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Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
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front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Proverbs\n\n1. Solomon introduces his proverbs (1:1–7)\n1. Collection of teachings (1:8–9:18)\n1. Proverbs of Solomon (10:1–22:16)\n1. Words of wise men (22:17–24:22)\n1. More words of wise men (24:23–34)\n1. More proverbs of Solomon (25:1–29:27)\n1. The words of Agur (30:1–33)\n1. The words of Lemuel (31:1–9)\n1. A good wife praised (31:10–31)\n\n### What is the book of Proverbs about?\n\nA proverb is a short statement that expresses some wisdom or truth. Most societies have their own proverbs. People that speak a given language can readily understand proverbs in that language.\n\nThe Book of Proverbs is a collection of proverbs. It also includes teachings about how to live wisely. Scholars refer to Proverbs, Psalms, Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs as wisdom literature. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe title of this book is often translated as “Proverbs.” A more general translation would be “Words for Wise People,” “Words that Give Wisdom,” or something similar.\n\n### Who wrote the book of Proverbs?\n\nProverbs begins with the words, “The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel.” But Solomon did not write all of the proverbs. Unnamed wise men may have written some of them. Agur the son of Jakeh (30:1) and King Lemuel (31:1) identify themselves as writing some of the proverbs.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What is meant by “wisdom” and “foolishness” in the Book of Proverbs?\n\n“Wisdom” means the understanding and doing of what is true and morally right. A wise person understands and does what Yahweh would judge to be right. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. The book of Proverbs also acknowledges that it is important to maintain one’s honor or reputation in the opinion of other people. Those who fail to live in this way are called “foolish.” For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What form do the individual proverbs have?\n\nMost proverbs have two parts or two lines that are “parallel” to each other. The second part may strengthen the first, may give more details about the first, or may even say what seems the opposite of the first. Translators should take into account that each proverb is also part of a larger group of proverbs. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n### How should personification be represented in translation?\n\nIn Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and understanding are often represented as if they were wise women, as in [Proverbs 3:15-18](../03/15.md), [Proverbs 4:6-9](../04/06.md), and elsewhere. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, in many languages this kind of direct translation is not possible. In such a case, the translator may be able to translate these personifications as similes instead. This means they would present wisdom or understanding as being like a wise woman whom people should obey. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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1:intro y4et 0 # Proverbs 01 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe first chapter of proverbs begins with a type of introduction in verses 1-7. It mentions Solomon, son of David. Verse 7 contains a foundational verse for the whole book. It defines wisdom.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nProverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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1:1 q6pn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 Verses 2-33 are poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
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1:2 iaq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns “wisdom” and “instruction” can be stated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “to teach you how to be wise and to instruct you about how to live moral lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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1:2 rs3p 0 “to help you understand wise teachings”
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1:3 ew1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 Here “you” refers to the readers. If it is more natural in your language you can state it as an inclusive “we.” Alternate translation: “that we may receive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
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1:3 aun5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “instruction” is stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “may be instructed how to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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1:4 be4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “wisdom” can be stated as the adjective “wise.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also teach to those who are naive how to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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1:4 j62d 0 inexperienced or immature
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1:4 p2ca rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “discretion” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and to teach to young people what they need to know and how to discern the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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1:4 wxv5 0 knowing what should be done in a particular situation
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1:5 lrm2 0 “Let those who are wise pay attention and learn even more”
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1:5 r7sn 0 “let people who have understanding learn from these proverbs how to make good decisions”
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1:6 rcl9 0 sayings that one can understand only after thinking about them
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1:7 r9nd 0 A father teaches his child.
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1:7 ga71 0 This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
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1:7 l9za 0 “those who do not value what is wise and instructive are fools”
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1:8 p2x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom that means “do not ignore” or “do not reject” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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1:9 qxp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The rules and instructions that parents teach their children are so valuable and important that they are spoken of as if they were a beautiful wreath or pendant that a person wears. Alternate translation: “they will make you wise just as wearing a wreath on your head or a pendant around your neck makes you beautiful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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1:9 h55y 0 an woven circle made of leaves or flowers
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1:9 l3ql 0 jewelry that is worn around the neck
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1:10 y9bt 0 “try to persuade you to sin as they do”
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1:10 e1wu 0 “refuse them” or “do not listen to them”
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1:11 f89h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 Here the speaker gives an example of what sinners may try to entice someone to do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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1:11 nvn9 0 “hide and wait for the right time”
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1:12 b8bq 0 Verses 12-14 end the imagined statement of the sinners who are trying to entice others to sin.
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1:12 w4w6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The sinners speak of murdering innocent people as if they were Sheol and they would take a living and healthy person down to the place where dead people go. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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1:12 jg5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 This speaks of the grave as if it were a person that swallows humans and takes them down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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1:12 kea4 0 The wicked expect to destroy their victims in the same way Sheol, the place of the dead, takes away even healthy people.
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1:12 ayt4 0 Possible meanings are (1) this refers to travelers who fall into a deep hole where no one will ever find them or (2) here “pit” is another word that means Sheol or the place where dead people go.
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1:14 x2p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Join us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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1:14 l56r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “purse” represents everything that they steal. Alternate translation: “we will equally share everything that we steal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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1:14 ci4y 0 a bag for carrying money
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1:15 t25u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 To avoid behaving the same way as the sinners do is spoken of as if the son were to avoid walking on or even touching the roads that sinners walk on. Alternate translation: “do not go with the sinners or do what they do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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1:16 vap2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The sinners having an eager interest in doing evil things is spoken of as if they were running to evil. Alternate translation: “they are eager to do wicked things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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1:16 v6fc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “feet” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “they run” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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1:16 m7ui rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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1:17 g5jd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This metaphor compares the wisdom of birds who avoid traps that they see to the foolishness of sinners who get caught in traps they make for themselves. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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1:18 ulr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This finishes the comparison started in [Proverbs 1:17](../01/17.md). The men destroying themselves by doing sinful things is spoken of as if they set a trap and kill themselves. Alternate translation: “But these men are more foolish than the birds. They kill themselves with their own traps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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1:18 b16m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 To lie in wait is to hide, ready to do something wicked. Alternate translation: “It is as if they are looking for an opportunity to kill themselves” or “They themselves will be killed because they try to kill others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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1:18 vs5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “blood” is a metonym for a violent death. Alternate translation: “to kill themselves violently” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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1:18 rih3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “their own lives” is a metonym for themselves. Alternate translation: “it is as if they are the ones who are waiting to suddenly attack and kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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1:19 fz7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A person’s fate or destiny is spoken of as if it were a road a person walks on. Alternate translation: “This is what happens to everyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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1:19 su23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A person destroying themselves by trying to gain wealth through violence, theft, and deceit is spoken of as if the unjust gains will kill those who take it. Alternate translation: “it is like the unjust gains will destroy those who hold on to it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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1:20 xza5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 In 1:20-1:33 Wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman speaking to the people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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1:20 pj5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 If your language does not allow you to treat wisdom as a woman shouting to the people in the city, you might try something like “Grandmother Wisdom cries aloud” or “Honored Miss Wisdom cries aloud” or “Wisdom is like a woman who cries aloud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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1:20 u7zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “speaks with a loud voice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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1:20 pj5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means places where there would be a lot of people. Alternate translation: “in the markets” or “in the town squares” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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1:21 ggk1 0 Possible meanings are (1) “head” refers to the place where busy streets intersect or (2) “head” refers to the top of a wall where people on noisy streets could see and hear wisdom speaking.
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1:22 jk3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Wisdom uses this question to rebuke those who are not wise. Alternate translation: “You who are naive must stop loving being naive.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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1:22 v3nj 0 inexperienced or immature
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1:22 j83h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Wisdom uses this question to rebuke the mockers and the fools. Alternate translation: “You who mock must stop delighting in mockery, and you fools must stop hating knowledge.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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1:23 v9un rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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1:23 uv1b 0 “Listen carefully”
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1:23 t4c9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Wisdom telling the people everything she thinks about them is spoken of as if her thoughts were a liquid that she would pour out. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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1:23 c7ci 0 “I will tell you what I think”
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1:24 i835 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This phrase is an idiom that means to beckon someone or to invite a person to come. Alternate translation: “I invited you to come to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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1:26 y4fk 0 Wisdom continues to speak, describing what happens to those who ignore her.
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1:26 r8lx rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 This can be stated with the word “therefore” to show that the woman wisdom laughs at them because they ignored her. Alternate translation: “Therefore I will laugh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
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1:26 p97h 0 “when bad things happen to you”
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1:27 kd9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Terrible things happening to the people is compared to a storm hitting them and causing fear and suffering. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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1:27 uy59 0 a very strong wind storm that causes damage
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1:28 m9t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Wisdom continues speaking. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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1:28 g5w7 0 “Then those who ignored me will cry out to me for help”
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1:29 xk1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as the verb “learn.” Alternate translation: “Because they refused to learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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1:29 iu3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “fear” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “did not fear Yahweh” or “did not honor and respect Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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1:30 h1ds 0 “would not accept my instruction” or “rejected my advice”
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1:31 nr9k 0 Verse 33 ends wisdom’s statement that began in [Proverbs 1:22](../01/22.md).
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1:31 wkf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here a person’s behavior is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Also, a person receiving the results of their behavior is spoken as if the person were eating the fruit of their behavior. Alternate translation: “experience the consequences of their actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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1:31 c1jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “they will eat the fruit of their schemes until they are full.” A person receiving the results of their own evil plans is spoken of as eating the fruit of their schemes. Alternate translation: “they will suffer the consequences of their own evil plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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1:32 t8af 0 inexperienced or immature
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1:32 d3pk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A person rejecting wisdom is spoken of as if the person physically turns away from wisdom. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “die because they refuse to learn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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1:32 le64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “indifference” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “fools will die because they do not care about what should be done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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1:32 cmi9 0 a lack of interest about something
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2:intro wr6i 0 # Proverbs 02 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 2 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
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2:1 gj7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 A father teaches his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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2:1 wtm1 0 “if you listen to what I am teaching you”
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2:1 jh3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Valuing what is commanded is spoken of as if the commandments were a treasure and the person were a safe place to store the treasure. Alternate translation: “consider my commands to be as valuable as a treasure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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2:2 an5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “force yourself to listen carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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2:2 w1il rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 This abstract noun can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “to the wise things I am teaching you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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2:2 gme3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “heart” represents a person’s mind. The phrase “incline your heart” is an idiom that means to commit or fully dedicate one’s mind to a task. Alternate translation: “try hard to understand what is wise” or “fully dedicate yourself to understanding wise teachings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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2:3 j5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Both of these phrases have the same meaning. It is implied that the person is strongly asking Yahweh for understanding. Alternate translation: “If you urgently ask God and plead for understanding” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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2:3 q192 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom that means to speak loudly or to shout. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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2:4 ci1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Both phrases have the same meaning. These similes emphasize the great effort a person should make to understand what is wise. Alternate translation: “if you seek understanding with as much effort as you search for a valuable object” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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2:4 ll3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Trying very hard to understand what is wise is spoken of as if understanding were an object for which a person must search. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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2:5 h49h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 To succeed in knowing God is spoken of as if the knowledge of God were an object that a person finds after searching. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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2:6 g5bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “mouth” represents Yahweh himself or what he says. Alternate translation: “from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding” or “Yahweh tells us what we need to know and understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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2:7 jn6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh teaching wisdom to people is spoken of as if wisdom were an item that Yahweh stores and gives to people. Alternate translation: “He teaches what is truly wise to those who please him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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2:7 dv7k 0 “dependable”
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2:7 m2mi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh being able to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. Alternate translation: “God protects those” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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2:7 u4zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A person behaving with integrity is spoken of as if they were walking in integrity. Alternate translation: “who behave with integrity” or “who live their lives as they should” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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2:8 qt7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God makes sure that people act justly” or (2) a person’s life is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God protects those who act justly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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2:8 t2qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A person’s life is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: “protect those who are faithful to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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2:9 qn9x 0 fairness
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2:9 ex8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A behavior that is wise and pleases Yahweh is spoken of as if it were a good path. Alternate translation: “ways to live that are pleasing to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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2:10 kf4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being. A person becoming wise is spoken of as if wisdom would enter into a person’s heart. Alternate translation: “you will gain much wisdom” or “you will learn how to be truly wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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2:10 z4e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “soul” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “pleasing to you” or “enjoyable to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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2:11 jbm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 This speaks of “discretion” and “understanding” as if they were persons who could watch over someone else. Both statements mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Because you think carefully and understand what is right and wrong you will be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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2:11 q2th 0 the quality of being careful in actions and speech
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2:11 dnu8 0 to guard, protect or take care of someone or something
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2:12 ix2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 “They” refers to discretion and understanding, which are spoken of as if they were persons who could rescue someone else. Alternate translation: “You will know to stay away from what is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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2:12 vs4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Evil behaviors are spoken of as if evil were a way or path on which a person walks. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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2:13 a5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A person no longer doing what is right but deciding to do what is evil is spoken of as if the person stops walking on the correct path and chooses to walk down a dark path. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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2:13 tc6p 0 The word “who” refers to the people who speak perverse things.
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2:13 q9by 0 to leave and never return to someone or something
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2:14 e571 0 “They” refers to the same people as in [Proverbs 2:12](../02/12.md).
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2:14 t4yz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “delight in doing what they know is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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2:15 jpq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 People who lie to others are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “They deceive other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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2:15 lsl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 People lying so that others will not find out what they did is spoken of as if they covered the tracks on a path so that no one could follow them. Alternate translation: “they lie so that no one will know what they have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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2:16 erj5 0 The father continues to teach his child how wisdom will protect him.
|
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2:16 p5k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The writer speaks of wisdom and discretion as if they were people who save the one who possesses them. Alternate translation: “If you have wisdom and discretion, you will save yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
2:17 c2iu 0 This refers to her husband, whom she married when she was young.
|
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2:17 awb4 0 This likely refers to the marriage covenant that she made with her husband in the presence of God.
|
||
2:18 dn9d 0 Possible meanings are (1) “going to her house leads to death” or (2) “the road to her house is the road to death.”
|
||
2:18 kl7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) “the paths to her house will lead you.” This refers to the tracks or path that lead to her house, or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of her way of life as if it were a path on which she walks. Alternate translation: “her way of life will lead you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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2:18 hwl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers to the spirits of dead people and is a metonym for the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “to the grave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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||
2:19 n7tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This means to go into her house to sleep with her, as one would with a prostitute. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
2:19 zg4r 0 Possible meanings are (1) “they will not return to the land of the living” or (2) “they will never live a happy life again.”
|
||
2:20 ts71 0 The writer tells the result of getting understanding and discretion.
|
||
2:20 fiw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A person’s conduct is spoken of as if it were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “you will live in the way … follow the example” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:22 r5sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will remove the wicked from the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
2:22 w94m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 These are nominal adjectives that can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked … those who are faithless” or “wicked people … faithless people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
2:22 cmv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will remove the faithless from it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
3:intro a94e 0 # Proverbs 03 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 3 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Wisdom is feminine\n\nYou may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
|
||
3:1 p6r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 The writer speaks as a father teaching his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
3:1 f5cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “commands” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “do not forget what I command you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
3:1 tk78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 This phrase says in positive terms what the previous phrase says in negative terms. Here the word “heart” represents the mind. The word “teachings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “always remember what I teach you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
3:2 r3ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases share similar meanings and refer to the duration of a person’s life. Alternate translation: “all your life” or “as long as you live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
3:3 w5in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The writer speaks of “covenant faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” as if they were people who could leave someone. The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” And, the negative command can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Always be trustworthy and be faithful to the covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
3:3 xj6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “display them proudly like one would wear a necklace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:3 i4pt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the heart represents a person’s mind. The mind is spoken of as if it were a tablet upon which someone can write messages and commands. Alternate translation: “always remember them, as if you had written them permanently on a tablet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:4 g3fy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in the judgment of God and man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:5 w345 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “heart” represents the inner person. Alternate translation: “your whole being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
3:5 m1v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of relying on one’s own understanding as if “understanding” were an object on which a person can lean. Alternate translation: “do not rely on your own understanding” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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3:6 c7br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if they were paths on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “in everything you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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3:6 m1v6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh making a person’s actions prosperous as if that person’s actions were paths on which he walks and which Yahweh makes free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “he will give you success” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:7 y6is rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of a person’s opinion as if that person were seeing something with his eyes. Alternate translation: “Do not be wise in your own opinion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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3:7 au5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “do not commit evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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3:8 du95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The word “it” refers to the instructions that the writer gives in the previous verse. The full meaning of this can be made clear. The word “flesh” represents the whole body. Alternate translation: “If you do this, it will be healing for your body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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3:9 thp2 0 “all the food you harvest”
|
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3:10 z9am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your storehouses will be full” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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3:10 y7db 0 buildings or rooms where food is stored
|
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3:10 vtx6 0 your storage containers will be extremely full, as if ready to break open.
|
||
3:11 f4sx 0 The writer writes as a father teaching his son.
|
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3:12 gpk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 “a son in whom he delights.” This refers to the father’s affection for the son, and not to the father’s approval of the son’s behavior. Alternate translation: “a son whom he loves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
3:13 d1nq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of “wisdom” as if it were an object that one finds. Alternate translation: “The one who attains wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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3:14 gy74 0 This refers to the profit that one can make from trading or investing silver.
|
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3:15 y2yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The author speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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3:15 vxz8 0 “more valuable”
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3:16 p6g3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The writer speak of the benefits that one gains from having wisdom as if wisdom were a woman who held these qualities in her hands and offered them to people. Alternate translation: “Wisdom gives a person length of days and riches and honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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3:16 k6ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom refers to the duration of person’s life and may imply a long life. Alternate translation: “long life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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3:17 mfb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of the benefits that wisdom gives a person as if wisdom were leading that person along a path. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will always treat you kindly and give you peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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3:18 le9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a tree that bears life-giving fruit and of a person who benefits from wisdom as if that person ate of the fruit. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is like a tree that sustains the life of those who eat of its fruit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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3:18 l7hn 0 “a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life”
|
||
3:18 ka8x 0 “those who hold on to its fruit”
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3:19 c1nf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh creating the earth and the heavens as if he were laying the foundation of a building. Alternate translation: “Yahweh created the earth … made the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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3:20 ulw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 In ancient thought, water existed under the earth. This phrase refers to Yahweh causing that water to come out of the earth and make the oceans and rivers exist. Alternate translation: “he caused the rivers to flow” or “he caused the oceans to exist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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3:20 b6d2 0 water that forms on the ground at night
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3:21 xa9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of not forgetting something as if it were always being able to see it. Alternate translation: “do not forget them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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3:22 mr5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “They will be life for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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3:22 x4q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of “sound judgment” and “discernment” as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “a display of favor like one would adorn themselves with a necklace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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3:22 r2k8 0 Possible meanings are (1) “a favorable adornment” or (2) “an adornment that displays Yahweh’s favor.”
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3:23 k64j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of living one’s life as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “you will live your life in safety” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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3:23 d5hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The word “foot” represents the whole person. The writer speaks of doing wrong as if a person stumbled over an object in his path. Alternate translation: “you will not do things that are wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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3:24 f69h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is implied that a person lies down in order to sleep. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “when you lie down to sleep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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3:24 q2v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of sleep that is peaceful and refreshing as if it tasted sweet to the person sleeping. The word “sleep” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “your sleep will be pleasant” or “you will sleep peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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3:25 ds94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the wicked cause devastation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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3:26 aw88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 “Yahweh will be by your side.” A person standing by another person’s side is an idiom that means that the one person will help and support the other. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will support and defend you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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3:26 z3ye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of a person experiencing harm from “terror” and “devastation” as if the person were caught in a trap. The word “foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “will protect you from those who want to harm you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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3:27 yl8a 0 “Do not withhold good things” or “Do not withhold good actions”
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3:27 sqz5 0 “when you are able to help”
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3:28 e1qg 0 “when you have the money with you now.” The meaning here is that the person has the money to help today, but tells his neighbor to come back tomorrow.
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||
3:31 pae7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is implied that he is not to choose to imitate the actions of the violent person. Alternate translation: “Do not … choose to imitate any of his ways” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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3:32 eu7k 0 “Yahweh detests the devious person”
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||
3:32 n8ed 0 the person who is dishonest or deceitful
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3:32 uy1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Yahweh shares his thoughts with the those who do right as with a close, trusted friend. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is a close friend to the upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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3:33 h6ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh’s curse as if it were an object that he placed on top of the wicked person’s house. The word “house” is a metonym for family. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has cursed the family of the wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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3:33 q866 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “home” represents the family. Alternate translation: “he blesses the families of righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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||
3:34 kb65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh’s favor as if it were an object that he gives to people. Alternate translation: “he shows his favor to humble people” or “he is gracious to humble people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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3:35 y7vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of wise people obtaining a reputation of honor as if they inherited honor as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Wise people will obtain honor” or “Wise people will gain an honorable reputation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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||
3:35 b6jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh making the shame of fools evident to everyone as if Yahweh were lifting fools up for everyone to see them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause everyone to see the shame of fools” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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||
4:intro z4ah 0 # Proverbs 04 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 4 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Wisdom is feminine\n\nYou may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
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4:1 hqv1 0 The writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
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||
4:1 zck6 0 “listen carefully”
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||
4:1 s4lm 0 “you will know how to understand” or “you will gain understanding”
|
||
4:2 paf3 0 “What I am teaching you is good”
|
||
4:3 y999 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to the time when the writer was a child still living under his father’s care. Alternate translation: “When I was still a boy learning from my father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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||
4:3 n5ke rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys 0 Here the word “tender” refers to a young age at which the child is still weak. It forms a hendiadys with the word “only.” Alternate translation: “the tender only child” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
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||
4:4 b7y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind. The writer speaks of remembering words as if the heart were holding on tightly to them. Alternate translation: “Always remember what I am teaching you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:5 rat9 0 The father continues to teach his children what his father taught him.
|
||
4:5 ft42 0 “Work hard to gain for yourself wisdom” or “Get wisdom”
|
||
4:5 fb3y 0 “remember”
|
||
4:5 m3uv 0 “accept”
|
||
4:5 su5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “mouth” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “what I am saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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||
4:6 zc73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman who protects the person who is faithful to her. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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||
4:6 vrf5 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “hold tightly to wisdom” or “be faithful to wisdom”
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||
4:6 h75g 0 “love wisdom”
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||
4:7 zu2p 0 The father finishes teaching his children what his father taught him.
|
||
4:7 guq5 0 “value understanding more than all you own”
|
||
4:8 pa2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of wisdom giving great honor to a person as if wisdom lifted that person to a high position. Alternate translation: “If you cherish wisdom, she will give you great honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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||
4:8 x13z 0 to feel or show great love for someone or something
|
||
4:8 k4fl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of a person valuing wisdom as if the person placed his arms around her. Alternate translation: “if you love wisdom greatly, wisdom will cause people to honor you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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||
4:9 z38e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a wreath upon that person’s head. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will be like a wreath on your head that shows your great honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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||
4:9 beu8 0 a woven circle made of leaves or flowers
|
||
4:9 z184 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a crown upon that person’s head. Alternate translation: “wisdom will be like a beautiful crown on your head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:10 p1f4 0 “listen carefully to what I teach you”
|
||
4:10 l7bx 0 “you will live many years”
|
||
4:11 h1ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of teaching his son to live wisely as if he were leading his son along the paths where one may find wisdom. Alternate translation: “I am teaching you how to live wisely; I am explaining the right way to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:12 xxp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 These two lines share similar meanings. The writer speaks of the decisions and actions that a person makes as if that person were walking or running along a path and of the person being successful as if the path were free of obstacles that might make the person stumble. Alternate translation: “When you plan something, you will succeed in doing it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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||
4:13 d7gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of a person remembering what he has learned as if “instruction” were an object that the person can hold tightly. Alternate translation: “Continue to obey what I have taught you and never forget it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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4:13 ljf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The writer speaks of discipline preserving a person’s life as if it were that person’s life. Alternate translation: “for it will preserve your life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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||
4:14 gi8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if that person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “Do not do what wicked people do and do not join in the actions of people who do evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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||
4:15 cr8d 0 “Avoid the path of the wicked”
|
||
4:16 n1jz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
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||
4:16 a2jq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 The writer speaks of people being unable to sleep as if sleep were an object that someone stole from them. They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. Alternate translation: “they are unable to sleep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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4:16 bvp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to stumble. Alternate translation: “until they harm someone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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4:17 vfi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of these people constantly committing wickedness and violence as if they ate and drank them like one would drink bread and wine. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or (2) these people get their food and drink by committing wickedness and violence. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and drink wine that they obtain through violence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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4:18 w7hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of righteous people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “the lifestyle of righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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4:18 etf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The writer compares the path of righteous people to the sunrise, meaning that they are safe because they have light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “righteous people walk along their path safely because the morning sun shines on it and grows brighter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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4:18 i5k7 0 This refers to the dawn or sunrise.
