forked from test_org/en_tn
3640 lines
773 KiB
Plaintext
3640 lines
773 KiB
Plaintext
Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
|
||
front:intro l3xj 0 # Introduction to Jeremiah\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the Book of Jeremiah\n\n1. Yahweh calls Jeremiah to be a prophet (1:1-19)\n1. Yahweh will judge and punish Judah (2:1-29:32)\n- Judah called to repent of spiritual adultery (2:1–6:30)\n- Judah judged for its false religion (7:1–10:16)\n- Jeremiah stands between Yahweh and his people (11:1–20:19)\n- Jeremiah confronts his people (21:1–29:32)\n1. Yahweh promises to restore Judah (30:1-33:26)\n- Yahweh will bring the people of Judah back to their land (30:1–24)\n- Yahweh will create a new covenant with them (31:1–40)\n- The people will come back (32:1–44)\n- Kings descended from David will rule again (33:1–26)\n1. Jeremiah suffers (34:1-45:5)\n- Before Yahweh punishes Judah (34:1–36:32)\n- While Yahweh punishes Judah (37:1–39:18)\n- After Yahweh punishes Judah (40:1–45:5)\n1. Yahweh will judge and punish the nations (46:1-51:64)\n- Egypt (46:1–28)\n- Philistia (47:1–28)\n- Moab (48:1–47)\n- Ammon (49:1–6)\n- Edom (49:7–22)\n- Damascus (49:23–27)\n- Kedar (49:28–33)\n- Elam (49:34–39)\n- Babylonia (50:1–51:64)\n1. Jerusalem captured and destroyed (52:1–34)\n\n### What is the Book of Jeremiah about?\n\nThe Book of Jeremiah gives the prophesies of a priest named Jeremiah. It also tells how Jeremiah suffered in different ways while he prophesied.\n\nJeremiah began prophesying about 626 B.C. After the death of King Josiah, many groups of people in Israel opposed Jeremiah. Some of these people wanted to depend on Egypt to protect the nation. Others were idol worshipers. They hated Jeremiah for denouncing their gods. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])\n\nDuring the reign of King Jehoiakim, Jeremiah prophesied about the temple of Yahweh. King Jehoiakim received some of these prophecies in writing and burned the document. The next king, Zedekiah, put Jeremiah in prison when he told the king to surrender to Babylon.\n\nKing Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia invaded Judah in 597 B.C. He conquered Jerusalem in 587 B.C. He offered Jeremiah housing and money if Jeremiah would go to Babylon. But Jeremiah remained in Jerusalem to help the few Jews left there.\n\nShortly after that, Gedaliah, whom Nebuchadnezzar had chosen to be governor over Judah, was murdered. Some Jewish rebels captured Jeremiah and took him to Egypt. Those rebels went to Egypt to be protected there rather than to live under Nebuchadnezzar’s rule. Jeremiah may have died soon after being taken to Egypt. But while in Egypt he prophesied that the Babylonians would invade and conquer Egypt.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe traditional title of this book is “The Book of Jeremiah” or just “Jeremiah.” Translators may also call it the “The Book about Jeremiah” or “What the Prophet Jeremiah Said.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Jeremiah?\n\nJeremiah was a priest and a prophet living in Judah. He spoke the prophesies in the Book of Jeremiah. A friend named Baruch wrote down many of the prophecies as Jeremiah spoke them to him.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What is the new covenant that is presented in the Book of Jeremiah?\n\nJeremiah introduced a “new covenant” between Yahweh and Israel (chapter 31). Yahweh would “write this covenant on the hearts” of the people. This means that the covenant would be a part of the people instead of just written on stone or paper. The people would obey the new covenant with all their heart. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n### What relationship do Jeremiah’s prophecies have to the other nations besides Israel?\n\nMuch of the Old Testament before this time is only about the nation of Israel. But Jeremiah also spoke of how Yahweh would judge other nations of the world. Yahweh would also punish the other nations for their wicked deeds. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Are the events in the Book of Jeremiah told in the order that they actually happened?\n\nMany of the events in the Book of Jeremiah are not told in the order that they actually happened. Instead, the various prophecies appear to be arranged by topic.\n\n### Why does the Book of Jeremiah refer to this prophet as “he” or “him”?\n\nMany times in the book, the author refers to Jeremiah as “Jeremiah” or “he.” This is unusual if Jeremiah wrote the book. The reason this occurs is perhaps because Baruch, Jeremiah’s secretary, wrote down some parts of the book. Translators should keep the words “Jeremiah” and “he.”
|
||
1:intro e235 0 # Jeremiah 01 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 1:4-10.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jeremiah appointed as prophet\n\nGod chose Jeremiah to be his prophet and although many powerful people would be against him, God promised to protect him. This chapter emphasizes that Jeremiah was chosen by God to be his prophet. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])\n\n### Northern kingdom\nThis was not a reference to the northern kingdom of Israel; it had already been conquered. It was a reference to a kingdom located north of Judah, that is, to Babylon. The Babylonian armies would attack Judah and conquer it.\n\n### Opposition\nThe people were supposed to listen to God’s prophet. When he prophesied, they should have repented. Instead, they persecuted Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
|
||
1:1 zm8t 0 “Jeremiah son of Hilkiah. Jeremiah was one of the priests”
|
||
1:1 ynh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
1:1 hbs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
1:1 m9zz 0 “the land that belongs to the tribe of Benjamin”
|
||
1:2 qj8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to him” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
1:2 tdx8 0 This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
|
||
1:2 gg1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Josiah son of Amon was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
1:2 xy18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 The word “thirteenth” is the ordinal form of “13.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
1:2 bvz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
1:2 h452 0 “Josiah’s reign”
|
||
1:3 wl81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 The word “eleventh” is the ordinal form of “11.”(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
1:3 vh91 0 “The word of Yahweh also came”
|
||
1:3 iba7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Johoiakim son of Josiah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
1:3 ui8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths 0 This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
1:3 xqi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to the rule of Zedekiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “of the reign of Zedekiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
1:3 g4f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. It can be stated clearly that they were taken to Babylon. Alternate translation: “when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem away as prisoners” or “when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem as prisoners to Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
1:4 vzg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
1:5 j2el 0 “shaped you”
|
||
1:5 f9sn 0 This can also be expressed without referring to the womb. Alternate translation: “before you were born”
|
||
1:6 x52n 0 Here “Ah” shows Jeremiah’s fear of doing what God has said.
|
||
1:6 j6eh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 Jeremiah may have been exaggerating to show his fear of speaking in public. Alternate translation: “I do not know how to speak in public” or “I do not know how to make announcements to people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
1:8 r2iu 0 “Do not be afraid of the people I will send you to speak to”
|
||
1:8 jk96 0 The word “this” refers to what Yahweh just said in verses 7 and 8.
|
||
1:8 tfp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
1:9 gq1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor representing Yahweh giving Jeremiah special authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then it was as though Yahweh touched my mouth” or (2) Jeremiah was seeing a vision and Yahweh actually did this as a symbolic act of giving Jeremiah authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh touched my mouth with his hand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
1:9 sw5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This phrase represents giving Jeremiah his message. Alternate translation: “I have given you my message for you to speak to the people” or “I have enabled you to tell the people my message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
1:10 xz7w 0 Jeremiah would do these things to various nations by saying that they would happen.
|
||
1:10 k126 0 He would uproot, break down, destroy and overthrow some nations, and he would build and plant other nations.
|
||
1:10 hzc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of Jeremiah destroying the nations by what he says as if the nations were plants and he were to pull them up out of the ground. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
1:10 vgg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 Jeremiah uses these words, which mean almost the same thing, to show that this will certainly happen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
1:10 q2dm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of Jeremiah causing nations to become strong as if they were a building and he would build them, and as if they were plants and he would plant them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
1:11 i5z1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 1:4](./04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘What” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘What” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
1:11 hmj4 0 Yahweh shows Jeremiah a spiritual vision.
|
||
1:11 zuu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown 0 An almond tree is a kind of nut tree. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||
1:12 mr44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This represents guaranteeing that he will do what he has said. Alternate translation: “I am remembering my word to carry it out” or “I guarantee that I will do what I have said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
1:12 s9ac 0 The Hebrew words for “almond” and “watch over” sound almost the same. God wants Jeremiah to remember that God will make his word succeed.
|
||
1:13 ntu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “The word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](./04.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
1:13 wx7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The surface refers to the surface of the water in the pot. Jeremiah could see the water boiling. Alternate translation: “whose water is boiling” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
1:13 dy8k 0 This means that it was tipping toward the south, where Jeremiah was in Judah.
|
||
1:14 sxk1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “Disaster will be let loose from the north.” This represents God causing disaster to come from the north to the south. Alternate translation: “Disaster will come from the north” or “I will send disaster from the north” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
1:15 ci59 0 Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about the disaster that would come from the north.
|
||
1:15 eu1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 This generalization refers to the kings of the northern kingdoms. Alternate translation: “every king” or “all of the northern kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
1:15 duv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) this represents ruling over Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will rule at the gates of Jerusalem” or (2) this represents judging Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will judge Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
1:15 j1zf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Setting their thrones “against all the walls that surround it” represents commanding their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “and they will command their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
1:15 d8i9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Setting their thrones “against all the cities of Judah” represents commanding their armies to destroy all the cities of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
1:16 gg7p 0 “I will announce how I will punish them”
|
||
1:16 wrh7 0 “I will pronounce sentence against the people of Judah”
|
||
1:16 s442 0 Since the people had made the idols with their own hands, they should have known that the idols are not worthy of worship.
|
||
1:17 k94h 0 Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
|
||
1:17 qw4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “be shattered” represents being extremely afraid, and “shatter” represents causing Jeremiah to be extremely afraid. Alternate translation: “Do not be terrified … I will terrify you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
1:18 q32g 0 “Pay attention!”
|
||
1:18 k16n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Being strong like these things represents being confident and unchanging in saying what God had told him to say. Alternate translation: “I have made you strong against the whole land like a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
1:18 l1sl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 These were the strongest materials known at that time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
1:18 u7cf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This represents all the people of the land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
1:19 zp53 0 This refers to the people of Judah.
|
||
1:19 c3xx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
2:intro cx16 0 # Jeremiah 02 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:1-31.\n\nThe prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The people refuse to learn\n\nThe people worshiped other gods, particularly the fertility gods of Baal and Ashtoreth. Even when the nation was punished, the people did not learn. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nIsrael is compared to a female camel or a wild donkey for being unstable and lustful. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:1 n8ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
2:2 g2d8 0 “Go and speak where the people in Jerusalem can hear you”
|
||
2:2 mz95 0 “I remember about you”
|
||
2:2 jw4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract nouns “faithfulness,” “youthfulness” and “love” can be expressed with the adjectives “faithful” and “young,” and the verb “love.” Alternate translation: “how, when you were young, you were faithful to our covenant, and how you loved me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
2:2 p3v3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of his relationship with the people of Israel as though they had been engaged to be married. Alternate translation: “when we first agreed that we would marry each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:2 gl65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “the land where no one had sown seed” or “the land where no food was growing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
2:3 ubv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of Israel as if they were an offering dedicated to God. Alternate translation: “like the firstfruits of his harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:3 b2kn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of those who attacked Israel as if they were eating the offering that was set apart for God. Alternate translation: “All who attacked Israel were held guilty like people who ate from the first fruits of his harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:3 j1qx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The phrase “came upon them” is a metaphor for happened to them. Alternate translation: “Disasters happened to them” or “I made terrible things happen to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:3 bei6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
2:4 u5jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Jacob and Israel were two names for one man, and these two phrases refer to the same group of people. Alternate translation: “all you descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
2:4 gq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
2:4 p8u3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants, who had become the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
2:5 y22p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses these questions to say that since he has done no wrong, his people should not have rejected him and worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “I did nothing wrong to your forefathers, so they should not have gone far from following me, and they should not have gone after useless idols. By doing that they themselves have become useless!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
2:5 k654 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This represents rejecting God and refusing to be loyal to him. Alternate translation: “they rejected me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:5 p2c2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This represents choosing to be loyal to idols and worship them. Alternate translation: “they worshiped useless idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:5 ea5y 0 idols that people can use for nothing good. The translation should not make people think that there are some idols that are useful.
|
||
2:6 qj82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is implied that they should have said what follows. Alternate translation: “They should have said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
2:6 bj3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people’s need of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need Yahweh. He is the one who brought us … Egypt.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
2:6 sb9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people’s need of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need Yahweh. He is the one who led us … lives.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
2:6 xpu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A “land of drought” is a land that does not have enough water. Here “deep darkness” is a metaphor for danger. Alternate translation: “a dangerous land where there is not enough water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:7 e78y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “you sinned and made the land I gave you disgusting to me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
2:7 z346 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “by sinning, you made my land no good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:7 x8z6 0 “you made my inheritance disgusting by your sin” or “by sinning, you made my inheritance repulsive”
|
||
2:7 bs45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) God is speaking of his land as if he had inherited it. Alternate translation: “my land” or (2) God is speaking of the land he gave to Israel as if he had given it to them as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land I gave you” or “the land I gave you as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:8 kt1g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question would have shown that they wanted to obey Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need to obey Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
2:8 hl48 0 “were not committed to me” or “rejected me”
|
||
2:8 vv8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The leaders are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people who followed them were sheep. Alternate translation: “Their leaders sinned against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:8 fs7t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “walked after” represents obeying or worshiping. Alternate translation: “obeyed unprofitable things” or “worshiped unprofitable things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:8 b2si 0 Unprofitable things are things that cannot help a person. Here it refers to idols.
|
||
2:9 wb2t 0 “your future generations”
|
||
2:10 m3dc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Kittim was an island west of Israel. Today it is called Cyprus. It represented all the lands far to the west of Israel. Alternate translation: “go west across the ocean to Kittim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
2:10 r42k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Kedar is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. Alternate translation: “Send messengers far east to the land of Kedar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
2:11 g27j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 God uses this question to tell the people of Israel that other nations continue to worship their own gods. They do not change and worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You will see that no nation has ever exchanged gods … gods.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
2:11 y4gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Here God speaks as though he were not speaking directly to his people. Alternate translation: “But you, my people, have exchanged me, your glorious God, for what cannot help you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
2:11 ad5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This expression refers to God himself, who is glorious. Alternate translation: “their glorious God” or “me, your glorious God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
2:11 i74r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here false gods are spoken of in terms of what they cannot do. Alternate translation: “for false gods, which cannot help” or “for gods who cannot help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
2:12 gfd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
2:13 xga4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of himself as if he were springs of living waters. Alternate translation: “have abandoned me, their springs of living waters” or “have abandoned me, who is like springs of living water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:13 zfj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of false gods as if they were cisterns that people dig in order to get water. Alternate translation: “have gone to false gods, which are like cisterns they have dug for themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:13 y6j8 0 deep holes for storing water
|
||
2:14 gf3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Though Yahweh was speaking to the people of Israel, he used the third person as though he were talking to someone else about Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel, are you a slave? Were you born at home? So why have you become plunder?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
2:14 dz58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses these questions to tell why Israel should not have become plunder. Alternate translation: “Israel is not a slave. Israel was not born at home.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
2:14 fp49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “born in his master’s home” is metonym for being born into slavery. Alternate translation: “Was he born a slave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
2:14 d84g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this question to indicate that Israel should not have become plunder. Alternate translation: “So he should not have become plunder.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
2:14 gd7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “become plunder” represents being attacked and taken as captives to another country. Alternate translation: “So why has Israel been taken away as captives” or “So why have Israel’s enemies taken Israel away as captives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:15 sra1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of Israel’s enemies attacking Israel as if the enemies were lions roaring and attacking Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:15 w8su rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This represents destroying the land in such a way that people will feel horror when they see it. Alternate translation: “destroyed Israel’s land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
2:15 bs9w 0 A roar is a loud sound that a wild animal makes when it attacks.
|
||
2:15 fgd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They have destroyed Israel’s cities and now no one lives in them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
2:15 ph93 0 people who live in a certain place
|
||
2:16 z9t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of two cities in Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
2:16 z84p 0 The Egyptians shaved the head of their slaves to mark them as slaves.
|
||
2:16 f67y 0 Some versions interpret the Hebrew text as “have cracked your skull.”
|
||
2:17 rh64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this question to remind Israel that it is their own fault that their enemies attacked them. Alternate translation: “You caused this yourselves by abandoning Yahweh your God while he was leading you along the way.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
2:18 ksj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses these questions to remind his people that it does not do any good to ask Egypt and Assyria to help them. Alternate translation: “It does not help you to go to Egypt and drink from the waters of the Shihor River, or to go to Assyria and drink from the waters of the Euphrates River.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
2:18 qic3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 These are a metaphor for asking the Egyptian and Assyrian armies to help them. Alternate translation: “why ask the Egyptians to help you … Why ask the Assyrians to help you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:18 b4bs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a stream associated with Egypt. It may have been a branch of the Nile River. Some versions call it the Nile. Alternate translation: “the Shihor Stream” or “the Shihor River” or “the Nile River” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
2:19 d7s4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Both of these phrases mean that their punishment is the result of their wicked behavior. Alternate translation: “Because you have been wicked and unfaithful, I will punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
2:19 r6k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys 0 Here the word “bitter” describes “wicked.” Alternate translation: “it is bitterly wicked” or “it is extremely wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
|
||
2:20 z744 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “broke your yoke” and “tore your fetters off you” are metaphors for setting them free from slavery. The people of Israel had been slaves in Egypt. Alternate translation: “Long ago I released you from slavery, but still you refused to worship me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:20 i6lm 0 chains used to restrain a person or an animal
|
||
2:20 e3b8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 What they bowed down to can be stated clearly. Here “adulterer” is a metaphor for someone who is unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “You bowed down to idols and worshiped them instead of me, like an adulterous wife who is unfaithful to her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:20 rwq2 0 below
|
||
2:21 ppz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of making his people into a great nation in Canaan as if they were the seed of a grapevine that he had planted. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, started you with a very good beginning, like a farmer who uses excellent seed to plant the best kind of vine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:21 w7eu 0 “a vine of very good quality”
|
||
2:21 ys3q 0 Here “pure seed” is the best seed that has not been mixed with seed that is not good. Alternate translation: “that grew from excellent seed”
|
||
2:21 ht1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 God uses this question to rebuke his people for changing and becoming like a corrupt worthless vine. Alternate translation: “But you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
2:22 d3qb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
2:23 njn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying that they have not worshiped the Baals. Alternate translation: “You lie when you say, ‘I … have not walked after the Baals.’ (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
2:23 ga8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:23 y5u9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were like a female camel running in different directions looking for a male camel to mate with. Alternate translation: “You are like a swift female camel running back and forth looking for a male camel to mate with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:23 uh3n 0 able to run quickly
|
||
2:24 vc12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were a wild female donkey running to find male donkeys. Alternate translation: “You are like a young female donkey that lives in the desert. When she wants to mate she is out of control and constantly sniffs the breeze to find a mate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:24 ll6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This phrase is an idiom referring to the time when a female donkey wants to mate with male donkeys. Alternate translation: “when she wants to mate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
2:24 e3r7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question is used to emphasize that no one can control a female donkey when she is wants to mate with a male donkey. Alternate translation: “No one can turn her around when she wants to mate.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
2:25 j3xn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of Israel wanting to worship other gods as if they were running around in the desert looking for those gods. Alternate translation: “I have told you to stop running here and there chasing after false gods, because all that it does is wear out your sandals and make you very thirsty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:25 gpl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 “There is no hope for us to restrain ourselves.” This implies that they cannot stop themselves from running after other gods. Alternate translation: “We cannot stop ourselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
2:25 zq2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “strangers” represents foreign gods, and “go after them” represents worshiping them. Alternate translation: “We must follow after foreign gods and worship them!’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:26 i7vu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
2:26 amq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means that someone discovers that the person’s actions. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone finds him” or “when people know that he has stolen things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
2:26 w6vi 0 This list shows that everyone belonging to Israel will be ashamed.
|
||
2:27 yi97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “tree” and “stone” represent idols carved from wood and stone. These words emphasize that the idol was made of ordinary things and is not worthy of worship. Alternate translation: “These people are the ones who say to a carved piece of wood, ‘You are my father,’ and to a carved stone, ‘You gave birth to me.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
2:27 rzb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “their backs are toward me; their faces are not toward me.” This represents them rejecting God. Alternate translation: “they have turned away from me” or “they have turned their backs toward me and not their faces” or “they have completely rejected me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:27 v294 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It can be made clear that they say this to Yahweh. “Yahweh, come and save us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
2:28 dv1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 With this question God implies that people should ask the gods they worship to help them. He uses this irony to show that he is angry that they worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You should ask the gods you made to help you.” or “You do not ask the gods you made to help you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
|
||
2:28 bmg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony 0 God implies that false gods should help the people who worship them. He knows that false gods cannot help people. When he said this he was using irony to show that he was angry that his people worshiped false gods. Alternate translation: “You do not ask them because know you that they cannot save you in your time of troubles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
|
||
2:29 xa5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
2:30 e8re rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “accept discipline” represents learning from discipline. Alternate translation: “They refused to learn from discipline” or “When I disciplined them, they refused to learn to obey me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:30 m3cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of the people of Israel killing the prophets as if their sword were a lion that ate the prophets. Alternate translation: “You have killed the prophets brutally with your sword like a destructive lion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:30 px12 0 capable of causing a very large amount of damage
|
||
2:31 iyj9 0 The phrase “this generation” refers to the people who lived when Jeremiah lived. Alternate translation: “You who live today, pay attention to what I, Yahweh, say to you”
|
||
2:31 egz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “a wilderness” and “a land of deep darkness” are metaphors for danger. God uses this question to rebuke the Israelites for behaving as though he had been dangerous. Alternate translation: “You act as though I have been like a wilderness or a land of deep darkness to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
2:31 r2gx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying this. Alternate translation: “You my people say ‘We can go where we want to go and not worship Yahweh anymore.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
2:31 c46a 0 move around or go to different places usually without any particular purpose or direction
|
||
2:32 ajg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The words “will” and “forget” are understood to be part of the second phrase also. Alternate translation: “Will a virgin forget her jewelry, and will a bride forget her veils” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
2:32 snl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 God uses this question to introduce the idea of remembering things that are important to someone. Alternate translation: “You know that a virgin would never forget to put on her jewelry, and a bride would never forget to put on her veils.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
2:32 el7h 0 “a very long time”
|
||
2:33 amu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony 0 God appears to be praising his people for looking for love, but this is irony. He was showing that he was angry with them for being unfaithful to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
|
||
2:33 sl8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of his people worshiping other gods as if they were a woman who is unfaithful to her husband and is looking for other men to love her. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
2:33 ymk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony 0 God speaks of how unfaithful his people are to him as though they were even teaching prostitutes how to be unfaithful to their husbands and find other men to be their lovers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
|
||
2:34 t7iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Blood on their clothes was evidence that they had killed people. Alternate translation: “The blood of innocent, poor people on your clothes shows that you are guilty of killing them” or “You are guilty of killing poor and innocent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
2:34 z8tn 0 “The blood that represents the life”
|
||
2:34 bb1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 If they found people in an act of burglary, this might have been an excuse for killing them. But the people that they murdered were innocent. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You did not discover these people stealing things” or “But you killed them even though they were not even stealing anything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
2:35 w9ip rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here anger is spoken of as if it were a person that could turn away from Israel. Its turning represents Yahweh’s stopping be angry with Israel. Alternate translation: “surely Yahweh has stopped being angry with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
2:35 w15i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “judgment” represents punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
2:36 vpy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh is scolding the Israelites because they changed from one kingdom to another for help but did not rely on God for help. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
2:36 s2aj 0 without care or concern
|
||
2:36 gc4f 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Egypt will also disappoint you”
|
||
2:36 jiq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The people of Israel will be sad because the army of Egypt will not be able protect them. Alternate translation: “You will be disappointed when Egypt does not protect you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
2:36 f9em rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The word “disappointed” is understood from the previous phrase. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “just as you were disappointed by Assyria” or “just as Assyria disappointed you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
2:37 e943 0 “You will go out from Egypt”
|
||
2:37 tk5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 This is a symbol of shame. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
2:37 dzs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so they will not help you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
3:intro v6u2 0 # Jeremiah 03 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:1-5, 12-17, 19-25.\n\nThe prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. The same is true for 3:19-4:3. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Judah told to repent\n\nIf Judah repents, God will bring the people back from the captivity into which he is going to send them. In this book, “Israel” serves as another name Judah because the northern kingdom of Israel no longer exists. The people group formed by these ten tribes had been scattered among the other nations by the Assyrians, who had conquered them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])\n\n### Adultery\nJudah’s faithlessness to God is often pictured as adultery. This is a common image in Scripture. When Judah does not worship God, their nation is spoken of as if it were a woman unfaithful to her husband. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
|
||
3:1 hll9 0 Yahweh continues speaking. This is part of the prophecy that he starts revealing to Jeremiah in [Jeremiah 2:1](../02/01.md).
|
||
3:1 b8c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 God uses this question to remind the people that a man would never return to his wife if another man marries her. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “he would not return to her again.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
3:1 wfd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 God uses this question to remind the people that a married man would not return to his wife if she married another man, because he knows that the land would become ceremonially unclean. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “He knows that if he did, the land would be greatly polluted.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
3:1 f5ac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This is a metaphor for being terribly unacceptable to God. Alternate translation: “completely unacceptable to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:1 j8li rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 God speaks of Israel worshiping many idols as being like a woman having sex with many men. Alternate translation: “You have given your love and trust to idols the way a prostitute gives her body to men who are not her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
3:1 j5dl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
3:2 f7nj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “your eyes” represents looking at something. Alternate translation: “Look up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
3:2 d2qe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of Israel worshiping idols as if they were a woman who had sex with many different men. He uses this question to tell the Israelites that he knows that they have worshiped idols everywhere. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no place where you have not had illicit sex!” or “As a whore sleeps with many men, you have worshiped your idols everywhere!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
3:2 tkw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like a prostitute waiting by the road for any man to come along. Alternate translation: “Like a prostitutes waiting at the roadside for her lovers, you were eager to worship any idol you learned about” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:2 p75c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like someone in the wilderness waiting for anyone to come along so he could rob them. Alternate translation: “like an Arab in the wilderness waiting for people he might rob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
3:2 h79r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 An Arab is a person from Arabia. Some Arabs lived as nomads in the desert and would rob others who came near them. Alternate translation: “a nomad in the wilderness” or “a robber in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||
3:3 bza8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So I withheld the showers from you” or “So I prevented the rains from falling” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
3:3 ry2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The arrogance showing on a person’s face is spoken of as if the face itself were arrogant. Alternate translation: “But the expression on your face shows that you arrogant, like the face of a prostitute” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
3:5 gxd9 0 The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you not” in verse 4 ends here.
