m14yfigs-abstractnouns0sound in faith, in love, and in perseverance
59TIT23gl8e0Teach older women likewise
60TIT23v9cp0slanderers

This word refers to people who say bad things about other people whether they are true or not.

61TIT23g9refigs-metaphor0or being slaves to much wine
62TIT25t5v6figs-activepassive0so that God's word may not be insulted
63TIT26i3hv0In the same way

Titus was to train the younger men like he was to train the older people.

64TIT27x73u0present yourself as

show yourself to be

65TIT27ym6x0an example of good works

an example of one who does right and proper things

66TIT28xt6vfigs-hypo0so that anyone who opposes you may be ashamed
67TIT29ntp70their masters

their own masters

68TIT29if6v0in everything
69TIT29id150please them
70TIT210t87j0demonstrate all good faith

show that they are worthy of their masters' trust

71TIT210h2n60in every way

in everything they do

72TIT210f8jy0they may bring credit to the teaching about God our Savior
73TIT210pn930God our Savior

our God who saves us

74TIT211y44u0Connecting Statement:

Paul encourages Titus to look for Jesus' coming and remember his authority through Jesus.

75TIT211gp2zfigs-personification0the grace of God has appeared

Paul speaks of the grace of God as if it were a person who goes to other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

76TIT212qy8kfigs-personification0trains us

Paul speaks of the grace of God ([Titus 2:11] (./11.md)) as if it were a person who goes to other people and trains them to live holy lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

77TIT212lxb30trains us to reject godlessness

teaches us not to dishonor God

78TIT212n3k50worldly passions
79TIT212fk8j0in this age
80TIT213rz930we look forward to receiving

we wait to welcome

81TIT213pss7figs-metonymy0our blessed hope, the appearance of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ
82TIT214niu4figs-explicit0gave himself for us
83TIT214gxe7figs-metaphor0to redeem us from all lawlessness

Paul speaks of Jesus as if he were setting slaves free from their evil master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

84TIT214fjy10a special people

A group of people that he treasures.

85TIT214ii180are eager

have a strong desire

86TIT215b94zfigs-explicit0give correction with all authority
87TIT215h15y0Let no one

Do not allow anyone to

88TIT215jbu1figs-explicit0disregard you
89TIT3introzh6x0

Titus 03 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Paul gives Titus personal instructions in this chapter.

Verse 15 formally concludes this letter. This is a common way of ending a letter in the ancient Near East.

Special concepts in this chapter

Genealogies

Genealogies are lists that record a person's ancestors or descendants. Jews used genealogies to choose the right man to become king. They did this because only a son of a king could normally become king. They also showed from what tribe and family they came. For example, priests came from the tribe of Levi and the family of Aaron.

90TIT31y9tr0Connecting Statement:

Paul continues giving Titus instructions on how to teach the elders and people under his care in Crete.

91TIT31j2sa0Remind them to submit
92TIT31w3fy0submit to rulers and authorities, to obey them

do as the political rulers and government authorities say by obeying them

93TIT31wa9x0rulers and authorities

These words have similar meanings and are used together to include everyone who holds authority in the government.

94TIT31in7u0be ready for every good work

be ready to do good whenever there is opportunity

95TIT32lug70to revile

to speak evil of

96TIT33m9zd0For once we ourselves

This is because we ourselves were once

97TIT33me7b0once
98TIT33bl8e0we ourselves
99TIT33rrx90were thoughtless
100TIT33qt8ffigs-personification0We were led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasures
101TIT33tl5n0passions
102TIT33dec4figs-hendiadys0We lived in evil and envy
103TIT33y5lp0We were detestable

We caused others to hate us

104TIT34ba5afigs-personification0when the kindness of God our Savior and his love for mankind appeared

Paul speaks of God's kindness and love as if they were people that came into our sight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

105TIT35n4ug0by his mercy

because he had mercy on us

106TIT35k1a6figs-metaphor0washing of new birth

Paul is probably speaking of God's forgiveness for sinners as if he were physically washing them. He is also speaking of sinners who become responsive to God as if they had been born again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

107TIT36fby9figs-metaphor0whom God richly poured on us
108TIT36q9ze0through our Savior Jesus Christ

when Jesus saved us

109TIT37di3gfigs-activepassive0having been justified
110TIT37q1cmfigs-metaphor0we might become heirs with the certain hope of eternal life

The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

111TIT38j8md0This message

This refers to God giving the believers the Holy Spirit through Jesus in Titus 3:7.

112TIT38kqm60may be careful to engage themselves in good works

may seek to do good works

113TIT39tzh90Connecting Statement:

Paul explains what Titus should avoid and how to treat those who cause contention among the believers.

114TIT39j1hf0But avoid
115TIT39xnf90foolish debates

arguments concerning unimportant matters

116TIT39qk660genealogies

This is the study of family kinship relationships.

117TIT39xu7f0strife

arguments or fights

118TIT39ky3n0the law

the law of Moses

119TIT310x3fh0Reject anyone

Stay away from anyone

120TIT310xzx10after one or two warnings

after you have warned that person once or twice

121TIT311r7pc0such a person

a person like that

122TIT311inh5figs-metaphor0has turned from the right way

Paul speaks of someone who makes errors as if he were leaving the path on which he had been walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

123TIT311p81k0condemns himself

brings judgment on himself

124TIT312z7i40Connecting Statement:

Paul closes the letter by telling Titus what to do after he appoints elders in Crete and by giving greetings from those with him.

125TIT312mba60When I send

After I send

126TIT312c32wtranslate-names0Artemas ... Tychicus

These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

127TIT312knt10hurry and come

come quickly

128TIT312gdw90spend the winter

stay for the winter

129TIT313a46ftranslate-names0Zenas

This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

130TIT313j4960Do everything you can to send

Do not delay in sending

131TIT313s7570and Apollos

and also send Apollos

132TIT314v7wg0Connecting Statement:

Paul explains why it is important to provide for Zenas and Apollos.

133TIT314fw980Our people

Paul is referring to the believers in Crete.

134TIT314tn240that provide for urgent needs

that enable them to help people who need important things immediately

135TIT314mji4figs-doublenegatives0needs, and so not be unfruitful
136TIT315j3y20General Information:

Paul ends his letter to Titus.

137TIT315k1sa0All those

All the people

138TIT315f4vc0those who love us in faith
139TIT315kx830Grace be with all of you