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He asked him

"The scribe asked Jesus"

the most important of all ... The most important is

"The most important" refer to the most important commandment. AT: "the most important commandment of all ... The most important commandment says" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj)

Hear, Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one

"Listen, O Israel! The Lord our God is one Lord"

with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength

Here "heart" and "soul" are metonyms for a person's inner being. These four phrases are used together to mean "completely" or "earnestly." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet)

love your neighbor as yourself

Jesus uses this simile to compare how people are to love each other with the same love as they love themselves. AT: "love your neighbor as much as you love yourself" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile)

than these

Here the word "these" refers to the two commandments that Jesus had just told the people.

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