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of two or three witnesses

It is implied that this means "of at least two or three witness." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)

How much worse punishment do you think one deserves ... grace?

The author is emphasizing the greatness of the punishment for those who reject Christ. AT: "This was severe punishment. But the punishment will be even greater for anyone ... grace!" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)

has trampled underfoot the Son of God

Disregarding Christ and scorning him are spoken of as if someone had walked on him. AT: "has rejected the Son of God" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)

the Son of God

This is an important title for Jesus. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples)

who treated the blood of the covenant as unholy

This shows how the person has trampled the Son of God. AT: "by treating the blood of the covenant as unholy"

the blood of the covenant

Here "blood" stands for Christ's death, by which God established the new covenant. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)

the blood by which he was sanctified

This can be stated in active form. AT: "the blood by which God sanctified him" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)

the Spirit of grace

"the Spirit of God, who provides grace"

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