ml_tn/tn_PRO.tsv

1	Reference	ID	Tags	SupportReference	Quote	Occurrence	Note
2	front:intro	spe4				0	Introduction to Proverbs Part 1: General Introduction Outline of Proverbs Solomon introduces his proverbs (1:1–7) Collection of teachings (1:8–9:18) Proverbs of Solomon (10:1–22:16) Words of wise men (22:17–24:22) More words of wise men (24:23–34) More proverbs of Solomon (25:1–29:27) The words of Agur (30:1–33) The words of Lemuel (31:1–9) A good wife praised (31:10–31) What is the book of Proverbs about? A proverb is a short statement that expresses some wisdom or truth. Most societies have their own proverbs. People that speak a given language can readily understand proverbs in that language. The Book of Proverbs is a collection of proverbs. It also includes teachings about how to live wisely. Scholars refer to Proverbs, Psalms, Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs as wisdom literature. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) How should the title of this book be translated? The title of this book is often translated as “Proverbs.” A more general translation would be “Words for Wise People,” “Words that Give Wisdom,” or something similar. Who wrote the book of Proverbs? Proverbs begins with the words, “The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel.” But Solomon did not write all of the proverbs. Unnamed wise men may have written some of them. Agur the son of Jakeh (30:1) and King Lemuel (31:1) identify themselves as writing some of the proverbs. Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts What is meant by “wisdom” and “foolishness” in the Book of Proverbs? “Wisdom” means the understanding and doing of what is true and morally right. A wise person understands and does what Yahweh would judge to be right. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. The book of Proverbs also acknowledges that it is important to maintain one’s honor or reputation in the opinion of other people. Those who fail to live in this way are called “foolish.” For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]]) Part 3: Important Translation Issues What form do the individual proverbs have? Most proverbs have two parts or two lines that are “parallel” to each other. The second part may strengthen the first, may give more details about the first, or may even say what seems the opposite of the first. Translators should take into account that each proverb is also part of a larger group of proverbs. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) How should personification be represented in translation? In Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and understanding are often represented as if they were wise women, as in Proverbs 3:15-18, Proverbs 4:6-9, and elsewhere. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, in many languages this kind of direct translation is not possible. In such a case, the translator may be able to translate these personifications as similes instead. This means they would present wisdom or understanding as being like a wise woman whom people should obey. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3	1:intro	y4et				0	Proverbs 01 General Notes Structure and formatting The first chapter of proverbs begins with a type of introduction in verses 1-7. It mentions Solomon, son of David. Verse 7 contains a foundational verse for the whole book. It defines wisdom. Special concepts in this chapter Parallelism Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4	1:1	q6pn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Verses 2-33 are poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
5	1:2	iaq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns “wisdom” and “instruction” can be stated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “to teach you how to be wise and to instruct you about how to live moral lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
6	1:2	rs3p				0	“to help you understand wise teachings”
7	1:3	ew1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you		0	Here “you” refers to the readers. If it is more natural in your language you can state it as an inclusive “we.” Alternate translation: “that we may receive” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
8	1:3	aun5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “instruction” is stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “may be instructed how to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
9	1:4	be4c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “wisdom” can be stated as the adjective “wise.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also teach to those who are naive how to be wise” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10	1:4	j62d				0	inexperienced or immature
11	1:4	p2ca		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “discretion” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and to teach to young people what they need to know and how to discern the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
12	1:4	wxv5				0	knowing what should be done in a particular situation
13	1:5	lrm2				0	“Let those who are wise pay attention and learn even more”
14	1:5	r7sn				0	“let people who have understanding learn from these proverbs how to make good decisions”
15	1:6	rcl9				0	sayings that one can understand only after thinking about them
16	1:7	r9nd				0	A father teaches his child.
17	1:7	ga71				0	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
18	1:7	l9za				0	“those who do not value what is wise and instructive are fools”
19	1:8	p2x9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom that means “do not ignore” or “do not reject” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20	1:9	qxp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The rules and instructions that parents teach their children are so valuable and important that they are spoken of as if they were a beautiful wreath or pendant that a person wears. Alternate translation: “they will make you wise just as wearing a wreath on your head or a pendant around your neck makes you beautiful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21	1:9	h55y				0	an woven circle made of leaves or flowers
22	1:9	l3ql				0	jewelry that is worn around the neck
23	1:10	y9bt				0	“try to persuade you to sin as they do”
24	1:10	e1wu				0	“refuse them” or “do not listen to them”
25	1:11	f89h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo		0	Here the speaker gives an example of what sinners may try to entice someone to do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
26	1:11	nvn9				0	“hide and wait for the right time”
27	1:12	b8bq				0	Verses 12-14 end the imagined statement of the sinners who are trying to entice others to sin.
28	1:12	w4w6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The sinners speak of murdering innocent people as if they were Sheol and they would take a living and healthy person down to the place where dead people go. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29	1:12	jg5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This speaks of the grave as if it were a person that swallows humans and takes them down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
30	1:12	kea4				0	The wicked expect to destroy their victims in the same way Sheol, the place of the dead, takes away even healthy people.
31	1:12	ayt4				0	Possible meanings are (1) this refers to travelers who fall into a deep hole where no one will ever find them or (2) here “pit” is another word that means Sheol or the place where dead people go.
32	1:14	x2p6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Join us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
33	1:14	l56r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “purse” represents everything that they steal. Alternate translation: “we will equally share everything that we steal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
34	1:14	ci4y				0	a bag for carrying money
35	1:15	t25u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	To avoid behaving the same way as the sinners do is spoken of as if the son were to avoid walking on or even touching the roads that sinners walk on. Alternate translation: “do not go with the sinners or do what they do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
36	1:16	vap2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The sinners having an eager interest in doing evil things is spoken of as if they were running to evil. Alternate translation: “they are eager to do wicked things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
37	1:16	v6fc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “feet” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “they run” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
38	1:16	m7ui		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
39	1:17	g5jd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This metaphor compares the wisdom of birds who avoid traps that they see to the foolishness of sinners who get caught in traps they make for themselves. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
40	1:18	ulr3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This finishes the comparison started in Proverbs 1:17. The men destroying themselves by doing sinful things is spoken of as if they set a trap and kill themselves. Alternate translation: “But these men are more foolish than the birds. They kill themselves with their own traps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
41	1:18	b16m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	To lie in wait is to hide, ready to do something wicked. Alternate translation: “It is as if they are looking for an opportunity to kill themselves” or “They themselves will be killed because they try to kill others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
42	1:18	vs5n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “blood” is a metonym for a violent death. Alternate translation: “to kill themselves violently” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
43	1:18	rih3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “their own lives” is a metonym for themselves. Alternate translation: “it is as if they are the ones who are waiting to suddenly attack and kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
44	1:19	fz7s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person’s fate or destiny is spoken of as if it were a road a person walks on. Alternate translation: “This is what happens to everyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
45	1:19	su23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person destroying themselves by trying to gain wealth through violence, theft, and deceit is spoken of as if the unjust gains will kill those who take it. Alternate translation: “it is like the unjust gains will destroy those who hold on to it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
46	1:20	xza5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	In 1:20-1:33 Wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman speaking to the people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
47	1:20	pj5i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	If your language does not allow you to treat wisdom as a woman shouting to the people in the city, you might try something like “Grandmother Wisdom cries aloud” or “Honored Miss Wisdom cries aloud” or “Wisdom is like a woman who cries aloud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
48	1:20	u7zc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “speaks with a loud voice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
49	1:20	pj5v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This means places where there would be a lot of people. Alternate translation: “in the markets” or “in the town squares” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
50	1:21	ggk1				0	Possible meanings are (1) “head” refers to the place where busy streets intersect or (2) “head” refers to the top of a wall where people on noisy streets could see and hear wisdom speaking.
51	1:22	jk3x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	Wisdom uses this question to rebuke those who are not wise. Alternate translation: “You who are naive must stop loving being naive.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
52	1:22	v3nj				0	inexperienced or immature
53	1:22	j83h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	Wisdom uses this question to rebuke the mockers and the fools. Alternate translation: “You who mock must stop delighting in mockery, and you fools must stop hating knowledge.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
54	1:23	v9un		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
55	1:23	uv1b				0	“Listen carefully”
56	1:23	t4c9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Wisdom telling the people everything she thinks about them is spoken of as if her thoughts were a liquid that she would pour out. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
57	1:23	c7ci				0	“I will tell you what I think”
58	1:24	i835		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This phrase is an idiom that means to beckon someone or to invite a person to come. Alternate translation: “I invited you to come to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
59	1:26	y4fk				0	Wisdom continues to speak, describing what happens to those who ignore her.
60	1:26	r8lx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases		0	This can be stated with the word “therefore” to show that the woman wisdom laughs at them because they ignored her. Alternate translation: “Therefore I will laugh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
61	1:26	p97h				0	“when bad things happen to you”
62	1:27	kd9m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Terrible things happening to the people is compared to a storm hitting them and causing fear and suffering. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
63	1:27	uy59				0	a very strong wind storm that causes damage
64	1:28	m9t9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Wisdom continues speaking. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
65	1:28	g5w7				0	“Then those who ignored me will cry out to me for help”
66	1:29	xk1e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as the verb “learn.” Alternate translation: “Because they refused to learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
67	1:29	iu3z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “fear” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “did not fear Yahweh” or “did not honor and respect Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
68	1:30	h1ds				0	“would not accept my instruction” or “rejected my advice”
69	1:31	nr9k				0	Verse 33 ends wisdom’s statement that began in Proverbs 1:22.
70	1:31	wkf7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here a person’s behavior is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Also, a person receiving the results of their behavior is spoken as if the person were eating the fruit of their behavior. Alternate translation: “experience the consequences of their actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
71	1:31	c1jc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“they will eat the fruit of their schemes until they are full.” A person receiving the results of their own evil plans is spoken of as eating the fruit of their schemes. Alternate translation: “they will suffer the consequences of their own evil plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
72	1:32	t8af				0	inexperienced or immature
73	1:32	d3pk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person rejecting wisdom is spoken of as if the person physically turns away from wisdom. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “die because they refuse to learn” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
74	1:32	le64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “indifference” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “fools will die because they do not care about what should be done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
75	1:32	cmi9				0	a lack of interest about something
76	2:intro	wr6i				0	Proverbs 02 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 2 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. Special concepts in this chapter My Son Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
77	2:1	gj7r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	A father teaches his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
78	2:1	wtm1				0	“if you listen to what I am teaching you”
79	2:1	jh3i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Valuing what is commanded is spoken of as if the commandments were a treasure and the person were a safe place to store the treasure. Alternate translation: “consider my commands to be as valuable as a treasure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80	2:2	an5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “force yourself to listen carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
81	2:2	w1il		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	This abstract noun can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “to the wise things I am teaching you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
82	2:2	gme3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “heart” represents a person’s mind. The phrase “incline your heart” is an idiom that means to commit or fully dedicate one’s mind to a task. Alternate translation: “try hard to understand what is wise” or “fully dedicate yourself to understanding wise teachings” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
83	2:3	j5n7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both of these phrases have the same meaning. It is implied that the person is strongly asking Yahweh for understanding. Alternate translation: “If you urgently ask God and plead for understanding” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
84	2:3	q192		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom that means to speak loudly or to shout. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
85	2:4	ci1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both phrases have the same meaning. These similes emphasize the great effort a person should make to understand what is wise. Alternate translation: “if you seek understanding with as much effort as you search for a valuable object” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
86	2:4	ll3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Trying very hard to understand what is wise is spoken of as if understanding were an object for which a person must search. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
87	2:5	h49h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	To succeed in knowing God is spoken of as if the knowledge of God were an object that a person finds after searching. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
88	2:6	g5bj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “mouth” represents Yahweh himself or what he says. Alternate translation: “from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding” or “Yahweh tells us what we need to know and understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
89	2:7	jn6b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh teaching wisdom to people is spoken of as if wisdom were an item that Yahweh stores and gives to people. Alternate translation: “He teaches what is truly wise to those who please him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90	2:7	dv7k				0	“dependable”
91	2:7	m2mi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh being able to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. Alternate translation: “God protects those” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
92	2:7	u4zr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person behaving with integrity is spoken of as if they were walking in integrity. Alternate translation: “who behave with integrity” or “who live their lives as they should” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
93	2:8	qt7r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God makes sure that people act justly” or (2) a person’s life is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God protects those who act justly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
94	2:8	t2qd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person’s life is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: “protect those who are faithful to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
95	2:9	qn9x				0	fairness
96	2:9	ex8y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A behavior that is wise and pleases Yahweh is spoken of as if it were a good path. Alternate translation: “ways to live that are pleasing to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
97	2:10	kf4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being. A person becoming wise is spoken of as if wisdom would enter into a person’s heart. Alternate translation: “you will gain much wisdom” or “you will learn how to be truly wise” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
98	2:10	z4e2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “soul” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “pleasing to you” or “enjoyable to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
99	2:11	jbm7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This speaks of “discretion” and “understanding” as if they were persons who could watch over someone else. Both statements mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Because you think carefully and understand what is right and wrong you will be safe” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
100	2:11	q2th				0	the quality of being careful in actions and speech
101	2:11	dnu8				0	to guard, protect or take care of someone or something
102	2:12	ix2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	“They” refers to discretion and understanding, which are spoken of as if they were persons who could rescue someone else. Alternate translation: “You will know to stay away from what is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
103	2:12	vs4c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Evil behaviors are spoken of as if evil were a way or path on which a person walks. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104	2:13	a5k8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person no longer doing what is right but deciding to do what is evil is spoken of as if the person stops walking on the correct path and chooses to walk down a dark path. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
105	2:13	tc6p				0	The word “who” refers to the people who speak perverse things.
106	2:13	q9by				0	to leave and never return to someone or something
107	2:14	e571				0	“They” refers to the same people as in Proverbs 2:12.
108	2:14	t4yz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “delight in doing what they know is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
109	2:15	jpq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	People who lie to others are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “They deceive other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
110	2:15	lsl5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	People lying so that others will not find out what they did is spoken of as if they covered the tracks on a path so that no one could follow them. Alternate translation: “they lie so that no one will know what they have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
111	2:16	erj5				0	The father continues to teach his child how wisdom will protect him.
112	2:16	p5k9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of wisdom and discretion as if they were people who save the one who possesses them. Alternate translation: “If you have wisdom and discretion, you will save yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
113	2:17	c2iu				0	This refers to her husband, whom she married when she was young.
114	2:17	awb4				0	This likely refers to the marriage covenant that she made with her husband in the presence of God.
115	2:18	dn9d				0	Possible meanings are (1) “going to her house leads to death” or (2) “the road to her house is the road to death.”
116	2:18	kl7y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) “the paths to her house will lead you.” This refers to the tracks or path that lead to her house, or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of her way of life as if it were a path on which she walks. Alternate translation: “her way of life will lead you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
117	2:18	hwl4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to the spirits of dead people and is a metonym for the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “to the grave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
118	2:19	n7tg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	This means to go into her house to sleep with her, as one would with a prostitute. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
119	2:19	zg4r				0	Possible meanings are (1) “they will not return to the land of the living” or (2) “they will never live a happy life again.”
120	2:20	ts71				0	The writer tells the result of getting understanding and discretion.
121	2:20	fiw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person’s conduct is spoken of as if it were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “you will live in the way … follow the example” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
122	2:22	r5sm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will remove the wicked from the land” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
123	2:22	w94m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	These are nominal adjectives that can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked … those who are faithless” or “wicked people … faithless people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
124	2:22	cmv9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will remove the faithless from it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
125	3:intro	a94e				0	Proverbs 03 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 3 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. Special concepts in this chapter My Son Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son. Wisdom is feminine You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
126	3:1	p6r4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	The writer speaks as a father teaching his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
127	3:1	f5cv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “commands” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “do not forget what I command you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
128	3:1	tk78		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	This phrase says in positive terms what the previous phrase says in negative terms. Here the word “heart” represents the mind. The word “teachings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “always remember what I teach you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
129	3:2	r3ia		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two phrases share similar meanings and refer to the duration of a person’s life. Alternate translation: “all your life” or “as long as you live” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
130	3:3	w5in		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of “covenant faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” as if they were people who could leave someone. The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” And, the negative command can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Always be trustworthy and be faithful to the covenant” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
131	3:3	xj6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “display them proudly like one would wear a necklace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
132	3:3	i4pt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the heart represents a person’s mind. The mind is spoken of as if it were a tablet upon which someone can write messages and commands. Alternate translation: “always remember them, as if you had written them permanently on a tablet” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
133	3:4	g3fy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in the judgment of God and man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
134	3:5	w345		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “heart” represents the inner person. Alternate translation: “your whole being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
135	3:5	m1v4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of relying on one’s own understanding as if “understanding” were an object on which a person can lean. Alternate translation: “do not rely on your own understanding” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
136	3:6	c7br		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if they were paths on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “in everything you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
137	3:6	m1v6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh making a person’s actions prosperous as if that person’s actions were paths on which he walks and which Yahweh makes free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “he will give you success” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
138	3:7	y6is		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a person’s opinion as if that person were seeing something with his eyes. Alternate translation: “Do not be wise in your own opinion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
139	3:7	au5s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “do not commit evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
140	3:8	du95		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The word “it” refers to the instructions that the writer gives in the previous verse. The full meaning of this can be made clear. The word “flesh” represents the whole body. Alternate translation: “If you do this, it will be healing for your body” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
141	3:9	thp2				0	“all the food you harvest”
142	3:10	z9am		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your storehouses will be full” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
143	3:10	y7db				0	buildings or rooms where food is stored
144	3:10	vtx6				0	your storage containers will be extremely full, as if ready to break open.
145	3:11	f4sx				0	The writer writes as a father teaching his son.
146	3:12	gpk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	“a son in whom he delights.” This refers to the father’s affection for the son, and not to the father’s approval of the son’s behavior. Alternate translation: “a son whom he loves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
147	3:13	d1nq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of “wisdom” as if it were an object that one finds. Alternate translation: “The one who attains wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
148	3:14	gy74				0	This refers to the profit that one can make from trading or investing silver.
149	3:15	y2yl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The author speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
150	3:15	vxz8				0	“more valuable”
151	3:16	p6g3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speak of the benefits that one gains from having wisdom as if wisdom were a woman who held these qualities in her hands and offered them to people. Alternate translation: “Wisdom gives a person length of days and riches and honor” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
152	3:16	k6ir		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom refers to the duration of person’s life and may imply a long life. Alternate translation: “long life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
153	3:17	mfb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of the benefits that wisdom gives a person as if wisdom were leading that person along a path. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will always treat you kindly and give you peace” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
154	3:18	le9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a tree that bears life-giving fruit and of a person who benefits from wisdom as if that person ate of the fruit. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is like a tree that sustains the life of those who eat of its fruit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
155	3:18	l7hn				0	“a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life”
156	3:18	ka8x				0	“those who hold on to its fruit”
157	3:19	c1nf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh creating the earth and the heavens as if he were laying the foundation of a building. Alternate translation: “Yahweh created the earth … made the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
158	3:20	ulw3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	In ancient thought, water existed under the earth. This phrase refers to Yahweh causing that water to come out of the earth and make the oceans and rivers exist. Alternate translation: “he caused the rivers to flow” or “he caused the oceans to exist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
159	3:20	b6d2				0	water that forms on the ground at night
160	3:21	xa9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of not forgetting something as if it were always being able to see it. Alternate translation: “do not forget them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
161	3:22	mr5l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “They will be life for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
162	3:22	x4q3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of “sound judgment” and “discernment” as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “a display of favor like one would adorn themselves with a necklace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
163	3:22	r2k8				0	Possible meanings are (1) “a favorable adornment” or (2) “an adornment that displays Yahweh’s favor.”
164	3:23	k64j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of living one’s life as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “you will live your life in safety” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
165	3:23	d5hd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The word “foot” represents the whole person. The writer speaks of doing wrong as if a person stumbled over an object in his path. Alternate translation: “you will not do things that are wrong” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
166	3:24	f69h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that a person lies down in order to sleep. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “when you lie down to sleep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
167	3:24	q2v4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of sleep that is peaceful and refreshing as if it tasted sweet to the person sleeping. The word “sleep” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “your sleep will be pleasant” or “you will sleep peacefully” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
168	3:25	ds94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the wicked cause devastation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
169	3:26	aw88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	“Yahweh will be by your side.” A person standing by another person’s side is an idiom that means that the one person will help and support the other. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will support and defend you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
170	3:26	z3ye		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a person experiencing harm from “terror” and “devastation” as if the person were caught in a trap. The word “foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “will protect you from those who want to harm you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
171	3:27	yl8a				0	“Do not withhold good things” or “Do not withhold good actions”
172	3:27	sqz5				0	“when you are able to help”
173	3:28	e1qg				0	“when you have the money with you now.” The meaning here is that the person has the money to help today, but tells his neighbor to come back tomorrow.
174	3:31	pae7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that he is not to choose to imitate the actions of the violent person. Alternate translation: “Do not … choose to imitate any of his ways” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
175	3:32	eu7k				0	“Yahweh detests the devious person”
176	3:32	n8ed				0	the person who is dishonest or deceitful
177	3:32	uy1e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Yahweh shares his thoughts with the those who do right as with a close, trusted friend. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is a close friend to the upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
178	3:33	h6ns		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s curse as if it were an object that he placed on top of the wicked person’s house. The word “house” is a metonym for family. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has cursed the family of the wicked person” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
179	3:33	q866		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “home” represents the family. Alternate translation: “he blesses the families of righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
180	3:34	kb65		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s favor as if it were an object that he gives to people. Alternate translation: “he shows his favor to humble people” or “he is gracious to humble people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
181	3:35	y7vz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of wise people obtaining a reputation of honor as if they inherited honor as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Wise people will obtain honor” or “Wise people will gain an honorable reputation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
182	3:35	b6jx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh making the shame of fools evident to everyone as if Yahweh were lifting fools up for everyone to see them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause everyone to see the shame of fools” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
183	4:intro	z4ah				0	Proverbs 04 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 4 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. Special concepts in this chapter My Son Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son. Wisdom is feminine You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
184	4:1	hqv1				0	The writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
185	4:1	zck6				0	“listen carefully”
186	4:1	s4lm				0	“you will know how to understand” or “you will gain understanding”
187	4:2	paf3				0	“What I am teaching you is good”
188	4:3	y999		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to the time when the writer was a child still living under his father’s care. Alternate translation: “When I was still a boy learning from my father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
189	4:3	n5ke		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys		0	Here the word “tender” refers to a young age at which the child is still weak. It forms a hendiadys with the word “only.” Alternate translation: “the tender only child” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
190	4:4	b7y3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind. The writer speaks of remembering words as if the heart were holding on tightly to them. Alternate translation: “Always remember what I am teaching you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
191	4:5	rat9				0	The father continues to teach his children what his father taught him.
192	4:5	ft42				0	“Work hard to gain for yourself wisdom” or “Get wisdom”
193	4:5	fb3y				0	“remember”
194	4:5	m3uv				0	“accept”
195	4:5	su5g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “mouth” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “what I am saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
196	4:6	zc73		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman who protects the person who is faithful to her. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
197	4:6	vrf5				0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “hold tightly to wisdom” or “be faithful to wisdom”
198	4:6	h75g				0	“love wisdom”
199	4:7	zu2p				0	The father finishes teaching his children what his father taught him.
200	4:7	guq5				0	“value understanding more than all you own”
201	4:8	pa2i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of wisdom giving great honor to a person as if wisdom lifted that person to a high position. Alternate translation: “If you cherish wisdom, she will give you great honor” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
202	4:8	x13z				0	to feel or show great love for someone or something
203	4:8	k4fl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of a person valuing wisdom as if the person placed his arms around her. Alternate translation: “if you love wisdom greatly, wisdom will cause people to honor you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
204	4:9	z38e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a wreath upon that person’s head. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will be like a wreath on your head that shows your great honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
205	4:9	beu8				0	a woven circle made of leaves or flowers
206	4:9	z184		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a crown upon that person’s head. Alternate translation: “wisdom will be like a beautiful crown on your head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
207	4:10	p1f4				0	“listen carefully to what I teach you”
208	4:10	l7bx				0	“you will live many years”
209	4:11	h1ql		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of teaching his son to live wisely as if he were leading his son along the paths where one may find wisdom. Alternate translation: “I am teaching you how to live wisely; I am explaining the right way to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
210	4:12	xxp4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	These two lines share similar meanings. The writer speaks of the decisions and actions that a person makes as if that person were walking or running along a path and of the person being successful as if the path were free of obstacles that might make the person stumble. Alternate translation: “When you plan something, you will succeed in doing it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
211	4:13	d7gk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a person remembering what he has learned as if “instruction” were an object that the person can hold tightly. Alternate translation: “Continue to obey what I have taught you and never forget it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
212	4:13	ljf9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The writer speaks of discipline preserving a person’s life as if it were that person’s life. Alternate translation: “for it will preserve your life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
213	4:14	gi8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if that person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “Do not do what wicked people do and do not join in the actions of people who do evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
214	4:15	cr8d				0	“Avoid the path of the wicked”
215	4:16	n1jz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
216	4:16	a2jq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	The writer speaks of people being unable to sleep as if sleep were an object that someone stole from them. They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. Alternate translation: “they are unable to sleep” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
217	4:16	bvp7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to stumble. Alternate translation: “until they harm someone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
218	4:17	vfi9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of these people constantly committing wickedness and violence as if they ate and drank them like one would drink bread and wine. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or (2) these people get their food and drink by committing wickedness and violence. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and drink wine that they obtain through violence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
219	4:18	w7hu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of righteous people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “the lifestyle of righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
220	4:18	etf9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer compares the path of righteous people to the sunrise, meaning that they are safe because they have light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “righteous people walk along their path safely because the morning sun shines on it and grows brighter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
221	4:18	i5k7				0	This refers to the dawn or sunrise.