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4:18 jv88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This refers to the time of day at which the sun shines the brightest. Alternate translation: “until the sun shines most brightly” or “until full daylight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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4:19 bqj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of wicked people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “The lifestyle of the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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4:19 mj9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The writer compares the way of wicked people to darkness, meaning that they are always in danger because they have no light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “Wicked people walk dangerously along their path because they have no light to be able to see” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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4:19 m9yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of experiencing harm as if it were stumbling over an object in the path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “they do not know why they experience harm and misfortune” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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4:20 w8jd 0 “listen carefully”
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4:20 kji2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. The word “sayings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “listen attentively to the things that I am saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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4:21 zdv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of always thinking about something as if it were keeping it where one can see it. Alternate translation: “Do not stop thinking about them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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4:21 a189 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of remembering something as if it were keeping it within one’s heart. Alternate translation: “always remember them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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4:22 jnu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The writer speaks of his words preserving a person’s life as if they were that person’s life. Alternate translation: “my words give life” or “the things I say give life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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4:22 lby5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of fully understanding his words as if the person searches for them and finds them. Alternate translation: “to those who understand and practice them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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4:22 d57y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The word “their” refers to “those who find them.” The subject for this phrase can be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “my words will give health to the whole body of those who find them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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4:23 pf19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “heart” represents a person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “Keep your mind safe and guard your thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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4:23 klv3 0 with constant and earnest effort
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4:23 n8vd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “it” refers to the heart, which is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person’s life as if it were a flowing spring that originates from the heart. Alternate translation: “from your thoughts comes everything you say and do” or “your thoughts determine your course of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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4:24 a2sw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of lying or deceitful speech as if it were crooked and of a person not using this kind of language as if it were removing it far away from oneself. Alternate translation: “Do not lie and do not speak deceitfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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4:25 il8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “eyes” represents the person who is looking. The writer speaks of a person being committed to doing the right thing as if that person were constantly looking forward without turning his head to look in another direction. Alternate translation: “Always look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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4:26 nt2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “foot” represents the person who is walking. The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if he were walking along a path, and of planning those actions carefully as if it were making that path level. Alternate translation: “Make a level path to walk on” or “Prepare well what you want to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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4:26 g2a2 0 “a smooth path” or “an even path”
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4:26 xyn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path and of those actions being successful as if the path were safe and secure. Alternate translation: “then everything that you do will be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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4:27 h89u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 The directions “right” and “left” form a merism, meaning that the person is not to leave the level path in any direction. Alternate translation: “Walk straight ahead and do not leave the level path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
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4:27 j3tn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “foot” represents the person who walks. The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if the person were walking away from evil. Alternate translation: “turn away from evil” or “stay away from evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:intro jxf1 0 # Proverbs 05 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 5 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThis chapter is unusual because it holds a theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
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5:1 vi27 0 The writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
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5:1 nl9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “ears” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ears are closer to the one speaking. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen attentively” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:2 cei4 0 Discretion is the quality of being careful with regard to one’s actions and speech. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
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5:2 la7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. The writer speaks of a person being careful only to say what is true as if the person’s lips were protecting knowledge. Alternate translation: “you will speak only what is true” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:3 zxr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Possible meanings are (1) the word “lips” represents the words of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the attractiveness of her words as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the words of an adulteress are sweet, as if dripping with honey” or (2) the writer speaks of the allure of kissing the adulteress as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the kisses of an adulteress are sweet, as if her lips dripped with honey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:3 z9rm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Possible meanings are (1) the word “mouth” represents the speech of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the persuasiveness of her speech as if her mouth were smoother than olive oil. Alternate translation: “her speech is persuasive and smoother than olive oil” or (2) the writer speaks of the pleasure of kissing the adulteress as if her mouth were smoother than oil. Alternate translation: “her kisses are smoother than olive oil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:4 pd3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of the harm that comes from having a relationship with an adulteress as if she tasted as bitter as wormwood. Alternate translation: “but in the end, she is like bitter-tasting wormwood and will cause you harm” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:4 m3sn 0 a plant that tastes bitter
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5:4 jy84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of the pain that the adulteress will cause to the one who has a relationship with her as if she were a sharp weapon that cuts the person. Alternate translation: “she wounds a person, as if she were a sharp sword” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:5 kc88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “her feet” represent the adulteress as she walks. The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “She is walking along a path that leads to death” or “Her lifestyle leads to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:5 g7qf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “she walks all the way to Sheol” or “her conduct takes her all the way to Sheol” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:6 nxc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of behavior that gives a person long life as if it were a path that leads to life. Alternate translation: “She does not think about walking along the path that leads to life” or “She is not concerned about conduct that leads to life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:6 iki3 0 Possible meanings are (1) “She wanders about as if she were lost” or (2) “She walks along the wrong path.”
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5:7 dwp8 0 Here the teacher shifts from warning about the adulteress to giving advice.
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5:7 ry9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases express the same idea to make the student pay attention. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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5:7 e4q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of stopping an action as if the person physically turned away from it. Alternate translation: “do not stop listening” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:7 ih1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “mouth” represents the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “my words” or “what I am saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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5:8 y32e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “path” represents the person’s daily conduct and circumstances. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself far away from her” or “Stay away from her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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5:8 jw5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “the door of her house” represents the house itself. It may be more appropriate to use the word “go” instead of “come” since the latter might imply that the speaker is at the door of her house. Alternate translation: “do not go near the door of her house” or “do not even go near her house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
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5:9 pl7u 0 “If you do this.” This phrase refers to what he has just said in previous verses.
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5:9 b54w 0 Possible meanings for the word “honor” are (1) it refers to one’s reputation. Alternate translation: “You will not lose your good reputation among other people” or (2) it refers to one’s wealth and possessions. Alternate translation: “You will not give away your wealth to other people” or (3) it refers to strength and represents the prime years of one’s life. Alternate translation: “You will not give away the best times of your life to other people”
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5:9 bc5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The writer speaks of a person dying prematurely, possibly by murder, as if the years of his life were items that he gives away to another person. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “or give years of your life to a cruel person” or “or cause a cruel person to kill you while you are still young” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:9 yb9a 0 This may refer to the husband of the adulteress, who will deal cruelly with the person who sleeps with her.
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5:10 d9br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of people taking and enjoying another person’s wealth as if they were feasting on the wealth. Alternate translation: “strangers will not take all of your wealth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:10 ksf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “house” represents the person’s family. Alternate translation: “the things that you have obtained will not end up belonging to the families of strangers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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5:11 la5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “flesh” and “body” mean basically the same thing and represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “your body wastes away” or “you waste away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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5:11 i4yh 0 “physically wear down” or “become weak and unhealthy”
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5:12 x4di rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases express the same idea and emphasize how much this person disliked what the teacher had said. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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5:12 m4gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations 0 The word “How” is an exclamation that emphasizes the strength of his hatred. The word “instruction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I hated it so much when someone would instruct me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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5:12 b7lf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “heart” represents the person and his emotions. The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I despised people when they corrected me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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5:13 kvf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen to those who instructed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:14 he4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the person’s community that has gathered together either (1) to worship God or (2) to judge him for his offense. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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5:15 f76j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The writer speaks of a man sleeping only with his wife as if he drank water only from his own cistern or well. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:15 t8av rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of fresh or flowing water as if the water were running. Alternate translation: “fresh water” or “flowing water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:16 pe1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that his son should not do these things. Alternate translation: “Your springs should not … your streams of water should not flow in the public squares.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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5:16 u3ua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 Here the words “springs” and “streams of water” are likely euphemisms for male reproductive fluids. Possible meanings for these metaphorical phrases are (1) sleeping with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets or (2) having children with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:16 ss2w 0 Open areas in a city or town where two or more streets meet. A common place for people to meet each other and talk.
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5:17 f7ge 0 The word “them” refers to the “springs” and “streams of water” and what they stand for.
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5:17 s9wf 0 “do not share them with strangers”
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5:18 xd81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of the son’s wife as if she were a fountain. Here the word “blessed” refers to the sense of joy that the man has in his wife. Alternate translation: “May you always find joy with your wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:18 tz7f 0 Possible meanings are (1) “the wife whom you married when you were young” or (2) “your young wife.”
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5:19 n93j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of the son’s wife as if she were “a loving deer and a graceful doe.” Here “deer” and “doe” mean a female deer. They were symbols of beauty both in their appearance and in their movements. Alternate translation: “she is as beautiful and graceful as a deer or a doe” or “she is as beautiful and graceful as a female deer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:19 dv45 0 This word does not mean “full of grace,” but “beautiful while moving.”
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5:19 x1vq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Possible meanings are (1) the wife’s breasts excite the husband’s sexual desire and possibly represent the wife’s entire body. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts satisfy your desires” or “Let her body satisfy your desires” or (2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wife’s breasts satisfying the husband’s desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:19 pb8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 Intense excitement and joy from the romantic love of one’s wife is spoken of as if he was drunk from that love. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let her love control you as alcohol controls someone who is drunk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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5:19 elf2 0 Possible meanings are (1) “by your love for her” or (2) “by her love for you.”
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5:20 d78f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The writer asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that his son must not do these things. Alternate translation: “My son, do not be captivated by an adulteress! Do not embrace the breasts of an immoral woman!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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5:20 z71k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 Intense excitement that arises from the desire for a woman is spoken of as if he were being held captive by that woman. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow an adulteress to captivate you” or “allow an adulteress to fascinate you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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5:20 zr1u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “breasts” represents the immoral woman and her sexual attractiveness. Alternate translation: “why should you embrace an immoral woman” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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5:20 x9gw 0 Possible meanings are (1) “a woman who is not your wife” or (2) “a woman who is another man’s wife.”
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5:21 jh86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God knows everything that everyone does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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5:21 p1ar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of a person’s actions or lifestyle as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “everywhere he goes” or “everything he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:22 u9ya rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities as if those iniquities were people who capture the wicked person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A wicked person’s own iniquities will seize him” or “A wicked person will be unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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5:22 he5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his sin as if that sin were a trap made of cords in which the person is caught. Alternate translation: “because of his sin, he will be like an animal caught in a trap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:23 x16k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his great foolishness leads him astray” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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5:23 n1a7 0 “because he is very foolish”
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6:intro xq95 0 # Proverbs 06 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 6 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThe latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])\n\n### Numbers\n\nOccasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nThe author will use rhetorical questions to draw the reader’s attention to important points. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Animals used as types\n\nThe gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
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6:1 sb1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Implied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up your money. Alternate translation: “had to save up some of your money” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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6:1 z256 0 Possible meanings are (1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or (2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot.
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6:1 p3wd 0 This same Hebrew word can also mean “friend.”
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6:2 p9iu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is a figure of speech saying that you are going to trap yourself. Alternate translation: “you have made a trap in which you yourself are caught” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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6:2 qta7 0 “what you said” or “what you promised to do”
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6:3 d6yp 0 “protect yourself” or “help yourself out of these problems”
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6:3 zn5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is a figure of speech using the term “hand” to mean “harm.” Alternate translation: “your neighbor can bring harm to you if he wants to” or “your neighbor has power over you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
6:3 mzx9 0 “friend”
|
||
6:4 be5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 “Do not let your eyes sleep; do not let your eyelids slumber.” These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how important it is not to be lazy. It is also stated negatively for even more emphasis. Alternate translation: “Stay awake, and do what you can” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
|
||
6:4 n831 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 This is a figure of speech using parts of your face to mean your whole body. Alternate translation: “yourself … yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
6:5 xjb3 0 “Escape from your neighbor like a gazelle that flees from a hunter”
|
||
6:5 lcv3 0 This is a big, lean animal that eats grass and that people often hunt for meat. It is famous for running away quickly.
|
||
6:5 ffv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The hand of the hunter refers to the hunter’s control. Alternate translation: “from the control of the hunter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:5 fn1g 0 “and escape like a bird that flies away from a bird-hunter”
|
||
6:6 il7a 0 “Study … think about” or “carefully observe … ponder”
|
||
6:6 xh1r 0 An ant is a small insect that lives underground or in a self-built hill. They usually live in groups of thousands, and they can lift things that are much bigger than they are.
|
||
6:6 uze2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This is a figure of speech using the “ways” of an ant to refer to the behavior of the ant. Alternate translation: “consider how the ant behaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:7 tmb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These three words mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasized that no one has formal authority over an individual ant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
6:8 w9jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated to show how responsible the ant is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
6:8 c8we 0 Summer is the time of the year when some trees bear their fruit.
|
||
6:9 r6u4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 The teacher uses these questions to scold the lazy person for sleeping too much. Alternate translation: “Wake up, you lazy person! Get out of your bed!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
6:10 q6ab 0 These are the kinds of things that lazy people say.
|
||
6:10 f9h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Both of these statements mean the same thing. They can be stated as complete sentences. Alternate translation: “I will just sleep a little longer. Let me sleep lightly a little longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
6:10 c54p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 People often fold their hands while reclining in order to rest more comfortably. Alternate translation: “I will just cross my arms comfortably and rest a little” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:11 qm7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This can be stated as a new sentence to make clear that this is a result of being lazy. Alternate translation: “If you continue to be lazy, your poverty will come” or “While you sleep, poverty will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
6:11 zz4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The sudden way a lazy person becomes poor is like the sudden way a robber comes and steals things. Alternate translation: “you will suddenly become poor, just as if a robber came and stole everything you have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
6:11 r7za rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The sudden way a lazy person becomes in need of things is like the sudden way an armed soldier takes things from a person. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “and your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” or “and you will become needy just as if an armed soldier stole all your things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
6:11 vt3g 0 “a soldier who is holding a weapon” or “a man with a weapon”
|
||
6:12 sk3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two words have the same meaning and emphasize how bad this person is. Alternate translation: “A person with no value—an evil man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
6:12 q9ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here lies are spoken of as speech that is crooked. Alternate translation: “constantly tells lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:13 b2zu 0 All three of these phrases describe a way in which the evil person communicates secretly to deceive other people.
|
||
6:13 kq86 0 If someone winks, he closes one eye very briefly as a secret signal to another person. This might be a sign of trust, of approval, or of something else.
|
||
6:14 za5w 0 “He plans evil” or “He prepares to do evil deeds”
|
||
6:14 bbx6 0 “he always causes discord” or “he is constantly looking for conflict and escalating it”
|
||
6:15 n8uw 0 “For that reason”
|
||
6:15 fz64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 This implies that the disaster is chasing him like a person or an animal, and that it will catch him soon. Alternate translation: “his disaster will catch him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
6:15 j5gd 0 This refers to the disaster that will happen to him, but also the disaster that he himself caused.
|
||
6:15 h6bm 0 Both mean the same thing, and one or both of them can be replaced by “suddenly” or “very quickly.”
|
||
6:16 it1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 This whole verse is a parallelism that emphasizes that God hates several things and not just one. Alternate translation: “six things that Yahwah hates; seven things that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
6:16 akh6 0 “that make him feel disgust” or “that make you disgusting according to him”
|
||
6:17 zib9 0 This is the list of things that Yahweh hates that was introduced in [Proverbs 6:16](./16.md).
|
||
6:17 kpi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with “people.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
6:17 cip3 0 “kill” or “murder”
|
||
6:18 jq4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with “people.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
6:18 ex5v 0 “evil plans”
|
||
6:19 g2tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
6:19 r9n1 0 See how you translated this in [Proverbs 6:14](../06/14.md).
|
||
6:19 avm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This figure of speech is using “sows” to refer to causing or bringing about discord. Alternate translation: “a person who causes discord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:20 e5gm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases on the one hand mean the same thing. On the other hand, the repeated emphasis on both “father” and “mother” explicitly includes women in the whole teaching-learning process. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
6:20 u11d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 This figure of speech is using the negative “forsake” to mean the positive “obey.” Alternate translation: “obey the teaching of your mother” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
|
||
6:21 qz2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. They describe the commands and instructions as if they are written down so that you can put it in or on your body to remind yourself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:21 b76k 0 “love them” or “think about them”
|
||
6:22 r61q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These three phrases are used together to emphasize that the lessons are valuable all the time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
6:22 hw2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 The repetition of these phrases is to show that the lessons are valuable for all sorts of things. It also speaks of those lessons as if they were people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
6:23 u5p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These three phrases mean basically the same thing, and together they show the various types of lessons a father and a mother teach. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
6:23 s8lq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 All three of these mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the fact that the lessons make life better and easier. Alternate translation: “as useful as a lamp … as helpful as light in the darkness … as necessary to follow as the way of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
6:23 n5j2 0 “the way that leads to life” or “the way of living that God approves of”
|
||
6:24 p7az rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Here the word “it” refers to the lessons taught by the father and mother in [Proverbs 6:20](../06/20.md). Alternate translation: “It saves you from” or “It protects you from” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
6:24 sjp3 0 These two words mean basically the same thing. See how you translated the word “adulteress” in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md).
|
||
6:24 sw14 0 “morally evil”
|
||
6:25 ty32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of the woman’s eyelashes as if they were a trap into which the young man could fall. They are a synecdoche for her beauty and a metonym for the way the woman looks at the young man to make her want her. Alternate translation: “do not allow her to gain control over you by being beautiful and by the way she looks at you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:25 rx3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “heart” represents the mind. Alternate translation: “in your thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:25 m7d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “what is beautiful about her.” This can also be a metonym for the woman. Alternate translation: “her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:25 f4km 0 “gain control over you”
|
||
6:25 vnr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The “eyelashes” stand for the beautiful things about her body that she uses to catch a man’s attention. Alternate translation: “her beautiful eyes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
6:26 p3jv 0 This is talking about the material cost, not the spiritual cost or the moral cost. Alternate translation: “a little bit”
|
||
6:26 k5fu 0 Possible meanings are (1) the wife of another man will destroy your life because she always wants more or (2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you.
|
||
6:27 gzh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This action would be very dangerous and would cause harm. The implied answer to the question is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who carries a fire in his chest will burn his clothes.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
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6:27 sew8 0 “without destroying” or “and not destroy”
|
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6:27 pt18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 His clothes stand for him as a whole person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
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6:28 r98z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Walking on hot coals will scorch a person’s feet, so the implied answer is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who walks on hot coals will have scorched feet.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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6:28 tw8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This stands for committing adultery. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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6:28 fy6m 0 That is to slowly walk a long distance, without using tricks or magic.
|
||
6:28 kf2l 0 “burning”
|
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6:29 gh7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “the man who has sexual relations with his neighbor’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
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6:30 fwq5 0 “do not regard a thief with contempt” or “do not think a thief is evil”
|
||
6:31 n1t7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone catches him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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6:31 b9ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This figure of speech is saying that everything in his house is all that he owns. Alternate translation: “that he owns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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6:32 s8mh 0 “The person” or “The man”
|
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6:33 m2lu 0 “the appropriate punishment for what he has done”
|
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6:33 t99k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This figure of speech is using the term “disgrace” to refer to the feeling of him acting shamefully. Alternate translation: “the memory of his shameful act” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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6:33 c8nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 This figure of speech is using the negative “will not be wiped away” to refer to it always being there. Alternate translation: “will always remain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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6:34 lyk4 0 very angry
|
||
6:34 qsy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 The “he” is the neighbor whose wife has committed adultery with another man. Alternate translation: “he will not limit the pain he will cause you” or “he will hurt you as much as he can” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
|
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6:34 rc71 0 “in the moment of his revenge” or “when the moment arrives when he can take his revenge”
|
||
6:34 tk3n 0 If a person takes revenge, it is to cause hurt to the person who hurt him first.
|
||
6:35 b2ym 0 payment by one who does wrong to the person to whom he has done wrong
|
||
6:35 fly2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you cannot pay him enough money to change his mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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6:35 pc8x 0 “off. This will be true even if”
|
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7:intro pk5f 0 # Proverbs 07 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 7 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nProverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\nMany of the proverbs are stated as promises or commands, but they are intended to be advice.\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males, but is still given in the context of a father warning his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThis chapter continues the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her.
|
||
7:1 at6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:1 k635 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here God’s commands are spoken of as if they were objects that someone could put into a storeroom. Alternate translation: “memorize my commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:2 a8m4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my instructions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:2 xfb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The apple of the eye is the pupil inside the eye, which people normally instinctively protect when an object flies at their face. Here “the apple of the eye” represents whatever a person values and protects the most. Alternate translation: “as your most valuable possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
7:3 g5jv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) that the writer wanted his son to engrave certain commands from God on a ring and wear it, or (2) that the writer wanted his son to always remember God’s commands, as if he always wore a certain ring. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:3 c4yy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the heart represents a person’s mind, and remembering something well is spoken of as if the person were writing it on a stone tablet. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “remember my commands well as if you were writing them in stone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:4 jn44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “Value wisdom as you would love your sister” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
7:4 z4x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here the quality of understanding is spoken of as if it were a kinsman or relative. Alternate translation: “treat understanding as you would treat your kinsman” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
7:4 j17k 0 “relative” or “family member”
|
||
7:5 xkl2 0 This refers to any woman to whom a man is not married. Alternate translation: “the woman whom you should have nothing to do with”
|
||
7:5 y9gh 0 This refers to any woman who is not known to a man.
|
||
7:5 s251 0 Words intended to deceive are spoken of as if they were smooth objects. Alternate translation: “who says pleasant things, but wants to deceive you”
|
||
7:6 v7n1 0 a covering over a window made of thin strips of wood that cross one another in a slanted pattern that forms square-shaped openings in the pattern
|
||
7:7 ie51 0 inexperienced or immature
|
||
7:8 i1kl 0 Here “her” refers to any female stranger, as referred to in [Proverbs 7:5](../07/05.md). She was standing at a certain corner, waiting for a suitable man to pass by. Alternate translation: “the corner where a female stranger was standing”
|
||
7:8 v7v4 0 This refers to where two roads meet.
|
||
7:9 zn5n 0 the time of day when it is getting darker and about to become night
|
||
7:10 bu68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “heart” represents intentions or plans. Alternate translation: “she planned to deceive someone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:11 vkd8 0 “She talked loudly and acted in the ways she wished to”
|
||
7:11 es4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The phrase “her feet” represent the woman. Alternate translation: “she did not stay at home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
7:12 h64f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the woman is spoken of as if she were preparing to physically trap a person or an animal. Also, the idea of trapping someone here represents persuading someone to commit sin. Alternate translation: “she waited to trap someone” or “she waited to find someone she could persuade to sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:13 l1ic 0 the woman who was introduced in [Proverbs 7:10](./10.md)
|
||
7:13 sa2m 0 “took hold of him firmly”
|
||
7:13 vef7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “strong” represents “stubborn.” A “strong face” means a stubborn expression on a person’s face. This implies that the woman is acting in a stubborn way, that she is deliberately doing what she knows is wrong. Alternate translation: “with a shameless expression on her face” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:14 ei2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “vows” represents what the person promised to sacrifice to God. Alternate translation: “I made the sacrifices I promised to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:15 fys2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “face” represents the person and especially the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “look for you” or “find out where you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
7:17 g7k4 0 “scattered on my bed”
|
||
7:17 ibk7 0 A type of wood from a tree that smells good.
|
||
7:17 q1mx 0 This is a spice made from the bark of a tree that smells and tastes good.
|
||
7:18 h91x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the pleasures of romantic love are spoken of as if they were something good to drink. Alternate translation: “let us make love to each other as much as we want” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:19 vc42 0 “is not at home”
|
||
7:20 zw96 0 The moon is said to be full when it is a perfectly round disk, shining at its brightest.
|
||
7:21 ptg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 To persuade someone to act in a certain way is spoken of as if it were changing the direction that person was walking. Alternate translation: “she persuaded him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:21 ev91 0 The female is the married woman who wants to sleep with “him,” the young man.
