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Jews
Here "Jews" is a metonym for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. AT: "Jewish leaders" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)
If anyone keeps my word
"If anyone obeys my teaching"
taste death
This is an idiom that means to experience death. The Jewish leaders mistakenly assume that Jesus is speaking only about physical death. AT: "die" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)
You are not greater than our father Abraham who died, are you?
The Jewish leaders use this question to emphasize that Jesus is not greater than Abraham. AT: "You are certainly not greater than our father Abraham who indeed died!" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)
father
forefather
Who do you make yourself out to be?
The Jews use this question to rebuke Jesus for thinking that he is more important than Abraham. AT: "You should not think that you are so important!" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)