222	4:18	jv88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This refers to the time of day at which the sun shines the brightest. Alternate translation: “until the sun shines most brightly” or “until full daylight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
223	4:19	bqj5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of wicked people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “The lifestyle of the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
224	4:19	mj9l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer compares the way of wicked people to darkness, meaning that they are always in danger because they have no light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “Wicked people walk dangerously along their path because they have no light to be able to see” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
225	4:19	m9yh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of experiencing harm as if it were stumbling over an object in the path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “they do not know why they experience harm and misfortune” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
226	4:20	w8jd				0	“listen carefully”
227	4:20	kji2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. The word “sayings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “listen attentively to the things that I am saying” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
228	4:21	zdv5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of always thinking about something as if it were keeping it where one can see it. Alternate translation: “Do not stop thinking about them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
229	4:21	a189		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of remembering something as if it were keeping it within one’s heart. Alternate translation: “always remember them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
230	4:22	jnu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The writer speaks of his words preserving a person’s life as if they were that person’s life. Alternate translation: “my words give life” or “the things I say give life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
231	4:22	lby5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of fully understanding his words as if the person searches for them and finds them. Alternate translation: “to those who understand and practice them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
232	4:22	d57y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The word “their” refers to “those who find them.” The subject for this phrase can be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “my words will give health to the whole body of those who find them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
233	4:23	pf19		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “heart” represents a person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “Keep your mind safe and guard your thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
234	4:23	klv3				0	with constant and earnest effort
235	4:23	n8vd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “it” refers to the heart, which is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person’s life as if it were a flowing spring that originates from the heart. Alternate translation: “from your thoughts comes everything you say and do” or “your thoughts determine your course of life” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
236	4:24	a2sw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of lying or deceitful speech as if it were crooked and of a person not using this kind of language as if it were removing it far away from oneself. Alternate translation: “Do not lie and do not speak deceitfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
237	4:25	il8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “eyes” represents the person who is looking. The writer speaks of a person being committed to doing the right thing as if that person were constantly looking forward without turning his head to look in another direction. Alternate translation: “Always look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
238	4:26	nt2z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “foot” represents the person who is walking. The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if he were walking along a path, and of planning those actions carefully as if it were making that path level. Alternate translation: “Make a level path to walk on” or “Prepare well what you want to do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
239	4:26	g2a2				0	“a smooth path” or “an even path”
240	4:26	xyn9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path and of those actions being successful as if the path were safe and secure. Alternate translation: “then everything that you do will be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
241	4:27	h89u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	The directions “right” and “left” form a merism, meaning that the person is not to leave the level path in any direction. Alternate translation: “Walk straight ahead and do not leave the level path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
242	4:27	j3tn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “foot” represents the person who walks. The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if the person were walking away from evil. Alternate translation: “turn away from evil” or “stay away from evil” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
243	5:intro	jxf1				0	Proverbs 05 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 5 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. Special concepts in this chapter My Son Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son. Adulteress This chapter is unusual because it holds a theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
244	5:1	vi27				0	The writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
245	5:1	nl9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “ears” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ears are closer to the one speaking. See how you translated this in Proverbs 4:20. Alternate translation: “listen attentively” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
246	5:2	cei4				0	Discretion is the quality of being careful with regard to one’s actions and speech. See how you translated this in Proverbs 1:4.
247	5:2	la7f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. The writer speaks of a person being careful only to say what is true as if the person’s lips were protecting knowledge. Alternate translation: “you will speak only what is true” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
248	5:3	zxr9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Possible meanings are (1) the word “lips” represents the words of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the attractiveness of her words as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the words of an adulteress are sweet, as if dripping with honey” or (2) the writer speaks of the allure of kissing the adulteress as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the kisses of an adulteress are sweet, as if her lips dripped with honey” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
249	5:3	z9rm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Possible meanings are (1) the word “mouth” represents the speech of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the persuasiveness of her speech as if her mouth were smoother than olive oil. Alternate translation: “her speech is persuasive and smoother than olive oil” or (2) the writer speaks of the pleasure of kissing the adulteress as if her mouth were smoother than oil. Alternate translation: “her kisses are smoother than olive oil” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
250	5:4	pd3g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the harm that comes from having a relationship with an adulteress as if she tasted as bitter as wormwood. Alternate translation: “but in the end, she is like bitter-tasting wormwood and will cause you harm” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
251	5:4	m3sn				0	a plant that tastes bitter
252	5:4	jy84		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the pain that the adulteress will cause to the one who has a relationship with her as if she were a sharp weapon that cuts the person. Alternate translation: “she wounds a person, as if she were a sharp sword” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
253	5:5	kc88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “her feet” represent the adulteress as she walks. The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “She is walking along a path that leads to death” or “Her lifestyle leads to death” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
254	5:5	g7qf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “she walks all the way to Sheol” or “her conduct takes her all the way to Sheol” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
255	5:6	nxc1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of behavior that gives a person long life as if it were a path that leads to life. Alternate translation: “She does not think about walking along the path that leads to life” or “She is not concerned about conduct that leads to life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
256	5:6	iki3				0	Possible meanings are (1) “She wanders about as if she were lost” or (2) “She walks along the wrong path.”
257	5:7	dwp8				0	Here the teacher shifts from warning about the adulteress to giving advice.
258	5:7	ry9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases express the same idea to make the student pay attention. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
259	5:7	e4q8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of stopping an action as if the person physically turned away from it. Alternate translation: “do not stop listening” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
260	5:7	ih1h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “mouth” represents the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “my words” or “what I am saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
261	5:8	y32e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “path” represents the person’s daily conduct and circumstances. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself far away from her” or “Stay away from her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
262	5:8	jw5h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “the door of her house” represents the house itself. It may be more appropriate to use the word “go” instead of “come” since the latter might imply that the speaker is at the door of her house. Alternate translation: “do not go near the door of her house” or “do not even go near her house” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
263	5:9	pl7u				0	“If you do this.” This phrase refers to what he has just said in previous verses.
264	5:9	b54w				0	Possible meanings for the word “honor” are (1) it refers to one’s reputation. Alternate translation: “You will not lose your good reputation among other people” or (2) it refers to one’s wealth and possessions. Alternate translation: “You will not give away your wealth to other people” or (3) it refers to strength and represents the prime years of one’s life. Alternate translation: “You will not give away the best times of your life to other people”
265	5:9	bc5b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The writer speaks of a person dying prematurely, possibly by murder, as if the years of his life were items that he gives away to another person. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “or give years of your life to a cruel person” or “or cause a cruel person to kill you while you are still young” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
266	5:9	yb9a				0	This may refer to the husband of the adulteress, who will deal cruelly with the person who sleeps with her.
267	5:10	d9br		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of people taking and enjoying another person’s wealth as if they were feasting on the wealth. Alternate translation: “strangers will not take all of your wealth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
268	5:10	ksf3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “house” represents the person’s family. Alternate translation: “the things that you have obtained will not end up belonging to the families of strangers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
269	5:11	la5h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The words “flesh” and “body” mean basically the same thing and represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “your body wastes away” or “you waste away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
270	5:11	i4yh				0	“physically wear down” or “become weak and unhealthy”
271	5:12	x4di		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases express the same idea and emphasize how much this person disliked what the teacher had said. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
272	5:12	m4gr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations		0	The word “How” is an exclamation that emphasizes the strength of his hatred. The word “instruction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I hated it so much when someone would instruct me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
273	5:12	b7lf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “heart” represents the person and his emotions. The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I despised people when they corrected me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
274	5:13	kvf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated a similar phrase in Proverbs 4:20. Alternate translation: “listen to those who instructed me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
275	5:14	he4c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the person’s community that has gathered together either (1) to worship God or (2) to judge him for his offense. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
276	5:15	f76j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The writer speaks of a man sleeping only with his wife as if he drank water only from his own cistern or well. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
277	5:15	t8av		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of fresh or flowing water as if the water were running. Alternate translation: “fresh water” or “flowing water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
278	5:16	pe1s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that his son should not do these things. Alternate translation: “Your springs should not … your streams of water should not flow in the public squares.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
279	5:16	u3ua		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	Here the words “springs” and “streams of water” are likely euphemisms for male reproductive fluids. Possible meanings for these metaphorical phrases are (1) sleeping with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets or (2) having children with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
280	5:16	ss2w				0	Open areas in a city or town where two or more streets meet. A common place for people to meet each other and talk.
281	5:17	f7ge				0	The word “them” refers to the “springs” and “streams of water” and what they stand for.
282	5:17	s9wf				0	“do not share them with strangers”
283	5:18	xd81		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the son’s wife as if she were a fountain. Here the word “blessed” refers to the sense of joy that the man has in his wife. Alternate translation: “May you always find joy with your wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
284	5:18	tz7f				0	Possible meanings are (1) “the wife whom you married when you were young” or (2) “your young wife.”
285	5:19	n93j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the son’s wife as if she were “a loving deer and a graceful doe.” Here “deer” and “doe” mean a female deer. They were symbols of beauty both in their appearance and in their movements. Alternate translation: “she is as beautiful and graceful as a deer or a doe” or “she is as beautiful and graceful as a female deer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
286	5:19	dv45				0	This word does not mean “full of grace,” but “beautiful while moving.”
287	5:19	x1vq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Possible meanings are (1) the wife’s breasts excite the husband’s sexual desire and possibly represent the wife’s entire body. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts satisfy your desires” or “Let her body satisfy your desires” or (2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wife’s breasts satisfying the husband’s desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
288	5:19	pb8m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	Intense excitement and joy from the romantic love of one’s wife is spoken of as if he was drunk from that love. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let her love control you as alcohol controls someone who is drunk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
289	5:19	elf2				0	Possible meanings are (1) “by your love for her” or (2) “by her love for you.”
290	5:20	d78f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that his son must not do these things. Alternate translation: “My son, do not be captivated by an adulteress! Do not embrace the breasts of an immoral woman!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
291	5:20	z71k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	Intense excitement that arises from the desire for a woman is spoken of as if he were being held captive by that woman. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow an adulteress to captivate you” or “allow an adulteress to fascinate you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
292	5:20	zr1u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “breasts” represents the immoral woman and her sexual attractiveness. Alternate translation: “why should you embrace an immoral woman” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
293	5:20	x9gw				0	Possible meanings are (1) “a woman who is not your wife” or (2) “a woman who is another man’s wife.”
294	5:21	jh86		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God knows everything that everyone does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
295	5:21	p1ar		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a person’s actions or lifestyle as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “everywhere he goes” or “everything he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
296	5:22	u9ya		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities as if those iniquities were people who capture the wicked person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A wicked person’s own iniquities will seize him” or “A wicked person will be unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
297	5:22	he5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his sin as if that sin were a trap made of cords in which the person is caught. Alternate translation: “because of his sin, he will be like an animal caught in a trap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
298	5:23	x16k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his great foolishness leads him astray” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
299	5:23	n1a7				0	“because he is very foolish”
300	6:intro	xq95				0	Proverbs 06 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 6 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. Special concepts in this chapter My Son Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son. Adulteress The latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]]) Numbers Occasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list. Important figures of speech in this chapter Rhetorical questions The author will use rhetorical questions to draw the reader’s attention to important points. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Animals used as types The gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
301	6:1	sb1b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Implied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up your money. Alternate translation: “had to save up some of your money” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
302	6:1	z256				0	Possible meanings are (1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or (2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot.
303	6:1	p3wd				0	This same Hebrew word can also mean “friend.”
304	6:2	p9iu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is a figure of speech saying that you are going to trap yourself. Alternate translation: “you have made a trap in which you yourself are caught” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
305	6:2	qta7				0	“what you said” or “what you promised to do”
306	6:3	d6yp				0	“protect yourself” or “help yourself out of these problems”
307	6:3	zn5u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is a figure of speech using the term “hand” to mean “harm.” Alternate translation: “your neighbor can bring harm to you if he wants to” or “your neighbor has power over you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
308	6:3	mzx9				0	“friend”
309	6:4	be5i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	“Do not let your eyes sleep; do not let your eyelids slumber.” These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how important it is not to be lazy. It is also stated negatively for even more emphasis. Alternate translation: “Stay awake, and do what you can” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
310	6:4	n831		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This is a figure of speech using parts of your face to mean your whole body. Alternate translation: “yourself … yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
311	6:5	xjb3				0	“Escape from your neighbor like a gazelle that flees from a hunter”
312	6:5	lcv3				0	This is a big, lean animal that eats grass and that people often hunt for meat. It is famous for running away quickly.
313	6:5	ffv9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The hand of the hunter refers to the hunter’s control. Alternate translation: “from the control of the hunter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
314	6:5	fn1g				0	“and escape like a bird that flies away from a bird-hunter”
315	6:6	il7a				0	“Study … think about” or “carefully observe … ponder”
316	6:6	xh1r				0	An ant is a small insect that lives underground or in a self-built hill. They usually live in groups of thousands, and they can lift things that are much bigger than they are.
317	6:6	uze2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This is a figure of speech using the “ways” of an ant to refer to the behavior of the ant. Alternate translation: “consider how the ant behaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
318	6:7	tmb7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These three words mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasized that no one has formal authority over an individual ant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
319	6:8	w9jc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated to show how responsible the ant is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
320	6:8	c8we				0	Summer is the time of the year when some trees bear their fruit.
321	6:9	r6u4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	The teacher uses these questions to scold the lazy person for sleeping too much. Alternate translation: “Wake up, you lazy person! Get out of your bed!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
322	6:10	q6ab				0	These are the kinds of things that lazy people say.
323	6:10	f9h7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both of these statements mean the same thing. They can be stated as complete sentences. Alternate translation: “I will just sleep a little longer. Let me sleep lightly a little longer” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
324	6:10	c54p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	People often fold their hands while reclining in order to rest more comfortably. Alternate translation: “I will just cross my arms comfortably and rest a little” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
325	6:11	qm7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This can be stated as a new sentence to make clear that this is a result of being lazy. Alternate translation: “If you continue to be lazy, your poverty will come” or “While you sleep, poverty will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
326	6:11	zz4v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The sudden way a lazy person becomes poor is like the sudden way a robber comes and steals things. Alternate translation: “you will suddenly become poor, just as if a robber came and stole everything you have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
327	6:11	r7za		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The sudden way a lazy person becomes in need of things is like the sudden way an armed soldier takes things from a person. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “and your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” or “and you will become needy just as if an armed soldier stole all your things” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
328	6:11	vt3g				0	“a soldier who is holding a weapon” or “a man with a weapon”
329	6:12	sk3y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two words have the same meaning and emphasize how bad this person is. Alternate translation: “A person with no value—an evil man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
330	6:12	q9ly		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here lies are spoken of as speech that is crooked. Alternate translation: “constantly tells lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
331	6:13	b2zu				0	All three of these phrases describe a way in which the evil person communicates secretly to deceive other people.
332	6:13	kq86				0	If someone winks, he closes one eye very briefly as a secret signal to another person. This might be a sign of trust, of approval, or of something else.
333	6:14	za5w				0	“He plans evil” or “He prepares to do evil deeds”
334	6:14	bbx6				0	“he always causes discord” or “he is constantly looking for conflict and escalating it”
335	6:15	n8uw				0	“For that reason”
336	6:15	fz64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This implies that the disaster is chasing him like a person or an animal, and that it will catch him soon. Alternate translation: “his disaster will catch him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
337	6:15	j5gd				0	This refers to the disaster that will happen to him, but also the disaster that he himself caused.
338	6:15	h6bm				0	Both mean the same thing, and one or both of them can be replaced by “suddenly” or “very quickly.”
339	6:16	it1e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	This whole verse is a parallelism that emphasizes that God hates several things and not just one. Alternate translation: “six things that Yahwah hates; seven things that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
340	6:16	akh6				0	“that make him feel disgust” or “that make you disgusting according to him”
341	6:17	zib9				0	This is the list of things that Yahweh hates that was introduced in Proverbs 6:16.
342	6:17	kpi4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with “people.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
343	6:17	cip3				0	“kill” or “murder”
344	6:18	jq4t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with “people.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
345	6:18	ex5v				0	“evil plans”
346	6:19	g2tz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
347	6:19	r9n1				0	See how you translated this in Proverbs 6:14.
348	6:19	avm1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This figure of speech is using “sows” to refer to causing or bringing about discord. Alternate translation: “a person who causes discord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
349	6:20	e5gm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases on the one hand mean the same thing. On the other hand, the repeated emphasis on both “father” and “mother” explicitly includes women in the whole teaching-learning process. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
350	6:20	u11d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This figure of speech is using the negative “forsake” to mean the positive “obey.” Alternate translation: “obey the teaching of your mother” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
351	6:21	qz2z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. They describe the commands and instructions as if they are written down so that you can put it in or on your body to remind yourself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
352	6:21	b76k				0	“love them” or “think about them”
353	6:22	r61q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These three phrases are used together to emphasize that the lessons are valuable all the time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
354	6:22	hw2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	The repetition of these phrases is to show that the lessons are valuable for all sorts of things. It also speaks of those lessons as if they were people. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
355	6:23	u5p1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These three phrases mean basically the same thing, and together they show the various types of lessons a father and a mother teach. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
356	6:23	s8lq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	All three of these mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the fact that the lessons make life better and easier. Alternate translation: “as useful as a lamp … as helpful as light in the darkness … as necessary to follow as the way of life” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
357	6:23	n5j2				0	“the way that leads to life” or “the way of living that God approves of”
358	6:24	p7az		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	Here the word “it” refers to the lessons taught by the father and mother in Proverbs 6:20. Alternate translation: “It saves you from” or “It protects you from” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
359	6:24	sjp3				0	These two words mean basically the same thing. See how you translated the word “adulteress” in Proverbs 5:3.
360	6:24	sw14				0	“morally evil”
361	6:25	ty32		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the woman’s eyelashes as if they were a trap into which the young man could fall. They are a synecdoche for her beauty and a metonym for the way the woman looks at the young man to make her want her. Alternate translation: “do not allow her to gain control over you by being beautiful and by the way she looks at you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
362	6:25	rx3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “heart” represents the mind. Alternate translation: “in your thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
363	6:25	m7d2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“what is beautiful about her.” This can also be a metonym for the woman. Alternate translation: “her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
364	6:25	f4km				0	“gain control over you”
365	6:25	vnr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The “eyelashes” stand for the beautiful things about her body that she uses to catch a man’s attention. Alternate translation: “her beautiful eyes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
366	6:26	p3jv				0	This is talking about the material cost, not the spiritual cost or the moral cost. Alternate translation: “a little bit”
367	6:26	k5fu				0	Possible meanings are (1) the wife of another man will destroy your life because she always wants more or (2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you.
368	6:27	gzh2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This action would be very dangerous and would cause harm. The implied answer to the question is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who carries a fire in his chest will burn his clothes.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
369	6:27	sew8				0	“without destroying” or “and not destroy”
370	6:27	pt18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	His clothes stand for him as a whole person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
371	6:28	r98z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	Walking on hot coals will scorch a person’s feet, so the implied answer is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who walks on hot coals will have scorched feet.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
372	6:28	tw8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This stands for committing adultery. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
373	6:28	fy6m				0	That is to slowly walk a long distance, without using tricks or magic.
374	6:28	kf2l				0	“burning”
375	6:29	gh7k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “the man who has sexual relations with his neighbor’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
376	6:30	fwq5				0	“do not regard a thief with contempt” or “do not think a thief is evil”
377	6:31	n1t7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone catches him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
378	6:31	b9ns		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This figure of speech is saying that everything in his house is all that he owns. Alternate translation: “that he owns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
379	6:32	s8mh				0	“The person” or “The man”
380	6:33	m2lu				0	“the appropriate punishment for what he has done”
381	6:33	t99k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This figure of speech is using the term “disgrace” to refer to the feeling of him acting shamefully. Alternate translation: “the memory of his shameful act” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
382	6:33	c8nh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This figure of speech is using the negative “will not be wiped away” to refer to it always being there. Alternate translation: “will always remain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
383	6:34	lyk4				0	very angry
384	6:34	qsy2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	The “he” is the neighbor whose wife has committed adultery with another man. Alternate translation: “he will not limit the pain he will cause you” or “he will hurt you as much as he can” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
385	6:34	rc71				0	“in the moment of his revenge” or “when the moment arrives when he can take his revenge”
386	6:34	tk3n				0	If a person takes revenge, it is to cause hurt to the person who hurt him first.
387	6:35	b2ym				0	payment by one who does wrong to the person to whom he has done wrong
388	6:35	fly2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you cannot pay him enough money to change his mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
389	6:35	pc8x				0	“off. This will be true even if”
390	7:intro	pk5f				0	Proverbs 07 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 7 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. Special concepts in this chapter Parallelism Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) Many of the proverbs are stated as promises or commands, but they are intended to be advice. My Son Occasionally the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males, but is still given in the context of a father warning his son. Adulteress This chapter continues the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her.
391	7:1	at6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
392	7:1	k635		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here God’s commands are spoken of as if they were objects that someone could put into a storeroom. Alternate translation: “memorize my commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
393	7:2	a8m4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my instructions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
394	7:2	xfb2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The apple of the eye is the pupil inside the eye, which people normally instinctively protect when an object flies at their face. Here “the apple of the eye” represents whatever a person values and protects the most. Alternate translation: “as your most valuable possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
395	7:3	g5jv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) that the writer wanted his son to engrave certain commands from God on a ring and wear it, or (2) that the writer wanted his son to always remember God’s commands, as if he always wore a certain ring. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
396	7:3	c4yy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the heart represents a person’s mind, and remembering something well is spoken of as if the person were writing it on a stone tablet. See how you translated this in Proverbs 3:3. Alternate translation: “remember my commands well as if you were writing them in stone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
397	7:4	jn44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “Value wisdom as you would love your sister” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
398	7:4	z4x8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here the quality of understanding is spoken of as if it were a kinsman or relative. Alternate translation: “treat understanding as you would treat your kinsman” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
399	7:4	j17k				0	“relative” or “family member”
400	7:5	xkl2				0	This refers to any woman to whom a man is not married. Alternate translation: “the woman whom you should have nothing to do with”
401	7:5	y9gh				0	This refers to any woman who is not known to a man.
402	7:5	s251				0	Words intended to deceive are spoken of as if they were smooth objects. Alternate translation: “who says pleasant things, but wants to deceive you”
403	7:6	v7n1				0	a covering over a window made of thin strips of wood that cross one another in a slanted pattern that forms square-shaped openings in the pattern
404	7:7	ie51				0	inexperienced or immature
405	7:8	i1kl				0	Here “her” refers to any female stranger, as referred to in Proverbs 7:5. She was standing at a certain corner, waiting for a suitable man to pass by. Alternate translation: “the corner where a female stranger was standing”
406	7:8	v7v4				0	This refers to where two roads meet.
407	7:9	zn5n				0	the time of day when it is getting darker and about to become night
408	7:10	bu68		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “heart” represents intentions or plans. Alternate translation: “she planned to deceive someone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
409	7:11	vkd8				0	“She talked loudly and acted in the ways she wished to”
410	7:11	es4s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The phrase “her feet” represent the woman. Alternate translation: “she did not stay at home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
411	7:12	h64f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the woman is spoken of as if she were preparing to physically trap a person or an animal. Also, the idea of trapping someone here represents persuading someone to commit sin. Alternate translation: “she waited to trap someone” or “she waited to find someone she could persuade to sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
412	7:13	l1ic				0	the woman who was introduced in Proverbs 7:10
413	7:13	sa2m				0	“took hold of him firmly”
414	7:13	vef7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “strong” represents “stubborn.” A “strong face” means a stubborn expression on a person’s face. This implies that the woman is acting in a stubborn way, that she is deliberately doing what she knows is wrong. Alternate translation: “with a shameless expression on her face” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
415	7:14	ei2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “vows” represents what the person promised to sacrifice to God. Alternate translation: “I made the sacrifices I promised to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
416	7:15	fys2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “face” represents the person and especially the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “look for you” or “find out where you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
417	7:17	g7k4				0	“scattered on my bed”
418	7:17	ibk7				0	A type of wood from a tree that smells good.
419	7:17	q1mx				0	This is a spice made from the bark of a tree that smells and tastes good.
420	7:18	h91x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the pleasures of romantic love are spoken of as if they were something good to drink. Alternate translation: “let us make love to each other as much as we want” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
421	7:19	vc42				0	“is not at home”
422	7:20	zw96				0	The moon is said to be full when it is a perfectly round disk, shining at its brightest.
423	7:21	ptg3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	To persuade someone to act in a certain way is spoken of as if it were changing the direction that person was walking. Alternate translation: “she persuaded him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
424	7:21	ev91				0	The female is the married woman who wants to sleep with “him,” the young man.
