en_tn/en_tn_05-DEU.tsv

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Deuteronomy 01 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter forms a continuation with the last chapter of the book of Numbers.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's victory

The chapter explains that Israel's conquering of the Promised Land will be done by Yahweh. They are not to fear the people of Canaan but be obedient to Yahweh. Yahweh is bringing about his judgement upon the people of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])

Possessing the land

While the Promised Land belongs to Israel, they do not possess the land. Possessing the land is an important theme. Posessing the land depended on Israel's faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])

4DEU11j9ty0beyond the Jordan
5DEU11bg65translate-names0Suph ... Paran ... Tophel ... Laban ... Hazeroth ... Dizahab

These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

6DEU12p4gk0It is eleven days' journey from Horeb ... to Kadesh Barnea

It takes eleven days to walk from Horeb ... to Kadesh Barnea

7DEU12m2r5translate-names0Mount Seir
8DEU12pp45translate-numbers0eleven
9DEU13pc9jtranslate-ordinal0It happened in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spoke
10DEU13j362translate-numbers0fortieth

40th (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

11DEU13zfn5translate-hebrewmonths0in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month

This is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

12DEU13p27wtranslate-numbers0eleventh

11th (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

13DEU13d97r0Yahweh

This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.

14DEU14ws560Yahweh had attacked

Yahweh had enabled the Israelites to defeat

15DEU14x2fptranslate-names0Sihon ... Og

These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

16DEU14mpn7translate-names0Heshbon ... Ashtaroth at Edrei

These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

17DEU15cn3h0Beyond the Jordan
18DEU16s8em0spoke to us
19DEU16gy3afigs-idiom0You have lived long enough in this hill country
20DEU17kh6j0General Information:

Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them.

21DEU17l6npfigs-idiom0Turn and take your journey
22DEU17rbe50hill country ... Euphrates

Yahweh is describing places in the land that he has promised to give to the Israelites.

23DEU17faf30hill country

This is an area in the hills near the place where the Amorites lived.

24DEU17y94k0lowland

an area of land that is low and flat

25DEU18bp4f0Look

Pay attention to what I am about to say

26DEU18i61s0I have set the land before you

I am now giving this land to you

27DEU18p2mnfigs-pronouns0that Yahweh swore
28DEU18pcv4figs-synecdoche0fathers
29DEU19qad30General Information:

Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them.

30DEU19dv93figs-explicit0I spoke to you at that time
31DEU19l5mrfigs-idiom0I am not able to carry you myself alone
32DEU110zy9zfigs-hyperbole0as the multitude of the stars of heaven
33DEU111it3vfigs-metaphor0a thousand times
34DEU111spg1translate-numbers0a thousand

1000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

35DEU112q9dw0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

36DEU112fvz8figs-rquestion0But how can I myself alone carry your loads, your burdens, and your disputes?
37DEU112l36dfigs-metaphor0carry your loads, your burdens
38DEU112iss70your disputes
39DEU113ue4a0men of good repute from each tribe

men from each tribe whom the people of Israel respect

40DEU115f4vm0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

41DEU115u5jy0men of good repute
42DEU115t5iwtranslate-numbers0of thousands ... of hundreds ... of fifties ... of tens
43DEU115s5h10captains ... officers

These are titles for different leaders in Israel's government.

44DEU115s3vi0tribe by tribe

from each of your tribes

45DEU116dq180judge righteously between a man and his brother

make right and fair decisions about the disputes Israelites have with each other

46DEU117tia7figs-pronouns0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the judges, so the commands are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])

47DEU117k6560You will not show partiality

Do not show partiality

48DEU117l3vlfigs-merism0you will hear the small and the great alike
49DEU117jze3figs-synecdoche0You will not be afraid of the face of man
50DEU118crf3figs-explicit0at that time

This means the time when they were at Horeb, at Mount Sinai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

51DEU119bf680General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.

52DEU119s8zk0terrible wilderness that you saw

large and dangerous desert that you crossed through

53DEU120lj3y0General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.

54DEU121sel7figs-pronouns0Look ... your God ... before you; go up, take possession ... your fathers ... to you; do not be afraid, neither be discouraged

Moses is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to one man, so these forms should be singular, not plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])

55DEU121xjd30has set the land before you
56DEU122jr4u0General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.

57DEU123cm5htranslate-numbers0twelve men
58DEU124n7e4figs-idiom0They turned and went
59DEU124m2qrtranslate-names0Valley of Eshkol

This is a valley in the Hebron region, which is south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

60DEU124h6p70scouted it

looked for places they could attack

61DEU125d1890General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.

62DEU125c7950They took

The 12 men took

63DEU125gns50took some of the produce of the land in their hands

picked some of the produce of the land

64DEU125et1gfigs-metaphor0brought us word and said
65DEU125ks9s0said, 'It is a good land that Yahweh our God is giving to us.'
66DEU126t13i0General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.

67DEU126k4x9figs-explicit0Yet you refused to attack

God commanded the Israelites to attack and destroy the Amorites, but the Israelites were afraid and refused to fight them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

68DEU127am5bfigs-metonymy0into the hand of the Amorites
69DEU128dm6tfigs-rquestion0Where can we go now?
70DEU128x4y4figs-idiom0made our heart to melt
71DEU128vs1ifigs-hyperbole0are fortified up to the heavens
72DEU128fl92figs-explicit0sons of the Anakim

These are descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

73DEU129d7v60General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.

74DEU129ukp20I said to you

I said to your ancestors

75DEU130wdr7figs-synecdoche0before your eyes
76DEU131t94mfigs-you0you have seen ... Yahweh your God carried you ... you went ... you came
77DEU131bmh3figs-simile0Yahweh your God carried you, as a man carries his son
78DEU131ivd60until you came to this place

until you came to this land that God promised to give you

79DEU132hy2f0General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.

80DEU133t7vc0make camp

put up your tents

81DEU134p8tw0General Information:

Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them.

82DEU134a5i60heard the sound of your words

heard what you were saying

83DEU134gv710he swore and said

God made a vow not to allow those who rebelled against him to enter the land he promised to give them.

84DEU135l5ps0will see

will enter

85DEU136xn3b0save Caleb

except Caleb

86DEU136ai2ltranslate-names0Jephunneh

This is the name of Caleb's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

87DEU136ix6zfigs-pronouns0he has wholly followed Yahweh
88DEU137z3bs0General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.

89DEU137j94dfigs-explicit0Yahweh was angry with me because of you

This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

90DEU138du4btranslate-names0Nun

This is the name of Joshua's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

91DEU138ze5mfigs-explicit0who stands before you
92DEU139gn7q0General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.

93DEU140mrt90turn and take your journey

turn around and go back on the road you have come on

94DEU141wwe30General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.

95DEU141eg590sinned against Yahweh

we have rebelled against Yahweh by disobeying him

96DEU141zg190we will follow

we will obey

97DEU141l3asfigs-metonymy0to attack the hill country
98DEU142vgw8figs-activepassive0for I will not be with you, and you will be defeated by your enemies
99DEU143q8fb0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

100DEU143t5l6figs-metonymy0attacked the hill country
101DEU144z33pfigs-simile0chased you like bees
102DEU144z2yutranslate-names0Seir

This is the name of a piece of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

103DEU144fn6ptranslate-names0Hormah

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

104DEU144xcg60struck you down

killed many of your soldiers

105DEU145d7e50General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.

106DEU145yrs70returned and wept

returned to Kadesh and wept

107DEU2introji460

Deuteronomy 02 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Covenant faithfulness

Yahweh is faithful to the covenant he made with Abraham. He is also faithful to the promises he made with Esau and Lot. Because of this, Israel was given specific land it was able to conquer in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])

108DEU21ys5a0General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.

109DEU21b9af0Then we turned and took our journey

Then we turned around and went

110DEU21yf1v0we went around Mount Seir for many days

Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites traveled around the mountain called Seir for a very long time or 2) the Israelites wandered in a region called Mount Seir for a very long time.

111DEU21r626translate-names0Mount Seir
112DEU21lng20many days
113DEU24t4vc0General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.

114DEU24trl30of your brothers, the descendants of Esau

of your relatives, the descendants of Esau

115DEU25e5j70I have given Mount Seir to Esau as a possession

Yahweh is reminding the Israelites that he has given this territory to the descendants of Esau.

116DEU26rd6v0General Information:

Moses continues to instruct Israel in how they are to treat the descendants of Esau.

117DEU26qn8p0You will purchase food from them
118DEU26pc6f0from them

from Esau's descendants

119DEU26ru4x0for money

If these words are not needed or make the translation unclear, you may omit them.

120DEU27st5nfigs-you0your God has blessed you ... your hand ... your walking ... your God ... with you, and you have lacked
121DEU27ief6figs-synecdoche0you in all the work of your hand
122DEU27act3figs-metonymy0he has known your walking
123DEU27u2pxtranslate-numbers0forty years
124DEU27l4f1figs-litotes0you have lacked nothing
125DEU28t48a0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

126DEU28n8fq0by our brothers

by our relatives

127DEU28ctw5translate-names0Elath ... Ezion Geber

These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

128DEU28lbh3figs-idiom0we turned
129DEU29g8pawriting-background0General Information:

This is the end of a part of Moses' speech reminding the Israelites of how Yahweh guided them in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

130DEU29ftp7figs-metonymy0Do not trouble Moab
131DEU29cs7ltranslate-names0Ar

This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

132DEU29sl7sfigs-explicit0the descendants of Lot

The people of Israel were related to the descendants of Moab. Moab was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

133DEU210am7rwriting-background0General Information:

The writer begins to give background information about the people of the land. These words are not part of Moses' speech to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

134DEU210n8xlwriting-background0The Emites lived

These words give background information about the Emite people, who had lived in the land before the Moabites. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

135DEU210d4pitranslate-names0Emites

This is the name of a people group that were considered giants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

136DEU210yv8c0Anakim

These are descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 1:28.

137DEU211zxl2writing-background0General Information:

This continues the background information about the different people groups that had lived in the land. (See: Deuteronomy 2:10 and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]).

138DEU211eds2translate-names0Rephaim

This is the name of a people group that were considered giants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

139DEU212j8rrwriting-background0General Information:

This continues the background information about the different people groups that had lived in the land. (See: Deuteronomy 2:10 and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]).

140DEU212ye16translate-names0Horites

This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

141DEU212v8s20destroyed them from before them
142DEU213tfp10General Information:

Moses continues reminding the Israelites of what had happened to them in the wilderness.

143DEU213ruf4figs-quotations0'Now rise up ... Zered.' So
144DEU213va2qfigs-idiom0rise up

begin to do something (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

145DEU213mn1htranslate-names0the brook Zered

This stream flows into the Dead Sea from the southeast and creates the border between Edom and Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

146DEU214h8wzwriting-background0Now the days
147DEU214s3qftranslate-numbers0thirty-eight years
148DEU214a2uefigs-euphemism0were gone from the people
149DEU215q5m7figs-synecdoche0the hand of Yahweh was against
150DEU216pv430General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past.

151DEU218yrj6figs-you0You are
152DEU218g7yvtranslate-names0Ar

This is the name of a city in Moab. See how you translated it in Deuteronomy 2:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

153DEU219c269figs-you0do not trouble ... will not give you
154DEU219af4bfigs-explicit0to the descendants of Lot

The people of Israel were related to the descendants of Ammon. Ammon was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

155DEU220s8bnwriting-background0General Information:

These verses begin to give background information about the people groups who lived in the land. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

156DEU220n15rfigs-activepassive0That also is considered
157DEU220p2rwtranslate-names0Rephaim

This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 2:11. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

158DEU221fpu6translate-names0Anakim

This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 1:28. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

159DEU221sq140destroyed them before the Ammonites
160DEU221xz3g0they succeeded them and lived in their place

the Ammonites took over everything the Rephaim had owned and have lived where the Rephaim had lived

161DEU222y1ibtranslate-names0Horites

This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 2:12. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

162DEU222yq6w0succeeded them and have lived in their place

took over everything the Horites had owned and have lived where the Horites had lived

163DEU223i3fg0General Information:

The writer finishes describing how God enabled Esau to conquer the land Esau is now inhabiting.

164DEU223c7kbtranslate-names0Avvites ... Caphtorim

These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

165DEU223wmz4translate-names0Caphtor

This is the name of a place. It may be another name for the island of Crete located in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

166DEU223feg90destroyed them

destroyed the Avvim

167DEU223un7u0settled in their place

lived where the Avvim had lived

168DEU224v5lr0General Information:

The writer has finished giving background information and is now again telling what Moses said to the Israelites.

169DEU224yyy90Now rise up
170DEU224b1uk0go on your journey

continue your journey

171DEU224v45ytranslate-names0Valley of the Arnon

This is the name of the valley of the Arnon River. It creates the border between Moab and the Amorites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

172DEU224j7cyfigs-metonymy0I have given into your hand
173DEU224g8xafigs-you0your hand ... Begin to possess it ... fight
174DEU224gvu7translate-names0Sihon

This is the name of a king. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 1:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

175DEU224q9kctranslate-names0Heshbon

This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 1:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

176DEU224k7py0fight with him

fight against him and his army

177DEU225il8bfigs-you0terror of you ... news about you ... because of you
178DEU225jg6pfigs-doublet0put the fear and terror
179DEU225x3s5figs-idiom0peoples that are under the whole sky
180DEU225fjp4figs-hendiadys0tremble and be in anguish
181DEU226ajl40General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

182DEU226d2n30I sent
183DEU226p6fjtranslate-names0wilderness of Kedemoth

This is the name of a place near the valley of Arnon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

184DEU226t59etranslate-names0Sihon ... Heshbon

These are the names of a man and a place. See how you translated them in Deuteronomy 1:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

185DEU226efk30with words of peace
186DEU227zr26figs-litotes0I will turn neither to the right hand nor to the left
187DEU228mf3s0General Information:

This continues Moses' message to King Sihon.

188DEU228n54c0You will sell me food for money, so that I may eat; give me water for money, so that I may drink
189DEU228jp21figs-synecdoche0sell me ... I may eat ... give me ... I may drink
190DEU228twx50only let me pass through on my feet

only let us walk through your land

191DEU229nj8qtranslate-names0Ar

This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 2:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

192DEU230iv420General Information:

Moses continues to remind the people of what happened in the past.

193DEU230pe7ftranslate-names0Sihon ... Heshbon

These are the names of a man and a place. See how you translated them in Deuteronomy 1:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

194DEU230n8cgfigs-you0your God ... your might
195DEU230fad4figs-parallelism0hardened his mind and made his heart obstinate
196DEU231wz3l0to deliver up Sihon and his land before you

to give Sihon and his land over to you

197DEU231mi9p0begin to possess it, in order that you may inherit his land

take possession of his land, so that you may inherit it

198DEU232lu820General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.

199DEU232e5dqtranslate-names0Sihon

This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 1:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

200DEU232k97atranslate-names0Jahaz

This is the name of a city in Moab (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

201DEU234x76b0General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people about what happened in the past.

202DEU234ie9v0We took all his cities

We captured all of King Sihon's cities

203DEU236i479translate-names0Aroer

This is the name of a city on the north bank of the Arnon River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

204DEU236pd7qtranslate-names0Valley of the Arnon
205DEU236snr1figs-litotes0there was not a city too high for us
206DEU237v1z7figs-you0you did not go
207DEU237vt6dtranslate-names0Jabbok River

This is the name of a river that created the border between Sihon's land and the land of the Ammonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

208DEU3introz1ea0

Deuteronomy 03 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Victories

The victories recorded in this chapter occurred on the east side of the Jordan River. This was not part of the Promised Land, which was on the west side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])

209DEU31b1tm0General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past.

210DEU31z2w7translate-names0Og

This is the name of a king. See how you translated it in Deuteronomy 1:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

211DEU31v626translate-names0Edrei

This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in Deuteronomy 1:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

212DEU32a3g7translate-names0Sihon

This is the name of a king. See how you translated it in Deuteronomy 1:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

213DEU32dc9jtranslate-names0Heshbon

This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in Deuteronomy 1:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

214DEU32hn64figs-you0Yahweh said to me, 'Do not fear him; ... given you ... under your control ... You will do ... as you did ... at Heshbon.'
215DEU32w3dp0fear him ... over him ... his people and his land
216DEU32w9tjfigs-pastforfuture0I have given you victory

Yahweh speaks of what he will do as if he had already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])

217DEU32pqq3figs-synecdoche0You will do to him as you did to Sihon
218DEU33n4lwfigs-activepassive0all his people were put under our control
219DEU33rm5efigs-litotes0not one of his people remained
220DEU34nwb3figs-doublenegatives0There was not one of the sixty cities that we did not take
221DEU34n378translate-numbers0sixty cities
222DEU34x9q1translate-names0the region of Argob

This is the name of a region within Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

223DEU35qup30General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past.

224DEU35p7qc0These were all cities fortified with

These were all cities protected by

225DEU35v9nt0besides very many
226DEU36mm89translate-names0Sihon

This is the name of a king. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 1:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

227DEU36zx6itranslate-names0Heshbon

This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 1:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

228DEU38w2ct0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

229DEU38e82dfigs-metonymy0out of the hand of the two kings
230DEU38kg660Amorites
231DEU38l9c40beyond the Jordan
232DEU38c8hd0the Valley of the Arnon

See how you translated these words in Deuteronomy 2:24.

233DEU38b5q8translate-names0Mount Hermon

This is the name of a mountain at the northern border of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

234DEU39nk7stranslate-names0Mount Hermon ... Sirion ... Senir

These are all names of the same mountain which is at the northern border of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

235DEU310g7ie0Bashan ... Edrei ... Og

See how you translated these in Deuteronomy 1:4.

236DEU310gk8j0of the plain

This is high, flat land between the Arnon River and Mount Gilead.

237DEU310l1khtranslate-names0Salekah

This is the name of a city near Edrei. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

238DEU311nd7p0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

239DEU311ju5nwriting-background0For of the remnant ... the way people measure

This is background information about King Og. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

240DEU311mdg30Rephaim

See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 2:11.

241DEU311i4qm0Look!

Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you.

242DEU311ev4bfigs-rquestion0Was it not in Rabbah, ... live?
243DEU311b98utranslate-bdistance0cubits

A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])

244DEU311z43d0the way people measure

according to the cubit most people use

245DEU312ac8k0General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of what happened in the past.

246DEU312s9210Aroer

See how you translated the name of this town in Deuteronomy 2:36.

247DEU312h3520the Valley of the Arnon

See how you translated these words in Deuteronomy 2:24.

248DEU313pt8s0the region of Argob

See how you translated these words in Deuteronomy 3:4.

249DEU313xzf3writing-background0The same territory is called the land of Rephaim

The writer begins to present background information about the land that the people of Israel captured. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

250DEU313g27b0Rephaim

See how you translated the name of this land in Deuteronomy 2:11.

251DEU314xv6z0General Information:

This continues the background information about the land the people of Israel captured (Deuteronomy 3:13).

252DEU314aa4ntranslate-names0Jair

This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

253DEU314uz9utranslate-names0the Geshurites and the Maakathites

These are people groups who lived west of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

254DEU314g7g20Havvoth Jair
255DEU315hyk90General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

256DEU315fik90I gave
257DEU315x1nttranslate-names0to Machir
258DEU316ni9htranslate-names0Jabbok River

This is the name of a river that created the border between Sihon's land and the land of the Ammonites. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 2:37. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

259DEU317qm240General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

260DEU317bb2m0Another of its borders is also

The western border of the Reubenite and Gadite territory is

261DEU317y51gtranslate-names0Kinnereth
262DEU317w6xstranslate-names0Mount Pisgah

This is the name of a mountain in the northern part of the Abarim mountain range. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

263DEU318i7wz0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

264DEU318i1ztfigs-explicit0I commanded you at that time

Moses reminds the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh that they must help the other Israelites conquer the rest of the land God promised them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

265DEU318rt7n0will pass over armed before

will take your weapons and cross the Jordan River ahead of

266DEU318mq1x0your brothers, the people of Israel

your fellow Israelites

267DEU319ma9q0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the tribes of Reuben and Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh.

268DEU320isu7figs-metaphor0Yahweh gives rest to your brothers
269DEU320ac2j0beyond the Jordan
270DEU320s3hn0then will you return
271DEU321s2lk0General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.

272DEU321p9plfigs-synecdoche0Your eyes have seen
273DEU323d3fi0General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people about what happened in the past.

274DEU323j4ne0I implored
275DEU324z9tn0to show your servant
276DEU324idr1figs-metonymy0your strong hand
277DEU324qkn5figs-rquestion0for what god is there ... acts?
278DEU324ls1efigs-merism0in heaven or in earth
279DEU325c8zq0beyond the Jordan
280DEU326xt4j0General Information:

Moses continues telling the people of Israel what happened in the past.

281DEU326p3zpfigs-explicit0Yahweh was angry with me because of you

This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 1:37. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

282DEU327qm9b0Pisgah

See how you translated this is in Deuteronomy 3:17.

283DEU327a7agfigs-idiom0lift up your eyes
284DEU328x7d30General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.

285DEU329dut2translate-names0Beth Peor

This is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

286DEU4introd8g80

Deuteronomy 04 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Law of Moses

In order to possess the land, the people needed to obey the law of Moses. This will be the most important thing in the religious life of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])

Moses' instructions

Moses is not allowed to enter into the Promised Land. Since they are getting ready to possess the Promised Land, Moses gives them some last instructions before his death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical Questions

Moses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince his readers to obey his instructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

287DEU41m1n50I am about to teach you

Moses is telling the people of Israel what God wants them to do.

288DEU41zdp50to do them

and obey them

289DEU42ft3x0You will not add to the words ... neither will you diminish them

Yahweh does not want his people to create new laws, or to ignore those he has already given them.

290DEU43u7gv0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

291DEU43j4ngfigs-synecdoche0Your eyes have seen
292DEU43bs2afigs-explicit0because of Baal Peor
293DEU43fpr60Peor

See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 3:29.

294DEU43yl8hfigs-pronouns0Yahweh your God has destroyed them from among you
295DEU44x6hffigs-metaphor0you who clung to Yahweh
296DEU45yhv50General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

297DEU45hs9r0Look

Pay attention

298DEU45bis80that you should do so in the midst of the land

that you should obey them when you live in the land

299DEU46zr9kfigs-doublet0keep them and do them
300DEU46bhy7figs-abstractnouns0this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the peoples
301DEU46sr33figs-metonymy0this great nation is a wise and understanding people
302DEU47thf70General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

303DEU47m62nfigs-rquestion0For what other great nation is there ... him?
304DEU48g3ltfigs-rquestion0What other great nation is there ... today?
305DEU49wv6p0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

306DEU49bfw3figs-pronouns0Only pay attention ... guard yourself ... you do not forget ... your eyes ... your heart ... your life ... make them known to your children and your children's children
307DEU49d2dg0Only pay attention and carefully guard yourself

Pay careful attention and be sure to remember these things always

308DEU49gm1cfigs-parallelism0you do not forget ... they do not leave your heart

These phrases means the same thing and emphasize that the people of Israel must remember what they have seen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

309DEU49hp7efigs-synecdoche0your eyes have seen
310DEU410tkm7figs-pronouns0you stood before Yahweh your God
311DEU410ivm80Assemble me the people

Bring the people together and bring them to me

312DEU411wy4q0General Information:

Moses continues to remind the Israelites of their history.