|
||
3:5 tm6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you not” in verse 4 ends here. God uses this question to rebuke his people for calling out to him and saying these things. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have just called out to me: ‘My father … youth! Will he … to the end?’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
3:5 ks4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 These questions express the people’s hope that God will not be angry with them forever. They can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Surely he will not always be angry. Surely he will not always keep his wrath to the end.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
3:5 ad4m 0 “pay attention” or “listen”
|
||
3:6 q6wm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 God uses this question to draw Jeremiah’s attention to Israel’s faithlessness. It can be translated as a command or a statement. Alternate translation: “See how faithless Israel is to me.” or “You see how faithless Israel is to me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
3:6 pea6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The people of Israel are spoken of as if Israel were a woman. Alternate translation: “Israel’s people have gone up” or “They have gone up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:6 q6pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 The tops of hills and under shade trees were common places for people to worship idols. The word “every” is used as a generalization to show that the people were worshiping idols in many different places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
3:6 r3ip rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 God speaks as of Israel worshiping idols as if she were a woman having sex with many men. Alternate translation: (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
3:7 wy1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were sisters. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah, who also did not obey me, saw” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:8 nm9n 0 Yahweh continues to speak of Israel and Judah being unfaithful to him as if they were two sisters who were unfaithful wives.
|
||
3:8 k4ts 0 Something that a man writes to certify that he has divorced his wife.
|
||
3:9 l7vx 0 Here prostitution being “nothing” represents Judah not caring about it. Alternate translation: “She did not care about her prostitution” or “She was not ashamed of her prostitution”
|
||
3:9 t26n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “she made my land no good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:9 h9kk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “stones” and “trees” represent the stone and wood material that was used to create idols. The people’s idol worship is spoken of as if they were committing adultery. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:10 u38c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
3:11 cnw5 0 By calling Israel “more righteous” than Judah, God emphasizes that Judah is very guilty. Alternate translation: “Israel has been unfaithful to me, but Judah is even more guilty than Israel”
|
||
3:12 nc94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the north represents the people of Israel who had been taken north to Assyria. Alternate translation: “Go and proclaim these words to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
3:13 vc3r 0 “Admit how you have sinned.” God was speaking to Israel.
|
||
3:13 afy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “strangers” refers to foreign gods. God speaks of Israel worshiping foreign gods as if Israel were a woman who was having sex with strangers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:13 cyd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 People would worship idols under trees. The word “every” is a generalization used to show that the people of Israel worshiped many gods under many different trees. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
3:13 n89f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
3:14 rfl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of Israel belonging to him as if he were Israel’s husband. Alternate translation: “you belong to me as a wife belongs to her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:15 khd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here God speaks of leaders as if they were shepherds and the people they led were sheep. Alternate translation: “I will give you leaders … they will lead you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:15 jfu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “heart” represents Yahweh’s desire or will. The phrase “after my heart” is an idiom that describes people who do God’s will. Alternate translation: “shepherds who do my will” or “shepherds who do what I want” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
3:16 aah8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “you” refers to the people of Israel. The phrase “bear fruit” is a metaphor for having many descendants. Alternate translation: “you will increase greatly in number” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
3:16 dr84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
3:16 p5dj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “come up in their hearts” represents thinking about it. Alternate translation: “They will no longer think of this matter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
3:17 i1da rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Yahweh’s throne” represents the place from where Yahweh rules. Alternate translation: “This is from where Yahweh rules” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
3:17 m3kn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of people’s actions as if the people were walking along a path. Here the word “hearts” represents their minds or wills. Alternate translation: “They will no longer stubbornly do the wicked things that they want to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
3:18 nc4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “walk with” represents being united. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be united with the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:18 gyl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
3:18 f85t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
3:18 ni8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of giving them the land to possess forever as if it were an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land that I gave to your ancestors so that it would belong to their descendants forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:19 mwz9 0 the word “me” refers to Yahweh
|
||
3:19 x77q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations 0 This is an exclamation that expresses God’s desire. Alternate translation: “I want so much to treat you as my son … nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
|
||
3:19 fll8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 God speaks of Israel as if Israel were his son. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
3:19 h67j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of the land he wanted to give to Israel as if it were an inheritance. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:20 p93d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 God speaks of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she were an unfaithful wife. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
3:20 ay61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “kingdom of Israel” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
3:20 y4z7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
3:21 jt6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People hear a noise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
3:21 n3ty 0 “the people of Israel crying and begging loudly”
|
||
3:21 kza9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “have forgotten” represents neglecting or ignoring. Alternate translation: “They have ignored Yahweh their God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:22 y37e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) “heal you of treachery” represents causing Israel to stop being unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to stop being unfaithful to me” or (2) “heal you of treachery” represents forgiving Israel for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will forgive your treachery” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:22 n26k 0 “heal you so you will stop being unfaithful to me”
|
||
3:22 z8l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 It is understood that this is what the people of Israel will say. Alternate translation: “The people will reply, ‘Behold! We will come to you” or “You will say “Behold! We will come to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
3:22 t3nz 0 “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
|
||
3:23 az6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “the hills” represent the people’s worship of false gods on the hills. The people now realize that those false gods could not guide and help them. Alternate translation: “The false gods that we worshiped on the hills could not guide us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
3:23 uic1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 People made a lot of noise on the hills and mountains when they worshiped false gods. Alternate translation: “We made a confusing noise on the mountains while we worshiped them, but they did not help us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
3:23 n3uy 0 “surely Yahweh our God is the savior of Israel” or “surely Yahweh our God is the only one who can save Israel”
|
||
3:24 q1yv 0 This is a list of animals and people that the people of Israel had killed and offered to the idols.
|
||
3:25 qy9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the people are fully aware of their shameful behavior. Alternate translation: “Let us be completely humiliated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
3:25 ny7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Being fully aware of their shame is spoken of as if shame were covering them like a blanket or a garment. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:25 x6vr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are that (1) “the time of our youthfulness” refers to when each person was young. Alternate translation: “from when we were young” or (2) “the time of our youthfulness” is a metaphor that refers to when Israel was first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from when we were first becoming a nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
3:25 u638 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “listened” represents obeying, and “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. Alternate translation: “have not obeyed what Yahweh our God has said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
4:intro yf6n 0 # Jeremiah 04 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:1-9.\n\nThe prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 3:19-4:3. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s punishment\nThis chapter prophecies Yahweh’s punishment on Judah. This should bring Judah to repentance, but it does not. It is also intended to make the nations fear the power of Yahweh and make them desire to worship him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])
|
||
4:1 nmt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Possible meanings are that (1) this is a command that emphasizes who they should return to. Alternate translation: “then come back to me” or “then worship me” (2) this is a repetition of the first phrase, which expresses a condition. Alternate translation: “if you will come back to me” or “if you will start worshiping me again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
4:1 q5zm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “detestable things” refers to idols, which God hates. Alternate translation: “If you remove your disgusting idols from my presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
4:1 g7zg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “wander” is a metaphor for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “if you remain faithful to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:2 qu22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 “As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
4:2 i2an rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “the nations” is a metonym for people of other nations. The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, it can also be translated as “me.” Alternate translation: “people of other nations will bless themselves in me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
4:2 hbb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “bless themselves in him” is a metonym for asking Yahweh to bless them. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations will ask Yahweh to bless them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
4:2 nkf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, “him” can also be translated as “me.” Alternate translation: “they will boast in me” or “they will praise me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
4:3 u4kd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh tells the people to prepare their lives like a farmer prepares the ground for planting. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:4 wva4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh describes the people’s devotion to him in terms of the physical sign of covenant. Alternate translation: “Dedicate yourselves completely to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:4 pp1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
4:4 kf3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Yahweh speaks of becoming extremely angry as if his anger were fire. Alternate translation: “my anger will burn like a fire and no one will be able to stop it” or “I will be extremely angry, and no one will be able to stop me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
4:4 tw9h 0 “great anger”
|
||
4:5 e8kp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
4:5 j19h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “cause the people in Jerusalem to hear it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
4:5 lrv2 0 The trumpet would warn the people that their enemies were coming to attack them.
|
||
4:5 n1n6 0 They would go to the fortified cities for protection from their enemies.
|
||
4:6 tf7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These words mean basically the same thing. The phrase “a great collapse” defines what the “disaster” will be. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
4:6 xug6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This represents God sending an army from the north to cause disaster and destruction in Judah. Alternate translation: “for I will cause an army from the north to come and destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:6 d4sz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This represents an enemy army that would come from the north. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
4:7 a149 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of a powerful army as if it were a fierce lion. Alternate translation: “A powerful and merciless army approaches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:7 myr9 0 a set of bushes that grew closely together
|
||
4:7 lwr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “someone” represents a king and his army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
4:7 w16d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom refers to starting to move. Alternate translation: “is starting to march” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
4:7 cix1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This represents destroying the land, which would cause people who see it to be horrified. Alternate translation: “to destroy your land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
4:8 q3kk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 People would wear sackcloth to show that they were very sad. In this context it would be to show that they were very sorry for the bad things they had done. Alternate translation: “put on the clothes that show you are mourning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
4:8 j7pi 0 cry loudly
|
||
4:8 pwd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Anger is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could turn away from people. Here “Yahweh’s anger has not turned away from us” means that Yahweh is still very angry with the people. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is still very angry with us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:9 l39s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hearts” represent courage. Also “the hearts … will die” represents losing courage and being afraid. Alternate translation: “the king and his officials will stop being courageous” or “the king and his officials will be terrified” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:10 u3zu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here enemies being ready to kill people is spoken of as if the sword was a person striking at people. Alternate translation: “our enemies are ready to slaughter us with their swords” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
4:11 eaf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
4:11 l2gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here a “burning wind” represents a fierce and merciless enemy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:11 apu1 0 “will travel” or “will rush”
|
||
4:11 c8vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. Alternate translation: “my people, who are like a daughter to me” or “my dear people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:11 y4pq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “winnow” and “cleanse” refer to blowing away the useless skins from grain. Only a light wind was needed for that. Alternate translation: “It will not be a light wind for blowing the chaff away from the grain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:12 xws1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 far stronger than the “burning wind” of verse 11. The wind is a metaphor for a fierce and merciless enemy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:12 s27n 0 “will come when I command it to come”
|
||
4:12 rx21 0 This expression in Hebrew is interpreted by some modern versions as “for me” or “from me.”
|
||
4:12 y377 0 “announce their punishment”
|
||
4:13 t3g7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The word “he” refers to the enemy king and his army. The great size of the army is spoken of as if they were giant storm clouds. Alternate translation: “See, great armies like giant clouds are gathering to attack” or “See, great armies are gathering to attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
4:13 y26t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The enemies’ chariots are spoken of as if they were like a storm. Storms can be noisy, destructive, and fast-moving. Alternate translation: “the roar of their chariots coming is like a fierce storm” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
4:13 pd5b 0 “This is terrible”
|
||
4:13 rkz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for they will devastate us” or “for they will destroy us all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
4:14 n8cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This is a warning to the people living in Jerusalem to repent. “Cleanse your heart” is a metaphor for removing evil from their lives. Alternate translation: “People of Jerusalem, stop being evil” or “People of Jerusalem, stop living wickedly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:14 wj5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question is used to rebuke the people for always planning how to sin. Alternate translation: “Your deepest thoughts are about how to sin!” or “You are always thinking about how to sin!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
4:15 ri3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “a voice” represents a messenger. Alternate translation: “a messenger comes and tells about what is happening in Dan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
4:15 w5rx 0 This probably refers to the region of Dan, which was west of Jerusalem.
|
||
4:15 mu7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people hear about the disaster that is coming from Ephraim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
4:15 t4qv 0 By hearing that the enemies had gotten to Dan and Ephraim, people in Jerusalem would understand that the enemies were getting closer to them.
|
||
4:16 e4lv 0 Besiegers are soldiers who surround a city in order to keep the people in the city from being able to get supplies of food and water.
|
||
4:17 b2nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Carefully guarding a city to keep people from going in and out is spoken of as if they are carefully watching a field to keep people from stealing from it. Alternate translation: “they will guard Jerusalem carefully like watchmen who carefully guard a cultivated field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
4:17 vj61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Jerusalem was often spoken of as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
4:18 vwi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here “conduct” and “deeds” are spoken of as if they are people that could do things. These abstract nouns can be expressed with the phrase “what you have done.” Alternate translation: “These things are happening to you because of what you have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
4:18 xek6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “heart” probably refers to the emotions, and “strike your very heart” probably refers to causing them to suffer terribly. Alternate translation: “It will be as if it strikes your very heart” or “It will cause you to suffer terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:19 yrw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “heart” represents painful emotions, such as grief and fear. The phrase is repeated to express the intensity of the pain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
4:19 zw89 0 The speaker feels severe emotional pain that causes severe physical pain.
|
||
4:19 l92y 0 “My heart is beating wildly.” Here “heart” refers to the body part. It is turbulent because it is beating much stronger and faster than normal.
|
||
4:19 a6je 0 full of confusion, violence, or disorder; not stable or steady
|
||
4:20 eaz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Enemies have suddenly destroyed my tents” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
4:20 edb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The words “are destroyed” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “my curtains are destroyed in a moment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
4:20 b4gs 0 Curtains are cloths that are hung to separate the rooms in the tents.
|
||
4:21 k2xu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Jeremiah uses these questions to show his distress about seeing the battle flag and hearing the sound of the horn for such a long time. He wishes that the battle would end soon. It can be stated as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Oh, how I wish that the battle would end, and the flag would be lowered, and the sound of the army’s horn would stop” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
4:21 cy1e 0 “the battle flag”
|
||
4:21 bdm1 0 Someone would blow the horn as a signal for battle.
|
||
4:22 q9tl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It can be stated clearly that Yahweh says this. This is probably his reply to Jeremiah, telling why the battle is still happening. Alternate translation: “Yahweh replied, ‘It is because of the foolishness of my people … do not know to do good.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
4:22 ci3d 0 “stupid people”
|
||
4:23 lj51 0 Jeremiah describes a vision that God gave him about things that would happen later.
|
||
4:23 r4yf 0 The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
|
||
4:23 p6iz 0 This vision is a prophecy of what the land of Israel would be like after the people were all taken into captivity.
|
||
4:23 ex8r 0 “there were no lights in the sky”
|
||
4:26 y7ek 0 “all the cities had been destroyed” or “all the cities were a heap of ruins”
|
||
4:26 zkf9 0 This indicates that all these things would happen because Yahweh was so angry with the people of Judah.
|
||
4:27 zmu6 0 “All the land of Judah will be devastated” or “all the land of Judah will be ruined”
|
||
4:28 a8f6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Jeremiah emphasizes Yahweh’s judgment by saying that the earth itself expresses great sorrow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
4:28 p7nd 0 “I will not change my mind”
|
||
4:28 nz7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “turn” represents deciding not to do what he said he would do. Alternate translation: “I will not change my mind about doing what I said I would do” or “I will not refuse to do what I planned to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:29 s7su rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “city” represents the people living in the city. Alternate translation: “The people of every city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
4:29 w9pv 0 a group of soldiers riding horses
|
||
4:29 q17v 0 They will run away to the forests for safety.
|
||
4:29 v4z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Alternate translation: “The cities will be empty. There will be no one left to live in them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
4:30 dp7c 0 Yahweh speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute because they were unfaithful to him by worshiping other gods.
|
||
4:30 n253 0 Yahweh continues speaking to Judah.
|
||
4:30 cmv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question is used to tell the people of Judah that there is nothing they can do to help themselves. Alternate translation: “Now that your enemies have devastated you, there is nothing you can do to find help. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
4:30 r96u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 God speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute making herself look beautiful in order to attract men to her. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Like a prostitute you dress in scarlet … good jewelry … eyes … with paint” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
4:30 qfd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “scarlet” represents expensive, red clothing. Alternate translation: “you wear expensive red clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
4:30 r71v 0 “you put on gold jewelry”
|
||
4:30 z4md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of the nations that Judah had depended on for wealth and business as if they were men who lusted after Judah. Those nations would reject Judah when they see God’s judgment. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:30 vu5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “trying to take your life away” represents trying to kill the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “They are trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
4:31 fqh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This simile is used to show how greatly distressed Judah will be. Alternate translation: “severe distress as in the pain and suffering a woman has while giving birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
4:31 l6l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God shows his love for the people of Jerusalem by speaking of them as a daughter. Alternate translation: “my dear daughter, Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
4:31 j9ka 0 “I am in great danger”
|
||
4:31 r56w 0 “I am becoming weak”
|
||
5:intro hq1g 0 # Jeremiah 05 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 5:1-31.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n### Hyperbole\nIt is possible that Yahweh is using the word “a” (meaning “even one”) as hyperbole when he states, “If you can find a man or anyone who is acting justly and trying to act faithfully, then I will forgive Jerusalem.” The purpose of this is to show how evil Jerusalem had become. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nYahweh asks several rhetorical questions in this chapter. This is intended to show Jeremiah the justness of his actions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
5:1 wtq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
5:1 a164 0 “Go quickly through the streets”
|
||
5:1 ig3t 0 “look and find out”
|
||
5:1 qf12 0 broad and open places in a city where people can gather
|
||
5:1 rhm7 0 “who does what is just”
|
||
5:2 y47l 0 The word “they” refers to the people of Jerusalem.
|
||
5:2 ey96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 “as surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
5:3 cl5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that what Yahweh really wants is faithfulness. Wanting people to be faithful is spoken of as looking for faithfulness. Alternate translation: “you look for faithfulness.” or “you want people to be faithful.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:3 dma9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God punished his people in various ways. Here it is spoken of as if he hit them. Alternate translation: “You punish the people, but they do not pay attention” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:3 bwd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “to receive discipline” represents learning from discipline to do what is right. Alternate translation: “they still refuse to learn their lesson” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:3 v9en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Hard faces represents the expression on their faces that shows that they are stubborn. The simile “harder than rock” shows that the people are extremely stubborn. Alternate translation: “They are extremely stubborn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
5:4 ty12 0 Jeremiah is speaking.
|
||
5:5 mu9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The yoke and chains represent the law which bind God and his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:6 d8ks rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 These are dangerous animals that can kill people. Possible meanings are that (1) this really is about wild animals killing people or (2) these wild animals are metaphors for enemy armies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:6 ei8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 One possible meaning is that these are metaphors for enemy armies who will attack Judah. Alternate translation: “Like a lion from the thicket, a wolf from the Arabah, and a lurking panther, enemy armies will come against their cities, attack them, and destroy them. Anyone who goes outside his city will be killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:6 qkm7 0 a set of bushes that grew closely together.
|
||
5:6 a7xd 0 a large wild dangerous dog
|
||
5:6 nb63 0 watching for an opportunity to attack
|
||
5:6 jm2c 0 a large wild dangerous cat
|
||
5:6 eb17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “transgressions” can be translated with the verb “sin.” Alternate translation: “For they sin much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
5:6 bl92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract nouns in “acts of faithlessness” can be translated as “the faithless things they do.” Alternate translation: “The faithless things they do are many” or “They do many faithless things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
5:7 tgq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he has no reason to pardon these people. Alternate translation: “Because of the things that they do, I cannot pardon these people.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
5:7 i1na 0 the people of Jerusalem
|
||
5:7 duz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Yahweh is speaking to Jerusalem as though she were a woman who had children. Jerusalem’s “sons” represent the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
5:7 mvg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Providing all they needed is spoken of as feeding them. Alternate translation: “I gave them everything they needed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:7 cc9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This may be a metaphor for being unfaithful to God and worshiping idols, but idol worship also included prostitution. Alternate translation: “they were unfaithful to me and went in large numbers to the houses of prostitutes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:7 vq87 0 “went in large groups to the houses of prostitutes” or “large groups of them went to the houses of prostitutes”
|
||
5:8 m3wt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Because the God speaks of them as if they were horses that wanted to mate with other horses. Alternate translation: “They were like horses in heat … neighed to his neighbor’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:8 yq1u 0 ready to mate
|
||
5:8 u1ts 0 when animals breed to reproduce
|
||
5:8 hgv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Male horses neigh loudly to female horses when they want to mate with them. Alternate translation: “Like horses who mate with more than one horse, these men wanted to sleep with other men’s wives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:9 i5z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. Alternate translation: “Because they do these things, I will punish them … I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
5:9 l377 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
5:10 rwg3 0 Yahweh continues to speak. Here he speaks to the enemies of Israel.
|
||
5:10 uh17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 In verses 10-13 Yahweh speaks to Israel’s enemies. This can be made clear in the quotation. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Israel, go up onto her vineyards’ terraces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
5:10 tnx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were a vineyard and the people there were vines. Alternate translation: “Go up into Israel and Judah, which are like a vineyard to me, and destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:10 q848 0 “do not completely destroy them”
|
||
5:10 dtf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “their” refers to the vineyards. Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel and Judah as if they were vines. Alternate translation: “like farmers who trim the vines of a vineyard, you must remove many of the people of Israel and Judah, because they do not belong to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:11 r8hw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for a person’s descendants. In this case it refers to the people of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: “For the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
5:11 b2gh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
5:12 hy7p 0 “They have spoken falsely about Yahweh by saying”
|
||
5:12 i2ai rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two sentences say the same thing, the second is more specific than the first. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
5:12 b9kn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “come upon us” means “happen to us.” Alternate translation: “No harm will happen to us” or “no one will harm us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
5:12 g399 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “see” is a metaphor for experience, and “sword” is a metonym for war. Alternate translation: “we will not experience war or famine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
5:13 b87v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “prophets” is a metonym that represents what the prophets say, and “wind” is a metaphor for something that does not do anything. Alternate translation: “The prophets words are just noisy wind” or “The prophets make noise like the wind, but what they prophesy will not happen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:13 z6ye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Here “the word” refers to God’s message. Alternate translation: “God’s message is not in them” or “the messages that they speak are not from God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
5:13 nhv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It can be stated clearly what kinds of things the prophets were talking about. Alternate translation: “so let the harm that the prophets talk about come to them” or “since the prophets say that bad things will happen to us, let those bad things happen to the prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
5:14 r6t4 0 The word “you” refers to the people of Israel and Judah.
|
||
5:14 x6w7 0 See what the people said in [Jeremiah 5:12](../05/12.md).
|
||
5:14 pet2 0 “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||
5:14 e41j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “place my word in your mouth” represents causing Jeremiah to speak God’s message. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to speak my message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:14 bax7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Yahweh speaks of his message as if it were a fire, and of his people as if they were wood. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
5:14 th8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “For my message will consume them.” Yahweh’s message was about how he would punish his people, so he speaks as if his message would destroy them as a fire destroys wood. Alternate translation: “For when you speak my message, it will destroy the people of Israel as fire destroys wood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:15 hr3d 0 “to attack you.” The word “you” refers to the people of Israel.
|
||
5:15 w6v8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how long the nation has existed. This refers to the nation from far away that Yahweh will bring against Israel. Alternate translation: “it is a very old and enduring nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
5:15 f6kv 0 “an enduring nation” or “a very strong nation”
|
||
5:15 c9wc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the Israelites do not know the language of those people. It may imply that the Israelites have not had much contact with them. Alternate translation: “It is a nation whose language you will not understand at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
5:16 ub23 0 Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
|
||
5:16 yjs1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Its quiver” represents the enemy nation’s army, and the arrows in the quiver represent the soldiers in the army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
5:16 a4wr 0 a container for holding arrows
|
||
5:16 nsx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 An open tomb is one that is prepared to have many dead bodies put in it. The enemy army will kill many people. Alternate translation: “That nation’s army will use their arrows and kill many people” or “Because of the arrows of its army, many people will die and be buried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
5:17 x18i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are that (1) their harvest and their food that was for their sons and daughters would be consumed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food for your sons and daughters will be consumed” or (2) their harvest, sons and daughters, and food would all be consumed. The idea of the sons and daughters being “consumed” would be a metaphor for killed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food will be consumed, and your sons and daughters will be killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:17 ty62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the army of that nation will eat the food that you expected to harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
5:17 ycw1 0 Possible meanings are that (1) the enemies would eat the food that the sons and daughters should eat, or (2) the enemies will destroy the sons and daughters and eat the food.
|
||
5:17 e76e 0 The word “They” refers to the army of that nation.
|
||
5:17 aj2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The sword is a synecdoche for all of the different weapons that people use in war. Alternate translation: “They will use their weapons to conquer your strong cities that you trusted to protect you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
5:17 fe1b 0 Fortified cities had a wall around them to protect the people inside from their enemies outside.
|
||
5:17 evt5 0 “that you thought were strong enough to keep you safe”
|
||
5:18 hp6x 0 Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Jeremiah.
|
||
5:18 fq65 0 “will not destroy”
|
||
5:19 v6cs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The phrase “these things” refers to sending armies to attack them. Alternate translation: “done all these things to harm us” or “sent foreign armies to attack us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
5:19 f6pe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “served foreign gods” represents worshiping foreign gods. God would punish them for serving foreign gods by making them serve foreign people. Alternate translation: “Because you … worshiped foreign gods in your land, you will have to serve foreigners” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:20 h8i5 0 Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
|
||
5:20 i1qw 0 “Tell this”
|
||
5:20 x88v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Translate “house of Jacob” as in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
5:20 c3ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be expressed in active from. Alternate translation: “Let those in Judah hear it” or “announce it in Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
5:21 huc3 0 “who do not understand” or “who understand nothing”
|
||
5:21 iqw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “cannot see” is a metonym for not understanding. Alternate translation: “you do not understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
5:21 h6v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “cannot hear” represents not understanding. “Alternate translation: “you do not understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
5:22 y6ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people are extremely foolish because they do not fear Yahweh. Alternate translation: “It is foolish that you do not fear me … face!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
5:22 u7l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The trembling would be because of fear, and being “before my face” represents being aware of who God is. Alternate translation: “or shake with fear because of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
5:22 l6nf 0 “I placed the sand as the border for the sea”
|
||
5:22 l23z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of the ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “an everlasting limit that it cannot cross” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:22 ayh2 0 “moves back and forth”
|
||
5:22 kd3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “the ocean does not violate my decree.” God speaks of ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “it does not succeed in going past the border” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:23 ic83 0 Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
|
||
5:23 l32t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The people’s heart represents their attitude toward God. If Yahweh is speaking to the people, this can also be expressed with the word “you.” Alternate translation: “but you people have a stubborn heart. You turn” or “but you people are stubborn. You turn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
5:23 cf4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “it” refers to the people. Here “goes away” represents disobeying God. Alternate translation: “They rebel and disobey me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:24 s5r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “their hearts” represent their thoughts, and “say” represents thinking. Alternate translation: “they do not think” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:24 k3at rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Here “keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest” represents making sure that those weeks happen at the right time. Alternate translation: “making sure for us that the weeks of harvest happen when they are supposed to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
5:25 g8i4 0 The word “Your” refers to the descendants of Jacob and the people of Judah.
|
||
5:25 kl5g 0 This refers to the rains and the harvests.
|
||
5:25 th39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Good things “coming” represents good things happening. “Because of your sins, good things have stopped happening to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:26 k1ep 0 Yahweh continues to speak.
|
||
5:26 x9gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For I have found wicked men among my people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
5:26 zk7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 God speaks of wicked people wanting to harm someone as if they were waiting to capture birds. Alternate translation: “Like someone hiding and waiting to capture birds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
5:26 rv4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of wicked people intentionally harming others as if they were setting a trap. Alternate translation: “They set things up so that they can take advantage of people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:27 qx63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Here “deceit” represents the things that were taken by deceit. Alternate translation: Like a cage full of birds that a hunter has caught, wicked people’s houses are full of things that they have taken by deceiving people (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
5:27 ktf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “large” represents powerful. Alternate translation: “these wicked people become powerful and rich” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:28 cw6j 0 Possible meanings are (1) their skin shines because of the healthy food they eat, or (2) their body is smooth because of the muscle and fat between their bones and skin. It indicates that they eat well.