425	7:21	l3nt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “lips” represents what a person says. When a person flatters someone else by saying things that are not sincere, these words are spoken of as if they were a smooth object. Alternate translation: “flattering, deceiving words” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
426	7:21	c6k6				0	“she persuaded him to do something evil” Alternate translation: “she convinced him to sin with her”
427	7:22	rvi9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This seems to imply that the young man took very little time to think about what he should do. Alternate translation: “He quickly decided to go after her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
428	7:22	tal5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way two animals are unaware of the danger they are in. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
429	7:22	pk4m				0	This refers to killing an animal in order to eat its meat.
430	7:22	qrn6				0	See how you translated this word in Proverbs 5:19.
431	7:23	r6zr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way an animal is unaware of the danger he is in. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
432	7:23	t5u4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This passage implies that a hunter has trapped the deer in order to shoot it with arrows. Alternate translation: “until a hunter shoots it in its most important part” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
433	7:23	i4e6				0	Here this organ represents a very important part of the deer’s body.
434	7:23	zvp5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is a way of saying that this person will die as a result. Alternate translation: “it would kill him” or “he would die soon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
435	7:24	wen3				0	This is to focus the attention of the speaker’s sons on the conclusion of this lesson.
436	7:25	gk8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “ways” means the paths that a person chooses to walk on. It represents the person’s behavior, the things that he decides to do in life. Alternate translation: “Make your heart stay far away from the ways of the adulterous woman” or “Do not let your heart want to do the things that the adulterous woman does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
437	7:25	wm1h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “heart” represents a person, emphasizing his desires. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
438	7:25	l3s9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	This means the same as the sentence before it. It strengthens the first warning. Alternate translation: “do not leave the right path in order to go on her paths” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
439	7:26	xx9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Being pierced by spears or arrows represents being killed. Alternate translation: “She has caused many people to fall dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
440	7:27	g21s				0	Here “paths” represents the kinds of behavior that foolish people participate in. Sheol was the name for the world of the dead.
441	7:27	ry42		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that the woman’s victims will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
442	7:27	prr1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This expression pictures the dead as sleeping in many different rooms in Sheol. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
443	8:intro	z8jj				0	Proverbs 08 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 8 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. These chapters operate more as a unit then many of the following chapters in this book. Special concepts in this chapter Wisdom calls out The addressee of this chapter is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5-7. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
444	8:1	qsc7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	In chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. Many verses in chapter 8 have parallelisms. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
445	8:1	v9h5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question is used to remind the readers of something they should already know. Alternate translation: “Wisdom calls out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
446	8:1	i9hu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here wisdom is imagined as a woman. If a language does not allow this kind of metaphor, other possible translations are: (1) “Is not wisdom like a woman who calls out?” (2) “Does not a woman named Wisdom call out?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
447	8:1	pt6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	Here “Understanding” means the same as “Wisdom.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
448	8:1	k4ug				0	“speak”
449	8:3	z73y				0	In ancient times, cities usually had outer walls with gates in them.
450	8:3	nkc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This continues to refer to Wisdom, personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
451	8:4	gv2w				0	Wisdom speaks to the people in verses 4-36.
452	8:4	jxm5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “voice” represents the words that are spoken. Alternate translation: “my words are for the sons of mankind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
453	8:4	j5l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This is metonymy representing all human beings. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
454	8:5	er9q				0	inexperienced or immature
455	8:5	t3h2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract word “wisdom’ refers to what a wise person believes and to the way in which he acts. Alternate translation: “learn how a wise person acts” or “learn what it means to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
456	8:5	bg5r				0	“you must begin to understand things with your mind”
457	8:6	uv73		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “lips” represents a person’s mouth, with which he speaks. Alternate translation: “when I open my mouth to speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
458	8:6	a3zk				0	proper or just
459	8:7	s9bj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “mouth” represents a person who speaks. Alternate translation: “I speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
460	8:7	f6mp				0	“what people should believe”
461	8:7	juy2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “lips” represents a person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “wickedness is disgusting to me” or “saying wicked things would be disgusting to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
462	8:7	hz9e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	Here the abstract noun “wickedness” represents wicked speech. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
463	8:8	am3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The “mouth” stands for the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “The things I teach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
464	8:8	btx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Twisting a message is a metaphor for changing a true message into a false one. Alternate translation: “nothing false” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
465	8:9	nn5r				0	honest and clear
466	8:9	jyh4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This probably means that those who find knowledge will easily understand that the speaker’s words are upright. Here “words” represent a message or teaching. Alternate translation: “those who know what is right and what is wrong consider what I teach to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
467	8:9	f1c2				0	true and honest
468	8:10	w8ks				0	“You should try much harder to understand my instructions than to get silver”
469	8:11	wl6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations		0	Here Wisdom, personified as a woman, is not speaking. However, it is possible to make Wisdom the speaker here as well. Alternate translation: “For I, Wisdom, am better than jewels; no treasure is equal to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
470	8:12	mj24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Prudence is also represented here as a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
471	8:12	b8xj				0	caution or good judgment
472	8:12	jk94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract ideas “knowledge” and “discrete” can be expressed in other ways. Alternate translation: “I am knowledgeable and discreet” or “I know many things, and I am careful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
473	8:12	xcu8				0	being careful about what we say and do; being cautious not to cause hurt or harm to others
474	8:13	rf21				0	“wicked talk”
475	8:13	gp8g				0	turned from what is right
476	8:14	cnc2				0	“wise suggestions”
477	8:14	guc9				0	counsel that is given to help someone
478	8:14	sne9				0	good, reliable
479	8:14	w3ju		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here Wisdom is spoken of as if she were insight. Alternate translation: “I have insight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
480	8:16	hg7e				0	noblemen, leading members of important families in the nation
481	8:17	xz9h				0	This refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives.
482	8:17	e3jr				0	with careful and continued effort
483	8:18	k7hf				0	“I have riches and honor”
484	8:18	a275		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases		0	This explains what is meant by “riches and honor.” This can be made clear with the connecting statement “therefore.” Alternate translation: “therefore, I will give lasting wealth and righteousness to those who find me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
485	8:18	q481				0	“the ability to live in a right way”
486	8:19	eyc2				0	what wisdom produces or causes
487	8:19	rqy3				0	the benefit or gain that wisdom causes
488	8:20	tks1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Living the right way is spoken of as walking on the right road. Alternate translation: “I live right” or “I do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
489	8:20	rg74		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This tells more of what is meant by “the path of righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I do what is perfectly just” or “I only do what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
490	8:21	mg4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	storehouses for valuable things. Wisdom is spoken of as a woman who fills the storehouses of her followers with valuable things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
491	8:22	xu3p				0	“I was the first of the things he created then”
492	8:23	mh2d				0	“Very long ago”
493	8:23	v4tq				0	The word “age” refers to a general, extended period of time.
494	8:23	mth7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The idea of beginnings can be translated in a less abstract way. Alternate translation: “from when God created the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
495	8:24	ii7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
496	8:25	u2m1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	“Before the bases of the mountains were put into place.” This can also be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Before God made the foundations of the mountains and put them into their proper places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
497	8:26	z5y4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
498	8:26	asn5				0	“I was alive”
499	8:27	nk15		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
500	8:27	z8lx				0	To establish something is to bring into being on a stable basis. Alternate translation: “created” or “made”
501	8:27	b5db		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to setting a limit to how far someone in a ship at sea can see all around himself. Alternate translation: “when he marked on the ocean’s surface how far a person at sea can see in every direction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
502	8:27	ae6e				0	“the ocean”
503	8:28	q6zz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
504	8:28	wnj8				0	brought into permanent being
505	8:28	z2v2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God fixed the springs in the deep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
506	8:28	zv8f				0	The ancient Hebrews thought that the ocean got its water from springs at the bottom of the sea.
507	8:29	pd76				0	“when he created the shorelines for the oceans. The “limit for the sea” divided the oceans from the dry land.
508	8:29	vk7f				0	The Hebrew word for “earth” also often means “land.”
509	8:29	f3j9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God set the limit for the foundations of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
510	8:30	ph2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This is still wisdom speaking. Wisdom now says she was right next to Yahweh, implying that she was his assistant in creating the world. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
511	8:30	ky7x				0	This is a person who has trained for years to make useful things very well, like furniture or houses.
512	8:30	k4ct		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	“I was what made him happy.” The word “delight” is an abstract noun that can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he was happy because of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
513	8:30	a22n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is a way to express the idea of a habitual action or of a continuous condition. Alternate translation: “continually” or “the whole time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
514	8:31	pw91				0	“the whole world he created” or “everything he created”
515	8:31	wnq9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This refers to human beings in general. Alternate translation: “the people he brought into existence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
516	8:32	ly1a				0	This is to focus the attention of the children to the conclusion of this lesson.
517	8:32	hwt3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
518	8:32	m6ib		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “my ways” represents wisdom’s behavior. Alternate translation: “those who do what I teach” or “the people who follow my example” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
519	8:33	ky6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	“do not disregard” Alternate translation: “be sure to pay attention to” or “be sure to follow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
520	8:34	i55j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of “watching” are (1) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s home in the morning in order to serve her, or (2) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s house for her to come and teach him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
521	8:35	z6lm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
522	8:36	hfn9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
523	8:36	yl6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The complete thought is, “he who fails to find me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
524	8:36	w73k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “life” represents the person’s self. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
525	9:intro	y75r				0	Proverbs 09 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 9 concludes a collection of proverbs that operate as a unit about wisdom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapter Wisdom calls out The addressee of chapters 8 and 9 is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her.
526	9:1	m12a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	These verses begin a parable in which wisdom is imagined to be a woman who is giving good advice to people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
527	9:1	s64d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks about wisdom as if it were a woman who has built her own house. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
528	9:2	x5sw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to animals whose meat will be eaten in the dinner that Wisdom will give. Alternate translation: “She has killed the animals for meat at dinner” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
529	9:2	ywr6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
530	9:2	h2zm				0	“she has prepared her table”
531	9:3	p6e2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	These verses begin to give the message of Wisdom, who is personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
532	9:3	akl3				0	These maids went out and invited people to come to the feast that Wisdom had prepared.
533	9:3	ugn5				0	Young women or girls who are in the service of a respectable, adult woman, such as Wisdom.
534	9:3	n6ha				0	“she proclaims” or “she summons” Alternate translation: “she loudly recites her invitation”
535	9:3	x798				0	The invitation is shouted from the highest points so that it will be best heard by all the people.
536	9:4	h6sj				0	These two phrases describe the same group of people, those who need more wisdom in their lives. Here the question is addressed to all such people. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is naive, let … anyone lacking good sense”
537	9:4	dj7m				0	“is inexperienced or immature”
538	9:4	s4da				0	“leave his path and come into my house”
539	9:5	h6ck				0	These verses continue the message of Wisdom.
540	9:5	n3eu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you		0	All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
541	9:5	stm9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
542	9:6	b9ma		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you		0	All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
543	9:6	ejw3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here naive actions are spoken of as if they were a place that a person could leave. Alternate translation: “Stop your naive behavior” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
544	9:6	f53k				0	“inexperienced, immature actions”
545	9:6	lpn8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the process of understanding wisdom is spoken of as if it were a path that a person could follow. Alternate translation: “the manner of living that a wise person has” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
546	9:7	x5sc				0	These verses continue the message of Wisdom.
547	9:7	vif7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
548	9:7	kjm2				0	Someone who habitually mocks people. Alternate translation: “someone who says insulting things about other people” or “someone who likes to make other people look bad”
549	9:7	m22a				0	“receives harsh treatment”
550	9:7	g88g				0	“whoever corrects”
551	9:8	fpc4				0	“Do not correct”
552	9:9	c8r2				0	These two commands actually represent conditional statements. Alternate translation: “If you give to a wise person, he … if you teach a righteous person, he”
553	9:9	y95j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
554	9:9	n1f2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to giving instruction to a wise person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
555	9:10	s7rg				0	These verses finish the message of Wisdom.
556	9:10	l6yl				0	See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 1:7.
557	9:11	uv8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “I will multiply your days” or “I will cause you to live many more days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
558	9:11	wpx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Wisdom, personified as a woman, continues to speak here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
559	9:11	rk9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are used to emphasize the great benefits wisdom has. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
560	9:11	u5qf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Wisdom speaks of years of life as if they were physical objects. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will add years of life to you” or “I will add years to your life” or “I will enable you to live longer” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
561	9:12	z3ez				0	These two statements seem to mean that wise people gain advantages for themselves because of their wisdom, and mockers suffer because of their behavior.
562	9:12	zei6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of the consequence of one’s bad behavior as if it were a heavy load that one had to carry on his back. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
563	9:13	q38d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	These verses begin to describe foolishness, which is also personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
564	9:13	ix9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	It is possible to translate “foolishness” as a description such as “A foolish woman.” However, if a language allows wisdom to be personified, as in the previous part of this chapter, it may also allow foolishness to be personified. Alternate translation: “The woman Foolishness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
565	9:13	lbv9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two expressions basically mean the same thing, which is repeated to show how useless the foolish woman is. Alternate translation: “she does not know anything at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
566	9:13	tk38				0	“she has not learned from experience” or “she is young and naive”
567	9:15	cqd1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This seems to be an idiom for “thinking only of their own affairs” or “minding their own business.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
568	9:16	ck1n				0	“is inexperienced or immature”
569	9:16	rs92				0	“leave his path and come here”
570	9:16	zyq4				0	This is the foolish woman who was introduced in Proverbs 9:13.
571	9:16	lfx9				0	“those who do not have wisdom” or “those who are not wise”
572	9:17	jsi6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The foolish woman speaks of the pleasure of stolen waters and bread of secrecy to tell men that if they sleep with her, they will have pleasure. This can be stated clearly in a simile: “You can enjoy me just as you enjoy water that you have stolen or bread that is secret” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
573	9:18	kg4h				0	“that the men who have gone to her are now dead”
574	9:18	k1fh				0	“Sheol” refers to the world of the dead.
575	10:intro	fhy5				0	Proverbs 10 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
576	10:1	i2yb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Many verses in Chapter 10 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
577	10:1	tab7				0	After the introduction of Chapters 1-9, Chapter 10 begins the collection of the proverbs; short sayings that teach wisdom.
578	10:2	ffz8				0	acquired over time
579	10:3	df3m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “soul” refers to the person. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes sure those who do what is right have food to eat” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
580	10:4	e3ef		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “A person unwilling to work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
581	10:4	yly7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “person who works hard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
582	10:6	k7j2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The “head” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “are given to” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
583	10:6	y4mb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “words the wicked speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
584	10:6	k4dp				0	hides the truth
585	10:7	e1w8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “name” represents a person’s reputation. Alternate translation: “memory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
586	10:8	e725				0	“be destroyed” or “be made useless”
587	10:9	ps6l				0	not straight; deformed; dishonest; deceitful
588	10:10	mi1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	“Winking the eye” represents a secretive sign for being cruel to someone else. Alternate translation: “He who makes a signal with a gesture” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
589	10:10	p957		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person who is ruined is spoken of as if he were thrown down. Alternate translation: “others will ruin him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
590	10:11	f47s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “The speech of a righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
591	10:11	tv58		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	This refers to righteous people in general. Alternate translation: “righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
592	10:11	h2ny		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This person’s speech is spoken of as if it preserved living animals or people, as a water spring would do in a dry land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
593	10:11	bz8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	That is, the wicked person appears to say harmless things, but plans to violent things against other people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
594	10:11	elp1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “the speech of a wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
595	10:11	jt58		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
596	10:12	ph1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Love acts like a person who quiets trouble between people instead of stirring it up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
597	10:13	n8pk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “in what a sensible person says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
598	10:13	ww93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Rod” represents strong, physical punishment and “the back” represents the person who receives the punishment. Alternate translation: “a person who has no sense needs forceful punishment” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
599	10:14	ej72		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words from a foolish person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
600	10:15	fd3s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This represents wealth as a safe place. Alternate translation: “his safety” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
601	10:16	im19		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	These terms normally refer to the money a worker earns. Here they represents the results of either doing what is right or doing what is wrong. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
602	10:17	k6n3				0	“The person who obeys wise instruction will have a long and happy life”
603	10:17	st2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the one who does not obey wise instruction will not have a good life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
604	10:18	d6bj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “tells lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
605	10:19	zc3a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “there is much sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
606	10:20	h1pz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whatever a righteous person says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
607	10:20	pvj4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“Silver” represents valuable sayings. Alternate translation: “is extremely valuable” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
608	10:21	h4rr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The sayings of a righteous man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
609	10:21	kp6k				0	cause them to develop or grow stronger
610	10:23	l951		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A game is an activity people do for pleasure. Alternate translation: “Fools find pleasure in wickedness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
611	10:24	xai5				0	overcome someone
612	10:25	ci43		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Just as storm comes and sweeps everything away so wicked people will disappear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
613	10:25	v58h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“Foundation” represents the base or a beginning of something that people build over. Alternate translation: “is a start for something that lasts forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
614	10:26	fk5l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	“Vinegar” and “smoke” represent things that hurt a person’s teeth and eyes. Alternate translation: “Sending a lazy person to accomplish a task is irritating and unpleasant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
615	10:26	i1xh				0	a sour liquid used to flavor or preserve foods
616	10:27	rv8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“Years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
617	10:28	pds2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
618	10:30	ub25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated as active and positive: Alternate translation: “will be secure” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
619	10:31	f7hy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the righteous man’s words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
620	10:31	amx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “God will shut the mouths of people who say what is false” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
621	10:32	y79y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “righteous person knows how to speak acceptably” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
622	10:32	ay8q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
623	11:intro	uk6v				0	Proverbs 11 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 11 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
624	11:1	hzq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Many verses in Chapter 11 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
625	11:1	g3jt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“Scales” represent measuring accurately in negotiating. Alternate translation: “God hates deceiving scales” or “God hates it when people are deceitful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
626	11:1	pe2q				0	“Precise weight” represents accuracy in negotiating. Alternate translation: “but he delights in honest ways” or “but he is happy when people are honest”
627	11:3	rj24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who are treacherous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
628	11:4	r538		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The “day of wrath” represents a specific event, such as the “day of Yahweh” or “judgment day” or “last days.” Alternate translation: “A person’s wealth will do him no good when God comes to judge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
629	11:5	lc4r				0	“has clear direction”
630	11:5	vhe9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
631	11:6	v49j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are treacherous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
632	11:6	b5vy				0	“those who do evil are captured by their passions”
633	11:6	rhq7				0	ready to betray trust; traitorous; deceptive
634	11:7	dz8x				0	“the confidence he has in his own power”
635	11:7	zn33				0	“disappears”
636	11:8	z4am		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God keeps away from trouble the person who does what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
637	11:8	u873				0	“trouble comes”
638	11:9	r7vl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The words of the godless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
639	11:11	sim1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“City” represents the community or people group. Alternate translation: “the people group prospers” or “the community becomes prosperous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
640	11:11	p4sd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of evil people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
641	11:13	en2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“Covered” represents keeping things concealed as much as possible. Alternate translation: “does not tell” or “does not speak about the matter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
642	11:14	a9wq				0	those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors
643	11:15	j2ce				0	“one who refuses to give”
644	11:16	bvh9				0	people without pity or compassion; cruel people
645	11:16	h7rd				0	“are greedy for wealth”
646	11:17	dxp9				0	“a person who”
647	11:18	imr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	To “sow” represents spreading out to gain more. Alternate translation: “spreads out what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
648	11:18	ln8a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	To “reap” represents acquiring or gathering in” Alternate translation: “will surely be rewarded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
649	11:19	ibb6				0	“the person who”
650	11:19	un2d				0	“chases after evil” or “seeks to do evil”
651	11:20	r5lt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “who have wicked thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
652	11:21	gh2a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “will certainly be punished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
653	11:22	y2me		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	A beautiful woman without discretion is compared to a useless and unsuitable golden ring in a pig’s nose. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
654	11:22	fe2p				0	“without common sense” or “who is foolish”
655	11:24	x29n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is a metaphor for a person who becomes more wealthy by being generous. Alternate translation: “Some people give freely to others and yet become more wealthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
656	11:24	v6x4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	You may need to make explicit that the person scatters seeds for crops to grow. Alternate translation: “one who scatters much seed” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
657	11:24	gmp8				0	“will gain even more”
658	11:24	p1q7				0	This refers to a person who thinks that he can become rich by refusing to be generous.
659	11:25	q9vb				0	“will gain more”
660	11:25	lf1i				0	“the generous person who” or “anyone who”
661	11:26	eb69				0	This describes the person who hoards his wealth instead of helping those in need.
662	11:26	h1qp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“Crown” represents the reward or award for the person who is willing to sell grain. Alternate translation: “good gifts are given as a crown of honor to him who sells it” or “the person who sells it is honored with many blessings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
663	11:27	k6ug				0	the one who seeks with careful and continued effort
664	11:28	q218		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Here “fall” represents destruction or failure. Alternate translation: “will be destroyed” or “awaits a bad future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
665	11:28	p1e2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	“Leaf” represents growth and prosperity. Alternate translation: “righteous people will prosper in the same way a healthy green leaf grows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
666	11:28	mf6v				0	This means that righteous people will thrive or prosper.
667	11:29	p1pb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The “wind” is a metaphor for something that cannot be grasped or has no value. Alternate translation: “inherit nothing” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
668	11:30	q7ul		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	A person who does what is right is compared to a tree that produces life as its fruit. Alternate translation: “Those who do right will bring life to themselves and others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
669	11:30	hlz7				0	See how you translated this in Proverbs 3:18.
670	11:31	s8p9				0	“even more so”
671	12:intro	x2lg				0	Proverbs 12 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 12 continues the section of the book (Chapter 10-22) which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
672	12:1	ktr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	The author uses [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] throughout this chapter. Verses 1-15 contrast wisdom and foolishness.
673	12:1	r7h6				0	“Any person who”
674	12:1	tz7m				0	“the person who does not want to be told what to do”
675	12:1	nj5f				0	“is foolish” or “is unwise”
676	12:3	nly2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one can become safe and secure by doing what is wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
677	12:3	md5p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“Uprooted” represents being pulled out of the ground like a plant or a tree. This cannot happen to those who do right. Alternate translation: “are as stable as a tree with deep roots” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
678	12:4	wh4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A crown represents the greatest honor a person can receive. Alternate translation: “A good wife is a sign of great honor for her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
679	12:4	ced6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	A disease that rots the bones represents the spoiling of a person’s life. Alternate translation: “a wife’s shameful acts destroy her husband’s influence and happiness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
680	12:6	sw3s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The deceitful things that wicked people say in order to harm other people are spoken of as if their words are waiting to kill someone by surprise. Alternate translation: “The deceitful things wicked people say are like a person who waits to kill someone by surprise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
681	12:6	n6s7				0	“the advice from an upright person keeps people safe”
682	12:6	au1h				0	“the righteous person” or “the honest person” or “the just person”
683	12:7	qw8f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will overthrow the wicked people” or “People will remove the wicked people from power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
684	12:7	t5c3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The term “house” is often used figuratively in the Bible to refer to a person’s ancestors, descendants or other relatives. Alternate translation: “family” or “descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
685	12:8	hfu6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will praise those who have wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
686	12:8	hq69		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will hate the one who always thinks evil thoughts” or “people will hate the one who takes good things and twists them into bad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
687	12:10	uxx4				0	“causes suffering”
688	12:11	wl9h				0	“worthless plans” or “worthless tasks”
689	12:12	b6y1				0	This refers to a person’s actions and thoughts. Just as fruit on a tree shows what kind of tree it is, in the same way a person’s words and actions reveal what his character is like.
690	12:13	ak1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Trapped” represents being caught in a snare or being tricked. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The wicked things an evil person says will trap him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
691	12:14	z5v9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The phrase, “the work of his hands” represents work done by physical labor. Alternate translation: “just as the good work he does rewards him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
692	12:15	lr2l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This phrase represents the idea he has from his own observation, imagination or memory. Alternate translation: “in his own opinion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
693	12:15	wlp9				0	wise suggestions
694	12:16	n8pr				0	“is wise” or “has good sense.”
695	12:18	k26n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The phrase, “thrusts of a sword” represents cruel words that hurt another. Alternate translation: “What a person says without thinking can hurt as much as if he stabbed with a sword” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
696	12:18	avt2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what wise people say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
697	12:18	mpg6				0	“comforts and heals”
698	12:19	wm6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “A truthful person endures forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
699	12:19	r5ql		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the one who lies lasts only for a moment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
700	12:20	xs9w				0	those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors
701	12:21	d4zt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	The negative, “No” cancels out the idea of “ill” (bad things that happen). Alternate translation: “Good things come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
702	12:22	x3ha		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests those who tell lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
703	12:23	qi9m				0	“does not tell everything he knows”
704	12:24	j53h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Hand” represents what a person does -- his works. Alternate translation: “Diligent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
705	12:24	ymw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Forced labor” describes what a person must do who is not free to do what he wants. Alternate translation: “will become a slave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
706	12:25	qts2				0	uneasy feeling of fear or dread, worry
707	12:25	n82f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“Weighing down” represents the idea of putting a very heavy load on a person so he cannot move freely. This phrase means to make a person sad or depressed. Alternate translation: “causes him to become sad or depressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
708	12:25	z6n9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “word” can be stated as the verb “speak.” Alternate translation: “but when others speak kindly to him, he is cheerful again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
709	12:27	gdt7				0	“Game” means animals caught and killed while hunting. And “roast” is a way of cooking food.