313DEU411ytq1figs-idiom0with fire to the heart of heaven
314DEU411f82ufigs-hendiadys0with darkness, cloud, and thick darkness
315DEU411jh6q0thick darkness
316DEU413re7g0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

317DEU413tk8q0He declared

Yahweh declared

318DEU413yz4x0to you
319DEU414bdx70in the land that you are crossing over to take possession of

after you have crossed over the Jordan River and taken possession of the land

320DEU415yqn40General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

321DEU416f5bb0do not corrupt yourselves

do not do what is wrong

322DEU418xe6b0creeps on the ground

crawls on the ground

323DEU419a5btfigs-you0You shall not lift your eyes ... and look ... and be drawn ... Yahweh your God
324DEU419mg57figs-activepassive0You shall not ... and be drawn away to worship
325DEU419r5pg0all the host of the heavens
326DEU419mpi9figs-idiom0of which Yahweh your God has given a share all the peoples
327DEU420uej2figs-metaphor0brought you out of the iron furnace
328DEU420c59dfigs-idiom0a people of his own inheritance
329DEU421q42n0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

330DEU421l8rkfigs-explicit0Yahweh was angry with me because of you

This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 1:37. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

331DEU421qnf5figs-you0Yahweh your God is giving to you
332DEU423gf5v0Pay attention to yourselves

Pay careful attention

333DEU423q9m3figs-you0Yahweh your God has forbidden you
334DEU424z6c8figs-metaphor0Yahweh your God is a devouring fire, a jealous God
335DEU424d51qfigs-you0Yahweh your God
336DEU425d5qj0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

337DEU425sw650you beget ... Yahweh your God
338DEU425txa10beget

become the father of, or become the ancestor of

339DEU425r6pb0if you corrupt yourselves
340DEU425v824figs-idiom0do what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God, to provoke him to anger
341DEU426lbi9figs-metonymy0I call heaven and earth to witness

Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

342DEU426tz2pfigs-metaphor0you will not prolong your days
343DEU426eme2figs-hyperbole0but you will be completely destroyed
344DEU427yy630General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

345DEU427swv8figs-metaphor0Yahweh will scatter you among the peoples
346DEU427u1el0will lead you away
347DEU428eq2tfigs-synecdoche0the work of men's hands, wood and stone
348DEU429t9hjfigs-you0General Information:
349DEU429nz820But from there

But when you are in those other nations

350DEU429m6l6figs-you0you will seek
351DEU429fki10when you search after him
352DEU429pl1sfigs-metonymy0with all your heart and with all your soul
353DEU430bu4p0will have come on

have happened to

354DEU430p1sc0in those later days
355DEU430xhr4figs-idiom0listen to his voice
356DEU432yss9figs-you0General Information:
357DEU433gv8cfigs-rquestion0Did ever a people hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as you have heard, and live?
358DEU433uge5figs-synecdoche0hear the voice of God speaking
359DEU434i1ev0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

360DEU434uct8figs-metaphor0by a mighty hand, and by an outstretched arm
361DEU434r398figs-synecdoche0before your eyes
362DEU435yl1zfigs-you0General Information:
363DEU435nu4afigs-activepassive0To you these things were shown
364DEU436r4110he made you to hear ... made you see

he made sure you heard ... made sure you saw

365DEU436pii8figs-metonymy0made you ... you heard
366DEU437ss1rfigs-you0General Information:
367DEU437p6x20your fathers

This refers to Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Jacob's sons.

368DEU437yey20with his presence, with his great power
369DEU439esi7figs-you0General Information:
370DEU439ufg5figs-idiom0lay it on your heart
371DEU439f524figs-merism0in heaven above and on the earth beneath
372DEU440c3awfigs-metaphor0prolong your days
373DEU441bt780General Information:

Moses's speech, which began in Deuteronomy 1:6, has finished, and the writer continues the narrative that ended in Deuteronomy 1:5.

374DEU443csf7translate-names0Bezer ... Ramoth ... Golan

These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

375DEU444j6tj0This is the law

This refers to the laws Moses will give in the following chapters.

376DEU446zf9ltranslate-names0Beth Peor

This is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 3:29. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

377DEU446c8za0Sihon ... Amorites ... Heshbon
378DEU447ya360his land

King Sihon's land

379DEU447h15l0beyond the Jordan toward the east
380DEU448kwj20Aroer

This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 2:36.

381DEU448n3ct0the Valley of the Arnon

This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 2:24.

382DEU448vyn60Mount Siyon ... Mount Hermon
383DEU449axk10eastward beyond the Jordan
384DEU449x6zf0Sea of the Arabah ... Mount Pisgah

See how you translated these names in Deuteronomy 3:17.

385DEU5introxsp10

Deuteronomy 05 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations set each of the commandements in the list of Ten Commandments in 5:7-21 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT uses a separate paragraph for each commandment.

Special concepts in this chapter

Ten commandments

This chapter repeats the material of Exodus 20. It is known as the Ten Commandments.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metaphors and idioms

Moses uses metaphors and idioms to instruct the people to follow the law of Moses. This is because it is very important to follow these laws. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

386DEU51d5qb0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

387DEU51vj47figs-hyperbole0called to all Israel
388DEU51rwb1figs-synecdoche0that I will speak in your ears today
389DEU53hf3s0Yahweh did not make this covenant with our ancestors

Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh did not only make a covenant with those who were at Horeb; the covenant was also with the later generations of Israelites or 2) Yahweh did not make this covenant with their distant ancestors, such as, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; instead, this covenant began with the Israelites at Horeb.

390DEU54ijj60General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

391DEU54h6t4figs-idiom0face to face

Use your language's idiom for two people who are close to each other and looking at each other when they are speaking to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

392DEU54n2910on the mount

on the mountain

393DEU55b7in0at that time

Moses is referring to an event that happened about 40 years earlier.

394DEU56fbu5figs-metonymy0out of the house of slavery
395DEU57f42xfigs-you0General Information:
396DEU57pa850You will have no other gods before me

You must not worship any other gods but me

397DEU58bs7nfigs-explicit0that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water below
398DEU59a6effigs-you0General Information:
399DEU59sxf40You will not bow down to them or serve them

You will not worship the carved figures or do as they command

400DEU59q9rc0You will not

Never

401DEU59qi9s0I ... am a jealous God

I ... want you to worship only me

402DEU510zxf7figs-abstractnouns0showing covenant faithfulness to thousands, to those who love me
403DEU510gvi1figs-explicit0to thousands, to those who love me
404DEU511kd28figs-you0General Information:
405DEU511nj560You will not take the name of Yahweh

You will not use the name of Yahweh

406DEU511jap90You will not

See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 5:9.

407DEU511fv410in vain
408DEU511in6bfigs-doublenegatives0Yahweh will not hold him guiltless
409DEU512vbs1figs-you0General Information:
410DEU512ybn90to keep it holy

to dedicate it to God

411DEU513p3yg0do all your work

do all your usual duties

412DEU514cx31translate-ordinal0seventh day
413DEU514kbw80On it you will not do

On that day never do

414DEU514c3x8figs-synecdoche0within your gates
415DEU515x69hfigs-you0General Information:
416DEU515p52pfigs-idiom0You will call to mind
417DEU515ls4cfigs-metaphor0by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm
418DEU516g54gfigs-you0General Information:
419DEU517x2enfigs-you0General Information:
420DEU517u97m0You will not

See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 5:9.

421DEU518lke60You will not commit adultery

You will not sleep with anyone other than your spouse

422DEU520vp3r0You will not give false witness against your neighbor

You will not tell lies about someone

423DEU521msw3figs-you0General Information:
424DEU521sqc40You will not

See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 5:9.

425DEU522c5s90General Information:

Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said.

426DEU523vkg30General Information:

Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what happened in the past.

427DEU523ar5zfigs-synecdoche0heard the voice
428DEU525k97b0General Information:

Moses continues to remind the Israelites what the Israelites had said to Moses.

429DEU525zra9figs-rquestion0But why should we die?
430DEU526qk3jfigs-rquestion0For who besides us is there ... have done?
431DEU526sdf1figs-synecdoche0all flesh
432DEU528j5bk0when you spoke to me
433DEU529m98lfigs-idiom0Oh, that there were
434DEU531bn9j0General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.

435DEU531u4lk0you will teach them

you will teach the people of Israel

436DEU532kyg90General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

437DEU532weq50You will keep

Moses is giving a command to the people of Israel.

438DEU532w87ifigs-metaphor0you will not turn aside to the right hand or to the left
439DEU533ype4figs-metaphor0prolong your days
440DEU6introq4y80

Deuteronomy 06 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's blessings

Yahweh's continued blessing of the people of Israel is dependent upon the people's obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metaphors

There are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors describe the greatness of the Promised Land the wholehearted worship that is completely dedicated to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])

441DEU61it53figs-you0General Information:

Moses continues the speech to the people of Israel he began in Deuteronomy 5:1. Beginning in verse 2, he speaks to the people of Israel as if they were one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

442DEU61z6zb0might keep

might obey

443DEU61ymp90going over the Jordan

going to the other side of the Jordan River

444DEU62l6ps0to keep

to obey

445DEU62i3kufigs-metaphor0that your days may be prolonged
446DEU63jl47figs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

447DEU63yk4ufigs-explicit0listen to them
448DEU63cau80keep them

obey them

449DEU63t77lfigs-idiom0a land flowing with milk and honey
450DEU64cip9figs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

451DEU64zv4t0Yahweh our God is one

Our God Yahweh is the one and only God

452DEU65dc6bfigs-metonymy0with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your might
453DEU66g3hffigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

454DEU66u7kf0I am commanding you

Moses is speaking God's commandments to the people of Israel.

455DEU66a1y8figs-idiom0will be in your heart
456DEU67ye1m0you will diligently teach ... you will talk
457DEU68mh97figs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

458DEU68x5c9figs-metonymy0tie them
459DEU68zn5b0as a sign upon your hand

as something to make you remember my laws

460DEU68w48bfigs-metonymy0they will serve as frontlets
461DEU68ju590frontlets

ornaments a person wears on the forehead

462DEU69ex690You will write

This is a command.

463DEU610gu32figs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

464DEU610yge80large and very good cities that you did not build

All these cities will belong to the people of Israel when they conquer the people in Canaan.

465DEU612kq91figs-metonymy0out of the house of bondage
466DEU613i1uwfigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

467DEU613b8cf0You will honor Yahweh your God; him you will worship, and you will swear by his name
468DEU613rn98figs-metonymy0you will swear by his name
469DEU615syl70in the midst of you

who lives among you

470DEU615hb7pfigs-activepassive0the anger of Yahweh your God will be kindled against you
471DEU615a26k0destroy you from

destroy you so that there is nothing left of you anywhere on

472DEU616bd27figs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

473DEU616dj8u0You will not test Yahweh
474DEU616qk5btranslate-names0Massah
475DEU618yri1figs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

476DEU618zh1ifigs-idiom0You will do what is right and good in the sight of Yahweh
477DEU620h9ehfigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

478DEU620vrj8figs-metonymy0What are the covenant decrees ... commanded you
479DEU620m9920your son

This refers to the children of the adult people of Israel to whom Moses was speaking Yahweh's words.

480DEU621c19mfigs-metaphor0with a mighty hand
481DEU622c7l2figs-metonymy0on all his house
482DEU622k3sefigs-synecdoche0before our eyes
483DEU623atp7figs-explicit0might bring us in
484DEU624nhg8figs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. He tells them what they should tell their children about Yahweh's commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

485DEU624ye680keep

obey at all times and for a long time

486DEU625p4b10before Yahweh
487DEU625bva9figs-metonymy0this will be our righteousness
488DEU7introy1wn0
489DEU71zv16figs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

490DEU72wdj3figs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

491DEU72h8dzfigs-metaphor0gives them over to you
492DEU72s8nt0you defeat them
493DEU74y5rtfigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

494DEU74rsx40For they will

If you allow your children to marry the people from the other nations, the people from the other nations will

495DEU74x5dnfigs-metaphor0So the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against you
496DEU74nm8dfigs-you0against you
497DEU75m2rlfigs-you0you will deal ... You will break ... dash ... cut ... burn

Moses is speaking to all the Israelites here, so these words are all plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

498DEU76bdz4figs-you0General Information:

Moses tells the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

499DEU76d86kfigs-metaphor0you are a nation that is set apart

Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

500DEU76uqx6figs-idiom0that are on the face of the earth
501DEU77y5fbfigs-you0General Information:
502DEU77s7u3figs-idiom0did not set his love upon you
503DEU78j4hqfigs-metaphor0with a mighty hand
504DEU78xtl5figs-metaphor0redeemed you out of the house of bondage
505DEU78wdf10house of bondage
506DEU78u9xefigs-metonymy0hand of Pharaoh
507DEU79wd9ifigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

508DEU79ky8btranslate-numbers0for a thousand generations
509DEU710g32ifigs-idiom0repays those who hate him to their face
510DEU710xk2pfigs-litotes0he will not be lenient on whoever hates him
511DEU712v1lvfigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words. He speaks as if the Israelites are one person in verse 12 and to all of them as a group in verse 13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

512DEU713ghv30multiply you

increase the number of your people

513DEU713nmj6figs-idiom0the fruit of your body
514DEU713rl5mfigs-idiom0the fruit of your ground
515DEU713p14j0the multiplication of your cattle

your cattle so they will become many

516DEU714f2thfigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

517DEU714fiu4figs-activepassive0You will be blessed more than all other peoples
518DEU714e33afigs-litotes0there will not be a childless male or a barren female among you or among your cattle
519DEU714xr4efigs-you0among you ... your cattle
520DEU715qmw70take away from you all sickness
521DEU715x26jfigs-metaphor0none of the evil diseases ... will he put on you, but he will put them on all those who hate you
522DEU716x9kcfigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

523DEU716xbj20You will consume all the peoples

I command you to completely destroy all the people groups

524DEU716aia1figs-metonymy0your eye will not pity them
525DEU716du7u0You will not worship

never worship

526DEU716yvn8figs-metaphor0that will be a trap for you

If the people worship other gods, they will be like an animal caught in a hunter's trap, and they will be unable to escape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

527DEU717rl9vfigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

528DEU717bsr6figs-idiom0If you say in your heart
529DEU717p5tnfigs-idiom0say in your heart
530DEU717pn9gfigs-rquestion0how can I dispossess them?
531DEU717luy90dispossess them

take their land away from them

532DEU718ls4kfigs-idiom0do not be afraid
533DEU718fbw2figs-idiom0you will call to mind
534DEU719a3urfigs-synecdoche0that your eyes saw
535DEU719ph4afigs-metaphor0the mighty hand, and the outstretched arm
536DEU720xr3wfigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

537DEU720pwt40Moreover, Yahweh

And also, Yahweh

538DEU720sji20send the hornet

Possible meanings are 1) God will send actual flying insects that sting people and cause pain, or 2) God will cause the people to become terrified and want to run away.

539DEU720w9smfigs-idiom0perish from your presence
540DEU721at6h0You will not

Never

541DEU721v7bu0a great and fearsome God
542DEU722d61j0little by little

slowly

543DEU723m5infigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

544DEU723lkz5figs-idiom0give you victory over
545DEU723qmm80victory over them

victory over the armies from the other nations

546DEU723pa1h0he will greatly confuse them

he will make them so they cannot think clearly

547DEU723cpi5figs-activepassive0until they are destroyed
548DEU724v25yfigs-idiom0you will make their name perish from under heaven

The Israelites will completely destroy all the people from those nations, and in the future no one will remember them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

549DEU724q4py0stand before you
550DEU725tq89figs-you0General Information:
551DEU725y5bl0You will burn

This is a command.

552DEU725d8rc0do not covet ... trapped by it

These words add to the instruction to burn the idols.

553DEU725su6cfigs-metaphor0you will become trapped by it
554DEU725z31g0for it is an abomination to Yahweh your God
555DEU726b8dpfigs-doublet0You will utterly detest and abhor
556DEU726xs75figs-metaphor0for it is set apart for destruction
557DEU8introw4zj0

Deuteronomy 08 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Forgetting

This chapter recalls the great things that Yahweh has done for Israel and is about to do for them. This is so they do not forget him and they will continue to worship him. They must remember that Yahweh is the source of their blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])

558DEU81rbf2figs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

559DEU81zvt4figs-you0You must keep ... you may live and multiply, and go in and possess ... your fathers
560DEU82t2tjfigs-idiom0You will call to mind
561DEU82c56qtranslate-numbers0forty years
562DEU82a9m60he might humble you

he might show you how weak and sinful you are

563DEU82l3al0to know
564DEU82y8fnfigs-metonymy0what was in your heart
565DEU83aiu7figs-you0General Information:
566DEU83upj20He humbled you
567DEU83ygr40fed you with manna

gave you manna to eat

568DEU83t9befigs-synecdoche0it is not by bread alone that people live
569DEU83d9asfigs-metonymy0it is by everything that proceeds out of the mouth of Yahweh that people live
570DEU84b3h6figs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

571DEU84pr860Your clothing ... forty years
572DEU84d347translate-numbers0forty years
573DEU85fty10You will think ... God disciplines you

This continues the list of commands that begins in Deuteronomy 8:1.

574DEU85fn6ffigs-metonymy0You will think about in your heart
575DEU86j5yw0You will keep ... honor him

This continues the list of commands that begins in Deuteronomy 8:1.

576DEU87y2tjfigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

577DEU87jl8h0a land of
578DEU89gx2vfigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

579DEU89s4ftfigs-litotes0a land in which you will eat bread without lack
580DEU89s966figs-doublenegatives0where you will not go without anything
581DEU89dyk20stones are made of iron

The stones are full of iron ore. Iron is a very hard metal useful for swords and plows.

582DEU89q74l0dig copper
583DEU810cat40You will eat and be full

You will have enough food to eat until you are full

584DEU810ac1j0you will bless
585DEU811i252figs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

586DEU812g2420Connecting Statement:
587DEU812eyd50when you eat and are full

when you have enough food to eat

588DEU812ft1pfigs-metonymy0your heart will be lifted up
589DEU813vg4r0Connecting Statement:
590DEU813yd2efigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

591DEU813tyu10your herds and flocks

your herds of cattle and flocks of sheep and goats

592DEU813hl2t0multiply

increase greatly in number

593DEU813ax24figs-activepassive0all that you have is multiplied
594DEU814rus30Connecting Statement:
595DEU814en28figs-metonymy0your heart becomes lifted up
596DEU814a2g6figs-distinguish0who brought you out

Moses begins to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])

597DEU814k1ukfigs-metaphor0out of the house of bondage
598DEU815p6ka0Connecting Statement:
599DEU815x3kwfigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

600DEU815c4zsfigs-distinguish0

Moses continues to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh (Deuteronomy 8:14). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])

601DEU815da8e0who led ... who brought

Yahweh, who led ... Yahweh, who brought

602DEU815nlk70fiery serpents

poisonous snakes

603DEU815x91qfigs-personification0thirsty ground
604DEU816uzq30Connecting Statement:
605DEU816crk40He fed
606DEU816q4640to do you good
607DEU817uf8j0Connecting Statement:
608DEU817sd9ifigs-metonymy0but you may say in your heart
609DEU817g2bffigs-metonymy0My power and the might of my hand acquired all this wealth
610DEU818ftx1figs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

611DEU818nl2afigs-idiom0But you will call to mind
612DEU818g9fc0that he may establish
613DEU818i5v90that he may

so he can

614DEU818axw60establish

cause to stand or to remain

615DEU818in9j0as it is today
616DEU819sdv6figs-metaphor0walk after other gods
617DEU819u2bqfigs-you0against you ... you will
618DEU819rd160I testify against you
619DEU819umv60you will surely perish

you will certainly die

620DEU820d86jfigs-you0before you ... you perish ... you would not ... your God
621DEU820a8kh0before you

in front of you

622DEU820l83xfigs-metonymy0would not listen to the voice of Yahweh
623DEU9introid6j0

Deuteronomy 09 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's victory

This chapter assures the Israelites that it is Yahweh who will empower them to conquer the Promised Land. The Israelites will not be strong enough on their own to conquer these other nations. This victory will be Yahweh's. The people did not earn this victory, but it is Yahweh's punishment of these sinful nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

Israel's sin

Yahweh is about to punish the Canaanites for their sin. He also reminds Israel of their sin. This serves as a warning to the people of Israel. If they sin again, Yahweh will punish them too.

624DEU91iqh4figs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

625DEU91wy46figs-metonymy0Hear, Israel
626DEU91n75r0to dispossess

to take the land from

627DEU91zw1nfigs-hyperbole0fortified up to heaven
628DEU92s1tefigs-explicit0sons of the Anakim

Descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. See how you translated similar words in Deuteronomy 1:28. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

629DEU92ar68figs-rquestion0Who can stand before the sons of Anak?
630DEU93ax4lfigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

631DEU93jgy60today

Moses is speaking of the days and weeks beginning on that day, not of the time since the sun had last set.

632DEU93aj58figs-simile0like a devouring fire

Yahweh is powerful and able to destroy the armies of the other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

633DEU93neu70subdue them before you

make them weak so you can control them

634DEU94jp4rfigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

635DEU94xr9cfigs-metonymy0Do not say in your heart
636DEU94hm6e0has thrust them out

has driven the other peoples out

637DEU95bb7ifigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

638DEU95r3iqfigs-idiom0the uprightness of your heart
639DEU95e9izfigs-metonymy0so that he may make come true the word
640DEU95hb360your ancestors, to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob
641DEU96hql8figs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

642DEU97rx7gfigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

643DEU97jiv9figs-doublet0Remember and do not forget
644DEU97ze78figs-you0how you provoked Yahweh
645DEU97ldb8figs-you0you came to this place, you have been rebellious
646DEU97kd2z0to this place

This refers to the Jordan River Valley.

647DEU98rwk3figs-you0you provoked ... with you to destroy you
648DEU99bu4r0General Information:

Moses is reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past.

649DEU99icg8figs-parallelism0the tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant that Yahweh made with you
650DEU99z7w7translate-numbers0forty days and forty nights
651DEU910e2t6figs-activepassive0on them was written everything just like all the words that Yahweh announced to you
652DEU910cq6h0Yahweh announced ... out of the middle of the fire

It was as if Yahweh were a person standing in the middle of a fire and speaking with a loud voice.

653DEU910v46nfigs-abstractnouns0on the day of the assembly
654DEU911a75btranslate-numbers0forty days and forty nights
655DEU911cq34figs-parallelism0the two tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant
656DEU912n8p50your people ... have corrupted themselves
657DEU912ce69figs-metaphor0They have quickly turned aside out of the path that I commanded them
658DEU914lkr50blot out their name from under heaven
659DEU915d8yc0General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past.

660DEU916j8rb0behold
661DEU916ux9pfigs-explicit0molded for yourselves a calf

The Israelites of the earlier generation had asked Aaron to make a metal calf so they could worship it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

662DEU916bf750You had quickly turned aside out of the path that Yahweh had commanded you
663DEU917r2ah0General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.