|
||
5:28 plb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Doing all kinds of wicked things is spoken of as if there were a boundary separating some wicked things from things that are even more wicked. Alternate translation: “They do all kinds of wicked things” or “They even do the most wicked things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:28 mc4l 0 “They do not plead with the rulers to give the people and the orphans what they need” or “They do not plead with the rulers to give justice to the people and the orphans”
|
||
5:28 fdb8 0 “they have not helped the needy by doing what is just for them”
|
||
5:29 pah8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. See how you translated a similar sentence in [Jeremiah 5:9](../05/09.md). Alternate translation: “So I will punish them, this is Yahweh’s declaration. I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.”(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
5:29 s1ep rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
5:30 y4qb 0 Yahweh continues to speak.
|
||
5:30 jnz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This can be stated more actively. Alternate translation: “People do terrible and horrible things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
5:30 a5il rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Here “the land” refers to the land of Israel.’ Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
5:31 m6tl 0 These are the atrocities and horrors that are spoken of in verse 30.
|
||
5:31 jd9n 0 “The prophets prophesy lies” or “The prophets tell lies when they prophesy”
|
||
5:31 md9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Possible meanings are (1) the priests do not submit to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “the priests rule by their own authority” or (2) the priests rule according to the directions of the prophets (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
5:31 lf6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 “but what will you do at the end of all of this?” Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people will regret being wicked when he punishes them for it. Alternate translation: “but in the end I will punish you and you will be regret your wicked behavior” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
6:intro f4ic 0 # Jeremiah 06 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 6:1-30.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Gods and battle\nIn the ancient Near East, it was commonly believed that a nation’s gods were responsible for military victory. It may have been believed that a god would not defend an evil city. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
|
||
6:1 h511 0 Yahweh is speaking.
|
||
6:1 f21l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “Find safety” represents doing what they can in order to be safe. Alternate translation: “Be safe … by leaving Jerusalem” or “Leave Jerusalem … so that you can be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
6:1 a8g6 0 This is who Yahweh was speaking to.
|
||
6:1 h78h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 A trumpet is used as a warning that people will be attacked. Alternate translation: “Blow a trumpet in Tekoa to warn the people that they will be attacked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
6:1 v1e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a town about 18 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “a horn for blowing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
6:1 m5nz 0 Possible meanings are (1) the signal is smoke from a fire. Alternate translation: “Light a fire to send up smoke at Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming” or (2) the signal is a flag. Alternate translation: “Raise up a flag over the town of Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming”
|
||
6:1 cj9u 0 the name of a town about 10 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “the place of the vineyard.”
|
||
6:1 fa2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “wickedness” represents disaster and the people who will cause it. Alternate translation: “enemies will come from the north and cause disaster to happen to you” or “enemies coming from the north will destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:1 sub6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 How the crushing will come can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Enemies will come and crush you” or “Enemies will come and destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
6:2 cw79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Zion is another name for Jerusalem. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as though it were a woman. He speaks of it as a daughter to show his love for Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “My dear Zion, which is like a beautiful and delicate woman” or “My dear Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
6:3 l12q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Kings were often spoken of as shepherds of their people. Alternate translation: “The kings and their soldiers will go to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:3 j632 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The phrase “against her” means “in order to attack Zion.” Alternate translation: “they will set up tents all around Zion in order to attack it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
6:3 g9el rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 God speaks of kings leading their armies to destroy the land, as if they were shepherds leading their sheep to eat grass. Alternate translation: “like a shepherd each king will lead his army” or “each king will lead his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:3 uz2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “hand” represents the portion of something someone his assigned to take in his hand. Here it refers to the portion of land the king is assigned to conquer. Alternate translation: “and conquer his portion of the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:4 u13f 0 A king from the attacking army is speaking to the men under his control.
|
||
6:4 ejj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It can be stated clearly that the kings say this. Alternate translation: “The kings say to their armies, ‘Dedicate yourselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
6:4 am3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The attacking army tries to ensure that their gods will help them during the war by performing ceremonies and making sacrifices to them. Alternate translation: “Prepare for war by purifying yourselves and sacrificing to the gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
6:4 l529 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 To arise or stand up is a metaphor for no longer watching and thinking and instead beginning to act. Alternate translation: “Let us stop thinking and begin to attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:4 ldp8 0 “Let us attack Jerusalem at noon”
|
||
6:4 d1mc 0 The kings say this later in the day when they want their army to keep fighting even though it is getting dark.
|
||
6:4 hnt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The end of the day is spoken of in terms of its light becoming dark. Alternate translation: “the day is ending” or “it is beginning to get dark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:4 su9l 0 “are stretching out” or “are getting longer”
|
||
6:5 jc1c 0 “during the night even though it is dark”
|
||
6:5 qmf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 People often spoke of cities as if they were women. Her the word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the strong buildings of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
6:6 unq2 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh.
|
||
6:6 crp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 God says this to the army that will attack Jerusalem. The word “her” refers to Jerusalem; cities were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: “Cut down the trees outside of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
6:6 v6t3 0 Siegeworks are either high mounds of dirt or high ramps made of wood that the enemies build outside the city wall in order go on top of the wall and attack the people inside the city.
|
||
6:6 p62r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “it is filled with oppression” represents people there always oppressing people. Alternate translation: “because its people are always oppressing each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:7 x25i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Here “this city keeps producing wickedness” represents people in the city continuing to do wicked things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
6:7 q16a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hear violence and disorder in her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
6:7 ky66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 These things being “before” God’s face represents him seeing them. Alternate translation: “I constantly see sickness and wounds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
6:8 ctm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here God speaks to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the city itself. Alternate translation: “Accept discipline, you people of Jerusalem … make your land into a ruin, an uninhabited land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:8 nn5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Accept discipline” here is a metaphor for learning from discipline. Alternate translation: “Learn from your discipline” or “When I punish you, learn to do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:8 vvn8 0 “a land that has no people living in it”
|
||
6:9 sz1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of the enemy attacking those who remain as if the enemy were to pick grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. Alternate translation: “After destroying Israel, they will certainly come back to attack the people who are still alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:9 e5tr 0 The word “They” refers to the enemy that Yahweh sends to destroy Israel.
|
||
6:9 kl5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh commands the enemy to attack those who remain in Israel as if the enemy were pick to grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. Alternate translation: “Come back and attack the people of Israel who remain” or “Like people who reach out again to pick grapes from vines that they have already harvested, come back and attack the people who remain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:10 g9ic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that none of the people of Israel would listen to him even after they survived the attack of their enemies. Alternate translation: “There is no one left for me to speak to and warn who might listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
6:10 uv57 0 “You can see it yourself”
|
||
6:10 p8ap rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This represents their stubborn unwillingness to listen to God. Alternate translation: “Their ears are closed” or “They refuse to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:10 n19z 0 The word “Their” refer to the people of Israel.
|
||
6:10 yw68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to them. He did this through his prophets. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent messages to them” or “Yahweh has spoken to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
6:10 p8sc 0 “they do not want to listen to the word of Yahweh”
|
||
6:11 dqg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Jeremiah is speaking. He feels the same anger that Yahweh feels, and he speaks of being extremely angry as if he were filled with anger. Alternate translation: “I am completely angry as Yahweh is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
6:11 bdn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of not showing Yahweh’s anger as if he were holding the anger inside himself. Alternate translation: “I am tired from not expressing this anger” or “I am tired of not doing anything about this anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:11 mm2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of punishing the people of Israel as if his anger were a liquid that he wanted Jeremiah to pour out on them. Alternate translation: “In anger punish the children in the streets and the groups of young men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:11 xce7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Because enemies will capture every man with his wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
6:11 p4cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The words “will be taken” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “every old person heavy with years will be taken” or “they will take every old person heavy with years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
6:11 ug45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “heavy with years” is an idiom that means “very old.” It reinforces the phrase “old person.” Alternate translation: “every very old person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
6:12 c4qb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Their houses will become the possession of other people” or “There people will take their houses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
6:12 m3qu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The phrase “will be turned over to others” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “and their fields and their women will also be turned over to others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
6:12 efu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
6:13 eyw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 The phrase “from the least to the greatest” shows that all the people of Israel are included in the phrase “all of them,” regardless of how important they are. Alternate translation: “all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and every one else, are greedy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
6:13 vs6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
6:13 gwi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
6:13 vdj4 0 “all of the people of Israel”
|
||
6:13 qw1u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “gain” can be expressed with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
6:13 b8dn 0 “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
|
||
6:14 it97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They acts as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:14 kz57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:14 lqp6 0 “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it is not well”
|
||
6:15 l12m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
6:15 vc8r 0 When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red. Alternate translation: “their faces did not even turn red”
|
||
6:15 c3ai rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “fall” represents being killed. Alternate translation: “they will be killed along with the others who are killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:15 qg6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “will be brought down” represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them when I punish them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
6:16 s27z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It can be stated clearly who Yahweh says this to. Alternate translation: “Yahweh says this to the people of Israel” or “Yahweh says this to his people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
6:16 s5rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The roads and pathways refer to ways that people live their lives. Yahweh wants the people of Israel to ask what is the good way to live their lives and for them to live that way. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:16 ez9b 0 This refers to the place where two roads meet.
|
||
6:16 s5kk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The ancient pathways represent their ancestors’s behavior, how their ancestors lived long ago. Alternate translation: “ask about the pathways that your ancestors walked on” or “ask about how your ancestors behaved” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:16 h56h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) “this good way” represents the good way to live. Alternate translation: “What is the good way to live” or (2) “this good way” represents the way to live that results in blessings. Alternate translation: “Where is the way to what is good” or “What is the way to live that results in blessing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:16 a4xf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “Then walk on that path.” Going on that path represents living that way. Alternate translation: “Then live that way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:16 s29n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This represents not living that way. Alternate translation: “We will not live that way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:17 zs9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of his prophets as if they were watchmen who were sent to warn the people of danger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:17 jp7i 0 The word “you” refers to the people of Israel.
|
||
6:17 a3n7 0 “to listen to the sound of the trumpet.” Yahweh speaks of his warning messages to his prophets as if the messages were a trumpet being blown to warn people about the danger that would come. The prophets were to listen to the warning and tell the people about it.
|
||
6:18 upm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 These two sentences are telling the people of other nations to witness what Yahweh will do to the rebellious people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Therefore, you people of other nations, listen! You witnesses, see what will happen to my people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
|
||
6:18 k97t 0 “Therefore, nations, listen to what I am about to say!”
|
||
6:18 cge9 0 “you who are witnesses”
|
||
6:18 zw4l 0 The word “them” refers to the people of Israel.
|
||
6:19 jt8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe 0 Jeremiah is speaking to the people of nations far away from him as if they could hear him. He is speaking as if to the earth itself. Alternate translation: “Listen, everyone who lives on the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:19 yn3n 0 “soon I will punish these people severely”
|
||
6:19 dce8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the word “fruit” represents results or consequences. Alternate translation: “the consequences of their thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:19 du18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Here “paid no attention to my word” refers to not listening to what God said, and “rejected it” refers to refusing to obey God’s law. Alternate translation: “They did not listen to what I said. Instead they disobeyed my law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
6:20 p9c4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 God uses these questions to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “Frankincense from Sheba and sweet smelling cane from a distant land mean nothing to me.” or “I do not want your burnt offerings of frankincense from Sheba or sweet smelling cane from a distant land.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
6:20 lzv5 0 People would burn sweet smelling cane as an offering to God.
|
||
6:20 x7y3 0 “do not please me” or “do not make me happy”
|
||
6:21 nwr1 0 “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I”
|
||
6:21 d486 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “I am about to put obstacles in front of this people.” Yahweh speaks of the troubles that he will make happen to the people of Israel as if they were a blocks that people stumble over. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:21 wc6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The phrase “will stumble” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “fathers and sons will both stumble” or “fathers and sons will both be hurt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
6:21 eq4s 0 “Neighbors and their friends”
|
||
6:22 yxt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Their purpose can be made clear. Alternate translation: “a people is coming to attack you” or “an army is coming” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
6:22 a582 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “nation” represents the army of the nation. Alternate translation: “the army of a great nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
6:22 xr58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Being “stirred up” represents preparing to do something. Alternate translation: “is being prepared to come from a distant land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:23 m4uq 0 “The soldiers will carry bows and spears”
|
||
6:23 bam3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the ocean. Alternate translation: “The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the ocean” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
6:23 xl54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The phrase “set out in order” means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase “as men for battle” indicates that they are ready to fight. Alternate translation: “they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight against you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
6:24 fbb5 0 The word “We” probably refers to Jeremiah and the people of Judah.
|
||
6:24 l8gs 0 “our hands are weak because we are anxious”
|
||
6:24 d28c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if the anguish grabs them. Alternate translation: “We feel terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:24 b25e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman who is about to give birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
6:25 k3f1 0 Jeremiah speaks to the people of Jerusalem. Some versions interpret this as Yahweh speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
|
||
6:25 n3uk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The phrase “swords of the enemy” represents the enemy with their swords ready to attack. The abstract noun “terror” refers to things that cause people to be frightened and can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “For the enemy is everywhere with their swords and everyone else is terrified” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
6:26 ti8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah shows Yahweh’s love for his people by speaking to them as a daughter. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “My people, you who are like a daughter to me” or “My dear people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:26 bkm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 People do these things to show that they are extremely sad. Alternate translation: “Show how sad you are by wearing sackcloth and rolling in ashes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
6:26 u1nu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Jeremiah compares the people’s great sadness to the sadness that a mother feels if her only son dies. Alternate translation: “mourn with painful sobs as you would if your only son died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
6:26 as8r 0 “because the enemy army will suddenly come to attack us”
|
||
6:27 nfn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is speaking to Jeremiah. God speaks of the people of Israel being very sinful as if they were silver that was full of impurities. God speaks of punishing Israel to make them stop sinning as if he were boiling silver and lead in a hot fire in order to remove the impurities from the silver. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:27 i71y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Yahweh compares Jeremiah testing his people to a person who tests metal to see how good it is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
6:27 uh6e 0 “their behavior” or “how they live”
|
||
6:28 lmk7 0 “and constantly slander other people”
|
||
6:28 qg4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Bronze and iron are hard metals. Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they were hard like bronze and iron. Alternate translation: “All of them are hard like bronze and iron” or “All of them are stubborn, as hard as bronze and iron” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:29 zb2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 God speaks of punishing his people as if they were silver and he was boiling the silver in a very hot fire. These phrases emphasize that the one boiling the metal was working very hard. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
6:29 zf3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The fire is so hot that it burns the bellows. This can be stated in active form. This very hot fire represents God’s judgment. Alternate translation: “The fire is so hot that it scorches the bellows” or “The punishment is so severe that it is like a fire that even burns the bellows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
6:29 r6p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown 0 Bellows are a tool used to blow large amounts of air into a burning fire to make the fire hotter. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||
6:29 a9dw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The silver has so many impurities in it that the lead is used up before it can remove them all. This represents the people of Israel being so full of sin, that they continue to sin even after God punishes them. Alternate translation: “the silver is so full of impurities, that the lead that is used to remove them is used up” or “they are like silver that is so full of impurities that the lead cannot remove them all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:29 fd3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will continue to refine them” or “You will continue to try to purify them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
6:29 ujx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 God speaks of Israel continuing to be evil as if they were silver and the impurities remained in the silver. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because the evil remains” or “the impurities remain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
6:30 q4md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will say about the people of Israel, ‘They are rejected silver,’ for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
7:intro i2dl 0 # Jeremiah 07 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:29-34, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Justice in society\nJeremiah commanded the people of Jerusalem to live justly. Without justice, they did not truly have faith in Yahweh. Without this faith in Yahweh, the temple and its rituals were useless. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “Do not pray for this people”\nYahweh wanted the people to repent. This statement, and the others that follow, may be taken in another way. They are intended to show that it is too late for the people, and their punishment will come regardless of their response. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
|
||
7:1 y68e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said,” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
7:2 bj92 0 “all you people of Judah”
|
||
7:3 vlv3 0 Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
|
||
7:3 f884 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
7:3 c23a 0 “If you improve your ways and your practices, then I will let you continue”
|
||
7:3 s5g6 0 This means in the land of Judah, not in the temple.
|
||
7:4 e2w3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns 0 The reflexive pronoun “yourself” emphasizes the personal risk to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “Do not trust in deceitful words to protect you, saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
|
||
7:4 ru5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh and represents his presence, he will protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. Possible meanings for why “Temple of Yahweh” is repeated three times are (1) it was repeated for emphasis or (2) it was repeated as part of a temple liturgy. Alternate translation: “This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one will destroy it and we are safe.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
7:5 yex8 0 Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
|
||
7:5 b71h 0 “improve your ways and practices.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:3](../07/03.md).
|
||
7:5 s949 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “judge rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
7:6 f96n 0 “treat fairly the foreigner”
|
||
7:6 klb1 0 child whose parents have died
|
||
7:6 ivv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here pouring out innocent blood represents killing those not deserving death. Alternate translation: “kill innocent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:6 q1kh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:6 q3q6 0 Here “this place” refers to the land of Judah.
|
||
7:7 p965 0 “will let you continue to live”
|
||
7:7 n3ke 0 “from ancient times and continually.” This means Yahweh gave the land to the people of Judah to be their permanent possession.
|
||
7:8 d4gt 0 The word “you” in these verses refers to the people of Judah.
|
||
7:8 znm8 0 Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
|
||
7:8 s1dh 0 The word “Behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the information that follows.
|
||
7:9 bi95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 These questions expect a positive answer to make the point that God knows the sins they are committing. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You steal, kill, and commit adultery. You swear … and walk after other gods whom you have not known.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
7:9 ikv4 0 “lie even in your oaths”
|
||
7:9 ps9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:6](../07/06.md). Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:10 w19j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows the hypocrisy of their words and actions. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Then you come and stand … so you can do all of these abominations.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
7:10 ras4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “house that belongs to me” or “temple where you worship me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
7:11 pb4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows what they think about Yahweh’s temple. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This house, which carries my name, is a den of bandits in your eyes!” or “You act as though you think this house, which is called by my name, should be a place where bandits can go to hide!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
7:11 kj59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Yahweh’s temple is spoken of as if it was carrying the name of Yahweh. This has a similar meaning to “this house that is called by my name” in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
7:11 e4vn 0 violent people who steal and destroy
|
||
7:11 tj9h 0 “But I certainly have seen what you are doing”
|
||
7:11 ume9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
7:12 j5kh 0 The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
|
||
7:12 n4ba 0 Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
|
||
7:12 c6l5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “where I allowed my name to stay” is an idiom that means this was a place where Yahweh was worshiped. Alternate translation: “the place in Shiloh where I first allowed my people to worship me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
7:13 m7ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys 0 This hendiadys is also an idiom that means something is done many times. Alternate translation: “repeatedly” or “persistently” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
7:14 g8pq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:10](../07/10.md). Alternate translation: “this house that belongs to me” or “this temple where you worship me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
7:16 b1uq 0 Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about the people of Judah. In these verses, “this people” refers to the people of Judah.
|
||
7:16 h32v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These four clauses each mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
7:16 mpn3 0 “cry out with sadness”
|
||
7:16 ym42 0 “for their benefit” or “for them”
|
||
7:16 d2un 0 “plead with me”
|
||
7:17 qn8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question expects a positive answer and is asked to bring these things to Jeremiah’s attention. They can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
7:18 u9lk 0 “starting the fire”
|
||
7:18 jc1l 0 mixing dough by hand
|
||
7:18 t6z1 0 a thick mixture of flour and liquid used for baking
|
||
7:18 u6gq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This was the name of a false god. Alternate translation: “the false god known as ‘the queen of the heavens’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
7:18 sq9a 0 “will anger me”
|
||
7:19 ia89 0 In these verses, “they” and “themselves” refer to the people of Judah.
|
||
7:19 t7ze 0 Yahweh continues to speak to Jeremiah about the people of Judah.
|
||
7:19 ta4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question expects a positive answer. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are provoking themselves, so that shame is on them!” or “they are troubling and bringing shame on themselves!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
|
||
7:19 jj5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “shame” can be translated using the verb “shamed.” Alternate translation: “they are shamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
7:20 ccj2 0 This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||
7:20 ta7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were something that could be poured out. Alternate translation: “I will punish this place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
7:20 xv82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of Yahweh’s anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
7:20 v5eu 0 “pour out”
|
||
7:20 mf3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could not be put out. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to stop my anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
7:20 wz4y 0 “never stop burning”
|
||
7:21 bjt8 0 In these verses, “you” and “your” refer to the people of Judah.
|
||
7:21 i6xb 0 Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
|
||
7:21 hg9i 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
7:21 p7ch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony 0 This is an ironic statement emphasizing that none of their sacrifices were acceptable to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Go ahead and eat the burnt offerings along with your sacrifices and meat from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
|
||
7:23 zn4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here listening to Yahweh’s voice means to both hear his words and obey what he says. Alternate translation: “Hear and obey what I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:23 ug56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of obeying his commands as if one were walking in them, like person would walk along a road. Alternate translation: “do everything that I am commanding you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:24 gts3 0 The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the people of Judah. “They” refers to the ancestors of the people of Judah.
|
||
7:24 u79z 0 Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
|
||
7:24 mmx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
7:24 hex1 0 “according to their own plans because they were wicked and stubborn”
|
||
7:24 pn8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This is a metaphor. Possible meanings are (1) they refused to pay attention to Yahweh, instead of eagerly obeying him. Alternate translation: “they went away from me instead of drawing closer to me” or (2) they got worse and worse instead of improving. Alternate translation: “they got worse instead of better” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:25 g7qg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 This is a generalization that means over this entire period of time, not every day during this period of time. Alternate translation: “From the time your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until now” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
7:25 wl88 0 “I sent them again and again” or “I repeatedly sent them”
|
||
7:26 x6ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom that means they were stubborn. Alternate translation: “they became stubborn” or “they resisted me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
7:26 hje2 0 “Each generation was more wicked”
|
||
7:27 rs3g 0 The words “them” and “they” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
|
||
7:27 m2j2 0 Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
|
||
7:27 nc7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two sentences say the same thing, The second emphasizes the message of the first. Alternate translation: “Tell them my message, but they will not listen to you or answer you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
7:28 y4p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:25](../03/25.md). Alternate translation: “what Yahweh its God has said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:28 di1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 Yahweh speaks of truth as if it was something the people could destroy and stop saying. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people destroy truth and cut it off from their mouths” or “The people tell only lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
7:28 zj54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “truth” can be translated using the adjective “truthful.” Alternate translation: “What is truthful is destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
7:29 d5yd 0 The word “your” in these verses refers to the people of Judah.
|
||
7:29 y4ae 0 Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
|
||
7:29 rrp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 This would be done as a sign of mourning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
|
||
7:29 p56k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two words have similar meanings and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
7:30 hxu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers to the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:30 aui5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “detestable things” refers to idols, which God hates. Alternate translation: “their disgusting idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:30 szk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:10](../07/10.md). Alternate translation: “house that belongs to me” or “temple where they worship me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
7:31 bpk3 0 The words “they” and “their” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
|
||
7:31 ud4q 0 Yahweh continues to describe the evil things that the people of Judah had done.
|
||
7:31 v64i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place where the people of Israel sacrificed their children to a false god by burning them with fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
7:31 ikn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
7:31 iq5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “nor did I ever think about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:32 dgv5 0 The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed”
|
||
7:32 pkn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” Alternate translation: “in the future … it” or “there will be a time … when it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:32 t424 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
7:32 ums9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will no longer call it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
7:32 zbr4 0 “they will bury dead people”
|
||
7:32 tue8 0 “no place remaining”
|
||
7:33 xa8f 0 Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
|
||
7:33 mb9t 0 “The dead bodies”
|
||
7:33 sc5b 0 “the people of Judah”
|
||
7:33 h5ey 0 See how you translated “the birds of the heavens” in [Jeremiah 4:25](../04/25.md).
|
||
7:33 jv9c 0 “the wild animals of the land”
|
||
7:33 tf93 0 “to scare them away”
|
||
7:34 cm8g 0 “I will remove from”
|
||
7:34 w3gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases mean almost the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. The abstract nouns “joy” and “gladness” can be translated using the verb “rejoicing” and the adjective “glad.” Alternate translation: “the sounds of people rejoicing and being glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
7:34 mbc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This is a metonym for what happens at marriage ceremonies. Alternate translation: “and people celebrating marriage” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:34 t5xh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “desolation” can be translated using the adjective “desolate.” Alternate translation: “will become desolate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
8:intro b29a 0 # Jeremiah 08 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:5-22.\n\nThe prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Hyperbole\nThe author frequently uses hyperbole in this chapter to describe the complete destruction of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
8:1 w8bg 0 Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
|
||
8:1 x5ig 0 This word “they” here refers to the enemies of the people of Judah.
|
||
8:1 c3wu 0 “its princes” or “its rulers”
|
||
8:2 p4kx 0 The word “them” refers to the bones of the people listed in the previous verse.
|
||
8:2 i7h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 The word “they” here refers to the people of Judah. These three phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
8:2 gvn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:23](../02/23.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
8:2 mxy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will gather their bones or bury them again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
8:2 j8lx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The bones are compared to dung on the ground both to emphasize that they will be disgusting and because they will not be buried. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
8:2 vr8n 0 “all over the ground”
|
||
8:3 w45m 0 The word “them” refers to the people of Judah.
|
||
8:3 vl6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
8:4 xxz7 0 The words “them” and “they” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
|
||
8:4 tke2 0 Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
|
||
8:4 rz6z 0 Yahweh is telling Jeremiah what to say to the people of Judah.
|
||
8:4 v36i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 These questions make the point that the way that the people of Judah were acting did not make sense. They can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that when someone falls, he gets back up, and when someone gets lost, he tries to find his way back.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
8:5 zes9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh is saying that the way the people of Judah are acting does not make sense. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does not make sense that this people, Jerusalem, has turned away in permanent faithlessness.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
8:5 vgq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The word “Jerusalem” here is a synecdoche for all the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
8:5 h7hw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 What the people of Judah were doing is spoken of as if they were clinging to treachery and would not let it go. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
8:5 n5b8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “treachery” is spoken of as if it were a physical object that a person could hold on to. It can be translated using the verb “deceive.” Holding on to something is a metaphor for loving. Alternate translation: “They refuse to turn away from what deceives them” or “They love the people who deceive them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
8:6 y22u 0 The words “they” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
|
||
8:6 v92n 0 Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
|
||
8:6 w5p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two things mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
8:6 sg8t 0 “did not say what is right”
|
||
8:6 i9mx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “wickedness” can be translated using the adjective “wicked.” Alternate translation: “for being wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
8:6 yw8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The implied information is that this is a question that the people of Judah should have been asking. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
8:6 g12y 0 “go their own way”
|
||
8:6 r6ux rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The eagerness of the people to follow their own evil way is compared to the eagerness of a war horse running toward a battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
8:6 j57y 0 adult male horse
|
||
8:7 j78m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The implied information is that these types of birds know the right times to migrate, which means to fly from one place to another at different times of the year for feeding or breeding. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
8:7 lsk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown 0 All of these are different types of birds that migrate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||
8:7 i7xx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The implied information is that the people should have naturally known Yahweh’s decrees. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
8:7 g1he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “migrations” can be translated using the verb “migrate.” Alternate translation: “They migrate” or “They fly from one region to another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
8:8 qa8a 0 Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
|
||
8:8 n65d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh asks this question to make the people of Judah think about what they were saying. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You think that you are wise because you have the law of Yahweh with you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
8:8 g95l 0 The “you” here refers to the people of Judah.