710	12:27	vz9v				0	“valuable treasure”
711	13:intro	nh7k				0	Proverbs 13 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
712	13:1	ugs5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hears” represents listening in order to do it. Alternate translation: “A wise son obeys” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
713	13:1	sy9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “listen” represents paying attention in order to do it. Alternate translation: “will not learn from rebuke” or “will not obey, despite rebuke” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
714	13:2	zu98		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “fruit” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the words of his mouth” or “From what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
715	13:2	w883				0	the desire or liking for something
716	13:2	mgn1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
717	13:3	xb3d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
718	13:3	bd6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Opening the lips represents speaking, and opening them wide represents speaking too often or too much. Alternate translation: “speaks a lot” or “talks too much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
719	13:4	c7yc				0	See how you translated this in Proverbs 13:2.
720	13:4	z2sk				0	“strongly desires but gets nothing”
721	13:4	rj8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	Here “appetite” represents desire. Alternate translation: “diligent people will have a richly satisfied life” or “being diligent will make people richly satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
722	13:4	z1wm				0	people who work with careful and continued effort
723	13:5	i9t2				0	causing a strong feeling of disgust
724	13:6	gt48		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	“Righteousness” represents a way of life approved by Yahweh. This quality acts like a person who protects. Alternate translation: “A way of life approved by Yahweh protects” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
725	13:6	iac2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “path” represents how a person directs his life. Alternate translation: “who are faultless in their way of living” or “who live lives of integrity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
726	13:6	r21h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here “wickedness” represents an evil conduct of life. This quality acts like a person who turns away those who commit sin. Alternate translation: “wickedness turns sinners away from a successful path” or “wickedness ruins sinners’ lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
727	13:7	z16h				0	“who makes himself rich”
728	13:8	mre8				0	Possible meanings are (1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or (2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. Alternate translation: “does not listen to rebuke”
729	13:9	ev8k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the light represents the righteous person’s life or good behavior, and rejoicing represents causing people to rejoice. Alternate translation: “The life of a righteous person is like a light that causes people to rejoice” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
730	13:9	ibt9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the lamp represents the life or behavior of wicked people, and “be put out” is an idiom that means that a fire is stopped. The lamp being put out represents either the person dying or the person’s life not giving any joy. Alternate translation: “the lives of wicked people are like a lamp whose fire will be stopped” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
731	13:10	c8hy				0	“Pride always causes conflict”
732	13:10	n32q				0	“heed” or “follow”
733	13:10	ujq3				0	suggestions that are helpful and profitable
734	13:11	u1q4				0	“Wealth decreases” or “Wealth slowly disappears”
735	13:11	i2l4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The phrase “working with his hand” refers to physical work instead of only mental or other types of work. Many people give physical work a low value. Alternate translation: “working with physical strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
736	13:11	j3nn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Money is compared to a tree that grows. Alternate translation: “make his money increase” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
737	13:12	v8h6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hope” represents the thing a person hopes for. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When a person hopes for something but does not receive it for a very long time” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
738	13:12	gfi6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Breaking a person’s heart represents overwhelming that person with sadness. Alternate translation: “it causes intense sadness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
739	13:12	k7pf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Someone receiving what they hoped for and becoming very happy is spoken of as if the fulfillment of their hope were a tree that gives life. Alternate translation: “a longing fulfilled is like a tree of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
740	13:12	isa3				0	“a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life.” See how you translated this in Proverbs 3:18.
741	13:13	a5vy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will reward the one who respects the command” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
742	13:14	uhi9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A fountain is a good source of water and here represents a source of life. Alternate translation: “a bountiful source of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
743	13:14	h871		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “snares” represent dangers that will kill. Alternate translation: “traps that lead to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
744	13:15	r4vi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here a person’s behavior or conduct is spoken of as if it were a way or path that a person walks. A person being ruined by their own treachery is spoken of as if they are on a way or path that never ends. Alternate translation: “but the behavior of the treacherous will cause their own destruction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
745	13:15	up13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
746	13:16	g6vs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	To “parade” means to display in front of everyone. Alternate translation: “a fool displays his foolishness to everyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
747	13:17	h4gr				0	“is unreliable” or “does something evil”
748	13:17	pfh6				0	“a faithful messenger” or “a faithful diplomat”
749	13:18	m4d7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “correction” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
750	13:19	h11i				0	“is a delight” or “brings joy”
751	13:19	fv8k				0	the desire or liking for something
752	13:20	k77z				0	“will experience harm” or “will be ruined”
753	13:21	ddh8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	“Disaster” is given human characteristics like the ability to run. Alternate translation: “Sinners have trouble wherever they go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
754	13:21	ecr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God rewards righteous people with good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
755	13:22	amv1				0	“the sons of his sons” or “the children of his children” or “his descendants”
756	13:22	fi9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the one who does right will receive the wealth that a sinner has stored up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
757	13:23	z3px				0	“A field that is not prepared for food production” or “An empty field not ready for planting”
758	13:23	h46l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“Swept away” represents completely removing something. This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “but injustice takes away that food” or “but unjust people take the food away” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
759	13:24	jp8a				0	“makes sure to instruct him”
760	13:25	a593				0	“he has satisfied himself” or “he fulfills his desires”
761	13:25	azl9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “stomach” represents the desires of a person. Alternate translation: “the wicked person is always hungry for more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
762	14:intro	gbj2				0	Proverbs 14 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
763	14:1	r3rp				0	“builds up her house” or “makes her house better”
764	14:1	tv3l				0	Possible meanings are (1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or (2) this may refer to her family.
765	14:1	l2y8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The woman is represented by her “hands.” Alternate translation: “by herself” or “by the way she behaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
766	14:2	qgn4				0	“The person who … the person who”
767	14:2	qnc4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“Walks” represents the conduct of life. Alternate translation: “conducts his life in a just and honest way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
768	14:2	we9s				0	“grossly disrespects him” or “shows that he hates him”
769	14:2	c17i				0	The word “his” refers to the dishonest man and “him” refers to Yahweh.
770	14:3	a16n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The mouth and the lips both refer to what a person says. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
771	14:3	ixb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The rod with which people will punish the fool by hitting him on his back for his foolish words is a metonym for the words that come out of his mouth. Alternate translation: “words that will cause people to punish him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
772	14:3	c2ir				0	This word is plural. “wise men” or “wise people”
773	14:3	gru7				0	“will keep them from harm” or “will keep them safe”
774	14:4	w12s				0	A “trough” is a container in which you put the food for animals.
775	14:4	e3k8				0	“a good harvest”
776	14:4	diy9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Strength” represents the strong work an ox can do. Alternate translation: “because of the work an ox does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
777	14:5	j6d2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 6:19.
778	14:6	wm35				0	“and wisdom is not there” or “but he will not find wisdom”
779	14:6	ek6h				0	“is easily found by” or “acquires without difficulty”
780	14:6	xv2j				0	“the one who is wise” or “a person who has understanding”
781	14:7	ud4w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “from his speech” or “with his comments” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
782	14:8	e2qn				0	a person who has good judgment or sense
783	14:8	vp9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “way” represents the conduct of life of a person. Alternate translation: “his conduct” or “how he lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
784	14:8	vug2				0	The foolishness of fools is that they think they are wise, when they are not.
785	14:9	m1s1				0	“at guilt” or “at the guilt offering” The meaning behind this phrase is that fools do not apologize to God or men for the things they do wrong.
786	14:9	t24p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the upright enjoy favor together” or “but God’s favor is experienced together among the upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
787	14:10	xxe9				0	“its own sorrow” or “its own sadness”
788	14:10	y94d				0	“those who do not know him”
789	14:11	c5yp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “tent” represents everything that happens within it. Alternate translation: “the household” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
790	14:11	d165		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “flourish” means vigorous blooming of flowers and so represents anything that grows strongly. Alternate translation: “to do well and last long” or “to be healthy” or “to be very successful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
791	14:12	y8gw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “way” represents the conduct of life a person follows. Alternate translation: “People think that the way they are living is the right way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
792	14:13	n7lp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “A person’s feelings can show laughter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
793	14:13	j3ih				0	“experience pain” or “hurt”
794	14:14	a8j9				0	“The person who”
795	14:14	c5in		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “ways” represents a person’s conduct of life. Alternate translation: “what he deserves, based on how he lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
796	14:14	qe8k				0	“what belongs to him” or “what he has a right to”
797	14:15	i558				0	inexperienced or immature
798	14:15	h73m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the idea of footsteps represents a person’s behavior. Alternate translation: “his actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
799	14:16	z79v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place. Alternate translation: “avoids doing evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
800	14:16	dy6s				0	“boldly ignores”
801	14:17	yez8				0	“becomes angry quickly”
802	14:18	j5kv				0	inexperienced or immature
803	14:18	c2ql		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “inherit” represents having permanent possession of something. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
804	14:18	aj35				0	The word “foolishness” is an abstract noun that represents foolish thinking and foolish actions.
805	14:18	rq9a				0	“wise people”
806	14:18	spn1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were a beautiful ornament worn on one’s head, such as a turban with jewels. Alternate translation: “wear knowledge as a turban” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
807	14:19	b4i8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	This means to bend over to humbly express respect and submission toward someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
808	14:19	e892		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “gates” represents an entrance to meet with another. This means the wicked will have to wait for the righteous person and beg to enter his presence. Alternate translation: “to meet with the righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
809	14:20	h5ns		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone hates the poor person even his own neighbors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
810	14:21	fy3m				0	“The person … the person”
811	14:21	d4gp				0	“poor people”
812	14:22	m1cw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The assumed answer to this question is “yes.” Alternate translation: “Those who plot evil will go astray.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
813	14:22	ie8f				0	“who make evil plans” or “who make plans to do evil things”
814	14:22	mmn3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “God will show himself to be trustworthy and faithful to his covenant to those who plan to do what is good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
815	14:23	k11f				0	“but if you only talk” or “but when all a person does is talking”
816	14:24	dc97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “crown” represents the highest achievement possible and visible to all. Alternate translation: “The reward of wise people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
817	14:24	u3bw				0	See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 14:8.
818	14:25	wkc7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 6:19. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
819	14:27	c8u2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A “fountain” is a bountiful source of water and represents here the source of life. Alternate translation: “source of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
820	14:27	r5t6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A “snare” is a sort of trap used to hunt animals and represents something tricky and dangerous that will kill. Alternate translation: “from the trap that will kill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
821	14:28	vxf7				0	“how many people he rules”
822	14:28	yp94				0	“the prince has nothing and his kingdom will fall”
823	14:29	n61r				0	a person who is quick to become angry
824	14:30	lqn3				0	“A peaceful mindset” or “An attitude that is at peace”
825	14:30	l819		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “rots” represents the decay of a person and “bones” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be unhealthy in body and spirit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
826	14:31	k67r				0	“The person who … the person who”
827	14:31	b6nz				0	This means to express a desire that bad things will happen to someone.
828	14:31	xhv2				0	“a poor person … a needy person”
829	14:31	k2td				0	“is kind to” or “helps”
830	14:32	t8gr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “evil actions push over” or “evil actions destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
831	14:33	axk6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is in the attitude” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
832	14:33	t41l				0	“a discerning person”
833	14:33	r61l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she makes sure people know her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
834	14:33	xi3x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The word “she” refers to wisdom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
835	14:34	dl6h				0	“brings shame upon to any people” or “should cause any people to be ashamed”
836	14:35	qjf7				0	“who acts wisely” or “who makes sure bad things do not happen”
837	14:35	vi56				0	“the servant who”
838	15:intro	l872				0	Proverbs 15 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
839	15:1	x2lh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Causing a person to stop being angry is spoken of as if it were turning that person’s wrath away. Alternate translation: “Answering a person gently will calm that person’s wrath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
840	15:1	hu6m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Causing a person to become more angry is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening anger. Alternate translation: “but speaking harshly causes that person to become more angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
841	15:2	w6ic		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “tongue” refers to the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “Wise people compliment knowledge when they speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
842	15:2	sjz8				0	“makes knowledge attractive” or “uses knowledge correctly”
843	15:2	ncr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of fools’ mouths as if they were containers and of folly as if it were the liquid that filled them. When fools speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouth” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “fools are always speaking folly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
844	15:3	w8rc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh and emphasizes his ability to see everything. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sees everything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
845	15:3	bw6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The words “evil” and “good” refer to people. Alternate translation: “evil people and good people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
846	15:4	wt85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “tongue” refers to speech. The writer speaks of the words of a person who says things that help and encourage others as if they were a tree that provides life-giving nourishment. Alternate translation: “Kind words are like a tree that gives life” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
847	15:4	eg2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The phrase “a deceitful tongue” refers to speech that is deceitful or hurtful. The writer speaks of a person being hurt or in despair as if that person’s spirit were an object that words have crushed. Alternate translation: “deceitful speech causes a person to despair” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
848	15:5	kix4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he who learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
849	15:5	x86t				0	“is wise”
850	15:6	h7yy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “earnings” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the wealth that a wicked person earns gives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
851	15:7	tk6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “lips” represents what wise people say. The writer speaks of knowledge as if it were seeds that wise people scatter around when they speak. Alternate translation: “The speech of wise people spreads knowledge” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
852	15:7	wet2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Possible meanings are (1) the word “hearts” is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate translation: “fools do not scatter knowledge about” or (2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with “hearts” being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate translation: “fools do not understand knowledge” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
853	15:8	a5ry				0	“people who live rightly”
854	15:8	fci9				0	“pleases him”
855	15:9	ui9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The lifestyles of wicked people are spoken of as if they are paths on which those people walk. Alternate translation: “Yahweh hates the way that wicked people live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
856	15:9	pj1l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Being diligent to live rightly is spoken of as if it were chasing after right things. Alternate translation: “the person who strives to live rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
857	15:10	j3mw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “the way” refers to the way of righteousness. A person who stops doing what is right is spoken of as if he has stopped walking on the correct path. Alternate translation: “anyone who stops living rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
858	15:10	jus3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the person who hates it when others correct him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
859	15:11	n1e2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The words “Sheol and destruction” both refer to the place of the dead. Yahweh knowing everything about the place of the dead is spoken of as if it were open before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh knows everything about the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
860	15:11	b6if		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This rhetorical question emphasizes that since Yahweh knows everything about the place of the dead, it is more obvious that he knows everything about the hearts of men. Alternate translation: “so he certainly knows the hearts of the sons of mankind!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
861	15:11	r3gz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “hearts” represents the thoughts and motivations. The phrase “the sons of mankind” is an idiom for humanity. Alternate translation: “the thoughts of humans” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
862	15:12	dl8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The mocker hates when others correct him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
863	15:12	f5d9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel or advice. Alternate translation: “he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
864	15:13	b4lv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “When a person is joyful, his face is cheerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
865	15:13	dm7a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a person being discouraged as if that person’s spirit were an object that is crushed. See how you translated this in Proverbs 15:4. Alternate translation: “makes a person discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
866	15:14	d9uh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The mind of the discerning person” or “The discerning person” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
867	15:14	k3ct		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “mouth” represents the person. The writer speaks of fools desiring foolish things as if they ate foolish things. Alternate translation: “foolish people desire folly as if it were the food that they eat” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
868	15:15	r1yn				0	“Oppressed people are miserable all of their days”
869	15:15	en6x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “heart” represents the person. The writer speaks of a cheerful person enjoying life as if that person were celebrating a feast that does not end. Alternate translation: “the cheerful person enjoys life, as if he were celebrating an unending feast” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
870	15:15	m9lg				0	“a feast that never ends”
871	15:16	iix3				0	“with anxiety”
872	15:17	via5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The vegetables represent a small meal with very little food. Alternate translation: “a small meal” or “very little food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
873	15:17	ux23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “love” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people love one another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
874	15:17	m9u4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fatted calf that someone serves with hatred” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
875	15:17	x4f2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to a calf that has been fed a lot of food so that it will become fat. Here it represents a delicious meal or a feast. Alternate translation: “a luxurious meal” or “a feast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
876	15:17	vw92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “hatred” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people hate one another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
877	15:18	p4ji		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. The abstract noun “arguments” can be stated as “argue.” Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
878	15:19	awv2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a person’s life as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard … the life of the upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
879	15:19	gy92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer compares the lifestyle of the sluggard with trying to walk through a hedge of thorns. Both cause the person to suffer pain. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard is like a person trying to walk through a hedge of thorns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
880	15:19	zqz8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the blessings that upright people experience in life as if they were walking on a smooth road. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
881	15:19	c95z				0	This is a road that is wide, flat, and without obstacles or potholes.
882	15:21	itu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a person doing the right thing as if he were walking straight ahead on a path. Alternate translation: “the person who has understanding does what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
883	15:22	p1yb				0	“Plans fail”
884	15:22	et1u				0	“when there is no one to give advice”
885	15:22	re1s				0	people who give recommendations as a guide to action
886	15:22	q31z				0	“plans succeed”
887	15:23	wg81				0	“a fitting reply” or “an appropriate answer”
888	15:23	jnm2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations		0	This exclamation emphasizes that a word spoken at the right time is very good. Alternate translation: “a word that a person speaks at the right time is very good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
889	15:24	b9kb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a lifestyle that results in life as if it were a path that goes upward towards life and of a lifestyle that results in death as if it were a path that leads down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
890	15:25	h2dg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This is a synecdoche for the person’s household, property, and wealth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
891	15:26	h9s4				0	“kind words are pure” or “pleasant words are pure”
892	15:28	avu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “heart” is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. This represents the person who thinks. Alternate translation: “The person who does right ponders what to say before he answers” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
893	15:28	zzd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of wicked people’s mouths as if they were containers and speaks of evil as if it were the liquid that filled them. When wicked people speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouths” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “wicked people are always saying evil things” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
894	15:28	zr4l				0	It may be more natural in you language to translate all these words as either singular or plural. Alternate translation: “the mouth of the wicked person pours out all its evil” or “the mouths of wicked people pour out all their evil”
895	15:29	nq5q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh not listening to wicked people as if he were physically far away from them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not listen to wicked people” or “Yahweh does not answer wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
896	15:30	msq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of an expression of joy on one’s face as if the person’s eyes emitted light. Alternate translation: “A cheerful expression” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
897	15:30	d2bg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The word “heart” represents the person. Possible meanings are (1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or (2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be joyful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
898	15:30	hhj8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “body” represents the person. Alternate translation: “receiving good news makes a person feel good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
899	15:31	vet3				0	Possible meanings are (1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or (2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people.
900	15:32	l9cd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “listens when others correct him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
901	15:33	nhk9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The words “fear” and “wisdom” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “When one fears Yahweh, he will learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
902	15:33	t56g				0	See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 1:7.
903	15:33	w2h2				0	This means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him.
904	16:intro	mu2u				0	Proverbs 16 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapter King and royalty Some of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers. Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
905	16:1	bqu9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “A person makes plans in his mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
906	16:1	hf8a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person’s plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person’s plans or (2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
907	16:1	j1hu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The person is represented by his “tongue” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “the answer that he speaks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
908	16:2	m6li		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that everything he does is pure” or “A person judges everything he does as pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
909	16:2	ky4t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “spirits” represents people’s desires and motives. The writer speaks of Yahweh discerning and judging a person’s desires and motives as if he were weighing that person’s spirit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh judges the person’s motives” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
910	16:4	ccq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he has made even the wicked for the day of trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
911	16:5	lkb8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who is arrogant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
912	16:5	cq2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	The two negatives in this phrase strongly emphasize the positive. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
913	16:6	t6t9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives people’s sins” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
914	16:6	sn15		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of people no longer doing evil things as if they were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “people stop doing evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
915	16:7	i6tc				0	“Yahweh makes”
916	16:8	u992				0	“earning a lot of money”
917	16:8	a4dx				0	“with wrongdoing”
918	16:9	wyx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “A person plans in his mind what he will do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
919	16:9	y8rt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh determining the outcome of a person’s plans as if Yahweh were telling that person where to walk. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
920	16:10	ak2q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “lips” is a metonym for what the king says. Alternate translation: “What a king says are insightful decisions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
921	16:10	ul24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The word “mouth” represents the king himself. Alternate translation: “he should not speak deceitfully when he judges” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
922	16:11	hb1i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
923	16:11	c4kd				0	Merchants carried their weights in bags. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or (2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses.
924	16:12	tie4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that is something that people despise” or “that is something that Yahweh despises” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
925	16:12	yr8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “throne” represents the king’s rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the king establishes his reign by doing what is right” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
926	16:13	sfa1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “a person who speaks the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
927	16:14	lfm4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of an angry king causing someone to die as if the king’s wrath were a messenger that he sends out to kill someone. Alternate translation: “An angry king can put people to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
928	16:15	av7j				0	Verse 15 contrasts with verse 14.
929	16:15	f1pr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of an expression of joy on the king’s face as if his face emitted light. Alternate translation: “When the king is cheerful, people live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
930	16:15	a5n5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer compares the king showing favor towards someone with a cloud that brings rain to make crops grow. Both promise blessing to those who receive them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
931	16:16	rgj4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations		0	This exclamation emphasizes that having wisdom is much better than having gold. Alternate translation: “It is much better to get wisdom than to get gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
932	16:16	bn5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose to get understanding more than to get silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
933	16:17	ffx6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the lifestyle of upright people as if it were a well-built road, free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “The righteous way that upright people live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
934	16:17	a2qn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of avoiding or no longer doing evil things as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “keeps them from doing evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
935	16:18	qp3l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “spirit” represents the person’s attitude and temperament. Alternate translation: “an arrogant attitude” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
936	16:18	yz53				0	“ruin” or “failure”
937	16:19	s4fk				0	goods taken in battle
938	16:20	zg3i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what someone has taught them” or “what they have learned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
939	16:21	lrv9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This person will have a reputation of being a discerning person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will call the one who is wise in heart discerning” or “The one who is wise in heart will have a reputation of being a discerning person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
940	16:21	hq6m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the heart represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The one who is wise” or “The one who is wise in his thinking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
941	16:21	w5ly		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of kind or pleasant speech as if it were something that tastes sweet. Alternate translation: “kind speech” or “pleasant speech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
942	16:22	y5ux		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of “Understanding” as if it were a fountain that continuously flows with water and which sustains the life of those who drink from it. Alternate translation: “Understanding is like a fountain flowing with life-giving water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
943	16:23	rbc8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The thoughts of a wise person gives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
944	16:23	qa4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “mouth” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “makes his speech wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
945	16:23	i4qn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “lips” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “to what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
946	16:24	r6ef		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Possible meanings for the word “soul” are (1) it represents a person’s inward desires and pleasures. Alternate translation: “sweet enough to make a person happy” or (2) it can mean “throat” and is a metonym for a person’s tongue and ability to taste. Alternate translation: “sweet to a person’s taste” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
947	16:24	ye3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “bones” represent a person’s body. Alternate translation: “healing to the body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
948	16:25	v8l9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The writer speaks of a person’s conduct or behavior as if it were a road on which the person is traveling. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that the way he is living is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
949	16:25	es6x				0	The word “its” refers to “way” in the previous line. This “way” is the road that leads to death.
950	16:26	fc7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of the appetite as if it were a person who works on behalf of the laborer. This means that the person who labors is motivated by his desire to eat. Alternate translation: “The laborer works to satisfy his appetite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
951	16:26	gb4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of “hunger” as if it were a person who urges the laborer to continue working. Alternate translation: “he keeps on working because he is hungry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
952	16:27	r16q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a person trying to find ways to harm other people as if that person were digging in the ground to find something buried. Alternate translation: “A worthless person looks for mischief as if he were digging for something in the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
953	16:27	sga2				0	“useless” or “wicked”
954	16:27	q5zk				0	trouble
955	16:27	xs7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer compares the way this person’s words hurt others with the way that fire burns things. Alternate translation: “he hurts people with his words, like a fire scorches the things it touches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
956	16:28	x2b5				0	a person who gossips or spreads rumors
957	16:29	mk94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that this man lies to his neighbor in order to get his neighbor to join him in violent actions. Alternate translation: “A man of violence entices his neighbor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
958	16:29	i6a5				0	“A violent man” or “A man who practices violence”
959	16:29	f3dd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if they were a road on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “gets him to do things that are not good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
960	16:29	m8qs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The writer uses an understatement to emphasize how bad this path is. Alternate translation: “a very bad path” or “a terrible path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
961	16:30	p1tu				0	Both of these are facial gestures which people might use to signal their plans to others. See how you translated “winks the eye” in Proverbs 10:10.
962	16:30	wy6w				0	“will do evil things”
963	16:31	aj89		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of gray hair as if it were a crown. “Gray hair” is a metonym for old age. Alternate translation: “A person who has lived long enough to have gray hair is like one who wears a glorious crown on his head” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
964	16:31	y1am		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a person gains it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
965	16:32	x3rg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. Alternate translation: “one who controls his temper” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
966	16:33	ei8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person throws the lots into his lap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
967	16:33	js5x				0	Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or (2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen.