664DEU917x4n5figs-synecdoche0I broke them before your eyes
665DEU918xf6d0lay facedown
666DEU918y3wmtranslate-numbers0forty days and forty nights
667DEU919li9n0General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past.

668DEU919vv3j0I was afraid of the anger and hot displeasure with which Yahweh was angry enough against you to destroy you
669DEU921n7ea0General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.

670DEU921wf7q0I took ... burned ... beat ... ground ... threw
671DEU921hql7figs-metonymy0your sin, the calf that you had made
672DEU922t2710General Information:

Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past.

673DEU922n8jqtranslate-names0Taberah ... Massah ... Kibroth Hattaavah

These are names of places that the people of Israel went through while they were in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

674DEU923xz230Go up

They were on low land, and the land Yahweh had told them to take was in the hills, so they had to go uphill to get to it.

675DEU923dxq9figs-metonymy0rebelled against the commandment
676DEU923bfb9figs-metonymy0listen to his voice
677DEU924r2430from the day that I knew you
678DEU925fq4v0General Information:

Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.

679DEU925tka10lay facedown before Yahweh
680DEU925j7rstranslate-numbers0forty days and forty nights
681DEU926ki6vfigs-metaphor0you have redeemed
682DEU926mct6figs-metonymy0through your greatness
683DEU926ifw2figs-metaphor0with a mighty hand
684DEU927liv50General Information:

Moses continues praying to Yahweh so that he may not destroy the people of Israel.

685DEU927hp8sfigs-idiom0Call to mind
686DEU928cc26figs-metonymy0so that the land from where you brought us
687DEU928pt4p0should say

can say

688DEU929rw92figs-doublet0by your great strength and by the display of your power

These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh's power that he used to rescue his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

689DEU10introceg60

Deuteronomy 10 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter.

This chapter focuses on retelling the great things Yahweh has done. It is a continuation of the material from the previous chapter. It is possible that this is a type of sermon or homily, where Moses is giving the people instructions.

690DEU101y2d70General Information:

Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past.

691DEU101zf2r0At that time

After I finished praying

692DEU101sa1tfigs-ellipsis0the first
693DEU101lyz60the mountain

This refers to Mount Sinai.

694DEU103v71i0General Information:

Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past.

695DEU103wt9nfigs-ellipsis0the first
696DEU103u26k0went up the mountain

went up Mount Sinai

697DEU104gjg70out of the middle of the fire

It was as if Yahweh were a person standing in the middle of a fire and speaking with a loud voice. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 9:10.

698DEU104ax1a0on the day of the assembly
699DEU105wr6b0General Information:

Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past.

700DEU105n7vn0I turned
701DEU105a3fq0came down from the mountain

came down from Mount Sinai

702DEU105tia80in the ark
703DEU106kwb8writing-background0General Information:

The writer continues the short account of where the Israelites had traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

704DEU106f4iwtranslate-names0Beeroth Bene Jaakan ... Moserah

These are names of different places the people of Israel went through while in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

705DEU106qpt10Beeroth Bene Jaakan
706DEU106l2u3figs-activepassive0there he was buried
707DEU106pv97translate-names0Eleazar

This is the name of Aaron's son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

708DEU107rc19writing-background0From there they journeyed ... a land of streams of water

This continues the background information about where the people of Israel traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

709DEU107qs9atranslate-names0Gudgodah ... Jotbathah

These are names of different places the people of Israel went through while in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

710DEU108pl1xwriting-background0General Information:

The writer begins to explain why the tribe of Levi has no inheritance in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

711DEU108p84pfigs-idiom0to stand before Yahweh to serve him
712DEU108dqs6figs-metonymy0in his name
713DEU108br5a0as today

as they are doing today

714DEU109cy1jwriting-background0

The writer finishes explaining why the tribe of Levi has no inheritance in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

715DEU109u8bffigs-explicit0no portion nor inheritance of land

The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of the promised land when they arrived there. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

716DEU109v39n0Yahweh is his inheritance
717DEU109knv8figs-you0Yahweh your God
718DEU109z9a90spoke to him

spoke to the tribe of Levi

719DEU1010hja20General Information:

Moses resumes reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.

720DEU1010c3iztranslate-ordinal0as at the first time
721DEU1010kq11translate-numbers0forty days and forty nights
722DEU1010n2kdfigs-you0destroy you
723DEU1011ydj20possess the land
724DEU1011yxy10their ancestors

This refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

725DEU1011sre90to give to them

that I would give to you, their descendants

726DEU1012wg8efigs-you0General Information:

Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

727DEU1012d3lkfigs-metonymy0Now, Israel
728DEU1012x2jwfigs-rquestion0what does Yahweh your God require of you, except to fear ... with all your soul
729DEU1012hd9pfigs-metaphor0to walk in all his ways
730DEU1012l6eafigs-metonymy0with all your heart and with all your soul
731DEU1013ct9nfigs-rquestion0to keep the commandments ... for your own good?
732DEU1014kf71figs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

733DEU1014m7ma0Behold, to

Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: to

734DEU1014n5n6figs-merism0heaven ... earth

These words show two extremes, and are combined to mean that all things everywhere belong to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

735DEU1014ifm90the heaven of heavens

This refers to the highest places in the heavens. Everything in the heavens belong to God.

736DEU1015swp3figs-you0chose you
737DEU1016g7qt0Therefore

Because of this

738DEU1016f72xfigs-metaphor0circumcise the foreskin of your heart
739DEU1017d6f40God of gods
740DEU1017z3d60Lord of masters
741DEU1017b61i0the fearsome one

the one who causes people to fear

742DEU1018u19l0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

743DEU1018rsq90He executes justice for the fatherless

Yahweh makes sure that people treat the fatherless justly

744DEU1018j7ma0fatherless

These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.

745DEU1018c95p0widow

A true widow is a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age.

746DEU1019wt1s0Therefore

Because of this

747DEU1020ra84figs-you0General Information:
748DEU1020m1qe0him will you worship

he is the one you must worship

749DEU1020zn42figs-metaphor0To him you must cling
750DEU1020t17wfigs-metonymy0by his name will you swear
751DEU1021d1ihfigs-synecdoche0which your eyes have seen
752DEU1021ltw90He is your praise
753DEU1022es8ifigs-you0General Information:
754DEU1022p41a0went down into Egypt
755DEU1022ap9ntranslate-numbers0seventy persons
756DEU1022hh5tfigs-simile0as many as the stars of the heavens
757DEU11introifg30
758DEU111sgh50General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

759DEU111e1ef0always keep

always obey

760DEU112s2x10who have not known nor have they seen

who have not experienced

761DEU112vs5pfigs-metaphor0his mighty hand, or his outstretched arm
762DEU113b9xu0in the midst of Egypt

in Egypt

763DEU113ss4yfigs-metonymy0to all his land
764DEU114hk2q0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the adult Israelites who were old enough to see what God did in Egypt.

765DEU114put10Neither did they see what he did

Neither did your children see what Yahweh did

766DEU114py3h0the army of Egypt

the Egyptian soldiers

767DEU114f5e50they pursued after you
768DEU115xr7g0to this place

This means the plain of the Jordan River Valley where Moses is speaking to them before they cross over into Canaan.

769DEU116c93d0General Information:

Moses continues to remind the adults to teach their children God's mighty deeds.

770DEU116krb7figs-explicit0Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab

Moses is referring to an event in the past when Dathan and Abiram rebelled against Moses and Aaron. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

771DEU116i1ygtranslate-names0Dathan ... Abiram ... Eliab

These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

772DEU116c61u0son of Reuben

descendant of Reuben

773DEU116b3l3figs-personification0earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up

Yahweh causing the land to split open so that the people fell in is spoken of as if the land had a mouth and the ability to swallow people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

774DEU116gy9p0every living thing that followed them

This refers to their servants and animals.

775DEU116vi6h0in the middle of all Israel

This means all the people of Israel witnessed what happened to Dathan, Abiram, their families, and their possessions.

776DEU117z5clfigs-synecdoche0But your eyes have seen
777DEU118in5y0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

778DEU118b5ga0possess the land

take the land

779DEU118z7fm0where you are going over to possess it
780DEU119h376figs-metaphor0prolong your days
781DEU119gfv3figs-idiom0a land flowing with milk and honey
782DEU1110nbu8figs-metonymy0watered it with your foot
783DEU1110kfl70garden of herbs
784DEU1111wn5tfigs-personification0drinks water of the rain of the heavens
785DEU1112a1x8figs-metonymy0the eyes of Yahweh your God are always upon it
786DEU1112sxh3figs-merism0from the beginning of the year to the end of the year
787DEU1113l1bu0It will happen, if

This means that what Yahweh promises will happen if the Israelites obey his commands.

788DEU1113r5mf0that I command
789DEU1113tfk6figs-idiom0with all your heart and with all your soul
790DEU1114y9qx0I will give the rain of your land in its season

I will cause it to rain on your land in the proper season

791DEU1114b1z30I will give
792DEU1114w91t0the former rain and the latter rain
793DEU1116vz1g0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

794DEU1116j2pw0Pay attention to yourselves
795DEU1116f3wjfigs-metonymy0so that your heart is not deceived
796DEU1116a9spfigs-metaphor0you turn aside and worship other gods
797DEU1117zgj8figs-metaphor0so that the anger of Yahweh is not kindled against you
798DEU1117a2a4figs-metaphor0so that he does not shut up the heavens so that there will be no rain, and the land will not yield its fruit
799DEU1118q8ihfigs-metaphor0lay up these words of mine in your heart and soul
800DEU1118h8da0these words of mine

these commands that I have given you

801DEU1118i4plfigs-metonymy0your heart and soul
802DEU1118qb2sfigs-metonymy0bind them
803DEU1118y3rx0as a sign on your hand

as something to make you remember my laws

804DEU1118gj3rfigs-metonymy0let them be as frontlets between your eyes
805DEU1118d4s20frontlets

ornaments a person wears on the forehead

806DEU1119yv8nfigs-merism0when you sit in your house, when you walk on the road, when you lie down, and when you get up
807DEU1120d44d0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

808DEU1120f5zw0You will write them on the doorposts of your house and on your city gates

See how you translated these words in Deuteronomy 6:9.

809DEU1121s3fjfigs-activepassive0that your days and the days of your children may be multiplied
810DEU1121pi2p0to your ancestors

This refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

811DEU1121kg7qfigs-simile0to give them for as long as the heavens are above the earth
812DEU1122qq4s0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

813DEU1122q3vs0For if you diligently keep all these commandments that I am commanding you, so as to do them

For if you are careful to do everything that I have commanded you

814DEU1122bh45figs-metaphor0walk in all his ways

How Yahweh wants a person to live and behave is spoken of as if they are Yahweh's ways or roads. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh's ways or roads. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

815DEU1122e7rkfigs-metaphor0to cling to him
816DEU1123zr2cfigs-metonymy0all these nations from before you, and you will dispossess nations
817DEU1123u3150larger and mightier than yourselves

Although Israel's army is smaller and weaker than the people groups living in Canaan, Yahweh will enable the people of Israel to defeat them.

818DEU1124v5q10General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

819DEU1124x2pifigs-synecdoche0Every place where the sole of your foot will tread
820DEU1124u8910from the river, the Euphrates River

from the Euphrates River

821DEU1125imb90No man will be able to stand before you
822DEU1125zn8ifigs-metaphor0Yahweh your God will lay the fear of you and the terror of you upon all the land that you tread on
823DEU1125r396figs-doublet0the fear of you and the terror of you
824DEU1125w58wfigs-metonymy0upon all the land that you tread on
825DEU1126l2v10General Information:

Here Moses summarizes the two options the people of Israel could choose. They could choose to obey and receive God's blessing or they could choose to disobey and receive God's punishment.

826DEU1126tc5k0Look

Pay attention

827DEU1126d2d5figs-metaphor0I set before you today a blessing and a curse
828DEU1127lzg6figs-abstractnouns0the blessing, if you obey
829DEU1128ei5pfigs-metaphor0but turn aside from the way that I command you today, to go after other gods
830DEU1128u5cq0other gods that you have not known

This refers to the gods that other people groups worship. The Israelites know Yahweh because he has revealed himself to them and they have experienced his power.

831DEU1129m6sp0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

832DEU1129zsz3figs-metaphor0you will set the blessing on Mount Gerizim, and the curse on Mount Ebal
833DEU1129t5wjtranslate-names0Mount Gerizim ... Mount Ebal

These are names of mountains on the west side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

834DEU1130k2bvfigs-rquestion0Are they not beyond the Jordan ... Moreh?
835DEU1130b5qt0beyond the Jordan

on the west side of the Jordan River

836DEU1130pgr70west of the western road

in the west

837DEU1130rq9ctranslate-names0over against Gilgal
838DEU1130l23vtranslate-names0oaks of Moreh

These are sacred trees near Gilgal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

839DEU1131ke820General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

840DEU1132k55e0all the statutes and the decrees

These are the statutes and decrees Moses will give in Deuteronomy 12-26.

841DEU1132h7se0I set before you today

This does not mean these are new. Moses is reviewing the same statutes and decrees that he gave 40 years earlier.

842DEU1132jh1qfigs-metaphor0I set before you
843DEU12intromt760

Deuteronomy 12 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Covenant with Moses

This chapter is a continuation of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. The reasons for these food restrictions are not always known.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

Israel and Yahweh

In the ancient Near East, when nations conquered other nations, they often added the gods of the conquered nation into their collection of gods they worshiped. It was rare to worship only one God. Israel was to be known for worshiping Yahweh and Yahweh alone. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])

844DEU121dsl20General Information:

Moses is still talking to the people of Israel.

845DEU121pm4g0you will keep

you must obey

846DEU121bb6rfigs-idiom0all the days that you live on the earth
847DEU122vl2v0You will surely destroy

You must destroy

848DEU122hx1lfigs-metonymy0the nations that you will dispossess
849DEU123v1nf0General Information:

Moses is still talking to the people of Israel.

850DEU123ucw60You must break down their altars
851DEU123ra630dash in pieces
852DEU123cj66figs-metonymy0destroy their name
853DEU123axu80that place

This refers to each place where the nations worshiped their gods.

854DEU124c44f0You will not worship Yahweh your God like that

You should not worship Yahweh your God like those nations worshiped their gods

855DEU125h2cmfigs-metonymy0the place that Yahweh your God will choose out of all your tribes to put his name
856DEU125x9cv0it is there that you will go

They will go to worship where God decides.

857DEU126g357figs-synecdoche0the offerings presented by your hand
858DEU126cdg40your offerings for vows, your freewill offerings
859DEU126n2pg0the firstborn of your herds and flocks

God requires that the people give him every firstborn male of their livestock.

860DEU127tvl10It is there

This refers to the place that Yahweh will choose for the children of Israel to worship.

861DEU127a9rdfigs-synecdoche0rejoice about everything that you have put your hand to
862DEU128jea60You will not do all the things that we are doing here today
863DEU128qri6figs-metaphor0now everyone is doing whatever is right in his own eyes
864DEU129b2t6figs-abstractnouns0to the rest
865DEU129d8refigs-metaphor0to the inheritance that Yahweh your God is giving you
866DEU1210fj6s0live in the land

This refers to the land of Canaan.

867DEU1210p9tvfigs-metaphor0in the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit

God giving the land of Canaan to the people of Israel is spoken of as if he were a father giving an inheritance to his children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

868DEU1210d8yv0he will give you rest from all your enemies round about

he will give you peace from all your enemies around you

869DEU1211v237figs-synecdoche0the offerings presented by your hand
870DEU1211qts60all your choice offerings for vows

all your voluntary offerings to fulfill vows

871DEU1212x3cu0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

872DEU1212h8ry0rejoice before Yahweh

rejoice in the presence of Yahweh

873DEU1212m7isfigs-synecdoche0the Levites who are within your gate
874DEU1212d42ifigs-metaphor0because he has no portion or inheritance among you

The fact that Yahweh would not give any of the land to the Levites is spoken of as if a father were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

875DEU1212b6hqfigs-metonymy0he has no portion
876DEU1213em7g0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

877DEU1213q4490Pay attention to yourself

Be careful

878DEU1213drj50every place that you see
879DEU1214h4by0but it is at the place that Yahweh will choose

The burnt offerings are to be made at the tabernacle. Yahweh himself would choose where the tabernacle would be located.

880DEU1215kks6figs-explicit0However, you may kill and eat animals within all your gates

The people could only kill animals as sacrifices in the place that Yahweh would choose. They could kill animals for food anywhere they wanted. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

881DEU1215lje2figs-synecdoche0within all your gates
882DEU1215pen3figs-metaphor0the unclean ... persons

A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

883DEU1215y3f4figs-metaphor0the clean persons

A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

884DEU1215u3a5translate-unknown0the gazelle and the deer
885DEU1216fvd4figs-explicit0But you will not eat the blood

The blood represents life and God did not allow the people to eat the blood along with the meat. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

886DEU1217x27w0General Information:

Moses describes to the people all the special offerings and sacrifices that are to be made at the tabernacle.

887DEU1217di9lfigs-synecdoche0within your gates
888DEU1217aau9figs-synecdoche0nor that of the offering you present with your hand
889DEU1218nia10General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.

890DEU1218cbh70you will eat them

you will eat your offerings

891DEU1218eev40before Yahweh
892DEU1218icp1figs-synecdoche0everything to which you put your hand
893DEU1219z7fg0Pay attention to yourself

Be careful

894DEU1219tz4cfigs-doublenegatives0that you do not forsake
895DEU1220h1vp0enlarges your borders
896DEU1220j573figs-quotesinquotes0you say, 'I will eat flesh,' because of your desire to eat meat
897DEU1220fee8figs-synecdoche0as your soul desires
898DEU1221t8nl0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

899DEU1221q6z1figs-metonymy0chooses to put his name
900DEU1221e7g3figs-synecdoche0within your gates
901DEU1221asm3figs-synecdoche0as your soul desires
902DEU1222kw43figs-activepassive0Like the gazelle and the deer are eaten
903DEU1222qhx10gazelle and the deer

These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated these in Deuteronomy 12:15.

904DEU1222sff5figs-metaphor0the unclean ... persons

A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

905DEU1222y8v4figs-metaphor0the clean persons

A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

906DEU1223msu5figs-metaphor0the blood is the life
907DEU1223vr63figs-metonymy0you will not eat the life with the meat
908DEU1225l199figs-metaphor0what is right in the eyes of Yahweh
909DEU1227wp19figs-activepassive0the blood of your sacrifices will be poured out
910DEU1227tf6lfigs-explicit0you will eat the flesh
911DEU1228j39e0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

912DEU1228gnj30Observe and listen to all these words that I command you

Carefully listen to and obey everything that I am commanding you

913DEU1228zga7figs-synecdoche0that it may go well with you and with your children after you
914DEU1228y6tlfigs-doublet0when you do what is good and right
915DEU1228ti37figs-metaphor0what is good and right in the eyes of Yahweh
916DEU1229csu7figs-metaphor0cuts off the nations

Yahweh destroying the people groups in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

917DEU1229fzv1figs-metonymy0the nations
918DEU1229c22b0when you go in to dispossess them, and you dispossess them

when you take everything from them

919DEU1230m6t90pay attention to yourself

be careful

920DEU1230n455figs-metaphor0that you are not trapped into following them ... trapped into investigating their gods, into asking
921DEU1230w8wjfigs-metaphor0not trapped into following them

The Israelites worshiping idols as the people groups of Canaan worship idols is spoken of as if the Israelites were following behind the other people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

922DEU1230j6jffigs-activepassive0after they are destroyed from before you
923DEU1230rz9cfigs-quotesinquotes0into asking, 'How do these nations worship their gods? I will do the same.'
924DEU1232zxp60Do not add to it or take away from it

They are not to create more laws nor are they to ignore laws that God has given them.

925DEU13introe2ze0

Deuteronomy 13 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Worshiping other gods

The people were required to listen to Yahweh's prophets unless they were encouraging the people to worship other gods. The punishment for anyone leading the people to worship other gods was death. These instructions were to keep Israel's worship of Yahweh pure. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]])

926DEU131z8ea0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

927DEU131ei8s0If there arises among you
928DEU131d2pw0a dreamer of dreams

This is someone who receives messages from God through dreams.

929DEU131ml5cfigs-doublet0a sign or a wonder

These two words have similar meanings and refer to various miracles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

930DEU132b2590comes about
931DEU132nj6ufigs-quotations0of which he spoke to you and said, 'Let us go after other gods, that you have not known, and let us worship them,'
932DEU132nsf6figs-metaphor0Let us go after other gods
933DEU132mcy50go after other gods, that you have not known
934DEU133z2lg0do not listen to the words of that prophet, or to that dreamer of dreams

do not listen to what that prophet say nor to what the dreamer of dreams says

935DEU133fp72figs-metonymy0with all your heart and with all your soul
936DEU134gw9xfigs-metaphor0You will walk after Yahweh your God
937DEU134s4p9figs-metonymy0obey his voice
938DEU134ugl8figs-metaphor0cling to him
939DEU135d5ixfigs-activepassive0will be put to death
940DEU135h1ydfigs-abstractnouns0he has spoken rebellion
941DEU135ttf1figs-metaphor0who redeemed you out of the house of bondage
942DEU135z5nsfigs-metonymy0the house of bondage
943DEU135tbl6figs-metaphor0draw you out of the way in which Yahweh your God commanded you to walk
944DEU135nf2bfigs-nominaladj0So put away the evil from among you
945DEU136g89u0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

946DEU136ync7figs-idiom0wife of your bosom
947DEU136qme9figs-metonymy0friend who is to you like your own soul
948DEU137rbz2figs-quotations0any of the gods of the peoples ... other end of the earth.'
949DEU137g6lt0that are round about you

that are around you

950DEU137g5tjfigs-merism0from the one end of the earth to the other end of the earth
951DEU138g9gf0You must not give in to him

Do not agree to what he wants

952DEU138rg47figs-synecdoche0you must not permit your eye to pity him
953DEU138k3lz0you must not spare him or conceal him

you must not show him mercy or hide from others what he has done

954DEU139akr4figs-synecdoche0your hand will be the first on him to put him to death
955DEU139vu5lfigs-synecdoche0the hand of all the people
956DEU1310nt8afigs-metaphor0he has tried to draw you away from Yahweh
957DEU1310cdm1figs-metonymy0out of the house of bondage
958DEU1311ns29figs-explicit0All Israel will hear and fear

It is implied that when the people hear about the person who was executed, they will be afraid to act like he did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

959DEU1312j6370General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

960DEU1313di920Some wicked fellows have gone out from among you
961DEU1313tq34figs-quotations0have drawn away the inhabitants of their city and said, 'Let us go and worship other gods that you have not known.'
962DEU1313wb69figs-metaphor0have drawn away the inhabitants of their city

A person causing someone else to stop obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person has caused the other person to physically turn and leave Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

963DEU1314mc5ufigs-doublet0examine the evidence, make search, and investigate it thoroughly

All of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Moses is emphasizing that they must carefully find out what truly happened at the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

964DEU1314jbu3figs-activepassive0that such an abominable thing has been done among you
965DEU1315bq2mfigs-synecdoche0with the edge of the sword
966DEU1316nsc20all the spoil
967DEU1316cj8w0heap of ruins

pile of ruins

968DEU1316t2u6figs-activepassive0it must never be built again
969DEU1317qe75figs-metaphor0None of those things set apart for destruction must stick in your hand
970DEU1317brm9figs-idiom0must stick in your hand
971DEU1317d934figs-metaphor0Yahweh will turn from the fierceness of his anger
972DEU1317vyv70to your fathers
973DEU1318zgj9figs-metonymy0you are listening to the voice of Yahweh
974DEU1318gjk4figs-metaphor0that which is right in the eyes of Yahweh your God
975DEU14introepl70

Deuteronomy 14 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Law of Moses

This chapter is part of the law of Moses, which is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])

Clean animals

There are animals which the law considered to be clean and unclean. The people were not allowed to eat the unclean animals. Scholars are uncertain about the reasons for the animals to be considered to be clean or unclean. The result of these food restrictions was a nation that was different than the nations surrounding it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])

976DEU141yca20General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

977DEU141c6vr0You are the people
978DEU141qkn4translate-symaction0Do not cut yourselves, nor shave any part of your face for the dead

These were ways the people groups living in Canaan showed that they were grieving over people who had died. Moses is telling the people of Israel not to act like them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

979DEU141mp180nor shave any part of your face

nor shave the front of your head

980DEU142qr9z0you are a nation ... has chosen you
981DEU142ksd50For you are a nation ... surface of the earth

See how you translated these words in Deuteronomy 7:6.