|
||
8:8 d131 0 These words tell the hearer to pay close attention to what follows.
|
||
8:8 qeg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The pen represents the words that the scribes write. Alternate translation: “The false things that the scribes write” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
8:8 xs9e 0 “has given you false ideas”
|
||
8:9 g2b6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony 0 This is irony because the wise men are normally honored for their wisdom. Alternate translation: “Those men who think they are wise will feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
|
||
8:9 eb2b 0 terrified or shattered
|
||
8:9 kk1b 0 “Pay attention!”
|
||
8:9 i9ya rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question expects a negative answer and is intended to make the hearers think about how little what they consider wisdom is really worth when they reject Yahweh’s word. Alternate translation: “so what they think is wise does not do them any good.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
8:10 n8yx 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:13](../06/13.md).
|
||
8:10 eq1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 The phrase “from the least to the greatest” shows that all the people of Judah are included in the phrase “all of them,” regardless of how important they are. Alternate translation: “because all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and everyone else, are greedy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
8:10 by2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
8:10 m98v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
8:10 ry2p 0 “all of the people of Judah”
|
||
8:10 c6bc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “gain” can be expressed with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
8:10 me66 0 “all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
|
||
8:11 a894 0 The words “they,” “their” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
|
||
8:11 f7ex 0 Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
|
||
8:11 t6ta rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
8:11 t1ge rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
8:11 mjy3 0 “‘All is well, All is well,’ but it was not well”
|
||
8:12 j556 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
8:12 a8qy 0 “their faces did not even turn red.” When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red.
|
||
8:12 m1ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “fall” represents being killed. Alternate translation: “they will be killed along with the others who are killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
8:12 x1y2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “will be brought down” represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them when I punish them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
8:13 b972 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
8:13 yf5y 0 “the leaf will dry up”
|
||
8:13 qr8u 0 The meaning of the original text is uncertain here.
|
||
8:14 fx4e 0 The words “we,” “us” and “our” refer to the people of Judah.
|
||
8:14 nn25 0 Yahweh continues his message by telling us what the people of Judah will say at the time of their punishment.
|
||
8:14 r249 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question is asked to motivate action. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We should not stay here.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
8:14 bl3v 0 The “fortified cities” were cities with high walls and strong defenses. See how you translated the similar phrases in [Jeremiah 4:5](../04/05.md).
|
||
8:14 vsn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “become silent” means to die. Alternate translation: “let us die there” or “let us wait for our enemies to kill us there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
8:14 pv27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “silence” is a metaphor for condemning to death. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh our God has condemned us to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
8:14 tg23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom for Yahweh’s judgment on his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
8:15 cpw9 0 “but nothing good will happen”
|
||
8:15 i77n 0 “but understand”
|
||
8:16 fvu7 0 The words “his” and “they” in these verses refer to the enemies of Judah.
|
||
8:16 s1ew 0 Yahweh continues his message about the punishment coming to Judah.
|
||
8:16 ck4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Dan hear the snorting of his stallions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
8:16 qq3k 0 a loud sound that a horse makes with its nose
|
||
8:16 x69l 0 adult male horses
|
||
8:16 v3by rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 This is an exaggeration that is a metaphor for the people of Judah trembling with fear. Alternate translation: “All the people of the land shake with fear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
8:16 hjp2 0 “when they hear the sound of the enemy’s strong horses”
|
||
8:16 x6ln 0 a sound that a horse makes
|
||
8:16 a2w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here the word “consume” means to eat up. It is an idiom for how the enemies come and destroy the land and its inhabitants. Alternate translation: “they will come and destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
8:17 ns7j 0 “Now pay attention”
|
||
8:17 nvi3 0 To charm means to sing or make music in order to control snakes.
|
||
8:17 ma3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
8:18 f7zw 0 Jeremiah and Yahweh have a conversation about the people of Judah.
|
||
8:18 hkg9 0 The word “my” refers to Jeremiah. The original text is unclear and is interpreted here in different ways by modern versions.
|
||
8:18 ia82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 These words are an exaggeration that express the great extent of Jeremiah’s sorrow. Alternate translation: “is very great” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
8:18 ah2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “heart” represents Jeremiah, emphasizing his feelings and emotions. Alternate translation: “I feel sick deep down inside me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
8:19 i7c2 0 This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. “Pay attention!”
|
||
8:19 i2u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah is speaking about the people of Judah in a way that shows his affection for them, as if for a daughter. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “my dear people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
8:19 qg4d 0 Possible meanings are (1) From exile. Alternate translation: “from exile in a distant land” or (2) From throughout the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “throughout our land”
|
||
8:19 r91i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two questions are similar in meaning. They imply that the people of Judah are wondering why Yahweh is not saving them. Alternate translation: “Why does Yahweh not save us if he is the king in Zion?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
8:19 i1se rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The word “me” refers to Yahweh. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If they want me to save them, then they must not offend me with their carved figures.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
8:20 i3bj 0 The word “we” refers to the people of Judah. The words “I” and “my” refer to Jeremiah.
|
||
8:20 f1z4 0 Jeremiah continues talking about the people of Judah.
|
||
8:20 ey1x 0 “Harvest time is over”
|
||
8:20 d3mu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 Jeremiah tells what the people of Judah are saying. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh has not saved us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
8:21 epc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These statements express the same idea in more than one way for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
8:22 j9cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 These questions are asked to make the point that the people of Judah have not been saved. Alternate translation: “There is medicine in Gilead, and there are healers there, so tell me why the healing of my dear people will not happen.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
9:intro muj3 0 # Jeremiah 09 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 9:1-12, 17-24.\n\nThe prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Funeral\nThis chapter pictures Jerusalem as having a funeral with its typical songs. This is an image used to describe their destruction. It is a time of great sadness.\n\n### Circumcision\nCircumcision is used here in an unusual way. Since circumcision was intended to be a display of faith, the author uses the term to differentiate between those who have faith in Yahweh and those who don’t. This is a type of metaphor. Those who have a circumcised heart have faith in Yahweh while those with an uncircumcised heart do not have faith in Yahweh, regardless of whether they are physically circumcised. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
9:1 dw2v 0 Yahweh and Jeremiah continue talking about the people of Judah.
|
||
9:1 rjn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 This is Jeremiah speaking. These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how much Jeremiah is weeping. Alternate translation: “I wish I could make more tears” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
9:1 f1ez rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 By mentioning both “day” and “night” this phrase means all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
9:1 x4zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. Here Jeremiah uses this same phrase for the people that Yahweh uses. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate translation: “my people, who are like Yahweh’s daughter” or “my dear people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
9:1 gx7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the enemy has killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
9:2 m5fi 0 “I wish someone would give me.” This is still Jeremiah speaking.
|
||
9:2 t6vy 0 This refers to a building for people traveling in the wilderness, where they can stop and sleep overnight.
|
||
9:2 l2ci 0 “leave my people”
|
||
9:2 y2h4 0 “a group of people who betray other people”
|
||
9:3 m7dg 0 See how you translated “this is Yahweh’s declaration” in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md).
|
||
9:3 dkt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Telling lies is spoken of as being done by the tongues of the wicked. Also, since a spoken lie cannot be taken back, telling lies is spoken of as if it were shooting arrows. Men who use bows must step on their bows in order to fasten the bowstrings, so liars are referred to here as if they were stringing their bows using their tongues. Alternate translation: “Their lies are like arrows that they shoot with the tongues” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
9:3 q5qh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony 0 “They do not grow strong on the earth because they are faithful to Yahweh, as they are wicked” and “This means that the people are not faithful to Yahweh, but rather are wicked and have gained their power through wickedness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
|
||
9:3 vc82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Committing one evil action after another is spoken of as if the evildoers were going from one action to another. Alternate translation: “They keep doing evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
9:4 m87i 0 Yahweh continues speaking with Jeremiah about the people of Judah.
|
||
9:4 i6ut 0 The word “you” refers to the people of Judah.
|
||
9:4 zbn4 0 “be careful not to trust your fellow Israelites, and do not even trust your own brother”
|
||
9:4 n2fi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “walking” is an idiom for living. Alternate translation: “every neighbor slanders one another” or “every neighbor is a slanderer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
9:5 t4rw 0 “All of the people mock each other, and they do not tell the truth”
|
||
9:5 w9wa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here people are represented by their “tongues” to emphasize their speech. Alternate translation: “They teach deceitful things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
9:5 k167 0 “They are tired from committing so much sin”
|
||
9:6 kdu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of living among people who are liars as living in the middle of deception. Alternate translation: “Your dwelling is among the dwellings of liars” or “You dwell in the midst of liars” (See:[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
9:6 ijp7 0 “By telling all of these lies”
|
||
9:6 ra6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
9:7 n1gs 0 Yahweh continues to speak about the people of Judah.
|
||
9:7 l451 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Yahweh uses this word here to draw Jeremiah’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
9:7 kq5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of testing the people and dealing with their evil ways, as if they were metal that he were melting in a crucible to remove its impurities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
9:7 y5gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to state that this is how he needs to deal with his people because of what they have done. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “for this is how I must deal with my people because of what they have done.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
9:8 ak19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of people’s tongues as if they were sharpened arrows because of how the people hurt others by what they say. Here their speech is represented by their “tongues.” Alternate translation: “Their words are like sharpened arrows that hurt other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
9:8 yi2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here people’s speech is represented by their “mouths.” Alternate translation: “They speak, saying that they want peace with their neighbors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
9:8 f4zw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here a people’s desires are represented by their “hearts.” This speaks of them wanting to hurt their neighbors as if they were an animal crouching and waiting to attack its prey. Alternate translation: “but what they really want is to destroy their neighbors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
9:9 x1jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will not have mercy and stop himself from punishing them. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 5:9](../05/09.md). Alternate translation: “Because they do these things, I will punish them … I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
9:9 fm1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
9:10 p4rg 0 Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah. In verse 12, Jeremiah makes a comment.
|
||
9:10 zfu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh is mourning for the land of Israel as if it were a person who died. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
9:10 s5s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will sing a funeral song” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
9:10 xf64 0 “the fields of grass that the livestock eats”
|
||
9:10 x2nb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Because someone has burned the meadows and pastures” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
9:10 dv5k 0 “Nobody will hear the sound of cattle there”
|
||
9:11 mp5y 0 “a place for jackals to hide.” Jackals are fierce wild dogs.
|
||
9:11 har1 0 “places where no people live”
|
||
9:12 lun7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a very wise person will understand the things he has said. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only people who are very wise can understand these things.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
9:12 dem8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only the people he has spoken to can declare these things. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only those who have been taught by Yahweh can explain these things to others.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
9:12 r7i9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here Yahweh’s speech is represented by his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
9:12 ru4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a wise person could explain why the land has been destroyed. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only a wise person could explain why the land has perished and been destroyed … pass through.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
9:12 x8mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Both “perished” and “been ruined” describe the land being ruined. Alternate translation: “is the land ruined” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
9:13 nkx8 0 Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah.
|
||
9:13 v98g 0 “These things will happen because”
|
||
9:13 dqx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of the people not obeying his law as if it were something that they had walked away from. Alternate translation: “they have rejected my law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
9:13 maj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here Yahweh’s “voice” represents what he says. Alternate translation: “they do not pay attention to the things I tell them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
9:13 cf6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “walk” is an idiom for “live.” Alternate translation: “or live the way I tell them to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
9:14 d459 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the people’s “stubborn hearts” represent their stubborn desires and stubborn will. Also, here “walked” represents living. Alternate translation: “they have been stubborn and lived the way they want to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
9:14 upa5 0 “have worshiped the Baals”
|
||
9:15 rz7x 0 Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah.
|
||
9:15 bg34 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
9:15 za9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
9:15 s4r8 0 a plant that tastes bitter
|
||
9:16 nyj4 0 “Then I will force them to leave here and live in many different countries”
|
||
9:16 axn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “that neither they nor their ancestors have known” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
9:16 w74v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “sword” refers to an enemy army. Alternate translation: “I will send an army of soldiers to fight against them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
9:16 bq4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This is a metonym for Yahweh causing the people’s enemies to destroy them. Alternate translation: “I have caused their enemies to completely destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
9:17 lv4i 0 Yahweh tells the people of Judah to mourn for the coming destruction of the land.
|
||
9:17 ict2 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
9:17 air9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases have the same meaning. They emphasize that they are to call funeral singers to come. Alternate translation: “Get women who are trained in mourning and bring those women here” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
9:17 d5sd 0 “Call women who are professional singers at funerals”
|
||
9:17 u7sp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “tell the women to come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
9:17 j5jq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The phrase “send out for” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Send people out to get women who are skilled at mourning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
9:18 ln9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive 0 Here Yahweh says what the people of Judah will say when the destruction comes. The words “us” and “our” refer to the people of Judah and does not include Yahweh. This may be written instead as a command from Yahweh to the people. Alternate translation: “Tell them to hurry and sing a song to mourn for you, so your eyes may run with tears and your eyelids flow with water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
|
||
9:18 fft6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This describes the people crying a lot. Alternate translation: “so we will cry very hard with tears flowing from our eyes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
9:19 g4rv 0 Here Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land.
|
||
9:19 la1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This refers to the people of Zion wailing loudly and can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Zion are crying loudly, saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
9:19 s2nn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Yahweh tells what the people of Judah will say when the land is destroyed. Alternate translation: “We are very upset” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
9:19 g3w7 0 “Our shame is great, because enemies destroyed our houses and we had to leave the land of Israel”
|
||
9:20 n18s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the command to listen to what Yahweh says. In the second phrase Yahweh’s “mouth” is a metonym for himself. Alternate translation: “listen to what Yahweh says. Pay attention to his words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
9:20 hr1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “teach each neighbor woman a funeral song” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
9:21 ruq9 0 Here Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land.
|
||
9:21 tk2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The people of Judah will compare death to a person who can climb in windows to attack the people inside and attacks people in the palaces, streets, and city squares. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
9:21 nap5 0 fancy houses where kings live. Death will come to rich and poor alike.
|
||
9:21 w73h 0 marketplaces
|
||
9:22 b1lf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “This is what Yahweh has declared” or “This is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
9:22 tfy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the large number dead bodies. Alternate translation: “dead bodies will fall all over the place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
9:22 q61w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to dung that falls in the fields. Alternate translation: “dead bodies will drop everywhere like animal dung falls all over the fields” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
9:22 j451 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to cut stalks of grain. Alternate translation: “like stalks of grain fall everywhere after the farmers cut them down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
9:22 hyq6 0 “there will be nobody to gather the dead bodies”
|
||
9:23 v41m 0 These are the words of Yahweh.
|
||
9:23 cbr4 0 “A wise man should not be proud because he is wise”
|
||
9:23 r3w7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “or let the warrior take pride in his might” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
9:23 mi8d 0 “A rich man should not be proud because he is rich”
|
||
9:24 vub7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 “understands who I am and knows me.” Both of these phrases have similar meanings. They emphasize people knowing who Yahweh is and understanding who he is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
9:24 eht9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to people knowing Yahweh and his ways. Alternate translation: “Because people should understand that I am Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
9:24 ccv3 0 The word “these” refers to covenant loyalty, justice, and righteousness.
|
||
9:24 t9de rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
9:25 wg3m 0 These are the words of Yahweh.
|
||
9:25 md99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Indeed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
9:25 k6yc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This refers to the people of Israel who have entered into Yahweh’s covenant by getting circumcised physically, but who have not changed their inner beings by following his laws. Alternate translation: “all those people who have changed their bodies by circumcising them but who have not changed their inner beings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
9:26 qn15 0 This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness.”
|
||
9:26 siw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “nations” refers to the people who live in these places. Foreigners being uncircumcised was a sign that they were not in Yahweh’s covenant. Alternate translation: “For the people of these nations did not enter into a covenant with Yahweh through circumcision” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
9:26 l471 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The “heart” represents a person’s will and desires. An “uncircumcised heart” represents the character of a person that does not follow Yahweh and his laws. Also, the “house” of Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel are only circumcised on the outside and have not changed their hearts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:intro v6xy 0 # Jeremiah 10 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines in 10:1-25 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a long quotation.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s power\nThis chapter contrasts the great power of Yahweh with the powerlessness of any other false god. It is intended to question why the Jews would worship any other god. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
|
||
10:1 v6qy 0 Yahweh has just reminded the people of Judah, as well as Egypt, Edom, Ammon, Moab and all people, that they will be punished.
|
||
10:1 d4ld 0 “Hear the message”
|
||
10:1 str3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “house” of Israel represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
10:2 zcj4 0 “Do not act like the other nations act”
|
||
10:2 v9aa 0 worried or upset
|
||
10:2 cej6 0 “by strange things in the sky”
|
||
10:2 f2sy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 Here “the nations” refer to the people who live in them. This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “for the people of the nations are afraid of the strange things they see in the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
10:3 d8ux 0 Yahweh has just reminded them not to learn the ways of the nations nor be worried by things that happen in the sky.
|
||
10:3 t24u 0 a man skilled in his work
|
||
10:5 xhf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 A scarecrow is a man-like figure made to scare birds and prevent them from eating the crops. Here Yahweh compares the idols to scarecrows because they are not capable of doing anything. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
10:5 y84p 0 a vegetable that is usually long, with green skin and white flesh that contains much water
|
||
10:5 s7ty rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people have to carry them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
10:6 gd4l 0 Jeremiah has just been talking about idol worship.
|
||
10:6 n439 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to himself and his reputation. Alternate translation: “you are very powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
10:7 c4dh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Jeremiah asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that everyone should fear Yahweh. Here he refers to Yahweh as “king of the nations.” This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Everyone should fear you, king of the nations.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
10:7 d3y9 0 “what you have earned”
|
||
10:8 p37g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “brutish” and “stupid” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how foolish the people are for worshiping idols. Alternate translation: “They are all very stupid, they are disciples” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
10:8 hm7c 0 “they try to learn from an idol which is only a piece of wood”
|
||
10:9 ni29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 places where silver and gold are mined (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
10:9 zr2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Also, the refiners are represented here by their “hands” because they do their work with their hands. Alternate translation: “gold from Uphaz that skilled craftsmen and refiners have made” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
10:9 a9y4 0 “skilled craftsmen”
|
||
10:9 xa2h 0 people who heat gold to remove from it anything that is not gold
|
||
10:9 e22z 0 “The people dress the idols in blue and purple cloth”
|
||
10:10 mm4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 This speaks of the earth shaking as an emotional response to Yahweh’s anger, when actually Yahweh causes the earth to quake. Alternate translation: “The earth quakes when he is angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
10:10 re97 0 “shakes”
|
||
10:11 ng9f 0 God is speaking to Jeremiah.
|
||
10:11 bq56 0 The word “you” refers to the Israelites and the word “them” refers to the people of the other nations.
|
||
10:11 csc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the idols disappearing and losing their significance as if they were dying. This emphasizes their lack of power. Alternate translation: “will disappear from the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:12 sjc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of Yahweh creating the sky as if it were a large sheet that he stretched out. Alternate translation: “created the heavens” or “created the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:13 hlz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here Yahweh is represented by his “voice” to emphasize his speech. The phrase “the roar of waters” refers to loud storms. Alternate translation: “His voice causes the storms in the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
10:13 b87n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that he causes the mists to evaporate and form clouds. The phrase “the ends of the earth” refers to all of the earth. Alternate translation: “he causes clouds to form over every part of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
10:13 y78p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of Yahweh causing the wind to blow as if the wind were kept in a storehouse and brought out when he desires. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:13 h3h9 0 a building where things are kept
|
||
10:14 rb7t 0 “is lacking knowledge” or “does not know”
|
||
10:14 up7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Every metalworker’s idols put him to shame” or “As for every metalworker, his idols shame him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
10:15 l8cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. Alternate translation: “there will be a time when God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
10:16 gc2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Jacob” represents the people of Israel. God being their “portion” is an idiom that means that they worship him. Alternate translation: “the portion of Israel” or “whom the people of Israel worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
10:16 q8sb 0 “the creator of all things” or “the one who created all things”
|
||
10:16 p7kl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Israel belongs to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:17 hm4j 0 “Gather your belongings”
|
||
10:17 g8r9 0 “whose city has been surrounded by your enemies’ army” or “who have been living in your city while an enemy army surrounds it”
|
||
10:18 h5w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Yahweh uses this word here to draw the peoples’ attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
10:18 yy6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people to leave the land as if they were objects that he were throwing out of a container. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people living in the land to leave that land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:18 bz7p 0 “people who live in the land”
|
||
10:18 ku2a 0 great pain or suffering
|
||
10:19 wud3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Jeremiah is speaking as if he were the whole tribe of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
10:19 k8py rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of the peoples’ distress as if they were physically wounded by broken bones and infection. Alternate translation: “Woe to us! It is as though we have broken bones and an infected wound” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:19 m4ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate translation: “but we must bear it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
10:20 g663 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Jeremiah speaks of the enemy having destroyed their city as if their tent had been destroyed. Alternate translation: “It is as though our great tent is destroyed; the ropes that held it up have been cut” or “The enemy has completely destroyed our city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:20 l9vb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My enemy has devastated my tent” or “Our enemy has destroyed our tent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
10:20 plf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate translation: “Our enemies have taken our children away from us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
10:20 tc5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The children no longer existing is a metaphor for the parents never seeing them again. Alternate translation: “and it is like they no longer exist” or “and they will never return again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:20 n6v1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Jeremiah speaks of them not having descendants to rebuild their city as if their city were a tent that needs to be rebuilt. Alternate translation: “There is no one to rebuild our city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:21 x7r1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were flocks of sheep. Alternate translation: “For the shepherds of our people are stupid … all the people of their flock have been scattered” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:21 zmx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and their enemies have scattered all their flock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
10:22 r6v8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the marching enemy armies are spoken of as if they were an earthquake. The word “See!” is used here as an idiom to draw the listener’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Look! The enemy army is coming, they sound like a great earthquake as they are marching” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
10:22 t67q 0 a type of fierce wild dog
|
||
10:23 vv9s 0 Jeremiah prays for the people of Israel.
|
||
10:23 iqa8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. This means that no one has control over the various things that will happen to him during his life. Alternate translation: “that no person controls what will happen to him; no one is able to direct the events that he will experience” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
10:25 kfn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “the nations” refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “In your fury, punish the nations” or “In your anger, punish the nations of the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
10:25 pi1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that do not worship you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
10:25 b1zn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These three phrases have the same meaning. Jeremiah repeats this idea three times to emphasize the utter destruction of Israel. This speaks of the enemy armies attacking the people of Israel as if the armies were a fierce animal attacking and devouring its prey. Alternate translation: “For they have fiercely attacked the people of Israel and consumed them so as to completely destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:25 z8p8 0 “demolish their homes”
|
||
11:intro tg7m 0 # Jeremiah 11 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 11:15-17, 20.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The covenant\n\nThe covenant Yahweh made with Moses is prominent in this chapter. Because the people disobeyed this covenant, God will not help them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
|
||
11:1 l9ym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said,” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
11:2 q9d8 0 “the people who live in Jerusalem”
|
||
11:3 d8vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will curse anyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
11:4 gi9b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the horrible circumstances and oppression the Israelites were living in Egypt by comparing them to a smelting furnace. Alternate translation: “of Egypt. What happened to them in Egypt was terrible; it was as though they were living in a hot furnace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
11:4 q1a1 0 heating iron to liquid form
|
||
11:4 fni7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “voice” here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and “listen” is a metonym for “obey.” Alternate translation: “Obey what I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
11:5 dhd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “the land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “the land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
11:6 ts3p 0 “the terms of this covenant”
|
||
11:6 szb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “obey them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
11:7 q8ju 0 serious and important
|
||
11:7 k1gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “voice” here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and “listen” is a metonym for “obey.” Alternate translation: “Obey what I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
11:8 uvr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “walking” is an idiom for the way a person lives. The word “heart” is a metonym for a person’s desires and emotions. Alternate translation: “Each person has refused to change and has been living by his own wicked desires” or “Each person has refused to change and continues to do the evil things that they want to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
11:8 dla5 0 “So I punished them with all the curses that I described in this covenant that I had commanded them to obey”
|
||
11:9 n1vg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There is a conspiracy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
11:9 n8g7 0 a secret plan to do something that is harmful or illegal
|
||
11:9 lr11 0 “the people who live in Jerusalem”
|
||
11:10 g2wu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 The phrase “turned to” is an idiom that means to start doing something. Alternate translation: “They have returned to committing the same iniquities as their earliest ancestors committed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
11:10 u3ji 0 “followed after”
|
||
11:10 x1cg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “The kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
11:10 u4q4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
11:11 sr2g 0 This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||
11:12 cy8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “cities of Judah” represents the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “The people who live in the cities of Judah and in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
11:12 kpf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but their gods will certainly not save them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
11:13 k26k 0 “to as many as”
|
||
11:13 d3q3 0 “the streets in Jerusalem”
|
||
11:14 em49 0 “You must not make a loud cry of sadness”
|
||
11:15 r1nl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the people Judah no longer have a right to be in his temple. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “My beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, should not be in my house.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
11:15 r9hb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The people of Judah are spoken of as if they were a single woman greatly beloved. Alternate translation: “are the people whom I love, those who have had” or “are the people of Judah whom I love, who have had” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
11:16 ia9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 In the Old Testament people were often compared to trees or plants. Those who were prosperous and healthy were spoken of as leafy, fruitful tree. Alternate translation: “In the past Yahweh said that you were like a leafy olive tree” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
11:16 q1zk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This expression continues the metaphor of the tree. The fire stands for the destruction of the people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
11:16 jn51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This compares the sound of the raging fire to the sound of a severe storm. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
11:16 bt3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will break off your branches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
11:17 u8fc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of Yahweh placing the people of Israel and Judah in the places where they live as if they were a tree that Yahweh had planted. Alternate translation: “who planted you like a farmer plants a tree” or “the one who placed you to live in the land of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
11:17 b82g 0 “has decreed that disaster will come upon you”
|
||
11:17 cs7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
11:17 p53z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
11:18 aeu2 0 “You have revealed things to me and so I know them.” The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him.
|
||
11:18 nd6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him. This is spoken of here as if Jeremiah has already see their actions. Alternate translation: “have revealed to me their evil plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
11:19 s72l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of Jeremiah being unaware of his enemies’ plans to kill him by comparing him to a lamb who is being led to be slaughtered. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
11:19 msn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that my enemies were leading to a butcher” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
11:19 jta1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Jeremiah’s enemies speak of killing him as if he were a fruit tree that they were planning to destroy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
11:19 brr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “cut him off” means to destroy him. Also, “the living” refers to living people. Alternate translation: “Let us kill him so he is no longer in the land of those who are alive” or “Let us destroy him so that he is no longer among the world of living people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
11:19 cr3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will no longer remember his name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
11:20 xa3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The heart is a metonym for what a person feels and desires and “the mind” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides. Alternate translation: “a person’s feelings and thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
11:20 u147 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “vengeance” here can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will watch you take revenge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
11:21 xz1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a special city where priests live. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
11:21 jh6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. Alternate translation: “wanting to kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
11:21 m8v8 0 “They say to me.” The men are speaking to Jeremiah.