968	17:intro	br3v				0	Proverbs 17 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
969	17:1	ecu4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “quiet” refers to “peace.” Alternate translation: “to have peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
970	17:1	p2y8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “to have” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “than to have a house full of feasting with strife” or “than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
971	17:3	fh66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. Alternate translation: “The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
972	17:3	fi3n				0	a pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature
973	17:3	aq7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of Yahweh testing people to help them stop being evil and foolish as if their hearts were a metal that Yahweh was refining to remove everything that is impure. Alternate translation: “Yahweh tests peoples’ hearts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
974	17:4	bar9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The word “lips” can be translated as either (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
975	17:4	cj9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means “listens.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
976	17:4	ef8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The word “tongue” can be translated as either (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
977	17:5	a5ue		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
978	17:5	gs4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	This is a name that refers to Yahweh. This is also an abstract noun that can be written as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who made him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
979	17:5	dj8b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to the misfortune of others. Alternate translation: “at others’ misfortune” or “at other peoples’ troubles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
980	17:6	y71i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of older peoples’ grandchildren being a sign of honor for them as if their grandchildren were a crown. Alternate translation: “bring honor and respect to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
981	17:6	v99u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to older people. Alternate translation: “those who are older” or “older people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
982	17:7	i2ze				0	“Fine speech” or “Excellent speech”
983	17:7	clc1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This describes people lying as if it were actually their “lips” that were lying. Alternate translation: “even more it is not suitable for royalty to lie” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
984	17:8	mi9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This speaks of a person’s bribe working by comparing it to a magical stone or amulet. Alternate translation: “A bribe works like a magical stone for the one who gives it” or “A bribe works like magic for the one who is giving the bribe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
985	17:8	iq11		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “turning” refers to the various things the person does. Specifically, this refers to the different things the person does by bribery. Alternate translation: “in whatever he does” or “in everything he tries to do by giving bribes” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
986	17:9	nk6k				0	an action or word that has hurt him
987	17:9	r2e2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to bringing up a past situation in which a friend was hurt or offended. Alternate translation: “who repeats a past offense” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
988	17:9	s8p6				0	“causes people to stop being close friends” or “causes close friends to stop liking each other”
989	17:10	dra2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This compares how a rebuke effects a man of understanding to how a beating effects a fool. This speaks of the effect on these people as if it could be measured by the depth that it goes into them. Alternate translation: “A rebuke has more effect on a person … than a hundred blows have on a fool” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
990	17:10	fs5v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	“a person who has good judgment.” The word “understand” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person who understands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
991	17:10	hy6y				0	“a beating of a hundred blows goes”
992	17:11	rz73		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “rebellion” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “seeks to rebel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
993	17:11	zqf6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a cruel messenger will come against him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
994	17:11	suj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	To be “sent against” someone means to be sent to harm them. Alternate translation: “will be sent to harm him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
995	17:12	fk5m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a bear who has just lost her cubs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
996	17:12	j1ly		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “foolishness” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “who is acting foolish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
997	17:13	p537		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here “evil” is spoken of as if it were a person who would not leave the man’s house. Here the word “house” may be taken literally, but it is also a metonym for his family. Alternate translation: “bad things will continue to happen to him and his family” or “bad things will never stop happening to him and his family” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
998	17:14	e1bw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This compares how easily a conflict spreads to how spilled water flows everywhere. Alternate translation: “Starting a conflict is like pumping water and letting it run everywhere” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
999	17:14	al2h				0	“starts”or “begins”
1000	17:15	z95a				0	justifies, declares someone not guilty
1001	17:16	kk5n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This rhetorical question emphasizes that the fool should not do this. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “A fool should not pay money to learn about wisdom because he does not have the ability to learn it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1002	17:17	az6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	One of the purposes of a brother is to be there to help his brother or sister in times of trouble. Alternate translation: “a brother is there for times of trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1003	17:18	f3yd				0	“no good judgement”
1004	17:18	r6wn				0	This refers to promises that must be kept and are often a burden on the person who made them.
1005	17:19	bpz3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This means that someone will trip on the threshold and break bones, probably in their foot. Alternate translation: “is sure to cause someone trip and break their the bones in their foot” or “is sure to cause someone to trip and injure himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1006	17:20	a3mi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “who is deceptive” or “who is dishonest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1007	17:20	s659		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The “tongue” represents a person’s speech. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks wickedly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1008	17:20	qjp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	“falls into trouble” To “fall into” something means to get into that situation. Alternate translation: “will have calamity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1009	17:22	b1n1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of a cheerful heart as being good medicine because it makes you feel better. Alternate translation: “A cheerful heart is like medicine that makes you feel better” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1010	17:22	ga2p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “Being cheerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1011	17:22	u1vh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the “spirit” represents a person’s feelings and emotional state. A broken spirit refers to a poor emotional state. Alternate translation: “depression” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1012	17:22	gei3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	A person’s bones represent their physical health and strength. If a person’s bones dry up it means that they are very sick and unhealthy. Alternate translation: “makes a person unhealthy and weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1013	17:23	r7p6				0	“to prevent justice from being rendered” or “to pervert justice”
1014	17:24	ba2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of a person’s focus on acting wisely as if he were looking at wisdom. Alternate translation: “focuses on acting wisely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1015	17:24	r7ww		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This refers to a fool by his eyes to emphasize what he is focusing on. Alternate translation: “the fool is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1016	17:24	qef2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of a fool’s impossible dreams as if they were the ends of the earth to emphasize that they are unrealistic. Alternate translation: “strive for things that are as far from him as the ends of the earth” or “focus on impossible things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1017	17:25	cn74				0	This speaks of a son causing his father grief as if the son himself were “grief.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son brings grief to his father”
1018	17:25	mw1t				0	This speaks of a son causing his mother bitterness as if the son himself were “bitterness.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son … and brings bitterness to the woman”
1019	17:25	t9yj				0	“who gave birth to him”
1020	17:25	lm5j				0	emotional pain, sorrow
1021	17:26	lw6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	These statements can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “it is always wrong … and it is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1022	17:26	wfd1				0	Another possible meaning is “the innocent person,” anyone whom others have accused of a crime that he did not commit.
1023	17:26	s7mg				0	whip severely
1024	17:26	dj91		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “integrity” can be expressed with the adjective “honest.” Alternate translation: “who are honest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1025	17:27	je2b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to the way he speaks. Alternate translation: “speaks with few words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1026	17:28	b5ay		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “People even think a fool is wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1027	17:28	i81a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means that he does not speak. Alternate translation: “does not speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1028	17:28	q1jm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “people consider him to be intelligent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1029	18:intro	k5qz				0	Proverbs 18 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1030	18:1	n34r				0	“keeps away from other people”
1031	18:1	vun3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This speaks of a person disagreeing with sound judgment as if “sound judgment” were a person he fought with. Alternate translation: “he disagrees with all sound judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1032	18:1	r3yq				0	“good judgment” or “wise choices”
1033	18:2	u731		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	“A fool does not care about understanding, but only about” This means the fool considers “understanding” the opposite of pleasure. Alternate translation: “A fool detests understanding and only finds pleasure in” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1034	18:2	ey4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. Alternate translation: “but only in telling others what is in his own heart” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1035	18:2	yp8r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The contents of a person’s heart refers to the person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “what he thinks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1036	18:3	fw1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. Possible meanings are (1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or (2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1037	18:3	ps5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two words have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the “shame” felt by either the wicked man or other people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1038	18:4	izv2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two lines are parallel and it is implied that the man in the first line is a wise man. Alternate translation: “The words of a wise man’s mouth are deep waters; … the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1039	18:4	nv82		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of a wise man’s words being profound as if they were profound and as deep as deep waters. Alternate translation: “The words of a man’s mouth are as profound as deep waters” or “The words of a man’s mouth are deep and profound” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1040	18:4	mk4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the man is referred to by his mouth to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “of a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1041	18:4	mn87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of the source of wisdom being plentiful as if it were a gushing spring. The gushing of the spring is spoken of as if it were a flowing stream. Alternate translation: “the source of wisdom is as plentiful as the water of a gushing spring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1042	18:5	fi7d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	These phrases can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “It is good to treat the wicked person as he deserves, and to be just to the righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1043	18:6	p2qv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the fool is referred to by his “lips” to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “what a fool says brings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1044	18:6	w2xd				0	“cause”
1045	18:6	zxu7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of the fool saying things that cause people to want to beat him as if he were inviting them to beat him. Alternate translation: “his mouth makes people want to beat him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1046	18:6	z4ii		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here what the fool says is referred to as his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1047	18:7	iwj7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Both of these phrases refer to what a fool says. Alternate translation: “What a fool says … by what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1048	18:7	v6hu				0	“will ruin him”
1049	18:7	e4r4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of the man causing problems and trouble for himself as if he were trapping himself like a man traps an animal. Alternate translation: “he will cause problems for himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1050	18:8	iu3y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This speaks of the words of a gossip being desirable to listen to as if they were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1051	18:8	vd95		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession		0	This refers to what a gossiping person says. Alternate translation: “The words that a gossiping person speaks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
1052	18:8	lms4				0	small bites of food
1053	18:8	mr15		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of the words of a gossip going into a person’s mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. Alternate translation: “and they enter a person’s mind and affect his thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1054	18:9	uih2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of the one who is slack being similar to the one who destroys as if they were actually related. Alternate translation: “is closely related to” or “is very similar to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1055	18:9	i66j				0	“is lazy” or “is not interested”
1056	18:9	mch5				0	“the one who destroys everything” or “the one who is always destructive”
1057	18:10	ktq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of Yahweh protecting his people as if he were a strong tower in which they could take refuge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh protects like a strong tower” or “Yahweh protects his people like a strong tower” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1058	18:10	f4nm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here Yahweh is referred to by his name. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1059	18:10	dtz5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to righteous people. Alternate translation: “those who are righteous” or “righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1060	18:10	gkx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of people seeking safety from Yahweh and Yahweh protecting them as if he were a strong tower that they ran into for safety. Alternate translation: “run to him and they are safe” or “seek him and they are safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1061	18:11	vhu8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of a rich person depending on his wealth as if his wealth were a fortified wall that protects him. Alternate translation: “The wealthy person depends on his wealth as a city depends on its fortified wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1062	18:11	bgq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to people who are rich. Alternate translation: “the rich person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1063	18:11	tz4b				0	a city with strong defenses like walls and towers
1064	18:11	kei5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This speaks of the rich person believing his wealth will keep him safe like a high wall keeps those inside a city safe. Alternate translation: “he thinks it protects him as well as a high wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1065	18:12	r28e				0	“First a person’s heart is proud, but then comes his downfall”
1066	18:12	uet1				0	This refers to a significant decline in a person’s reputation or health.
1067	18:12	t2l5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here a person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1068	18:12	dy4x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “humility” may be expressed as an adjective and the word “honor” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person must be humble before he can be honored” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1069	18:13	cj6q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “folly” and “shame” may be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “it is foolish of him, and he should be ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1070	18:14	jnm1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here a person is referred to by his spirit to emphasize his attitude. Alternate translation: “A person who is hopeful will survive sickness” or “If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1071	18:14	v3f4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This is a rhetorical question, expecting the answer that few can bear it. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “but it is very hard to bear a broken spirit.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1072	18:14	b1vb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This refers to being depressed. Alternate translation: “being depressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1073	18:15	e4fm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the intelligent person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his desires. Alternate translation: “The intelligent desire to acquire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1074	18:15	p7l8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to people who are intelligent. Alternate translation: “those who are intelligent” or “intelligent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1075	18:15	ptl8				0	“gains” or “obtains”
1076	18:15	xwh7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the wise person is referred to by his hearing to emphasize what he desires to listen to. Alternate translation: “the wise seeks to learn about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1077	18:15	a1ba		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to people who are wise. Alternate translation: “those who are wise” or “wise people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1078	18:15	enq3				0	Here the word “it” refers to “knowledge”
1079	18:16	zkj3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here to “open the way” means to create an opportunity. Alternate translation: “may create an opportunity for him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1080	18:16	wr8f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means to be allowed to see someone. Alternate translation: “let him meet” or “let him be introduced to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1081	18:17	ct71		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal		0	This refers to the person who pleads his case before his opponent pleads his case. Alternate translation: “The first person to plead his case” or “The person who pleads his case first” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1082	18:18	qs89				0	“Casting lots”
1083	18:18	n3hk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to people who are fighting harshly over a dispute. When they are separated, they are no longer fighting over their dispute. Alternate translation: “causes opponents to stop fighting over their dispute” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1084	18:19	dcj5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of the difficulty of making peace with a brother you have offended by comparing it to the difficulty of winning a war against a strong city. Alternate translation: “If you offend your brother, finding a way to have peace with him again may be harder than waging a battle to win a city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1085	18:19	zq5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This speaks of the difficulty of resolving quarreling by comparing it to the difficulty of breaking down the bars of a castle. Alternate translation: “resolving quarreling is as difficult as breaking down the bars of a castle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1086	18:19	ef13				0	a fortified palace
1087	18:20	qaf4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two lines have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize what is said. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “A person is satisfied by the results of the good things that he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1088	18:20	h4tr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that came from his mouth. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1089	18:20	p1z6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of a person being satisfied or content by the result of what they have said as if they had eaten and become satisfied” Alternate translation: “a person is satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1090	18:20	r4ee		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that is harvested. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1091	18:20	x66t				0	“he is pleased”
1092	18:21	flt4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “The tongue can lead to life of death” or “What people say can lead to life or death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1093	18:21	n65f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the “tongue” refers to speech. Alternate translation: “by what people say … love speaking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1094	18:21	l141		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of a person receiving the consequence for what he says as if the consequences were fruit that he receives. Alternate translation: “will receive its consequences” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1095	18:24	wg3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “many friends--they will bring him to ruin” or “many friends--his friends will destroy him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1096	18:24	zc7f				0	“is more faithful than” or “stays more loyal than”
1097	19:intro	nbz8				0	Proverbs 19 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1098	19:1	ev8n				0	“It is better to be a poor person”
1099	19:1	bpi4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Here walking refers to living. Alternate translation: “who lives in his integrity” or “who lives an honest life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1100	19:1	wj4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “speech” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks in an evil way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1101	19:2	u1uj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to people trying to do something without the knowledge for how to correctly do it. Alternate translation: “to work hard without knowing what you are doing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1102	19:2	f2pu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of a person doing something too quickly and making mistakes as if running too quickly and missing the path. Alternate translation: “the one who acts too quickly makes mistakes” or “the one who acts too quickly makes poor choices” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1103	19:3	ivv9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here a person is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “he rages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1104	19:4	q8uv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This means that a person who is wealthy will have many friends because wealth attracts people. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who are wealthy easily find many friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1105	19:4	v5qy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	A poor person is separated from many of his friends because of his poverty. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “poverty causes a person to lose his friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1106	19:5	l99e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives		0	This can be written in positive and active form. Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1107	19:5	i2ws		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This means that he will be captured. Alternate translation: “they will capture the one who breathes out lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1108	19:5	q13j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Here “breathes” refers to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 6:19. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1109	19:6	gms6				0	someone who often gives away things
1110	19:6	q978		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	The word “everyone” is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “it seems that everyone is a friend” or “almost everyone is a friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1111	19:7	vs3i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This phrase is an exclamation to show that this is more likely than the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “therefore his friends will certainly hate him and go far away from him!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1112	19:8	ll4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the person is referred to by his “life” to emphasize himself being alive. Alternate translation: “loves himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1113	19:8	v9e9				0	“has understanding”
1114	19:9	phm9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives		0	This can be written in positive and active form. See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 19:5. Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1115	19:9	a1nm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 6:19. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1116	19:10	f4zn				0	“It is not right”
1117	19:10	pq5q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “it is” and “fitting” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “it is much less fitting for a slave” or “it is even worse for a slave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1118	19:11	ah27				0	“A person who has discretion is slow to become angry”
1119	19:11	j1li				0	This means to know what should be done in a particular situation. See how you translated this word in Proverbs 1:4.
1120	19:11	p96c				0	“it will bring him glory to overlook” or “others will consider it honorable if he overlooks”
1121	19:11	gc21				0	to forget on purpose
1122	19:12	vbv5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Here the lion’s roaring refers to attacking. The wrath of a king is compared to the unpredictable and dangerous attack of a young lion. Alternate translation: “The wrath of the king is as dangerous as the attack of a young lion” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1123	19:12	m29g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The favor of the king is compared to the refreshing water that appears on grass in the morning. Alternate translation: “but his favor is refreshing like dew on grass” or “but his favor is refreshing like the dew on the ground in the morning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1124	19:13	v325				0	“will ruin a father”
1125	19:13	s1nw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of an annoying wife as if she were the constant dripping of water. Alternate translation: “a quarreling wife is as annoying and distracting as a constant dripping of water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1126	19:13	l7wk				0	“an arguing wife” or “a disagreeing wife”
1127	19:14	t54q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Children inherit a house and wealth from their parents” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1128	19:14	csr4				0	See how you translated this word in Proverbs 12:23.
1129	19:14	jw8q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gives a prudent wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1130	19:15	ye6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This speaks of how laziness causes a person to sleep a lot as if laziness forcefully throws the person into sleep. Alternate translation: “Laziness makes a person sleep a lot” or “A lazy person sleeps a lot” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1131	19:15	jcb5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom which means to not eat. Alternate translation: “not eat” or “be hungry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1132	19:16	xr2k				0	“the command that he was taught”
1133	19:16	v2yl				0	“protects his life”
1134	19:16	ik59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom which refers to how he lives. Alternate translation: “the way that he lives” or “how he lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1135	19:17	zw6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. Alternate translation: “The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1136	19:17	qx9d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1137	19:18	nw29		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “while he is young” or “while he can still be taught” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1138	19:18	md5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Possible meanings are (1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or (2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1139	19:18	hky1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. Alternate translation: “be determined to put him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1140	19:19	n85t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom refers to a person who is easily angered. Alternate translation: “A person who does not control his temper” or “A person who becomes angry quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1141	19:19	f2vs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “must bear the consequences of his anger” or “must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1142	19:19	s1da		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	“if you save him.” This refers to rescuing him when he has acted out of his anger. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if you rescue him after he has had an outburst” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1143	19:19	dnq3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal		0	“another time” or “again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1144	19:20	gby8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases mean basically the same and are repeated to emphasize how important it is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1145	19:20	egn7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Here “listening” does not mean to merely listen, but to learn from the advice you are given and to follow it. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to advice” or “Follow advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1146	19:21	c7qg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the “heart” is used to refer to the “mind” to emphasize a person’s desire. Alternate translation: “in a person’s mind” or “that a person desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1147	19:21	f82d				0	“Yahweh’s purpose” or “Yahweh’s plans”
1148	19:21	q568		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means to “happen.” Alternate translation: “that will happen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1149	19:23	x7qy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This means that they will live a long time if they honor Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who honor Yahweh will live a long time; anyone who honors Yahweh will be satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1150	19:23	h31x				0	Here the word “it” refers to “honor for Yahweh.”
1151	19:23	gyg5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “satisfied; nothing will harm him” or “satisfied; he will be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1152	19:24	wf2e				0	See how you translated this word in Proverbs 10:26.
1153	19:24	r5yj				0	“dips his hand in the dish” or “puts his hand in his plate.” In the Biblical culture people usually ate with their hands as people do in many cultures today.
1154	19:24	r3ts		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	He does not bring his hand back to his mouth because he is too lazy. Alternate translation: “but he is too lazy to bring his hand up to his mouth to feed himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1155	19:25	svj3				0	“If you strike a mocker, the naive person”
1156	19:25	k69j				0	“Punish a mocker”
1157	19:25	zh2b				0	“inexperienced person” or “immature person”
1158	19:25	v49d				0	See how you translated this word in Proverbs 12:23.
1159	19:25	m391				0	“if you discipline one who is discerning,”
1160	19:25	wwq5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as “know.” Alternate translation: “he will know more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1161	19:26	g233		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Possible meanings are (1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or (2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1162	19:27	n4av		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “listening and obeying” is spoken of as if it were “hearing.” Alternate translation: “If you stop paying attention to instruction” or “If you stop obeying instruction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1163	19:27	s24z				0	“you will abandon” or “you will turn your back on”
1164	19:27	y3ln				0	“knowledge”
1165	19:28	d2w1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of how wicked people enjoy doing evil by saying that they swallow iniquity as easily as they swallow food. Alternate translation: “the wicked enjoy doing evil as much as they enjoy eating food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1166	19:28	aq9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The phrase “the mouth of the wicked” represents wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people swallow” or “the wicked swallow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1167	19:28	g9y4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1168	19:29	d4f3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The words “condemnation” and “flogging” may be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is ready to condemn mockers and to flog” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1169	19:29	ray2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “is ready” are understood from the previous phrase and may be repeated. Alternate translation: “flogging is ready for the backs of fools” or “he is ready to flog the backs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1170	19:29	r21d				0	beating with a whip or stick
1171	20:intro	e8g2				0	Proverbs 20 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1172	20:1	p893		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1173	20:1	v7zx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “wine” refers to the person who is drunk with wine. Alternate translation: “A person who is drunk with wine mocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1174	20:1	qa7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “strong drink” refers to a person who is drunk with strong drink. Alternate translation: “a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1175	20:1	c6m7				0	a person who fights noisily, usually in a public place
1176	20:1	ne6h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whoever drinks until they can no longer think clearly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1177	20:1	g7rv				0	Here “drink” refers to alcoholic drinks
1178	20:1	k4sv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This means the opposite of “wise” which is “foolish.” Alternate translation: “is foolish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1179	20:2	p628		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This compares how people fear a king’s wrath to how they fear a young roaring lion. Alternate translation: “The king’s wrath makes people as afraid as if they were facing a young lion roaring at them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1180	20:2	xa6x				0	“makes the king angry”
1181	20:2	rl5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	This refers to being killed. “Life” here refers to physical life. Alternate translation: “will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1182	20:3	ru7h				0	“It is honorable.” This means that a person will be honored.
1183	20:3	gf5b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of entering an argument quickly as if the argument were something the fool physically jumped into. Alternate translation: “every fool quickly gets into an argument” or “every fool is quick to join an argument” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1184	20:4	cva3				0	to prepare land for planting
1185	20:4	tdr6				0	“during the season for planting crops”
1186	20:4	z5wi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This means that there will be nothing growing in his field for him to harvest. Alternate translation: “but will have nothing to harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1187	20:5	f8de		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This speaks of how difficult it is to understand the reasons for a person’s actions by comparing it to the difficulty of reaching the water in a deep well. Alternate translation: “It is as difficult to understand the purpose in the human heart as it is to reach the water in a deep well” or “The purpose of in the human heart is very difficult to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1188	20:5	qr3j				0	“a person who has understanding”
1189	20:5	fk7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of figuring out the purpose of the human heart as if it was water being drawn from a deep well. Alternate translation: “will cause the purpose to be known” or “will figure it out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1190	20:6	lmq9				0	“is faithful” or “is trustworthy”
1191	20:6	xut9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The implicit answer is “few can find someone like that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “but few men can find a person who is faithful!” or “but it is hard to find a person who really is faithful!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1192	20:7	s7th		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here walking refers to living. See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 19:1. Alternate translation: “lives by his integrity” or “lives an honest life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1193	20:7	y2ed		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This simply means that they “follow after him” since they are younger than he and his children. If this phrase is awkward in your language it may be left to be implied. Alternate translation: “his sons after him” or “his sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1194	20:8	j9up		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of the king judging between various types of evil as if he were separating them as a person winnows grain. Alternate translation: “sees and sorts the different kinds of evils that are brought before him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1195	20:9	p5m8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The implicit answer to this question is, “No one can say that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can say that his heart is clean and that he is free from sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1196	20:9	s43m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here a person’s “heart” refers to his thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1197	20:9	d5hx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person where physically clean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1198	20:9	xb5x				0	“I am without sin” or “I have not sinned”
1199	20:11	yym3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People know a young man by his actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1200	20:11	m4db				0	“whether his conduct is pure and upright or not”
1201	20:11	xm83				0	“his deeds” or “what he does”
1202	20:11	we5b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how good this young person is. They can be combined into one word if necessary. Alternate translation: “pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1203	20:13	h9et		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The phrase “come to” here means to transition into a new situation; to become. Alternate translation: “become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1204	20:13	ee3x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “opening one’s eyes” is spoken of as “being awake.” Alternate translation: “stay awake” or “be alert” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1205	20:14	zh4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here a buyer is criticizing what someone is selling to get a low price from him. After he buys he boasts about the good price that he pursuaded the seller to give him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “‘Bad! Bad!’ says the buyer criticizing the seller’s wares, but after he buys he goes away he boasting about the low price that he paid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1206	20:15	cv2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of the value of lips of knowledge by comparing them to a precious jewel. Alternate translation: “lips of knowledge are as valuable as an expensive jewel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1207	20:15	tt4d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “words” are referred to as “lips.” Alternate translation: “wise words” or “words of knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1208	20:16	sn35		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	When lending money, the lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1209	20:16	cv1m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. It means that someone gives something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. Alternate translation: “guarantees that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “promises to pay a loan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1210	20:16	e647		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1211	20:17	zi4r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bread that someone gained by deceit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1212	20:17	gjt2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “deceit” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “by deceiving others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1213	20:17	lnt5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “Food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1214	20:17	fz1i				0	“tastes good”
1215	20:17	tu5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of the food tasting unpleasant as if his mouth were actually full of gravel instead of food. Alternate translation: “but afterwards it tastes like gravel in his mouth” or “but soon it tastes like sand in his mouth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1216	20:17	du9w				0	small pieces of rock
1217	20:18	mjl4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People establish plans based on advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1218	20:19	i4ch				0	This means someone who gossips a lot.