982DEU142l42yfigs-metaphor0you are a nation that is set apart to Yahweh your God
983DEU142z5blfigs-parallelism0Yahweh has chosen you to be a people for his own possession

This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. They both mean that the people of Israel belong to Yahweh in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

984DEU142nyn70a people for his own possession
985DEU142twf50more than all peoples that are on the surface of the earth

out of all the people groups in the world

986DEU143p2a30You must not eat any abominable thing

The people of Israel were not supposed to eat anything that God said was unfit for eating.

987DEU145pui30the deer, the gazelle, the roebuck
988DEU145gg4e0the gazelle

This is wild animal with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 12:15.

989DEU145jxa4translate-unknown0the roebuck

a type of deer (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

990DEU145nud70ibex, and the antelope
991DEU145byk8translate-unknown0ibex

a type of antelope (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

992DEU146tr2g0that parts the hoof
993DEU146wwj10chews the cud

This means the animal brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again.

994DEU147t8p3translate-unknown0rabbit

This is a small animal with long ears that usually lives in holes in the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

995DEU147t6estranslate-unknown0rock badger

This is a small animal that lives in rocky places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

996DEU147c17ffigs-metaphor0they are unclean to you

Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

997DEU148v9dkfigs-metaphor0The pig is unclean to you

Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

998DEU149xv7h0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

999DEU149w8p60Of these things that are in water you may eat

You may eat these kinds of animals that live in the water

1000DEU149j2pb0fins

the thin, flat part which the fish uses to move through the water

1001DEU149r9ak0scales

the small plates that cover the body of the fish

1002DEU1410eh5wfigs-metaphor0they are unclean to you

Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1003DEU1411w535figs-metaphor0All clean birds

An animal that God says is fit for his people to eat is spoken of as if the animal were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1004DEU1412fqa4translate-unknown0eagle ... vulture ... osprey

These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1005DEU1413d7v7translate-unknown0red kite ... black kite ... falcon

These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1006DEU1414n72wtranslate-unknown0raven

A bird that either is awake at night or feeds on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1007DEU1417z53dtranslate-unknown0cormorant

A bird that is either awake at night or feeds on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1008DEU1418h1j8translate-unknown0stork ... heron, the hoopoe

These are types of birds that eat small animals and lizards. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1009DEU1418r1s40the bat

animal with wings and furry body which is awake mainly at night and eats insects and rodents

1010DEU1419jr8q0All winged, swarming things

This means all flying insects that move in large groups.

1011DEU1419inc1figs-metaphor0are unclean to you

Animals that God says are unfit for his people to eat are spoken of as if the animals are physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1012DEU1419x6tifigs-activepassive0they must not be eaten
1013DEU1420kx6ufigs-metaphor0all clean flying things

Animals that God says are fit for his people to eat are spoken of as if the animals are physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1014DEU1421h6ny0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1015DEU1421jv9x0anything that dies of itself

This means an animal that dies a natural death.

1016DEU1421z8y9figs-metaphor0For you are a nation that is set apart to Yahweh your God
1017DEU1422exv50tithe all the yield of your seed

This means they are to give one part out of every ten equal parts from their crops.

1018DEU1422q6110year after year

every year

1019DEU1423n5kz0before Yahweh

in the presence of Yahweh

1020DEU1424zu5k0carry it
1021DEU1425gn1x0you will convert the offering into money

you will sell your offering for money

1022DEU1425q4rb0tie up the money in your hand, and go

put the money in a bag and take it with you

1023DEU1426m22p0for whatever you desire

for whatever you want

1024DEU1426qi5i0before Yahweh

in the presence of Yahweh

1025DEU1427kt4yfigs-doublenegatives0do not forsake him
1026DEU1427wll4figs-explicit0for he has no portion nor inheritance with you

The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of land as their inheritance. Their share of the inheritance was the honor of serving Yahweh as his priests. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1027DEU1427lpl1figs-metaphor0no portion nor inheritance with you

God not giving land to the Levites is spoken of as if he were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1028DEU1428v3cbtranslate-numbers0every three years you will present all the tithe of your produce

Once every 3 years the Israelites were to store their tithes within their own towns so that it would be used to provide for the Levites, orphans, widows and foreigners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

1029DEU1428nf4wfigs-synecdoche0within your gates
1030DEU1429mju1figs-metaphor0because he has no portion nor inheritance with you

God not giving any land to the Levites is spoken of as if he were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1031DEU1429qi4c0fatherless

These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.

1032DEU1429v7bc0widow

This is a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age.

1033DEU1429zfp5figs-synecdoche0in all the work of your hand that you do
1034DEU15intron3mh0

Deuteronomy 15 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Forgiveness of Debt

This chapter gives instructions about the necessity to regularly forgive debt among their fellow countryman. This prevented people from being trapped by their poverty.

Justice

As Yahweh's chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. This chapter gives commands that encouraged justice by protecting the poor, servants and slaves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])

1035DEU151s3150General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1036DEU151my7ztranslate-numbers0seven years
1037DEU151ym2l0you must cancel debts

forgive every thing which people still owe you

1038DEU152u4xx0This is the manner of the release

This is how to cancel the debts

1039DEU152wti80creditor

a person who lends money to other people

1040DEU152y5djfigs-doublet0his neighbor or his brother
1041DEU152l5imfigs-activepassive0because Yahweh's cancellation of debts has been proclaimed
1042DEU153xv49figs-idiom0your hand must release
1043DEU154cxl8figs-nominaladj0no poor
1044DEU154t3us0the land that he gives

This refers to the land of Canaan.

1045DEU154hsd1figs-metaphor0he gives you as an inheritance to possess

The land that Yahweh is giving to his people is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Yahweh is giving them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1046DEU155x28xfigs-metonymy0if only you diligently listen to the voice of Yahweh your God
1047DEU156f39vfigs-ellipsis0you will lend ... you will not borrow
1048DEU156p426figs-metonymy0to many nations ... over many nations
1049DEU156p9hifigs-parallelism0you will rule over many nations, but they will not rule over you
1050DEU157e7tf0If there is a poor man
1051DEU157yi5v0one of your brothers

one of your fellow Israelites

1052DEU157cw85figs-synecdoche0within any of your gates
1053DEU157s1y1figs-metaphor0you must not harden your heart
1054DEU157y4akfigs-metaphor0nor shut your hand from your poor brother
1055DEU158x1h1figs-metaphor0but you must surely open your hand to him
1056DEU159s6u9figs-metonymy0not to have a wicked thought in your heart, saying
1057DEU159fc71figs-explicit0The seventh year, the year of release, is near

It is implied that because the year of release will happen soon, the person thinking this will be reluctant to help a poor person since it is likely that the poor person will not have to pay him back. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1058DEU159x9aatranslate-ordinal0The seventh year
1059DEU159fm5t0the year of release

the year to cancel debts

1060DEU159k5exfigs-metaphor0is near
1061DEU159n5bx0so that you will not be stingy in regard to your poor brother and give him nothing

so that you are not stubborn and refuse to give anything to your fellow Israelite

1062DEU159ia9s0cry out to Yahweh

shout to Yahweh for help

1063DEU159qs880it would be sin for you

Yahweh will consider what you have done to be sinful

1064DEU1510r7srfigs-synecdoche0your heart must not be sorry
1065DEU1510ew7nfigs-synecdoche0in all that you put your hand to
1066DEU1511yhm6figs-doublenegatives0For the poor will never cease to exist in the land
1067DEU1511tq3pfigs-nominaladj0For the poor
1068DEU1511vi74figs-quotesinquotes0I command you and say, 'You must surely open your hand ... in your land.'
1069DEU1511l4vmfigs-metaphor0open your hand to your brother, to your needy, and to your poor
1070DEU1511v4zqfigs-doublet0your brother, to your needy, and to your poor
1071DEU1512g1va0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1072DEU1512s6rsfigs-gendernotations0If your brother
1073DEU1512s9n7figs-activepassive0is sold to you
1074DEU1512xs42translate-numbers0six years
1075DEU1512m72htranslate-ordinal0seventh year
1076DEU1513f4ylfigs-metaphor0you must not let him go empty-handed
1077DEU1514t5ik0liberally provide for him

generously give to him

1078DEU1515hx9pfigs-you0remember that you were a slave
1079DEU1515r2nhfigs-metaphor0that Yahweh your God redeemed you

Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people from slavery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1080DEU1516dd3qfigs-quotesinquotes0if he says to you, 'I will not go away from you,'
1081DEU1516g927figs-metonymy0your house
1082DEU1517dml60then you must take an awl and thrust it through his ear to a door

then you will place his head near a wooden door frame in your house, and then put the point of the awl through his earlobe into the wood

1083DEU1517b9krtranslate-unknown0awl

a sharp, pointed tool used to make a hole (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1084DEU1517re8m0for life
1085DEU1518in4nfigs-litotes0It must not seem difficult for you to let him go free from you
1086DEU1518s7d60given twice the value of a hired person

This means the owner only had to pay have the amount for this slave to work than he would for a person he hired to do a job.

1087DEU1518xdz60a hired person

This is a person who works for pay.

1088DEU1519fl680General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1089DEU1519f3xu0shear

to cut off wool or hair

1090DEU1520c1pf0before Yahweh

in the presence of Yahweh

1091DEU1520w1lv0year by year
1092DEU1521t6e50lame

crippled or physically disabled

1093DEU1522qx8ifigs-synecdoche0within your gates
1094DEU1522rqw8figs-metaphor0the unclean ... persons

A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1095DEU1522b1cnfigs-metaphor0the clean persons

A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1096DEU1522lxt50a gazelle or a deer

These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated these in Deuteronomy 12:15.

1097DEU1523bw7p0you must not eat its blood
1098DEU16introfgs70

Deuteronomy 16 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Festivals

This chapter retells the specific commands about how to celebrate the Passover. This recalled the Passover in Egypt, which was an important event in the formation of the nation of Israel. There are several other important festivals described in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])

Life in Israel

As Yahweh's chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. Also, Yahweh must be the only God in Israel. He alone is to be worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])

1099DEU161v2as0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1100DEU161q8mqtranslate-hebrewmonths0month of Aviv

This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It marks when God brought the people of Israel out of Egypt. It is during the last part of March and the first part April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1101DEU161l33gfigs-explicit0keep the Passover
1102DEU162f3xcfigs-metonymy0You will sacrifice the Passover
1103DEU163fgj80with it
1104DEU163du99translate-numbers0seven days
1105DEU163m6rjfigs-explicit0the bread of affliction
1106DEU163df5ufigs-explicit0out of the land of Egypt in haste
1107DEU163zi9r0Do this all the days of your life

Do this as long as you live

1108DEU163k8n3figs-idiom0call to mind
1109DEU164jvu8figs-activepassive0No yeast must be seen among you
1110DEU164t1u80within all your borders
1111DEU164uc3utranslate-ordinal0first day
1112DEU165s93mfigs-metonymy0You may not sacrifice the Passover
1113DEU165x2avfigs-synecdoche0within any of your city gates
1114DEU166u7ep0at the going down of the sun

at sunset

1115DEU167f6n30You must roast it

You must cook it

1116DEU168pjy1translate-numbers0six days
1117DEU168sj92translate-ordinal0seventh day
1118DEU168xq7m0solemn assembly

special gathering

1119DEU169mq430General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1120DEU169y8w1translate-numbers0count seven weeks
1121DEU169bxy9figs-idiom0from the time you begin to put the sickle to the standing grain
1122DEU169w3cltranslate-unknown0sickle

a tool with a curved blade used for cutting grass, grain, and vines (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1123DEU1610pjc9figs-synecdoche0with the contribution of a freewill offering from your hand that you will give
1124DEU1610n1v10according as Yahweh your God has blessed you
1125DEU1611vju9figs-genericnoun0your son, your daughter, your male servant, your female servant, the Levite
1126DEU1611h2jmfigs-synecdoche0within your city gates
1127DEU1611g2r8figs-genericnoun0the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow
1128DEU1611kg4w0fatherless

These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.

1129DEU1611i5b30widow

This means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age.

1130DEU1612ku33figs-idiom0call to mind
1131DEU1613fy5u0Festival of Shelters
1132DEU1613s5xwtranslate-numbers0seven days
1133DEU1614uv5ffigs-synecdoche0within your gates
1134DEU1615ec920the festival

the Festival of Shelters

1135DEU1615c3hyfigs-synecdoche0all the work of your hands
1136DEU1616g2xh0all your males must appear before Yahweh

Females were allowed, but Yahweh did not require that they come. The men could represent their whole families.

1137DEU1616cxc20must appear before Yahweh

must come and stand in the presence of Yahweh

1138DEU1616pku8figs-litotes0No one will appear before Yahweh empty-handed
1139DEU1618g2as0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1140DEU1618dc3d0You must make judges
1141DEU1618vxu2figs-synecdoche0within all your city gates
1142DEU1618we4mfigs-activepassive0they will be taken
1143DEU1618reh90judge the people with righteous judgment

judge the people fairly

1144DEU1619c8iqfigs-metaphor0You must not take justice away by force
1145DEU1619lqn9figs-you0You must not
1146DEU1619f47gfigs-metaphor0for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and perverts the words of the righteous
1147DEU1619mk49figs-metaphor0a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise

A wise person who accepts a bribe so that he does not speak against something evil is spoken of as if he becomes blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1148DEU1619pu4gfigs-nominaladj0the wise
1149DEU1619m8gcfigs-nominaladj0perverts the words of the righteous
1150DEU1620xm5vfigs-metaphor0follow after justice, after justice alone
1151DEU1620b78efigs-metaphor0inherit the land that Yahweh your God is giving you

Receiving the land that God is giving to the people is spoken of as if the people are inheriting the land from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1152DEU1621ec3tfigs-you0You must not
1153DEU1622mw2wfigs-distinguish0any sacred stone pillar, which Yahweh your God hates
1154DEU1622s7sn0sacred stone pillar

This refers to pillars that are idols used to worship false gods.

1155DEU17introa3z40

Deuteronomy 17 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Witnesses

In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])

King

Israel was not to have a king because Yahweh was their king. Knowing the sinfulness of the people, Yahweh anticipated that one day Israel would have a king. Therefore, this passage gives commands about their king prophetically. They were not allowed to collect chariots because they were a sign of earthly power and the king was to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1156DEU171a78k0General Information:

Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.

1157DEU171d6zp0in which is any blemish
1158DEU171y2920that would be an abomination to Yahweh

that would be disgusting to Yahweh

1159DEU172ljz8figs-activepassive0If there is found
1160DEU172liy9figs-synecdoche0within any of your city gates
1161DEU172f7d1figs-metonymy0what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God
1162DEU172yhj20transgresses his covenant

disobeys his covenant

1163DEU174pz4efigs-activepassive0if you are told about this
1164DEU174fqc1figs-abstractnouns0you must make a careful investigation
1165DEU174b585figs-activepassive0such an abomination has been done in Israel
1166DEU176rul7figs-metonymy0At the mouth of two witnesses, or three witnesses, will he who must die be put to death
1167DEU176d4v8figs-metonymy0but at the mouth of only one witness he must not be put to death
1168DEU177zj7lfigs-synecdoche0The hand of the witnesses must be the first to put him to death, and afterward the hand of all the people
1169DEU177c151figs-nominaladj0you will remove the evil from among you
1170DEU178q5bw0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1171DEU178j7yz0If a matter arises
1172DEU178ahf50one person's right and another person's right
1173DEU179i57nfigs-abstractnouns0you will seek their advice
1174DEU179xe5ffigs-abstractnouns0they will give you the verdict
1175DEU1711n3uqfigs-metaphor0Follow the law they teach you
1176DEU1711a1r9figs-metaphor0Do not turn aside from what they tell you, to the right hand or to the left
1177DEU1712l4fz0in not listening to the priest ... or in not listening to the judge

and does not obey the priest ... or does not obey the judge

1178DEU1712u7c6figs-nominaladj0you will put away the evil from Israel
1179DEU1713xm49figs-explicit0All the people must hear and fear, and act arrogantly no more

It is implied that when the people hear about the person who was executed for acting arrogantly, they will be afraid and not act arrogantly themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1180DEU1714t6n80General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1181DEU1714wkl6figs-go0When you have come to the land
1182DEU1714x3gqfigs-quotesinquotes0then you say, 'I will set a king over myself, like all the nations that are round about me,'
1183DEU1714n7lyfigs-pronouns0I will set a king over myself ... round about me
1184DEU1714gm2mfigs-metaphor0set a king over myself

Giving someone the authority to rule as king in Israel is spoken of as if the people were setting the person in a place above them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1185DEU1714c8nt0all the nations that are round about me

all the surrounding nations

1186DEU1714ie3yfigs-metonymy0all the nations
1187DEU1715x8fl0someone from among your brothers

one of your fellow Israelites

1188DEU1715q7pxfigs-doublet0a foreigner, who is not your brother, over yourself
1189DEU1716pr1wfigs-quotesinquotes0for Yahweh had said to you, 'You will never return that way again.'
1190DEU1717zj8gfigs-synecdoche0so that his heart does not turn away
1191DEU1718tt3zfigs-metonymy0When he sits on the throne of his kingdom
1192DEU1718h6x60he must write for himself in a scroll a copy of this law
1193DEU1718xh2p0from the law that is before the priests, who are Levites

from the copy of the law that the Levitical priests keep

1194DEU1719f877figs-parallelism0so as to keep all the words of this law and these statutes, to observe them

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the king must obey all of God's law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1195DEU1720b7e5figs-synecdoche0so that his heart is not lifted up above his brothers
1196DEU1720idm3figs-metaphor0so that he does not turn away from the commandments, to the right hand or to the left
1197DEU1720sa87figs-metaphor0prolong his days
1198DEU18introu6pf0

Deuteronomy 18 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Levites

As Yahweh's chosen priests, the priest were to trust in Yahweh to provide for them. He provided for them through the rest of the Israelites. Yahweh was their inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])

Messiah

This chapter is one of the first prophecies about the promised, coming Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])

1199DEU181ztw10General Information:

Moses continues telling the people what Yahweh wants them to do.

1200DEU181u386figs-metaphor0will have no portion nor inheritance with Israel
1201DEU181z6rx0no portion
1202DEU182h6ef0among their brothers
1203DEU182pd8kfigs-metaphor0Yahweh is their inheritance
1204DEU183bn850the inner parts

This is the stomach and intestines.

1205DEU184g5u80you must give him

you must give to the priest

1206DEU185py8rfigs-metonymy0has chosen him
1207DEU185g5j5figs-metonymy0to stand to serve in the name of Yahweh
1208DEU185ep9kfigs-synecdoche0him and his sons forever
1209DEU186we5sfigs-idiom0desires with all his soul
1210DEU187p9jvfigs-metonymy0then he must serve in the name of Yahweh his God
1211DEU187a94d0who stand there before Yahweh

who serve in the sanctuary in the presence of Yahweh

1212DEU188c8rp0his family's inheritance

This is what the priest would inherit from his father.

1213DEU189gvb6figs-go0When you have come
1214DEU189b17wfigs-metonymy0you must not learn to observe the abominations of those nations
1215DEU1810ey79figs-activepassive0There must not be found among you anyone
1216DEU1810hta70anyone who uses divination ... tells fortunes ... reads signs found in a cup ... engages in witchcraft
1217DEU1810ugk50reads signs found in a cup

One who reads the shapes and figures in a cup and who predicts future events from what they can see

1218DEU1811g9dh0any charmer ... anyone who conjurs up spirits ... one who casts spells ... who talks with spirits of the dead
1219DEU1812ufu70driving them out
1220DEU1814aj59figs-metonymy0For these nations
1221DEU1814q8g10these nations that you will dispossess

these nations whose land you will take

1222DEU1815y6370General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1223DEU1815pp4pfigs-metaphor0Yahweh your God will raise up for you a prophet

Yahweh appointing a person to be a prophet is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift the person up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1224DEU1815m2rv0one of your brothers

one of your fellow Israelites

1225DEU1816v3y70This is what you asked
1226DEU1816iz2m0at Horeb on the day of the assembly

on the day you gathered together at Horeb

1227DEU1816pp7bfigs-quotesinquotes0on the day of the assembly, saying, 'Let us not hear again the voice of Yahweh our God, nor see this great fire anymore, or we will die.'
1228DEU1816l7c6figs-synecdoche0Let us not hear again the voice of Yahweh our God
1229DEU1818t95sfigs-metaphor0I will raise up a prophet for them

Yahweh appointing a person to be a prophet is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift the person up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1230DEU1818d8wb0from among their brothers

from among their fellow Israelites

1231DEU1818p717figs-metaphor0I will put my words in his mouth

Yahweh telling the prophet what to say is spoken of as if Yahweh would put words in the prophet's mouth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1232DEU1818xl1v0speak to them

speak to the people of Israel

1233DEU1819pt28figs-metonymy0does not listen to the words of mine that he speaks in my name
1234DEU1819n8mr0require it of him
1235DEU1820y6dm0General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking.

1236DEU1820pl2e0who speaks a word arrogantly
1237DEU1820ip16figs-metonymy0in my name
1238DEU1820x88t0a word

a message

1239DEU1820f7vufigs-metonymy0who speaks in the name of other gods
1240DEU1821ryk5figs-metonymy0This is what you must say in your heart
1241DEU1821gbx10How will we recognize a message that Yahweh has not spoken?
1242DEU1822law30General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking.

1243DEU1822kzp4figs-metonymy0a prophet speaks in the name of Yahweh
1244DEU1822ys2k0the prophet has spoken it arrogantly

the prophet has spoken this message without my authority

1245DEU19intror53s0
1246DEU191rka30General Information:

Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.