|
||
7:21 l3nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “lips” represents what a person says. When a person flatters someone else by saying things that are not sincere, these words are spoken of as if they were a smooth object. Alternate translation: “flattering, deceiving words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:21 c6k6 0 “she persuaded him to do something evil” Alternate translation: “she convinced him to sin with her”
|
||
7:22 rvi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This seems to imply that the young man took very little time to think about what he should do. Alternate translation: “He quickly decided to go after her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
7:22 tal5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way two animals are unaware of the danger they are in. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
7:22 pk4m 0 This refers to killing an animal in order to eat its meat.
|
||
7:22 qrn6 0 See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 5:19](../05/19.md).
|
||
7:23 r6zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way an animal is unaware of the danger he is in. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
7:23 t5u4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This passage implies that a hunter has trapped the deer in order to shoot it with arrows. Alternate translation: “until a hunter shoots it in its most important part” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
7:23 i4e6 0 Here this organ represents a very important part of the deer’s body.
|
||
7:23 zvp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is a way of saying that this person will die as a result. Alternate translation: “it would kill him” or “he would die soon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
7:24 wen3 0 This is to focus the attention of the speaker’s sons on the conclusion of this lesson.
|
||
7:25 gk8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “ways” means the paths that a person chooses to walk on. It represents the person’s behavior, the things that he decides to do in life. Alternate translation: “Make your heart stay far away from the ways of the adulterous woman” or “Do not let your heart want to do the things that the adulterous woman does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:25 wm1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “heart” represents a person, emphasizing his desires. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
7:25 l3s9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 This means the same as the sentence before it. It strengthens the first warning. Alternate translation: “do not leave the right path in order to go on her paths” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
7:26 xx9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Being pierced by spears or arrows represents being killed. Alternate translation: “She has caused many people to fall dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:27 g21s 0 Here “paths” represents the kinds of behavior that foolish people participate in. Sheol was the name for the world of the dead.
|
||
7:27 ry42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that the woman’s victims will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
7:27 prr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This expression pictures the dead as sleeping in many different rooms in Sheol. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
8:intro z8jj 0 # Proverbs 08 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 8 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. These chapters operate more as a unit then many of the following chapters in this book.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nThe addressee of this chapter is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5-7. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
|
||
8:1 qsc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 In chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. Many verses in chapter 8 have parallelisms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
8:1 v9h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question is used to remind the readers of something they should already know. Alternate translation: “Wisdom calls out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
8:1 i9hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here wisdom is imagined as a woman. If a language does not allow this kind of metaphor, other possible translations are: (1) “Is not wisdom like a woman who calls out?” (2) “Does not a woman named Wisdom call out?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
8:1 pt6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Here “Understanding” means the same as “Wisdom.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
8:1 k4ug 0 “speak”
|
||
8:3 z73y 0 In ancient times, cities usually had outer walls with gates in them.
|
||
8:3 nkc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 This continues to refer to Wisdom, personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
8:4 gv2w 0 Wisdom speaks to the people in verses 4-36.
|
||
8:4 jxm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “voice” represents the words that are spoken. Alternate translation: “my words are for the sons of mankind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
8:4 j5l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This is metonymy representing all human beings. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
8:5 er9q 0 inexperienced or immature
|
||
8:5 t3h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract word “wisdom’ refers to what a wise person believes and to the way in which he acts. Alternate translation: “learn how a wise person acts” or “learn what it means to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
8:5 bg5r 0 “you must begin to understand things with your mind”
|
||
8:6 uv73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “lips” represents a person’s mouth, with which he speaks. Alternate translation: “when I open my mouth to speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
8:6 a3zk 0 proper or just
|
||
8:7 s9bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “mouth” represents a person who speaks. Alternate translation: “I speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
8:7 f6mp 0 “what people should believe”
|
||
8:7 juy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “lips” represents a person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “wickedness is disgusting to me” or “saying wicked things would be disgusting to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
8:7 hz9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 Here the abstract noun “wickedness” represents wicked speech. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
8:8 am3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The “mouth” stands for the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “The things I teach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
8:8 btx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Twisting a message is a metaphor for changing a true message into a false one. Alternate translation: “nothing false” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
8:9 nn5r 0 honest and clear
|
||
8:9 jyh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This probably means that those who find knowledge will easily understand that the speaker’s words are upright. Here “words” represent a message or teaching. Alternate translation: “those who know what is right and what is wrong consider what I teach to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
8:9 f1c2 0 true and honest
|
||
8:10 w8ks 0 “You should try much harder to understand my instructions than to get silver”
|
||
8:11 wl6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations 0 Here Wisdom, personified as a woman, is not speaking. However, it is possible to make Wisdom the speaker here as well. Alternate translation: “For I, Wisdom, am better than jewels; no treasure is equal to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||
8:12 mj24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Prudence is also represented here as a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
8:12 b8xj 0 caution or good judgment
|
||
8:12 jk94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract ideas “knowledge” and “discrete” can be expressed in other ways. Alternate translation: “I am knowledgeable and discreet” or “I know many things, and I am careful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
8:12 xcu8 0 being careful about what we say and do; being cautious not to cause hurt or harm to others
|
||
8:13 rf21 0 “wicked talk”
|
||
8:13 gp8g 0 turned from what is right
|
||
8:14 cnc2 0 “wise suggestions”
|
||
8:14 guc9 0 counsel that is given to help someone
|
||
8:14 sne9 0 good, reliable
|
||
8:14 w3ju rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here Wisdom is spoken of as if she were insight. Alternate translation: “I have insight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
8:16 hg7e 0 noblemen, leading members of important families in the nation
|
||
8:17 xz9h 0 This refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives.
|
||
8:17 e3jr 0 with careful and continued effort
|
||
8:18 k7hf 0 “I have riches and honor”
|
||
8:18 a275 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 This explains what is meant by “riches and honor.” This can be made clear with the connecting statement “therefore.” Alternate translation: “therefore, I will give lasting wealth and righteousness to those who find me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
|
||
8:18 q481 0 “the ability to live in a right way”
|
||
8:19 eyc2 0 what wisdom produces or causes
|
||
8:19 rqy3 0 the benefit or gain that wisdom causes
|
||
8:20 tks1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Living the right way is spoken of as walking on the right road. Alternate translation: “I live right” or “I do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
8:20 rg74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This tells more of what is meant by “the path of righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I do what is perfectly just” or “I only do what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
8:21 mg4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 storehouses for valuable things. Wisdom is spoken of as a woman who fills the storehouses of her followers with valuable things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
8:22 xu3p 0 “I was the first of the things he created then”
|
||
8:23 mh2d 0 “Very long ago”
|
||
8:23 v4tq 0 The word “age” refers to a general, extended period of time.
|
||
8:23 mth7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The idea of beginnings can be translated in a less abstract way. Alternate translation: “from when God created the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
8:24 ii7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
8:25 u2m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 “Before the bases of the mountains were put into place.” This can also be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Before God made the foundations of the mountains and put them into their proper places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
8:26 z5y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
8:26 asn5 0 “I was alive”
|
||
8:27 nk15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
8:27 z8lx 0 To establish something is to bring into being on a stable basis. Alternate translation: “created” or “made”
|
||
8:27 b5db rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to setting a limit to how far someone in a ship at sea can see all around himself. Alternate translation: “when he marked on the ocean’s surface how far a person at sea can see in every direction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
8:27 ae6e 0 “the ocean”
|
||
8:28 q6zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
8:28 wnj8 0 brought into permanent being
|
||
8:28 z2v2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God fixed the springs in the deep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
8:28 zv8f 0 The ancient Hebrews thought that the ocean got its water from springs at the bottom of the sea.
|
||
8:29 pd76 0 “when he created the shorelines for the oceans. The “limit for the sea” divided the oceans from the dry land.
|
||
8:29 vk7f 0 The Hebrew word for “earth” also often means “land.”
|
||
8:29 f3j9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God set the limit for the foundations of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
8:30 ph2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 This is still wisdom speaking. Wisdom now says she was right next to Yahweh, implying that she was his assistant in creating the world. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
8:30 ky7x 0 This is a person who has trained for years to make useful things very well, like furniture or houses.
|
||
8:30 k4ct rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 “I was what made him happy.” The word “delight” is an abstract noun that can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he was happy because of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
8:30 a22n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is a way to express the idea of a habitual action or of a continuous condition. Alternate translation: “continually” or “the whole time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
8:31 pw91 0 “the whole world he created” or “everything he created”
|
||
8:31 wnq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This refers to human beings in general. Alternate translation: “the people he brought into existence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
8:32 ly1a 0 This is to focus the attention of the children to the conclusion of this lesson.
|
||
8:32 hwt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
8:32 m6ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “my ways” represents wisdom’s behavior. Alternate translation: “those who do what I teach” or “the people who follow my example” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
8:33 ky6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 “do not disregard” Alternate translation: “be sure to pay attention to” or “be sure to follow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
|
||
8:34 i55j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of “watching” are (1) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s home in the morning in order to serve her, or (2) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s house for her to come and teach him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
8:35 z6lm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
8:36 hfn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
8:36 yl6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The complete thought is, “he who fails to find me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
8:36 w73k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “life” represents the person’s self. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
9:intro y75r 0 # Proverbs 09 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 9 concludes a collection of proverbs that operate as a unit about wisdom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nThe addressee of chapters 8 and 9 is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her.
|
||
9:1 m12a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 These verses begin a parable in which wisdom is imagined to be a woman who is giving good advice to people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
9:1 s64d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The writer speaks about wisdom as if it were a woman who has built her own house. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
9:2 x5sw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers to animals whose meat will be eaten in the dinner that Wisdom will give. Alternate translation: “She has killed the animals for meat at dinner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
9:2 ywr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
9:2 h2zm 0 “she has prepared her table”
|
||
9:3 p6e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 These verses begin to give the message of Wisdom, who is personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
9:3 akl3 0 These maids went out and invited people to come to the feast that Wisdom had prepared.
|
||
9:3 ugn5 0 Young women or girls who are in the service of a respectable, adult woman, such as Wisdom.
|
||
9:3 n6ha 0 “she proclaims” or “she summons” Alternate translation: “she loudly recites her invitation”
|
||
9:3 x798 0 The invitation is shouted from the highest points so that it will be best heard by all the people.
|
||
9:4 h6sj 0 These two phrases describe the same group of people, those who need more wisdom in their lives. Here the question is addressed to all such people. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is naive, let … anyone lacking good sense”
|
||
9:4 dj7m 0 “is inexperienced or immature”
|
||
9:4 s4da 0 “leave his path and come into my house”
|
||
9:5 h6ck 0 These verses continue the message of Wisdom.
|
||
9:5 n3eu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||
9:5 stm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
9:6 b9ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||
9:6 ejw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here naive actions are spoken of as if they were a place that a person could leave. Alternate translation: “Stop your naive behavior” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
9:6 f53k 0 “inexperienced, immature actions”
|
||
9:6 lpn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the process of understanding wisdom is spoken of as if it were a path that a person could follow. Alternate translation: “the manner of living that a wise person has” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
9:7 x5sc 0 These verses continue the message of Wisdom.
|
||
9:7 vif7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
9:7 kjm2 0 Someone who habitually mocks people. Alternate translation: “someone who says insulting things about other people” or “someone who likes to make other people look bad”
|
||
9:7 m22a 0 “receives harsh treatment”
|
||
9:7 g88g 0 “whoever corrects”
|
||
9:8 fpc4 0 “Do not correct”
|
||
9:9 c8r2 0 These two commands actually represent conditional statements. Alternate translation: “If you give to a wise person, he … if you teach a righteous person, he”
|
||
9:9 y95j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
9:9 n1f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to giving instruction to a wise person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
9:10 s7rg 0 These verses finish the message of Wisdom.
|
||
9:10 l6yl 0 See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
|
||
9:11 uv8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “I will multiply your days” or “I will cause you to live many more days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
9:11 wpx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Wisdom, personified as a woman, continues to speak here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
9:11 rk9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are used to emphasize the great benefits wisdom has. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
9:11 u5qf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Wisdom speaks of years of life as if they were physical objects. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will add years of life to you” or “I will add years to your life” or “I will enable you to live longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
9:12 z3ez 0 These two statements seem to mean that wise people gain advantages for themselves because of their wisdom, and mockers suffer because of their behavior.
|
||
9:12 zei6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the consequence of one’s bad behavior as if it were a heavy load that one had to carry on his back. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
9:13 q38d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 These verses begin to describe foolishness, which is also personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
9:13 ix9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 It is possible to translate “foolishness” as a description such as “A foolish woman.” However, if a language allows wisdom to be personified, as in the previous part of this chapter, it may also allow foolishness to be personified. Alternate translation: “The woman Foolishness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
9:13 lbv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two expressions basically mean the same thing, which is repeated to show how useless the foolish woman is. Alternate translation: “she does not know anything at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
9:13 tk38 0 “she has not learned from experience” or “she is young and naive”
|
||
9:15 cqd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This seems to be an idiom for “thinking only of their own affairs” or “minding their own business.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
9:16 ck1n 0 “is inexperienced or immature”
|
||
9:16 rs92 0 “leave his path and come here”
|
||
9:16 zyq4 0 This is the foolish woman who was introduced in [Proverbs 9:13](./13.md).
|
||
9:16 lfx9 0 “those who do not have wisdom” or “those who are not wise”
|
||
9:17 jsi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The foolish woman speaks of the pleasure of stolen waters and bread of secrecy to tell men that if they sleep with her, they will have pleasure. This can be stated clearly in a simile: “You can enjoy me just as you enjoy water that you have stolen or bread that is secret” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
9:18 kg4h 0 “that the men who have gone to her are now dead”
|
||
9:18 k1fh 0 “Sheol” refers to the world of the dead.
|
||
10:intro fhy5 0 # Proverbs 10 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||
10:1 i2yb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Many verses in Chapter 10 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
10:1 tab7 0 After the introduction of Chapters 1-9, Chapter 10 begins the collection of the proverbs; short sayings that teach wisdom.
|
||
10:2 ffz8 0 acquired over time
|
||
10:3 df3m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “soul” refers to the person. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes sure those who do what is right have food to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
|
||
10:4 e3ef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “A person unwilling to work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
10:4 yly7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “person who works hard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
10:6 k7j2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The “head” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “are given to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
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10:6 y4mb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “words the wicked speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
10:6 k4dp 0 hides the truth
|
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10:7 e1w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “name” represents a person’s reputation. Alternate translation: “memory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
10:8 e725 0 “be destroyed” or “be made useless”
|
||
10:9 ps6l 0 not straight; deformed; dishonest; deceitful
|
||
10:10 mi1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 “Winking the eye” represents a secretive sign for being cruel to someone else. Alternate translation: “He who makes a signal with a gesture” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
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10:10 p957 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A person who is ruined is spoken of as if he were thrown down. Alternate translation: “others will ruin him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
10:11 f47s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “The speech of a righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
10:11 tv58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun 0 This refers to righteous people in general. Alternate translation: “righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
|
||
10:11 h2ny rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This person’s speech is spoken of as if it preserved living animals or people, as a water spring would do in a dry land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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10:11 bz8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 That is, the wicked person appears to say harmless things, but plans to violent things against other people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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||
10:11 elp1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “the speech of a wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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||
10:11 jt58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun 0 This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
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||
10:12 ph1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Love acts like a person who quiets trouble between people instead of stirring it up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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||
10:13 n8pk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “in what a sensible person says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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||
10:13 ww93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Rod” represents strong, physical punishment and “the back” represents the person who receives the punishment. Alternate translation: “a person who has no sense needs forceful punishment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
10:14 ej72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words from a foolish person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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10:15 fd3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This represents wealth as a safe place. Alternate translation: “his safety” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:16 im19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 These terms normally refer to the money a worker earns. Here they represents the results of either doing what is right or doing what is wrong. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:17 k6n3 0 “The person who obeys wise instruction will have a long and happy life”
|
||
10:17 st2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the one who does not obey wise instruction will not have a good life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
10:18 d6bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “tells lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
10:19 zc3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “there is much sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
|
||
10:20 h1pz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whatever a righteous person says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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||
10:20 pvj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “Silver” represents valuable sayings. Alternate translation: “is extremely valuable” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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||
10:21 h4rr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The sayings of a righteous man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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||
10:21 kp6k 0 cause them to develop or grow stronger
|
||
10:23 l951 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A game is an activity people do for pleasure. Alternate translation: “Fools find pleasure in wickedness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:24 xai5 0 overcome someone
|
||
10:25 ci43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Just as storm comes and sweeps everything away so wicked people will disappear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
10:25 v58h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “Foundation” represents the base or a beginning of something that people build over. Alternate translation: “is a start for something that lasts forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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10:26 fk5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 “Vinegar” and “smoke” represent things that hurt a person’s teeth and eyes. Alternate translation: “Sending a lazy person to accomplish a task is irritating and unpleasant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
10:26 i1xh 0 a sour liquid used to flavor or preserve foods
|
||
10:27 rv8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “Years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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10:28 pds2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:30 ub25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 This can be stated as active and positive: Alternate translation: “will be secure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
10:31 f7hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the righteous man’s words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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10:31 amx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “God will shut the mouths of people who say what is false” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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||
10:32 y79y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “righteous person knows how to speak acceptably” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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||
10:32 ay8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
11:intro uk6v 0 # Proverbs 11 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 11 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||
11:1 hzq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Many verses in Chapter 11 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
11:1 g3jt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “Scales” represent measuring accurately in negotiating. Alternate translation: “God hates deceiving scales” or “God hates it when people are deceitful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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11:1 pe2q 0 “Precise weight” represents accuracy in negotiating. Alternate translation: “but he delights in honest ways” or “but he is happy when people are honest”
|
||
11:3 rj24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who are treacherous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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||
11:4 r538 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The “day of wrath” represents a specific event, such as the “day of Yahweh” or “judgment day” or “last days.” Alternate translation: “A person’s wealth will do him no good when God comes to judge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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||
11:5 lc4r 0 “has clear direction”
|
||
11:5 vhe9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
11:6 v49j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are treacherous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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||
11:6 b5vy 0 “those who do evil are captured by their passions”
|
||
11:6 rhq7 0 ready to betray trust; traitorous; deceptive
|
||
11:7 dz8x 0 “the confidence he has in his own power”
|
||
11:7 zn33 0 “disappears”
|
||
11:8 z4am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God keeps away from trouble the person who does what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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11:8 u873 0 “trouble comes”
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11:9 r7vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The words of the godless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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||
11:11 sim1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “City” represents the community or people group. Alternate translation: “the people group prospers” or “the community becomes prosperous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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11:11 p4sd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of evil people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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11:13 en2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “Covered” represents keeping things concealed as much as possible. Alternate translation: “does not tell” or “does not speak about the matter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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11:14 a9wq 0 those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors
|
||
11:15 j2ce 0 “one who refuses to give”
|
||
11:16 bvh9 0 people without pity or compassion; cruel people
|
||
11:16 h7rd 0 “are greedy for wealth”
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||
11:17 dxp9 0 “a person who”
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11:18 imr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 To “sow” represents spreading out to gain more. Alternate translation: “spreads out what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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11:18 ln8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 To “reap” represents acquiring or gathering in” Alternate translation: “will surely be rewarded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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11:19 ibb6 0 “the person who”
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11:19 un2d 0 “chases after evil” or “seeks to do evil”
|
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11:20 r5lt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “who have wicked thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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11:21 gh2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “will certainly be punished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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11:22 y2me rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 A beautiful woman without discretion is compared to a useless and unsuitable golden ring in a pig’s nose. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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11:22 fe2p 0 “without common sense” or “who is foolish”
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11:24 x29n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This is a metaphor for a person who becomes more wealthy by being generous. Alternate translation: “Some people give freely to others and yet become more wealthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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11:24 v6x4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 You may need to make explicit that the person scatters seeds for crops to grow. Alternate translation: “one who scatters much seed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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11:24 gmp8 0 “will gain even more”
|
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11:24 p1q7 0 This refers to a person who thinks that he can become rich by refusing to be generous.
|
||
11:25 q9vb 0 “will gain more”
|
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11:25 lf1i 0 “the generous person who” or “anyone who”
|
||
11:26 eb69 0 This describes the person who hoards his wealth instead of helping those in need.
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11:26 h1qp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “Crown” represents the reward or award for the person who is willing to sell grain. Alternate translation: “good gifts are given as a crown of honor to him who sells it” or “the person who sells it is honored with many blessings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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11:27 k6ug 0 the one who seeks with careful and continued effort
|
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11:28 q218 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Here “fall” represents destruction or failure. Alternate translation: “will be destroyed” or “awaits a bad future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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11:28 p1e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 “Leaf” represents growth and prosperity. Alternate translation: “righteous people will prosper in the same way a healthy green leaf grows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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11:28 mf6v 0 This means that righteous people will thrive or prosper.
|
||
11:29 p1pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The “wind” is a metaphor for something that cannot be grasped or has no value. Alternate translation: “inherit nothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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11:30 q7ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 A person who does what is right is compared to a tree that produces life as its fruit. Alternate translation: “Those who do right will bring life to themselves and others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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11:30 hlz7 0 See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/18.md).
|
||
11:31 s8p9 0 “even more so”
|
||
12:intro x2lg 0 # Proverbs 12 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 12 continues the section of the book (Chapter 10-22) which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||
12:1 ktr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 The author uses [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] throughout this chapter. Verses 1-15 contrast wisdom and foolishness.
|
||
12:1 r7h6 0 “Any person who”
|
||
12:1 tz7m 0 “the person who does not want to be told what to do”
|
||
12:1 nj5f 0 “is foolish” or “is unwise”
|
||
12:3 nly2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one can become safe and secure by doing what is wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
12:3 md5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “Uprooted” represents being pulled out of the ground like a plant or a tree. This cannot happen to those who do right. Alternate translation: “are as stable as a tree with deep roots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
12:4 wh4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A crown represents the greatest honor a person can receive. Alternate translation: “A good wife is a sign of great honor for her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
12:4 ced6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 A disease that rots the bones represents the spoiling of a person’s life. Alternate translation: “a wife’s shameful acts destroy her husband’s influence and happiness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
12:6 sw3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The deceitful things that wicked people say in order to harm other people are spoken of as if their words are waiting to kill someone by surprise. Alternate translation: “The deceitful things wicked people say are like a person who waits to kill someone by surprise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
12:6 n6s7 0 “the advice from an upright person keeps people safe”
|
||
12:6 au1h 0 “the righteous person” or “the honest person” or “the just person”
|
||
12:7 qw8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will overthrow the wicked people” or “People will remove the wicked people from power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
12:7 t5c3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The term “house” is often used figuratively in the Bible to refer to a person’s ancestors, descendants or other relatives. Alternate translation: “family” or “descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
12:8 hfu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will praise those who have wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
12:8 hq69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will hate the one who always thinks evil thoughts” or “people will hate the one who takes good things and twists them into bad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
12:10 uxx4 0 “causes suffering”
|
||
12:11 wl9h 0 “worthless plans” or “worthless tasks”
|
||
12:12 b6y1 0 This refers to a person’s actions and thoughts. Just as fruit on a tree shows what kind of tree it is, in the same way a person’s words and actions reveal what his character is like.
|
||
12:13 ak1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Trapped” represents being caught in a snare or being tricked. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The wicked things an evil person says will trap him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
12:14 z5v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The phrase, “the work of his hands” represents work done by physical labor. Alternate translation: “just as the good work he does rewards him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
12:15 lr2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This phrase represents the idea he has from his own observation, imagination or memory. Alternate translation: “in his own opinion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
12:15 wlp9 0 wise suggestions
|
||
12:16 n8pr 0 “is wise” or “has good sense.”