1219	20:19	i2mb				0	“you should not be friends with”
1220	20:20	v9ff				0	This means if a someone express a desire that bad things will happen to someone else.
1221	20:20	el23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of a person dying suddenly and unexpectedly as if his life were a lamp snuffed out in the dark. Alternate translation: “his life will end as suddenly as the light of a lamp that is snuffed out in the dark” or “he will die suddenly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1222	20:20	e6a4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his lamp will go out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1223	20:20	un31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This refers to a lamp with a burning flame. Here the lamp’s flame is referred to as the lamp itself. Alternate translation: “the flame of his lamp” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1224	20:20	a13a				0	to cause a flame to go out
1225	20:21	mk5b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to a person receiving his inheritance before he is supposed to receive it. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “before the right time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1226	20:22	pj94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means to do wrong to someone because they have done wrong to you. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1227	20:22	ti5g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means to have faith that Yahweh will deal with the situation. Alternate translation: “Have faith in Yahweh” or “Hope in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1228	20:23	x2rc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize how bad this is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1229	20:24	re6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh directs a person’s steps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1230	20:24	i9ej		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This refers to the various things a person does. Alternate translation: “A person’s actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1231	20:24	mfy9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The implicit answer is that he cannot understand it. This rhetorical question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, a person cannot understand his way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1232	20:24	s44t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. The phrase “his way” refers to the person’s life. Alternate translation: “understand why some things happen in his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1233	20:25	qfw5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of something being dangerous as if it were a trap or a snare. Alternate translation: “It is dangerous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1234	20:25	x37x				0	to say something quickly and without careful consideration of what it might mean
1235	20:25	tt8z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The person has made a vow declaring that something is holy and dedicated to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “dedicating it to Yahweh” or “declaring it holy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1236	20:26	cgd9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of the king separating the wicked people as if they were grain that he was winnowing. Alternate translation: “separates the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1237	20:26	m44h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” or “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1238	20:26	rs2y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of the king punishing the wicked as if he were driving a threshing wheel over them. Alternate translation: “he severely punishes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1239	20:26	sy6b				0	“threshing cart.” This is a tool used to crush grain and help separate it from the chaff.
1240	20:27	x5vx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of a person’s spirit as if it were a lamp. A person’s spirit helps him to understand his inner self. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given us a spirit to understand our deepest selves, just as a lamp makes you see in the dark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1241	20:28	f9he		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The king preserves himself by being trustworthy and faithful to the covenant” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1242	20:28	dyd6				0	keep the king safe from harm
1243	20:28	dym8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “throne” represents the king’s power to rule. The abstract noun “love” can be stated as a verb. Also, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a king ensures that he will rule for a long time by loving others” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1244	20:30	g7u1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both statements mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. Using physical punishment to correct a person is spoken of as if the evil were dirt and the beatings cleansed him. Alternate translation: “Beating a person who has done wrong will correct him and cause him to be a better person” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1245	21:intro	ge8s				0	Proverbs 21 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1246	21:1	w5md		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the king’s heart as if it were an irrigation ditch in a dry area through which people direct water to plants that need it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh controls the king’s heart as a man directs water for irrigation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1247	21:1	t1m8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The heart is a metaphor for what a person thinks and what he wants to do. Alternate translation: “The king’s thoughts and actions” or “What the king thinks and what he wants to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1248	21:2	yz3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if it that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “Every person thinks that what he does is good” or “Every person judges what he does as good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1249	21:2	xmb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh deciding whether a person desires to do what is right as if Yahweh were looking at a physical object and deciding whether it is of good quality. Alternate translation: “who will judge the motives” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1250	21:3	qs6t				0	“To do what Yahweh thinks is right”
1251	21:3	ezq6				0	“To treat people the way Yahweh wants people to treat other people”
1252	21:3	f31f				0	“just—Yahweh wants this more”
1253	21:4	ps7v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The words “eyes” and “heart” are synecdoches for a person who considers himself better than other people and wants other people to know it. Alternate translation: “People who want others to think that they are better than other people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1254	21:4	xvr4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1255	21:4	gk4s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1256	21:4	y68u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The things that help the wicked are spoken of as a lamp. Alternate translation: “the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1257	21:5	mmd8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “a diligent man” or “a man who works hard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1258	21:5	xi4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “only becomes poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1259	21:6	vsi8				0	“Gaining wealth”
1260	21:6	bc5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The tongue is a metonym for the words a person uses the tongue to speak. Alternate translation: “speaking lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1261	21:6	w3kd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer likens the riches a person gains by lying to a mist that quickly goes away in the morning. Alternate translation: “a disappearing mist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1262	21:6	l9ag		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the riches that a person gains by lying as if it were the bait in a hunter’s trap; the word “snare” is a metonym for the bait that attracts the animal into the snare. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1263	21:7	zn7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks as though violence were a person who could drag other people away. God will punish wicked people who harm their innocent neighbors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1264	21:7	ce4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “violence” refers to violent deeds or things people do to harm their innocent neighbors. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “The violent actions of wicked people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1265	21:7	i5j5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This phrase refers to dragging a net through water to catch fish. The wicked being destroyed by their own actions is spoken of as if their actions trapped them in a net like one would catch fish. AT “drag them away like fish” or “destroy them as easily as one catches fish in a net” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1266	21:8	qgr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This compares the way one lives to a crooked road one may travel. This is also an idiom. Alternate translation: “The way a guilty person lives is crooked” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1267	21:8	y9c2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “crooked” means bent or not straight. This is a metaphor for morally wrong. Alternate translation: “wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1268	21:9	gff3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1269	21:9	j9e1				0	“wife who often argues and complains”
1270	21:10	x3rs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of a person’s appetite, the physical desire for food and drink, as if it were a person who could desire something. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil people, and the word “evil” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil deeds. Alternate translation: “Evil people desire to do evil deeds just as they desire to eat and drink” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1271	21:10	a2dz				0	desires strongly
1272	21:10	d5qd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The idiom to “find favor” means to have someone approve of and act kindly towards the one who finds favor. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents a person’s thoughts and attitude towards another person. Alternate translation: “his neighbor does not receive favor from him” or “he does not act kindly towards his neighbor” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1273	21:11	rd8s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone punishes the mocker” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1274	21:11	a11r				0	“those who have no experience” or “those who are not mature”
1275	21:11	a6a5				0	“the person who mocks others”
1276	21:11	m512		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone instructs the wise person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1277	21:11	ylu9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1278	21:12	t3bj				0	Possible meanings are (1) any righteous person or (2) “Yahweh the one who is righteous.”
1279	21:12	bc3u				0	“pays careful attention to the house” “looks to see what happens to the house”
1280	21:12	tem1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here disaster is spoken of as if it were a place that someone could be brought to. Alternate translation: “he destroys them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1281	21:13	uc5n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1282	21:13	iv38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “answered” is a metonym for a person hearing another person ask for help and acting to help. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will do anything to help him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1283	21:14	h1vz				0	“makes an angry person feel better so he is no longer angry”
1284	21:15	p2ln		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “justice” can be translated as a noun phrase. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When rulers do what is just” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1285	21:16	cj4z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “no longer lives wisely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1286	21:16	t6m2				0	“he will remain in the assembly of dead spirits”
1287	21:18	mh2v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “ransom” is a metaphor for one person who takes the place of another person. Here the person who does what is wrong is punished instead of the person who does what is right. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1288	21:18	qt7k				0	a person who harms those who trust him by lying and otherwise dealing falsely
1289	21:18	n28n				0	“righteous people” or “honest people” or “just people”
1290	21:20	r84p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wise person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1291	21:20	nw25				0	“uses it all for no good purpose” or “wastes it”
1292	21:22	d84j				0	“climbs up and over the wall that surrounds the city”
1293	21:22	v5jk				0	“a city in which mighty men are living” or “a city of mighty warriors”
1294	21:22	p6cm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he destroys” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1295	21:22	w292				0	“the walls and towers around the city that they did not think anyone would be able to get past into the city, so they felt safe”
1296	21:23	xw3q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	Both “mouth” and “tongue” refer to what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whoever is careful in what he says” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1297	21:24	c77j				0	“You can expect a proud and haughty people to act with arrogant pride”
1298	21:24	m76a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful the person is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1299	21:24	rf25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “name” is a metonym for what people would call him. Alternate translation: “a mocker is what you should call him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1300	21:25	pzb9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of what a person wants as if it were a person who could kill a lazy person. Here the lazy person wants to be idle and not work. Alternate translation: “A lazy person only wants to be idle, and because of that he will die” or “A lazy person will die because he does not want to work” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1301	21:25	dt4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he refuses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1302	21:26	vgt6				0	desires strongly
1303	21:26	es9x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	The phrase “does not hold back” can be stated positively, and what he gives can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gives everything he should” or “gives generously” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1304	21:27	fq9a				0	The writer does not mention Yahweh here, as in Proverbs 15:8, but the reader should understand that it is Yahweh who detests the sacrifice of the wicked.
1305	21:27	l3le		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The nominal adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” or “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1306	21:27	iy31				0	“Yahweh detests the sacrifice even more”
1307	21:28	h8d4				0	This is because people will never forget what he said.
1308	21:29	z6tg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Possible meanings are (1) “pretends to be courageous” or (2) “will not listen to correction.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1309	21:29	ts1r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person’s actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which the person walks. Alternate translation: “is certain about what he does” or “is confident about what he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1310	21:30	n8kt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The words “there is” are repeated to emphasize the abstract nouns “wisdom,” “understanding,” and “advice.” Yahweh is greater than anything that anyone can know or think or say. Your language may require that you not repeat “there is no.” The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “There is no wise person, there is no one who understands anything, and there is no one who tells others what to do who” or “There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1311	21:30	k3pe				0	“defeat Yahweh” or “work against what Yahweh wants to do” or “show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong”
1312	21:31	j1hq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1313	21:31	i6w8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The word “day” refers to time that may be longer or shorter than a day. Alternate translation: “when there is a battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1314	22:intro	t5zj				0	Proverbs 22 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the “Wise Men.” The exact identity of the men is unknown. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Rhetorical questions With this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1315	22:1	but9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose a good name rather than great riches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1316	22:1	m8c7				0	“To have others think that one is a good person”
1317	22:3	nt9p				0	“A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense.” See how you translated “prudent” in Proverbs 12:16.
1318	22:3	cm2a				0	“the inexperienced and immature”
1319	22:5	e8f6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the way perverse people live as if it were a path on which the perverse will have trouble because of the natural “thorns” and man-made “snares.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1320	22:5	r2h1				0	traps to catch animals
1321	22:5	dku9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “perverse people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1322	22:5	f1ap		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person doing what he needs to do so he can live a long time is spoken of as if that person were keeping thieves away from a physical object. Alternate translation: “people who want to live a long time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1323	22:6	je4e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	How a person lives is spoken of as if it were a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “how he should live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1324	22:7	dk14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. Alternate translation: “borrows money … lends money” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1325	22:8	l36j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. Alternate translation: “If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1326	22:8	htf6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. Possible meanings are (1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or (2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1327	22:8	yu9g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. The unjust man was harming innocent people as if he were very angry with them. Alternate translation: “the rod he had used as if he were punishing people” or “the power he used to harm others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1328	22:8	kpt4				0	The word translated “fade away” is also used of plants drying up.
1329	22:9	nxi8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who has a generous eye” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1330	22:9	zhf7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The eye is a metonym for seeing what other people need, and the “generous eye” not only sees but gives what the other people need. The eye is also a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “generous person” or “person who is willing to give things to other people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1331	22:9	vs46		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, it is often used to refer to food in general. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1332	22:10	t6nt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “disputes” and “insults” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “people will no longer argue with each other or say things to hurt each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1333	22:11	xzb6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	It is his own heart that the person wants to be pure. The heart is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “loves having a pure heart” or “wants to be pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1334	22:11	tlq4				0	“is kind”
1335	22:12	swt2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The eyes are a synecdoche for the person. The writer speaks as if Yahweh had physical eyes like a person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh keeps watch over” or “Yahweh guards knowledge” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1336	22:12	s2lr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Keeping watch is s metonym for protecting. Alternate translation: “protect knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1337	22:12	zw3l				0	“he destroys”
1338	22:12	q7yt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The nominal adjective treacherous can be translated as a noun phrase. Translate “treacherous” as in Proverbs 11:3. Alternate translation: “a treacherous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1339	22:13	jg67				0	The quote that follows is a lie and an excuse for not working. If your language introduces false statements in a special way, you can use that here.
1340	22:14	eq5h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “mouth” is a metonym for the words that come out of the mouth. The writer speaks of a person being unable to escape having people punish him for evil deeds as if that person had fallen into a hole someone had dug in the ground from which he could not escape. Alternate translation: “The words spoken by an adulteress will draw you in, and it will be as if you have fallen into a deep and dangerous pit” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1341	22:14	xrc5				0	See how you translated this in Proverbs 5:3.
1342	22:14	l326		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “stirred up” means that his anger increased. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1343	22:14	fin1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Adultery is spoken of as if it is something that a person can fall into. Alternate translation: “sins because of the adulteress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1344	22:15	fuj4				0	“The heart of a child is full of foolish things”
1345	22:15	j283		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The writer speaks of a parent using any form of discipline as if that parent were hitting the child with a wooden rod. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1346	22:15	dk18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks as if foolishness were a person that another person could use a physical rod to drive away. Alternate translation: “will make a child wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1347	22:16	w7rc				0	“to become richer” or “to gain more money”
1348	22:16	fm7f				0	“gives money to rich people”
1349	22:16	d4td		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1350	22:17	nnv4				0	Verse 17 begins the introduction to a new section of the Book of Proverbs.
1351	22:17	lgs9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated “incline your ear” in Proverbs 4:20. Alternate translation: “Pay attention and listen” or “Listen attentively” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1352	22:17	l38x				0	“what wise people say”
1353	22:17	pi8n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1354	22:17	i9n2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The person speaking is probably the same as the father from Proverbs 1:8. He may be speaking of “the words of the wise” as “my knowledge.” The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as “know.” Alternate translation: “the knowledge I have, which I am sharing with you” or “what I know” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1355	22:18	nl9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The person being ready to speak is spoken of as if it were the words that were ready. Alternate translation: “you are able to speak of them at any time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1356	22:19	wr39				0	“today. Yes, I am teaching you,” The speaker is emphasizing that it is the hearer, not someone else whom he is teaching, and he is teaching the hearer because the hearer needs to learn. If it is awkward in your language to emphasize in this way, you can emphasize in another way or the words “even to you” can be left untranslated.
1357	22:20	bb5s				0	These verses continue and end the introduction that began in Proverbs 22:17.
1358	22:20	q77c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants		0	Some translations read, “excellent sayings.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
1359	22:21	q8xu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	These words end the rhetorical question that began with the words “Have I not written” in Proverbs 22:20. It can be translated as a statement. “You need to know that I have written … to teach you … who sent you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1360	22:21	l5jf				0	This implies that the hearer is or will be one whom others send to gain and bring back information.
1361	22:22	y27s				0	These verses begin the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1362	22:22	aq5t				0	If your language has a way of showing that this is the way one person would speak strongly to another, different from a general rule that people are supposed to obey, you should use it here.
1363	22:22	su1v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any poor person” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1364	22:22	tq59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	grind into powder. This is a metaphor for “treat unjustly.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1365	22:22	ws7l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any needy person” or “any person who does not have what he needs to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1366	22:22	z1ia		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The place where people bought and sold items and settled legal arguments is used as a metonym for business and legal activity. Alternate translation: “in court” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1367	22:23	a2vp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will defend the needy from those who oppress them” or “Yahweh will see that the needy receive justice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1368	22:23	m5k2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is not a thief, but like a thief he will take life from those who do not choose to give it. Alternate translation: “he will destroy those who oppress poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1369	22:24	cpi3				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1370	22:24	w16m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	someone who is unable to control his anger (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1371	22:24	cc8z				0	shows violent anger
1372	22:25	s2i8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person who wants to be like an angry person is like an animal taking the bait in a trap. Alternate translation: “you will be like an animal that eats the bait that closes a trap and is unable to escape” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1373	22:25	jh2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The soul is a metonym for the person’s life. Alternate translation: “bait that someone has put out so he can kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1374	22:26	ftq6				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1375	22:26	rnd6				0	A person would strike his hand against another person’s hand to bind himself to do what he had agreed to do. Here the speaker warns the hearer not to strike hands as a way to promise to pay off someone’s debts.
1376	22:26	wt7u				0	“and agree to pay what someone owes to another person”
1377	22:28	tb1b				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1378	22:28	g63s				0	very old
1379	22:28	djq5				0	a large stone that shows where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins
1380	22:28	j4id				0	ancestors
1381	22:29	y4ub		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This rhetorical question is actually a command. Alternate translation: “Think of someone you know who is skilled at his work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1382	22:29	e6ii		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1383	23:intro	eva7				0	Proverbs 23 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1384	23:1	z181				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1385	23:2	lu62		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	Possible meanings of this exaggeration are (1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or (2) “do not eat anything at all” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1386	23:3	zfk9				0	“Do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in Proverbs 21:9.
1387	23:3	zkz5				0	“his special and expensive food”
1388	23:3	tjm2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. “he is giving it to you so he can deceive you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1389	23:4	a4va				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1390	23:4	wh19				0	“Do not work so much that you are always tired”
1391	23:5	n9hd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	land like a bird upon the wealth (verse 4). This is a metaphor for looking at the wealth for a short time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1392	23:5	sp17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person losing his wealth is spoken of as if the wealth were a bird. Alternate translation: “the wealth will disappear as quickly as an eagle can fly away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1393	23:5	ryq4				0	wings like an eagle’s wings
1394	23:6	afl6				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1395	23:6	su9w				0	“do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in Proverbs 21:9.
1396	23:6	jtt7				0	“his special and expensive food.” See how you translated this in Proverbs 23:3.
1397	23:7	lbe8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he really does not want you to enjoy the meal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1398	23:8	aw14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. Alternate translation: “You will wish that you had not eaten anything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1399	23:8	z3l6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. The abstract noun “compliments” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1400	23:9	nk6j				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1401	23:9	u4q5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “hearing” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1402	23:10	iha4				0	very old. See how you translated this in Proverbs 22:28.
1403	23:10	de8r				0	This is a large stone to show where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins. See how you translated this in Proverbs 22:28.
1404	23:10	a9cb				0	This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else.
1405	23:10	n6i1				0	children whose parents are dead
1406	23:11	p1uf				0	Yahweh
1407	23:11	bgi8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “he will defend the orphans against you” or “he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1408	23:12	w7ey				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1409	23:12	pgj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. See how you translated this in Proverbs 22:17. Alternate translation: “Do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1410	23:12	v2r3				0	Possible meanings are (1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or (2) “what people say and do when they correct you.”
1411	23:12	jul6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1412	23:12	gn45				0	“to me when I tell you what I know”
1413	23:13	c9zs				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1414	23:13	qfa7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “instruction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to instruct a child” or “Do not refuse to instruct a child” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1415	23:13	r8dq				0	refuse to give something that one knows another person needs
1416	23:14	jx2r				0	piece of wood
1417	23:14	e27r				0	“You are the one who must beat him … and save his soul.” No one else will do it. The hearer is responsible to save the child’s soul from Sheol, and the way to save him is to beat him.
1418	23:14	z89f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	If the hearer beats his children with the rod, they will not die young because they have done foolish or evil things. The word “soul” is a metonym for the person. Sheol is the world of the dead; going to the world of the dead is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “you will keep him from the world of the dead” or “you will keep him from dying” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1419	23:15	h5yu				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1420	23:16	sij3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	“Your lips” means the whole person. Alternate translation: “when you speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1421	23:17	qz55				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1422	23:17	zgy6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The word “heart” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not allow yourself to envy sinners” or “Make sure you do not envy sinners” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1423	23:18	d3fz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not allow anyone to cut off your hope” or “God will keep the promises he made to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1424	23:19	qj67				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1425	23:19	f128				0	“Listen carefully, my son.” The speaker speaks an extra word to make sure the hearer is paying attention.
1426	23:19	jg2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Deciding to do what is right is spoken of as if one person were showing another person the correct path to follow. Alternate translation: “make sure you do what is wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1427	23:20	sag8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Possible meanings are (1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or (2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1428	23:21	z3sn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The word “slumber” is an exaggeration for a person spending so much time enjoying food and drink that he does not do necessary work. This activity is spoken of as if it were a parent putting clothes on a child. Alternate translation: “because they spend so much time eating and drinking, they will do no work and so will become poor” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1429	23:22	bzi7				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1430	23:22	s9it		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “show respect for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1431	23:23	smm2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	Another possible meaning is “Buy the truth, and do not sell wisdom, instruction, or understanding.” The words “truth,” “wisdom,” “instruction,” and “understanding” are abstract nouns that are spoken of as if they were physical items that a person can buy and sell in a market. They can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “Do what you need to do so you can know what is true, so you can be wise, so you can learn how to act, and so you can tell good from bad; never think of anything else as more important than these things” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1432	23:24	rzg3				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1433	23:24	qls1				0	Another possible meaning is that the words “he that begets a wise child” explain who “the father of the righteous person” is. Alternate translation: “The father of the righteous person, he who begets a wise child, will greatly rejoice and will be glad in him”
1434	23:24	b6a9				0	“will be glad because of him”
1435	23:26	c77m				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1436	23:26	ds3t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. Possible meanings are (1) “pay careful attention” or (2) “trust me completely.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1437	23:26	zdk9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “observe” or “look carefully at” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1438	23:27	b64j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	There are two types of sexually immoral women. The “prostitute” is unmarried, “another man’s wife” is married. Together they form a merism for any kind of sexually immoral woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1439	23:27	y9ln		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “pit” is a metaphor for what happens to men who sleep with prostitutes. Alternate translation: “sleeping with a prostitute is like falling into a deep pit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1440	23:27	i17l				0	Here the word refers to any unmarried woman who engages in sexual activity, not only those who do so for money.
1441	23:27	zt34				0	These are two places easy to fall into and hard to get out of, the “pit” because it is “deep” and the “well” because it is “narrow.”
1442	23:27	fys1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Doing evil for which one will be punished is spoken of as falling into a narrow place from which one cannot escape. Alternate translation: “Sleeping with another man’s wife is like falling into a narrow well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1443	23:27	ezr3				0	a hole in the ground that people have dug to get to water
1444	23:28	x4yu				0	stays hidden, ready to attack when a victim approaches
1445	23:28	ll5s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective or verb. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who harm others by deceiving them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1446	23:29	ek29				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1447	23:29	l7du		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses these questions to prepare the reader for the point he is about to make about a particular type of person. He does not expect an answer to each question. Your language may have a different way of introducing a lesson. Alternate translation: “Listen to me while I tell you what kind of person has woe, sorrow, fights, complaining, wounds for no reason, and bloodshot eyes.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1448	23:29	yw3q				0	“eyes red, like the color of blood”
1449	23:30	kqg7				0	These words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine.
1450	23:30	g2tp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	spend much time drinking wine and so drink much wine (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1451	23:30	t96n				0	Possible meanings are (1) different wines mixed together or (2) other drinks that are stronger than wine.
1452	23:31	v5x1				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1453	23:32	ip9z				0	“After you drink it”
1454	23:32	cr4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “it” refers to “the wine when it is red.” “Bites” and “stings” are metaphors for the way too much wine makes people feel. Alternate translation: “it makes you feel as bad as if a serpent had bitten you or an adder had stung you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1455	23:32	q4ct				0	a type of poisonous snake
1456	23:33	qfg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The “heart” represents the person and emphasize what he thinks and decides to do. Alternate translation: “you will think about and decide to do perverse things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1457	23:33	d1kc				0	things that God says are morally wrong and bad; things that are wicked
1458	23:34	s7qb				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). It is the continuation of the description of a drunk person.
1459	23:34	q7lv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The place on the mast where the person lies can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “lies in the basket near the top of a mast” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1460	23:34	lxy2				0	the long wooden pole to which are attached the sails of a sailing ship
1461	23:35	c4na				0	Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him, yet he feels no pain and cannot remember anything.
1462	23:35	d6ej				0	The drunk person is wondering when he will be sober again; when the effect of the wine will stop.
1463	24:intro	nl8m				0	Proverbs 24 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs. The second half of this chapter finishes the section. Special concepts in this chapter Lazy man story Unlike much of Proverbs, verses 30-34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb. Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1464	24:1	d1dq				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1465	24:2	dw7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The words “their hearts” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1466	24:2	m8px		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The words “their lips” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1467	24:2	es5l				0	“talk about causing harm” or “talk about creating problems”
1468	24:3	f9id				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1469	24:3	hiy4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to be wise if they are to build a good house” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1470	24:3	q4cp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1471	24:3	mq3v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “established” means made stable and strong. The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1472	24:4	ry4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1473	24:5	gah6				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1474	24:5	gya2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as “wise.” Alternate translation: “wise warrior” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1475	24:5	my2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “strength” can be translated as the verb “know” and the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “a man who knows many things is stronger because he knows these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1476	24:6	i9sa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “direction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “if you have wise people telling you what to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1477	24:6	e43z				0	“fight your war”
1478	24:6	nll1				0	those who tell government officials what those officials should do
1479	24:7	ten9				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1480	24:7	r9t9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. “too difficult for a fool to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1481	24:7	e2pv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The mouth is a metonym for the words that come from the mouth. Alternate translation: “speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1482	24:8	f77e				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1483	24:8	f9l9				0	one who is skillful at making evil plans. Alternate translation: “a mischievous person” or “a troublemaker”
1484	24:10	xt51				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1485	24:10	dbq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have very little strength” or “you are certainly weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1486	24:11	t92q				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1487	24:11	xc8k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	These words can be translated in active form by using the term “they” which could be anyone, but are probably government officials. Alternate translation: “those whom they are taking away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1488	24:11	n8k2				0	Another possible meaning is “dragged away.”