|
||
11:21 g4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the men refer to their “hand” to emphasize that they plan to kill him themselves. Alternate translation: “we ourselves will kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
11:22 d5xb 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
11:22 y5mj 0 This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
|
||
11:22 kn5i 0 men at the strongest time of their lives
|
||
11:22 hgu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “sword” represents battle. Alternate translation: “will die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
11:23 k7a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will leave none of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
11:23 wlv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The word “year” here is a idiom that describes a specific period of time that Yahweh decides. Alternate translation: “in the time of their punishment” or “for the time of their punishment is coming” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
12:intro mtm9 0 # Jeremiah 12 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:1-13.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jeremiah complains that evil men prosper\n\nJeremiah complains that evil men prosper. He questions Yahweh’s justice. Yahweh’s response: if Jeremiah is upset by the people of Anathoth, how will he face enemies in Jerusalem? (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])\n\n### Yahweh’s grace to the other nations\n\nYahweh gives a gracious offer to the Gentile nations. If the other nations who have been against Judah leave their idols and worship God, then God will allow them to return to their lands. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]])
|
||
12:1 h7ur 0 Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh.
|
||
12:1 v383 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
12:2 xd5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Jeremiah speaks of the wicked as if they were fruit trees. Alternate translation: “They are like fruit trees that you planted, that you allow to prosper and to produce lots of fruit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
12:2 bj22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “mouths” represents what a person says. And, “hearts” represents what a person thinks or feels. Also, being loyal is spoken of as if it were being near a person, and being disloyal is spoken of as if it were being far away from a person. Alternate translation: “They always say good things about you, but they do not love or respect you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
12:3 lcj7 0 Jeremiah continues speaking to Yahweh.
|
||
12:3 kt44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “heart” represents a person’s thoughts and true feelings. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” or “my inner feelings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
12:3 p1lp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Jeremiah asks Yahweh to prepare to punish the wicked as if they were sheep to be taken away to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “Take the wicked people away, like sheep for slaughter” or “Prepare to punish those wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
12:3 jep3 0 “the day they will be destroyed”
|
||
12:4 gvz5 0 Their land is dry and rain has not come as punishment for the peoples’ wickedness.
|
||
12:4 bea9 0 dry up
|
||
12:4 lm57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The animals and the birds are gone” or “The animals and the birds have all died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
12:4 a1hp 0 Possible meanings are (1) The people are saying that God does not know what things will happen to them in their future or (2) God is unaware of their sin. Alternate translation: “God does not see the sinful things that we do”
|
||
12:5 hax2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run with horses. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will never compete well against horses.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
12:5 e5b2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 This refers to while the person is running. Alternate translation: “If you fall down while running” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
12:5 km32 0 This refers to the open countryside, where it is easy to travel quickly, in contrast to the overgrown thickets along the Jordan River, where it is difficult to move.
|
||
12:5 rki9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run through the thickets along the Jordan. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will surely not be able to run in the thickets along the Jordan.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
12:5 c56k 0 many bushes or small trees growing close together
|
||
12:6 g1pt 0 to have accused someone publicly
|
||
12:7 js9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These three sentences have similar meanings. The first and second one strengthens the thought in the third. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
12:7 v9at rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The two phrases are metaphors in which Yahweh speaks of his people as if they were his “house” and his “inheritance.” Alternate translation: “I have abandoned my Israelite people, the people whom I chose to belong to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
12:7 v6xh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “hands” represents control. Alternate translation: “to be conquered by her enemies” or “over to the control of her enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
12:7 ra61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here Yahweh refers to his people as a female by using a feminine pronoun. Alternate translation: “of their” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
12:8 n59e 0 This continues to speaks of Yahweh’s people as a lion. This speaks of the people showing they are against him as if they were roaring at him. Alternate translation: “it is like she roars at me to defy me”
|
||
12:8 ik2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here Yahweh refers to his people as a female by using feminine pronouns. Alternate translation: “they set themselves … with their … hate them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
12:9 m995 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that his people are surrounded by their enemies. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “My prized possession has become a speckled bird and other birds of prey go against her all around.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
12:9 j8nr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Here Yahweh speaks of his people as his “prized possession.” Alternate translation: “Have not my people, who are my prized possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
12:9 rn3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Yahweh speaks of his people being in danger and surrounded by their enemies as if they were a speckled bird surrounded by birds of prey. Alternate translation: “become like a speckled bird, and her enemies are like birds of prey attacking her on all sides” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
12:9 q57h 0 “a strange looking bird.” This refers to a bird that was often picked on and eaten by other birds.
|
||
12:9 l3t3 0 birds that attack and eat animals
|
||
12:9 idp1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe 0 Yahweh speaks here in the form of a command to strengthen what he says. This command is not directed to a specific person and may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Let all the wild beasts in the fields come and eat her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
|
||
12:10 jl5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Yahweh speaks of his land and his people being destroyed by armies as if they were a vineyard that shepherds had destroyed. Alternate translation: “My people and my land are like a vineyard that many shepherds have destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
12:10 nw8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “shepherds” refers to their sheep. Alternate translation: “Many shepherds have allowed their sheep to destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
12:10 dr86 0 “They have crushed under their feet”
|
||
12:10 d5c7 0 “the ground I planted” or “my field”
|
||
12:11 ry1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “All the land is desolate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
12:11 z4k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cares” or “pays any attention” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
12:12 uwl3 0 “Destroying armies have come”
|
||
12:12 rbb1 0 “places in the wilderness where nothing grows”
|
||
12:12 s2mb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Yahweh speaks of the armies that he is using to punish his people as being his “sword.” His”sword” is described here as if it were a large animal that attacked and devoured the people. Alternate translation: “for the armies are my sword that I am using to punish you” or “for I am sending the destroying armies to attack you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
12:12 c8pt 0 This refers to the whole land that belongs to his people.
|
||
12:13 du4i 0 “They have sown wheat, but there is nothing to harvest but thornbushes”
|
||
12:13 k4yk 0 “My people have”
|
||
12:13 c3di 0 a large plant that is covered in sharp points
|
||
12:13 jez5 0 unable to do more, without any more strength
|
||
12:13 fby2 0 “So be ashamed of your tiny harvest because Yahweh is angry with you.” Here the word “gain” does not mean a large amount of something, but refers to a small amount.
|
||
12:14 w8dl 0 “have been trying to take away the land”
|
||
12:14 c7h3 0 “gave my people Israel as an inheritance”
|
||
12:14 e4jf 0 This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||
12:14 b371 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. See how you translated this concept in [Jeremiah 1:10](../01/10.md). Alternate translation: “to make them leave their own land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
12:14 sv7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people of Judah to leave the lands of the other nations as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. Alternate translation: “I will cause the house of Judah to leave their lands as well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
12:14 ylh4 0 “uproot”
|
||
12:14 t297 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
12:15 i4tb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. Alternate translation: “I make those nations leave their lands and move to different places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
12:16 f6ti 0 God’s word about Judah’s neighbors.
|
||
12:16 i1wv 0 “It will happen that”
|
||
12:16 j3ji rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 “As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Swearing in Yahweh’s name instead of in Baal’s name indicates that they worship Yahweh instead of Baal. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
12:16 uph7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the people becoming prosperous as if they were a building that was being built. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will build them up in the midst of my people” or “I will make them wealthy and they will live among my people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
12:16 pe5g 0 middle
|
||
12:17 w4yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
13:intro ky38 0 # Jeremiah 13 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 13:15-27.\n\n===Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ===\n\n### Symbolism\n\nThe action of hiding the undergarment was intended to be a symbolic event. It was supposed to get the Jews’ attention and be a lesson for them to learn. Jeremiah performed the action, but it was not the action itself that was important. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
13:1 yq1d 0 a type of very fine cloth
|
||
13:1 puq2 0 clothing that people wear under their clothes; underwear
|
||
13:1 d4jw 0 the middle part of the body, usually the narrowest, between the hips and chest
|
||
13:1 kf2e 0 “do not wash it or get it wet”
|
||
13:3 z13h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
13:4 b7b3 0 a space between rocks or a crack in a rock, big enough to put something into it
|
||
13:8 wf3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
13:9 a1zp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here Judah and Jerusalem refer to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “of the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
13:10 j3d9 0 “to obey what I say”
|
||
13:10 rn4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “who are stubborn and only do the things they desire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
13:11 z1xb 0 “sticks to … stick to me” or “stays close to … stay close to me”
|
||
13:11 t4mp 0 “all the people of … all the people of”
|
||
13:11 uak7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
13:11 h7ch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
13:11 b9j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
13:12 sbk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Every wineskin should be full of wine … every wineskin should be full of wine” or “Every wine jar should be full of wine … every wine jar should be full of wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
13:13 bv6t 0 This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||
13:13 g8y3 0 “cause all the people of this land to be drunk”
|
||
13:13 e418 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as “David’s throne.” Alternate translation: “the kings who sit on Judah’s throne” or “the kings of the nation of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
13:14 e1iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations 0 Here the words “each man” refer to both men and women. Alternate translation: “Then I will cause the people to fight with each other, even parents and children will fight one another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
|
||
13:14 g1jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “I will smash fathers and children together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
13:14 kq6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
13:14 n1g8 0 “I will not feel sorry for”
|
||
13:14 p3a5 0 “will not withhold punishment from them.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will allow them to be destroyed”
|
||
13:15 d8mp 0 falsely believing oneself to be important
|
||
13:16 wwm1 0 “he causes darkness to come.” Here trouble and despair are spoken of as if they were “darkness.” Alternate translation: “he brings trouble and despair” or “he cause great troubles to come”
|
||
13:16 f21v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here a person is referred to by his “feet” to emphasize that he is walking. Alternate translation: “before he causes you to trip and fall as you walk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
13:16 nkc1 0 early morning or evening when it is partially dark, when the sun is beginning to rise or when the sun is almost set
|
||
13:16 lg6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of goodness and blessings as “light” and of trouble and despair as “darkness.” Alternate translation: “For you were hoping for light and blessings, but Yahweh will give you darkness and great despair--you will feel like you are surrounded by a dark cloud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
13:17 k2pj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for enemies have captured Yahweh’s flock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
13:17 j4z9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh’s people as Yahweh’s “flock” because he cares for them like a shepherd cares for his sheep. This event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. Alternate translation: “for you who are Yahweh’s flock, your enemies will soon capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
|
||
13:18 f5bj 0 Yahweh is continuing to talk to Jeremiah. He is telling Jeremiah what to say to the king of Judah and the king’s mother.
|
||
13:18 ihz2 0 the mother of the king
|
||
13:18 i8em rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 A king and queen mother wear crowns to represent their royal positions as the king and queen mother. Also, this event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. Alternate translation: “for you will no longer be the king and queen mother, for your crowns, your pride and glory, will fall off” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
|
||
13:19 jw8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that the cities will be surrounded by their enemies, who will not allow anyone to go in or come out of the cities. Alternate translation: “The cities in the Negev will be shut up, and no one will be able to go into them or come out of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
13:19 r9z3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will shut the cities in the Negev up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
13:19 hr6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Judah” represents the people who live there. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemies will take all of the people of Judah captive into exile” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
13:20 qx4s 0 Yahweh is talking to the people of Jerusalem.
|
||
13:20 s5yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here the word “look” is an idiom that means to pay attention and be aware of what is happening. Also, “Lift up your eyes” represents looking at something. Alternate translation: “Pay attention and be aware of the ones coming from the north” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
13:20 ve51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers an enemy army that will come from the north. Alternate translation: “the enemy army coming from the north” or “the enemy army marching from the north” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
13:20 iny8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that the people of Judah will be captured by the enemy armies. This question is asked as if the people of Judah had already been captured even though this has not yet happened. The question can be written as a statement and in future tense. Alternate translation: “I gave you the people of Judah to care for, like a beautiful flock of sheep, but the enemy army will capture them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
|
||
13:20 e5mm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the people of Judah as a “flock” of sheep to emphasize that the leaders of Judah were supposed to care for them and look after them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
13:21 t9l3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that the people who Judah’s leaders thought they were at peace with will conquer them. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “The people you thought were your friends will conquer you and rule over you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
13:21 br9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to tell the people that their capture is just the beginning of the suffering they will go through. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “These things that you will suffer are like the beginning of the labor pains of a woman in childbirth.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
13:22 uzi6 0 Yahweh continues to talk to Jeremiah. He is telling Jeremiah what to say to the king of Judah and the king’s mother.
|
||
13:22 i8we rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This means that the enemy soldiers will rape the Judean women. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the enemy soldiers will lift up the skirts of your women and rape them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
13:23 wyf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question is used to state an example of something that is impossible. This question can be written as a statement. Also, the understood verb “can” maybe be supplied in the second phrase. Alternate translation: “The people of Cush cannot change their skin color and a leopard cannot change its spots.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
13:23 m8ie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony 0 This statement is ironic because the examples about the Cushite and the leopard are impossible situations. This states that if those impossible things could happen then they could do good. Alternate translation: “Just like these things are impossible, so it is also impossible for you who always do evil to do good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
|
||
13:24 rw5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 “I will scatter them like chaff that is blown away by the wind.” Yahweh is saying He will scatter His people throughout the world just as chaff is scattered by the wind. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
13:26 pid5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This means that Yahweh will make them feel ashamed. It does not in any way mean that he will rape them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “It is as though I myself will strip your skirts off of you so that everyone will see your private parts and you will be ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
13:27 r896 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This is the sound of a male horse desiring a female horse. Alternate translation: “lusting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
14:intro pqn1 0 # Jeremiah 14 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:1-10, 17-22.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### False prophets\n\nThe false prophets promised there would not be any war or drought. They gave people a false sense of hope, when they needed to repent. Because of this, Yahweh sent a drought and said that the false prophets would die of drought and war. This showed that these were not true prophets of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
|
||
14:1 dvb6 0 Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just talked about the adultery of the people.
|
||
14:1 c8lt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
14:2 cn9g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Judah” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “Let the people of Judah mourn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:2 zct6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “gates,” which keep enemies out of cities and where people conduct business and government, is a synecdoche for Judah’s cities, and Judah’s cities are a metonym for the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “let her cities fall apart” or “let the people in her cities become unable to defend themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:2 twu5 0 “fall into pieces”
|
||
14:2 qu68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “going up” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “They are calling out loudly in prayer for Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
14:3 v2l2 0 “The rich people”
|
||
14:3 z6ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 Both of these words have similar meaning and together emphasize that the servants were ashamed that they were unable to get water. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
14:3 drx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
14:4 l4rv 0 Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has continued to tell the people about the drought.
|
||
14:4 je8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
14:5 yca3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrase have the same meaning and emphasize that the doe leaves her young deer because she cannot provide for them. A doe is a female deer. Alternate translation: “the deer leaves her young in the field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
14:5 q5hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that there is no grass for the deer to eat. Alternate translation: “for there is no grass for them to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
14:6 rv34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This speaks of the donkeys panting because they are thirsty by saying that they pant like jackals. Jackals are fiece wild dog which pant a lot. Alternate translation: “they pant in the wind like thirsty jackals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
14:6 sa12 0 “They become blind because there is no grass to eat”
|
||
14:7 u1uz 0 Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just told the people about the drought.
|
||
14:7 a7md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here their “iniquities” are spoken of as if they were people who testified against them about their wrong doing. Alternate translation: “our iniquities give evidence of our wrongdoing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
14:7 hdk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “for the sake of your reputation” or “in order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:8 t2bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This is another name for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You are the hope of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
14:8 pi7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 The people are asking if Yahweh is unconcerned with his people and unable to help them. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should not be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer who stretches out and spends just one night.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
14:8 m5rq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This question speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unconcerned with helping his people as if he were a stranger just travelling though a place unconcerned with those living there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
14:9 i24n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unable to help his people as if he were a confused warrior who was unable to rescue anyone. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do nothing to help us, like someone who is astounded or like a warrior who has no power to rescue us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
14:9 np92 0 unable to understand or to think clearly
|
||
14:9 s46u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. This speaks of the people being Yahweh’s people by saying that his name is over them. Alternate translation: “we bear your name” or “we are your people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
14:10 jb8u 0 Jeremiah has been praying and asking Yahweh not to leave them alone.
|
||
14:10 u7uz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “they love to wander away from me.” This speaks of people being unfaithful to Yahweh and not obey him as if they had wandered from the place where he is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
14:10 x599 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the people are referred to by their “feet” to emphasize their walking away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “have not kept themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
14:10 t4hn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remembers” or “recalls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
14:11 i69u 0 “to assist” or “to help”
|
||
14:12 a2l9 0 loudly crying because of sorrow
|
||
14:12 vgw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
14:12 c1vk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here war is represented by the “sword” which was the common weapon used in battle. Alternate translation: “by war” or “by battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:13 xfr8 0 Yahweh has just told Jeremiah not to pray for the people of Judah.
|
||
14:13 l6t3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “sword” represents war, and to “see” represents experiencing. Alternate translation: “You will not experience any war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:13 sd1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “security” is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could give to another person. Alternate translation: “I will allow you to live securely” or “I will allow you to live peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
14:14 jsc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “deceit” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “prophesy deceitfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
14:14 xd4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:14 jv6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that Yahweh did not send them out with messages to give to the people. Alternate translation: “I did not send them to prophesy to other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
14:14 t2xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “minds” are spoken of as if they were a place instead of the ability to think of ideas. Alternate translation: “that they think up themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
14:15 p8k9 0 Jeremiah has just been talking to Yahweh about the things the false prophets have been prophesying.
|
||
14:15 kl3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:14](../14/14.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:15 q47z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “there will be no war … perish by war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:16 yx8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “famine and war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:16 ex5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. This means that whole families will die and people will throw their bodies into the streets instead of burying them. Alternate translation: “Then the people to whom they prophesied will die by famine and sword and people will throw their bodies into the streets of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
14:16 vjb4 0 This describes who is referred to by the word “them,” that is, everyone who died by famine and sword.
|
||
14:16 wam5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people in accordance to their wicknedness as if their own wickedness were a liquid that he would pour upon them. Alternate translation: “I will punish them like they deserve to be punished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
14:17 m8yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 Here two opposite times of the day are given to mean all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time, both night and day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
14:17 v4hr 0 a cut or break in skin that cannot be cured
|
||
14:18 kwc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Also, here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “who died by the sword” or “who died in war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:18 xa86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “diseases” represent the people who have these diseases because of their starvation. Alternate translation: “there are the ones who are sick because of famine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:18 uax5 0 move around without purpose
|
||
14:18 nrq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It may be helpful to state what they do not know. Alternate translation: “they do not know what they are doing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
14:19 bxi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “we hoped for a time of healing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
14:20 z8n3 0 “Yahweh, we admit our wicked offenses and our ancestors’ iniquity”
|
||
14:21 ni6n 0 Jeremiah continues his prayer to Yahweh.
|
||
14:21 ur4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “For the sake of your reputation” or “In order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:21 h4sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh’s “throne” is represented by Zion, that is Jerusalem. His “throne” also represents the place where he rules as king. Alternate translation: “do disgrace Zion where you glorious throne is” or “do not disgrace Zion, where you rule as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:22 my15 0 “Can the skies decide when they make the rain to fall?”
|
||
15:intro ebq4 0 # Jeremiah 15 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:2, 5-21.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Do not pray for the people\n\nGod told Jeremiah not to pray for the people because God was punishing them. This was meant to be an illustration for Jeremiah. Jeremiah was not to pray because the punishment was already determined. Yahweh also explains that even the great Moses could not help the sinful Jews. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n### Yahweh uses Gentile nations\nYahweh is going to use the Gentile nations to punish Judah. This would have been very offensive to the Jews. They would have also been surprised to learn that Yahweh was using the Gentile nations to punish his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
15:1 w1rn 0 Jeremiah has just been praying to Yahweh.
|
||
15:1 az7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This implies that they are pleading for Yahweh to spare the people. Alternate translation: “were standing in front of me pleading for these people, I would still not be in favor of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
15:1 g56c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh repeats this idea of sending away his people to add emphasis to it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
15:2 i7zf 0 “Those whom I have appointed to go to”
|
||
15:2 a7na rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of dying as if death were a place that people can go to. Alternate translation: “should die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
15:2 qrc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “sword” represents war. To be “for the sword” means that God has appointed them to die in war. Alternate translation: “those whom I have appointed to die in war should go to die in war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
15:2 s5vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This means that Yahweh has appointed these to die because of famine, and these words speak of dying by famine as if “famine” were a place that people can go to. Alternate translation: “Those whom I have appointed to die by famine should go and die by famine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
15:2 ub7g 0 “should go into captivity”
|
||
15:3 xfn3 0 Yahweh has just told them he will send some of them to death, some to die by the sword, some to die by famine, and some to be captives.
|
||
15:3 b44y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “sword” refers to the enemy soldiers. Alternate translation: “the enemy soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
15:4 etb6 0 Here the word “them” refers to the people of Judah, not to the four groups listed in the previous verse.
|
||
15:4 g2xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Manasseh was a very wicked king who did many evil things in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “because of the wicked things that Manasseh … did in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
15:5 sb18 0 Yahweh has just told them he will assign them to four groups to kill them—the sword, dogs, birds, and beasts.
|
||
15:5 lb4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one should mourn for Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one should have compassion on you, Jerusalem. No one should mourn for your destruction.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
15:5 wfj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Jerusalem” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “for you people who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
15:6 es4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people have, indeed, forsaken Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
15:6 w5w5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
15:6 hk2v 0 “left me” or “gone away from me”
|
||
15:6 ub2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “I will use my power to strike you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
15:7 xa8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Yahweh speaks of scattering the people and causing them to leave Jersalem as if they were winnowed chaff being blown away on the wind. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
15:7 i5zm 0 a farm tool with a long handle and sharp metal prongs, used especially for lifting and tossing grain in the air for winnowing
|
||
15:7 tdb1 0 “I will cause their children to die” or “I will let their enemies kill their children”
|
||
15:8 lzr4 0 Yahweh has just told them no one will care about them and that he will destroy his people since they would not turn from their wicked ways.
|
||
15:8 pg9y 0 women whose husbands have died
|
||
15:8 zf6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 “than the grains of sand on the seashore.” This comparison is an exaggeration used to emphasize an uncountable number. Alternate translation: “more than you can count” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
15:8 xv7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that Yahweh will send an enemy army to kill young men, which will cause their mothers great sorrow. Alternate translation: “At noonday I will send an enemy army to destroy young men and cause their mothers to weep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
15:8 rv53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “happen to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
15:9 ab1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “ashamed” and “embarrassed” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of shame. Alternate translation: “She will be completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
15:9 ysv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will grow faint” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
15:9 syp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of a woman becoming sorrowful because her children have died, as if her life were a day in which the sun had set early and turned to darkness. Here the darkness represents her sorrow. Alternate translation: “Because of her sorrow, it will be as though the sun has set and her day has turned to darkness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
15:9 e2fw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “sword” represents the enemy soldiers. This means that Yahweh will allow the enemy solider to kill any of her children that remain. Alternate translation: “I will allow the enemy soldiers to kill those of her children that remain alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
15:9 yh62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
15:10 tf3x 0 In these verse, Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh about his suffering, and Yahweh answers him.
|
||
15:10 bwu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe 0 Jeremiah pretends to speak to his mother as a way to emphasize how sad he is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
|
||
15:10 z3f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “controversy” and “argument” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize how much Jeremiah is arguing. Alternate translation: “a man with whom everyone argues all the time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
15:10 pi56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to lending money to people. Often lending money causes people to fight with one another. Alternate translation: “I have not lent money to anyone, nor has anyone lent money to me” or “I have not made anyone angry by lending or borrow money and then quarreling about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
15:11 jwd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The implicit answer to this rhetorical question is “yes.” This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will certainly rescue you for good!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
15:11 hg1a 0 Those are the enemies of Jeremiah who disagreed with his prophecies.
|
||
15:11 t2nb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 Here the words “calamity” and “distress” mean basically the same thing. They emphasize the amount or intensity of the calamity. Alternate translation: “in the time of great calamity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
15:12 gp33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 In these questions Yahweh speaks of the strength of Judah’s enemies as if they were iron mixed with bronze. These rhetorical questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can smash iron, especially if it is as strong as the iron from the north that is mixed with bronze.” or “But Judah’s enemies, who are as strong as iron or bronze, will attack Judah from the north, no one will be able to stop them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
15:13 m4cc 0 In these verse, Yahweh speaks to the nation of Israel as if it were one person.
|
||
15:13 r9fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “wealth” and “treasures” mean the same thing and refer to anything that people consider to be valuable. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
15:13 cy1n 0 things that you steal from a city after conquering it
|
||
15:13 c2bt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “all of the sins you have committed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
15:13 dzj5 0 “throughout your country”
|
||
15:14 e1nj 0 “to a land that is strange to you”
|
||
15:14 p77q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The wrath of God is spoken of as if it were a destructive fire. Alternate translation: “I will destroy you because I am very angry with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
15:14 y1s1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Yahweh speaks of his wrath as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “for my wrath is like a fire that I will kindle against you” or “for I will come against you in my wrath, and my wrath will be like a burning fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
15:14 ap1i 0 to light a fire
|
||
15:15 mlt5 0 Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh.
|
||
15:15 lk6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Jeremiah is asking Yahweh not to be patient with the sins of his enemies. The phrase “take me away” refers to him being killed. Alternate translation: “Please do not continue to be patient with them and allow them to kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
15:16 ds55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have heard your message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
15:16 a55i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of listening and understanding Yahweh’s message as if it were food that he ate. Alternate translation: “I understood your message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
15:16 f4hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “heart” represents a person emotions and feelings. Alternate translation: “what I love most” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
15:16 se2v 0 “people know that I serve you”
|
||
15:17 xx62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I did not spend time with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
15:17 lst3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Yahweh’s “powerful hand” refers to his control and influence over Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “you powerfully influence me” or “you are the one who controls what I do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
15:18 xb1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his pain. He speaks of his pain as if it were a physical wound. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “My pain is ongoing, it is like a wound that will not heal.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
15:18 f64w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 This speaks of Jeremiah’s wound as if it were a person that refuses to be healed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that will not heal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
15:18 c2kw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he feels like he cannot depend on Yahweh. He speaks of this as if Yahweh were a stream that dries up. Alternate translation: “It feels like you are undependable to me, like a stream I go to for a drink only to find it dried up.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
15:19 l1n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Jeremiah is compared to the mouth of Yahweh because he will be used to speak Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “you will speak for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
15:19 ud46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns 0 The pronoun, “yourself”, is used here to emphasis the command was specifically for Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
|
||
15:20 gf1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Yahweh compares Jeremiah to a wall because the people will not be able to defeat him. Alternate translation: “I will make you strong, like a bronze wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
15:20 nx8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the people fighting with Jeremiah as if he were an army that they waged war against. Alternate translation: “they will fight against you” or “they will oppose you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
15:20 z1e8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “save” and “rescue” mean the same thing and emphasize the safety that God promises. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
15:21 bet8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize the safety that God provides. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
15:21 z99x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the control of the wicked … the control of the tyrant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
15:21 lwc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
15:21 mm5k 0 a ruler who demands absolute obedience and is not friendly for the people under his rule
|
||
16:intro mts4 0 # Jeremiah 16 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 16:19-21. This poem also continues in chapter 17, and these should be seen as one section.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Coming punishment\n\nThe punishment that is prophesied in this chapter will happen quickly. The author gives many illustrations which describe how quickly this punishment will come. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n### Israel restored\n\nGod will bring his people back from captivity. Even though the punishment of Judah will be great, Yahweh promised a future restoration. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])
|
||
16:1 iq2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
16:4 bdx2 0 “They will die from deadly diseases”
|
||
16:4 nm5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will mourn for them or bury them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
16:4 paq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The sons and daughters born in the land are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 8:2](../08/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
16:4 b995 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 The phrase “come to an end” is a mild way to say that they will die. The word “sword” represents an army whose soldiers fight with swords. The phrase represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: “they will die in battle or from famine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
16:5 irw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘Do” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘Do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
16:5 byl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “mourning” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people are mourning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
16:5 e7zp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of no longer acting towards the people with peace, steadfast love, and mercy as if these were items that he has taken away from them. Alternate translation: “I will no longer act towards them with peace … or with steadfast love and mercy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
16:5 fg62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
16:6 ngj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 This refers to all kinds of people and uses size to refer to how important they are. Alternate translation: “Both the important and the unimportant” or “Many people, regardless of how important they are, will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
16:6 k2n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will bury them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
16:6 s8kp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 Cutting oneself and shaving one’s head were symbolic actions that expressed strong grief, especially when a loved one died. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
16:7 t3iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two clauses have a similar meaning. God said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. It was customary to take food or wine to people whose relative had died. Yahweh has removed all comfort from the people because of their sin. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
16:7 ae18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “cup” represents the drink that the cup holds. Alternate translation: “none must give a comforting drink” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
16:8 rzm9 0 “a house where people are feasting”
|
||
16:9 z6t7 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
16:9 hq3r 0 “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||
16:9 fxi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 Here the word “your” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. The idiom means that Yahweh will do this where they can see. Alternate translation: “in front of you” or “where you can see” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
16:9 b3s5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means during their lifetime. Alternate translation: “during your lifetime” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
16:9 lki1 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:34](../07/34.md).