|
||
12:18 k26n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The phrase, “thrusts of a sword” represents cruel words that hurt another. Alternate translation: “What a person says without thinking can hurt as much as if he stabbed with a sword” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
12:18 avt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what wise people say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
12:18 mpg6 0 “comforts and heals”
|
||
12:19 wm6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “A truthful person endures forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
12:19 r5ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the one who lies lasts only for a moment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
12:20 xs9w 0 those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors
|
||
12:21 d4zt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 The negative, “No” cancels out the idea of “ill” (bad things that happen). Alternate translation: “Good things come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
|
||
12:22 x3ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests those who tell lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
12:23 qi9m 0 “does not tell everything he knows”
|
||
12:24 j53h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Hand” represents what a person does -- his works. Alternate translation: “Diligent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
12:24 ymw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Forced labor” describes what a person must do who is not free to do what he wants. Alternate translation: “will become a slave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
12:25 qts2 0 uneasy feeling of fear or dread, worry
|
||
12:25 n82f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “Weighing down” represents the idea of putting a very heavy load on a person so he cannot move freely. This phrase means to make a person sad or depressed. Alternate translation: “causes him to become sad or depressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
12:25 z6n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “word” can be stated as the verb “speak.” Alternate translation: “but when others speak kindly to him, he is cheerful again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
12:27 gdt7 0 “Game” means animals caught and killed while hunting. And “roast” is a way of cooking food.
|
||
12:27 vz9v 0 “valuable treasure”
|
||
13:intro nh7k 0 # Proverbs 13 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
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13:1 ugs5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hears” represents listening in order to do it. Alternate translation: “A wise son obeys” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
13:1 sy9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “listen” represents paying attention in order to do it. Alternate translation: “will not learn from rebuke” or “will not obey, despite rebuke” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
13:2 zu98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “fruit” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the words of his mouth” or “From what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
13:2 w883 0 the desire or liking for something
|
||
13:2 mgn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
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13:3 xb3d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
13:3 bd6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Opening the lips represents speaking, and opening them wide represents speaking too often or too much. Alternate translation: “speaks a lot” or “talks too much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
13:4 c7yc 0 See how you translated this in [Proverbs 13:2](../13/02.md).
|
||
13:4 z2sk 0 “strongly desires but gets nothing”
|
||
13:4 rj8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 Here “appetite” represents desire. Alternate translation: “diligent people will have a richly satisfied life” or “being diligent will make people richly satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
13:4 z1wm 0 people who work with careful and continued effort
|
||
13:5 i9t2 0 causing a strong feeling of disgust
|
||
13:6 gt48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 “Righteousness” represents a way of life approved by Yahweh. This quality acts like a person who protects. Alternate translation: “A way of life approved by Yahweh protects” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
13:6 iac2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “path” represents how a person directs his life. Alternate translation: “who are faultless in their way of living” or “who live lives of integrity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
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13:6 r21h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here “wickedness” represents an evil conduct of life. This quality acts like a person who turns away those who commit sin. Alternate translation: “wickedness turns sinners away from a successful path” or “wickedness ruins sinners’ lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
13:7 z16h 0 “who makes himself rich”
|
||
13:8 mre8 0 Possible meanings are (1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or (2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. Alternate translation: “does not listen to rebuke”
|
||
13:9 ev8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the light represents the righteous person’s life or good behavior, and rejoicing represents causing people to rejoice. Alternate translation: “The life of a righteous person is like a light that causes people to rejoice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
13:9 ibt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the lamp represents the life or behavior of wicked people, and “be put out” is an idiom that means that a fire is stopped. The lamp being put out represents either the person dying or the person’s life not giving any joy. Alternate translation: “the lives of wicked people are like a lamp whose fire will be stopped” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
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13:10 c8hy 0 “Pride always causes conflict”
|
||
13:10 n32q 0 “heed” or “follow”
|
||
13:10 ujq3 0 suggestions that are helpful and profitable
|
||
13:11 u1q4 0 “Wealth decreases” or “Wealth slowly disappears”
|
||
13:11 i2l4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The phrase “working with his hand” refers to physical work instead of only mental or other types of work. Many people give physical work a low value. Alternate translation: “working with physical strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
13:11 j3nn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Money is compared to a tree that grows. Alternate translation: “make his money increase” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
13:12 v8h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hope” represents the thing a person hopes for. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When a person hopes for something but does not receive it for a very long time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
13:12 gfi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Breaking a person’s heart represents overwhelming that person with sadness. Alternate translation: “it causes intense sadness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
13:12 k7pf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Someone receiving what they hoped for and becoming very happy is spoken of as if the fulfillment of their hope were a tree that gives life. Alternate translation: “a longing fulfilled is like a tree of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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13:12 isa3 0 “a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/18.md).
|
||
13:13 a5vy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will reward the one who respects the command” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
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13:14 uhi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A fountain is a good source of water and here represents a source of life. Alternate translation: “a bountiful source of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
13:14 h871 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “snares” represent dangers that will kill. Alternate translation: “traps that lead to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
13:15 r4vi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here a person’s behavior or conduct is spoken of as if it were a way or path that a person walks. A person being ruined by their own treachery is spoken of as if they are on a way or path that never ends. Alternate translation: “but the behavior of the treacherous will cause their own destruction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
13:15 up13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
13:16 g6vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 To “parade” means to display in front of everyone. Alternate translation: “a fool displays his foolishness to everyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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13:17 h4gr 0 “is unreliable” or “does something evil”
|
||
13:17 pfh6 0 “a faithful messenger” or “a faithful diplomat”
|
||
13:18 m4d7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “correction” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
13:19 h11i 0 “is a delight” or “brings joy”
|
||
13:19 fv8k 0 the desire or liking for something
|
||
13:20 k77z 0 “will experience harm” or “will be ruined”
|
||
13:21 ddh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 “Disaster” is given human characteristics like the ability to run. Alternate translation: “Sinners have trouble wherever they go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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||
13:21 ecr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God rewards righteous people with good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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13:22 amv1 0 “the sons of his sons” or “the children of his children” or “his descendants”
|
||
13:22 fi9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the one who does right will receive the wealth that a sinner has stored up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
13:23 z3px 0 “A field that is not prepared for food production” or “An empty field not ready for planting”
|
||
13:23 h46l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “Swept away” represents completely removing something. This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “but injustice takes away that food” or “but unjust people take the food away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
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13:24 jp8a 0 “makes sure to instruct him”
|
||
13:25 a593 0 “he has satisfied himself” or “he fulfills his desires”
|
||
13:25 azl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “stomach” represents the desires of a person. Alternate translation: “the wicked person is always hungry for more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:intro gbj2 0 # Proverbs 14 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
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14:1 r3rp 0 “builds up her house” or “makes her house better”
|
||
14:1 tv3l 0 Possible meanings are (1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or (2) this may refer to her family.
|
||
14:1 l2y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The woman is represented by her “hands.” Alternate translation: “by herself” or “by the way she behaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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14:2 qgn4 0 “The person who … the person who”
|
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14:2 qnc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “Walks” represents the conduct of life. Alternate translation: “conducts his life in a just and honest way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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14:2 we9s 0 “grossly disrespects him” or “shows that he hates him”
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||
14:2 c17i 0 The word “his” refers to the dishonest man and “him” refers to Yahweh.
|
||
14:3 a16n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The mouth and the lips both refer to what a person says. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:3 ixb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The rod with which people will punish the fool by hitting him on his back for his foolish words is a metonym for the words that come out of his mouth. Alternate translation: “words that will cause people to punish him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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14:3 c2ir 0 This word is plural. “wise men” or “wise people”
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14:3 gru7 0 “will keep them from harm” or “will keep them safe”
|
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14:4 w12s 0 A “trough” is a container in which you put the food for animals.
|
||
14:4 e3k8 0 “a good harvest”
|
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14:4 diy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Strength” represents the strong work an ox can do. Alternate translation: “because of the work an ox does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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14:5 j6d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md).
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14:6 wm35 0 “and wisdom is not there” or “but he will not find wisdom”
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14:6 ek6h 0 “is easily found by” or “acquires without difficulty”
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14:6 xv2j 0 “the one who is wise” or “a person who has understanding”
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14:7 ud4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “from his speech” or “with his comments” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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14:8 e2qn 0 a person who has good judgment or sense
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14:8 vp9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “way” represents the conduct of life of a person. Alternate translation: “his conduct” or “how he lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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14:8 vug2 0 The foolishness of fools is that they think they are wise, when they are not.
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14:9 m1s1 0 “at guilt” or “at the guilt offering” The meaning behind this phrase is that fools do not apologize to God or men for the things they do wrong.
|
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14:9 t24p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the upright enjoy favor together” or “but God’s favor is experienced together among the upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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14:10 xxe9 0 “its own sorrow” or “its own sadness”
|
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14:10 y94d 0 “those who do not know him”
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14:11 c5yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “tent” represents everything that happens within it. Alternate translation: “the household” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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14:11 d165 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “flourish” means vigorous blooming of flowers and so represents anything that grows strongly. Alternate translation: “to do well and last long” or “to be healthy” or “to be very successful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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14:12 y8gw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “way” represents the conduct of life a person follows. Alternate translation: “People think that the way they are living is the right way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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14:13 n7lp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “A person’s feelings can show laughter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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14:13 j3ih 0 “experience pain” or “hurt”
|
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14:14 a8j9 0 “The person who”
|
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14:14 c5in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “ways” represents a person’s conduct of life. Alternate translation: “what he deserves, based on how he lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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14:14 qe8k 0 “what belongs to him” or “what he has a right to”
|
||
14:15 i558 0 inexperienced or immature
|
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14:15 h73m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the idea of footsteps represents a person’s behavior. Alternate translation: “his actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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14:16 z79v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place. Alternate translation: “avoids doing evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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14:16 dy6s 0 “boldly ignores”
|
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14:17 yez8 0 “becomes angry quickly”
|
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14:18 j5kv 0 inexperienced or immature
|
||
14:18 c2ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “inherit” represents having permanent possession of something. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
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14:18 aj35 0 The word “foolishness” is an abstract noun that represents foolish thinking and foolish actions.
|
||
14:18 rq9a 0 “wise people”
|
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14:18 spn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were a beautiful ornament worn on one’s head, such as a turban with jewels. Alternate translation: “wear knowledge as a turban” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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14:19 b4i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 This means to bend over to humbly express respect and submission toward someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
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14:19 e892 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “gates” represents an entrance to meet with another. This means the wicked will have to wait for the righteous person and beg to enter his presence. Alternate translation: “to meet with the righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
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14:20 h5ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone hates the poor person even his own neighbors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
14:21 fy3m 0 “The person … the person”
|
||
14:21 d4gp 0 “poor people”
|
||
14:22 m1cw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The assumed answer to this question is “yes.” Alternate translation: “Those who plot evil will go astray.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
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14:22 ie8f 0 “who make evil plans” or “who make plans to do evil things”
|
||
14:22 mmn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “God will show himself to be trustworthy and faithful to his covenant to those who plan to do what is good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
14:23 k11f 0 “but if you only talk” or “but when all a person does is talking”
|
||
14:24 dc97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “crown” represents the highest achievement possible and visible to all. Alternate translation: “The reward of wise people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
14:24 u3bw 0 See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 14:8](../14/08.md).
|
||
14:25 wkc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
14:27 c8u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A “fountain” is a bountiful source of water and represents here the source of life. Alternate translation: “source of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
14:27 r5t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A “snare” is a sort of trap used to hunt animals and represents something tricky and dangerous that will kill. Alternate translation: “from the trap that will kill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
14:28 vxf7 0 “how many people he rules”
|
||
14:28 yp94 0 “the prince has nothing and his kingdom will fall”
|
||
14:29 n61r 0 a person who is quick to become angry
|
||
14:30 lqn3 0 “A peaceful mindset” or “An attitude that is at peace”
|
||
14:30 l819 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “rots” represents the decay of a person and “bones” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be unhealthy in body and spirit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
14:31 k67r 0 “The person who … the person who”
|
||
14:31 b6nz 0 This means to express a desire that bad things will happen to someone.
|
||
14:31 xhv2 0 “a poor person … a needy person”
|
||
14:31 k2td 0 “is kind to” or “helps”
|
||
14:32 t8gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “evil actions push over” or “evil actions destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
14:33 axk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is in the attitude” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
14:33 t41l 0 “a discerning person”
|
||
14:33 r61l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she makes sure people know her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
14:33 xi3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The word “she” refers to wisdom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
14:34 dl6h 0 “brings shame upon to any people” or “should cause any people to be ashamed”
|
||
14:35 qjf7 0 “who acts wisely” or “who makes sure bad things do not happen”
|
||
14:35 vi56 0 “the servant who”
|
||
15:intro l872 0 # Proverbs 15 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||
15:1 x2lh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Causing a person to stop being angry is spoken of as if it were turning that person’s wrath away. Alternate translation: “Answering a person gently will calm that person’s wrath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
15:1 hu6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Causing a person to become more angry is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening anger. Alternate translation: “but speaking harshly causes that person to become more angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
15:2 w6ic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “tongue” refers to the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “Wise people compliment knowledge when they speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
15:2 sjz8 0 “makes knowledge attractive” or “uses knowledge correctly”
|
||
15:2 ncr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of fools’ mouths as if they were containers and of folly as if it were the liquid that filled them. When fools speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouth” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “fools are always speaking folly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
15:3 w8rc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh and emphasizes his ability to see everything. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sees everything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
15:3 bw6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 The words “evil” and “good” refer to people. Alternate translation: “evil people and good people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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15:4 wt85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “tongue” refers to speech. The writer speaks of the words of a person who says things that help and encourage others as if they were a tree that provides life-giving nourishment. Alternate translation: “Kind words are like a tree that gives life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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15:4 eg2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The phrase “a deceitful tongue” refers to speech that is deceitful or hurtful. The writer speaks of a person being hurt or in despair as if that person’s spirit were an object that words have crushed. Alternate translation: “deceitful speech causes a person to despair” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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15:5 kix4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he who learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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15:5 x86t 0 “is wise”
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15:6 h7yy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “earnings” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the wealth that a wicked person earns gives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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15:7 tk6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “lips” represents what wise people say. The writer speaks of knowledge as if it were seeds that wise people scatter around when they speak. Alternate translation: “The speech of wise people spreads knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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15:7 wet2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Possible meanings are (1) the word “hearts” is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate translation: “fools do not scatter knowledge about” or (2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with “hearts” being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate translation: “fools do not understand knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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15:8 a5ry 0 “people who live rightly”
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15:8 fci9 0 “pleases him”
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15:9 ui9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The lifestyles of wicked people are spoken of as if they are paths on which those people walk. Alternate translation: “Yahweh hates the way that wicked people live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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15:9 pj1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Being diligent to live rightly is spoken of as if it were chasing after right things. Alternate translation: “the person who strives to live rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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15:10 j3mw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “the way” refers to the way of righteousness. A person who stops doing what is right is spoken of as if he has stopped walking on the correct path. Alternate translation: “anyone who stops living rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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15:10 jus3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the person who hates it when others correct him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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15:11 n1e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “Sheol and destruction” both refer to the place of the dead. Yahweh knowing everything about the place of the dead is spoken of as if it were open before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh knows everything about the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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15:11 b6if rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that since Yahweh knows everything about the place of the dead, it is more obvious that he knows everything about the hearts of men. Alternate translation: “so he certainly knows the hearts of the sons of mankind!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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15:11 r3gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “hearts” represents the thoughts and motivations. The phrase “the sons of mankind” is an idiom for humanity. Alternate translation: “the thoughts of humans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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15:12 dl8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The mocker hates when others correct him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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15:12 f5d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is implied that he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel or advice. Alternate translation: “he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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15:13 b4lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “When a person is joyful, his face is cheerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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15:13 dm7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of a person being discouraged as if that person’s spirit were an object that is crushed. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 15:4](../15/04.md). Alternate translation: “makes a person discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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15:14 d9uh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The mind of the discerning person” or “The discerning person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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15:14 k3ct rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “mouth” represents the person. The writer speaks of fools desiring foolish things as if they ate foolish things. Alternate translation: “foolish people desire folly as if it were the food that they eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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15:15 r1yn 0 “Oppressed people are miserable all of their days”
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15:15 en6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “heart” represents the person. The writer speaks of a cheerful person enjoying life as if that person were celebrating a feast that does not end. Alternate translation: “the cheerful person enjoys life, as if he were celebrating an unending feast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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15:15 m9lg 0 “a feast that never ends”
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15:16 iix3 0 “with anxiety”
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15:17 via5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The vegetables represent a small meal with very little food. Alternate translation: “a small meal” or “very little food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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15:17 ux23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “love” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people love one another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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15:17 m9u4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fatted calf that someone serves with hatred” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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15:17 x4f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers to a calf that has been fed a lot of food so that it will become fat. Here it represents a delicious meal or a feast. Alternate translation: “a luxurious meal” or “a feast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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15:17 vw92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “hatred” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people hate one another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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15:18 p4ji rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. The abstract noun “arguments” can be stated as “argue.” Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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15:19 awv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of a person’s life as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard … the life of the upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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15:19 gy92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The writer compares the lifestyle of the sluggard with trying to walk through a hedge of thorns. Both cause the person to suffer pain. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard is like a person trying to walk through a hedge of thorns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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15:19 zqz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of the blessings that upright people experience in life as if they were walking on a smooth road. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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15:19 c95z 0 This is a road that is wide, flat, and without obstacles or potholes.
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15:21 itu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of a person doing the right thing as if he were walking straight ahead on a path. Alternate translation: “the person who has understanding does what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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15:22 p1yb 0 “Plans fail”
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15:22 et1u 0 “when there is no one to give advice”
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15:22 re1s 0 people who give recommendations as a guide to action
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15:22 q31z 0 “plans succeed”
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15:23 wg81 0 “a fitting reply” or “an appropriate answer”
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15:23 jnm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations 0 This exclamation emphasizes that a word spoken at the right time is very good. Alternate translation: “a word that a person speaks at the right time is very good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
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15:24 b9kb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of a lifestyle that results in life as if it were a path that goes upward towards life and of a lifestyle that results in death as if it were a path that leads down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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15:25 h2dg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 This is a synecdoche for the person’s household, property, and wealth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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15:26 h9s4 0 “kind words are pure” or “pleasant words are pure”
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15:28 avu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “heart” is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. This represents the person who thinks. Alternate translation: “The person who does right ponders what to say before he answers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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15:28 zzd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of wicked people’s mouths as if they were containers and speaks of evil as if it were the liquid that filled them. When wicked people speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouths” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “wicked people are always saying evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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15:28 zr4l 0 It may be more natural in you language to translate all these words as either singular or plural. Alternate translation: “the mouth of the wicked person pours out all its evil” or “the mouths of wicked people pour out all their evil”
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15:29 nq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh not listening to wicked people as if he were physically far away from them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not listen to wicked people” or “Yahweh does not answer wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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15:30 msq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of an expression of joy on one’s face as if the person’s eyes emitted light. Alternate translation: “A cheerful expression” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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15:30 d2bg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The word “heart” represents the person. Possible meanings are (1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or (2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be joyful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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15:30 hhj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “body” represents the person. Alternate translation: “receiving good news makes a person feel good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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15:31 vet3 0 Possible meanings are (1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or (2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people.
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15:32 l9cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “listens when others correct him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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15:33 nhk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The words “fear” and “wisdom” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “When one fears Yahweh, he will learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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15:33 t56g 0 See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
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15:33 w2h2 0 This means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him.
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16:intro mu2u 0 # Proverbs 16 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### King and royalty\n\nSome of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers.\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
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16:1 bqu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “A person makes plans in his mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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16:1 hf8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person’s plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person’s plans or (2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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16:1 j1hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The person is represented by his “tongue” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “the answer that he speaks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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16:2 m6li rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that everything he does is pure” or “A person judges everything he does as pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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16:2 ky4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “spirits” represents people’s desires and motives. The writer speaks of Yahweh discerning and judging a person’s desires and motives as if he were weighing that person’s spirit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh judges the person’s motives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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16:4 ccq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he has made even the wicked for the day of trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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16:5 lkb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who is arrogant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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16:5 cq2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 The two negatives in this phrase strongly emphasize the positive. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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16:6 t6t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives people’s sins” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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16:6 sn15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of people no longer doing evil things as if they were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “people stop doing evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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16:7 i6tc 0 “Yahweh makes”
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16:8 u992 0 “earning a lot of money”
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16:8 a4dx 0 “with wrongdoing”
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16:9 wyx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “A person plans in his mind what he will do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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16:9 y8rt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh determining the outcome of a person’s plans as if Yahweh were telling that person where to walk. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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16:10 ak2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “lips” is a metonym for what the king says. Alternate translation: “What a king says are insightful decisions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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16:10 ul24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The word “mouth” represents the king himself. Alternate translation: “he should not speak deceitfully when he judges” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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16:11 hb1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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16:11 c4kd 0 Merchants carried their weights in bags. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or (2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses.
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16:12 tie4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that is something that people despise” or “that is something that Yahweh despises” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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16:12 yr8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “throne” represents the king’s rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the king establishes his reign by doing what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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16:13 sfa1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “a person who speaks the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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16:14 lfm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of an angry king causing someone to die as if the king’s wrath were a messenger that he sends out to kill someone. Alternate translation: “An angry king can put people to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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16:15 av7j 0 Verse 15 contrasts with verse 14.
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16:15 f1pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of an expression of joy on the king’s face as if his face emitted light. Alternate translation: “When the king is cheerful, people live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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16:15 a5n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The writer compares the king showing favor towards someone with a cloud that brings rain to make crops grow. Both promise blessing to those who receive them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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16:16 rgj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations 0 This exclamation emphasizes that having wisdom is much better than having gold. Alternate translation: “It is much better to get wisdom than to get gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
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16:16 bn5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose to get understanding more than to get silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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16:17 ffx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of the lifestyle of upright people as if it were a well-built road, free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “The righteous way that upright people live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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16:17 a2qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of avoiding or no longer doing evil things as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “keeps them from doing evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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16:18 qp3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “spirit” represents the person’s attitude and temperament. Alternate translation: “an arrogant attitude” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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16:18 yz53 0 “ruin” or “failure”
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16:19 s4fk 0 goods taken in battle
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16:20 zg3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what someone has taught them” or “what they have learned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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16:21 lrv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This person will have a reputation of being a discerning person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will call the one who is wise in heart discerning” or “The one who is wise in heart will have a reputation of being a discerning person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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16:21 hq6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the heart represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The one who is wise” or “The one who is wise in his thinking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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16:21 w5ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of kind or pleasant speech as if it were something that tastes sweet. Alternate translation: “kind speech” or “pleasant speech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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16:22 y5ux rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of “Understanding” as if it were a fountain that continuously flows with water and which sustains the life of those who drink from it. Alternate translation: “Understanding is like a fountain flowing with life-giving water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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16:23 rbc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The thoughts of a wise person gives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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16:23 qa4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “mouth” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “makes his speech wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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16:23 i4qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “lips” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “to what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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16:24 r6ef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Possible meanings for the word “soul” are (1) it represents a person’s inward desires and pleasures. Alternate translation: “sweet enough to make a person happy” or (2) it can mean “throat” and is a metonym for a person’s tongue and ability to taste. Alternate translation: “sweet to a person’s taste” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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16:24 ye3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “bones” represent a person’s body. Alternate translation: “healing to the body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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16:25 v8l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The writer speaks of a person’s conduct or behavior as if it were a road on which the person is traveling. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that the way he is living is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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16:25 es6x 0 The word “its” refers to “way” in the previous line. This “way” is the road that leads to death.
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16:26 fc7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The writer speaks of the appetite as if it were a person who works on behalf of the laborer. This means that the person who labors is motivated by his desire to eat. Alternate translation: “The laborer works to satisfy his appetite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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16:26 gb4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The writer speaks of “hunger” as if it were a person who urges the laborer to continue working. Alternate translation: “he keeps on working because he is hungry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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16:27 r16q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of a person trying to find ways to harm other people as if that person were digging in the ground to find something buried. Alternate translation: “A worthless person looks for mischief as if he were digging for something in the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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16:27 sga2 0 “useless” or “wicked”
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16:27 q5zk 0 trouble
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16:27 xs7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The writer compares the way this person’s words hurt others with the way that fire burns things. Alternate translation: “he hurts people with his words, like a fire scorches the things it touches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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16:28 x2b5 0 a person who gossips or spreads rumors
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16:29 mk94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is implied that this man lies to his neighbor in order to get his neighbor to join him in violent actions. Alternate translation: “A man of violence entices his neighbor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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16:29 i6a5 0 “A violent man” or “A man who practices violence”
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16:29 f3dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if they were a road on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “gets him to do things that are not good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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16:29 m8qs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The writer uses an understatement to emphasize how bad this path is. Alternate translation: “a very bad path” or “a terrible path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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16:30 p1tu 0 Both of these are facial gestures which people might use to signal their plans to others. See how you translated “winks the eye” in [Proverbs 10:10](../10/10.md).