1489	24:11	ru95				0	walking unsteadily and almost falling. This word would also describe the way a person walks when he is being dragged away.
1490	24:11	kl46		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “slaughter” can be translated as a verb. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. Alternate translation: “where people will kill them as they would kill animals” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1491	24:12	k5el				0	The writer is answering something that the reader may wrongly be thinking. Alternate translation: “You may say, ‘Behold, … this,’ but does”
1492	24:12	akd7				0	“Listen to us! We” or “But we” or “We have done nothing wrong, because we”
1493	24:12	yi61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the one who weighs the heart understands what you are saying.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1494	24:12	cx5x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	The writer expects the reader to know that “the one” is Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1495	24:12	zda4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and desires. The writer speaks as if what a person thinks and desires were a physical object that a person could weigh, and weighing an object is a metaphor for looking closely at something to see how good it is. Alternate translation: “knows how good what people really think and desire is” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1496	24:12	pa6x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “The one who guards your life knows it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1497	24:12	m55q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “God will give to each one what he deserves.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1498	24:13	q7s6				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1499	24:14	p5t6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	Possible meanings are (1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will take your hope away” or (2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “your hope will surely continue” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1500	24:15	i96h				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1501	24:15	s1ww		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The words “lie in wait” are an idiom. Translate “lie in wait” as in Proverbs 1:11. Alternate translation: “Do not hide and wait for the right time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1502	24:15	g6w6				0	the home of the righteous person
1503	24:16	jrm7				0	“gets back on his feet” or “stands up again”
1504	24:16	k8ly		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks as if “calamity” were a person who could do bad things to other people. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will use calamity to bring down the wicked people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1505	24:16	u49k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is a metaphor of a person who was standing but someone has brought him down to the ground or made him fall. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1506	24:16	ze9b				0	times when bad things happen to people and their property
1507	24:17	rpu6				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1508	24:17	t9ei				0	“something bad happens to your enemy”
1509	24:17	by2h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This is a strong command. The word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “do not allow yourself to be glad” or “stop yourself from being glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1510	24:18	b18i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The words “turn away his wrath” are an idiom for no longer being angry. What Yahweh would do instead can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “stop being angry with him and be angry with you instead” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1511	24:19	yp9l				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1512	24:20	mmf6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of wicked people will end just as a lamp goes out. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1513	24:21	j1fr				0	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20).
1514	24:21	vvr9				0	a deep respect and awe for a person in authority
1515	24:22	jzb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer asks this question to emphasize the disaster. Alternate translation: “no one knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1516	24:22	ub7e				0	these words refer to Yahweh and the king
1517	24:23	jq5s				0	This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs.
1518	24:23	ci6n				0	a situation that is brought before a judge in which someone is accused of breaking the law
1519	24:24	lma6				0	The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will curse whoever says to the wicked person, … , and the people of other nations will hate him”
1520	24:24	rfb9				0	Possible meanings are (1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or (2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime … innocent”
1521	24:25	xwv5				0	“will be very happy”
1522	24:25	ufh1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Gifts are spoken of as if they were people who could move by themselves. The abstract noun “goodness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “people will give them good gifts” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and[[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1523	24:25	uy7d				0	“good things” or “blessings”
1524	24:26	sz6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	A kiss was a sign of respect and devotion in that culture. Alternate translation: “shows true friendship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1525	24:28	u5rp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The lips are a metonym for the words a person speaks. Alternate translation: “by what you say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1526	24:29	cke7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. “take revenge against him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1527	24:31	w3gw				0	useless plants with sharp spines
1528	24:31	j4m7				0	plants that are covered with stinging leaves and hairs
1529	24:31	chw4				0	“had fallen down”
1530	24:32	u9za				0	“learned a lesson”
1531	24:34	d7gx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	This finishes a thought begun with the words “A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest” (Proverbs 24:33). You may need to fill in the omitted words. “You may say to yourself, ‘A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest,’ but then poverty will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1532	24:34	v85w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Some translations read, “poverty comes upon you like a robber.” Poverty is spoken of as if it were a person or animal that can attack a lazy person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1533	24:34	zx1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Needs are spoken of as if they were a person who could attack the lazy person. Alternate translation: “your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1534	25:intro	l94s				0	Proverbs 25 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1535	25:2	x2ec				0	“to keep some things secret”
1536	25:2	cj4p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “but it is the glory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1537	25:2	dg6e				0	“search that matter out” or “search for those things that God has concealed”
1538	25:3	jtp4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The hearts of kings are compared to the size of the heavens and the earth. Alternate translation: “Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1539	25:3	b947				0	This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.
1540	25:4	jgm1				0	the material in a metal that people do not want and they remove by heating the metal
1541	25:5	vvu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The throne is a metonym for the power to rule. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king will establish his throne by doing” or “he will have the power to rule because he does” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1542	25:7	w69g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here “up” means to move to a place at the table that is closer to the king. It is a great honor for a person to sit closer to the king. Alternate translation: “It is better for someone to invite you to sit closer to the king than” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1543	25:7	qf2z				0	“in front of a nobleman”
1544	25:8	t9ug		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question is asked to make the reader consider the possibility that he may have misunderstood the situation. The way in which the neighbor might put the reader to shame can be stated plainly. Alternate translation: “For you will not know what to do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame.” or “For if your neighbor has an explanation, he will put you to shame, and you will have nothing to say to defend yourself.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1545	25:9	lgk7				0	“your disagreement”
1546	25:9	c77l				0	“do not share your neighbor’s secret with other people”
1547	25:10	fr3g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	Here “evil report” refers to harmful things that the person will tell others. The phrase “cannot be silenced” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to stop him from telling other people harmful things about you” or “he will tell people evil things about you and you will never have a good reputation again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1548	25:11	e2ay		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The goodness of “a word spoken at the right time” is spoken of as if it were the physical beauty of “apples of gold in settings of silver.” Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A word spoken at the right time is beautiful like apples of gold in settings of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1549	25:11	sq35				0	The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. Possible meanings are (1) “apples” should be translated as “design.” Alternate translation: “a golden design carved into a silver bowl” or (2) “apples” refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. Alternate translation: “Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl”
1550	25:11	ptu8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “is a message that someone speaks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1551	25:12	ir54		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The value and importance of “a wise rebuke” is spoken of as if it had the beauty and value of gold. Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A wise rebuke to a listening ear is beautiful and valuable like a golden ring or golden jewelry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1552	25:12	i38p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “person who is willing to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1553	25:13	tc4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Here a faithful messenger is being compared to the cold of snow, because both are pleasant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1554	25:13	sxk7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Snow only fell on the tops of mountains, and the harvest took place in hot weather, so this is probably a metaphor for cool, fresh water from a clean stream. If your language has no word for snow, consider “cool, fresh, clean water.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1555	25:13	v57a				0	white flakes of ice that fall from the sky like rain
1556	25:13	z9pn				0	This means he makes his masters, who are weak and tired, to be strong and rested again.
1557	25:14	hbd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Rain was important to the Israelites because only small amounts of it fell, so a cloud without rain was useless and brought disappointment to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “The one who boasts … not give is like clouds and wind without rain” or “The one who boasts … not give is useless and a disappointment, like clouds and wind without rain” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1558	25:15	v2wv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone who is patient can persuade a ruler” or “Someone who is patient can speak to a ruler and change his mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1559	25:15	eed7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “tongue” is a metonym for the words the person speaks using the tongue. The word “bone” is a metaphor for strong opposition. Alternate translation: “gentle speech can overcome strong opposition” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1560	25:16	dc7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Verse 16 states a general principle, and verse 17 gives one specific example. The idea of eating too much honey and then vomiting it up is a metaphor for taking too much of any good thing and regretting it later. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1561	25:18	r378		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	A false witness is compared to three weapons that can hurt or kill people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1562	25:19	p8jx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	A foolish man is compared to a part of the body that causes trouble for a person. Alternate translation: “Trusting in an unfaithful man in time of trouble will bring you pain like a bad tooth or a foot that slips” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1563	25:20	j5q4				0	This is a kind of mineral that hisses and bubbles violently when it comes into contact with acids like vinegar. Many translations translate this phrase as “a wound.”
1564	25:20	ef6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	You may need to make explicit what kind of songs the singer sings. Alternate translation: “sings happy songs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1565	25:20	z9sh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “a sad person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1566	25:22	eb7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cause him to have a guilty conscience and be ashamed of what he has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1567	25:23	xj7i				0	In Israel, wind from the north often brought rain. Translators are free to substitute different kinds of wind for the same effect, for example, “a cold wind.”
1568	25:23	z36v				0	Some versions read “someone who tells secrets.”
1569	25:23	gn4t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The face is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “makes other people so angry you can see it in their faces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1570	25:24	siz4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1571	25:24	urg5				0	a wife who often argues or complains
1572	25:25	p4p8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Cold water is compared to good news that is both refreshing and delightful. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1573	25:26	p3dy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1574	25:26	tiq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Tottering is a metaphor for either (1) refusing to fight wicked people or (2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1575	25:26	fe9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. Alternate translation: “unable to stand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1576	25:26	e13r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Possible meanings are (1) “when wicked people attack him” or (2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1577	25:27	h7jf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1578	25:27	x6in		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “It is a bad thing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1579	25:27	ea11				0	“that is like always thinking about how others should honor you.” The meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some versions of the Bible translate this as “that is like speaking too many compliments to people.”
1580	25:28	gl3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Both a person without self-control and a city without walls are weak and vulnerable. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1581	25:28	jh45				0	“whose walls an army has knocked down and destroyed”
1582	26:intro	juh9				0	Proverbs 26 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1583	26:1	w8yc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Normally snow does not fall during the summer and rain does not fall during the harvest. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Just as it would be very strange to have snow in summer or rain during the harvest” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1584	26:2	kdg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	A curse that does not harm a person is spoken of as if it were a bird that does not land. Alternate translation: “so an undeserved curse does not land on its mark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1585	26:2	mf19		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “a curse on a person who does not deserve it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1586	26:2	t3fg				0	land on someone or something
1587	26:3	v3b7				0	A whip, a bridle, and a rod are things that people use to make the horse, donkey, and fool do what they want.
1588	26:3	le7r				0	A bridle is made of straps. People put it on a donkey’s head and hold one of the straps to make the donkey go the way they want it to go.
1589	26:3	q1bg				0	In the Bible, people would hit their children or their slaves with a wooden rod in order to discipline them.
1590	26:5	rz54				0	Joining in on a fool’s folly when answering him represents answering him in a foolish way. Alternate translation: “Answer a fool according to his folly” or “Answer a fool foolishly”
1591	26:5	q48w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “so that he will not become wise according to his judgement” or “so that he does not consider himself to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1592	26:6	ang1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the hand represents the fool’s responsibility to deliver the message. Alternate translation: “Whoever sends a fool to deliver a message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1593	26:6	ife4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Cutting off one’s own feet is an exaggeration for harming one’s self. Alternate translation: “harms himself like a person who cuts off his own feet and drinks violence” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1594	26:6	a1zc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Violence is spoken of as if it were a poisonous liquid that someone might drink. Alternate translation: “harms himself by being violent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1595	26:7	h8yx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is like the legs of a paralytic which hang down” or “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as useless as the legs of a paralytic which hang down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1596	26:7	m6mr				0	a person who is unable to move or feel all or part of his body
1597	26:7	nq9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1598	26:8	vhn4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	In order to throw a stone very far, people put it into a sling and swing the sling so that the stone will fly from it very quickly. The result of tying a stone in a sling can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1599	26:8	fy3g				0	“honoring a fool”
1600	26:9	l82z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	How the two are alike can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as dangerous as a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1601	26:9	z794		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Possible meanings are (1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or (2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word “thorn” represents a thornbush. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1602	26:9	q3gg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1603	26:10	lu8m				0	“gives a job to a fool”
1604	26:11	dgd2				0	“As a dog eats its own vomit”
1605	26:12	cxr5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question is used to lead the reader to think about someone who is wise in his own eyes. The phrase “is wise in his own eyes” means “thinks he is wise,” and here it implies that the person is not truly wise. Alternate translation: “Consider the person who thinks he is wise but is not.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1606	26:12	n43z				0	“A fool can become wise more easily than he can”
1607	26:13	y1yv				0	The lazy person lies and says that he cannot go outside and work because there is a lion on the road or between the open places.
1608	26:13	xyz8				0	See how you translated this in Proverbs 22:13.
1609	26:13	ufn8				0	This refers to the places in town where there is a lot of room for people to walk around or where people gather. Alternate translation: “the town plazas” or “the streets”
1610	26:14	bfi2				0	metal pieces that attach a door to something and allow it to open and close
1611	26:14	uv1d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Both the door and the lazy person move, but they do not go anywhere. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1612	26:15	j4ce				0	“puts his hand into the dish to get food” or “reaches for food”
1613	26:15	x6us		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This is an exaggeration for doing necessary work that would clearly do him good. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1614	26:16	e6pb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The phrase “his own eyes” represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “The lazy person thinks he is wiser than seven men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1615	26:17	xh36		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A passerby who becomes angry at some other people’s dispute is like a person who grabs hold of a dog’s ears” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1616	26:17	z69e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The implied information is that the dog will get angry and bite the person. Alternate translation: “Like a person who angers a dog by grabbing its ears” or “Like a person who grabs a dog’s ears and is bitten by the dog” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1617	26:17	ul2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The implied information is that the passerby will start arguing, and the people who were fighting will get angry with him and hurt him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1618	26:19	kd8e				0	Both the “madman” (Proverbs 26:18) and the one who deceives hurt people but do not take responsibility for it.
1619	26:19	g1qd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The deceiver uses this question to imply that since he his joke was only for fun, he should not be blamed for any harm he has caused. Alternate translation: “I did nothing wrong. I was only telling a joke.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1620	26:20	ivv3				0	a person who gossips a lot
1621	26:21	l2ug		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	What charcoal does to coals and what wood does to fire can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “As charcoal helps coals burn and as wood helps fire burn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1622	26:21	ud8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	To kindle something means to set it on fire. Setting strife on fire is a metaphor for causing people to fight or argue. Alternate translation: “causing people to fight” or “causing people to argue” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1623	26:22	ye74		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This speaks of gossip being desirable to listen to as if it were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1624	26:22	rb3s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of the words that a gossip says going into a person’s mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. This sentence is equivalent to Proverbs 18:8. Alternate translation: “and they enter a person’s mind and affect his thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1625	26:23	i9mz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This simile means that a person who says things to hide the evil in their heart are like a earthen vessel covered in glaze to make it look good. These phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “People who have burning lips and an evil heart are like an earthen vessel covered with glaze” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1626	26:23	ky5d				0	“the shiny glaze that covers a clay pot.” A clay pot is cheap and common. So people covered it was a glaze to make it shiny and appear more expensive.
1627	26:23	u5wy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This represents a person who has burning lips and an evil heart. Alternate translation: “so is a person who has burning lips and an evil heart” or “so is a person who says nice things but whose heart is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1628	26:23	s94p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “burning” is a metaphor for “strongly emotional” and the word “lips” is a metonym for “speech.” Alternate translation: “emotional speech” or “saying nice things” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1629	26:23	p5hf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The heart represents a person’s thoughts, attitudes, desires, or feelings. Alternate translation: “evil thoughts” or “evil desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1630	26:24	rhg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Disguising his feelings represents keeping people from knowing what his feelings are. The phrase “his lips” is a metonym for what he says. Alternate translation: “hides his feelings with what he says” or “speaks in such a way that people cannot know his true feelings” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1631	26:24	qu8b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Being deceitful is spoken of as if he were storing deceit within himself. Possible meanings are that “deceit” refers to lies. Alternate translation: (1) “he likes his many lies” or (2) deceit refers secret plans to harm people. Alternate translation: “he secretly plans to harm people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1632	26:25	f4gf				0	“but do not believe what he says”
1633	26:25	q7ln		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The number seven represents completeness. Possible meanings are (1) “abominations” refers to attitudes that God hates. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hateful things” or (2) “abominations” refers to his hatred for people. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hatred” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1634	26:26	iv6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated actively. Alternate translation: “Though deception covers his hatred” or “Though he covers his hatred with deception” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1635	26:26	d99d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Keeping people from knowing that he hates them is spoken of as covering his hatred. Alternate translation: “Though he lies to keep people from knowing that he hates them” or “Though he lies so that people will not know that he hates them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1636	26:26	slh6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Being exposed represents being discovered or becoming known. Alternate translation: “his wickedness will become known in the assembly” or “the assembly will discover his wickedness” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1637	26:26	d2jn				0	“the community of Israel”
1638	26:27	sg61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that the person digs the pit as a trap so that someone will fall into it. Alternate translation: “Whoever digs a pit to trap someone will fall into it” or “If someone digs a pit in order to trap someone, the one who dug it will fall into it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1639	26:27	nj1w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that the person pushed a large stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone there. Alternate translation: “if someone pushed a stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone, the stone will roll back on him instead” or “if someone maked a stone roll so that it would hurt someone, the stone will crush him instead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1640	26:28	wvw9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The phrase “a lying tongue” represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. Alternate translation: “A liar hates those he hurts by his lies” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1641	26:28	dfi2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The phrase “a flattering mouth” represents a person who flatters people. Possible meanings are (1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or (2) a person who flatters others ruins them (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1642	26:28	qp8a				0	praising someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praising someone about things that are not true
1643	27:intro	ec7g				0	Proverbs 27 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1644	27:1	f85w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This is a warning not to brag about what you expect to happen tomorrow. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak proudly about your plans for tomorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1645	27:1	t368		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Something happening on a certain day is spoken of as if the day were to bring that event. Alternate translation: “what will happen on a day” or “what will happen tomorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1646	27:2	cyj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. They can be repeated. Here a person is represented by his “mouth” and “lips” because those are the parts of the body used to speak. Alternate translation: “and do not let your own mouth praise you … and do not let your own lips praise you” or “and do not praise yourself … and do not praise yourself” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1647	27:2	jhl7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. The words can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “let a stranger praise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1648	27:3	snl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The difficulty of being patient with a fool who provokes you is spoken of as if that difficulty were heavy. Alternate translation: “the provocation of a fool is harder to tolerate than either of them” or “It is harder to be patient when a fool provokes you than it is to be patient while carrying them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1649	27:3	hs8d				0	“the trouble caused by a fool.” “Provocation” means actions or words that cause anger or irritation.
1650	27:4	j57v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “rage”, “anger” and “jealousy” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “A raging person is cruel and an angry person is overwhelming, but who can stand before a jealous person?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1651	27:4	l3ui				0	“harshness”
1652	27:4	srl1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“the destructiveness of anger.” Anger is spoken of here as if it were a powerful flood. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1653	27:4	nh38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question implies that no one can stand before jealousy. It can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “but no one is able to stand before jealousy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1654	27:4	inj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here standing represents being strong and resisting being harmed by a jealous person who attacks. Alternate translation: “to resist a jealous person” or “to remain strong when a jealous person attacks him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1655	27:5	yva8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “rebuke” can be expressed with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “It is better to be openly rebuked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1656	27:5	pz3x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	“than love that is not openly shown.” The abstract noun “love” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “than to be loved secretly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1657	27:6	d5v5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“The wounds that a friend causes are trustworthy.” The word “wounds” here represents the pain and sadness that a person feels when a friend rebukes or corrects him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1658	27:6	uw1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The trustworthiness of a friend’s rebuke is spoken of as if the sadness that his rebuke causes is trustworthy. Alternate translation: “Though it causes sadness, a friend’s rebuke is trustworthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1659	27:6	wzd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It can be stated clearly that the enemy’s kisses are not trustworthy. Alternate translation: “but the enemy’s many kisses are not trustworthy” or “but an enemy may try to deceive you by kissing you profusely” or (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1660	27:6	d2u7				0	“abundantly” or “too many times”
1661	27:7	diy7				0	“A person who is satisfied” or “A person who has eaten enough to be full”
1662	27:7	v4fr				0	A honeycomb would normally be desirable, but not to the person who has already eaten enough to be satisfied.
1663	27:7	aj75				0	“everything that is bitter tastes sweet”
1664	27:8	tmr6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The words “wanders” and “strays” mean the same thing in this verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1665	27:9	p2m8				0	The word “perfume” here means a desirable oil or ointment.
1666	27:9	zj6k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “the heart” represents the feelings or emotions of a person. Alternate translation: “make a person feel joyful” or “make a person glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1667	27:9	fa3b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) “sweetness” represents kindness. Alternate translation: “we recognize our friend’s kindness by his counsel” or (2) “sweetness” represents what we appreciate about a person. Alternate translation: “what we appreciate about a friend is his advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1668	27:10	c6gz				0	Here the word “brother” is a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group.
1669	27:10	zin1				0	extreme troubles and misfortune
1670	27:11	v2t7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the “heart” represents the person’s feelings or emotions. Alternate translation: “make me feel joyful” or “make me glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1671	27:11	sv31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here “answer” does not mean to answer a question. It means to respond or to reply to someone who is mocking. How this relates to the clause before it can be made clear. AT “then I will reply to the one who mocks me by telling him about you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1672	27:11	gm95				0	makes fun of someone, especially in a cruel way
1673	27:12	y47t				0	See how you translated a similar phrase in Proverbs 22:3.
1674	27:12	jm89				0	“A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense”
1675	27:12	j5th				0	“the inexperienced and immature people”
1676	27:12	bv11				0	experience something very unpleasant, such as illness, pain, or other hardships
1677	27:13	l1r3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	When lending money, a lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. See how you translated this in Proverbs 20:16. Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1678	27:13	q6ci		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means for someone to give something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. See how you translated this in Proverbs 20:16. Alternate translation: “who has guaranteed that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “who has promised to pay a loan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1679	27:13	gvg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. See how you translated this in Proverbs 20:16. Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1680	27:14	xjs1				0	“If anyone gives his neighbor a blessing”
1681	27:14	z5ga		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the neighbor will consider that blessing to be a curse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1682	27:15	bh2v				0	This means making people angry with each other or causing strong disagreements between people.
1683	27:15	caj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The implied information is that it is rain that is constantly dripping. Alternate translation: “the constant dripping of rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1684	27:15	ldj6				0	“a day of continual rain”
1685	27:16	e46j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The implied information is that it is as difficult or useless to try and restrain her as it is to try to restrain the wind or catch oil in your hand (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1686	27:16	tfg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	“holding her back” or “keeping her under control.” The implied information is that it is trying to stop her from quarreling. Alternate translation: “restraining her from quarreling” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1687	27:16	z86v				0	“holding back the wind” or “keeping the wind under control”
1688	27:17	w3va		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	These two phrases are comparing how iron and a man can be improved. Alternate translation: “As iron can sharpen another piece of iron, so a man’s character is improved by contact with his friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1689	27:18	gbr2				0	“who takes care of”
1690	27:18	d71d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a master will honor the one who protects him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1691	27:19	z68a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here this means a person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “what a person thinks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1692	27:20	nv5h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	This is a name that means “destroyer.” Alternate translation: “the Destroyer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1693	27:20	c28l				0	“are never filled up”
1694	27:20	q6ud		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the “eyes” represent a man’s desires. Alternate translation: “a man’s desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1695	27:21	c4r4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. See how you translated the very similar phrase in Proverbs 17:3. Alternate translation: “A crucible is used to refine silver and a furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1696	27:21	eg8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown		0	a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1697	27:21	eza1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown		0	an oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1698	27:21	b7qd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when one praises a person, they are also testing that person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1699	27:22	m5zv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This means that even if a fool is made to suffer hardship or pain (being crushed is often a metaphor for suffering in Hebrew), he will remain foolish. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1700	27:22	ir3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown		0	a hard tool with a rounded end, used for crushing things in a bowl (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1701	27:23	ixh6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1702	27:23	de7k				0	“flocks of sheep”
1703	27:23	b9bu				0	“herds of goats”
1704	27:24	v1t6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question expects a negative answer to make the point that the reign of earthly rulers does not last forever. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “A crown does not endure for all generations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1705	27:24	gu92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “crown” is a metonym for a king’s rule over his kingdom. Alternate translation: “a king’s rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1706	27:25	n1ai				0	“the new sprouts appear” or “the new grass starts to grow”
1707	27:26	ra5w				0	Verses 26 and 27 go together with verses 23 to 25 as one proverb.
