en_obs-tn/content/21/05.md

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Through the prophet Jeremiah God promised

This could be translated as, "Through the messages that God gave to Jeremiah, God promised" or, "The prophet Jeremiah told the people God's promise."

but not like

The New Covenant would be truly effective. People really would know God, they would truly live as his people, and He would forgive their sins completely, based on the Messiah's sacrifice of himself one time for all who believe in him.

write his law on the people's hearts

This is a metaphor meaning, "help his people to understand his laws and to earnestly desire to obey them." If possible, keep the image of writing on their hearts, since this is in contrast with the way God had written his law on stone tablets for the Israelites. If that is not possible, you could just translate the meaning.

be his people

This could be translated as, "be his special people" or, "be his favored people."

start the New Covenant

That is, "be the one to cause the New Covenant to take effect" or, "bring the New Covenant to his people."