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16:30 wy6w 0 “will do evil things”
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16:31 aj89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of gray hair as if it were a crown. “Gray hair” is a metonym for old age. Alternate translation: “A person who has lived long enough to have gray hair is like one who wears a glorious crown on his head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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16:31 y1am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a person gains it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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16:32 x3rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. Alternate translation: “one who controls his temper” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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16:33 ei8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person throws the lots into his lap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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16:33 js5x 0 Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or (2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen.
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17:intro br3v 0 # Proverbs 17 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
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17:1 ecu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “quiet” refers to “peace.” Alternate translation: “to have peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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17:1 p2y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The words “to have” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “than to have a house full of feasting with strife” or “than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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17:3 fh66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. Alternate translation: “The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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17:3 fi3n 0 a pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature
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17:3 aq7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of Yahweh testing people to help them stop being evil and foolish as if their hearts were a metal that Yahweh was refining to remove everything that is impure. Alternate translation: “Yahweh tests peoples’ hearts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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17:4 bar9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The word “lips” can be translated as either (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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17:4 cj9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means “listens.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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17:4 ef8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The word “tongue” can be translated as either (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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17:5 a5ue rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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17:5 gs4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 This is a name that refers to Yahweh. This is also an abstract noun that can be written as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who made him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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17:5 dj8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to the misfortune of others. Alternate translation: “at others’ misfortune” or “at other peoples’ troubles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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17:6 y71i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of older peoples’ grandchildren being a sign of honor for them as if their grandchildren were a crown. Alternate translation: “bring honor and respect to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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17:6 v99u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to older people. Alternate translation: “those who are older” or “older people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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17:7 i2ze 0 “Fine speech” or “Excellent speech”
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17:7 clc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 This describes people lying as if it were actually their “lips” that were lying. Alternate translation: “even more it is not suitable for royalty to lie” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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17:8 mi9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This speaks of a person’s bribe working by comparing it to a magical stone or amulet. Alternate translation: “A bribe works like a magical stone for the one who gives it” or “A bribe works like magic for the one who is giving the bribe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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17:8 iq11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “turning” refers to the various things the person does. Specifically, this refers to the different things the person does by bribery. Alternate translation: “in whatever he does” or “in everything he tries to do by giving bribes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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17:9 nk6k 0 an action or word that has hurt him
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17:9 r2e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to bringing up a past situation in which a friend was hurt or offended. Alternate translation: “who repeats a past offense” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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17:9 s8p6 0 “causes people to stop being close friends” or “causes close friends to stop liking each other”
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17:10 dra2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This compares how a rebuke effects a man of understanding to how a beating effects a fool. This speaks of the effect on these people as if it could be measured by the depth that it goes into them. Alternate translation: “A rebuke has more effect on a person … than a hundred blows have on a fool” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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17:10 fs5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 “a person who has good judgment.” The word “understand” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person who understands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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17:10 hy6y 0 “a beating of a hundred blows goes”
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17:11 rz73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “rebellion” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “seeks to rebel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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17:11 zqf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a cruel messenger will come against him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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17:11 suj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 To be “sent against” someone means to be sent to harm them. Alternate translation: “will be sent to harm him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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17:12 fk5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a bear who has just lost her cubs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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17:12 j1ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “foolishness” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “who is acting foolish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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17:13 p537 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here “evil” is spoken of as if it were a person who would not leave the man’s house. Here the word “house” may be taken literally, but it is also a metonym for his family. Alternate translation: “bad things will continue to happen to him and his family” or “bad things will never stop happening to him and his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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17:14 e1bw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This compares how easily a conflict spreads to how spilled water flows everywhere. Alternate translation: “Starting a conflict is like pumping water and letting it run everywhere” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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17:14 al2h 0 “starts”or “begins”
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17:15 z95a 0 justifies, declares someone not guilty
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17:16 kk5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that the fool should not do this. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “A fool should not pay money to learn about wisdom because he does not have the ability to learn it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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17:17 az6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 One of the purposes of a brother is to be there to help his brother or sister in times of trouble. Alternate translation: “a brother is there for times of trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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17:18 f3yd 0 “no good judgement”
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17:18 r6wn 0 This refers to promises that must be kept and are often a burden on the person who made them.
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17:19 bpz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that someone will trip on the threshold and break bones, probably in their foot. Alternate translation: “is sure to cause someone trip and break their the bones in their foot” or “is sure to cause someone to trip and injure himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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17:20 a3mi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “who is deceptive” or “who is dishonest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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17:20 s659 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The “tongue” represents a person’s speech. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks wickedly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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17:20 qjp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 “falls into trouble” To “fall into” something means to get into that situation. Alternate translation: “will have calamity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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17:22 b1n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of a cheerful heart as being good medicine because it makes you feel better. Alternate translation: “A cheerful heart is like medicine that makes you feel better” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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17:22 ga2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “Being cheerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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17:22 u1vh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “spirit” represents a person’s feelings and emotional state. A broken spirit refers to a poor emotional state. Alternate translation: “depression” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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17:22 gei3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 A person’s bones represent their physical health and strength. If a person’s bones dry up it means that they are very sick and unhealthy. Alternate translation: “makes a person unhealthy and weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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17:23 r7p6 0 “to prevent justice from being rendered” or “to pervert justice”
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17:24 ba2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of a person’s focus on acting wisely as if he were looking at wisdom. Alternate translation: “focuses on acting wisely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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17:24 r7ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 This refers to a fool by his eyes to emphasize what he is focusing on. Alternate translation: “the fool is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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17:24 qef2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of a fool’s impossible dreams as if they were the ends of the earth to emphasize that they are unrealistic. Alternate translation: “strive for things that are as far from him as the ends of the earth” or “focus on impossible things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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17:25 cn74 0 This speaks of a son causing his father grief as if the son himself were “grief.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son brings grief to his father”
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17:25 mw1t 0 This speaks of a son causing his mother bitterness as if the son himself were “bitterness.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son … and brings bitterness to the woman”
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17:25 t9yj 0 “who gave birth to him”
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17:25 lm5j 0 emotional pain, sorrow
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17:26 lw6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 These statements can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “it is always wrong … and it is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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17:26 wfd1 0 Another possible meaning is “the innocent person,” anyone whom others have accused of a crime that he did not commit.
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17:26 s7mg 0 whip severely
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17:26 dj91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “integrity” can be expressed with the adjective “honest.” Alternate translation: “who are honest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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17:27 je2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to the way he speaks. Alternate translation: “speaks with few words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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17:28 b5ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “People even think a fool is wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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17:28 i81a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means that he does not speak. Alternate translation: “does not speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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17:28 q1jm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “people consider him to be intelligent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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18:intro k5qz 0 # Proverbs 18 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
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18:1 n34r 0 “keeps away from other people”
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18:1 vun3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 This speaks of a person disagreeing with sound judgment as if “sound judgment” were a person he fought with. Alternate translation: “he disagrees with all sound judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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18:1 r3yq 0 “good judgment” or “wise choices”
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18:2 u731 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 “A fool does not care about understanding, but only about” This means the fool considers “understanding” the opposite of pleasure. Alternate translation: “A fool detests understanding and only finds pleasure in” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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18:2 ey4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. Alternate translation: “but only in telling others what is in his own heart” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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18:2 yp8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The contents of a person’s heart refers to the person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “what he thinks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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18:3 fw1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. Possible meanings are (1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or (2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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18:3 ps5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two words have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the “shame” felt by either the wicked man or other people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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18:4 izv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two lines are parallel and it is implied that the man in the first line is a wise man. Alternate translation: “The words of a wise man’s mouth are deep waters; … the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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18:4 nv82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of a wise man’s words being profound as if they were profound and as deep as deep waters. Alternate translation: “The words of a man’s mouth are as profound as deep waters” or “The words of a man’s mouth are deep and profound” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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18:4 mk4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the man is referred to by his mouth to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “of a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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18:4 mn87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the source of wisdom being plentiful as if it were a gushing spring. The gushing of the spring is spoken of as if it were a flowing stream. Alternate translation: “the source of wisdom is as plentiful as the water of a gushing spring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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18:5 fi7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 These phrases can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “It is good to treat the wicked person as he deserves, and to be just to the righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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18:6 p2qv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the fool is referred to by his “lips” to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “what a fool says brings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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18:6 w2xd 0 “cause”
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18:6 zxu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the fool saying things that cause people to want to beat him as if he were inviting them to beat him. Alternate translation: “his mouth makes people want to beat him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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18:6 z4ii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here what the fool says is referred to as his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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18:7 iwj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Both of these phrases refer to what a fool says. Alternate translation: “What a fool says … by what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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18:7 v6hu 0 “will ruin him”
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18:7 e4r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the man causing problems and trouble for himself as if he were trapping himself like a man traps an animal. Alternate translation: “he will cause problems for himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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18:8 iu3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This speaks of the words of a gossip being desirable to listen to as if they were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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18:8 vd95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession 0 This refers to what a gossiping person says. Alternate translation: “The words that a gossiping person speaks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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18:8 lms4 0 small bites of food
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18:8 mr15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the words of a gossip going into a person’s mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. Alternate translation: “and they enter a person’s mind and affect his thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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18:9 uih2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the one who is slack being similar to the one who destroys as if they were actually related. Alternate translation: “is closely related to” or “is very similar to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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18:9 i66j 0 “is lazy” or “is not interested”
|
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18:9 mch5 0 “the one who destroys everything” or “the one who is always destructive”
|
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18:10 ktq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of Yahweh protecting his people as if he were a strong tower in which they could take refuge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh protects like a strong tower” or “Yahweh protects his people like a strong tower” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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18:10 f4nm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here Yahweh is referred to by his name. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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18:10 dtz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to righteous people. Alternate translation: “those who are righteous” or “righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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||
18:10 gkx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of people seeking safety from Yahweh and Yahweh protecting them as if he were a strong tower that they ran into for safety. Alternate translation: “run to him and they are safe” or “seek him and they are safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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18:11 vhu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of a rich person depending on his wealth as if his wealth were a fortified wall that protects him. Alternate translation: “The wealthy person depends on his wealth as a city depends on its fortified wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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18:11 bgq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to people who are rich. Alternate translation: “the rich person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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18:11 tz4b 0 a city with strong defenses like walls and towers
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18:11 kei5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This speaks of the rich person believing his wealth will keep him safe like a high wall keeps those inside a city safe. Alternate translation: “he thinks it protects him as well as a high wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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18:12 r28e 0 “First a person’s heart is proud, but then comes his downfall”
|
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18:12 uet1 0 This refers to a significant decline in a person’s reputation or health.
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18:12 t2l5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here a person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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18:12 dy4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “humility” may be expressed as an adjective and the word “honor” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person must be humble before he can be honored” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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18:13 cj6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract nouns “folly” and “shame” may be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “it is foolish of him, and he should be ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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18:14 jnm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here a person is referred to by his spirit to emphasize his attitude. Alternate translation: “A person who is hopeful will survive sickness” or “If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
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18:14 v3f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This is a rhetorical question, expecting the answer that few can bear it. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “but it is very hard to bear a broken spirit.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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18:14 b1vb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This refers to being depressed. Alternate translation: “being depressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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18:15 e4fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the intelligent person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his desires. Alternate translation: “The intelligent desire to acquire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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18:15 p7l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to people who are intelligent. Alternate translation: “those who are intelligent” or “intelligent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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18:15 ptl8 0 “gains” or “obtains”
|
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18:15 xwh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the wise person is referred to by his hearing to emphasize what he desires to listen to. Alternate translation: “the wise seeks to learn about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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18:15 a1ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to people who are wise. Alternate translation: “those who are wise” or “wise people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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18:15 enq3 0 Here the word “it” refers to “knowledge”
|
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18:16 zkj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here to “open the way” means to create an opportunity. Alternate translation: “may create an opportunity for him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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18:16 wr8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means to be allowed to see someone. Alternate translation: “let him meet” or “let him be introduced to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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18:17 ct71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 This refers to the person who pleads his case before his opponent pleads his case. Alternate translation: “The first person to plead his case” or “The person who pleads his case first” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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18:18 qs89 0 “Casting lots”
|
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18:18 n3hk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to people who are fighting harshly over a dispute. When they are separated, they are no longer fighting over their dispute. Alternate translation: “causes opponents to stop fighting over their dispute” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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18:19 dcj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the difficulty of making peace with a brother you have offended by comparing it to the difficulty of winning a war against a strong city. Alternate translation: “If you offend your brother, finding a way to have peace with him again may be harder than waging a battle to win a city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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18:19 zq5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This speaks of the difficulty of resolving quarreling by comparing it to the difficulty of breaking down the bars of a castle. Alternate translation: “resolving quarreling is as difficult as breaking down the bars of a castle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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18:19 ef13 0 a fortified palace
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18:20 qaf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two lines have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize what is said. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “A person is satisfied by the results of the good things that he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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18:20 h4tr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that came from his mouth. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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18:20 p1z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of a person being satisfied or content by the result of what they have said as if they had eaten and become satisfied” Alternate translation: “a person is satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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18:20 r4ee rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that is harvested. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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18:20 x66t 0 “he is pleased”
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18:21 flt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “The tongue can lead to life of death” or “What people say can lead to life or death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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18:21 n65f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “tongue” refers to speech. Alternate translation: “by what people say … love speaking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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18:21 l141 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of a person receiving the consequence for what he says as if the consequences were fruit that he receives. Alternate translation: “will receive its consequences” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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18:24 wg3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “many friends--they will bring him to ruin” or “many friends--his friends will destroy him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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18:24 zc7f 0 “is more faithful than” or “stays more loyal than”
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19:intro nbz8 0 # Proverbs 19 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
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19:1 ev8n 0 “It is better to be a poor person”
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19:1 bpi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Here walking refers to living. Alternate translation: “who lives in his integrity” or “who lives an honest life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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19:1 wj4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “speech” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks in an evil way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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19:2 u1uj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to people trying to do something without the knowledge for how to correctly do it. Alternate translation: “to work hard without knowing what you are doing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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19:2 f2pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of a person doing something too quickly and making mistakes as if running too quickly and missing the path. Alternate translation: “the one who acts too quickly makes mistakes” or “the one who acts too quickly makes poor choices” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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19:3 ivv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here a person is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “he rages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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19:4 q8uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that a person who is wealthy will have many friends because wealth attracts people. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who are wealthy easily find many friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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19:4 v5qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 A poor person is separated from many of his friends because of his poverty. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “poverty causes a person to lose his friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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19:5 l99e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives 0 This can be written in positive and active form. Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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19:5 i2ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 This means that he will be captured. Alternate translation: “they will capture the one who breathes out lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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19:5 q13j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Here “breathes” refers to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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19:6 gms6 0 someone who often gives away things
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19:6 q978 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 The word “everyone” is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “it seems that everyone is a friend” or “almost everyone is a friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
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19:7 vs3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This phrase is an exclamation to show that this is more likely than the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “therefore his friends will certainly hate him and go far away from him!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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19:8 ll4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the person is referred to by his “life” to emphasize himself being alive. Alternate translation: “loves himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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19:8 v9e9 0 “has understanding”
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19:9 phm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives 0 This can be written in positive and active form. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:5](../19/05.md). Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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19:9 a1nm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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19:10 f4zn 0 “It is not right”
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19:10 pq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The words “it is” and “fitting” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “it is much less fitting for a slave” or “it is even worse for a slave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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19:11 ah27 0 “A person who has discretion is slow to become angry”
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19:11 j1li 0 This means to know what should be done in a particular situation. See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
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19:11 p96c 0 “it will bring him glory to overlook” or “others will consider it honorable if he overlooks”
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19:11 gc21 0 to forget on purpose
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19:12 vbv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Here the lion’s roaring refers to attacking. The wrath of a king is compared to the unpredictable and dangerous attack of a young lion. Alternate translation: “The wrath of the king is as dangerous as the attack of a young lion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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19:12 m29g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The favor of the king is compared to the refreshing water that appears on grass in the morning. Alternate translation: “but his favor is refreshing like dew on grass” or “but his favor is refreshing like the dew on the ground in the morning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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19:13 v325 0 “will ruin a father”
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19:13 s1nw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of an annoying wife as if she were the constant dripping of water. Alternate translation: “a quarreling wife is as annoying and distracting as a constant dripping of water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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19:13 l7wk 0 “an arguing wife” or “a disagreeing wife”
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19:14 t54q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Children inherit a house and wealth from their parents” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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19:14 csr4 0 See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
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19:14 jw8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gives a prudent wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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19:15 ye6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 This speaks of how laziness causes a person to sleep a lot as if laziness forcefully throws the person into sleep. Alternate translation: “Laziness makes a person sleep a lot” or “A lazy person sleeps a lot” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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19:15 jcb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom which means to not eat. Alternate translation: “not eat” or “be hungry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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19:16 xr2k 0 “the command that he was taught”
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19:16 v2yl 0 “protects his life”
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19:16 ik59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom which refers to how he lives. Alternate translation: “the way that he lives” or “how he lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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19:17 zw6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. Alternate translation: “The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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19:17 qx9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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19:18 nw29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “while he is young” or “while he can still be taught” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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19:18 md5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Possible meanings are (1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or (2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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19:18 hky1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. Alternate translation: “be determined to put him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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19:19 n85t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom refers to a person who is easily angered. Alternate translation: “A person who does not control his temper” or “A person who becomes angry quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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19:19 f2vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “must bear the consequences of his anger” or “must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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19:19 s1da rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 “if you save him.” This refers to rescuing him when he has acted out of his anger. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if you rescue him after he has had an outburst” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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19:19 dnq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 “another time” or “again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
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19:20 gby8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases mean basically the same and are repeated to emphasize how important it is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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19:20 egn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Here “listening” does not mean to merely listen, but to learn from the advice you are given and to follow it. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to advice” or “Follow advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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19:21 c7qg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “heart” is used to refer to the “mind” to emphasize a person’s desire. Alternate translation: “in a person’s mind” or “that a person desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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19:21 f82d 0 “Yahweh’s purpose” or “Yahweh’s plans”
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19:21 q568 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means to “happen.” Alternate translation: “that will happen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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19:23 x7qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that they will live a long time if they honor Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who honor Yahweh will live a long time; anyone who honors Yahweh will be satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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19:23 h31x 0 Here the word “it” refers to “honor for Yahweh.”
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19:23 gyg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “satisfied; nothing will harm him” or “satisfied; he will be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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19:24 wf2e 0 See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 10:26](../10/26.md).
|
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19:24 r5yj 0 “dips his hand in the dish” or “puts his hand in his plate.” In the Biblical culture people usually ate with their hands as people do in many cultures today.
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19:24 r3ts rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 He does not bring his hand back to his mouth because he is too lazy. Alternate translation: “but he is too lazy to bring his hand up to his mouth to feed himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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19:25 svj3 0 “If you strike a mocker, the naive person”
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19:25 k69j 0 “Punish a mocker”
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19:25 zh2b 0 “inexperienced person” or “immature person”
|
||
19:25 v49d 0 See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
|
||
19:25 m391 0 “if you discipline one who is discerning,”
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19:25 wwq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as “know.” Alternate translation: “he will know more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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19:26 g233 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Possible meanings are (1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or (2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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19:27 n4av rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “listening and obeying” is spoken of as if it were “hearing.” Alternate translation: “If you stop paying attention to instruction” or “If you stop obeying instruction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
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19:27 s24z 0 “you will abandon” or “you will turn your back on”
|
||
19:27 y3ln 0 “knowledge”
|
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19:28 d2w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of how wicked people enjoy doing evil by saying that they swallow iniquity as easily as they swallow food. Alternate translation: “the wicked enjoy doing evil as much as they enjoy eating food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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19:28 aq9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The phrase “the mouth of the wicked” represents wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people swallow” or “the wicked swallow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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19:28 g9y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
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19:29 d4f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The words “condemnation” and “flogging” may be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is ready to condemn mockers and to flog” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
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19:29 ray2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The words “is ready” are understood from the previous phrase and may be repeated. Alternate translation: “flogging is ready for the backs of fools” or “he is ready to flog the backs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
19:29 r21d 0 beating with a whip or stick
|
||
20:intro e8g2 0 # Proverbs 20 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
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20:1 p893 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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20:1 v7zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “wine” refers to the person who is drunk with wine. Alternate translation: “A person who is drunk with wine mocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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20:1 qa7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “strong drink” refers to a person who is drunk with strong drink. Alternate translation: “a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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20:1 c6m7 0 a person who fights noisily, usually in a public place
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20:1 ne6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whoever drinks until they can no longer think clearly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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20:1 g7rv 0 Here “drink” refers to alcoholic drinks
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20:1 k4sv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 This means the opposite of “wise” which is “foolish.” Alternate translation: “is foolish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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20:2 p628 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This compares how people fear a king’s wrath to how they fear a young roaring lion. Alternate translation: “The king’s wrath makes people as afraid as if they were facing a young lion roaring at them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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20:2 xa6x 0 “makes the king angry”
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20:2 rl5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This refers to being killed. “Life” here refers to physical life. Alternate translation: “will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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20:3 ru7h 0 “It is honorable.” This means that a person will be honored.
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20:3 gf5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of entering an argument quickly as if the argument were something the fool physically jumped into. Alternate translation: “every fool quickly gets into an argument” or “every fool is quick to join an argument” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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20:4 cva3 0 to prepare land for planting
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20:4 tdr6 0 “during the season for planting crops”
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20:4 z5wi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that there will be nothing growing in his field for him to harvest. Alternate translation: “but will have nothing to harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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20:5 f8de rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This speaks of how difficult it is to understand the reasons for a person’s actions by comparing it to the difficulty of reaching the water in a deep well. Alternate translation: “It is as difficult to understand the purpose in the human heart as it is to reach the water in a deep well” or “The purpose of in the human heart is very difficult to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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20:5 qr3j 0 “a person who has understanding”
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20:5 fk7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of figuring out the purpose of the human heart as if it was water being drawn from a deep well. Alternate translation: “will cause the purpose to be known” or “will figure it out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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20:6 lmq9 0 “is faithful” or “is trustworthy”
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20:6 xut9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The implicit answer is “few can find someone like that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “but few men can find a person who is faithful!” or “but it is hard to find a person who really is faithful!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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20:7 s7th rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here walking refers to living. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:1](../19/01.md). Alternate translation: “lives by his integrity” or “lives an honest life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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20:7 y2ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This simply means that they “follow after him” since they are younger than he and his children. If this phrase is awkward in your language it may be left to be implied. Alternate translation: “his sons after him” or “his sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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20:8 j9up rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the king judging between various types of evil as if he were separating them as a person winnows grain. Alternate translation: “sees and sorts the different kinds of evils that are brought before him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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20:9 p5m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The implicit answer to this question is, “No one can say that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can say that his heart is clean and that he is free from sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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20:9 s43m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here a person’s “heart” refers to his thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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20:9 d5hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person where physically clean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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20:9 xb5x 0 “I am without sin” or “I have not sinned”
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20:11 yym3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People know a young man by his actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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20:11 m4db 0 “whether his conduct is pure and upright or not”
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20:11 xm83 0 “his deeds” or “what he does”
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20:11 we5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how good this young person is. They can be combined into one word if necessary. Alternate translation: “pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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20:13 h9et rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “come to” here means to transition into a new situation; to become. Alternate translation: “become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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20:13 ee3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “opening one’s eyes” is spoken of as “being awake.” Alternate translation: “stay awake” or “be alert” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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20:14 zh4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Here a buyer is criticizing what someone is selling to get a low price from him. After he buys he boasts about the good price that he pursuaded the seller to give him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “‘Bad! Bad!’ says the buyer criticizing the seller’s wares, but after he buys he goes away he boasting about the low price that he paid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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20:15 cv2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the value of lips of knowledge by comparing them to a precious jewel. Alternate translation: “lips of knowledge are as valuable as an expensive jewel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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20:15 tt4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “words” are referred to as “lips.” Alternate translation: “wise words” or “words of knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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20:16 sn35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 When lending money, the lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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20:16 cv1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. It means that someone gives something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. Alternate translation: “guarantees that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “promises to pay a loan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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20:16 e647 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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20:17 zi4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bread that someone gained by deceit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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20:17 gjt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “deceit” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “by deceiving others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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20:17 lnt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “Food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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20:17 fz1i 0 “tastes good”
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20:17 tu5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the food tasting unpleasant as if his mouth were actually full of gravel instead of food. Alternate translation: “but afterwards it tastes like gravel in his mouth” or “but soon it tastes like sand in his mouth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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20:17 du9w 0 small pieces of rock
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20:18 mjl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People establish plans based on advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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20:19 i4ch 0 This means someone who gossips a lot.