|
||
16:11 fq83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 The words “bowed down to” mean basically the same thing as “worshiped” and describe the posture that people used in worship. God said essentially the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
16:12 cu97 0 “ancestors. Look at these people and you will see that each person”
|
||
16:12 c169 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path. Here the word “heart” represents the mind or will. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 11:8](../11/08.md). Alternate translation: “stubbornly doing the wicked things that he wants to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
16:12 qh3g 0 “who does what I tell him to do”
|
||
16:13 y41b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of forcefully removing the people from the land as if he were throwing them from the land. Alternate translation: “force you to leave this land and go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
16:13 e16l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 The mention of both “day” and “night” means all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
16:14 em2d 0 The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
|
||
16:14 l615 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when people will no longer say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
16:14 xr81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 “As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
16:16 mt7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were fishermen who are catching fish. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
16:16 mx2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
16:16 y22w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were hunters who are hunting animals. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
16:17 l1xj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “eye” represents Yahweh who sees all that they do. Alternate translation: “I am watching everything they do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
16:17 c7ju rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 Here the word “they” may refer either to the people or to their actions. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they cannot hide from me” or “they cannot hide their ways from me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
16:17 f9r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh who sees. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They cannot conceal their iniquity from me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
16:18 tpe4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of causing the land to be unacceptable to him as if the people had polluted the land. The words “their polluting” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because they have polluted my land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
16:18 sq29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “to fill” means that they have placed many idols in the land. The words “their filling” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because they have filled my inheritance with their disgusting idols” or “because their disgusting idols are everywhere in my inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
16:18 wkp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were his inheritance that he has claimed as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “the land that is my inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
16:19 rt34 0 Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh.
|
||
16:19 y75t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. He repeats the same idea three times. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
16:19 x7cn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “nations” represents the people from the nations. Alternate translation: “The people from the nations will go to you” or “The people of the nations will come to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
|
||
16:19 nk1x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. Alternate translation: “the farthest places on the earth” or “everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
16:19 c5xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “deceit” refers to false gods. Alternate translation: “our ancestors inherited nothing but false gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
16:19 jrc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Here the words “They” and “them” refer to the false gods that the ancestors taught them to believe in. The two phrases mean basically the same thing, with the second explaining how they “are empty.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
16:20 y3fg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The people ask this rhetorical question to emphasize that people cannot make gods for themselves. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “People cannot make gods for themselves. The things that they make are not gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
16:21 gwn6 0 “Therefore, indeed.” Here Yahweh begins speaking. The word “see” adds emphasis to what follows.
|
||
16:21 fz8r 0 Here the word “them” refers to the people from the nations. Yahweh repeats this phrase for emphasis.
|
||
16:21 cs55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “hand” refers to power and authority. The two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize Yahweh’s great power. Alternate translation: “my great power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
16:21 hl7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “name” refers to Yahweh’s entire person. Alternate translation: “they will know that I am Yahweh, the true God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
17:intro l48r 0 # Jeremiah 17 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 17:1-18. This poem is a continuation of 16:19-21, and these should be seen as one section.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Trusting God or humans\n\nTrust is an important part of this chapter. Those who trust in human wisdom will not prosper. Those who trust in God will have all of their needs met. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Simile\n\nThe person who depends on the power of other people is compared to a bush in the desert which always has to struggle for life. But the person who trusts in God is like a tree growing by a stream and has all his needs supplied. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
17:1 f2as rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
17:1 qcz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of Judah’s sins being so great that they cannot stop committing them as if someone had engraved their sin permanently. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
17:1 ntb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 Here the word “Judah” represents the people of Judah. This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone has written the sin of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
17:1 r9u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone has engraved it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
17:1 t19m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The sinful habits of the people are spoken of as if their sins had been engraved on their own hearts. The word “hearts” refers to the whole person: their thoughts, emotions, and actions. Alternate translation: “engraved in their very beings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
17:1 gc1k 0 The word “horns” refers to the projections on the corners of the altars.
|
||
17:3 ve7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “wealth” and “treasures” mean the same thing and refer to anything that they consider valuable. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
17:3 gfz3 0 This refers to things that people steal or take by force.
|
||
17:4 mei2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were an inheritance that he had given to the people of Judah as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “You will lose the land that I have given to you as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
17:4 w768 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of the fierceness of his anger as if his anger were a fire that burns those with whom he is angry. Alternate translation: “you have made me so angry that my anger will be like a fire that will burn forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
17:5 zp54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will curse any person who trusts in mankind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
17:5 sd5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “flesh” represents humans. Alternate translation: “he depends on mere humans for strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
17:5 f1ec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “heart” refers to the thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “turns his devotion away from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
17:6 wqm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The person who trusts in man instead of Yahweh will be like a plant that struggles to survive in an infertile land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
17:6 d8k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The phrase “barren land without inhabitants” describes and means basically the same thing as “wilderness.” Alternate translation: “the barren wilderness where no person lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
17:8 rs4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The person who trusts in Yahweh will always prosper, just like a tree does when it is planted by a river. It is not affected when there is no rain. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will be like a tree that someone has planted by water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
17:8 pf89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Yahweh speaks of a tree that draws its water from a stream being unaffected by heat and drought as if the tree were unafraid of these things. Alternate translation: “The heat will not affect it when it comes … No harm is caused to it in a year of drought” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
17:9 q56q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “heart” refers to the minds and thoughts of people. Alternate translation: “The human mind is more deceitful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
17:9 h5pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The speaker uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can understand the human heart. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one can understand it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
17:10 per1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “hearts” represents the emotions. Alternate translation: “who tests the emotions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
17:10 zu1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here a person’s behavior is spoken of as if it were the paths along which he walks. Alternate translation: “according to how he lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
17:10 hlu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the results of a person’s actions are spoken of as if they were fruit. Alternate translation: “what he has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
17:11 r1bc 0 This analogy of a bird that hatches another bird’s eggs is meant to illustrate a rich man who makes his money by robbing others.
|
||
17:11 j8my rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here the word “days” stands for someone’s entire life. Alternate translation: “when he has lived only half of his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
17:11 t4k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The riches are spoken of as if they were servants who would abandon their owner. Alternate translation: “he will lose his wealth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
17:11 wwb2 0 “at the end of his life”
|
||
17:12 c58h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of the temple being a “glorious throne” because it is there that Yahweh dwells and rules. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
17:12 mmb5 0 This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem.
|
||
17:13 j27x 0 Here the word “you” refers to Yahweh.
|
||
17:13 tkv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will write in the dust those in the land who turn away from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
17:13 e5ej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people dying and being forgotten as if someone writes their names in the dust, and those names quickly disappear. Alternate translation: “will disappear like names that someone writes in the dust” or (2) the word “earth” is a metonym for the place of the dead. The phrase is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people going to the place of the dead as if someone enrolled their names in the records of those who have died. Alternate translation: “will join those in the place of the dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
17:13 vf2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh being the source of life as if he were a fountain of living waters. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who is like a fountain of living waters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
17:13 pj3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of fresh, running water as if it were living water. Alternate translation: “the fountain of fresh, running water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
17:14 emc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you really will have healed me … you really will have rescued me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
17:14 t5hz 0 Possible meanings are (1) “For you are the one whom I praise” or (2) “For you are the reason I sing praise.”
|
||
17:15 c8ap 0 “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
|
||
17:15 kn8p 0 Here the word “me” refers to Jeremiah and the word “they” to his enemies.
|
||
17:15 qef1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The people use this question to ridicule Jeremiah because the things that he said had not yet happened. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Where are the things that Yahweh told you would happen?” or “The things that Yahweh told you would happen have not happened.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
17:15 s66x 0 “Let what Yahweh has said happen”
|
||
17:16 dye9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of leading and caring for the people as if he were a shepherd caring for sheep. He speaks of his abandoning that work as if he were running away from it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
17:16 vlg8 0 “I did not desire”
|
||
17:16 m8x1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “lips” represents Jeremiah who spoke. The word “proclamations” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the proclamations that I spoke” or “the things that I proclaimed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
17:16 hkb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I made them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
17:17 q4lu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
17:17 ls2i 0 “in times of calamity”
|
||
17:18 p168 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bring shame on my pursuers, but do not bring shame on me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
17:18 us8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous one and adds emphasis to Jeremiah’s prayer. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make them very afraid, but do not make me afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
17:18 xrc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh destroying his enemies as if they were objects that Yahweh would shatter. The idiom “a double share” means to give twice as much. Alternate translation: “shatter them with complete destruction” or “destroy them twice as much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
17:19 ab1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “then go and stand in all the other gates of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
17:21 jye6 0 “to protect your lives”
|
||
17:23 cu16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people refused to listen. Alternate translation: “They refused to listen” or “They refused to obey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
17:23 ksk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff and unmovable. Alternate translation: “became stubborn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
17:25 i3jj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as “David’s throne.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 13:13](../13/13.md). Alternate translation: “those who sit on Judah’s throne” or “the kings of the nation of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
17:25 r4s3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will inhabit this city forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
17:27 xjp9 0 “I will set the gates of Jerusalem on fire”
|
||
17:27 r5tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people cannot put it out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
18:intro z3ii 0 # Jeremiah 18 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 18:13-17, 19-23.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n### Attacking Jeremiah\nThings were so bad in Judah, they even attacked Jeremiah. To attack Yahweh’s prophet was to attack Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Simile\n\nLike a potter can change what he is making from one type of pot to another, God can change his plans and not punish people if they repent. The image of God as a potter and mankind as clay is an important one in Scripture. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
18:1 ad7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Arise” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah: ‘Arise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
18:2 ww5x 0 “the workshop of the potter.” A potter is someone who makes pots from clay.
|
||
18:3 z9ps 0 The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this.
|
||
18:3 x9yr 0 The potter’s wheel is a small table that spins. A potter uses it to make pots.
|
||
18:4 j5pm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 The word “spoiled” means that something about the pot made the potter unhappy. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the pot that the potter was making with his hands was not good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
18:4 ffd2 0 “was forming” or “was shaping”
|
||
18:4 qs6u 0 He stopped making the pot, crushed the clay back into a lump, and then used that lump of clay to make another pot.
|
||
18:4 kd4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “eyes” represents sight and sight represents one’s opinion. Alternate translation: “that he thought was good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
18:5 gj6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
18:6 y4ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 With this question, Yahweh emphasizes his authority to do as he pleases with Israel. Alternate translation: “I am allowed to act toward you, house of Israel, like the potter acts toward the clay.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
18:6 j2v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “kingdom of Israel” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
18:6 elt6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
18:6 zg76 0 “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
|
||
18:6 uzq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Yahweh compares his being able to remake Israel as he see fit to the way that the potter is able to remake a lump of clay as he sees fit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
18:7 jk3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two expressions basically mean the same thing. In the first expression, Yahweh speaks of destroying a kingdom as if the kingdom were a plant or a building that he tears down. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
18:8 lnu4 0 “withhold” or “not bring”
|
||
18:9 n3us rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of strengthening kingdoms as if they were buildings that he would build, and as if they were plants that he would plant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
18:10 q9ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “it” refers to a nation or kingdom, which is a metonym for the people in that nation or kingdom. The word “eyes” represents seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “if the people of that nation do things that I consider to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
18:10 u2ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “voice” represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Here, “not listening” is an idiom that means that they do not obey. Alternate translation: “not obeying what I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
18:11 h8xz 0 This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||
18:11 tj92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of planning disaster as if disaster were an object that he forms, like the potter would form clay. The second sentence repeats the same idea as the first using different words. Alternate translation: “I am about to devise a plan to bring disaster against you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
18:11 v6ut 0 “make a plan”
|
||
18:11 me21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
18:11 w5eq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “ways” and “practices” both refer to a person’s actions and general lifestyle. Alternate translation: “so your actions will result in good happening to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
18:12 fq15 0 The word “they” refers to the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem.
|
||
18:12 nmb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Possible meanings for this idiom are (1) the people do not care about what Jeremiah will say to them. Alternate translation: “We do not care what you say” or (2) The people do not think that anything good will come of what Jeremiah tells them to do. Alternate translation: “What you are saying will not work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
18:12 yc7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind or will. Alternate translation: “what his evil, stubborn mind desires” or “whatever evil things that we stubbornly want to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
18:13 w781 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Here the word “nations” represents the people in the nations. Yahweh asks this question to scold the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Ask the nations if any of them have ever heard of such a thing as this.” or “Nowhere on earth has anyone ever heard of such a thing like this.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
18:13 vta7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. Yahweh speaks of Israel being pure and faithful towards him as if she were a virgin and of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she had “committed a horrible act.” Alternate translation: “Israel, who is like a virgin, has done something horrible” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
18:14 bbi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the snow on the mountains never melts. Alternate translation: “The snow in Lebanon never leaves the rocky hills on its sides.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
18:14 pn6p 0 “the sides of the rocky hills”
|
||
18:14 utv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the mountain streams never cease to flow. He speaks of the streams drying up as if they were destroyed. Alternate translation: “Those cold mountain streams that come from far away never cease to flow.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
18:15 k5st rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks, and of living unfaithfully to him as if the person stumbled along the path. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “this caused them to stumble in their paths” or “it is like they stumbled while walking on a path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
18:15 x24p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks. Here, “the ancient paths” represents the way that Yahweh had told their ancestors to live and “lesser paths” represents living unfaithfully to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
18:16 qh44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “will become something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
18:16 g6ye 0 The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people will always hiss”
|
||
18:16 mx2e 0 Here the word “her” refers to “Their land.”
|
||
18:17 n6hk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of causing the people to flee before their enemies as if he were an eastern wind that scatters dust and debris. Alternate translation: “I will be like an eastern wind and scatter them before their enemies” or “I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind scatters dust and debris” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
18:17 n2xm 0 Here the word “them” refers to “my people.”
|
||
18:17 mn5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 “I will turn my back toward them, and not my face.” Turning one’s back towards someone is a symbolic action that represents rejection and turning one’s face towards someone is a symbolic action that represents favor. Alternate translation: “I will reject them and not act favorably towards them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
18:18 vh9w 0 “let us make plans to harm Jeremiah”
|
||
18:18 cf4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The words “will never perish” can be supplied to each of these phrases. This can also be expressed in positive terms. Alternate translation: “the law will never perish from the priests, and advice will never perish from the wise men, and words will never perish from the prophets” or “the priests will always have the law, the wise men will always give advice, and the prophets will always speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
18:18 f353 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Here “words” represents messages that the prophets speak from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “words of Yahweh from the prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
18:18 ay55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The people speak of speaking harmful words against Jeremiah as if their words were weapons with which they attack him. Alternate translation: “say things that will harm him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
18:19 u46b 0 Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh.
|
||
18:20 p988 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Jeremiah asks this question to emphasize that good actions should not be repaid with bad things. Alternate translation: “Disaster from them should not be my reward for being good to them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
18:20 t4h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit in which to trap him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
18:20 p3xy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “fury” represents the punishment that Yahweh intended to inflict upon them. Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh not punishing them as if he were turning his fury away from them. Alternate translation: “so that you would not punish them in your anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
18:21 xrk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “give over” means to place a person in the power of another person. Jeremiah speaks of “famine” as if it were a person who could have power over others. Alternate translation: “cause their children to die from famine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
18:21 x3mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “hands” represents power. Alternate translation: “cause those who use the sword to have power over them” or “cause them to die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
18:21 c2vn 0 “let the children and husbands of their women die.” The word “bereaved” refers to a woman whose children have all died.
|
||
18:21 yp4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let people kill their men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
18:21 gz9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let people kill their young men with swords in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
18:22 nj6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 The phrase “a distressed shout” can be translated with a verbal phrase. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let people hear a distressed shout” or “Let people hear others shout in distress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
18:22 zdc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases share similar meanings. Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit for him to fall into and set traps in which to capture him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
18:22 l4rh 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:20](../18/20.md).
|
||
18:22 pxk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “feet” represents Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “have hidden traps for me” or “have hidden traps for me to step on” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
18:23 yh1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh forgiving his enemies’ sins as if someone had written their sins down and Yahweh would erase them. This phrase means the same thing as the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “Do not pardon their sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
18:23 fin3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let people overthrow them in your presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
18:23 jrr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “wrath” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “when you are still angry with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
19:intro e68t 0 # Jeremiah 19 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### People horrified\n\nThe destruction of Jerusalem will be so complete that it will leave dead bodies everywhere and horrify people who see it.
|
||
19:2 r77q 0 This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md).
|
||
19:3 lse3 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
19:3 tn4j 0 “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||
19:3 wu9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “ears … will tingle” is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. Alternate translation: “it will shock everyone who hears of it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
19:3 w8jh 0 Possible meanings are (1) “will ring” or (2) “will quiver.”
|
||
19:4 i11f 0 Here the word “they” refers to the people of Judah.
|
||
19:4 h6hz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “innocent blood” represents the murder of innocent people. Yahweh speaks of murdering many people as filling a place with blood. Alternate translation: “murdered many innocent people in this place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
19:5 hi1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md). Alternate translation: “nor did I ever think about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
19:6 h15q 0 “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||
19:6 r6da rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will no longer call this place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
19:6 n996 0 See how you translated the names of these places in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md).
|
||
19:7 mk3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “to fall by the sword” means to die in battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will enable their enemies to kill them with swords” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
19:7 l3wj 0 The word “them” refers to the people of Judah and Jerusalem.
|
||
19:7 hl7t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The idiom “fall … by the hand of” means to be killed by someone, with the word “hand” representing the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will enable those who want to kill them to kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
19:8 qfw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people hiss” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
19:9 x4ye 0 “I will make the people who live in Jerusalem eat”
|
||
19:9 gu5g 0 “because of the siege”
|
||
19:9 jy23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because their enemies and those who are seeking their lives have brought anguish upon them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
19:10 ck5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “sight” can be expressed with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the men who went with you are watching” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
19:11 vi9r 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
19:11 uis2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can repair it again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
19:13 l6aa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The words “the houses” may be supplied here. Alternate translation: “the houses of the kings of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
19:13 u9v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 People who are not acceptable for God’s purposes are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
19:15 ut7s 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
19:15 d4pr 0 “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||
19:15 rv5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases both speak of the people being stubborn. In the first phrase, Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff. Alternate translation: “stubbornly refused to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
20:intro apn5 0 # Jeremiah 20 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 20:7-18.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Pashhur\nThis chapter prophesied punishment against a specific leader named Pashhur. He was in charge of protecting the temple and had Jeremiah beaten and arrested. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])\n\n### Jeremiah’s reaction\nJeremiah’s reaction contrasts with the reaction of the Jews in general. Although Jeremiah was not happy with Yahweh’s actions, he still trusted in Yahweh. On the other hand, the Jews were not happy with the prophecies Yahweh gave to Jeremiah, so they beat the prophet. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
|
||
20:1 l4ka rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
20:1 xjd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
20:2 h7fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Possible meanings are (1) that Pashhur himself beat Jeremiah or (2) that Pashhur ordered other men to beat Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
20:2 rg2f 0 Stocks are a wooden frame with holes in it that people use to lock up a prisoner’s hands, feet, and head.
|
||
20:2 yc2r 0 This gate is different from the gate in the city wall that shared the same name.
|
||
20:3 wf2c 0 This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
|
||
20:3 pwz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This name means “terror on every side” or “surrounded by terror.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
20:4 a8gs 0 This word adds emphasis to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
|
||
20:4 ebi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “fall by the sword” means that they will die in battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “their enemies will kill them with swords” or “their enemies will kill them in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
20:4 xmk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “eyes” represents Pashhur. Alternate translation: “you will see it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
20:4 n4ua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “I will enable the king of Babylon to conquer all of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
20:5 hbk2 0 Here the word “him” refers to the king of Babylon.
|
||
20:5 kd4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh repeats the same basic idea four times for emphasis. Babylon will take away all the wealth of Israel, including the king’s possessions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
20:5 j1gs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Placing things in people’s hands represents giving thing to the people or allowing the people to take the things. Alternate translation: “I will give these things to your enemies” or “I will allow your enemies to take possession of these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
20:6 i5vn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There, people will bury you and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
20:7 sx22 0 Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh.
|
||
20:7 xwv7 0 Some modern versions interpret these Hebrew expressions as “Yahweh, you persuaded me, and I was indeed persuaded.”
|
||
20:7 np4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you deceived me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
20:7 r6kv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the way others mock him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
20:7 r3gc 0 This is a person whom others laugh at and make fun of.
|
||
20:8 dqv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he proclaimed Yahweh’s message boldly. Alternate translation: “openly proclaimed” or “proclaimed loudly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
20:8 bd79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “word” refers to the message of Yahweh. The words “reproach” and “mocking” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people reproach and mock me every day because I proclaim Yahweh’s message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
20:8 t4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “reproach” and “mocking” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people have ridiculed Jeremiah for proclaiming Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “a reason for people to ridicule me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
20:9 bs6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Possible meanings are (1) “I will never mention Yahweh or say anything about him” or (2) the word “name” represents authority. Alternate translation: “I will no longer speak as his messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
20:9 a3zh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the words “heart” and “bones” represent Jeremiah’s innermost being. Jeremiah speaks of being unable to not speak Yahweh’s message as if Yahweh’s message were a fire that burns within him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s word is like a fire that burns deep within me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
20:10 tf3t 0 Jeremiah’s enemies say these words.
|
||
20:10 x8mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of his enemies waiting for him to do something wrong for which they might accuse him as if they were watching for him to fall down. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
20:10 zz5y 0 Jeremiah’s enemies say these words.
|
||
20:10 i3zl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Perhaps we can trick him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
20:11 zzb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Jeremiah compares Yahweh helping him and defending him against his enemies to a powerful warrior. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
20:11 yi4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of his enemies trying to harm him as if they were chasing after him and of their failing to harm him as if they were to stagger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
20:11 a96t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bring great shame upon them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
20:11 uvt7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will never forget it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
20:12 m8yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “mind” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides, and the word “heart” is a metonym for what a person feels and desires. Alternate translation: “know every person’s thoughts and feelings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
20:13 g8hc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “hand” represents power. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom evildoers oppress with their power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
20:14 z188 0 Jeremiah continues speaking to Yahweh.
|
||
20:14 rdr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Curse the day I was born” or “Let people curse the day when I was born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
20:14 n6m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not bless the day that my mother bore me” or “Do not let people bless the day that my mother bore me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
20:15 se5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Curse the man who informed my father” or “Let people curse the man who informed my father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
20:16 r8ir 0 This refers to the man who informed Jeremiah’s father of Jeremiah’s birth.
|
||
20:16 p6vf 0 This refers to Sodom and Gomorrah.
|
||
20:16 l3tc 0 Here the word “he” refers to Yahweh.
|
||
20:16 ucg7 0 Here the word “him” refers to “that man.”
|
||
20:17 j5v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of his dying while his mother was still pregnant with him as if his mother’s womb were his tomb. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
20:17 z5dt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of his pregnant mother never giving birth to the baby in her womb as if she had been pregnant forever. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
20:18 zc9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to complain that there was no good reason for him to be born. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There was no reason for me to be born only to see troubles and agony … shame.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
20:18 szf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “troubles” and “agony” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the amount and severity of suffering. Alternate translation: “to experience so much suffering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
20:18 fz2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “days” represents all the days of Jeremiah’s life. Alternate translation: “my life is filled with shame” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
21:intro d7pt 0 # Jeremiah 21 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 21:12-14.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jerusalem doomed\n\nGod will fight against Jerusalem and will use the nation of Babylon to fight his battle. If the Jews wanted to live, they needed to surrender to Babylon. Most of the Jews would have rather died than to surrender to Babylon. Usually, fighting against a Gentile nation was a sign of trust in Yahweh’s power. In this instance, it was a sign of trust in Yahweh to surrender. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
|
||
21:1 tf6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
21:1 ur9x 0 This is not the same Pashhur that was mentioned in [Jeremiah 20:1](../20/01.md).
|
||
21:1 ad5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
21:1 zpe3 0 “Pashhur and Zephaniah said to Jeremiah”
|
||
21:2 q4d4 0 This was a polite, but urgent request. Alternate translation: “Please speak to Yahweh for us … attacking us”
|
||
21:2 z5nz 0 “as he did in the past”
|
||
21:2 s62n 0 “will make him go away”
|
||
21:4 leg9 0 This tells the hearer to pay special attention to what follows.
|
||
21:4 ax9r 0 Possible meanings are (1) to make useless or (2) to send back into the city.
|
||
21:4 rb48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Possible meanings are (1) the instruments of war refers to the soldiers who carry them and “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the soldiers that you command” or (2) the instruments of war are literal weapons and “your hand” represent both the king and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “the weapons that you and your soldiers carry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
21:4 a79u 0 This term here is another name for the Babylonians.
|
||
21:4 xk9a 0 “coming close to you”
|
||
21:4 cju6 0 Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will allow the Babylonians to enter the city or (2) Yahweh will cause the Israelites to bring their weapons back into the center of the city.
|
||
21:5 hc2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns 0 This is emphatic and stresses that Yahweh is the one who will do this. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
|
||
21:5 jrm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Both of these phrases are idiomatic expressions that refer to great power. Alternate translation: “with very great power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
21:5 f3ic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These words all mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the great intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “with extremely great anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
21:6 c5rg 0 “those who live in Jerusalem”
|
||
21:7 k4qv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here this refers to the battle in which swords are used. Alternate translation: “the war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
21:7 ziv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” refers to the power of their enemies over them. Alternate translation: “into the power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
21:7 vgu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 All of these phrases refer to Nebuchadnezzar and his army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
21:7 z1zk 0 “wanting to kill them”
|
||
21:7 equ4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Possible meanings are (1) this is a metonym for death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle” or (2) they will be killed by literal swords. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
21:7 j95p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These three phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that Nebuchadnezzar will deal severely with them. Alternate translation: “He will not show them any mercy or compassion at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
21:8 uz34 0 “the people of Jerusalem”
|
||
21:8 k2vf 0 Yahweh is offering the people of Jerusalem a choice that will determine whether they live or die.