1247DEU191av28figs-metaphor0When Yahweh your God cuts off the nations

Yahweh destroying the people who live in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1248DEU191jh1zfigs-metonymy0the nations

This represents the people groups that live in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1249DEU191y55w0those whose land Yahweh your God is giving you

those nations who were living in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you

1250DEU191kl510come after them
1251DEU192l8jetranslate-numbers0select three cities
1252DEU193ty5vfigs-explicit0You must build a road

They were to build roads so that it would be easy for people to travel to these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1253DEU193g91qfigs-explicit0divide the borders of your land into three parts

It is implied that one of the cities they choose must be in each part of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1254DEU193psa1figs-metaphor0the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit

Yahweh giving the land to the people of Israel is spoken of as if the people are inheriting the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1255DEU194inz60This is the instruction
1256DEU194v7rcfigs-ellipsis0concerning the one who kills another
1257DEU194cez80and flees from there
1258DEU194k7eb0the one who unintentionally kills his neighbor
1259DEU194uvu6figs-explicit0without hating him at the time of the accident
1260DEU195qb1kfigs-hypo0For example, if a man goes into the forest ... to cut wood

The author gives a hypothetical situation where a person accidentally kills another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1261DEU195i3cb0the ax head slips off of the handle

The iron part of the ax comes off the wooden handle.

1262DEU195wkv10strikes his neighbor and kills him

This means the head of the ax hits and kills the neighbor.

1263DEU195l3mrfigs-explicit0to one of these cities and save his life

It is implied that the family of the dead man may try to get revenge. The man who killed him can flee to one of these cities, and the people there would protect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1264DEU196y7gu0General Information:

Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.

1265DEU196qq6pfigs-metonymy0the avenger of blood
1266DEU196xgi5figs-idiom0the one who took a life
1267DEU196xc46figs-metaphor0in the heat of his anger
1268DEU196ugg90strike him and kill him

And the blood avenger strikes and kills the one who had killed the other person

1269DEU196z4dg0though that man did not deserve to die, since he had not hated his neighbor in the past

though that man did not deserve to die since he accidentally killed the other person and was not his enemy, and he had not planned to hurt the man

1270DEU198bj180General Information:

Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.

1271DEU198ge7t0enlarges your borders

gives you more land to possess

1272DEU198d84s0as he has sworn to your ancestors to do

like he promised your ancestors that he would do

1273DEU199a3eh0if you keep all these commandments to do them

if you obey all these commandments

1274DEU199jg6efigs-metaphor0to always walk in his ways
1275DEU199yw53translate-numbers0then you must add three more cities for yourself
1276DEU199v9kytranslate-numbers0besides these three
1277DEU1910pz9nfigs-activepassive0Do this so that innocent blood is not shed
1278DEU1910nw4xfigs-metonymy0innocent blood is not shed
1279DEU1910g3td0in the midst of the land
1280DEU1910xf54figs-metaphor0Yahweh your God is giving you for as an inheritance

The land that Yahweh is giving the people of Israel is spoken of as if it were an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1281DEU1910jrj7figs-metaphor0so that no bloodguilt may be on you
1282DEU1910swl5figs-metonymy0bloodguilt
1283DEU1910p59g0may be on you

This means that if a family member kills an innocent person, then all the people of Israel will be guilty for letting that happen.

1284DEU1911vzh10his neighbor
1285DEU1911c5nefigs-explicit0lies in wait for him
1286DEU1911k2etfigs-idiom0rises up against him
1287DEU1911fl1g0mortally wounds him so that he dies
1288DEU1912y76n0must send and bring him back from there

must send someone to get him and bring him back from the city that he escaped to

1289DEU1912w6c5figs-idiom0turn him over
1290DEU1912wm9pfigs-metonymy0into the hand of the responsible relative
1291DEU1912mu7q0the responsible relative

This is the relative of the person who was killed. This relative is responsible for punishing the murderer.

1292DEU1912k5250he may die
1293DEU1913nzj3figs-synecdoche0Your eye must not pity him
1294DEU1913bf7gfigs-metonymy0you must eradicate the bloodguilt from Israel
1295DEU1913m9xlfigs-metonymy0from Israel
1296DEU1914ri320General Information:

Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.

1297DEU1914il44figs-explicit0You must not remove your neighbor's landmark
1298DEU1914z3yt0they set in place

that your ancestors placed

1299DEU1914aq1b0a long time ago

Moses means that when the people have lived in the land for a long time, they should not move the borders that their ancestors made when they first took the land.

1300DEU1914xa6ifigs-metaphor0in your inheritance that you will inherit, in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you to possess
1301DEU1915d18z0General Information:

Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.

1302DEU1915qy580One sole witness
1303DEU1915j3frfigs-idiom0must not rise up against a man
1304DEU1915am590in any matter that he sins

anytime that a man does something bad

1305DEU1915hv5mfigs-metonymy0at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses
1306DEU1915b9c6figs-activepassive0must any matter be confirmed
1307DEU1916nhi50Suppose that
1308DEU1916ece20an unrighteous witness

a witness who intends to harm someone else

1309DEU1916zqg3figs-idiom0rises up against any man to testify against him of wrongdoing
1310DEU1917e77t0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

1311DEU1917l9ti0the ones between whom the controversy exists

the ones who disagree with one another

1312DEU1917xh66figs-explicit0must stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judges

This means the two persons must go to the sanctuary where Yahweh's presence dwells. At the sanctuary are priests and judges who have the authority to make legal decisions for Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1313DEU1917d8nffigs-idiom0stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judges
1314DEU1918cr9r0The judges must make diligent inquiries

The judges must work very hard to determine what happened

1315DEU1919b5ya0then must you do to him, as he had wished to do to his brother

then you must punish the false witness in the same way as he wanted you to punish the other man

1316DEU1919p5aafigs-nominaladj0you will remove the evil from among you
1317DEU1920a23d0Then those who remain

When you punish the false witness, the rest of the people

1318DEU1920n7hcfigs-explicit0will hear and fear
1319DEU1920wqw90commit no longer any such evil

never again do something evil like that

1320DEU1921z5fmfigs-synecdoche0Your eyes must not pity
1321DEU1921nz4xfigs-ellipsis0life will pay for life ... foot for foot

Here the phrases are shortened because the meaning is understood. It means the people must punish a person in the same way that he harmed another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])

1322DEU20introqq8m0
1323DEU201x89z0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1324DEU201ei7a0When you march out to battle against your enemies

When you go out to fight in a war against your enemies

1325DEU201r5j1figs-explicit0see horses, chariots

People considered an army with many horses and chariots to be very strong. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1326DEU201ta4q0he who brought you up out of the land of Egypt
1327DEU202a8vr0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1328DEU202qi760speak to the people

speak to the soldiers of Israel

1329DEU203fy5ifigs-parallelism0Do not let your hearts faint. Do not fear or tremble. Do not be afraid of them

These four expressions all mean the same thing and strongly emphasize that they are not to be afraid. If your language does not have four ways to express this concept, you may use less than four. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1330DEU203e17dfigs-metonymy0Do not let your hearts faint
1331DEU204mdt8figs-metaphor0Yahweh your God is the one who is going with you to fight for you against your enemies

Yahweh defeating the enemies of the people of Israel is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight along with the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1332DEU204fvb10to save you

to give you victory

1333DEU205dxx20General Information:

Moses says what the army officers must say to the people of Israel before a battle.

1334DEU205i6ssfigs-explicit0The officers must speak

One of the officers' jobs was to decide who could leave the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1335DEU205x2xn0What man is there ... Let him go and return to his house

If any soldier here has built a new house and has not dedicated it, he should go back to his house

1336DEU205ti4cfigs-hypo0so that he does not die in battle and another man dedicates it
1337DEU206yru70General Information:

Moses continues describing situations that allow a man to leave the military.

1338DEU206vr9v0Is there anyone who has planted ... Let him go home

If any soldier here has a new vineyard, but has not yet harvested its grapes, he should go back to his house

1339DEU206tal6figs-hypo0so he will not die in battle and another man enjoy its fruit
1340DEU207n1rz0What man is there who is engaged to marry a woman ... Let him go home

If any soldier here has promised to marry a woman, but has not yet married her, he should go back to his house

1341DEU207c3bqfigs-hypo0so that he does not die in battle and another man marries her
1342DEU208q7ui0General Information:

Moses continues describing situations that allow a man to leave the military.

1343DEU208bjh60What man is there who is fearful or fainthearted? Let him go and return to his house

If any soldier here is afraid and not brave, he should go back to his house

1344DEU208xs8nfigs-doublet0fearful or fainthearted
1345DEU208vra8figs-idiom0his brother's heart does not melt like his own heart
1346DEU208j8t4figs-metonymy0brother's heart ... his own heart
1347DEU209bl8n0they must appoint commanders over them

the officers must appoint people to be commanders and to lead the people of Israel

1348DEU2010tgm20General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1349DEU2010gc68figs-metonymy0When you march up to attack a city
1350DEU2010bde30make those people an offer of peace

give the people in the city a chance to surrender

1351DEU2011yd6lfigs-metonymy0open their gates to you
1352DEU2011lru9figs-activepassive0all the people who are found in it
1353DEU2011pf8b0must become forced labor for you

must become your slaves

1354DEU2012c8y1figs-metonymy0But if it makes no offer of peace
1355DEU2014hl2w0the little ones

the children

1356DEU2014h4ld0all its spoil

all the valuable things

1357DEU2014yev90booty

These are the valuable things which people who win a battle take from the people they attacked.

1358DEU2015yvw9figs-metonymy0all the cities
1359DEU2016n8lj0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1360DEU2016wi9afigs-metaphor0In the cities of these peoples that Yahweh your God is giving you as an inheritance

The cities in Canaan that Yahweh is giving to the people is spoken of as if the cities were the people's inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1361DEU2016ql5jfigs-litotes0you must save alive nothing that breathes
1362DEU2017v49s0you must completely destroy them

you must completely destroy these people groups

1363DEU2018kl2b0Do this so that they

Destroy these nations so that they

1364DEU2018ya8k0to act in any of their abominable ways ... their gods

to act in abominable ways like the people in these nations have done with their gods

1365DEU2018i63g0If you do, you will sin against Yahweh your God

If you act like these people, you will sin against Yahweh your God

1366DEU2019lcz90General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1367DEU2019sqm50wage war

fight in a war

1368DEU2019sg5n0by wielding an ax against them

by cutting down the trees with an ax

1369DEU2019m55ufigs-rquestion0For is the tree of the field a man whom you should besiege?
1370DEU2020gis70you know are not trees for food

you know are not trees that grow fruit to eat

1371DEU2020czc40siege works

These are tools and structures, such as ladders and towers, that are needed to lay siege to a city.

1372DEU2020g9nyfigs-idiom0until it falls
1373DEU2020fdg1figs-metonymy0it falls
1374DEU21introqfb60

Deuteronomy 21 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Elders

Older men were required to lead the people of Israel and help to administer justice. These men would function as judges, which would later become a more official position. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])

Peace in Israel

The rules and instructions in this chapter help to ensure peace in Israel. This is not a military peace. Instead, it is about establishing peace within Israel and among the people.

1375DEU211g61z0General Information:

Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.

1376DEU211z641figs-activepassive0If someone is found killed
1377DEU211iqh70lying in the field

The dead person is lying in the field.

1378DEU211w5dtfigs-activepassive0it is not known who has attacked him
1379DEU212p5xl0they must measure to the cities

they must measure the distance to the cities

1380DEU212kj57figs-activepassive0him who has been killed
1381DEU213qle90has not borne the yoke

has not worn a yoke

1382DEU214c4aqfigs-idiom0running water
1383DEU214cc7wfigs-activepassive0a valley that has been neither plowed nor sown
1384DEU215lut70General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1385DEU215k6ht0must come forward

must come to the valley

1386DEU215f1vj0for Yahweh your God has chosen them to serve him

because the priests are the ones whom Yahweh your God has chosen to serve him

1387DEU215et1ifigs-you0Yahweh your God
1388DEU215gjj40give blessing

bless the people of Israel

1389DEU215dtv4figs-metonymy0in the name of Yahweh
1390DEU215d9ju0Yahweh and to decide every case of dispute and assault by their word

Yahweh, and they will be the ones who settle all disagreements and cases of violence

1391DEU216m3db0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1392DEU216sd84figs-activepassive0the heifer whose neck was broken
1393DEU217f8zq0they must answer to the case

they must testify to Yahweh about this case

1394DEU217hzz3figs-synecdoche0Our hands have not shed this blood
1395DEU217p19hfigs-synecdoche0neither have our eyes seen it
1396DEU218n8mmfigs-you0General Information:
1397DEU218zi6qfigs-metaphor0whom you have redeemed

Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people from slavery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1398DEU218h6erfigs-idiom0do not put guilt for innocent bloodshed in the midst of your people Israel
1399DEU218ay2yfigs-activepassive0Then the bloodshed will be forgiven them
1400DEU219jt760you will put away the innocent blood from your midst

you will not be guilty any more of killing an innocent person

1401DEU219xm7qfigs-metaphor0what is right in the eyes of Yahweh
1402DEU2110wt6lfigs-you0General Information:
1403DEU2110l9ii0you go out

you who are soldiers go out

1404DEU2111bd8u0you have a desire for her
1405DEU2111s5ud0wish to take her for yourself as a wife

want to marry her

1406DEU2112jv5u0she will shave her head

she will shave the hair off of her head

1407DEU2112z3hf0cut her nails

cut her fingernails

1408DEU2113vnh6figs-you0General Information:
1409DEU2113b55vfigs-explicit0she will take off the clothes she was wearing
1410DEU2113b4yffigs-activepassive0when she was taken captive
1411DEU2113r21s0a full month
1412DEU2113r54xfigs-euphemism0After that you may lie with her
1413DEU2114ft5hfigs-explicit0But if you take no delight in her
1414DEU2114m4xj0let her go where she wishes

let her go wherever she wants to go

1415DEU2114p6ul0because you have humiliated her

because you shamed her by sleeping with her and then sending her away

1416DEU2115s91j0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1417DEU2115v2gpfigs-activepassive0one is loved and the other is hated
1418DEU2115jg5efigs-activepassive0if the firstborn son is of her that is hated
1419DEU2116f8q70then on the day that the man

when the man

1420DEU2116ym4g0the man causes his sons to inherit what he possesses

the man gives his possessions to his sons as an inheritance

1421DEU2116zf5n0he may not make the son of the beloved wife the firstborn before the son of the hated wife

he may not treat the son of the beloved wife as if he were the firstborn instead of the son of the hated wife

1422DEU2117jb7c0a double portion

twice as much

1423DEU2117njj9figs-idiom0that son is the beginning of his strength
1424DEU2118a2e90General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1425DEU2118m9czfigs-metonymy0who will not obey the voice of his father or the voice of his mother
1426DEU2118k2qr0they correct him
1427DEU2119tfk20must lay hold on him and bring him out

must force him to come out

1428DEU2120xgq4figs-you0General Information:
1429DEU2120l2170This son of ours

Our son

1430DEU2120v2fhfigs-metonymy0he will not obey our voice
1431DEU2120pp950a glutton

a person who eats and drinks too much

1432DEU2120a7nu0a drunkard

a person who drinks too much alcohol and gets drunk often

1433DEU2121f1vt0stone him to death with stones

throw stones at him until he dies

1434DEU2121y2jqfigs-nominaladj0you will remove the evil from among you
1435DEU2121eax8figs-metonymy0All Israel
1436DEU2121dpr6figs-explicit0will hear of it and fear
1437DEU2122bv2tfigs-you0General Information:
1438DEU2122nh6m0If a man has committed a sin worthy of death

If a man has done something so bad that you need to punish him by killing him

1439DEU2122h9vxfigs-activepassive0he is put to death
1440DEU2122hfw90you hang him on a tree
1441DEU2123y9lb0bury him the same day

bury him on the same day as when you execute him

1442DEU2123ztq8figs-activepassive0for whoever is hanged is cursed by God
1443DEU2123i54a0do not defile the land

by leaving something God has cursed hanging in the tree

1444DEU22introhk1i0

Deuteronomy 22 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Order in Israel

The instructions in this chapter help to maintain order in this chapter. The people are to have integrity. The people's sin will result in serious punishment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

Virgin woman

If a woman was not a virgin, she was not considered to be worth marrying. The man who slept with her was responsible for providing for her since she will not be able to find a husband to provide for her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1445DEU221b8pafigs-you0General Information:
1446DEU221j8sq0go astray

walk away from its owner

1447DEU221z51nfigs-idiom0hide yourself from them
1448DEU222k4ri0If your fellow Israelite is not near to you

If your fellow Israelite lives far away from you

1449DEU222x6el0or if you do not know him

or if you do not know who the owner of the animal is

1450DEU222lk810it must be with you until he looks for it

you must keep the animal with you until its owner comes looking for it

1451DEU223ez2bfigs-you0General Information:
1452DEU223aj2b0You must do the same with his donkey

You must return his donkey in the same way

1453DEU223xyi90you must do the same with his garment

you must return his clothing in the same way

1454DEU223hk97figs-idiom0you must not hide yourself
1455DEU224zc1c0you must surely help him to lift it up again

you must help your fellow Israelite lift the animal back up onto its feet

1456DEU225pz6w0General Information:

Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.

1457DEU225jd6y0what pertains to a man

men's clothing

1458DEU226ciu1figs-you0General Information:
1459DEU226jzz50bird's nest

a home that birds make for themselves out of sticks, grass, plants, and mud

1460DEU226j3em0with young ones or eggs in it

with baby birds or eggs in the nest

1461DEU226d5x90the mother sitting on the young

the mother bird is sitting on the baby birds

1462DEU227f4izfigs-metaphor0prolong your days
1463DEU228yyd6figs-you0General Information:
1464DEU228bt5j0a railing for your roof

a low fence around the edge of the roof so people will not fall off the roof

1465DEU228f2cyfigs-metonymy0so that you do not bring blood on your house
1466DEU228g9kr0if anyone falls from there

if anyone falls from the roof because you did not make a railing

1467DEU229c3ahfigs-you0General Information:
1468DEU229de7hfigs-metonymy0so that the whole harvest is not confiscated by the holy place
1469DEU229yx660the yield of the vineyard

the fruit that grows in the vineyard

1470DEU2211x3xx0wool

soft, curly hair that grows on a sheep

1471DEU2211a4tftranslate-unknown0linen

thread made from the flax plant (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1472DEU2212f6fsfigs-you0General Information:
1473DEU2212dlr40fringes

threads that are bound together and hang from the end of each corner of the cloak

1474DEU2212r2vr0the cloak

a long garment that a person wears over his other clothes

1475DEU2213ej5s0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1476DEU2213bv6zfigs-euphemism0he goes in to her
1477DEU2214ir9k0then accuses her of shameful things

then accuses her of having slept with someone before she was married

1478DEU2214qkl1figs-abstractnouns0puts a bad reputation on her
1479DEU2214pd58figs-euphemism0but when I came near to her
1480DEU2214l34f0I found no proof of virginity in her
1481DEU2215m57e0General Information:

Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.

1482DEU2215k5i1figs-abstractnouns0must take proof of her virginity
1483DEU2216vy460General Information:

Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.

1484DEU2217i7jufigs-explicit0he has accused her of shameful things
1485DEU2217m954figs-abstractnouns0I did not find in your daughter the proof of virginity
1486DEU2217bhe3figs-abstractnouns0But here is the proof of my daughter's virginity
1487DEU2217sdd9figs-explicit0Then they will spread the garment out before the elders of the city
1488DEU2218q13n0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1489DEU2219c6dg0they must fine him

they must make him pay as a punishment

1490DEU2219j3h6translate-bmoney0one hundred shekels
1491DEU2219njg80give them to the father of the girl

give the money to the father of the girl

1492DEU2219q46pfigs-abstractnouns0has caused a bad reputation for a virgin of Israel
1493DEU2219w6zh0he may not send her away

never allow him to divorce her

1494DEU2219sb61figs-idiom0during all his days
1495DEU2220u7al0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1496DEU2220b2ml0But if this thing is true
1497DEU2220h9vvfigs-activepassive0that the proof of virginity was not found in the girl
1498DEU2220ut1jfigs-abstractnouns0the proof of virginity
1499DEU2221u35w0then they must bring out the girl

then the elders must bring out the girl

1500DEU2221tr690stone her to death with stones

throw stones at her until she dies

1501DEU2221r68j0because she has committed a disgraceful action in Israel

because she has done a disgraceful thing in Israel

1502DEU2221lq2i0to act as a harlot in her father's house

acting like a harlot while living in her father's house

1503DEU2221n3u5figs-nominaladj0you will remove the evil
1504DEU2222tr9pfigs-you0General Information:
1505DEU2222gj36figs-activepassive0If a man is found
1506DEU2222jwc2figs-euphemism0lying with
1507DEU2222td330and you will remove

in this way you will remove

1508DEU2223a6yjfigs-you0General Information:
1509DEU2223gh340engaged to a man

who is promised to marry a man

1510DEU2223qw6xfigs-euphemism0lies with her
1511DEU2224pa9sfigs-you0take ... and stone

These commands are addressed to Israel as a group and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

1512DEU2224y57q0take both of them

then you must bring both the girl and the man who slept with her

1513DEU2224imu50because she did not cry out

because she did not call for help

1514DEU2224h5rbfigs-explicit0because he violated his neighbor's wife
1515DEU2224h8jhfigs-nominaladj0you will remove the evil from among you
1516DEU2225bbb70the engaged girl

a girl whose parents have agreed to let her marry a certain man, but she has not married him yet

1517DEU2225g61lfigs-euphemism0lies with her
1518DEU2225y33y0then only the man who lies with her must die

then you must only kill the man who lay with her

1519DEU2226x3q20there is no sin worthy of death in the girl

you are not to punish her by killing her for what she did

1520DEU2226xrs60For this case is like when a man attacks his neighbor and kills him

Because this situation is like the situation when somebody attacks another person and kills him

1521DEU2227qqe50For he found her in the field

Because the man found the girl working in the field

1522DEU2228s17p0but who is not engaged

but whose parents have not promised another man that she will marry him

1523DEU2228i4csfigs-euphemism0lies with her
1524DEU2228m9ahfigs-activepassive0if they are discovered
1525DEU2229tr9ztranslate-bmoney0fifty shekels of silver
1526DEU2229yb82figs-idiom0He may not send her away during all his days
1527DEU2230hh8bfigs-explicit0must not take his father's wife as his own
1528DEU23introrn7c0

Deuteronomy 23 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

The assembly of Yahweh

This was probably the corporate worship of Yahweh, when the people would come together to worship him.

Racial superiority

Yahweh viewed Israel as superior to the other nations of Canaan. In many cultures, this may be seen as immoral. It must be remembered that the instructions of this chapter are very remote from the modern world. These people groups were always sinful and idolatrous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

1529DEU231r8v90man injured by crushing or cutting off

man whose private body parts someone has crushed or cut off

1530DEU231z8kbfigs-idiom0may enter the assembly of Yahweh
1531DEU232j67e0illegitimate child

Possible meanings are 1) a child born to parents who committed incest or adultery or 2) a child born to a prostitute.