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20:19 i2mb 0 “you should not be friends with”
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20:20 v9ff 0 This means if a someone express a desire that bad things will happen to someone else.
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20:20 el23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of a person dying suddenly and unexpectedly as if his life were a lamp snuffed out in the dark. Alternate translation: “his life will end as suddenly as the light of a lamp that is snuffed out in the dark” or “he will die suddenly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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20:20 e6a4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his lamp will go out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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20:20 un31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 This refers to a lamp with a burning flame. Here the lamp’s flame is referred to as the lamp itself. Alternate translation: “the flame of his lamp” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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20:20 a13a 0 to cause a flame to go out
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20:21 mk5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to a person receiving his inheritance before he is supposed to receive it. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “before the right time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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20:22 pj94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means to do wrong to someone because they have done wrong to you. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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20:22 ti5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means to have faith that Yahweh will deal with the situation. Alternate translation: “Have faith in Yahweh” or “Hope in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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20:23 x2rc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize how bad this is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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20:24 re6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh directs a person’s steps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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20:24 i9ej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 This refers to the various things a person does. Alternate translation: “A person’s actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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20:24 mfy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The implicit answer is that he cannot understand it. This rhetorical question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, a person cannot understand his way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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20:24 s44t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. The phrase “his way” refers to the person’s life. Alternate translation: “understand why some things happen in his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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20:25 qfw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of something being dangerous as if it were a trap or a snare. Alternate translation: “It is dangerous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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20:25 x37x 0 to say something quickly and without careful consideration of what it might mean
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20:25 tt8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The person has made a vow declaring that something is holy and dedicated to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “dedicating it to Yahweh” or “declaring it holy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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20:26 cgd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the king separating the wicked people as if they were grain that he was winnowing. Alternate translation: “separates the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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20:26 m44h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” or “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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20:26 rs2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the king punishing the wicked as if he were driving a threshing wheel over them. Alternate translation: “he severely punishes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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20:26 sy6b 0 “threshing cart.” This is a tool used to crush grain and help separate it from the chaff.
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20:27 x5vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of a person’s spirit as if it were a lamp. A person’s spirit helps him to understand his inner self. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given us a spirit to understand our deepest selves, just as a lamp makes you see in the dark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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20:28 f9he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The king preserves himself by being trustworthy and faithful to the covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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20:28 dyd6 0 keep the king safe from harm
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20:28 dym8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “throne” represents the king’s power to rule. The abstract noun “love” can be stated as a verb. Also, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a king ensures that he will rule for a long time by loving others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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20:30 g7u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Both statements mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. Using physical punishment to correct a person is spoken of as if the evil were dirt and the beatings cleansed him. Alternate translation: “Beating a person who has done wrong will correct him and cause him to be a better person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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21:intro ge8s 0 # Proverbs 21 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
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21:1 w5md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of the king’s heart as if it were an irrigation ditch in a dry area through which people direct water to plants that need it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh controls the king’s heart as a man directs water for irrigation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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21:1 t1m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The heart is a metaphor for what a person thinks and what he wants to do. Alternate translation: “The king’s thoughts and actions” or “What the king thinks and what he wants to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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21:2 yz3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if it that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “Every person thinks that what he does is good” or “Every person judges what he does as good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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21:2 xmb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh deciding whether a person desires to do what is right as if Yahweh were looking at a physical object and deciding whether it is of good quality. Alternate translation: “who will judge the motives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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21:3 qs6t 0 “To do what Yahweh thinks is right”
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21:3 ezq6 0 “To treat people the way Yahweh wants people to treat other people”
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21:3 f31f 0 “just—Yahweh wants this more”
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21:4 ps7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The words “eyes” and “heart” are synecdoches for a person who considers himself better than other people and wants other people to know it. Alternate translation: “People who want others to think that they are better than other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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21:4 xvr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 This is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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21:4 gk4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 This is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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21:4 y68u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The things that help the wicked are spoken of as a lamp. Alternate translation: “the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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21:5 mmd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “a diligent man” or “a man who works hard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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21:5 xi4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “only becomes poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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21:6 vsi8 0 “Gaining wealth”
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21:6 bc5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The tongue is a metonym for the words a person uses the tongue to speak. Alternate translation: “speaking lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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21:6 w3kd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer likens the riches a person gains by lying to a mist that quickly goes away in the morning. Alternate translation: “a disappearing mist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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21:6 l9ag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of the riches that a person gains by lying as if it were the bait in a hunter’s trap; the word “snare” is a metonym for the bait that attracts the animal into the snare. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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21:7 zn7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The writer speaks as though violence were a person who could drag other people away. God will punish wicked people who harm their innocent neighbors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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21:7 ce4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “violence” refers to violent deeds or things people do to harm their innocent neighbors. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “The violent actions of wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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21:7 i5j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This phrase refers to dragging a net through water to catch fish. The wicked being destroyed by their own actions is spoken of as if their actions trapped them in a net like one would catch fish. AT “drag them away like fish” or “destroy them as easily as one catches fish in a net” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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21:8 qgr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This compares the way one lives to a crooked road one may travel. This is also an idiom. Alternate translation: “The way a guilty person lives is crooked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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21:8 y9c2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “crooked” means bent or not straight. This is a metaphor for morally wrong. Alternate translation: “wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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21:9 gff3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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21:9 j9e1 0 “wife who often argues and complains”
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21:10 x3rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The writer speaks of a person’s appetite, the physical desire for food and drink, as if it were a person who could desire something. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil people, and the word “evil” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil deeds. Alternate translation: “Evil people desire to do evil deeds just as they desire to eat and drink” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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21:10 a2dz 0 desires strongly
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21:10 d5qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom to “find favor” means to have someone approve of and act kindly towards the one who finds favor. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents a person’s thoughts and attitude towards another person. Alternate translation: “his neighbor does not receive favor from him” or “he does not act kindly towards his neighbor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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21:11 rd8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone punishes the mocker” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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21:11 a11r 0 “those who have no experience” or “those who are not mature”
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21:11 a6a5 0 “the person who mocks others”
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21:11 m512 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone instructs the wise person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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21:11 ylu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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21:12 t3bj 0 Possible meanings are (1) any righteous person or (2) “Yahweh the one who is righteous.”
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21:12 bc3u 0 “pays careful attention to the house” “looks to see what happens to the house”
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21:12 tem1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here disaster is spoken of as if it were a place that someone could be brought to. Alternate translation: “he destroys them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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21:13 uc5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
21:13 iv38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “answered” is a metonym for a person hearing another person ask for help and acting to help. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will do anything to help him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
21:14 h1vz 0 “makes an angry person feel better so he is no longer angry”
|
||
21:15 p2ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “justice” can be translated as a noun phrase. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When rulers do what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
21:16 cj4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “no longer lives wisely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
21:16 t6m2 0 “he will remain in the assembly of dead spirits”
|
||
21:18 mh2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “ransom” is a metaphor for one person who takes the place of another person. Here the person who does what is wrong is punished instead of the person who does what is right. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
21:18 qt7k 0 a person who harms those who trust him by lying and otherwise dealing falsely
|
||
21:18 n28n 0 “righteous people” or “honest people” or “just people”
|
||
21:20 r84p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wise person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
21:20 nw25 0 “uses it all for no good purpose” or “wastes it”
|
||
21:22 d84j 0 “climbs up and over the wall that surrounds the city”
|
||
21:22 v5jk 0 “a city in which mighty men are living” or “a city of mighty warriors”
|
||
21:22 p6cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he destroys” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
21:22 w292 0 “the walls and towers around the city that they did not think anyone would be able to get past into the city, so they felt safe”
|
||
21:23 xw3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 Both “mouth” and “tongue” refer to what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whoever is careful in what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
21:24 c77j 0 “You can expect a proud and haughty people to act with arrogant pride”
|
||
21:24 m76a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful the person is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
21:24 rf25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “name” is a metonym for what people would call him. Alternate translation: “a mocker is what you should call him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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21:25 pzb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The writer speaks of what a person wants as if it were a person who could kill a lazy person. Here the lazy person wants to be idle and not work. Alternate translation: “A lazy person only wants to be idle, and because of that he will die” or “A lazy person will die because he does not want to work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
21:25 dt4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he refuses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
21:26 vgt6 0 desires strongly
|
||
21:26 es9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 The phrase “does not hold back” can be stated positively, and what he gives can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gives everything he should” or “gives generously” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
|
||
21:27 fq9a 0 The writer does not mention Yahweh here, as in [Proverbs 15:8](../15/08.md), but the reader should understand that it is Yahweh who detests the sacrifice of the wicked.
|
||
21:27 l3le rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 The nominal adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” or “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
21:27 iy31 0 “Yahweh detests the sacrifice even more”
|
||
21:28 h8d4 0 This is because people will never forget what he said.
|
||
21:29 z6tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Possible meanings are (1) “pretends to be courageous” or (2) “will not listen to correction.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
21:29 ts1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A person’s actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which the person walks. Alternate translation: “is certain about what he does” or “is confident about what he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
21:30 n8kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The words “there is” are repeated to emphasize the abstract nouns “wisdom,” “understanding,” and “advice.” Yahweh is greater than anything that anyone can know or think or say. Your language may require that you not repeat “there is no.” The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “There is no wise person, there is no one who understands anything, and there is no one who tells others what to do who” or “There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
21:30 k3pe 0 “defeat Yahweh” or “work against what Yahweh wants to do” or “show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong”
|
||
21:31 j1hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
21:31 i6w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The word “day” refers to time that may be longer or shorter than a day. Alternate translation: “when there is a battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
22:intro t5zj 0 # Proverbs 22 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the “Wise Men.” The exact identity of the men is unknown.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nWith this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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||
22:1 but9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose a good name rather than great riches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
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22:1 m8c7 0 “To have others think that one is a good person”
|
||
22:3 nt9p 0 “A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense.” See how you translated “prudent” in [Proverbs 12:16](../12/16.md).
|
||
22:3 cm2a 0 “the inexperienced and immature”
|
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22:5 e8f6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of the way perverse people live as if it were a path on which the perverse will have trouble because of the natural “thorns” and man-made “snares.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:5 r2h1 0 traps to catch animals
|
||
22:5 dku9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “perverse people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
22:5 f1ap rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A person doing what he needs to do so he can live a long time is spoken of as if that person were keeping thieves away from a physical object. Alternate translation: “people who want to live a long time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:6 je4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 How a person lives is spoken of as if it were a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “how he should live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:7 dk14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. Alternate translation: “borrows money … lends money” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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||
22:8 l36j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. Alternate translation: “If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:8 htf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. Possible meanings are (1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or (2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:8 yu9g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. The unjust man was harming innocent people as if he were very angry with them. Alternate translation: “the rod he had used as if he were punishing people” or “the power he used to harm others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:8 kpt4 0 The word translated “fade away” is also used of plants drying up.
|
||
22:9 nxi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who has a generous eye” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
22:9 zhf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The eye is a metonym for seeing what other people need, and the “generous eye” not only sees but gives what the other people need. The eye is also a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “generous person” or “person who is willing to give things to other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
22:9 vs46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, it is often used to refer to food in general. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:10 t6nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract nouns “disputes” and “insults” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “people will no longer argue with each other or say things to hurt each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
22:11 xzb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 It is his own heart that the person wants to be pure. The heart is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “loves having a pure heart” or “wants to be pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
22:11 tlq4 0 “is kind”
|
||
22:12 swt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The eyes are a synecdoche for the person. The writer speaks as if Yahweh had physical eyes like a person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh keeps watch over” or “Yahweh guards knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
22:12 s2lr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Keeping watch is s metonym for protecting. Alternate translation: “protect knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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||
22:12 zw3l 0 “he destroys”
|
||
22:12 q7yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 The nominal adjective treacherous can be translated as a noun phrase. Translate “treacherous” as in [Proverbs 11:3](../11/03.md). Alternate translation: “a treacherous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
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22:13 jg67 0 The quote that follows is a lie and an excuse for not working. If your language introduces false statements in a special way, you can use that here.
|
||
22:14 eq5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “mouth” is a metonym for the words that come out of the mouth. The writer speaks of a person being unable to escape having people punish him for evil deeds as if that person had fallen into a hole someone had dug in the ground from which he could not escape. Alternate translation: “The words spoken by an adulteress will draw you in, and it will be as if you have fallen into a deep and dangerous pit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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22:14 xrc5 0 See how you translated this in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md).
|
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22:14 l326 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “stirred up” means that his anger increased. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
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22:14 fin1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Adultery is spoken of as if it is something that a person can fall into. Alternate translation: “sins because of the adulteress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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22:15 fuj4 0 “The heart of a child is full of foolish things”
|
||
22:15 j283 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The writer speaks of a parent using any form of discipline as if that parent were hitting the child with a wooden rod. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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22:15 dk18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks as if foolishness were a person that another person could use a physical rod to drive away. Alternate translation: “will make a child wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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22:16 w7rc 0 “to become richer” or “to gain more money”
|
||
22:16 fm7f 0 “gives money to rich people”
|
||
22:16 d4td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
22:17 nnv4 0 Verse 17 begins the introduction to a new section of the Book of Proverbs.
|
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22:17 lgs9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated “incline your ear” in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “Pay attention and listen” or “Listen attentively” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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22:17 l38x 0 “what wise people say”
|
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22:17 pi8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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||
22:17 i9n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The person speaking is probably the same as the father from [Proverbs 1:8](../01/08.md). He may be speaking of “the words of the wise” as “my knowledge.” The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as “know.” Alternate translation: “the knowledge I have, which I am sharing with you” or “what I know” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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||
22:18 nl9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The person being ready to speak is spoken of as if it were the words that were ready. Alternate translation: “you are able to speak of them at any time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:19 wr39 0 “today. Yes, I am teaching you,” The speaker is emphasizing that it is the hearer, not someone else whom he is teaching, and he is teaching the hearer because the hearer needs to learn. If it is awkward in your language to emphasize in this way, you can emphasize in another way or the words “even to you” can be left untranslated.
|
||
22:20 bb5s 0 These verses continue and end the introduction that began in [Proverbs 22:17](./17.md).
|
||
22:20 q77c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants 0 Some translations read, “excellent sayings.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
|
||
22:21 q8xu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 These words end the rhetorical question that began with the words “Have I not written” in Proverbs 22:20. It can be translated as a statement. “You need to know that I have written … to teach you … who sent you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
22:21 l5jf 0 This implies that the hearer is or will be one whom others send to gain and bring back information.
|
||
22:22 y27s 0 These verses begin the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
22:22 aq5t 0 If your language has a way of showing that this is the way one person would speak strongly to another, different from a general rule that people are supposed to obey, you should use it here.
|
||
22:22 su1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any poor person” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
22:22 tq59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 grind into powder. This is a metaphor for “treat unjustly.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:22 ws7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any needy person” or “any person who does not have what he needs to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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||
22:22 z1ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The place where people bought and sold items and settled legal arguments is used as a metonym for business and legal activity. Alternate translation: “in court” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:23 a2vp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will defend the needy from those who oppress them” or “Yahweh will see that the needy receive justice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:23 m5k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is not a thief, but like a thief he will take life from those who do not choose to give it. Alternate translation: “he will destroy those who oppress poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:24 cpi3 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
22:24 w16m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 someone who is unable to control his anger (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:24 cc8z 0 shows violent anger
|
||
22:25 s2i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A person who wants to be like an angry person is like an animal taking the bait in a trap. Alternate translation: “you will be like an animal that eats the bait that closes a trap and is unable to escape” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:25 jh2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The soul is a metonym for the person’s life. Alternate translation: “bait that someone has put out so he can kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:26 ftq6 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
22:26 rnd6 0 A person would strike his hand against another person’s hand to bind himself to do what he had agreed to do. Here the speaker warns the hearer not to strike hands as a way to promise to pay off someone’s debts.
|
||
22:26 wt7u 0 “and agree to pay what someone owes to another person”
|
||
22:28 tb1b 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
22:28 g63s 0 very old
|
||
22:28 djq5 0 a large stone that shows where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins
|
||
22:28 j4id 0 ancestors
|
||
22:29 y4ub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question is actually a command. Alternate translation: “Think of someone you know who is skilled at his work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
22:29 e6ii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:intro eva7 0 # Proverbs 23 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||
23:1 z181 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
23:2 lu62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 Possible meanings of this exaggeration are (1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or (2) “do not eat anything at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
23:3 zfk9 0 “Do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
|
||
23:3 zkz5 0 “his special and expensive food”
|
||
23:3 tjm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. “he is giving it to you so he can deceive you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
23:4 a4va 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
23:4 wh19 0 “Do not work so much that you are always tired”
|
||
23:5 n9hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 land like a bird upon the wealth (verse 4). This is a metaphor for looking at the wealth for a short time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:5 sp17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A person losing his wealth is spoken of as if the wealth were a bird. Alternate translation: “the wealth will disappear as quickly as an eagle can fly away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:5 ryq4 0 wings like an eagle’s wings
|
||
23:6 afl6 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
23:6 su9w 0 “do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
|
||
23:6 jtt7 0 “his special and expensive food.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 23:3](../23/03.md).
|
||
23:7 lbe8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he really does not want you to enjoy the meal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
23:8 aw14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 This is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. Alternate translation: “You will wish that you had not eaten anything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
23:8 z3l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. The abstract noun “compliments” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
23:9 nk6j 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
23:9 u4q5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “hearing” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
23:10 iha4 0 very old. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
|
||
23:10 de8r 0 This is a large stone to show where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
|
||
23:10 a9cb 0 This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else.
|
||
23:10 n6i1 0 children whose parents are dead
|
||
23:11 p1uf 0 Yahweh
|
||
23:11 bgi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “he will defend the orphans against you” or “he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:12 w7ey 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
23:12 pgj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
23:12 v2r3 0 Possible meanings are (1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or (2) “what people say and do when they correct you.”
|
||
23:12 jul6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
23:12 gn45 0 “to me when I tell you what I know”
|
||
23:13 c9zs 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
23:13 qfa7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “instruction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to instruct a child” or “Do not refuse to instruct a child” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
23:13 r8dq 0 refuse to give something that one knows another person needs
|
||
23:14 jx2r 0 piece of wood
|
||
23:14 e27r 0 “You are the one who must beat him … and save his soul.” No one else will do it. The hearer is responsible to save the child’s soul from Sheol, and the way to save him is to beat him.
|
||
23:14 z89f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 If the hearer beats his children with the rod, they will not die young because they have done foolish or evil things. The word “soul” is a metonym for the person. Sheol is the world of the dead; going to the world of the dead is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “you will keep him from the world of the dead” or “you will keep him from dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
23:15 h5yu 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
23:16 sij3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 “Your lips” means the whole person. Alternate translation: “when you speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
23:17 qz55 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
23:17 zgy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The word “heart” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not allow yourself to envy sinners” or “Make sure you do not envy sinners” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
23:18 d3fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not allow anyone to cut off your hope” or “God will keep the promises he made to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
23:19 qj67 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
23:19 f128 0 “Listen carefully, my son.” The speaker speaks an extra word to make sure the hearer is paying attention.
|
||
23:19 jg2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Deciding to do what is right is spoken of as if one person were showing another person the correct path to follow. Alternate translation: “make sure you do what is wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:20 sag8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Possible meanings are (1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or (2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
23:21 z3sn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The word “slumber” is an exaggeration for a person spending so much time enjoying food and drink that he does not do necessary work. This activity is spoken of as if it were a parent putting clothes on a child. Alternate translation: “because they spend so much time eating and drinking, they will do no work and so will become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
23:22 bzi7 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
23:22 s9it rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “show respect for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
|
||
23:23 smm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 Another possible meaning is “Buy the truth, and do not sell wisdom, instruction, or understanding.” The words “truth,” “wisdom,” “instruction,” and “understanding” are abstract nouns that are spoken of as if they were physical items that a person can buy and sell in a market. They can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “Do what you need to do so you can know what is true, so you can be wise, so you can learn how to act, and so you can tell good from bad; never think of anything else as more important than these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:24 rzg3 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
23:24 qls1 0 Another possible meaning is that the words “he that begets a wise child” explain who “the father of the righteous person” is. Alternate translation: “The father of the righteous person, he who begets a wise child, will greatly rejoice and will be glad in him”
|
||
23:24 b6a9 0 “will be glad because of him”
|
||
23:26 c77m 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
23:26 ds3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. Possible meanings are (1) “pay careful attention” or (2) “trust me completely.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:26 zdk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “observe” or “look carefully at” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
23:27 b64j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 There are two types of sexually immoral women. The “prostitute” is unmarried, “another man’s wife” is married. Together they form a merism for any kind of sexually immoral woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
23:27 y9ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “pit” is a metaphor for what happens to men who sleep with prostitutes. Alternate translation: “sleeping with a prostitute is like falling into a deep pit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:27 i17l 0 Here the word refers to any unmarried woman who engages in sexual activity, not only those who do so for money.
|
||
23:27 zt34 0 These are two places easy to fall into and hard to get out of, the “pit” because it is “deep” and the “well” because it is “narrow.”
|
||
23:27 fys1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Doing evil for which one will be punished is spoken of as falling into a narrow place from which one cannot escape. Alternate translation: “Sleeping with another man’s wife is like falling into a narrow well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:27 ezr3 0 a hole in the ground that people have dug to get to water
|
||
23:28 x4yu 0 stays hidden, ready to attack when a victim approaches
|
||
23:28 ll5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective or verb. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who harm others by deceiving them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
23:29 ek29 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
23:29 l7du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The writer uses these questions to prepare the reader for the point he is about to make about a particular type of person. He does not expect an answer to each question. Your language may have a different way of introducing a lesson. Alternate translation: “Listen to me while I tell you what kind of person has woe, sorrow, fights, complaining, wounds for no reason, and bloodshot eyes.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
23:29 yw3q 0 “eyes red, like the color of blood”
|
||
23:30 kqg7 0 These words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine.
|
||
23:30 g2tp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 spend much time drinking wine and so drink much wine (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
23:30 t96n 0 Possible meanings are (1) different wines mixed together or (2) other drinks that are stronger than wine.
|
||
23:31 v5x1 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
23:32 ip9z 0 “After you drink it”
|
||
23:32 cr4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “it” refers to “the wine when it is red.” “Bites” and “stings” are metaphors for the way too much wine makes people feel. Alternate translation: “it makes you feel as bad as if a serpent had bitten you or an adder had stung you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
23:32 q4ct 0 a type of poisonous snake
|
||
23:33 qfg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The “heart” represents the person and emphasize what he thinks and decides to do. Alternate translation: “you will think about and decide to do perverse things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
23:33 d1kc 0 things that God says are morally wrong and bad; things that are wicked
|
||
23:34 s7qb 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). It is the continuation of the description of a drunk person.
|
||
23:34 q7lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The place on the mast where the person lies can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “lies in the basket near the top of a mast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
23:34 lxy2 0 the long wooden pole to which are attached the sails of a sailing ship
|
||
23:35 c4na 0 Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him, yet he feels no pain and cannot remember anything.
|
||
23:35 d6ej 0 The drunk person is wondering when he will be sober again; when the effect of the wine will stop.