|
||
21:9 uw2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Death by the sword refers to death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle and by famine and plague” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
21:9 fn95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 This symbolic act represents surrender. Alternate translation: “surrendering to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
21:9 g472 0 “attacked you from all sides”
|
||
21:9 as7l 0 The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape with his life, even though he will lose all his possessions.
|
||
21:10 s4dv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
21:10 e61c 0 “am staring angrily at”
|
||
21:10 wwu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
21:10 jk2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have given it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
21:10 sef1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” represents the power of the king to destroy the city. Alternate translation: “into the power of the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
21:11 u3ev 0 This may serve as a title for 21:12 - 23:8. Alternate translation: “Listen to what Yahweh says about the king of Judah, his family, and his servants”
|
||
21:11 l7p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to king and his family. Alternate translation: “the king of Judah and his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
21:12 nl9b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers to the same people as “the house of the king of Judah.” All of the kings of Judah were descendants of David. Alternate translation: “Descendants of David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
21:12 s22h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Always treat the people whom you rule over fairly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
21:12 l5bg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the power of the one who oppresses them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
21:12 bpj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if it was a fire that would burn up those who did evil. Alternate translation: “I will punish and destroy you in my anger quickly and completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
21:12 ph8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah continues the simile of Yahweh’s punishment as a fire that was so hot that no one could put it out with water. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
21:13 a8zt 0 This alerts whoever is hearing to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
|
||
21:13 qie5 0 Possible meanings are (1) this may refer to Jerusalem, which was located above a valley, because “inhabitant” is singular and feminine, as is Jerusalem or (2) this is directed to another city or group of people. Most versions leave the original form rather than specifying the city.
|
||
21:13 h96i 0 “I oppose” or “I am going to punish”
|
||
21:13 dxt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 These questions are used to state their confidence that they can resist attack. Alternate translation: “No one will attack us! … No one will enter our houses!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
21:14 uf3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The result of their evil deeds is spoken of as fruit which grew from those practices. Alternate translation: “I will punish you as you deserve because of the things you have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
21:14 nf8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor for the columns of wood that supported the palace or (2) these are literal patches of brush. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:intro in1u 0 # Jeremiah 22 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 22:6-10, 13-28, 28-30.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Luxury and oppression\n\nBecause the king lived in luxury and oppressed the poor, God was sending him and his mother into captivity unless he repented. The king lacked justice. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
|
||
22:1 z5bz 0 “the palace of the king of Judah.” The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived.
|
||
22:1 qfg5 0 “proclaim this message”
|
||
22:2 qj9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 These gates are the gates of the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “your people who come to visit the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
22:3 qb4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “Act fairly and justly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
22:3 m8e5 0 “rescue anyone who has been robbed from the hand of the oppressor”
|
||
22:3 y9er rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “the hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “the power of the oppressor” or “the one who would harm him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:3 m38q 0 “Do not treat badly”
|
||
22:3 z2z9 0 a child who does not have parents
|
||
22:3 b6c5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “pour out … blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “Do not … murder innocent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
22:3 t9h8 0 Possible meanings are (1) Jerusalem or (2) the whole country of Judah. This does not imply that it is good to murder people in other places.
|
||
22:4 f37x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The metonym “throne” refers to kingly authority like David had. Alternate translation: “kings, ruling like David before them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:4 vfy3 0 This refers to the gates to the courtyard of the palace.
|
||
22:4 l5m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This phrase is a metonym that describes the kings as powerful and wealthy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:4 rx2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 This sentence lists all who will be powerful and wealthy. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he, his servants, and his people will ride into the palace on chariots and horses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
22:5 zef9 0 “if you refuse to pay attention to” or “if you do not obey”
|
||
22:5 w37m 0 This phrase here appears to refer specifically to the royal palace.
|
||
22:6 hfy3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the royal palace where the king lived or (2) “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, who were the royal line of the kings of Judah. Alternate translation: “the royal dynasty of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:6 v879 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Possible meanings are (1) “You are as beautiful as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon” or (2) “You give me as much pleasure as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
22:6 ahd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 What was formerly beautiful is said to become bare and deserted. Alternate translation: “cause you to become empty like the desert” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:7 wcw6 0 “I have chosen an army to attack you”
|
||
22:7 d1mn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meaning are (1) the beams of the palace or (2) the leading men of the royal family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:7 wb7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) a literal fire that will burn the palace beams or (2) the destruction of the royal family is spoken of as if they were burned in a fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:8 t15z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “nations” refers to the people from those nations that pass by. Alternate translation: “Then many people from various nations will pass by this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
22:9 a4v3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase “bowed down” describes the posture that people used in worship. Alternate translation: “they worshiped other gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
22:10 mwb9 0 Yahweh has shifted from addressing the King of Judah and is now speaking to a general audience.
|
||
22:10 n3gc 0 This is singular, and refers to King Josiah who had been killed.
|
||
22:10 nz1s 0 This refers to King Jehoahaz who was taken into exile in Egypt.
|
||
22:10 mc5c 0 “never come back and see the land of Israel again” or “never see his homeland again”
|
||
22:11 gm4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 The name in Hebrew is “Shallum,” but he is better known as Jehoahaz. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
22:11 rw5q 0 “who became king when his father, Josiah, died”
|
||
22:13 qz4r 0 The words “him” and “his” and “who” and “he” refer to King Jehoahaz (verse 11).
|
||
22:13 qb7j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The abstract nouns “unrighteousness” and “injustice” have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis, and can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “unjustly forced men to build his house and his upper rooms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
22:13 rzx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jehoahaz (verse 11) and his family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:13 b5uz 0 This refers to any of the neighbors of King Jehoahaz (verse 11) whom the king forces to work.
|
||
22:14 m567 0 These refer to King Jehoahaz (verse 11).
|
||
22:14 ub8w 0 These characteristics all describe a very expensive house.
|
||
22:15 ag7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for his expensive palace. Alternate translation: “Having a cedar palace does not make you a good king.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
22:15 b88r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Jehoiakim about the example of his father, King Josiah. Alternate translation: “Your father King Josiah enjoyed his life, yet did … righteousness.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
22:15 y86v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These abstract nouns have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis and can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “act justly and fairly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
22:16 nkx5 0 “Things went well for him”
|
||
22:16 y4lk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for not following the example of his father, King Josiah. Alternate translation: “This is what it means to know me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
22:16 rd6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
22:17 tab3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “eyes” is a metonym for seeing and “heart” is a metonym for thinking. Alternate translation: “you never look for or think about anything except … crushing of others” or “you only look for and think about ways to cheat others and pour out innocent blood, and to oppress and crush others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:17 u23t 0 This is getting money by cheating or by using unfair means.
|
||
22:17 idh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “pouring out … blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “murdering innocent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
22:17 l1rn 0 “doing violence to others in order to get money”
|
||
22:18 h7h1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 In verse 18, Yahweh stops speaking directly to Jehoiakim and begins to speak to other people. Here “lament” refers to grieving at Jehoiakim’s death. Alternate translation: “They will not lament for Jehoiakim when he dies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
22:18 n6j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh uses the word “Woe” several times for emphasis. He addresses the various people who would normally show great sadness when someone dies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
22:19 s435 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The burial of Jehoiakim is spoken of as being the same as the manner in which people would bury a donkey. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will bury his dead body the way they would bury a dead donkey; they will drag it away and throw it out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
22:20 ggs2 0 It appears that Yahweh is here speaking to the people of Jerusalem, telling them that they will be destroyed.
|
||
22:20 gv51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom refers to shouting. In this case, they are crying out in grief. Alternate translation: “Cry out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
22:20 ptb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 a mountain range that was southeast of Jerusalem (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
22:21 t5yr 0 “I spoke to you when you were doing well”
|
||
22:21 fs7b 0 “This was your way of life”
|
||
22:21 n4fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Listening is a metonym for obeying. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:22 l2p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This is a wordplay—Yahweh uses the idea of “shepherd” in two different ways. Here “shepherds” is a metaphor for the leaders of Jerusalem, and the wind “leads” them away. The wind represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will take your leaders away as if the wind had blown them away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:22 m6ua 0 “become captives” or “go into exile”
|
||
22:23 i6fc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of the royal palace as “Lebanon” and “cedar buildings” because it was constructed with a lot of cedar. Alternate translation: “You who live in a palace made from the cedars of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:23 n9dg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 This “You” is singular and refers to the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||
22:23 x4j2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 The meaning of the Hebrew is not clear. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “they will greatly pity you” or (2) “you will groan greatly.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
22:23 vfv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The pain that the king will feel when his enemies defeat him will be as intense as the pain a woman feels in childbirth. Alternate translation: “when you experience pain as intense as the pain of a woman in childbirth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
22:24 lcv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 Yahweh speaks to Jehoiachin as if it were possible for him to be the ring on Yahweh’s hand. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
|
||
22:24 fu3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 A signet ring was used by a king to place his seal of authority on documents. The signet ring therefore represents authority to rule. The right hand also represents authority to rule. Alternate translation: “the signet ring on my right hand that represented my authority to be king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:24 dv7c 0 “I would tear you off from my hand” or “I would quickly pull you off of my hand”
|
||
22:25 s6ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have made it possible for the ones seeking your life to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
22:25 h93i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the metonym “hand” represents power and control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:25 sr7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in [Jeremiah 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:27 cm6e 0 This refers to the land of Judah.
|
||
22:28 clg1 0 It is not clear who is speaking in verse 28.
|
||
22:28 h3sy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jehoiachin is spoken of as a pot that was completely worthless and not liked by anyone. The questions emphasize that he has no value or friends. Alternate translation: “Jehoiachin is as useless as a broken vessel and no one is happy with him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
22:28 qal1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question explains what will happen to the worthless Jehoiachin. Alternate translation: “Therefore the enemy will remove Jehoiachin and his family from the land and take them to a foreign land.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
22:28 vh5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jehoiachin and his descendants are spoke of as if they had been poured out in another country like garbage from a vessel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:29 ac8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe 0 Yahweh speaks his message to all the people of the land by calling out to the land where they live. The title is repeated to call attention to the message. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
|
||
22:30 ll6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Jehoiachin has several sons. This phrase, then, means it is as if he was childless. His children will not succeed him as king. Alternate translation: “It will be as if he did not have any children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
22:30 h57d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Sitting on a throne is a metonym for ruling as king. Alternate translation: “become king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:intro u767 0 # Jeremiah 23 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:5-6, 9-24.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Prophesying lies\n\nThe false prophets had encouraged people to continue sinning by saying everything will be alright. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Wordplay\n\nIn Hebrew, the word for “message” can also mean “burden.” In translations that are using footnotes, you may want to explain the wordplay in a footnote. In translations that are not using footnotes or which will primarily be distributed in an oral form, you may need a sentence like “What message has the Lord burdened you with now?” or “You (plural) call God’s message a heavy burden on you.”
|
||
23:1 q9nk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 In verses 1-4, Yahweh refers to Israel as his pasture, the people of Israel as his sheep, and the leaders of Israel as the shepherds. Shepherds have a duty to protect the sheep, but the leaders were not doing that. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:1 z9sb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
23:2 hus7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
23:3 rk1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues to speak about the people of Israel as if they were his sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were his shepherds. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:3 n6wn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh refers to the land of Israel as if it were good pasture for his people. This good pasture is a metonym for provision for their needs. Alternate translation: “to good pasture” or “to where all their needs will be supplied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:3 k44c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The word “increase” explains how they will be “fruitful.” Alternate translation: “they will increase greatly in number” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
23:4 ybw9 0 “I will appoint”
|
||
23:4 t983 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “be shattered” mean that someone has caused them to be afraid and mean basically the same thing as “fear.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will make them afraid anymore” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
23:4 n8p6 0 “None of my people”
|
||
23:4 ku28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
23:5 xn4x 0 This word alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
|
||
23:5 wru3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means he will appoint a successor. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
23:5 wi4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This future king descended from David is spoken of as if he were a branch grown on a tree. Alternate translation: “a righteous descendant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:5 he9a 0 Some modern versions translate this as “a legitimate successor to the throne.”
|
||
23:5 ki8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness” can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “cause people to act justly and rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
23:5 k63x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “land” refers to the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “for all the people in the nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:6 ls7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Judah” refers to the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be rescued” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:6 cl3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will rescue Judah from their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
23:6 y7s1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel will live in security” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:6 b9n9 0 this refers to the king
|
||
23:6 tg6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the one who does what is right for us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
23:7 kss4 0 This verse is very similar to [Jeremiah 16:14](../16/14.md), although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated that verse.
|
||
23:7 t4jx 0 The word “see” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows.
|
||
23:7 xb5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 “as surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
23:8 d1ds 0 This verse is very similar to [Jeremiah 16:15](../16/15.md), although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated that verse.
|
||
23:8 yqm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “who brought back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
23:8 e2wl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:8 eqs7 0 This refers to the way the northern ten tribes of Israel were captured and spread out among the surrounding countries.
|
||
23:8 c7iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to Israel, from where they were scattered. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then they will live in their own land again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
23:9 j7qj 0 In verses 9-32 Jeremiah delivers Yahweh’s message to the false prophets and the priests. Jeremiah is speaking in verse 9, but it is not clear if verse 10 are the words of Jeremiah or of Yahweh.
|
||
23:9 f11c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The prophet speaks of his heart being broken and his bones trembling because he is afraid of the judgment that will result from the lies of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “I have great fear for what will happen because of the false prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:9 lb5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom refers to deep sadness. Alternate translation: “I am very sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
23:9 g6mk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here trembling is associated with fear. Alternate translation: “I am very afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:9 a63q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 People who are drunk are not able to control themselves. Likewise, Jeremiah has lost control of himself out of fear of Yahweh’s punishment. Alternate translation: “I am like a drunk man; I cannot control myself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
23:10 v7jt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 The land is spoken of as if it were a container and the adulterers were objects that filled the container completely. That is, everyone in the land is an adulterer, which in turn is an exaggeration for very many people being adulterers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
23:10 pz91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This word here probably has two senses. It has the literal meaning that the men in the nation had committed adultery against their own wives, and it also has the figurative meaning that they had abandoned Yahweh in order to worship idols. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:10 t6w1 0 Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew phrase as “the land mourns.”
|
||
23:10 u1vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The wicked actions of the false prophets are spoken of as if they were walking on an evil path. Alternate translation: “These prophets are doing things that are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:11 g5xv 0 Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
|
||
23:11 pq1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The prophets and priests are defiled by sin in the same way that water can be polluted by filth. Alternate translation: “the prophets and the priests are sinful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:12 fgb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The danger of their actions is spoken of as if they were about to fall off the slippery edge of a cliff in the dark and injure themselves. Alternate translation: “there actions are unstable and dangerous, like walking on a slippery place in the darkness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
23:12 cdv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of disaster as an enemy that he will send to attack the priests and false prophets. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to experience disaster” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:13 q2w8 0 Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
|
||
23:13 sqi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The deception of the people by the false prophets is spoken of as leading them down the wrong path. Alternate translation: “deceived my people, the Israelites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:14 kpq8 0 Possible meanings are (1) they were literally unfaithful to their wives or (2) their worship of other gods is spoken of as spiritual adultery.
|
||
23:14 gu9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means they lived a life of deceit. Alternate translation: “live in dishonesty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
23:14 v93v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “They strengthen those who do evil” or “They encourage people who do evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
23:14 hf5u 0 This can be state in positive form. Alternate translation: “everyone continues in their sin”
|
||
23:14 cc8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Sodom and Gomorrah were cities that were so wicked that God destroyed them with fire from heaven. Alternate translation: “They all became as evil as Sodom … as wicked as Gomorrah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
23:15 t5fw 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
23:15 cv5x 0 The word “look” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows.
|
||
23:15 ug5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Wormwood is a plant that is very bitter and unpleasant to eat. This phrase describes the punishment that Yahweh was going to bring about on the evil prophets. In the same way wormwood was bitter and the water was poisonous, so would Yaweh’s judgment be on the evil prophets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:15 wjd4 0 “I will soon”
|
||
23:15 zxk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the evil teaching of the priests and false prophets is spoken of as if it were something filthy that ruined the land. Alternate translation: “evil has come from the prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:15 fxa4 0 dirty and unsafe things that spoil the air, water, or land where they are found
|
||
23:16 z212 0 Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
|
||
23:16 u2nu 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
23:16 yu7d 0 “The prophets have caused you to believe something that is not true!”
|
||
23:16 qzm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “minds” refers to the thoughts of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “visions that they imagined” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:16 nij1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “mouth” refers to what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “not what Yahweh said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:17 e3yb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 The word “constantly” is an exaggeration to emphasize that this is what they normally say. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
23:17 kg1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “heart” refers to their desires. To follow those desires is spoken of as walking in them. Alternate translation: “everyone stubbornly does whatever they desire to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:17 ww1a 0 “Nothing bad will happen to you”
|
||
23:18 rtl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 These questions are used to rebuke the priests and false prophets for not obeying Yahweh. Alternate translation: “No one advises Yahweh. No one understands what Yahweh says. No one obeys Yahweh’s commands.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
23:18 crs3 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. They can be combined in one phrase. Alternate translation: “obeys his word at all”
|
||
23:19 sv8q 0 Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
|
||
23:19 b4tl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 These three phrases all refer to a great storm that is a metaphor for Yahweh’s anger. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s anger is coming like a great storm, going out with fury and whirling like a tempest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
23:19 gsy3 0 a violent windstorm
|
||
23:19 w4qs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it were a windstorm whirling around the wicked. Alternate translation: “It is coming upon the wicked like a windstorm” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
23:20 n8pg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Yahweh’s wrath is spoken of as if it were alive and could act on its own. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not stop being angry until he” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
23:20 p9sd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “heart’s intentions” refers to the things that Yahweh wanted to happen. Alternate translation: “completed and accomplished all the punishment that he had planned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:20 b1p2 0 “the future”
|
||
23:21 duz4 0 Yahweh is the speaker in verses 21-40.
|
||
23:21 e2zq 0 Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
|
||
23:21 jy71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is understood that they are prophesying falsely. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they have prophesied falsely anyway” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
23:22 nx49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 Yahweh states what would have happened if the priests and false prophets had participated in Yahweh’s council meeting in heaven. This hypothetical situation is impossible. Alternate translation: “if they had truly listened to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
|
||
23:22 kym3 0 In ancient times, God was thought to hold meetings with the angels in heaven. Yahweh is referring to this kind of meeting, which humans could not attend. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 23:18](../23/18.md).
|
||
23:22 n2ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means they would stop doing these things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
23:23 w171 0 Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
|
||
23:23 dpw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not rule everywhere. Alternate translation: “I am not only a God who is here in Jerusalem … but I am everywhere!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
23:23 ek7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
23:24 s2d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not see the evil that they were doing. Alternate translation: “No one can hide in a secret place so I cannot see him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
23:24 asa4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is everywhere in heaven and on earth. Alternate translation: “I am everywhere, both in the heavens and on the earth.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
23:25 efh2 0 Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
|
||
23:25 z8fx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “deceit” can be expressed as an adjective or an adverb. Alternate translation: “prophesying deceit things” or “prophesying deceitfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
23:25 aqc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 14:14](../14/14.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:25 ax5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 They meant that this dream was from God. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I had a dream from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
23:26 ud78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh asks this question to emphasize that this is something that should not continue. Alternate translation: “This should not continue, prophets declaring lies which they themselves have made up.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
23:26 acr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the false prophets made up their prophesies. Alternate translation: “prophesy things that come only from their own minds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
23:27 z1ge rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “name” refers to the whole being of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “forget me … forgot me” or “forget who I am … forgot who I am” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:27 ph7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Baal’s name” refers to the god Baal. Alternate translation: “leading my people to worship Baal instead of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:28 uu8f 0 Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
|
||
23:28 nf21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
23:29 cmi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that his word is much more powerful than the words of mere men. In that way, his word is like fire or a hammer. Alternate translation: “My word is powerful like fire … and powerful like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
23:30 s9jd 0 “I am opposed to”
|
||
23:30 za3e 0 This implies that the false prophets are thieves. They are so evil that they take each other’s messages without permission rather than make up their own false messages.
|
||
23:31 fj9k 0 Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
|
||
23:31 eh6r 0 This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
|
||
23:31 cyr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “tongues” is a metonym for the ability to speak. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:33 a291 0 In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
|
||
23:33 c2ph 0 Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
|
||
23:33 rek5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 These two instances of “you” are singular and refer to Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||
23:33 t7eb 0 Here “burden” means a message or prophecy from Yahweh.
|
||
23:33 smx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 These two instances of “you” are plural and refer to the false prophets and the priests. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||
23:33 gg8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “burden” means a heavy load. This is a metaphor that means they annoy Yahweh and he no longer wants to put up with them. Alternate translation: “You are a burden that I am tired of carrying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:33 ct8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
23:34 dnw7 0 Here “burden” means a message or prophecy from Yahweh.
|
||
23:34 zc9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “house” is a metonym for the family that lives inside it. Alternate translation: “his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:35 x255 0 In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
|
||
23:35 lj8n 0 Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md) and completes in [Jeremiah 23:40](./40.md).
|
||
23:35 m2dm 0 It may be helpful to reorder this sentence. Alternate translation: “Each person continues to ask his neighbor and his brother, ‘What did Yahweh answer?’ and ‘What did Yahweh declare?’”
|
||
23:36 c4en 0 Possible meaning are (1) both instances of “burden” mean “message.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer call your visions the ‘burden of Yahweh’ because they are really only every man’s own words, and” or (2) the first ‘burden’ means “message” and the second means “heavy load.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer talk about the ‘message of Yahweh’ because the words that each of you speak are what is a ‘heavy load.’ In this way”
|
||
23:36 ppq7 0 To “pervert” something is to twist or distort it. Alternate translation: “you have changed the message of the living God, Yahweh of hosts, our God, to say what you want it to say and not what God said”
|
||
23:37 ntt4 0 In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
|
||
23:37 pg4g 0 Yahweh completes his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in [Jeremiah 23:9](../23/09.md).
|
||
23:37 u96b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 Here “you” is singular and refers to Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||
23:38 da5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 All of these instances of “you” are plural and refer to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||
23:39 uyp8 0 “therefore, pay attention.” This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows.
|
||
23:39 w43s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of sending these priests and false prophets into exile as if they were an object that he was going to throw far away. Alternate translation: “I am about to drive you away from me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:39 u7cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 All of these instances of “you” are plural and refer to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||
23:39 ad6n 0 This refers to Jerusalem.
|
||
23:40 bq3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 This instance of “you” is plural and refers to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||
23:40 t2qe 0 “I will cover you with shame that will last forever and insult that you will never forget” or “I will cause people to make fun of you forever. People will never forget that you were disgraced.” Yahweh speaks of the humiliation of the priests and false prophets as if he would put shame and insult on them like clothing.
|
||
23:40 p6n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that will last forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
24:intro fru9 0 # Jeremiah 24 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The exiles are blessed and the others punished\n\nGod will bless the people who were taken away into Babylon but punish the people left in the land because they still did not repent and turn to him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
|
||
24:1 dy22 0 All instances of this pronoun refer to Jeremiah.
|
||
24:1 gh4c 0 The word “Behold” here shows that Jeremiah saw something interesting.
|
||
24:1 mx54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 This part of the story is used to provide historical information to show when the events of the happened. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||
24:1 gms2 0 people skilled at building things
|
||
24:1 i6yi 0 people skilled at creating things out of metal
|
||
24:2 yn27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one could eat them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
24:3 wk1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one could eat them … no one can eat them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
24:4 th8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
24:5 bn7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “look on” is an idiom that means Yahweh will take care of them. Alternate translation: “I will take good care of the exiles of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
24:5 vt5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The good figs represent those Judean exiles sent to the land of Chaldea. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
24:6 p9np rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “set my eyes” means he will see them. Seeing them is a metonym for caring for them. Alternate translation: “I will bless them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
24:6 i7sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two metaphors have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Alternate translation: “I will help them to prosper in Chaldea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
24:6 pp2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speak of the exiles as a building which Yahweh will build and not tear down. Alternate translation: “I will help them flourish in the land, and not ruin them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
24:6 whb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speak of the exiles as plants which Yahweh will plant in good soil and not pull out. Alternate translation: “I will establish them in the land, and not remove them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
24:9 hi95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how thoroughly Yahweh will judge the people of Jerusalem. They will become something that will frighten other people when they see it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
24:10 f8lu 0 “I will kill them with war, famine and sicknesses”
|
||
24:10 j4rn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “sword” refers to war or enemy armies. Alternate translation: “I will send enemy armies” or “I will send out war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
24:10 k2as rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 These things are spoken of as if they were living things that could attack the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
24:10 l4fs 0 “none of them remain in the land”
|
||
25:intro uf7k 0 # Jeremiah 25 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 25:30-38.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Seventy years\n\nBabylon will rule over Judah for seventy years. Because Yahweh is just, he will soon punish Babylon for their evil actions. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Idiom\n\nJeremiah uses the idiom of drinking the cup of wine of God’s punishment to say that Babylon will destroy all the surrounding nations and then be destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
25:1 jgw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
25:1 a9rv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
25:3 q39g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
25:5 nw93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of people who stop committing an action as if those people were turning away from that action. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:5 xe34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The terms “wicked way” and “corruption of his practices” mean the same thing and refer to every sinful thing that they do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
25:5 jc1p 0 “his corrupt practices”
|
||
25:6 yxs7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of a person being devoted to a god as if the person were walking behind the god. Alternate translation: “do not become devoted to other gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:6 cgg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Possible meanings for the phrase “the work of your hands” are (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh with the idols that you have made” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh by the things that you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
25:7 fz11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:6](../25/06.md). Possible meanings for the phrase “the work of your hands” are (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the idols that you have made with your hands” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the things that you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
25:7 t2s6 0 “so that I do harm to you”
|
||
25:8 i8m8 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
25:9 rd1n 0 “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
|
||
25:9 kxv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom to “bring … against this land” means that they will attack the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “bring them to attack this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
25:9 h39v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “set … apart for destruction” means to destroy something completely. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
25:9 h2cj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will turn them into something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
25:9 e1u4 0 The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people will hiss”
|
||
25:10 nzy3 0 These are two large, round stones used to grind grain.
|
||
25:10 n68f 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:34](../07/34.md).
