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Connecting Statement:
Paul reminds these believers that God has now made Gentiles and Jews into one body through Christ and his cross.
Gentiles in the flesh
This refers to people who were not born Jewish. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
uncircumcision
Non-Jewish people were not circumcised as babies and thus the Jews considered them people who do not follow any of God's laws. AT: "uncircumcised pagans" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
circumcision
This was another term for Jewish people because all male infants were circumcised. AT: "circumcised people" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
separated from Christ
"unbelievers"
what is called the "circumcision" in the flesh made by human hands
Possible meanings are 1) "Jews, who are circumcised by humans" or 2) "Jews, who circumcise the physical body."
by what is called
This can be translated with an active form. AT: "by what people call" or "by those whom people call" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)
strangers to the covenants of the promise
Paul speaks to the Gentile believers as if they had been foreigners, kept out of the land of God's covenant and promise. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)