1532DEU232eh16translate-ordinal0as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants
1533DEU232i3u20none of them

none of these descendants

1534DEU233zk3jfigs-idiom0may not belong to the assembly of Yahweh
1535DEU233upu4translate-ordinal0as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants
1536DEU234sk15figs-explicit0they did not meet you with bread and with water
1537DEU234l814figs-you0against you ... curse you
1538DEU235nd5kfigs-you0General Information:
1539DEU235zpa9figs-idiom0would not listen
1540DEU235ag3p0turned the curse into a blessing for you

had him bless you and not curse you

1541DEU236nk420You must never seek their peace or prosperity
1542DEU236nxp6figs-idiom0during all your days
1543DEU237erl6figs-you0General Information:
1544DEU237pb1s0You must not detest an Edomite

Do not hate an Edomite

1545DEU237p79b0for he is your brother

because he is your relative

1546DEU237alf80you must not abhor an Egyptian

do not hate an Egyptian

1547DEU238iwm4translate-ordinal0The descendants of the third generation that are born to them may belong to the assembly of Yahweh
1548DEU239ffs3figs-you0When you march out as an army against your enemies, then you must keep yourselves
1549DEU239v59w0against your enemies

to fight against your enemies

1550DEU239m73w0keep yourselves from every evil thing

keep yourselves away from all bad things

1551DEU2310fmm7figs-euphemism0any man who is unclean because of what happened to him at night
1552DEU2312myh9figs-you0General Information:
1553DEU2313pw1i0you will have something among your tools to dig with

you should have a tool that you can use to dig with

1554DEU2313sn2ifigs-euphemism0when you squat down to relieve yourself
1555DEU2313k6ti0you must dig with it

you must dig a hole with the tool

1556DEU2313mq5j0cover up what has come out from you

cover up your excrement

1557DEU2314j9zn0so that he may not see any unclean thing among you

so that Yahweh may not see any unclean thing among you

1558DEU2315ba2ufigs-you0General Information:
1559DEU2315cfk6figs-explicit0a slave who has escaped from his master
1560DEU2316c3m80Let him live with you

Let the slave live among your people

1561DEU2317kr1efigs-you0General Information:
1562DEU2317cmz6figs-euphemism0cultic prostitute ... among any of the daughters ... among the sons

Possible meanings are that Moses 1) openly forbids women and men to perform sexual acts as part of temple service or 2) uses a euphemism to forbid women and men to perform sexual acts to receive money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])

1563DEU2318i3pv0You must not bring the wages of a prostitute ... into the house

A woman who earns money as a prostitute must not bring that money ... into the house

1564DEU2318cdx20a dog

a man who allows men to have sex with him for money

1565DEU2318p7wu0into the house of Yahweh your God

into the temple

1566DEU2318nqe50for any vow

to fulfill a vow

1567DEU2318dw4f0both these

the wages of a female prostitute and of a male prostitute.

1568DEU2319ad32figs-you0General Information:
1569DEU2319f1z20lend on interest

to lend to somebody and force that person to pay back more than was lent

1570DEU2319z4pg0interest of money ... anything that is lent on interest

you must not charge interest when you lend somebody money, food, or anything else

1571DEU2320ubn8figs-idiom0all that you put your hand to
1572DEU2321nbs8figs-you0General Information:
1573DEU2321q8a90you must not be slow in fulfilling it

you must not take a long time to fulfill the vow

1574DEU2321cns10for Yahweh your God will surely require it of you

because Yahweh your God will blame you and punish you if you do not fulfill your vow

1575DEU2322g92kfigs-explicit0But if you will refrain from making a vow, it will be no sin for you
1576DEU2323d5bwfigs-idiom0That which has gone out from your lips
1577DEU2323mp5l0according as you have vowed to Yahweh your God

whatever you have vowed to Yahweh your God that you will do

1578DEU2323cj720anything that you have freely promised with your mouth

anything that people have heard you promise to do because you wanted to do it

1579DEU2323qm3v0with your mouth

so that people heard you say it

1580DEU2324gy1xfigs-you0General Information:
1581DEU2324wy4l0you may eat as many grapes as you desire

then you may enjoy eating grapes until you are full

1582DEU2324ris3figs-explicit0but do not put any in your basket
1583DEU2325em5k0When you go into your neighbor's ripe grain

When you walk through your neighbor's field where there is grain growing

1584DEU2325v1t50you may pluck the heads of grain with your hand

then you may eat the kernels of grain with your hand

1585DEU2325jv7v0but do not put a sickle to your neighbor's ripe grain

but do not cut down your neighbor's ripe grain and take it with you

1586DEU2325q13q0sickle

a sharp tool that farmers use to harvest wheat

1587DEU24introl5h30
1588DEU241fn1d0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1589DEU241t3lrfigs-doublet0When a man takes a wife and marries her
1590DEU241a5kifigs-synecdoche0if she finds no favor in his eyes
1591DEU241bk830because he has found some unsuitable thing in her

because for some reason he has decided that he does not want to keep her

1592DEU241t5b80he must write her a certificate of divorce

he must give his wife an official paper saying that they are not married anymore

1593DEU242s8m80she may go and be another man's wife

she may go and marry another man

1594DEU243i2hqfigs-you0General Information:
1595DEU243x5th0If the second husband hates her

If the second husband decides that he hates the woman

1596DEU243n5zv0certificate of divorce

This is an official paper saying that the man and woman are not married anymore. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 24:1.

1597DEU243fwe10puts it into her hand

gives it to the woman

1598DEU244pjf5figs-explicit0after she has become impure
1599DEU244wx6ufigs-personification0You must not cause the land to become guilty
1600DEU245k6dj0General Information:

Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.

1601DEU245kq760When a man takes a new wife

When a man is newly married to a woman

1602DEU245e825figs-activepassive0neither may he be commanded to go on any forced duty
1603DEU245r7e90he will be free to be at home

he will be free to live at home

1604DEU246ug4c0mill

a tool for making flour by grinding grain in between two heavy discs of stone

1605DEU246uas90upper millstone

the top disc of stone in a mill

1606DEU246sp1ufigs-metonymy0for that would be taking a person's life as a pledge
1607DEU247pj12figs-you0General Information:
1608DEU247q93tfigs-idiom0If a man is found kidnapping
1609DEU247mk1d0kidnapping

using physical force to take an innocent person away from his home and imprison him

1610DEU247zk840any of his brothers from among the people of Israel

any of his fellow Israelites

1611DEU247e6gc0that thief must die

then other Israelites should kill that thief as a punishment for what he did

1612DEU247jx4afigs-nominaladj0you will remove the evil from among you
1613DEU248xl5c0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1614DEU248s2slfigs-you0Take heed ... you carefully observe
1615DEU248a4y70Take heed regarding any plague of leprosy
1616DEU248g4nufigs-activepassive0every instruction given to you which the priests, the Levites, teach you
1617DEU248bq6ffigs-you0teach you ... you will act
1618DEU248ha1s0as I commanded them, so you will act

you must make sure that you do exactly what I have commanded them

1619DEU248gr6s0commanded them
1620DEU249dz97figs-you0Call to mind what Yahweh your God
1621DEU249svp3figs-you0you were coming out
1622DEU249rhd1figs-idiom0Call to mind
1623DEU249ue240as you were coming out of Egypt

during the time when you were leaving Egypt

1624DEU2410g9z2figs-you0General Information:
1625DEU2410p9qp0When you make your neighbor any kind of loan

When you loan something to your neighbor

1626DEU2410dgw30to fetch his pledge

to take his pledge

1627DEU2410t4620his pledge

This refers to what he has promised that he would give you if he did not pay back the loan.

1628DEU2411l4zm0You will stand outside

You should wait outside his house

1629DEU2412igs8figs-you0General Information:
1630DEU2412p99v0you must not lie down to sleep with his pledge in your possession
1631DEU2412ub2f0his pledge

This refers to what he has promised that he would give you if he did not pay back the loan. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 24:10.

1632DEU2413ak4z0restore to him the pledge

give him back what he has given you to show that he will pay back the loan

1633DEU2413b8d7figs-explicit0so that he may sleep in his cloak and bless you
1634DEU2413rg780cloak
1635DEU2413ju2d0it will be righteousness for you before Yahweh your God

Yahweh your God will approve of the way you handled this matter

1636DEU2414wp93figs-you0General Information:
1637DEU2414w8gq0You must not oppress a hired servant

You must not treat a hired servant poorly

1638DEU2414lbh80hired servant

a person who gets paid daily for his work

1639DEU2414siq5figs-doublet0poor and needy

These two words have similar meanings and emphasize that this is a person who cannot help himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

1640DEU2414pkc6figs-synecdoche0within your city gates
1641DEU2415msa80Each day you must give him his wage

You should give the man the money he earns every single day

1642DEU2415en53figs-idiom0the sun must not go down on this unsettled matter
1643DEU2415qhi5figs-explicit0for he is poor and is counting on it
1644DEU2415e1ry0he does not cry out against you to Yahweh

he does not call out to Yahweh and ask him to punish you

1645DEU2416f9w8figs-activepassive0The parents must not be put to death for their children
1646DEU2416dm6qfigs-activepassive0neither must the children be put to death for their parents
1647DEU2416kpm3figs-activepassive0everyone must be put to death for his own sin
1648DEU2417jt5pfigs-you0General Information:
1649DEU2417v5c5figs-metaphor0You must not use force to take away the justice that is due the foreigner or the fatherless
1650DEU2417p5g10fatherless

This refers to children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.

1651DEU2417e6gpfigs-explicit0nor take the widow's cloak as a pledge
1652DEU2418w91cfigs-idiom0call to mind
1653DEU2419x6d4figs-you0General Information:
1654DEU2419t9e20When you reap your harvest in your field

When you cut down the grain in your field

1655DEU2419im2p0an omer of grain
1656DEU2419nzd1figs-ellipsis0it must be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widow
1657DEU2419xe9hfigs-synecdoche0in all the work of your hands
1658DEU2420e142figs-ellipsis0When you shake your olive tree
1659DEU2420e66f0you must not go over the branches again

do not pick every single olive from the tree

1660DEU2420e3tnfigs-ellipsis0it will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widow
1661DEU2421qg17figs-you0General Information:
1662DEU2421h98g0What is left over will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow

The grapes that you do not pick will be for the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow to pick

1663DEU2421qsd7figs-genericnoun0for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow
1664DEU2422jte9figs-idiom0call to mind
1665DEU25introe9vi0
1666DEU251kk1l0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1667DEU252m44yfigs-activepassive0If the guilty man deserves to be beaten
1668DEU252b3kifigs-activepassive0be beaten in his presence
1669DEU252iku90with the ordered number of blows, as was his crime

the number of times he has ordered because of the bad deed he did

1670DEU253ytf30General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1671DEU253e1n2translate-numbers0The judge may give him forty blows
1672DEU253p5e20but he may not exceed that number

but the judge may not order them to beat him more than 40 times

1673DEU253n2km0for if he should exceed that number and beat him with many more blows

because if the judge orders them to beat him many more than 40 times

1674DEU253l8jufigs-activepassive0then your fellow Israelite would be humiliated before your eyes
1675DEU253s8b7figs-synecdoche0humiliated before your eyes
1676DEU254zw1w0You must not muzzle the ox

You must not put something over the mouth of an ox

1677DEU254jy420when he treads out the grain

while he separates the grain from the chaff by walking on it or dragging heavy wood over it

1678DEU255w7si0General Information:

Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.

1679DEU255a1gx0If brothers live together
1680DEU255e3vxfigs-activepassive0then the wife of the dead man must not be married off to someone
1681DEU255y2p8figs-euphemism0shall go in to her
1682DEU255j4zw0do the duty of a husband's brother to her

do what the brother of a dead husband is supposed to do

1683DEU256tf4hfigs-metonymy0will succeed in the name of that man's dead brother
1684DEU256d4l7figs-metonymy0so that his name will not perish from Israel
1685DEU257clc20General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1686DEU257hf36figs-explicit0must go up to the gate to the elders
1687DEU257v965figs-metonymy0refuses to raise up for his brother a name
1688DEU257d9aj0he will not perform the duty of a husband's brother to me

he will not do what a husband's brother is supposed to do and marry me

1689DEU258sx4h0I do not wish to take her

I do not wish to marry her

1690DEU259wrp90General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1691DEU259d6jx0must come up to him in the presence of the elders

must walk up close to him with the elders there watching

1692DEU259e9kqfigs-metonymy0who does not build up his brother's house
1693DEU2510py4m0His name will be called in Israel

People in Israel will know his family as

1694DEU2510hsh9figs-explicit0The house of him whose sandal has been taken off
1695DEU2511qu3tfigs-you0General Information:
1696DEU2511fd81figs-metonymy0out of the hand of him who struck him
1697DEU2512lc9rfigs-synecdoche0your eye must have no pity
1698DEU2513m4mmfigs-you0General Information:
1699DEU2513bt47figs-explicit0You must not have in your bag different weights, a large and a small
1700DEU2513q2yv0weights

Weights were stones used on a balance to determine how much something weighs

1701DEU2514bt5bfigs-explicit0You must not have in your house different measures, a large and a small
1702DEU2514n9g60measures

A measure was a basket or other container for measuring how much there is of something.

1703DEU2515q2jffigs-you0General Information:
1704DEU2515emm10A perfect and just

A correct and fair

1705DEU2515h3e20weight ... measure

See how you translated these words in Deuteronomy 25:13.

1706DEU2515lu1xfigs-idiom0your days may be long
1707DEU2516xsn10For all who do such things, all that act unrighteously

because everyone who cheats people by using different sized weights and measures

1708DEU2517za5vfigs-you0General Information:
1709DEU2517fs1sfigs-idiom0Call to mind what Amalek did to you
1710DEU2517y9ynfigs-you0as you came out
1711DEU2518yp1n0how he met you on the road

how they met you along the way

1712DEU2518h41g0attacked those of you at the rear

attacked those of your people who were in the back of the line

1713DEU2518f2uv0all who were feeble in your rear

all the people who were weak in the back of the line

1714DEU2518bv3rfigs-doublet0faint and weary
1715DEU2518ig25figs-explicit0he did not honor God
1716DEU2519gv8d0you must blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven

you must kill all of the Amalekites so that nobody will remember them anymore

1717DEU26introt97p0

Deuteronomy 26 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter recalls the great events of Israel's history when Yahweh brought them out of Egypt.

1718DEU261yl9ffigs-you0General Information:
1719DEU262epa3translate-ordinal0some of the first of all the harvest
1720DEU263wq9zfigs-you0General Information:
1721DEU265u2ntfigs-you0General Information:
1722DEU265tpv80My ancestor was a wandering Aramean

This is the beginning of the statement that the Israelite male should make when bringing his basket.

1723DEU265tq540a wandering Aramean

This refers to Jacob, who was the ancestor of all the Israelites. He lived for many years in Aram-Nahairam, a region located in Syria.

1724DEU265k6c80stayed there

lived the rest of his life there

1725DEU265fi9kfigs-metonymy0There he became
1726DEU265bu5wfigs-doublet0a great, mighty
1727DEU266i5270General Information:

This continues what the Israelite must say when he brings his first crops to Yahweh.

1728DEU266ujn6figs-doublet0treated us badly and afflicted us

These two phrases say basically the same thing. They emphasize that the Egyptians acted very harshly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

1729DEU266c31yfigs-inclusive0treated us
1730DEU267yr33figs-metonymy0he heard our voice
1731DEU267g82f0our affliction, our labor, and our oppression

that the Egyptians were afflicting us, that we were doing very hard work, and that the Egyptians were oppressing us

1732DEU268c2ae0General Information:

This continues what the Israelite must say when he brings his first crops to Yahweh.

1733DEU268bl9xfigs-inclusive0Yahweh brought us
1734DEU268qdu1figs-metaphor0with a mighty hand, with an outstretched arm
1735DEU268r6wp0with great fearsomeness

with acts that terrified the people who saw them

1736DEU269e5yf0a land that flows with milk and honey
1737DEU2610w7qdfigs-you0General Information:
1738DEU2610i91e0first of the harvest
1739DEU2610w4db0You must set it down

You must set the basket down.

1740DEU2611n6y80you must rejoice in all the good that Yahweh your God has done for you

you must rejoice and be grateful for all the good things that Yahweh your God has done for you

1741DEU2612m35ufigs-you0General Information:
1742DEU2612hy2ptranslate-ordinal0in the third year
1743DEU2612whv60fatherless

These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.

1744DEU2612qtq60widow

This means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her now that she is old.

1745DEU2612w7jjfigs-synecdoche0eat within your city gates and be filled
1746DEU2613m9iv0I have brought out of

These are the first words of another statement that the Israelite was supposed to say.

1747DEU2613br990neither have I forgotten them

This means that he has obeyed all of God's commandments.

1748DEU2614ptc40General Information:

This continues what the Israelite must say to Yahweh when he gives his tithe to the poor.

1749DEU2614u6sj0I have not eaten any of it in my mourning

I have not eaten any of the tithe while I was mourning

1750DEU2614at8mfigs-explicit0when I was impure
1751DEU2614i6zzfigs-metonymy0I have listened to the voice of Yahweh my God; I have obeyed everything you have commanded me to do
1752DEU2615q1e2figs-doublet0from the holy place where you live, from heaven
1753DEU2615y7c50a land flowing with milk and honey
1754DEU2616q8i6figs-you0General Information:
1755DEU2616lvb6figs-metonymy0with all your heart and with all your soul
1756DEU2617v3dxfigs-parallelism0that you will walk in his ways and keep his statutes, his commandments, and his decrees, and that you will listen to his voice
1757DEU2618c7hkfigs-you0General Information:
1758DEU2618wri10a people who are his own possession

a people who belong to him

1759DEU2619q8jbfigs-idiom0he will set you high above
1760DEU2619p58x0he will set you high above all the other nations that he has made, and you will receive praise, fame, and honor
1761DEU2619lg4ifigs-metaphor0You will be a people that is set apart to Yahweh your God
1762DEU27introuy690
1763DEU271mu7efigs-you0General Information:
1764DEU271ya1qfigs-you0command you today
1765DEU271g7rq0I command
1766DEU272yul5figs-you0you will pass
1767DEU272c7s3figs-explicit0plaster them with plaster
1768DEU273yd13figs-idiom0a land flowing with milk and honey
1769DEU274rjy8figs-you0General Information:
1770DEU274l6glfigs-you0you have passed ... set up ... I am commanding you
1771DEU274gk8x0plaster them with plaster
1772DEU274vvi20Mount Ebal

This is a mountain near Shechem. See how you translated it in Deuteronomy 11:29.

1773DEU275ebq3figs-explicit0you must raise no iron tool to work the stones
1774DEU276c115figs-you0General Information:
1775DEU276y47u0unworked stones

stones in their natural shape that no one has shaped with metal tools

1776DEU278fa2n0write on the stones

This refers to the stones they were to set up on Mount Ebal and cover with plaster. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 27:2 and Deuteronomy 27:4.

1777DEU279dv5wfigs-you0General Information:
1778DEU2710q49wfigs-metonymy0obey the voice of Yahweh your God
1779DEU2710f9l60I am commanding

Moses is commanding. The Levites are there in agreement with Moses, but he is the only one speaking.

1780DEU2712p66tfigs-metonymy0These tribes
1781DEU2712s7rz0Mount Gerizim

A small mountain north of Mount Ebal. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 11:29.

1782DEU2712rsu50Joseph

This combines the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, who were descendants of Joseph.

1783DEU2713ax7s0Mount Ebal

See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 11:29.

1784DEU2713p9b60pronounce curses

say in a loud voice how Yahweh will curse Israel

1785DEU2715pp2ufigs-activepassive0May the man be cursed ... sets it up in secret
1786DEU2715ne2dfigs-idiom0the work of the hands of a craftsman
1787DEU2715jjw20craftsman

a man who knows how to make things well

1788DEU2716m7ef0General Information:

Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.

1789DEU2716igu1figs-activepassive0May the man be cursed
1790DEU2717api7figs-explicit0who removes his neighbor's landmark
1791DEU2718s55n0General Information:

Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.

1792DEU2718f4infigs-activepassive0May the man be cursed
1793DEU2719b9gcfigs-metaphor0uses force to take away the justice due to a foreigner ... widow
1794DEU2719ed5u0fatherless

These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.

1795DEU2719cnk80widow

This means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age.

1796DEU2720fzq90General Information:

Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.

1797DEU2720s47rfigs-activepassive0May the man be cursed
1798DEU2720szg50his father's wife

This does not refer to the man's mother, but another wife of his father.

1799DEU2720jzl8figs-explicit0he has taken away his father's rights
1800DEU2722p8ac0General Information:

Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.

1801DEU2722zer5figs-activepassive0May the man be cursed
1802DEU2722rhp90the daughter of his father, or with the daughter of his mother

This means a man cannot sleep with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father.

1803DEU2724q7720General Information:

Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.

1804DEU2724n57sfigs-activepassive0May the man be cursed
1805DEU2726mmv30General Information:

Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.

1806DEU2726z9xafigs-activepassive0May the man be cursed
1807DEU28introf2wv0

Deuteronomy 28 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Blessings and warnings

This chapter explains some of the blessings and warnings associated with Israel's obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])

1808DEU281cg2qfigs-you0General Information:
1809DEU281f13gfigs-metonymy0to the voice of Yahweh your God
1810DEU281nmq70so as to keep

and obey

1811DEU281gb5dfigs-metaphor0set you above
1812DEU282w8txfigs-metaphor0All these blessings will come on you and overtake you
1813DEU283wiv2figs-you0General Information:
1814DEU283uv27figs-activepassive0Blessed will you be
1815DEU283z33gfigs-merism0in the city ... in the field

This merism means that Yahweh will bless them everywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

1816DEU284t3s8figs-idiom0the fruit of your body, and the fruit of your ground, and the fruit of your beasts
1817DEU284t45ffigs-doublet0the fruit of your beasts, the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flock
1818DEU285w512figs-you0General Information:
1819DEU285mk51figs-activepassive0Blessed will be
1820DEU285lu31figs-metonymy0your basket and your kneading trough
1821DEU286cm5ffigs-merism0when you come in ... when you go out

This merism refers to all of life's activities everywhere they go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

1822DEU287ky89figs-you0General Information:
1823DEU287p5y5figs-activepassive0cause your enemies who rise up against you to be struck down before you
1824DEU287u7a70but will flee before you seven ways

but they will run away from you in seven directions

1825DEU287x6u8figs-idiom0seven ways
1826DEU288ppz6figs-metaphor0Yahweh will command the blessing to come on you in your barns
1827DEU288r2abfigs-idiom0in all that you put your hand to
1828DEU289xw3nfigs-you0General Information:
1829DEU289a5t2figs-metaphor0Yahweh will establish you as a people that is set apart for himself
1830DEU2810k3wcfigs-metonymy0you are called by the name of Yahweh
1831DEU2811jw4nfigs-you0General Information:
1832DEU2811i27wfigs-idiom0in the fruit of your body, in the fruit of your cattle, in the fruit of your ground
1833DEU2812rc3ifigs-metaphor0his storehouse of the heavens
1834DEU2812x3c10at the right time

when the crops need it

1835DEU2812lb4jfigs-synecdoche0all the work of your hand
1836DEU2813czu1figs-you0General Information:
1837DEU2813am9qfigs-metaphor0the head, and not the tail

This metaphor describes the nation of Israel as an animal and means the Israelites will always be the leaders over other nations and never the servants following behind them. The Israelites will be superior in power, money, and honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1838DEU2813yc2s0will be only above ... will never be beneath

The Israelites will rule over others but never have others rule them.