1708	27:26	dar8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The implied information is that the wool (hair) from the lambs can be used to make clothing. Alternate translation: “The lambs’ wool will provide you with clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1709	27:26	j2vp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The implied information is that the money received by selling the goats will be enough to buy a field. Alternate translation: “selling your goats will provide the price of the field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1710	27:27	q28m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The implied information is that there will also be enough goats’ milk to feed the servant girls. Alternate translation: “there will be goat’s milk to nourish your servant girls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1711	27:27	xjw4				0	“food”
1712	28:intro	g91u				0	Proverbs 28 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1713	28:2	b4c7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Because of how a land transgresses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1714	28:2	qks4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This is a metonym for the sins of the people living in a land. Alternate translation: “the transgression of the people of a land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1715	28:2	ivf7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns “understanding” and “knowledge” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “with a man who understands and knows how to rule” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1716	28:3	tx2c				0	“who severely mistreats”
1717	28:3	pb4k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The poor man who oppresses other poor people is compared to a rain that falls so hard that it leaves no crop to harvest. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1718	28:3	p9vx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is a metaphor for a rain coming down hard enough to cause crops to be driven down. Alternate translation: “damaging rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1719	28:4	z1ah				0	“forsake God’s law”
1720	28:4	j98f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	To “keep the law” means to do what God’s law requires. Alternate translation: “those who obey God’s law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1721	28:4	whf7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“struggle against them.” This means to strongly oppose or resist them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1722	28:5	pi7r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations		0	Here “men” means people in general. Alternate translation: “People who do evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1723	28:5	t38q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “justice” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “do not understand what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1724	28:5	k5mh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1725	28:5	ru6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The implied information is that those who seek Yahweh understand all about justice. Alternate translation: “completely understand what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1726	28:6	q4ty				0	“It is better to be a poor person … than it is to be a rich person”
1727	28:6	pfi9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun “integrity” can be expressed as an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1728	28:6	jdf4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Rich people who are dishonest are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “who is not honest in what he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1729	28:7	b5pv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	To “keep the law” means to do what God’s law requires. Alternate translation: “He who obeys God’s law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1730	28:7	h42h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a son who understands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1731	28:7	rh6n				0	“of people who eat too much.” A “glutton” is a person who often eats and drinks excessively.
1732	28:7	q9hm				0	“puts his father to shame” or “dishonors his father”
1733	28:8	uef7				0	“increases his wealth”
1734	28:8	i36g				0	“charging extra money to borrow”
1735	28:8	tj5f				0	money paid by a borrower for the use of someone else’s money
1736	28:8	xz6i				0	“brings his wealth together”
1737	28:8	e1qz				0	“for another person”
1738	28:8	s7xf				0	a strong feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone
1739	28:9	w428				0	“If a person”
1740	28:9	s7cf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This represents the whole person turning away from and rejecting God’s law. Alternate translation: “turns away from hearing and obeying the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1741	28:9	ztw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	“even his prayer is offensive to God.” This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “God detests even his prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1742	28:9	a3bi				0	See how you translated this in Proverbs 3:32.
1743	28:10	hgy2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is a metaphor for leading upright people in an evil direction. Alternate translation: “Whoever causes the upright to go in an evil direction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1744	28:10	pv8z				0	“If anyone misleads … evil way, he will fall”
1745	28:10	m6rz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to upright persons in general. Alternate translation: “upright persons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1746	28:10	tw7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“will fall into the trap that he has dug.” This is a metaphor for ending up in the same bad place as others had been led toward. Alternate translation: “will end up in the same evil place toward which he guided other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1747	28:10	yg55		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to blameless persons in general. Alternate translation: “blameless persons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1748	28:10	w756				0	“will inherit what is good”
1749	28:11	eg7v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “be wise in his own thoughts” or “think he is wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1750	28:11	pj9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “who understands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1751	28:11	ynr5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom that means the poor person will be able to determine whether or not the rich person is really wise. Alternate translation: “will see his true nature” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1752	28:12	qew3				0	“When righteous people succeed”
1753	28:12	zkn5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom that means when the wicked gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “when the wicked rise to power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1754	28:12	emq6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1755	28:12	g949		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	You may need to make explicit that those who “are sought out” have hidden themselves to escape from the wicked. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they seek people out” or “they seek out the people who hide from them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1756	28:13	h8gm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“covers his sins.” This is the opposite of confessing and forsaking sins, and is spoken of as covering sins rather than bringing them into the open (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1757	28:13	e7kw				0	“will not succeed” or “will not advance”
1758	28:13	m9fz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will show mercy to the one who confesses and forsakes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1759	28:14	nh5t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who always lives with reverence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1760	28:14	ffn2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “reverence” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “lives a reverent life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1761	28:14	ijf7				0	This refers to deeply respecting Yahweh and showing that respect by obeying him.
1762	28:14	ymm8				0	“the one who hardens his heart”
1763	28:14	ebu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. Alternate translation: “refuses to obey God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1764	28:14	l7ee		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This represents ending up in misery and distress. Alternate translation: “will end up in trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1765	28:15	z8ti		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Poor people who are helpless against an evil ruler are compared to people who have a lion roaring at them or a bear attacking them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1766	28:15	x5l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown		0	A bear is a large, furry, dangerous animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1767	28:16	et9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1768	28:16	az95				0	a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
1769	28:16	lv7n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “dishonesty” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1770	28:16	eae9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Possible meanings are (1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or (2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1771	28:17	rm8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. Alternate translation: “he has killed someone” or “he has murdered someone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1772	28:17	v592				0	a person who is running away to avoid being captured
1773	28:17	iz6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	“until he dies.” This means for the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “all of his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1774	28:18	nhr1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will keep safe anyone who walks with integrity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1775	28:18	u4m5				0	“Anyone who”
1776	28:18	f45f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun “integrity” can be expressed as an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1777	28:18	kvc6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A dishonest person is spoken of as if he walks on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “the one who does not live honestly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1778	28:18	x79a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	What will happen to a dishonest person is spoken of as if he suddenly fell down. Alternate translation: “will suddenly be ruined” or “will suddenly perish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1779	28:19	dlk7				0	This means to till, sow, and care for his crops.
1780	28:19	uq9z				0	“anyone who follows”
1781	28:19	t64p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	“chases after worthless projects.” The person who is busy doing things that do not produce anything is spoken of as chasing after useless things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1782	28:19	b8y8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony		0	The person following worthless pursuits is spoken of as getting the opposite of plenty of food. The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “will be very poor” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1783	28:20	ix4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	The double negative “will not go unpunished” is used for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish the one who gets rich quickly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1784	28:20	nt6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The implied information is that this person gains wealth by unfaithful or dishonest means. Alternate translation: “the one who tries to get rich quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1785	28:21	kg9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	“A piece of bread” here is an exaggeration for a very small bribe or reward. Alternate translation: “a man will sin for very little gain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1786	28:21	phu7				0	“sin”
1787	28:22	v63d				0	“A selfish man.” This is a person who does not like to share his possessions or spend money.
1788	28:22	f7a8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The stingy man is spoken of as if he was chasing after wealth. Alternate translation: “is greedy for riches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1789	28:22	mz2h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The result of being stingy is spoken of as if poverty was overtaking the stingy person. The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “he will suddenly become poor” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1790	28:23	sr8r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form, with the abstract noun “favor” being expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “A person will favor the one who disciplines him more than he favors the person who flatters him with his tongue” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1791	28:23	q2x8				0	“If a person disciplines”
1792	28:23	hi86				0	trains people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior
1793	28:23	k6hl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The tongue here represents speaking. Alternate translation: “flatters him with words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1794	28:23	l9i1				0	praises someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praises someone about things that are not true
1795	28:24	xcp2				0	“The one who robs”
1796	28:24	qt94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations		0	This can be expressed as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “says that it is not a sin, he” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1797	28:24	ie7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Possible meanings are: (1) “the friend of” or (2) an idiom that means having the same character as. Alternate translation: “the same kind of person as” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1798	28:25	e3ce				0	a person who selfishly wants more things, money or food than what he needs
1799	28:25	bkj4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The action of the greedy man is spoken of as if he were stirring up or awakening conflict. Alternate translation: “causes conflict” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1800	28:26	pnc4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Depending on one’s self is spoken of as trusting in one’s own heart. Alternate translation: “The person who relies on himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1801	28:26	dyj3				0	“any person who walks”
1802	28:26	g7hy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Possible meanings are (1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. Alternate translation: “lives wisely” or (2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. Alternate translation: “follows wise teachings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1803	28:27	yhn4				0	“The person”
1804	28:27	y6e6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: “poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1805	28:27	iwx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This double negative is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “have everything they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1806	28:27	ykd8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) they will receive many curses from the poor. Alternate translation: “the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them” or (2) they will receive many curses from people in general. Alternate translation: “people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” or (3) they will receive many curses from God. Alternate translation: “God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1807	28:27	cgl4				0	“anyone who closes”
1808	28:27	x8x1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Closing the eyes represents not responding to the needs of the poor. Alternate translation: “ignores” or “chooses not to help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1809	28:28	ku38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom that means when wicked people gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “When wicked people rise to power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1810	28:28	xc51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This is an exaggeration for doing everything they can to avoid having wicked people harm them. Alternate translation: “people go into hiding” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1811	28:28	vjp8				0	Possible meanings are (1) “go away” or (2) “fall from power” or (3) “are destroyed.”
1812	28:28	pd87				0	Possible meanings are (1) “multiply” or (2) “rise to power.”
1813	29:intro	pkl4				0	Proverbs 29 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon. Special concepts in this chapter Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1814	29:1	rl7a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. Alternate translation: “who becomes stubborn” or “who refuses to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1815	29:1	nb5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will suddenly break him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1816	29:1	y5ft		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“and no one will be able to heal him.” Sickness is a metaphor for any kind of bad situation. Alternate translation: “and no one will be able to help him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1817	29:2	w7r2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The people let out long, loud breaths that show that they are weary and sad. Alternate translation: “the people will be weary and sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1818	29:4	v6du		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “justice” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “by doing what is just” or “by making just laws” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1819	29:5	x5x6				0	knowingly tells his neighbor things that are not true so that the neighbor will do what the speaker wants him to do
1820	29:5	udx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer compares the flattery of a person to setting that person up to being caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “setting a trap to catch that person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1821	29:6	k8iq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	When an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1822	29:8	g91s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “city” represents the people who live in the city. Mockers causing the people to experience turmoil and possibly to become violent is spoken of as if they set the city on fire. Alternate translation: “create turmoil for the people of a city” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1823	29:8	vcu6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means to cause angry people no longer to be angry. Alternate translation: “calm the wrath of angry people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1824	29:9	el5g				0	Another possible meaning is “goes to court against.”
1825	29:9	tzx7				0	The fool becomes very angry and tries to keep the wise person from speaking or the court judge from judging.
1826	29:9	kn5t				0	This means to be loud and excited and to move with powerful movements like a strong storm. This is a negative word.
1827	29:9	qmv5				0	“they will not be able to settle the problem”
1828	29:10	jbu4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means to “want to kill.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1829	29:12	ui7k				0	“listens.” See how you translated this in Proverbs 17:4.
1830	29:12	b9es		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The actions of the ruler are spoken of by stating the result they will cause. Alternate translation: “it is as if he is teaching his officials to be wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1831	29:13	f56w				0	a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
1832	29:13	psq6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means “Yahweh makes both of them alive.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1833	29:14	x486		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The throne is a metonym for the kingdom he rules from his throne. Alternate translation: “his kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1834	29:15	ybi8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks as if a rod and reproof were people who could give wisdom as a physical gift. Alternate translation: “If a parent uses the rod on his child and reproves him, the child will become wise” or “If parents discipline their child and tell him when he has done wrong, the child will learn to live wisely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1835	29:15	p19z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Parents in Israel used wooden rods as instruments to discipline children by striking them. Alternate translation: “discipline” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1836	29:15	m43w				0	When a person gives reproof to another person, or reproves that person, he tells that person that he does not approve of what that other person is doing.
1837	29:16	th5t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1838	29:16	ha78		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “downfall” can be translated with the verb “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1839	29:18	s41b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who keeps the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1840	29:19	kl1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form.”You will not be able to correct a slave simply by talking to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1841	29:20	qfr9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer is using a question to get the reader’s attention. Alternate translation: “You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1842	29:21	k1j6				0	“who allows his slave to avoid work and who treats his slave better than he treats other slaves”
1843	29:21	qas4				0	“at the end of the slave’s youth” or “when the slave is grown”
1844	29:21	qs95				0	These words translate a Hebrew word whose meaning no one knows for sure. Some understand it to mean that the slave will be weak, others that the slave will rule the household.
1845	29:22	s7ha		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. The abstract noun “strife” can be stated as “argue.” See how you translated similar words in Proverbs 15:18. Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” or “causes people to argue and fight” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1846	29:22	ad7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means “a person who becomes angry easily.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1847	29:23	z268		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “men will give honor to a person who has a humble spirit” or “a person who has a humble spirit will receive honor from men” or “Yahweh will cause men to honor a person who has a humble spirit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1848	29:24	jpz1				0	“becomes his own enemy”
1849	29:24	ej5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Possible meanings are (1) people have put the “one who shares with a thief” under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate translation: “he does not dare to testify under oath” or (2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the “one who shares” is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate translation: “he says nothing even after people have cursed him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1850	29:25	t7d5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Being afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1851	29:25	k5l2				0	a trap that catches animals with ropes
1852	29:25	t3gk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1853	29:26	sa3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “face” is a metonym for the ruler listening to people telling him what they want him to do and then doing it. Alternate translation: “Many people want their ruler to pay attention to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1854	29:26	w96b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	It is Yahweh, not human rulers, who will see that people treat a person justly. The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as “just.” Alternate translation: “it is Yahweh who is truly just towards a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1855	29:27	c4s9				0	a person who should be hated. See how you translated this in Proverbs 3:32.
1856	30:intro	aud8				0	Proverbs 30 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown. Special concepts in this chapter Agur His full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means “gatherer” and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name. Three things and four From verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like “small and yet wise.” The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1857	30:1	u8l9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1858	30:1	v8qt				0	This is the literal son of Jakeh, not a grandchild.
1859	30:1	ic3d				0	“the message”
1860	30:1	y7qf				0	“to Ithiel—that is, to Ithiel and Ucal”
1861	30:2	n4d9				0	“Certainly” or “There is no doubt that”
1862	30:2	ij38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1863	30:3	ln5f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “nor do I really know anything about the Holy One” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1864	30:4	kw1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer asks these questions to get the reader thinking about how much greater Yahweh is than people. Alternate translation: “No person has ever … down. No person has ever … hands. No person has ever … cloak. No person has ever … earth.” or “Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? No one has ever done any of these things.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1865	30:4	eb1b				0	where God lives
1866	30:4	bz7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the wind as if it were something that a person could catch and hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “has caught the wind in his hands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1867	30:4	g4i7				0	the way his hands are shaped when he is scooping up, for example, water or sand. “his cupped hands”
1868	30:4	l4kf				0	brought small scattered objects into a pile so they can be lifted
1869	30:4	rce5				0	“has set up the limits for where the earth ends” or “has marked the boundaries for the ends of the earth”
1870	30:4	t7g1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses these questions to command the reader to give an answer. Alternate translation: “Tell me his name and the name of his son, if you know them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1871	30:4	jv39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony		0	The writer uses irony to show that neither he nor the reader know any person who can do what the “who” in the earlier questions can do. Alternate translation: “I do not think you really know anyone who can do those things.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1872	30:5	mna2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Words are spoken of as if they were metals that need someone to clean the bad parts out of them. Alternate translation: “is like a precious metal from which someone has removed all the useless material” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1873	30:5	u15z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “shield” is a metaphor for something that protects a person. Alternate translation: “he protects those who come and ask him to protect them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1874	30:6	lu63				0	say more than he has said
1875	30:6	e39x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will prove that you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1876	30:8	v3d5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) “Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me” or (2) “Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1877	30:8	jw32				0	false, useless words
1878	30:8	wk6q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks as if “poverty” and “riches” were physical objects that someone could give to another. They are also abstract nouns that can be stated as “poor” and “rich.” Alternate translation: “Do not allow me to be either very poor or very rich” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1879	30:9	vrk2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo		0	This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes rich. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1880	30:9	t24i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo		0	This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes poor. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1881	30:9	f4ah				0	“I might make people who know that I have stolen things think that there is no God” or “I might harm God’s reputation by stealing”
1882	30:10	rz4a				0	speak falsely about another person with the desire to harm him
1883	30:10	ycc9				0	“the servant will curse”
1884	30:10	u5fu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will hold you guilty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1885	30:11	sz6e				0	“a generation of people who curse … and do not bless”
1886	30:11	z4bb				0	type or class or group
1887	30:12	h8cq				0	“a generation of people that are”
1888	30:12	dp6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “considers themselves pure” or “believes they are pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1889	30:12	re7r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The words “washed” and “filth” speak of God forgiving people who sin as if he were washing physical filth off of the people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has not forgiven them of their sins” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1890	30:12	fyp5				0	This should be translated with a polite term that includes human or animal vomit and waste.
1891	30:13	ey4d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This describes people who think that they are better than other people. Their eyes show that they are proud, and the way they look at others shows that they think they are better than those other people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1892	30:14	zca7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The people of the generation who speak very harmful things is spoken of as if they were wild animals with teeth and jawbones made of swords and knives, and they eat the poor and needy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1893	30:14	z22j				0	the bones of the face where teeth grow
1894	30:15	yr92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is an example of something that always wants more. Alternate translation: “Greed has two daughters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1895	30:15	ik61				0	a type of worm that attaches itself to the skin and sucks blood
1896	30:15	n8v6				0	Another possible meaning is “and they are both named Give Me.”
1897	30:15	snu6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	This use of the numbers “three” and “four” together here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are four things that are never satisfied, who never say, ‘Enough’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
1898	30:15	xlu4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “always want more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1899	30:16	d8p5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Land that is no longer producing food because there has been no rain is spoken of as if it were a person who does not have enough water to drink. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1900	30:17	hr1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “obedience” is a metonym for the mother herself. It is also an abstract noun that can be stated as “obey.” Alternate translation: “considers his mother worthless and will not obey her” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1901	30:17	pr2u				0	The writer says that the person will die by giving two pictures of what happens to people who die away from where people live.
1902	30:17	l9a8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the ravens of the valley will peck out his eyes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1903	30:17	x3vs				0	large, shiny, black birds that eat plants and dead animals
1904	30:17	sxz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the vultures will eat him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1905	30:17	k8je				0	any one of several large birds that eat dead animals and have small, featherless heads
1906	30:18	njh2				0	The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that are too wonderful for me that I do not understand—four of them are:”
1907	30:19	u9rp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The “heart” refers to the middle. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” or “on the open sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1908	30:20	h26k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	This seems to be both a euphemism and a metaphor for committing adultery and then taking a bath. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1909	30:21	s3e3				0	The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. “There are some things that make the earth tremble, that it cannot endure. Four of these are:”
1910	30:22	xv9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fool who has had enough to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1911	30:23	l8m1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	That is, people rightly hated her before she married; once she marries, she will be worse than she was before she married. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a woman whom good people have hated when she marries” or “an outcast woman when she marries” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1912	30:23	dwd5				0	rules the household
1913	30:26	p11p				0	an animal with small, rounded ears, short legs, and no tail
1914	30:28	l4zb				0	a small reptile that has four legs, a long, slender body, and a tail
1915	30:29	u31f				0	The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that walk stately. Four of these are”
1916	30:29	dc44				0	majestic or dignified, like a king
1917	30:31	e3z8				0	an adult male chicken that walks proudly
1918	30:33	kgm4				0	strongly stirring
1919	30:33	nj7p				0	Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick.
1920	31:intro	dd9p				0	Proverbs 31 General Notes Structure and formatting Chapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) King Lemuel This person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son. Special concepts in this chapter An acrostic poem Verse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife. Themes There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1921	31:2	nw5l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	Possible meanings of the rhetorical question “What” are (1) “What are you doing?” or “You should not be doing what you are doing” or (2) “What shall I tell you?” or “Listen to what I am telling you” or (3) “Do not do the things I am about to warn you against.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1922	31:2	ag7f				0	The speaker wants the hearer to notice carefully and to respect the one who is talking to him.
1923	31:2	ye5f				0	The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born.
1924	31:2	p2hh				0	The “vows” could be (1) the mother’s marriage vows or (2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God.
1925	31:3	irw8				0	“Do not work hard trying to have sex with women,” either outside of marriage or with concubines.
1926	31:3	tuq5				0	“or allow those who destroy kings to advise you”
1927	31:3	j3yt				0	Possible meanings are (1) “the way you live your life” or (2) “the work you do”
1928	31:3	v8um				0	probably the immoral “women” to whom he is not to give his strength
1929	31:4	s8mw				0	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Proverbs 31:1.
1930	31:5	ex8n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “what God has decreed” or (2) “what the kings themselves have decreed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1931	31:5	w2jv				0	“deny afflicted people their legal rights”
1932	31:5	y3ds				0	exchange good for evil
1933	31:5	mdn6				0	“all those people whom others wrongfully harm”
1934	31:6	q63s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “and give wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1935	31:6	i7g7				0	“who’s souls are bitter” or “who are in misery”
1936	31:7	f15v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “how poor he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1937	31:7	cb4b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “trouble” can be translated as a clause. Alternate translation: “the bad things that are happening to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1938	31:8	r3tl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Speaking is a metonym for using words to defend innocent people. Alternate translation: “Defend those who cannot defend themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1939	31:8	mxp7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The cause represents the person whose cause it is. Alternate translation: “so that people will treat all who are perishing justly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1940	31:8	e1y9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “speak for the causes” or “speak out for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1941	31:9	yc2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “people who are poor and cannot get the things that they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1942	31:10	ufh2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer asks a question to show that he is beginning a new section. Alternate translation: “Not many men can find a capable wife.” or “Not many men can find a wife who is able to do many things well.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1943	31:10	v97s				0	“She is more precious than jewels”
1944	31:11	i7un		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always have what he needs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1945	31:13	usy5				0	sheep’s hair that is used to make cloth
1946	31:13	xs1v				0	a plant whose fiber is used to make linen
1947	31:13	n9qr				0	Possible meanings are that the word “delight” describes (1) how she feels as she works, “gladly with her hands,” or (2) how she feels about the wool and flax, “with her hands on things that she enjoys working with”
1948	31:14	h984				0	someone who buys and sells
1949	31:15	ry3t				0	“tells her female servants what work each of them is to do that day”
1950	31:16	fgc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax (Proverbs 31:13) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1951	31:17	vv53		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Putting on clothes is a metonym for preparing for work. Alternate translation: “She prepares herself for hard physical work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1952	31:17	fn86				0	“she strengthens her arms by doing her work”
1953	31:18	d4np				0	sees by looking carefully
1954	31:18	jpw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This is probably an exaggeration: she works late into the night, but not from dusk to dawn. Alternate translation: “She burns a lamp through the night as she works” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1955	31:19	d3iv				0	a thin rod or stick with pointed ends that is used in making thread
1956	31:20	en6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The hand is a metonym for the help the woman uses her hand to give. Alternate translation: “helps poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1957	31:20	s1we				0	These words translate the same words translated “puts her hands on” in Proverbs 31:19.
1958	31:21	tt96		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “scarlet” does not refer to the color of the cloth, but that the clothing is expensive and warm. Alternate translation: “have expensive, warm clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1959	31:21	ail4				0	The color red, but with a hint of orange.
1960	31:22	a3x1				0	cloth made of flax yarn
1961	31:23	ra37		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. The verb “know” is a metonym for respect. Alternate translation: “People respect her husband” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1962	31:23	dbz1				0	to make laws and settle arguments
1963	31:24	d6wi				0	cloth made from flax yarn
1964	31:24	ghw5				0	long pieces of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder
1965	31:25	k3bi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Having strength and honor is spoken of as if the woman were wearing them. This can be translated in active form. The abstract nouns “strength” and “honor” can be translated by an adjective and a verb, respectively. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that she is strong, and so they honor her” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1966	31:25	a29g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This is probably an exaggeration to show that she is not afraid. Alternate translation: “is not afraid of what will happen in the future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1967	31:26	lb6q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The act of opening her mouth is a metonym for speaking. The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as an adverb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “she speaks wisely” or “she speaks wise words” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1968	31:26	q9jl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The phrase “on her tongue” refers to her speaking, as the tongue is part of the mouth. The phrase “the law of kindness” refers to her teaching people to be kind. Alternate translation: “she teaches people to be kind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1969	31:27	uqe6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “ways” refers to the way people live. Alternate translation: “makes sure her whole family lives in a way that pleases God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1970	31:27	ynb8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	To “eat the bread of” something means to do something. Alternate translation: “she is not idle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1971	31:27	j79l				0	doing nothing and being lazy
1972	31:28	hq5u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Possible meanings are (1) literally “stand up and” or (2) as a metonym, “actively.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1973	31:28	lqv2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations		0	saying that good things have happened to her because she has done good things. This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “congratulate her” or “say, ‘Yay, Mom!’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1974	31:29	fl85				0	“you have done better than”
1975	31:30	e8cj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “elegance” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “A gracious woman can deceive people” or “A woman with good manners could really be evil” See how you translated this in Proverbs 11:16. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1976	31:30	qcq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “beauty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “a woman who is beautiful now will not always be beautiful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1977	31:30	k9e4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will praise her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1978	31:31	df11		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax (Proverbs 31:13) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in Proverbs 31:16. Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1979	31:31	ef6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	She will be praised for her works, not by her works. Those “in the gates” are the important people of the city who conduct business and legal affairs near the gates of the city. Alternate translation: “may the important people of the city praise her because of the works she has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])