|
||
24:intro nl8m 0 # Proverbs 24 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter finishes the section.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Lazy man story\n\nUnlike much of Proverbs, verses 30-34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb.\n\n### Themes\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||
24:1 d1dq 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
24:2 dw7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The words “their hearts” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
24:2 m8px rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The words “their lips” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
24:2 es5l 0 “talk about causing harm” or “talk about creating problems”
|
||
24:3 f9id 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
24:3 hiy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to be wise if they are to build a good house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
24:3 q4cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
24:3 mq3v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “established” means made stable and strong. The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
24:4 ry4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
24:5 gah6 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
24:5 gya2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as “wise.” Alternate translation: “wise warrior” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
24:5 my2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “strength” can be translated as the verb “know” and the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “a man who knows many things is stronger because he knows these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
24:6 i9sa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “direction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “if you have wise people telling you what to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
24:6 e43z 0 “fight your war”
|
||
24:6 nll1 0 those who tell government officials what those officials should do
|
||
24:7 ten9 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
24:7 r9t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. “too difficult for a fool to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
24:7 e2pv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The mouth is a metonym for the words that come from the mouth. Alternate translation: “speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
24:8 f77e 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
24:8 f9l9 0 one who is skillful at making evil plans. Alternate translation: “a mischievous person” or “a troublemaker”
|
||
24:10 xt51 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
24:10 dbq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have very little strength” or “you are certainly weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
24:11 t92q 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
24:11 xc8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 These words can be translated in active form by using the term “they” which could be anyone, but are probably government officials. Alternate translation: “those whom they are taking away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
24:11 n8k2 0 Another possible meaning is “dragged away.”
|
||
24:11 ru95 0 walking unsteadily and almost falling. This word would also describe the way a person walks when he is being dragged away.
|
||
24:11 kl46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “slaughter” can be translated as a verb. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. Alternate translation: “where people will kill them as they would kill animals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
24:12 k5el 0 The writer is answering something that the reader may wrongly be thinking. Alternate translation: “You may say, ‘Behold, … this,’ but does”
|
||
24:12 akd7 0 “Listen to us! We” or “But we” or “We have done nothing wrong, because we”
|
||
24:12 yi61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the one who weighs the heart understands what you are saying.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
24:12 cx5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 The writer expects the reader to know that “the one” is Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
24:12 zda4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and desires. The writer speaks as if what a person thinks and desires were a physical object that a person could weigh, and weighing an object is a metaphor for looking closely at something to see how good it is. Alternate translation: “knows how good what people really think and desire is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
24:12 pa6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “The one who guards your life knows it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
24:12 m55q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “God will give to each one what he deserves.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
24:13 q7s6 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
24:14 p5t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 Possible meanings are (1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will take your hope away” or (2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “your hope will surely continue” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
|
||
24:15 i96h 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
24:15 s1ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The words “lie in wait” are an idiom. Translate “lie in wait” as in [Proverbs 1:11](../01/11.md). Alternate translation: “Do not hide and wait for the right time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
24:15 g6w6 0 the home of the righteous person
|
||
24:16 jrm7 0 “gets back on his feet” or “stands up again”
|
||
24:16 k8ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The writer speaks as if “calamity” were a person who could do bad things to other people. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will use calamity to bring down the wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
24:16 u49k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This is a metaphor of a person who was standing but someone has brought him down to the ground or made him fall. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
24:16 ze9b 0 times when bad things happen to people and their property
|
||
24:17 rpu6 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
24:17 t9ei 0 “something bad happens to your enemy”
|
||
24:17 by2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 This is a strong command. The word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “do not allow yourself to be glad” or “stop yourself from being glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
24:18 b18i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The words “turn away his wrath” are an idiom for no longer being angry. What Yahweh would do instead can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “stop being angry with him and be angry with you instead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
24:19 yp9l 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
24:20 mmf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of wicked people will end just as a lamp goes out. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
24:21 j1fr 0 These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
|
||
24:21 vvr9 0 a deep respect and awe for a person in authority
|
||
24:22 jzb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The writer asks this question to emphasize the disaster. Alternate translation: “no one knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
24:22 ub7e 0 these words refer to Yahweh and the king
|
||
24:23 jq5s 0 This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs.
|
||
24:23 ci6n 0 a situation that is brought before a judge in which someone is accused of breaking the law
|
||
24:24 lma6 0 The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will curse whoever says to the wicked person, … , and the people of other nations will hate him”
|
||
24:24 rfb9 0 Possible meanings are (1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or (2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime … innocent”
|
||
24:25 xwv5 0 “will be very happy”
|
||
24:25 ufh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Gifts are spoken of as if they were people who could move by themselves. The abstract noun “goodness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “people will give them good gifts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
24:25 uy7d 0 “good things” or “blessings”
|
||
24:26 sz6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 A kiss was a sign of respect and devotion in that culture. Alternate translation: “shows true friendship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
24:28 u5rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The lips are a metonym for the words a person speaks. Alternate translation: “by what you say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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24:29 cke7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. “take revenge against him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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24:31 w3gw 0 useless plants with sharp spines
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24:31 j4m7 0 plants that are covered with stinging leaves and hairs
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24:31 chw4 0 “had fallen down”
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24:32 u9za 0 “learned a lesson”
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24:34 d7gx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 This finishes a thought begun with the words “A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest” (Proverbs 24:33). You may need to fill in the omitted words. “You may say to yourself, ‘A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest,’ but then poverty will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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24:34 v85w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Some translations read, “poverty comes upon you like a robber.” Poverty is spoken of as if it were a person or animal that can attack a lazy person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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24:34 zx1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Needs are spoken of as if they were a person who could attack the lazy person. Alternate translation: “your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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25:intro l94s 0 # Proverbs 25 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
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25:2 x2ec 0 “to keep some things secret”
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25:2 cj4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “but it is the glory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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25:2 dg6e 0 “search that matter out” or “search for those things that God has concealed”
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25:3 jtp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The hearts of kings are compared to the size of the heavens and the earth. Alternate translation: “Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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25:3 b947 0 This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.
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25:4 jgm1 0 the material in a metal that people do not want and they remove by heating the metal
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25:5 vvu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The throne is a metonym for the power to rule. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king will establish his throne by doing” or “he will have the power to rule because he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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25:7 w69g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Here “up” means to move to a place at the table that is closer to the king. It is a great honor for a person to sit closer to the king. Alternate translation: “It is better for someone to invite you to sit closer to the king than” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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25:7 qf2z 0 “in front of a nobleman”
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25:8 t9ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question is asked to make the reader consider the possibility that he may have misunderstood the situation. The way in which the neighbor might put the reader to shame can be stated plainly. Alternate translation: “For you will not know what to do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame.” or “For if your neighbor has an explanation, he will put you to shame, and you will have nothing to say to defend yourself.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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25:9 lgk7 0 “your disagreement”
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25:9 c77l 0 “do not share your neighbor’s secret with other people”
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25:10 fr3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 Here “evil report” refers to harmful things that the person will tell others. The phrase “cannot be silenced” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to stop him from telling other people harmful things about you” or “he will tell people evil things about you and you will never have a good reputation again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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25:11 e2ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The goodness of “a word spoken at the right time” is spoken of as if it were the physical beauty of “apples of gold in settings of silver.” Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A word spoken at the right time is beautiful like apples of gold in settings of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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25:11 sq35 0 The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. Possible meanings are (1) “apples” should be translated as “design.” Alternate translation: “a golden design carved into a silver bowl” or (2) “apples” refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. Alternate translation: “Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl”
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25:11 ptu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “is a message that someone speaks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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25:12 ir54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The value and importance of “a wise rebuke” is spoken of as if it had the beauty and value of gold. Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A wise rebuke to a listening ear is beautiful and valuable like a golden ring or golden jewelry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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25:12 i38p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “person who is willing to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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25:13 tc4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Here a faithful messenger is being compared to the cold of snow, because both are pleasant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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25:13 sxk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Snow only fell on the tops of mountains, and the harvest took place in hot weather, so this is probably a metaphor for cool, fresh water from a clean stream. If your language has no word for snow, consider “cool, fresh, clean water.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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25:13 v57a 0 white flakes of ice that fall from the sky like rain
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25:13 z9pn 0 This means he makes his masters, who are weak and tired, to be strong and rested again.
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25:14 hbd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Rain was important to the Israelites because only small amounts of it fell, so a cloud without rain was useless and brought disappointment to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “The one who boasts … not give is like clouds and wind without rain” or “The one who boasts … not give is useless and a disappointment, like clouds and wind without rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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25:15 v2wv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone who is patient can persuade a ruler” or “Someone who is patient can speak to a ruler and change his mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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25:15 eed7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “tongue” is a metonym for the words the person speaks using the tongue. The word “bone” is a metaphor for strong opposition. Alternate translation: “gentle speech can overcome strong opposition” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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25:16 dc7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Verse 16 states a general principle, and verse 17 gives one specific example. The idea of eating too much honey and then vomiting it up is a metaphor for taking too much of any good thing and regretting it later. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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25:18 r378 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 A false witness is compared to three weapons that can hurt or kill people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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25:19 p8jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 A foolish man is compared to a part of the body that causes trouble for a person. Alternate translation: “Trusting in an unfaithful man in time of trouble will bring you pain like a bad tooth or a foot that slips” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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25:20 j5q4 0 This is a kind of mineral that hisses and bubbles violently when it comes into contact with acids like vinegar. Many translations translate this phrase as “a wound.”
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25:20 ef6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 You may need to make explicit what kind of songs the singer sings. Alternate translation: “sings happy songs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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25:20 z9sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “a sad person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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25:22 eb7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cause him to have a guilty conscience and be ashamed of what he has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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25:23 xj7i 0 In Israel, wind from the north often brought rain. Translators are free to substitute different kinds of wind for the same effect, for example, “a cold wind.”
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25:23 z36v 0 Some versions read “someone who tells secrets.”
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25:23 gn4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The face is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “makes other people so angry you can see it in their faces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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25:24 siz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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25:24 urg5 0 a wife who often argues or complains
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25:25 p4p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Cold water is compared to good news that is both refreshing and delightful. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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25:26 p3dy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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25:26 tiq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Tottering is a metaphor for either (1) refusing to fight wicked people or (2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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25:26 fe9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. Alternate translation: “unable to stand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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25:26 e13r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Possible meanings are (1) “when wicked people attack him” or (2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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25:27 h7jf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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25:27 x6in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “It is a bad thing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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25:27 ea11 0 “that is like always thinking about how others should honor you.” The meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some versions of the Bible translate this as “that is like speaking too many compliments to people.”
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25:28 gl3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Both a person without self-control and a city without walls are weak and vulnerable. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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25:28 jh45 0 “whose walls an army has knocked down and destroyed”
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26:intro juh9 0 # Proverbs 26 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
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26:1 w8yc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Normally snow does not fall during the summer and rain does not fall during the harvest. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Just as it would be very strange to have snow in summer or rain during the harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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26:2 kdg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 A curse that does not harm a person is spoken of as if it were a bird that does not land. Alternate translation: “so an undeserved curse does not land on its mark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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26:2 mf19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “a curse on a person who does not deserve it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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26:2 t3fg 0 land on someone or something
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26:3 v3b7 0 A whip, a bridle, and a rod are things that people use to make the horse, donkey, and fool do what they want.
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26:3 le7r 0 A bridle is made of straps. People put it on a donkey’s head and hold one of the straps to make the donkey go the way they want it to go.
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26:3 q1bg 0 In the Bible, people would hit their children or their slaves with a wooden rod in order to discipline them.
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26:5 rz54 0 Joining in on a fool’s folly when answering him represents answering him in a foolish way. Alternate translation: “Answer a fool according to his folly” or “Answer a fool foolishly”
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26:5 q48w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “so that he will not become wise according to his judgement” or “so that he does not consider himself to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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26:6 ang1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the hand represents the fool’s responsibility to deliver the message. Alternate translation: “Whoever sends a fool to deliver a message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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26:6 ife4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Cutting off one’s own feet is an exaggeration for harming one’s self. Alternate translation: “harms himself like a person who cuts off his own feet and drinks violence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
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26:6 a1zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Violence is spoken of as if it were a poisonous liquid that someone might drink. Alternate translation: “harms himself by being violent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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26:7 h8yx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is like the legs of a paralytic which hang down” or “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as useless as the legs of a paralytic which hang down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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26:7 m6mr 0 a person who is unable to move or feel all or part of his body
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26:7 nq9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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26:8 vhn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 In order to throw a stone very far, people put it into a sling and swing the sling so that the stone will fly from it very quickly. The result of tying a stone in a sling can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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26:8 fy3g 0 “honoring a fool”
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26:9 l82z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 How the two are alike can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as dangerous as a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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26:9 z794 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Possible meanings are (1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or (2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word “thorn” represents a thornbush. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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26:9 q3gg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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26:10 lu8m 0 “gives a job to a fool”
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26:11 dgd2 0 “As a dog eats its own vomit”
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26:12 cxr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question is used to lead the reader to think about someone who is wise in his own eyes. The phrase “is wise in his own eyes” means “thinks he is wise,” and here it implies that the person is not truly wise. Alternate translation: “Consider the person who thinks he is wise but is not.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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26:12 n43z 0 “A fool can become wise more easily than he can”
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26:13 y1yv 0 The lazy person lies and says that he cannot go outside and work because there is a lion on the road or between the open places.
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26:13 xyz8 0 See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:13](../22/13.md).
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26:13 ufn8 0 This refers to the places in town where there is a lot of room for people to walk around or where people gather. Alternate translation: “the town plazas” or “the streets”
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26:14 bfi2 0 metal pieces that attach a door to something and allow it to open and close
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26:14 uv1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Both the door and the lazy person move, but they do not go anywhere. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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26:15 j4ce 0 “puts his hand into the dish to get food” or “reaches for food”
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26:15 x6us rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 This is an exaggeration for doing necessary work that would clearly do him good. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
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26:16 e6pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The phrase “his own eyes” represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “The lazy person thinks he is wiser than seven men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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26:17 xh36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A passerby who becomes angry at some other people’s dispute is like a person who grabs hold of a dog’s ears” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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26:17 z69e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The implied information is that the dog will get angry and bite the person. Alternate translation: “Like a person who angers a dog by grabbing its ears” or “Like a person who grabs a dog’s ears and is bitten by the dog” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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26:17 ul2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The implied information is that the passerby will start arguing, and the people who were fighting will get angry with him and hurt him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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26:19 kd8e 0 Both the “madman” (Proverbs 26:18) and the one who deceives hurt people but do not take responsibility for it.
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26:19 g1qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The deceiver uses this question to imply that since he his joke was only for fun, he should not be blamed for any harm he has caused. Alternate translation: “I did nothing wrong. I was only telling a joke.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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26:20 ivv3 0 a person who gossips a lot
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26:21 l2ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 What charcoal does to coals and what wood does to fire can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “As charcoal helps coals burn and as wood helps fire burn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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26:21 ud8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 To kindle something means to set it on fire. Setting strife on fire is a metaphor for causing people to fight or argue. Alternate translation: “causing people to fight” or “causing people to argue” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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26:22 ye74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This speaks of gossip being desirable to listen to as if it were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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26:22 rb3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the words that a gossip says going into a person’s mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. This sentence is equivalent to [Proverbs 18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “and they enter a person’s mind and affect his thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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26:23 i9mz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This simile means that a person who says things to hide the evil in their heart are like a earthen vessel covered in glaze to make it look good. These phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “People who have burning lips and an evil heart are like an earthen vessel covered with glaze” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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26:23 ky5d 0 “the shiny glaze that covers a clay pot.” A clay pot is cheap and common. So people covered it was a glaze to make it shiny and appear more expensive.
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26:23 u5wy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 This represents a person who has burning lips and an evil heart. Alternate translation: “so is a person who has burning lips and an evil heart” or “so is a person who says nice things but whose heart is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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26:23 s94p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “burning” is a metaphor for “strongly emotional” and the word “lips” is a metonym for “speech.” Alternate translation: “emotional speech” or “saying nice things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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26:23 p5hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The heart represents a person’s thoughts, attitudes, desires, or feelings. Alternate translation: “evil thoughts” or “evil desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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26:24 rhg2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Disguising his feelings represents keeping people from knowing what his feelings are. The phrase “his lips” is a metonym for what he says. Alternate translation: “hides his feelings with what he says” or “speaks in such a way that people cannot know his true feelings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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26:24 qu8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Being deceitful is spoken of as if he were storing deceit within himself. Possible meanings are that “deceit” refers to lies. Alternate translation: (1) “he likes his many lies” or (2) deceit refers secret plans to harm people. Alternate translation: “he secretly plans to harm people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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26:25 f4gf 0 “but do not believe what he says”
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26:25 q7ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The number seven represents completeness. Possible meanings are (1) “abominations” refers to attitudes that God hates. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hateful things” or (2) “abominations” refers to his hatred for people. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hatred” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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26:26 iv6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated actively. Alternate translation: “Though deception covers his hatred” or “Though he covers his hatred with deception” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
26:26 d99d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Keeping people from knowing that he hates them is spoken of as covering his hatred. Alternate translation: “Though he lies to keep people from knowing that he hates them” or “Though he lies so that people will not know that he hates them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
26:26 slh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Being exposed represents being discovered or becoming known. Alternate translation: “his wickedness will become known in the assembly” or “the assembly will discover his wickedness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
26:26 d2jn 0 “the community of Israel”
|
||
26:27 sg61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is implied that the person digs the pit as a trap so that someone will fall into it. Alternate translation: “Whoever digs a pit to trap someone will fall into it” or “If someone digs a pit in order to trap someone, the one who dug it will fall into it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
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26:27 nj1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is implied that the person pushed a large stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone there. Alternate translation: “if someone pushed a stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone, the stone will roll back on him instead” or “if someone maked a stone roll so that it would hurt someone, the stone will crush him instead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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26:28 wvw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The phrase “a lying tongue” represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. Alternate translation: “A liar hates those he hurts by his lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
26:28 dfi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The phrase “a flattering mouth” represents a person who flatters people. Possible meanings are (1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or (2) a person who flatters others ruins them (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
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26:28 qp8a 0 praising someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praising someone about things that are not true
|
||
27:intro ec7g 0 # Proverbs 27 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||
27:1 f85w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This is a warning not to brag about what you expect to happen tomorrow. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak proudly about your plans for tomorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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||
27:1 t368 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Something happening on a certain day is spoken of as if the day were to bring that event. Alternate translation: “what will happen on a day” or “what will happen tomorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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27:2 cyj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. They can be repeated. Here a person is represented by his “mouth” and “lips” because those are the parts of the body used to speak. Alternate translation: “and do not let your own mouth praise you … and do not let your own lips praise you” or “and do not praise yourself … and do not praise yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
27:2 jhl7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. The words can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “let a stranger praise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
27:3 snl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The difficulty of being patient with a fool who provokes you is spoken of as if that difficulty were heavy. Alternate translation: “the provocation of a fool is harder to tolerate than either of them” or “It is harder to be patient when a fool provokes you than it is to be patient while carrying them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
27:3 hs8d 0 “the trouble caused by a fool.” “Provocation” means actions or words that cause anger or irritation.
|
||
27:4 j57v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract nouns “rage”, “anger” and “jealousy” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “A raging person is cruel and an angry person is overwhelming, but who can stand before a jealous person?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
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27:4 l3ui 0 “harshness”
|
||
27:4 srl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “the destructiveness of anger.” Anger is spoken of here as if it were a powerful flood. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
27:4 nh38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question implies that no one can stand before jealousy. It can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “but no one is able to stand before jealousy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
27:4 inj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here standing represents being strong and resisting being harmed by a jealous person who attacks. Alternate translation: “to resist a jealous person” or “to remain strong when a jealous person attacks him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
27:5 yva8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “rebuke” can be expressed with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “It is better to be openly rebuked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
27:5 pz3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 “than love that is not openly shown.” The abstract noun “love” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “than to be loved secretly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
27:6 d5v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “The wounds that a friend causes are trustworthy.” The word “wounds” here represents the pain and sadness that a person feels when a friend rebukes or corrects him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
27:6 uw1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The trustworthiness of a friend’s rebuke is spoken of as if the sadness that his rebuke causes is trustworthy. Alternate translation: “Though it causes sadness, a friend’s rebuke is trustworthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
27:6 wzd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It can be stated clearly that the enemy’s kisses are not trustworthy. Alternate translation: “but the enemy’s many kisses are not trustworthy” or “but an enemy may try to deceive you by kissing you profusely” or (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
27:6 d2u7 0 “abundantly” or “too many times”
|
||
27:7 diy7 0 “A person who is satisfied” or “A person who has eaten enough to be full”
|
||
27:7 v4fr 0 A honeycomb would normally be desirable, but not to the person who has already eaten enough to be satisfied.
|
||
27:7 aj75 0 “everything that is bitter tastes sweet”
|
||
27:8 tmr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The words “wanders” and “strays” mean the same thing in this verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
27:9 p2m8 0 The word “perfume” here means a desirable oil or ointment.
|
||
27:9 zj6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “the heart” represents the feelings or emotions of a person. Alternate translation: “make a person feel joyful” or “make a person glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
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27:9 fa3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) “sweetness” represents kindness. Alternate translation: “we recognize our friend’s kindness by his counsel” or (2) “sweetness” represents what we appreciate about a person. Alternate translation: “what we appreciate about a friend is his advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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27:10 c6gz 0 Here the word “brother” is a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group.
|
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27:10 zin1 0 extreme troubles and misfortune
|
||
27:11 v2t7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “heart” represents the person’s feelings or emotions. Alternate translation: “make me feel joyful” or “make me glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
27:11 sv31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Here “answer” does not mean to answer a question. It means to respond or to reply to someone who is mocking. How this relates to the clause before it can be made clear. AT “then I will reply to the one who mocks me by telling him about you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
27:11 gm95 0 makes fun of someone, especially in a cruel way
|
||
27:12 y47t 0 See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 22:3](../22/03.md).
|
||
27:12 jm89 0 “A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense”
|
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27:12 j5th 0 “the inexperienced and immature people”
|
||
27:12 bv11 0 experience something very unpleasant, such as illness, pain, or other hardships
|
||
27:13 l1r3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 When lending money, a lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
27:13 q6ci rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means for someone to give something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “who has guaranteed that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “who has promised to pay a loan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
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27:13 gvg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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27:14 xjs1 0 “If anyone gives his neighbor a blessing”
|
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27:14 z5ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the neighbor will consider that blessing to be a curse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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27:15 bh2v 0 This means making people angry with each other or causing strong disagreements between people.
|
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27:15 caj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The implied information is that it is rain that is constantly dripping. Alternate translation: “the constant dripping of rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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27:15 ldj6 0 “a day of continual rain”
|
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27:16 e46j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The implied information is that it is as difficult or useless to try and restrain her as it is to try to restrain the wind or catch oil in your hand (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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27:16 tfg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 “holding her back” or “keeping her under control.” The implied information is that it is trying to stop her from quarreling. Alternate translation: “restraining her from quarreling” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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27:16 z86v 0 “holding back the wind” or “keeping the wind under control”
|
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27:17 w3va rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 These two phrases are comparing how iron and a man can be improved. Alternate translation: “As iron can sharpen another piece of iron, so a man’s character is improved by contact with his friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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27:18 gbr2 0 “who takes care of”
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27:18 d71d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a master will honor the one who protects him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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27:19 z68a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here this means a person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “what a person thinks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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27:20 nv5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is a name that means “destroyer.” Alternate translation: “the Destroyer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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27:20 c28l 0 “are never filled up”
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27:20 q6ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “eyes” represent a man’s desires. Alternate translation: “a man’s desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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27:21 c4r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. See how you translated the very similar phrase in [Proverbs 17:3](../17/03.md). Alternate translation: “A crucible is used to refine silver and a furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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27:21 eg8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown 0 a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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27:21 eza1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown 0 an oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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27:21 b7qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when one praises a person, they are also testing that person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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27:22 m5zv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This means that even if a fool is made to suffer hardship or pain (being crushed is often a metaphor for suffering in Hebrew), he will remain foolish. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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27:22 ir3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown 0 a hard tool with a rounded end, used for crushing things in a bowl (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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27:23 ixh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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27:23 de7k 0 “flocks of sheep”
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27:23 b9bu 0 “herds of goats”
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27:24 v1t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question expects a negative answer to make the point that the reign of earthly rulers does not last forever. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “A crown does not endure for all generations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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27:24 gu92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “crown” is a metonym for a king’s rule over his kingdom. Alternate translation: “a king’s rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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27:25 n1ai 0 “the new sprouts appear” or “the new grass starts to grow”
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27:26 ra5w 0 Verses 26 and 27 go together with verses 23 to 25 as one proverb.