1839DEU2813dhn1figs-you0I am commanding you
1840DEU2814ce8rfigs-metaphor0if you do not turn away from any of the words that I am commanding you today, to the right hand or to the left, so as to go after other gods to serve them
1841DEU2815k4bmfigs-you0General Information:
1842DEU2815hi330But if

Here Moses starts describing the curses the people will receive if they disobey.

1843DEU2815x89vfigs-metonymy0the voice of Yahweh your God
1844DEU2815g8p4figs-metaphor0then all these curses will come on you and overtake you
1845DEU2815xl160come on you and overtake you

See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 28:2.

1846DEU2816gl2afigs-you0General Information:
1847DEU2816nf28figs-activepassive0Cursed will you be
1848DEU2816rs5ifigs-merism0in the city ... in the field

This merism means that Yahweh will bless them everywhere. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 28:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

1849DEU2817ii5pfigs-metonymy0your basket and your kneading trough
1850DEU2818k7ipfigs-you0General Information:
1851DEU2818nhd7figs-activepassive0Cursed will be
1852DEU2818ewg6figs-idiom0the fruit of your body, the fruit of your ground
1853DEU2818xsg2figs-doublet0the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flock
1854DEU2819mk23figs-merism0when you come in ... when you go out

This merism refers to all of life's activities everywhere they go. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 28:6 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

1855DEU2820p97ufigs-you0General Information:
1856DEU2820m9t50curses, confusion, and rebukes

disasters, fear, and frustration

1857DEU2820bcy3figs-idiom0in all that you put your hand to
1858DEU2820srg3figs-activepassive0until you are destroyed
1859DEU2820sy2b0forsaken me
1860DEU2821sup80cling to you

remain on you

1861DEU2822tj8cfigs-you0General Information:
1862DEU2822c1zz0infectious diseases, with fever, with inflammation
1863DEU2822su4y0with drought

with lack of rain

1864DEU2822k5ew0mildew

mold that grows on crops and causes them to rot

1865DEU2822btm2figs-personification0These will pursue you
1866DEU2823alx9figs-you0General Information:
1867DEU2823xf1qfigs-metaphor0skies ... will be bronze
1868DEU2823eb3ifigs-metaphor0the earth ... will be iron
1869DEU2824uz8n0Yahweh will make the rain of your land into powder and dust

instead of rain, Yahweh will send sandstorms

1870DEU2824zt41figs-activepassive0until you are destroyed
1871DEU2825b1refigs-you0General Information:
1872DEU2825z7ybfigs-activepassive0Yahweh will cause you to be struck down before your enemies
1873DEU2825yi770to be struck down before

See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 28:7.

1874DEU2825yfp6translate-numbers0will flee before them seven ways
1875DEU2825v9plfigs-idiom0seven ways
1876DEU2825k6msfigs-activepassive0You will be tossed to and fro among all the kingdoms
1877DEU2827wb3qfigs-you0General Information:
1878DEU2827q4ig0the boils of Egypt

the same skin disease with which I cursed the Egyptians

1879DEU2827gf180boils ... ulcers, scurvy, and itch

These are different types of skin diseases.

1880DEU2827kvf6figs-activepassive0from which you cannot be healed
1881DEU2829we8cfigs-simile0You will grope about at noonday like the blind grope in the darkness
1882DEU2829z6va0you will be always oppressed and robbed

stronger people will always oppress and rob you

1883DEU2830zt5jfigs-you0General Information:
1884DEU2831gh8ufigs-activepassive0Your ox will be slain before your eyes
1885DEU2831rf3yfigs-activepassive0your donkey will be forcibly taken away from before you and will not be restored to you
1886DEU2831b24nfigs-activepassive0Your sheep will be given to your enemies
1887DEU2832wy9pfigs-you0General Information:
1888DEU2832mic6figs-activepassive0Your sons and your daughters will be given to other peoples
1889DEU2832c24qfigs-synecdoche0your eyes will look for them the entire day, but will fail with longing for them
1890DEU2832lap6figs-metonymy0There will be no strength in your hand
1891DEU2833xbz3figs-you0General Information:
1892DEU2833db4kfigs-metonymy0a nation
1893DEU2833hvh1figs-doublet0you will always be oppressed and crushed
1894DEU2834f8mx0you will become insane by what you have to see happen

what you see will make you go crazy

1895DEU2835e9zvfigs-activepassive0from which you cannot be cured
1896DEU2836k4cufigs-you0General Information:
1897DEU2837dwn5figs-doublet0of horror, a proverb, and a byword, among all the peoples where Yahweh will lead you away
1898DEU2837lz2g0byword

a word or phrase that people use to shame others

1899DEU2838lcl4figs-you0General Information:
1900DEU2838t8st0but will gather little seed in

but will harvest very little food

1901DEU2840ht5hfigs-you0General Information:
1902DEU2840e99r0but you will not rub any of the oil on yourself

People would rub olive oil on themselves to make their skin healthy.

1903DEU2840fi15figs-explicit0your olive trees will drop their fruit
1904DEU2842if6wfigs-you0General Information:
1905DEU2843cew2figs-genericnoun0The foreigner who is
1906DEU2843j1wifigs-idiom0rise up above you higher and higher; you yourself will come down lower and lower

This idiom means foreigners will have more power, money, and honor than the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

1907DEU2844ls98figs-genericnoun0He will ... to him
1908DEU2844wu98figs-metaphor0he will be the head, and you will be the tail

This means foreigners will have more power and authority than the Israelites. See how you translated a similar phrase in Deuteronomy 28:13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1909DEU2845lv3pfigs-you0General Information:
1910DEU2845l54efigs-metaphor0All these curses will come on you and will pursue and overtake you until you are destroyed
1911DEU2845sp9jfigs-metonymy0to the voice of Yahweh your God
1912DEU2845tb8tfigs-doublet0his commandments and his regulations
1913DEU2847epc2figs-you0General Information:
1914DEU2847qt75figs-doublet0joyfulness and gladness of heart
1915DEU2848y9iafigs-metaphor0He will put a yoke of iron on your neck

This is a metaphor for Yahweh allowing the enemy to treat the Israelites cruelly and make them slaves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1916DEU2849b5ttfigs-you0General Information:
1917DEU2849yl1hfigs-doublet0from far away, from the ends of the earth

These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the enemy will come from a nation that is very far away from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

1918DEU2849j169figs-idiom0from the ends of the earth
1919DEU2849bjy5figs-simile0like an eagle flies to its victim

This means the enemy will come suddenly and the Israelites will not be able to stop them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1920DEU2850hsb9figs-metonymy0a nation with a fierce face that does not respect the aged and does not show favor
1921DEU2851n115figs-activepassive0until you are destroyed
1922DEU2852e3i5figs-you0General Information:
1923DEU2852x2h9figs-synecdoche0you in all your city gates
1924DEU2853vca7figs-metaphor0the fruit of your own body, the flesh of your sons and of your daughters
1925DEU2853swr5figs-metaphor0the fruit of your own body
1926DEU2854z4kdfigs-you0General Information:
1927DEU2854g9qb0who is tender and very delicate among you—he
1928DEU2855h7kbfigs-synecdoche0all your city gates
1929DEU2856x19dfigs-you0General Information:
1930DEU2856ayv7figs-you0The tender and delicate woman among you ... tenderness—she
1931DEU2856sw1rfigs-hyperbole0who would not venture to put the bottom of her foot on the ground for delicateness and tenderness

Moses is exaggerating. He is emphasizing that this noble woman is so rich and lives in such luxury that she would not allow herself to get dirty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

1932DEU2856u5mzfigs-abstractnouns0for delicateness and tenderness
1933DEU2857lnt8figs-synecdoche0within your city gates
1934DEU2858x9pffigs-you0General Information:
1935DEU2858sw6hfigs-activepassive0that are written
1936DEU2858uak2figs-metonymy0this glorious and fearful name, Yahweh your God
1937DEU2859tu250Yahweh will make your plagues terrible, and those of your descendants
1938DEU2860l1p3figs-you0General Information:
1939DEU2860c4kpfigs-idiom0He will bring on you again all the diseases of Egypt
1940DEU2860qu7dfigs-idiom0they will cling to you
1941DEU2861ds4xfigs-hyperbole0every sickness and plague that is not written
1942DEU2861p5wwfigs-activepassive0until you are destroyed
1943DEU2862l59vfigs-you0You will be left ... you were like ... you did not listen
1944DEU2862hu58figs-simile0you were like the stars of the heavens in number

This means that in the past there were many Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1945DEU2862j7ulfigs-metonymy0to the voice of Yahweh
1946DEU2863mhe6figs-you0Yahweh once rejoiced over you ... multiplying you ... rejoice over you in making you perish and in destroying you. You will be plucked
1947DEU2863b3je0Yahweh once rejoiced over you in doing you good, and in multiplying you

Yahweh once enjoyed doing you good and causing you to become many

1948DEU2863eu1a0he will rejoice over you in making you perish

he will enjoy making you die

1949DEU2863imz8figs-metaphor0You will be plucked off the land that you are going into to possess
1950DEU2863le25figs-you0you are going
1951DEU2864xuc8figs-you0scatter you ... you will worship ... you have not known ... you nor your ancestors
1952DEU2864l3nkfigs-merism0from the one end of the earth to the other end of the earth
1953DEU2865j125figs-you0General Information:
1954DEU2865g15kfigs-synecdoche0there will be no rest for the bottoms of your feet
1955DEU2865n83ifigs-idiom0Yahweh will give you there a trembling heart, failing eyes, and a soul that mourns
1956DEU2866ckv2figs-idiom0Your life will hang in doubt before you
1957DEU2867bik8figs-you0General Information:
1958DEU2867wac6figs-idiom0because of the fear in your hearts
1959DEU2867u1ewfigs-synecdoche0the things your eyes will have to see
1960DEU2868et6c0I had said
1961DEU29introif6j0

Deuteronomy 29 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter is a retelling of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses, along with its blessings and cursing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])

1962DEU291nsu80These are the words that Yahweh commanded Moses to tell

This refers to words that Moses is about to speak.

1963DEU291b8p60in the land of Moab
1964DEU291b7xy0words that were added to the covenant ... at Horeb

These additional commands were given to make Yahweh's covenant apply better to the people once they were settled in their new land. These new commands did not belong to a different covenant, but rather were additions to the original covenant.

1965DEU292ya5pfigs-synecdoche0You have seen everything that Yahweh did before your eyes
1966DEU292y1s6figs-you0your eyes
1967DEU293al38figs-synecdoche0the great sufferings that your eyes saw
1968DEU293tl81figs-doublet0the signs, and those great wonders
1969DEU294mh61figs-metonymy0Yahweh has not given you a heart to know, eyes to see, or ears to hear

The people do have hearts, eyes, and ears. This metonym says that Yahweh has not enabled them to understand from what they saw and heard who Yahweh is, and how and why they should obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1970DEU294u59cfigs-idiom0given you a heart to know
1971DEU295p5xi0I have led you

Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.

1972DEU295rbp5translate-numbers0forty years
1973DEU295g59zfigs-you0your sandals ... your feet
1974DEU296cv6m0other alcoholic drinks

Alcoholic drinks made probably from fermented grains. They were not distilled liquors.

1975DEU297d31m0Sihon, the king of Heshbon, and Og, the king of Bashan

See how you translated these names in Deuteronomy 1:4.

1976DEU297i2yhfigs-inclusive0came out against us
1977DEU299ze3jfigs-parallelism0keep the words of this covenant and do them
1978DEU2910it8r0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.

1979DEU2911b36yfigs-you0among you in your camp ... your wood ... your water
1980DEU2911vw3vfigs-genericnoun0the foreigner who is among you in your camp, from him who cuts your wood to him who draws
1981DEU2912p568figs-you0General Information:
1982DEU2912yb790to enter into the covenant of Yahweh your God and into the oath that Yahweh your God is making with you today

to agree to the covenant and to swear that you will obey all that Yahweh your God commands

1983DEU2913nv7p0a people for himself

a people group that belongs to him alone

1984DEU2914p3sa0I am making
1985DEU2915sv230standing here with us
1986DEU2915n7380those who are not here

our future descendants, who are not here

1987DEU2916ef560we lived

we were slaves

1988DEU2918tf4zfigs-synecdoche0whose heart is turning away today from Yahweh our God
1989DEU2918yq9nfigs-metaphor0any root that produces gall and wormwood
1990DEU2919u5ww0that person

The person described in verse 18.

1991DEU2919ydt9figs-idiom0bless himself in his heart
1992DEU2919l8arfigs-idiom0though I walk in the stubbornness of my heart
1993DEU2919rq4sfigs-metaphor0This would destroy the wet together with the dry
1994DEU2919qq8rfigs-nominaladj0wet ... dry
1995DEU2920zp3xfigs-metaphor0the anger of Yahweh and his jealousy will smolder
1996DEU2920ud3qfigs-hendiadys0the anger of Yahweh and his jealousy
1997DEU2920c39zfigs-activepassive0that are written
1998DEU2920v4lvfigs-metaphor0the curses that are written in this book will come on him
1999DEU2920h57e0Yahweh will blot out his name from under heaven

This means God will completely destroy the person and his family. In the future people will not remember him. A similar phrase appears in Deuteronomy 7:24.

2000DEU2922j9qf0The generation to come, your children who will rise up after you
2001DEU2923n8yz0when they see that the whole land has become sulfur and burning salt
2002DEU2923g15sfigs-activepassive0where nothing is sown or bears fruit
2003DEU2923bw2x0like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah
2004DEU2923j85xtranslate-names0Admah and Zeboyim

These are names of cities that Yahweh destroyed along with Sodom and Gomorrah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

2005DEU2924j5xgfigs-quotations0they will say together with all the other nations ... mean?
2006DEU2924z3lu0they will say together with all the other nations

your descendants and the people of all the other nations will say

2007DEU2924v7xxfigs-hendiadys0What does the heat of this great anger mean?
2008DEU2925j9gr0It is because they abandoned the covenant of Yahweh, the God of their ancestors
2009DEU2926p4qx0served other gods and bowed down to them

obeyed other gods and worshiped them

2010DEU2927p8msfigs-metaphor0the anger of Yahweh has been kindled against this land
2011DEU2927p9t6figs-metonymy0this land, so as to bring on it
2012DEU2927wp7hfigs-activepassive0that are written
2013DEU2928q4ktfigs-metaphor0Yahweh has uprooted them from their land ... and has thrown them
2014DEU2928jz72figs-doublet0in anger, in wrath, and in great fury
2015DEU2929d1e50The secret matters belong alone to Yahweh our God

Some things Yahweh our God has not revealed, and only he knows them

2016DEU2929v7vafigs-activepassive0that are revealed
2017DEU2929ui8w0we may do all the words of this law

we may do everything that this law commands us to do

2018DEU30introyx9f0

Deuteronomy 30 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Moses begins to give final instructions to Israel before his death in anticipation of their entrance into the Promised Land. There were warnings and blessings associated with the people's obedience to the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])

2019DEU301rkk4figs-you0General Information:
2020DEU301pfr8figs-idiom0When all these things have come on you
2021DEU301k5mifigs-metaphor0that I have set before you
2022DEU301rtn6figs-idiom0call them to mind
2023DEU301qk910among all the other nations

while you are living in the other nations

2024DEU301ug750has driven you

has forced you to go

2025DEU302edl2figs-metonymy0obey his voice
2026DEU302s239figs-metonymy0with all your heart and with all your soul
2027DEU303m7q5figs-abstractnouns0reverse your captivity
2028DEU304icb7figs-you0General Information:
2029DEU304g1290If any of your exiled people are in the farthest places

Even those of your exiled people who are in the farthest places

2030DEU304w6nm0under the heavens
2031DEU306iv7ffigs-you0General Information:
2032DEU306dul8figs-metaphor0circumcise your heart

This is not a literal removal of flesh. It means God will remove their sin and enable them to love and obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2033DEU306d25zfigs-metonymy0with all your heart and with all your soul
2034DEU307n367figs-metaphor0will put all these curses on your enemies
2035DEU308fpp4figs-metonymy0obey the voice of Yahweh
2036DEU309k3ddfigs-you0General Information:
2037DEU309ws1qfigs-synecdoche0the work of your hand
2038DEU309r217figs-idiom0in the fruit of your body ... in the fruit of your cattle ... in the fruit of your ground
2039DEU3010w16ufigs-activepassive0that are written
2040DEU3010vv69figs-metonymy0with all your heart and all your soul
2041DEU3011lxg9figs-you0General Information:
2042DEU3011wls8figs-metaphor0neither is it too far for you to reach
2043DEU3012lu7sfigs-rquestion0Who will go up for us to heaven and bring it down to us and make us able to hear it, so that we may do it?
2044DEU3013nd92figs-you0General Information:
2045DEU3013fw31figs-rquestion0Who will go over the sea for us and bring it to us and make us to hear it, so that we may do it?
2046DEU3014p17gfigs-metonymy0in your mouth and your heart

This means that the people already know God's commands and can tell them to others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

2047DEU3015m7gmfigs-you0General Information:
2048DEU3015d23ffigs-metaphor0I have placed before you
2049DEU3015bn6kfigs-explicit0life and good, death and evil
2050DEU3016jh9g0multiply

increase greatly in number

2051DEU3017ej9afigs-you0General Information:
2052DEU3017a2vlfigs-synecdoche0if your heart turns away ... but instead are drawn away and bow down to other gods and worship them
2053DEU3018sr3zfigs-you0to you today that you ... you will not prolong your days

Moses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

2054DEU3018ee9yfigs-metaphor0prolong your days
2055DEU3019t3jifigs-you0General Information:
2056DEU3019gap6figs-metonymy0I call heaven and earth to witness

Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says, or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])

2057DEU3019qj9t0to witness against you

to be willing to say that you have done evil things

2058DEU3019wxe8figs-you0against you today

Moses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

2059DEU3020k5mzfigs-metonymy0obey his voice
2060DEU3020sbp20to cling to him

to rely on him

2061DEU3020x4gpfigs-doublet0For he is your life and the length of your days
2062DEU3020qi8gfigs-ellipsis0swore to your ancestors
2063DEU31intropki90

Deuteronomy 31 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Final instructions

In the Ancient Near East, it was common for an important leader to give instructions for his people to follow after his death. In this chapter, Moses begins his final words to the people of Israel. These are words that he wants them to remember long after he is gone. This section also helped to make a smooth transition to Joshua's leadership.

2064DEU312mb3itranslate-numbers0one hundred twenty years old
2065DEU312bvw8figs-merism0I can no more go out and come in
2066DEU313ep95figs-you0your God ... before you ... before you ... you will dispossess ... before you
2067DEU313cll70you will dispossess them

you will take their land

2068DEU313p8q60Joshua, he will go over before you, as Yahweh has spoken

Joshua will lead you across the river, as Yahweh promised

2069DEU314nu6r0General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the Israelites.

2070DEU314b8wjfigs-synecdoche0he did to Sihon and to Og, the kings of the Amorites
2071DEU316m79v0Be strong and of good courage

Be strong and courageous

2072DEU316lr5n0fear not, and do not be afraid of them

do not fear them at all

2073DEU316i5mifigs-you0Yahweh your God ... with you ... fail you nor forsake you
2074DEU316b7b9figs-litotes0he will not fail you nor forsake you
2075DEU317s174figs-you0General Information:
2076DEU317r36vfigs-metonymy0in the sight of all Israel
2077DEU317ht4a0Be strong and of good courage
2078DEU317t7sv0you will cause them to inherit it

you will help them take the land

2079DEU319a6vj0gave it out to the priests, the sons of Levi

gave it out to the Levites, who are the priests

2080DEU3110ani6translate-numbers0seven years
2081DEU3110sy4p0fixed for the cancellation of debts

for canceling debts

2082DEU3110d2me0Festival of Shelters
2083DEU3111pt7mfigs-you0Yahweh your God ... you will read
2084DEU3111c11z0in their hearing

so that they can hear it

2085DEU3112rlg20General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the priests and the elders.

2086DEU3112rtx9figs-synecdoche0your foreigner who is within your city gates
2087DEU3112j1rq0keep all the words of this law

carefully obey all the commands in this law

2088DEU3114ji2r0Look, the

Pay attention to what I am about to tell you. The

2089DEU3115m71w0a pillar of cloud

This was a thick cloud of smoke in the shape of an upright column.

2090DEU3116f7i50Look, you

Pay attention to what I am going to tell you. You

2091DEU3116m76mfigs-euphemism0you will sleep with your fathers
2092DEU3116d9q3figs-metaphor0will rise up and act like a prostitute
2093DEU3117b1z80General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.

2094DEU3117l9kjfigs-metaphor0my anger will be kindled against them
2095DEU3117zg57figs-idiom0I will hide my face from them
2096DEU3117zr99figs-activepassive0they will be devoured
2097DEU3117sz2ffigs-metaphor0devoured
2098DEU3117qw7gfigs-personification0Many disasters and troubles will find them
2099DEU3117l3gefigs-personification0Have these disasters not come upon us ... midst?
2100DEU3117m6pv0our God is not in our midst
2101DEU3119j9x40General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Moses about the Israelites.

2102DEU3119h2xqfigs-idiom0Put it in their mouths
2103DEU3120i9lu0a land flowing with milk and honey
2104DEU3121z4dqfigs-personification0When many evils and troubles come upon this people
2105DEU3121x1jhfigs-personification0this song will testify before them as a witness

This speaks of the song as if it were a human witness testifying in court against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

2106DEU3121tb8bfigs-activepassive0it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants
2107DEU3121s5jefigs-activepassive0it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants
2108DEU3121fly7figs-activepassive0it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants
2109DEU3121th4pfigs-metaphor0the plans that they are forming
2110DEU3121y4kpfigs-explicit0the land that I promised
2111DEU3123g5sl0Be strong and of good courage
2112DEU3126f3zdfigs-you0witness against you
2113DEU3127q9j80General Information:

Moses continues speaking to the Levites about all the Israelite people.

2114DEU3127dc8vfigs-you0your rebellion and your stiff neck
2115DEU3127e3am0your stiff neck
2116DEU3127yin7figs-rquestion0how much more after my death?
2117DEU3128ge9zfigs-synecdoche0so that I may speak these words in their ears
2118DEU3128rbf8figs-metonymy0call heaven and earth to witness against them

Possible meanings are 1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or 2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. A similar phrase appears in Deuteronomy 30:19. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])

2119DEU3129h4je0you will utterly corrupt yourselves
2120DEU3129w6b10turn aside out of the path that I have commanded you
2121DEU3129yvi1figs-metaphor0what is evil in the sight of Yahweh
2122DEU3129i596figs-synecdoche0through the work of your hands
2123DEU3130upf2figs-synecdoche0Moses recited in the ears of all the assembly of Israel
2124DEU3130ilp60recited
2125DEU3130wx6qfigs-ellipsis0the words of this song
2126DEU32intropup60

Deuteronomy 32 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 32:1-43.

