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Then he said to them
"Then Jesus said to his disciples." Since this is a continuation of Jesus speaking from the previous verse, some languages may prefer not to say "Then he said to them."
Nation will rise against nation
Here "nation" is a metonym for the people of the nation, and "rise against" is a metonym for attack. The word "nation" represents nations in general, not one particular nation. AT: "The people of one nation will attack the people of other nations" or "The people of some nations will attack the people of other nations" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun)
Nation
This refers to ethnic groups of people rather than to countries.
kingdom against kingdom
The words "will rise" are understood from the previous phrase and mean attack. AT: "kingdom will rise against kingdom" or "the people of some kingdoms will attack the people of other kingdoms" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun)
in various places famines and plagues
The words "there will be" are understood from the previous phrase. AT: "there will be famines and plagues in many places" or "there will be times of hunger and diseases in different places" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis)
terrifying events
"events that terrify people" or "events that cause people to be very afraid"