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But
Paul uses this word to contrast the lazy believers with the hardworking believers.
you, brothers
The word "you" refers to all the Thessalonian believers. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you)
brothers
Here "brothers" means fellow Christians, including both men and women. AT: "brothers and sisters" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations)
do not lose heart
To "lose heart" is an idiom that means to get tired, weary, or discouraged. AT: "do not be discouraged" or "do not grow weary" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)
If anyone does not obey our word
"Word" here is a synecdoche for "message" or "teaching." AT: "if anyone does not obey our instructions" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)
take note of him
Notice who he is. AT: "publicly identify that person" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)
so that he may be ashamed
Paul instructs believers to shun lazy believers as a disciplinary action.