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27:26 dar8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The implied information is that the wool (hair) from the lambs can be used to make clothing. Alternate translation: “The lambs’ wool will provide you with clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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27:26 j2vp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The implied information is that the money received by selling the goats will be enough to buy a field. Alternate translation: “selling your goats will provide the price of the field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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27:27 q28m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The implied information is that there will also be enough goats’ milk to feed the servant girls. Alternate translation: “there will be goat’s milk to nourish your servant girls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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27:27 xjw4 0 “food”
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28:intro g91u 0 # Proverbs 28 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
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28:2 b4c7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Because of how a land transgresses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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28:2 qks4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This is a metonym for the sins of the people living in a land. Alternate translation: “the transgression of the people of a land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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28:2 ivf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns “understanding” and “knowledge” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “with a man who understands and knows how to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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28:3 tx2c 0 “who severely mistreats”
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28:3 pb4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The poor man who oppresses other poor people is compared to a rain that falls so hard that it leaves no crop to harvest. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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28:3 p9vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This is a metaphor for a rain coming down hard enough to cause crops to be driven down. Alternate translation: “damaging rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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28:4 z1ah 0 “forsake God’s law”
|
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28:4 j98f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 To “keep the law” means to do what God’s law requires. Alternate translation: “those who obey God’s law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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28:4 whf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “struggle against them.” This means to strongly oppose or resist them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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28:5 pi7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations 0 Here “men” means people in general. Alternate translation: “People who do evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
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28:5 t38q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “justice” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “do not understand what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
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28:5 k5mh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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28:5 ru6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The implied information is that those who seek Yahweh understand all about justice. Alternate translation: “completely understand what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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28:6 q4ty 0 “It is better to be a poor person … than it is to be a rich person”
|
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28:6 pfi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun “integrity” can be expressed as an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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28:6 jdf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Rich people who are dishonest are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “who is not honest in what he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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28:7 b5pv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 To “keep the law” means to do what God’s law requires. Alternate translation: “He who obeys God’s law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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28:7 h42h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a son who understands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
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28:7 rh6n 0 “of people who eat too much.” A “glutton” is a person who often eats and drinks excessively.
|
||
28:7 q9hm 0 “puts his father to shame” or “dishonors his father”
|
||
28:8 uef7 0 “increases his wealth”
|
||
28:8 i36g 0 “charging extra money to borrow”
|
||
28:8 tj5f 0 money paid by a borrower for the use of someone else’s money
|
||
28:8 xz6i 0 “brings his wealth together”
|
||
28:8 e1qz 0 “for another person”
|
||
28:8 s7xf 0 a strong feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone
|
||
28:9 w428 0 “If a person”
|
||
28:9 s7cf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 This represents the whole person turning away from and rejecting God’s law. Alternate translation: “turns away from hearing and obeying the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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28:9 ztw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 “even his prayer is offensive to God.” This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “God detests even his prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
28:9 a3bi 0 See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/32.md).
|
||
28:10 hgy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This is a metaphor for leading upright people in an evil direction. Alternate translation: “Whoever causes the upright to go in an evil direction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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28:10 pv8z 0 “If anyone misleads … evil way, he will fall”
|
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28:10 m6rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to upright persons in general. Alternate translation: “upright persons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
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28:10 tw7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “will fall into the trap that he has dug.” This is a metaphor for ending up in the same bad place as others had been led toward. Alternate translation: “will end up in the same evil place toward which he guided other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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28:10 yg55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to blameless persons in general. Alternate translation: “blameless persons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
28:10 w756 0 “will inherit what is good”
|
||
28:11 eg7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “be wise in his own thoughts” or “think he is wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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28:11 pj9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “who understands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
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28:11 ynr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom that means the poor person will be able to determine whether or not the rich person is really wise. Alternate translation: “will see his true nature” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
28:12 qew3 0 “When righteous people succeed”
|
||
28:12 zkn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom that means when the wicked gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “when the wicked rise to power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
28:12 emq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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28:12 g949 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 You may need to make explicit that those who “are sought out” have hidden themselves to escape from the wicked. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they seek people out” or “they seek out the people who hide from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
28:13 h8gm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “covers his sins.” This is the opposite of confessing and forsaking sins, and is spoken of as covering sins rather than bringing them into the open (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
28:13 e7kw 0 “will not succeed” or “will not advance”
|
||
28:13 m9fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will show mercy to the one who confesses and forsakes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
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28:14 nh5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who always lives with reverence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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28:14 ffn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “reverence” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “lives a reverent life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
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28:14 ijf7 0 This refers to deeply respecting Yahweh and showing that respect by obeying him.
|
||
28:14 ymm8 0 “the one who hardens his heart”
|
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28:14 ebu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. Alternate translation: “refuses to obey God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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28:14 l7ee rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This represents ending up in misery and distress. Alternate translation: “will end up in trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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28:15 z8ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Poor people who are helpless against an evil ruler are compared to people who have a lion roaring at them or a bear attacking them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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28:15 x5l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown 0 A bear is a large, furry, dangerous animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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28:16 et9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
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28:16 az95 0 a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
|
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28:16 lv7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “dishonesty” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
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28:16 eae9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Possible meanings are (1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or (2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
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28:17 rm8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. Alternate translation: “he has killed someone” or “he has murdered someone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
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28:17 v592 0 a person who is running away to avoid being captured
|
||
28:17 iz6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 “until he dies.” This means for the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “all of his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
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28:18 nhr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will keep safe anyone who walks with integrity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
28:18 u4m5 0 “Anyone who”
|
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28:18 f45f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun “integrity” can be expressed as an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
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28:18 kvc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A dishonest person is spoken of as if he walks on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “the one who does not live honestly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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28:18 x79a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 What will happen to a dishonest person is spoken of as if he suddenly fell down. Alternate translation: “will suddenly be ruined” or “will suddenly perish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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28:19 dlk7 0 This means to till, sow, and care for his crops.
|
||
28:19 uq9z 0 “anyone who follows”
|
||
28:19 t64p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 “chases after worthless projects.” The person who is busy doing things that do not produce anything is spoken of as chasing after useless things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
28:19 b8y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony 0 The person following worthless pursuits is spoken of as getting the opposite of plenty of food. The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “will be very poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
28:20 ix4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 The double negative “will not go unpunished” is used for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish the one who gets rich quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
28:20 nt6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The implied information is that this person gains wealth by unfaithful or dishonest means. Alternate translation: “the one who tries to get rich quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
28:21 kg9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 “A piece of bread” here is an exaggeration for a very small bribe or reward. Alternate translation: “a man will sin for very little gain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
28:21 phu7 0 “sin”
|
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28:22 v63d 0 “A selfish man.” This is a person who does not like to share his possessions or spend money.
|
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28:22 f7a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The stingy man is spoken of as if he was chasing after wealth. Alternate translation: “is greedy for riches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
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28:22 mz2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The result of being stingy is spoken of as if poverty was overtaking the stingy person. The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “he will suddenly become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
28:23 sr8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form, with the abstract noun “favor” being expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “A person will favor the one who disciplines him more than he favors the person who flatters him with his tongue” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
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28:23 q2x8 0 “If a person disciplines”
|
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28:23 hi86 0 trains people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior
|
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28:23 k6hl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The tongue here represents speaking. Alternate translation: “flatters him with words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
28:23 l9i1 0 praises someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praises someone about things that are not true
|
||
28:24 xcp2 0 “The one who robs”
|
||
28:24 qt94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations 0 This can be expressed as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “says that it is not a sin, he” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||
28:24 ie7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Possible meanings are: (1) “the friend of” or (2) an idiom that means having the same character as. Alternate translation: “the same kind of person as” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
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28:25 e3ce 0 a person who selfishly wants more things, money or food than what he needs
|
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28:25 bkj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The action of the greedy man is spoken of as if he were stirring up or awakening conflict. Alternate translation: “causes conflict” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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28:26 pnc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Depending on one’s self is spoken of as trusting in one’s own heart. Alternate translation: “The person who relies on himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
28:26 dyj3 0 “any person who walks”
|
||
28:26 g7hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Possible meanings are (1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. Alternate translation: “lives wisely” or (2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. Alternate translation: “follows wise teachings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
28:27 yhn4 0 “The person”
|
||
28:27 y6e6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: “poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
28:27 iwx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 This double negative is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “have everything they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
|
||
28:27 ykd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) they will receive many curses from the poor. Alternate translation: “the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them” or (2) they will receive many curses from people in general. Alternate translation: “people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” or (3) they will receive many curses from God. Alternate translation: “God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
28:27 cgl4 0 “anyone who closes”
|
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28:27 x8x1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Closing the eyes represents not responding to the needs of the poor. Alternate translation: “ignores” or “chooses not to help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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28:28 ku38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom that means when wicked people gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “When wicked people rise to power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
28:28 xc51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 This is an exaggeration for doing everything they can to avoid having wicked people harm them. Alternate translation: “people go into hiding” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
|
||
28:28 vjp8 0 Possible meanings are (1) “go away” or (2) “fall from power” or (3) “are destroyed.”
|
||
28:28 pd87 0 Possible meanings are (1) “multiply” or (2) “rise to power.”
|
||
29:intro pkl4 0 # Proverbs 29 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
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29:1 rl7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. Alternate translation: “who becomes stubborn” or “who refuses to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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29:1 nb5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will suddenly break him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
29:1 y5ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “and no one will be able to heal him.” Sickness is a metaphor for any kind of bad situation. Alternate translation: “and no one will be able to help him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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29:2 w7r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The people let out long, loud breaths that show that they are weary and sad. Alternate translation: “the people will be weary and sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
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29:4 v6du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “justice” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “by doing what is just” or “by making just laws” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
29:5 x5x6 0 knowingly tells his neighbor things that are not true so that the neighbor will do what the speaker wants him to do
|
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29:5 udx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer compares the flattery of a person to setting that person up to being caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “setting a trap to catch that person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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29:6 k8iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 When an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
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29:8 g91s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “city” represents the people who live in the city. Mockers causing the people to experience turmoil and possibly to become violent is spoken of as if they set the city on fire. Alternate translation: “create turmoil for the people of a city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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29:8 vcu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means to cause angry people no longer to be angry. Alternate translation: “calm the wrath of angry people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
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29:9 el5g 0 Another possible meaning is “goes to court against.”
|
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29:9 tzx7 0 The fool becomes very angry and tries to keep the wise person from speaking or the court judge from judging.
|
||
29:9 kn5t 0 This means to be loud and excited and to move with powerful movements like a strong storm. This is a negative word.
|
||
29:9 qmv5 0 “they will not be able to settle the problem”
|
||
29:10 jbu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means to “want to kill.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
29:12 ui7k 0 “listens.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 17:4](../17/04.md).
|
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29:12 b9es rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The actions of the ruler are spoken of by stating the result they will cause. Alternate translation: “it is as if he is teaching his officials to be wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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29:13 f56w 0 a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
|
||
29:13 psq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means “Yahweh makes both of them alive.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
29:14 x486 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The throne is a metonym for the kingdom he rules from his throne. Alternate translation: “his kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
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29:15 ybi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The writer speaks as if a rod and reproof were people who could give wisdom as a physical gift. Alternate translation: “If a parent uses the rod on his child and reproves him, the child will become wise” or “If parents discipline their child and tell him when he has done wrong, the child will learn to live wisely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
29:15 p19z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Parents in Israel used wooden rods as instruments to discipline children by striking them. Alternate translation: “discipline” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
29:15 m43w 0 When a person gives reproof to another person, or reproves that person, he tells that person that he does not approve of what that other person is doing.
|
||
29:16 th5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
29:16 ha78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “downfall” can be translated with the verb “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
29:18 s41b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who keeps the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
29:19 kl1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form.”You will not be able to correct a slave simply by talking to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
29:20 qfr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The writer is using a question to get the reader’s attention. Alternate translation: “You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
29:21 k1j6 0 “who allows his slave to avoid work and who treats his slave better than he treats other slaves”
|
||
29:21 qas4 0 “at the end of the slave’s youth” or “when the slave is grown”
|
||
29:21 qs95 0 These words translate a Hebrew word whose meaning no one knows for sure. Some understand it to mean that the slave will be weak, others that the slave will rule the household.
|
||
29:22 s7ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. The abstract noun “strife” can be stated as “argue.” See how you translated similar words in [Proverbs 15:18](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” or “causes people to argue and fight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
29:22 ad7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means “a person who becomes angry easily.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
29:23 z268 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “men will give honor to a person who has a humble spirit” or “a person who has a humble spirit will receive honor from men” or “Yahweh will cause men to honor a person who has a humble spirit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
29:24 jpz1 0 “becomes his own enemy”
|
||
29:24 ej5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Possible meanings are (1) people have put the “one who shares with a thief” under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate translation: “he does not dare to testify under oath” or (2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the “one who shares” is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate translation: “he says nothing even after people have cursed him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
29:25 t7d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Being afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
29:25 k5l2 0 a trap that catches animals with ropes
|
||
29:25 t3gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
29:26 sa3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “face” is a metonym for the ruler listening to people telling him what they want him to do and then doing it. Alternate translation: “Many people want their ruler to pay attention to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
29:26 w96b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 It is Yahweh, not human rulers, who will see that people treat a person justly. The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as “just.” Alternate translation: “it is Yahweh who is truly just towards a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
29:27 c4s9 0 a person who should be hated. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/32.md).
|
||
30:intro aud8 0 # Proverbs 30 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n### Agur\n\nHis full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means “gatherer” and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name.\n\n### Three things and four\n\nFrom verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like “small and yet wise.” The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n### Themes\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||
30:1 u8l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
30:1 v8qt 0 This is the literal son of Jakeh, not a grandchild.
|
||
30:1 ic3d 0 “the message”
|
||
30:1 y7qf 0 “to Ithiel—that is, to Ithiel and Ucal”
|
||
30:2 n4d9 0 “Certainly” or “There is no doubt that”
|
||
30:2 ij38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
30:3 ln5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “nor do I really know anything about the Holy One” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
30:4 kw1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The writer asks these questions to get the reader thinking about how much greater Yahweh is than people. Alternate translation: “No person has ever … down. No person has ever … hands. No person has ever … cloak. No person has ever … earth.” or “Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? No one has ever done any of these things.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
30:4 eb1b 0 where God lives
|
||
30:4 bz7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks of the wind as if it were something that a person could catch and hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “has caught the wind in his hands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
30:4 g4i7 0 the way his hands are shaped when he is scooping up, for example, water or sand. “his cupped hands”
|
||
30:4 l4kf 0 brought small scattered objects into a pile so they can be lifted
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30:4 rce5 0 “has set up the limits for where the earth ends” or “has marked the boundaries for the ends of the earth”
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30:4 t7g1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The writer uses these questions to command the reader to give an answer. Alternate translation: “Tell me his name and the name of his son, if you know them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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30:4 jv39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony 0 The writer uses irony to show that neither he nor the reader know any person who can do what the “who” in the earlier questions can do. Alternate translation: “I do not think you really know anyone who can do those things.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
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30:5 mna2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Words are spoken of as if they were metals that need someone to clean the bad parts out of them. Alternate translation: “is like a precious metal from which someone has removed all the useless material” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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30:5 u15z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “shield” is a metaphor for something that protects a person. Alternate translation: “he protects those who come and ask him to protect them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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30:6 lu63 0 say more than he has said
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30:6 e39x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will prove that you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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30:8 v3d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) “Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me” or (2) “Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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30:8 jw32 0 false, useless words
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30:8 wk6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The writer speaks as if “poverty” and “riches” were physical objects that someone could give to another. They are also abstract nouns that can be stated as “poor” and “rich.” Alternate translation: “Do not allow me to be either very poor or very rich” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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30:9 vrk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes rich. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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30:9 t24i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes poor. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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30:9 f4ah 0 “I might make people who know that I have stolen things think that there is no God” or “I might harm God’s reputation by stealing”
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30:10 rz4a 0 speak falsely about another person with the desire to harm him
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30:10 ycc9 0 “the servant will curse”
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30:10 u5fu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will hold you guilty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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30:11 sz6e 0 “a generation of people who curse … and do not bless”
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30:11 z4bb 0 type or class or group
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30:12 h8cq 0 “a generation of people that are”
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30:12 dp6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “considers themselves pure” or “believes they are pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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30:12 re7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The words “washed” and “filth” speak of God forgiving people who sin as if he were washing physical filth off of the people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has not forgiven them of their sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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30:12 fyp5 0 This should be translated with a polite term that includes human or animal vomit and waste.
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30:13 ey4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This describes people who think that they are better than other people. Their eyes show that they are proud, and the way they look at others shows that they think they are better than those other people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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30:14 zca7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The people of the generation who speak very harmful things is spoken of as if they were wild animals with teeth and jawbones made of swords and knives, and they eat the poor and needy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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30:14 z22j 0 the bones of the face where teeth grow
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30:15 yr92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This is an example of something that always wants more. Alternate translation: “Greed has two daughters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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30:15 ik61 0 a type of worm that attaches itself to the skin and sucks blood
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30:15 n8v6 0 Another possible meaning is “and they are both named Give Me.”
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30:15 snu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 This use of the numbers “three” and “four” together here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are four things that are never satisfied, who never say, ‘Enough’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
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30:15 xlu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “always want more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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30:16 d8p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Land that is no longer producing food because there has been no rain is spoken of as if it were a person who does not have enough water to drink. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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30:17 hr1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “obedience” is a metonym for the mother herself. It is also an abstract noun that can be stated as “obey.” Alternate translation: “considers his mother worthless and will not obey her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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30:17 pr2u 0 The writer says that the person will die by giving two pictures of what happens to people who die away from where people live.
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30:17 l9a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the ravens of the valley will peck out his eyes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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30:17 x3vs 0 large, shiny, black birds that eat plants and dead animals
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30:17 sxz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the vultures will eat him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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30:17 k8je 0 any one of several large birds that eat dead animals and have small, featherless heads
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30:18 njh2 0 The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that are too wonderful for me that I do not understand—four of them are:”
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30:19 u9rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The “heart” refers to the middle. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” or “on the open sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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30:20 h26k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This seems to be both a euphemism and a metaphor for committing adultery and then taking a bath. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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30:21 s3e3 0 The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. “There are some things that make the earth tremble, that it cannot endure. Four of these are:”
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30:22 xv9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fool who has had enough to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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30:23 l8m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 That is, people rightly hated her before she married; once she marries, she will be worse than she was before she married. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a woman whom good people have hated when she marries” or “an outcast woman when she marries” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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30:23 dwd5 0 rules the household
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30:26 p11p 0 an animal with small, rounded ears, short legs, and no tail
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30:28 l4zb 0 a small reptile that has four legs, a long, slender body, and a tail
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30:29 u31f 0 The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that walk stately. Four of these are”
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30:29 dc44 0 majestic or dignified, like a king
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30:31 e3z8 0 an adult male chicken that walks proudly
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30:33 kgm4 0 strongly stirring
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30:33 nj7p 0 Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick.
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31:intro dd9p 0 # Proverbs 31 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])\n\n### King Lemuel\n\nThis person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### An acrostic poem\n\nVerse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife.\n\n### Themes\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
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31:2 nw5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Possible meanings of the rhetorical question “What” are (1) “What are you doing?” or “You should not be doing what you are doing” or (2) “What shall I tell you?” or “Listen to what I am telling you” or (3) “Do not do the things I am about to warn you against.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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31:2 ag7f 0 The speaker wants the hearer to notice carefully and to respect the one who is talking to him.
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31:2 ye5f 0 The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born.
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31:2 p2hh 0 The “vows” could be (1) the mother’s marriage vows or (2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God.
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31:3 irw8 0 “Do not work hard trying to have sex with women,” either outside of marriage or with concubines.
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31:3 tuq5 0 “or allow those who destroy kings to advise you”
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31:3 j3yt 0 Possible meanings are (1) “the way you live your life” or (2) “the work you do”
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31:3 v8um 0 probably the immoral “women” to whom he is not to give his strength
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31:4 s8mw 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:1](../31/01.md).
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31:5 ex8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “what God has decreed” or (2) “what the kings themselves have decreed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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31:5 w2jv 0 “deny afflicted people their legal rights”
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31:5 y3ds 0 exchange good for evil
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31:5 mdn6 0 “all those people whom others wrongfully harm”
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31:6 q63s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “and give wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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31:6 i7g7 0 “who’s souls are bitter” or “who are in misery”
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31:7 f15v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “how poor he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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31:7 cb4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “trouble” can be translated as a clause. Alternate translation: “the bad things that are happening to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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31:8 r3tl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Speaking is a metonym for using words to defend innocent people. Alternate translation: “Defend those who cannot defend themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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31:8 mxp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The cause represents the person whose cause it is. Alternate translation: “so that people will treat all who are perishing justly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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31:8 e1y9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “speak for the causes” or “speak out for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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31:9 yc2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “people who are poor and cannot get the things that they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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31:10 ufh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The writer asks a question to show that he is beginning a new section. Alternate translation: “Not many men can find a capable wife.” or “Not many men can find a wife who is able to do many things well.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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31:10 v97s 0 “She is more precious than jewels”
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31:11 i7un rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always have what he needs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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31:13 usy5 0 sheep’s hair that is used to make cloth
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31:13 xs1v 0 a plant whose fiber is used to make linen
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31:13 n9qr 0 Possible meanings are that the word “delight” describes (1) how she feels as she works, “gladly with her hands,” or (2) how she feels about the wool and flax, “with her hands on things that she enjoys working with”
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31:14 h984 0 someone who buys and sells
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31:15 ry3t 0 “tells her female servants what work each of them is to do that day”
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31:16 fgc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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31:17 vv53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Putting on clothes is a metonym for preparing for work. Alternate translation: “She prepares herself for hard physical work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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31:17 fn86 0 “she strengthens her arms by doing her work”
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31:18 d4np 0 sees by looking carefully
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31:18 jpw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 This is probably an exaggeration: she works late into the night, but not from dusk to dawn. Alternate translation: “She burns a lamp through the night as she works” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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31:19 d3iv 0 a thin rod or stick with pointed ends that is used in making thread
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31:20 en6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The hand is a metonym for the help the woman uses her hand to give. Alternate translation: “helps poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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31:20 s1we 0 These words translate the same words translated “puts her hands on” in [Proverbs 31:19](../31/19.md).
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31:21 tt96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “scarlet” does not refer to the color of the cloth, but that the clothing is expensive and warm. Alternate translation: “have expensive, warm clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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31:21 ail4 0 The color red, but with a hint of orange.
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||
31:22 a3x1 0 cloth made of flax yarn
|
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31:23 ra37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. The verb “know” is a metonym for respect. Alternate translation: “People respect her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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31:23 dbz1 0 to make laws and settle arguments
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31:24 d6wi 0 cloth made from flax yarn
|
||
31:24 ghw5 0 long pieces of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder
|
||
31:25 k3bi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Having strength and honor is spoken of as if the woman were wearing them. This can be translated in active form. The abstract nouns “strength” and “honor” can be translated by an adjective and a verb, respectively. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that she is strong, and so they honor her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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31:25 a29g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 This is probably an exaggeration to show that she is not afraid. Alternate translation: “is not afraid of what will happen in the future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
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31:26 lb6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The act of opening her mouth is a metonym for speaking. The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as an adverb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “she speaks wisely” or “she speaks wise words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
31:26 q9jl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The phrase “on her tongue” refers to her speaking, as the tongue is part of the mouth. The phrase “the law of kindness” refers to her teaching people to be kind. Alternate translation: “she teaches people to be kind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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31:27 uqe6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “ways” refers to the way people live. Alternate translation: “makes sure her whole family lives in a way that pleases God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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||
31:27 ynb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 To “eat the bread of” something means to do something. Alternate translation: “she is not idle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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||
31:27 j79l 0 doing nothing and being lazy
|
||
31:28 hq5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Possible meanings are (1) literally “stand up and” or (2) as a metonym, “actively.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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||
31:28 lqv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations 0 saying that good things have happened to her because she has done good things. This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “congratulate her” or “say, ‘Yay, Mom!’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||
31:29 fl85 0 “you have done better than”
|
||
31:30 e8cj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “elegance” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “A gracious woman can deceive people” or “A woman with good manners could really be evil” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 11:16](../11/16.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
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31:30 qcq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “beauty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “a woman who is beautiful now will not always be beautiful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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||
31:30 k9e4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will praise her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
31:31 df11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:16](./16.md). Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
31:31 ef6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 She will be praised for her works, not by her works. Those “in the gates” are the important people of the city who conduct business and legal affairs near the gates of the city. Alternate translation: “may the important people of the city praise her because of the works she has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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