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I am going the way of all the earth

This is a polite way of saying "I am going to die." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism)

show yourself a man

The ellipsis can be filled in. AT: "show everyone that you are a man" or "live so that everyone can see you are a good man" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis)

walk in his ways

Walking on a path is a metonym for the way a person lives. AT: "live the way he commands" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)

prosper

"succeed" or "do well"

may fulfill his word

"do everything he promised he would do"

If your sons ... you will never cease

Yahweh is talking to David, so the words "you" and "your" refer to David.

to walk before me faithfully

Yahweh is talking to David, so the word "me" refers to Yahweh.

with all their heart and with all their soul

The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all ... being." These two phrases have similar meanings. AT: "with all their being" or "with all their energy" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet)

you will never cease to have a man on the throne of Israel

The word "throne" is a metonym for the king who sits on the throne. The litotes "will never cease to have" can be stated positively. AT: "your descendants will never cease to be kings of Israel" or "one of your descendants will always be the king of Israel" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes)

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