Special concepts in this chapter

Punishment

This chapter prophesies a time when Israel will be disobedient to Yahweh and he will have to punish them. This is meant to serve as a warning to the nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])

2127DEU321bfi8figs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2128DEU321hf89figs-apostrophe0Give ear, you heavens ... Let the earth listen

Yahweh speaks to the heavens and earth as if they are there listening. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is speaking to the inhabitants of heaven and earth or 2) Yahweh is speaking to the heavens and earth as if they are persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])

2129DEU322zk7lfigs-simile0Let my teaching drop down like the rain ... and like the showers on the plants

This means Yahweh wants the people to eagerly accept his helpful teaching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2130DEU322x67x0distill

Use the word in your language for the process by which dew appears.

2131DEU322s3mw0dew

water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings

2132DEU322g6mn0tender grass

new plants

2133DEU322gkm40showers

heavy rain

2134DEU323y1fafigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2135DEU323bah6figs-idiom0proclaim the name of Yahweh
2136DEU323uf820ascribe greatness to our God

make sure people know that our God is great

2137DEU324xcv2figs-metaphor0The Rock

This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2138DEU324vh3k0his work

everything he does

2139DEU324xtg1figs-metaphor0all his paths are just
2140DEU324j65cfigs-doublet0He is just and upright

These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is fair and does what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

2141DEU325ehu3figs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2142DEU325exs20acted corruptly against him
2143DEU325k81bfigs-doublet0a perverted and crooked generation
2144DEU326tfw7figs-rquestion0Do you reward Yahweh in this way ... people?
2145DEU326bwz6figs-doublet0you foolish and senseless people
2146DEU326m2g10your father ... has created you ... made you and established you
2147DEU326aeq8figs-rquestion0Is he not your father, the one who has created you?
2148DEU327ks260General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel.

2149DEU327ki4qfigs-you0Call to mind ... think about ... your father ... show you ... your elders ... tell you
2150DEU327a5hdfigs-idiom0Call to mind
2151DEU327ksl40days of ancient times
2152DEU327aba7figs-parallelism0think about the years of many ages past

This is a repetition of what Moses just said in the previous portion. Moses wants the people of Israel to focus on their history as a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2153DEU327p9u50he will show you
2154DEU328q59ufigs-idiom0gave the nations their inheritance
2155DEU328vz2i0he set the boundaries of the peoples, as he also fixed the number of their gods

God assigned each people group, together with its gods, to its own territory. In this way, he limited the influence of a people group's idols.

2156DEU329zcj3figs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. As he speaks to the Israelites, he talks about them as if they were someone else and as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2157DEU329j71rfigs-parallelism0For Yahweh's portion is his people; Jacob is his apportioned inheritance
2158DEU3210b2tx0He found him ... shielded him and cared for him ... guarded him
2159DEU3210lv7u0howling wilderness
2160DEU3210q44yfigs-idiom0he guarded him as the apple of his eye
2161DEU3211x9dvfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2162DEU3211up27figs-simile0As an eagle that guards her nest and flutters over her young, Yahweh spread out his wings and took them, and carried them on his pinions

This means Yahweh watched over and protected the Israelites while they were in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2163DEU3211wh5r0pinions

the outer edges of a bird's wings

2164DEU3212wp5efigs-pronouns0led him ... with him
2165DEU3213kx8rfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2166DEU3213sq4vfigs-idiom0He made him ride on high places of the land
2167DEU3213jg4hfigs-pronouns0made him ride ... fed him ... nourished him
2168DEU3213t4p50he fed him the fruits of the field

he brought him to a land with plenty of crops he could eat

2169DEU3213wlf50he nourished him with honey from the rock, and oil from the flinty crag

The land had many wild bees, which produce honey, with hives inside rock holes. There were also many olive trees, which provide oil, and grow on rocks, hills, and mountains.

2170DEU3213yp29figs-metaphor0nourished him with honey
2171DEU3214dg9lfigs-parallelism0General Information:
2172DEU3214dt4wfigs-pronouns0He ate
2173DEU3214u9ig0fat of lambs, rams of Bashan and goats

The people of Israel had many healthy herd animals.

2174DEU3215g93yfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses continues speaking his poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2175DEU3215i1m2translate-names0Jeshurun
2176DEU3215ly6mfigs-metaphor0the Rock of his salvation

This means Yahweh is strong like a rock and able to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2177DEU3215dy92figs-metaphor0the Rock

This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 32:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2178DEU3216a41m0They made Yahweh jealous

The Israelites made Yahweh jealous.

2179DEU3217u97efigs-you0General Information:

Moses continues to speak his song to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

2180DEU3217c5ir0They sacrificed

The people of Israel sacrificed

2181DEU3217hw1l0gods that recently appeared

This means the Israelites recently learned about these gods.

2182DEU3217m59hfigs-you0your fathers
2183DEU3218ch18figs-you0You have deserted ... your father ... you forgot ... gave you
2184DEU3218mpu7figs-metaphor0You have deserted the Rock
2185DEU3218ul7nfigs-metaphor0the Rock

This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 32:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2186DEU3218y9b3figs-metaphor0who became your father ... who gave you birth
2187DEU3219yfx6figs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2188DEU3219eca4figs-metaphor0his sons and his daughters

This refers to the people of Israel whom Yahweh gave life to and made into a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2189DEU3220jv62figs-idiom0I will hide my face from them
2190DEU3220klx80I will see what their end will be

I will see what happens to them

2191DEU3221pb9zfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2192DEU3221ya830They have made me jealous
2193DEU3221sa140what is not god

what are false gods

2194DEU3221qj69figs-explicit0worthless things
2195DEU3221vst40those who are not a people

people who do not belong to one people group

2196DEU3221zd9q0foolish nation
2197DEU3222wb8bfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2198DEU3222i1blfigs-metaphor0For a fire is kindled by my anger ... foundations of the mountains

Yahweh compares his anger to a fire. This emphasizes his power to destroy what makes him angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2199DEU3222nll8figs-activepassive0a fire is kindled by my anger and is burning ... it is devouring ... it is setting
2200DEU3222eis30to the lowest Sheol

even to the world of the dead

2201DEU3223g9k3figs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2202DEU3223p1xbfigs-metaphor0I will heap disasters on them
2203DEU3223ys8xfigs-metaphor0I will shoot all my arrows at them
2204DEU3224vr46figs-activepassive0They will be wasted by hunger
2205DEU3224sj74figs-activepassive0They will ... hunger and devoured by burning heat and bitter destruction
2206DEU3224l8d2figs-synecdoche0I will send on them the teeth of wild animals, with the poison of things that crawl in the dust
2207DEU3225ci4tfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2208DEU3225fy8efigs-metonymy0Outside the sword will bereave
2209DEU3225kgf9figs-personification0terror will do so
2210DEU3225mhn4figs-merism0young man and virgin, the nursing baby, and the man of gray hairs

These terms describing people of different ages are combined to mean that all kinds of people will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

2211DEU3226p3icfigs-quotations0I said that I would ... away, that I would ... mankind.
2212DEU3226ly170I would make the memory of them to cease from among mankind

I would make all people forget about them

2213DEU3227b351figs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2214DEU3227gg1k0Were it not that I feared the provocation of the enemy

I was afraid of the provocation of the enemy

2215DEU3227vz7efigs-abstractnouns0the provocation of the enemy
2216DEU3227lw79figs-pronouns0the enemy
2217DEU3227w8l70judge mistakenly

misunderstand

2218DEU3227sbq8figs-metonymy0Our hand is exalted
2219DEU3228uqg7figs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2220DEU3229p62hfigs-hypo0Oh, that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their coming fate

Moses states something that he wishes were true, but he knows that they are not wise and do not understand that their disobedience will cause Yahweh to bring this disaster on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

2221DEU3229c7cmfigs-abstractnouns0their coming fate
2222DEU3230u5exfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words and tell them more of what they would have understood if they were wise (Deuteronomy 32:29). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2223DEU3230qr7hfigs-rquestion0How could one chase a thousand ... Yahweh had given them up?

Moses uses a question to scold the people for not being wise enough to understand why their enemies are defeating them. This question can be translated as a statement as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2224DEU3230vu9ltranslate-numbers0How could one chase a thousand, and two put ten thousand to flight
2225DEU3230v82yfigs-metaphor0unless their Rock had sold them
2226DEU3230tv28figs-metaphor0their Rock
2227DEU3231d2nyfigs-metaphor0our Rock
2228DEU3231r1wx0our enemies' rock is not like our Rock

The enemies' idols and false gods are not powerful like Yahweh.

2229DEU3231lbx70just as even our enemies admit

not only do we say so, but our enemies say so also

2230DEU3232a5z3figs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2231DEU3232tch7figs-metaphor0For their vine comes from the vine of Sodom ... clusters are bitter

Moses compares enemies who worship false gods to the wicked people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah and to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit. This means their enemies are wicked and will cause the Israelites to die if the Israelites start to act like the people who live around them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2232DEU3232l3dufigs-metaphor0their vine comes from the vine of Sodom, and from the fields of Gomorrah
2233DEU3232i5fv0their clusters

their clusters of grapes

2234DEU3233y87kfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh's words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2235DEU3233zwn7figs-metaphor0Their wine is the poison of serpents and the cruel venom of asps

Moses continues comparing the enemies of the people of Israel to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit and wine. This means their enemies are wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2236DEU3233rck80asps

poisonous snakes

2237DEU3234eti9figs-rquestion0Is not this plan secretly kept by me, sealed up among my treasures?
2238DEU3235wr4gfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. This is the end of Moses's quotation of Yahweh's words that begins in Deuteronomy 32:20. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2239DEU3235sg4mfigs-doublet0Vengeance is mine to give, and recompense
2240DEU3235v1h20recompense

to punish or reward a person for what he has done

2241DEU3235dj8gfigs-idiom0their foot slips
2242DEU3235ad9x0the day of disaster for them

the time for me to destroy them

2243DEU3235jvl7figs-metaphor0the things that are to come on them will hurry to happen
2244DEU3236h6tbfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses continues to speak a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2245DEU3236z7w2figs-abstractnouns0For Yahweh will give justice to his people
2246DEU3236s7w90he will pity his servants

he will feel that he needs to help his servants

2247DEU3237y7lsfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2248DEU3238en77figs-rquestion0The gods who ate the fat of their sacrifices and drank the wine of their drink offerings?
2249DEU3238vtv4figs-irony0Let them rise up and help you; let them be your protection
2250DEU3239rkh6figs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2251DEU3239kii30I, even I
2252DEU3240wwk70I lift up my hand to heaven and say
2253DEU3240la6k0As I live forever
2254DEU3241zb2kfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2255DEU3241x382figs-metonymy0When I sharpen my glittering sword
2256DEU3241yfw3figs-synecdoche0when my hand begins to bring justice
2257DEU3242p1fxfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2258DEU3242mma7figs-metaphor0I will make my arrows drunk with blood, and my sword will devour flesh with the blood

Yahweh speaks of arrows as if they were people to whom he could give alcohol and make them drunk, and of a sword as if it were a person who was so hungry that he would eat an animal before draining the blood out. These metaphors are metonyms for a soldier using arrows and a sword to kill many enemies. This in turn is a metaphor for Yahweh killing his enemies in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

2259DEU3242ml4t0from the heads of the leaders of the enemy
2260DEU3243mm3zfigs-parallelism0General Information:

This is the end of Moses' song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2261DEU3243hzi1figs-metonymy0Rejoice, you nations

Moses addresses the peoples of all the nations as if they were there listening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])

2262DEU3243h5mvfigs-metonymy0for he will avenge the blood of his servants; he will render vengeance on his enemies
2263DEU3244q6l60recited
2264DEU3244zdk4figs-synecdoche0in the ears of the people
2265DEU3245a69v0reciting
2266DEU3246llt80He said to them

Moses said to the people of Israel

2267DEU3246sqq3figs-idiom0Fix your mind on
2268DEU3246iw4n0I have witnessed to you
2269DEU3246a9uh0your children

your children and descendants

2270DEU3247v8tt0this is

this law is

2271DEU3247wd7vfigs-litotes0no trivial matter
2272DEU3247i8bsfigs-metonymy0because it is your life
2273DEU3247a2bzfigs-metaphor0prolong your days
2274DEU3249i56stranslate-names0mountains of Abarim

This is the name of a mountain range in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

2275DEU3249gwe20Abarim, up Mount Nebo

Abarim and climb up Mount Nebo

2276DEU3249u1pftranslate-names0Mount Nebo

This is the highest place in the Abarim Mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

2277DEU3249y54j0opposite Jericho

on the other side of the river from Jericho

2278DEU3250n95r0General Information:

Yahweh finishes speaking to Moses.

2279DEU3250w499figs-euphemism0be gathered to your people
2280DEU3250gnq5translate-names0Mount Hor

This is the name of a mountain on the border of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

2281DEU3251mwq1translate-names0Meribah

This is the name of the place in the desert where Moses disobeyed God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

2282DEU3251fv5ztranslate-names0wilderness of Zin

This is the name of a wilderness on the southern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

2283DEU33introy2l80

Deuteronomy 33 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic lines of Moses' blessings in 33:1-29.

Special concepts in this chapter

Families

Moses gives a series of prophecies or instructions for each of the tribes of Israel and Israel overall. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])

2284DEU331p6dbfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses begins to bless the tribes of Israel. Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2285DEU332b26nfigs-metaphor0Yahweh came from Sinai and rose from Seir upon them. He shined out from Mount Paran
2286DEU332d9h20upon them

upon the people of Israel

2287DEU332d89etranslate-numbers0ten thousands of holy ones
2288DEU332v2fc0In his right hand were flashes of lightning
2289DEU333dj5yfigs-parallelism0General Information:

These verses are difficult to understand. Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in Deuteronomy 33:2. Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2290DEU333pjq40the peoples

the people of Israel

2291DEU333uuu1figs-pronouns0all his holy ones are in your hand ... your feet ... your words
2292DEU333sx8zfigs-metonymy0all his holy ones are in your hand
2293DEU334j3nq0an inheritance
2294DEU335eer4figs-parallelism0General Information:

Verse 5 is difficult to understand. Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in Deuteronomy 33:2. The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2295DEU335c2d90there was a king

Yahweh became king

2296DEU335g63w0Jeshurun

This is another name for Israel. Translated as in Deuteronomy 32:15.

2297DEU336xmf70Let Reuben live

This begins Moses' blessings to the individual tribes of Israel.

2298DEU336qs860but may his men be few
2299DEU337e9mjfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in Deuteronomy 33:2. The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2300DEU337hxx8figs-metonymy0to the voice of Judah
2301DEU337v8f7figs-abstractnouns0be a help
2302DEU338hq6lfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in Deuteronomy 33:2. The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2303DEU338f539figs-you0Your Thummim and your Urim
2304DEU338d4cpfigs-metonymy0your faithful one, the one whom you tested ... with whom you struggled

Moses refers to the tribe of Levi as if it were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

2305DEU338p5zx0your faithful one

the one who seeks to please you.

2306DEU338l4zu0Massah
2307DEU338vr2z0Meribah
2308DEU339a55pfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in Deuteronomy 33:2. The blessings are short poems. He continues describing the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in Deuteronomy 33:8. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2309DEU339n8y30your word

your commands

2310DEU339mi7xfigs-doublet0guarded ... kept
2311DEU3310n6ndfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in Deuteronomy 33:8. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2312DEU3310q9bv0your ... your ... you ... your

Moses is speaking to Yahweh, so all these words are singular.

2313DEU3311y1ndfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues describing the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in Deuteronomy 33:8. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2314DEU3311m8mw0accept

be pleased with

2315DEU3311g9hxfigs-synecdoche0the work of his hands
2316DEU3311qcv6figs-metonymy0Shatter the loins of
2317DEU3311m34sfigs-metaphor0rise up ... rise up
2318DEU3311d2c2figs-idiom0rise up against
2319DEU3312c4cafigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2320DEU3312wbv9figs-activepassive0The one loved by Yahweh lives
2321DEU3312rf48figs-abstractnouns0lives in security
2322DEU3312t7re0he lives between Yahweh's arms

Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh protects the tribe of Benjamin with his power or 2) Yahweh lives in the hill region of the tribe of Benjamin. In both translations, it means Yahweh takes care of them.

2323DEU3313bn1rfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2324DEU3313l4ua0About Joseph

This refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the tribe of Manasseh. Both tribes descended from Joseph.

2325DEU3313vty3figs-metonymy0May his land be blessed by Yahweh
2326DEU3313y87w0with the precious things of heaven, with the dew
2327DEU3313rzk50dew

water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 32:2.

2328DEU3313xy690the deep that lies beneath

This refers to the water under the ground.

2329DEU3314tz8jfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in Deuteronomy 33:13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2330DEU3314xt79figs-activepassive0May his land be blessed
2331DEU3314jc3s0with the precious things of the harvest of the sun

with the best crops that the sun causes to grow

2332DEU3314w7c30with the precious things of the produce of the months

with the best crops that grow month to month

2333DEU3315y6mdfigs-explicit0finest things ... precious things
2334DEU3315ex8p0ancient mountains

the mountains that existed long ago

2335DEU3315e1pr0everlasting hills

the hills that will exist forever

2336DEU3316rm3xfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in Deuteronomy 33:13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2337DEU3316t49ifigs-activepassive0May his land be blessed
2338DEU3316sq7u0its abundance
2339DEU3316z8v1figs-explicit0him who was in the bush
2340DEU3316s176figs-metaphor0Let the blessing come on the head of Joseph
2341DEU3316yvh8figs-synecdoche0come on the head of Joseph, and on the top of the head of him
2342DEU3316wr2z0top of the head
2343DEU3317dw4yfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in Deuteronomy 33:13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2344DEU3317h7umfigs-metaphor0The firstborn of an ox, majestic is he
2345DEU3317emy2figs-metaphor0his horns are the horns of
2346DEU3317s54wfigs-metaphor0With them he will push
2347DEU3317nv6itranslate-numbers0ten thousands of Ephraim ... the thousands of Manasseh
2348DEU3318g9ehfigs-parallelism0General Information:
2349DEU3318m1l6figs-explicit0Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out, and you, Issachar, in your tents

The people of Zebulun were located near the Mediterranean Sea. They traveled by sea and traded with other people. The people of Issachar preferred peaceful living and working the land and raising cattle. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

2350DEU3319bwp60There will they offer

It is there that they will offer

2351DEU3319h5jn0sacrifices of righteousness
2352DEU3319ime20For they will suck the abundance of the seas, and from the sand on the seashore

Possible meanings are 1) they will trade with people across the sea or 2) they were beginning to use sand in making pottery.

2353DEU3319cl5xfigs-metaphor0For they will suck the abundance of the seas
2354DEU3320r21ifigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2355DEU3320sb7wfigs-activepassive0Blessed be he who enlarges Gad
2356DEU3320qa5jfigs-simile0He will live there like a lioness, and he will tear off an arm or a head

This means the people of Gad are strong and secure, and they will defeat their enemies in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2357DEU3321ypm2figs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Gad as one man, which he began to do in Deuteronomy 33:20. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2358DEU3321nad90the leader's portion

This means a larger piece of land that a leader normally took.

2359DEU3321nfg70He came with the heads of the people

They met with all the leaders of the Israelites

2360DEU3321nt250He carried out the justice of Yahweh and his decrees with Israel

They obeyed all that Yahweh had commanded the Israelites

2361DEU3322r6bufigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2362DEU3322rjp5figs-metaphor0Dan is a lion cub that leaps out from Bashan

The people of Dan are strong like a lion cub, and they attack their enemies who live in Bashan. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])

2363DEU3323xsb4figs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He speaks of the descendants of Naphtali as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2364DEU3323j9clfigs-metaphor0satisfied with favor
2365DEU3323xhj40full of the blessing of Yahweh
2366DEU3323av3ifigs-you0take possession

Moses speaks as if the tribe of Naphtali is one man, so these words are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

2367DEU3323q4kcfigs-explicit0the land to the west and south

This refers to the land around Lake Galilee. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

2368DEU3324b3kpfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2369DEU3324frq4figs-explicit0dip his foot in olive oil
2370DEU3325ht1bfigs-you0your city bars ... your days ... your security
2371DEU3325eim5figs-explicit0May your city bars be iron and bronze
2372DEU3326wxb7figs-metaphor0rides through the heavens ... on the clouds
2373DEU3326l9qhfigs-you0to your help
2374DEU3327if2jfigs-abstractnouns0The eternal God is a refuge
2375DEU3327bk5rfigs-metaphor0underneath are the everlasting arms
2376DEU3327hrf2figs-pastforfuture0He thrust out ... he said
2377DEU3327zfz8figs-you0before you ... Destroy
2378DEU3327an79figs-quotations0
2379DEU3328c8xifigs-pastforfuture0Israel dwelt ... Jacob's spring was secure
2380DEU3328cp65figs-metonymy0Jacob's spring

Possible meanings are 1) Jacob's home or 2) Jacob's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

2381DEU3328ze3afigs-metaphor0let his heavens drop dew
2382DEU3328qcg60dew

water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 32:2.

2383DEU3329hn5qfigs-you0General Information:
2384DEU3329q9snfigs-rquestion0Who is like you, a people saved by Yahweh ... majesty?
2385DEU3329n3dufigs-merism0the shield ... the sword

This merism speaks of Yahweh defending the Israelites from their enemies and enabling them to attack their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

2386DEU3329tm9afigs-metaphor0the shield of your help
2387DEU3329cur3figs-metaphor0the sword of your majesty
2388DEU3329ly3l0you will trample down their high places

Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites will destroy the places where the other people worship false gods or 2) the Israelites will walk on the backs of their enemies when the Israelites defeat them.

2389DEU34introkh670

Deuteronomy 34 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter may have been written by Joshua, since it recorded Moses' death. This chapter officially ends the revelation of the law of Moses, and life in the Promised Land is about to begin again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])

2390DEU341ayb80Mount Nebo

This is the highest point of Mount Pisgah which is in the northern part of the Abarim mountain range. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 32:49.

2391DEU341r9wl0Pisgah

See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 3:17.

2392DEU343h1nctranslate-names0the City of Palms

This is another name for Jericho. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

2393DEU344aj1d0look at it with your eyes

see it for yourself

2394DEU346z3y10Beth Peor

This was a town in Moab. See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 3:29.

2395DEU346i3kg0to this day

This refers to the time that this was written or edited, not to the present time in the twenty-first century.

2396DEU347l52xtranslate-numbers0one hundred twenty years old
2397DEU347gif30his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated

This means his eyes and body were still strong and healthy.

2398DEU348uz65translate-numbers0thirty days
2399DEU349znf50son of Nun

See how you translated this in Deuteronomy 1:38.

2400DEU349g774figs-metaphor0Joshua ... was full of the spirit of wisdom
2401DEU349yd83figs-explicit0Moses had laid his hands on him
2402DEU3410t1l8figs-idiom0Yahweh knew face to face

This is an idiom. It means Yahweh and Moses had a very close relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

2403DEU3412mq8g0in all the great

who did all the great