|
||
25:11 zyt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The words “desolation” and “horror” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will cause this land to be desolate and something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
25:12 m9ye 0 “after seventy years” or “after seventy years have passed”
|
||
25:12 pua7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The noun “desolation” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “desolate forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
25:13 dbu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “everything that Jeremiah has written in this book” or “everything that one has written in this book” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
25:14 tv7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of punishing the people of the nations for what they have done as if he were paying them back. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:14 l9f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The idiom “the works of their hands” refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “everything that they have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
25:15 uqa7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of his extreme anger as if it were wine that fills a cup. Alternate translation: “Take this cup of wine that represents my fury” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:15 nl26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Yahweh speaks of people experiencing his fury as if they were to drink the wine that is in the cup. Alternate translation: “make all the people of the nations … drink the wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:16 y8ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of the people being terrified about his fury as if they were drunk from drinking the wine from the cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:16 ftn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “because of the wars that I am causing to happen among them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
25:17 ti8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:17 h4ut rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “I made all the people of the nations … drink the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
25:18 a2nm 0 The adjective “terrifying” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “something that terrifies people”
|
||
25:18 m6p4 0 The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval. Both “hissing” and “cursing” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people hiss and which they curse”
|
||
25:18 jbw1 0 Possible meanings are that this phrase (1) refers to the time when the book of Jeremiah was written and some time after Jeremiah had proclaimed this prophecy or (2) means that the things about which Jeremiah prophesies here have already started to happen.
|
||
25:19 zv1x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:19 c8ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “People from other nations also had to drink the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
25:20 lnv5 0 Possible meanings are (1) people whose ancestors were from different people groups or (2) foreigners who lived in Egypt.
|
||
25:20 y7a1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
25:22 q9z1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:22 e275 0 This is a reference to the Mediterranean Sea.
|
||
25:23 ufe5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
25:23 ak9u 0 This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 9:26](../09/26.md).
|
||
25:23 dgh2 0 “they also had to drink the wine from the cup”
|
||
25:24 gv4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:25 dg7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
25:26 kn4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom that means every person, one after another. Alternate translation: “one after another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
25:26 f9h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “the cup” is a metonym for the wine that it contains. Alternate translation: “all of these people had to drink the wine from the cup in Yahweh’s hand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
25:27 p9dl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:27 dq9j 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
25:27 v2lj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “before the wars that I am causing to happen among you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
25:29 ut1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers to Jerusalem and can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the city that I have called by my name” or “Jerusalem, which I have called by my name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
25:29 xp4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people and to emphasize that he will certainly punish them. Alternate translation: “so do not think that you yourselves will be free from punishment.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
25:29 xg8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “sword” represents war. Yahweh speaks of declaring war against the people as if he were calling a sword against them. Alternate translation: “I am declaring war against all the inhabitants of the land” or “I am bringing war against all the inhabitants of the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:30 c55r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh shouting very loudly as if he were roaring like a lion. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:30 l53r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This phrase is a metonym for heaven. Alternate translation: “from heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
25:30 x8nc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as if he were a lion and his people were a flock of sheep. The people will be helpless when Yahweh comes to punish them, as sheep are helpless when a lion attacks. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:30 ct53 0 This refers to people who crush grapes in a winepress with their feet in order to make wine.
|
||
25:31 fjq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. Alternate translation: “to the farthest places on the earth” or “to everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
25:31 ytv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “flesh” represents humanity. Alternate translation: “on all mankind” or “on all people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
25:31 luq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
25:32 gee1 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
25:32 vv51 0 “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||
25:32 zv4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Yahweh speaks of great disasters happening in each nation as if “disaster” were a person who goes from nation to nation. Alternate translation: “great disasters are going to happen in one nation after another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
25:32 dfh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) Yahweh speaks of Babylonian army and the destruction that it will cause as if it were a great storm or (2) Yahweh speaks of his great anger as if it were a great storm that causes much destruction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:33 nd4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
25:33 zab4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 By mentioning both ends of the earth, this phrase represents everywhere in between those ends. Alternate translation: “will on that day cover the entire earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
25:33 gm43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will mourn them, gather them, or bury them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
25:33 brq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The bodies are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 16:4](../16/04.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
25:34 i7rd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who are responsible for protecting and caring for the people, who, implicitly, are spoken of as if they are the sheep. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:34 tec2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 This is a sign of sorrow, mourning or distress. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
25:34 ufa1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This phrase also refers to the leaders of Israel who are responsible to care for the people, who are spoken of as if they were a flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “you leaders of the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:34 chn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony 0 Usually it is the sheep that are slaughtered, but here Yahweh says that he will slaughter the shepherds. The word “slaughter” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “for the time has come for me to slaughter you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
25:34 cj7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel being destroyed as if they are pieces of pottery that shatter when they fall to the ground. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will fall like fine pottery and your shattered pieces will scatter on the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
25:36 taa7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of the nation in which the leaders think that they live peacefully as if it were the “pastures” in which they care for the sheep (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:37 n1fc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues to speak of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds. Here he speaks of the nation as the “pastures” in which they think they live peacefully. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:37 nz1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will devastate the peaceful pastures because of he extremely angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
25:38 gc84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh punishing his people in his extreme wrath is spoken of as if Yahweh were a lion who leaves his den in search of prey. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
25:38 tr4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “their land will become something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
25:38 ef4f 0 This refers to the anger of Israel’s enemies.
|
||
26:intro m6jw 0 # Jeremiah 26 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The people want to kill Jeremiah\n\nThe people wanted to kill Jeremiah but other people intervened and said that they should listen to Jeremiah and repent. They represent the remnant of the faithful Jews. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
|
||
26:1 hc6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 18:1](../18/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This message came from Yahweh. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
26:1 v8wh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It can be stated clearly who Yahweh gave this message to. Alternate translation: “this word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
26:2 f1ff rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “cities” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “people from the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
26:2 aun6 0 “Do not leave anything out from what I have told you!”
|
||
26:3 x43j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “each man will stop his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
26:3 v13u 0 This is conditional destruction. If Judah repents, God will not destroy but heal them.
|
||
26:3 ig56 0 “the wicked way that they live” or “the wicked things that they do”
|
||
26:6 vka9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Yahweh had destroyed a place of worship at Shiloh, and he was threatening to destroy this place of worship. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
26:6 qd3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 What Yahweh would turn the city into is a metonym for what people would use the city for. Alternate translation: “I will make this city so that people will ask me to destroy others the way I have destroyed this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
26:6 w3q2 0 “so that all the nations on earth can see me do it”
|
||
26:7 id3z 0 the temple
|
||
26:8 zr32 0 Possible meanings are (1) The people chose to believe the lie of false peace and did not want to be confronted with the truth, or (2) the people believed the other prophets proclaiming peace and saw Jeremiah as a false prophet who should be stoned for leading the people astray.
|
||
26:9 sb1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rebuke can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have prophesied … inhabitant.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
26:10 kp6h 0 the name of the gate through which people went into the temple
|
||
26:11 n24j 0 “you heard”
|
||
26:12 m8sc 0 “the people who worship in Yahweh’s temple and those who live in the city of Jerusalem”
|
||
26:13 u7ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases mean almost the same thing. Alternate translation: “the things you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
26:13 u76z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The voice is a synecdoche for the person, and the same word can be translated “listen” or “obey.” Alternate translation: “obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
26:14 kr6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “good” and “right” mean the same thing. The eye is a metonym for the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “Do to me whatever you think is the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
26:15 r93l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Blood is a metonym for violent death, and to bring blood on someone is to make them guilty of violent death. Alternate translation: “you are making yourselves and this city and its inhabitants guilty of the violent death of an innocent person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
26:15 cu9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These are two ways of speaking of the same people, perhaps first as a group and then as individuals. The city is a metonym for the people in the city. Alternate translation: “all the people in the city and every one of the people who live here” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
26:15 mi1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The ear is a metonym for what the ear hears. Alternate translation: “for you to hear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
26:16 jf98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The person’s name is a metonym for his authority. Alternate translation: “with the authority of Yahweh our God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
26:18 z8nb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]
|
||
26:18 t6dn 0 a person from the town or region of Moresheth
|
||
26:18 az6u 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
26:18 pi1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “Zion” and “the hill of the temple” refer to the same place. When a farmer plows a field, he turns over all the dirt and uproots all the plants that are growing there. A thicket is so full of bushes that no one can use it for anything. These two metaphors cannot be literally true at the same time, but they emphasize that Yahweh will allow the invaders to completely destroy the temple area. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
26:19 qp3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. Alternate translation: “You know very well that Hezekiah … did not put him to death.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
26:19 pa6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The land is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
26:19 vxq8 0 The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. Alternate translation: “You know very well that he feared Yahweh and appeased the face of Yahweh so that Yahweh … them.”
|
||
26:19 gxw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The face is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “cause Yahweh to be less angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
26:19 fc9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. The word “lives” is a metonym for the people. Alternate translation: “If we kill Jeremiah, we will do greater evil against our own lives.” or “We do not want to do worse things to ourselves.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
26:20 vwh1 0 Jeremiah stops telling about his own life and begins telling about what happened to another prophet.
|
||
26:20 lp4c 0 “While what I was just telling you about was happening, there was”
|
||
26:20 dij2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The words “city” and “land” are metonyms for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “prophesied that bad things would happen to the people who lived in this city and this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
26:21 m5dp 0 “heard what he said”
|
||
26:22 pux5 0 This is the end of the story of Uriah.
|
||
26:22 q88r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 men’s names (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
26:23 dgv1 0 dead body
|
||
26:24 d2pc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Ahikam was not a soldier, so he probably was able to talk to people and change their minds. Alternate translation: “Ahikam … was able to help Jeremiah” or “Ahikam … was able to keep the people from harming Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
26:24 t71n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 men’s names (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
26:24 y6jk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Ahikam did not allow the people to have the power to put Jeremiah to death” or “the people could not kill Jeremiah because Ahikam did not give them the power to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
27:intro ka54 0 # Jeremiah 27 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The nations should serve Babylon\n\nJeremiah told the king of Judah, and all the surrounding nations, to serve the Babylonians and live in their land. If they refused, Babylon would take them as captives to another land.
|
||
27:2 w3cz 0 things that keep a person from moving freely
|
||
27:3 ak1w 0 This seems to mean that Jeremiah was to send a set of fetters and yoke to each king listed. But some versions of the Bible translate this as “Then send out messages.”
|
||
27:3 tkx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “Have those kings’ ambassadors, who … Judah, take them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
27:4 tqe7 0 Jeremiah was instructed to give a set of chains and yoke to each ambassador and a message for each king regarding the chains and yoke.
|
||
27:4 ujr8 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
27:5 si5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “raised arm” refers to great power and intensifies the first phrase. Alternate translation: “by my very great power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
27:5 yla5 0 Another possible meaning is “I give it to anyone I want to.”
|
||
27:6 p2p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, and the word “lands” is a metonym for the people who live in those lands. Alternate translation: “I … am putting the people who live in all these lands under the power of Nebuchadnezzar … servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
27:7 j598 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 You may need to make explicit the nature of the time. Alternate translation: “the time for me to destroy his land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
27:7 q3bv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “him” refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents the kingdom of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will defeat Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
27:8 p98j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal on to the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. Alternate translation: “and whose people do not willingly become slaves of the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
27:8 e21c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The hand here could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar’s power, or it could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar’s armies. Alternate translation: “I have used Nebuchadnezzar’s power to destroy it” or “I have enabled Nebuchadnezzar’s armies to destroy i” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
27:9 yx3t 0 Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the people of Judah
|
||
27:9 vwe7 0 people who say what will happen in the future
|
||
27:11 l1up rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](../27/08.md). Alternate translation: “the nation whose people willingly becomes slaves of the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
27:11 hi97 0 The nation here is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the nation of people who place”
|
||
27:11 w1tr 0 This means to prepare and use land to grow food crops
|
||
27:11 eq6b 0 “make their homes in their own land”
|
||
27:12 d48x 0 Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the king of Judah.
|
||
27:12 s392 0 Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words were translated in [Jeremiah 27:8](../27/08.md).
|
||
27:12 gls2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 The word “your” refers to Zedekiah and the people of Judah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||
27:13 dl31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Jeremiah uses this question to warn the king that his actions will lead to his death. Alternate translation: “For if you do not do this, you will surely die … king.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
27:14 sgg7 0 Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the king and people of Judah.
|
||
27:14 dre5 0 Yahweh is warning the people about all the false prophets that he did not send and that are lying to them.
|
||
27:15 xb8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The phrase “in my name” represents speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. Here these prophets claim that they received their message from Yahweh, but that had not. The abstract noun “deceit” can be translated as the verb “deceiving.” Alternate translation: “they say they are speaking for me when they prophesy, but they are deceiving you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
27:15 qnt1 0 “I will force you to leave your home country”
|
||
27:16 uap6 0 Jeremiah continues to speak the words of Yahweh.
|
||
27:16 cbz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People are bringing back all the gold items that they took from Yahweh’s temple!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
27:17 sk8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses a question to warn the people. Alternate translation: “You can keep this city from becoming a ruin if you do what Yahweh wants you to do.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
27:18 a925 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh knows is not true. Alternate translation: “If they were prophets, and if the word of Yahweh had truly come to them, they would beg” or “Because they are not prophets and the word of Yahweh has not truly come to them, they will not beg” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
|
||
27:18 p374 0 The phrase “word of Yahweh” refers to messages from God. Alternate translation: “if Yahweh has truly given them messages” or “if Yahweh truly spoke messages to them”
|
||
27:18 tay8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh is speaking of himself in third person. Alternate translation: “my word … be me, Yahweh of hosts, not” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
27:18 ej1m 0 The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived. Alternate translation: “the palace of the king of Judah”
|
||
27:19 h1ve 0 Jeremiah continues to bring the message of Yahweh.
|
||
27:19 sly4 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
27:19 mv9m 0 These were objects that were in the temple. “The Sea” was a large bronze bowl.
|
||
27:20 x7ff 0 The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
|
||
27:21 r3av 0 Jeremiah continues to speak the words of Yahweh.
|
||
27:21 x7vp 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
27:21 trv4 0 The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace there the king lived. Alternate translation: “the palace of the king of Judah”
|
||
27:22 s56l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will bring them to Babylon” or “I will bring them to Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
27:22 au73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
27:22 jjc7 0 The reader should understand that Yahweh will have people carry them up.
|
||
28:intro r9mb 0 # Jeremiah 28 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### False prophecies continue\n\nA false prophet prophesied that the captives would return from Babylon with all the temple vessels. Jeremiah told the false prophet that he would die that year for prophesying lies, and he did die. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
|
||
28:1 eue8 0 Hananiah claims to speak for God.
|
||
28:1 uk8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths 0 This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. This was after Zedekiah had been king for three years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
28:1 i5s1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
28:2 nwh3 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
28:2 aar4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I have made it so you are no longer slaves of the king of Babylon” or “I have set you free from slavery to the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
28:3 ccb6 0 Hananiah continues to speak.
|
||
28:4 p8wn 0 The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
|
||
28:4 g5wx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom I sent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
28:6 jm3q 0 “May Yahweh prove you have prophesied truly”
|
||
28:8 kgg7 0 “The prophets who lived long ago before you and I”
|
||
28:9 v7cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “then you will know that he is indeed a true prophet and that Yahweh has sent him out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
28:11 ski8 0 “Just as Hananiah has taken the yoke off Jeremiah’s neck”
|
||
28:11 aj19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I will make it so all nations are no longer slaves of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” or “I will set every nation free from slavery to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
28:11 u45s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “nation” is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the people of every nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
28:11 dg28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the yoke that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has imposed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
28:11 ahp8 0 put on people
|
||
28:12 qez4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
28:13 k1s2 0 “You broke a weak yoke, but I will replace it with a yoke that you cannot break”
|
||
28:14 u3bq 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
28:14 y7rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of making nations to be slaves of Nebuchadnezzar as if he were putting yokes on oxen to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I have made all of these nations slaves, and they will have to serve Nebuchadnezzar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
28:16 mdf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. Alternate translation: “you urged people to rebel against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
28:17 gp9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths 0 This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
29:intro l6ne 0 # Jeremiah 29 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Two letters\n\nJeremiah sent a letter to Babylon telling the exiles to prepare for a long stay. A false prophet in Babylon wrote back to the chief priest telling him to punish Jeremiah. Even though Jeremiah had prophesied the exile, the Jews still did not believe him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
|
||
29:1 j1gt 0 “proclaimed from Jerusalem”
|
||
29:1 kv6v 0 “elders who were still alive”
|
||
29:2 ici1 0 The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
|
||
29:2 lph9 0 the king’s mother
|
||
29:2 dd2l 0 “very important officials”
|
||
29:3 jx8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Jeremiah gave the scroll to Elasah so that Elasah could take it to Babylon. The reader should understand that Elasah probably put the scroll in a container to keep it safe as he traveled. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
29:3 c79u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
29:4 wj14 0 When people wrote letters in that society, they would write their name first, then the name of the person to whom they were writing, and then the main part of the letter. Yahweh speaks of himself by name as if he were writing the letter himself.
|
||
29:4 zdg1 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
29:5 b9h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Yahweh is telling them they will be there for a long time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
29:6 x2ss 0 Parents commonly arranged their children’s marriages.
|
||
29:7 e28z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The peace of the city is a metonym for the people living in peace. Alternate translation: “Do everything you can so the people of the city live in peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
29:7 y2ms 0 These words refer to the city of Babylon.
|
||
29:8 n627 0 Yahweh continues speaking to the captive Israelites.
|
||
29:8 ty27 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
29:8 uw13 0 Another possible meaning is “you are encouraging the prophets to have for you.”
|
||
29:9 k591 0 Possible meanings are (1) these words refer to the prophets and diviners, not to the dreams or (2) “they are prophesying deceitfully” refers to the dreams, and “I did not send them” refers to the prophets and diviners.
|
||
29:9 dl19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
29:10 u5xk 0 Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to the captives of Israel.
|
||
29:10 j5jj 0 the captive Israelites
|
||
29:10 f7ht rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “70 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
29:12 y9js 0 Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to the captives of Israel.
|
||
29:12 t5ie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Praying is spoken of as calling out with a loud voice. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
29:12 chj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This implies that Yahweh will give them what they want. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
29:13 t4q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Wanting to know what Yahweh requires is spoken of as trying to find where Yahweh is. Alternate translation: “you will want to do what I require you to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
29:13 w17i 0 “you will be completely sincere when you seek me”
|
||
29:14 wng6 0 “I will cause things to go well for you again” or “I will cause you to live well again”
|
||
29:14 e84g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I sent you into exile” or “I sent you to be exiles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
29:15 mq78 0 Jeremiah speaks to the captive Israelites.
|
||
29:16 nxs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. Alternate translation: “the king who rules the Israelites as David did” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
29:17 v7vj 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
29:17 c4i2 0 This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention”
|
||
29:17 u8ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for war. The sword, famine, and disease are spoken of as people who can obey Yahweh’s command to harm the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I am going to punish them by having them die in war, from hunger, and from illness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
29:17 u3lc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Rotten figs are useless because they cannot be eaten, and Yahweh sees no use for the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
29:18 pv3g 0 Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Israel.
|
||
29:18 c9s9 0 These words all share similar meanings and describe how the people of other nations will react when they see what Yahweh has done to the people of Judah.
|
||
29:18 m2u4 0 the sound people make when they disapprove of something
|
||
29:19 xg4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
29:20 n6ah 0 Yahweh is now about to issue a command and wants them to pay attention. Alternate translation: “But as for you, listen carefully”
|
||
29:21 hg4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
29:21 li6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “name” is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “liars who tell you that they are speaking my words to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
29:21 rtz1 0 “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||
29:21 nlw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to conquer them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
29:21 rp45 0 “where you can see him do it”
|
||
29:22 bu5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the captives of Judah in Babylon will say a curse about these persons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
29:22 d1hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This word usually refers to cooking food over an open fire or in a pan, not to burning completely. Possible meanings are (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “burned to death” or (2) the king’s men attached them to poles over the fire close enough that the fire would slowly kill them but far enough away that it would not totally consume their bodies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
29:23 siu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
29:24 b1e4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
29:24 zl7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
29:25 l5qk 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
29:25 atv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “name” refers to a person’s authority and reputation. Alternate translation: “based on your own authority and reputation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
29:25 p62k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
29:26 x2p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
29:26 bf8u 0 a wooden frame that holds the feet, hands, or head of a person whom someone is punishing
|
||
29:27 z9tj 0 This finishes the letter by Shemaiah that he sent out to the people in Jerusalem.
|
||
29:27 p5f5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Shemaiah uses a rhetorical question to scold the people of Jerusalem for not rebuking Jeremiah. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I want you to rebuke Jeremiah of Anathoth … against you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
29:28 v7fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 You may need to make explicit what it was that Jeremiah sent. Alternate translation: “he has sent a message to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
29:28 v3zf 0 See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:5](../29/05.md).
|
||
29:29 vih2 0 “so that Jeremiah the prophet could hear him read it.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
|
||
29:30 z78k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
29:31 ysp9 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 29:24](../29/24.md).
|
||
29:32 h1dk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the good things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
29:32 q7ck rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
29:32 bs4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. Alternate translation: “he has urged people to rebel against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
30:intro pf1y 0 # Jeremiah 30 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:5-24.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God promises restoration\n\nDespite the prophesied punishment in this chapter, Yahweh promises to restore Judah. In addition to this, he also declares that he will ultimately restore Israel. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\nThe author uses the term “Israel” in two different ways. He uses it in reference to the nation of Israel. He also uses it in reference to the people who used to inhabit the northern kingdom of Israel, namely the people group of Israel.
|
||
30:1 f64q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
30:3 iwm1 0 “For listen carefully.” This phrase brings attention to what Yahweh is going to say next.
|
||
30:3 s2us rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will restore the fortunes” or “there will be a time … when I will restore the fortunes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
30:3 db1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
30:3 xt2s 0 “I will cause things to go well for my people, Israel and Judah, again” or “I will cause my people, Israel and Judah, to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
|
||
30:4 m5dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
30:5 l2xq 0 Possible meanings are (1) that these are the words of Yahweh referring to himself as “we.” Alternate translation: “I have heard” or (2) that these are the words of the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You people of Jerusalem say, ‘We have heard”
|
||
30:5 mej1 0 Possible meanings are (1) “people cry out in dread because there is no peace” or (2) “you cry out in dread because there is no peace.”
|
||
30:6 br85 0 “You know that no man has ever given birth to a child”
|
||
30:6 t7ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 A woman about to give birth is in great pain and unable to do anything. The young men are so frightened that their bodies hurt, and they are unable to fight. Alternate translation: “The young men are holding their bellies like a woman giving birth; they all look sick because they are so afraid.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
30:7 uva8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The name Jacob is a metonym for the man’s descendants. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the descendants of Jacob, but I will rescue them from it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
30:8 es78 0 Yahweh continues to speak to the Israelites.
|
||
30:8 h8gt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Being a slave is spoken of as wearing a yoke like an animal and wearing chains like a prisoner. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
30:9 zlx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh continues speaking about the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “you will worship Yahweh your God … your king … over you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
30:9 qp76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This is a metonym for one of David’s descendants. Alternate translation: “a man descended from their King David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
30:10 j2kb 0 Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
|
||
30:10 ff1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Jacob” and “Israel” are the two names of the ancestor of the Israelites, and these names are metonyms for the Israelites. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob … you Israelite people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
30:10 ldb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
30:10 gri4 0 “do not be discouraged”
|
||
30:10 anv7 0 “Listen carefully while I tell you why: I am”
|
||
30:10 t49p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “captivity” can be translated using the noun “captive.” Alternate translation: “from the place where they were captives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
30:10 zir5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Jacob’s name is a metonym for his descendants. Yahweh speaks to Jacob as if he were speaking to another person. You may need to make explicit to where Jacob will return. Alternate translation: “Jacob will return to his own land … he will be secure” or “The descendants of Jacob will return … they will be secure” or “You descendants of Jacob will return … you will be secure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
30:10 f2gl 0 “safe”
|
||
30:11 e618 0 “where I have sent you”
|
||
30:11 zng1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 “But I will not completely destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
30:11 r6x7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
|
||
30:12 mt3r 0 Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
|
||
30:12 fs7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This means that Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
30:13 k22x 0 “There is no one who asks me to show you mercy”
|
||
30:13 bxy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
30:14 xev8 0 Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
|
||
30:14 v4ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh describes the people of Israel as an unfaithful wife who takes lovers other than her husband. Here “lovers” refers to other nations. The Israelites allied with them and worshiped their gods instead of relying on Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
30:14 a26m 0 “They no longer want to be your friends”
|
||
30:14 rir2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has treated his people like he would treat his enemy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
30:14 b768 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has treated his people like a cruel master would treat a rebellious slave. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
30:14 m2nq 0 “your sins, which are too many to count”
|
||
30:15 q12y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh asks a question here to make the people think about why they are asking him for help now. Alternate translation: “You are calling for help for your injury because you have disobeyed me.” or “Do not call for help for your injury.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
30:16 d7ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Destroying the nation is spoken of as consuming or eating it. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So those who destroy you, their enemies will destroy them” or “So I will destroy everyone who destroys you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
30:16 a2ze 0 To plunder is to steal from peaceful people using violence, and plunder is what people steal.
|
||
30:16 i8dj 0 To despoil here is to take items from an enemy one has defeated, and the items one takes are the spoil.
|
||
30:17 xdt5 0 See how you translated these words in [Jeremiah 30:12](../30/12.md).
|
||
30:17 wi66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
30:17 bdr3 0 An outcast is a person whom other people do not accept or allow to associate with them. Alternate translation: “they called you: Rejected” or “they said, ‘Nobody wants you’”
|
||
30:17 sg4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The place name “Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in Zion. Alternate translation: “No one cares about the people of Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
30:18 n9h7 0 Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
|
||
30:18 bcm3 0 “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
|
||
30:18 q3jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The places where people live are metonyms for the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “I am about bring back the fortunes of the descendants of Jacob, and I will have compassion on them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
30:18 c7w1 0 “I will cause things to go well for the people in Jacob’s tents again” or “I will cause the people in Jacob’s tents to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
|
||
30:18 di2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. You may need to make explicit that the city they will build will be Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Then they will rebuild Jerusalem on its ruins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
30:19 rrl4 0 “Then they will sing songs of praise and joy”
|
||
30:19 hbg1 0 “I will cause them to increase in number, not to become fewer”
|
||
30:19 z7qu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one will humble them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
30:20 u5tb 0 Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
|
||
30:20 tnn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will establish them as a people before me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
30:21 nyu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translates this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
30:23 u8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of God’s anger and punishment as if it were a storm. This emphasizes his power and ability to destroy wicked people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
30:24 wc7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “intentions” can be translated using the verb “intends.” The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “what he intends to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
31:intro r3ad 0 # Jeremiah 31 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 31:1-6, 8-22, 35-37.\n\nThe ULT sets 31:29 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is an important quotation.\n\nThis chapter begins with a transition from the previous chapter. “At that time” is a reference to the day of restoration mentioned in [Jeremiah 30:24](../../jer/30/24.md). (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The new covenant\n\nThis chapter is an important teaching regarding the new covenant. God will make a new covenant that will bring forgiveness of sins and a desire to obey God. Scholars disagree about whether this new covenant has begun. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Israel\nIn this chapter, Jeremiah uses the term “Israel” in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole. He also uses it in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel and their people group.
|
||
31:1 p3h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
31:2 ht7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “found favor” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “While the people who have survived the sword have been in the wilderness, I have had grace on them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
31:2 ml2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for war. Alternate translation: “who have survived the war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
31:2 kc9p 0 Another possible meaning is “wilderness, where Israel went out to find rest.”
|
||
31:3 egs4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Jeremiah speaks of himself as if he were the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
31:3 rmr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “I have been faithful to my covenant and brought you near to me” or “I have faithfully loved you and brought you near to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
31:4 ab77 0 Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
|
||
31:4 bv1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 Yahweh purposefully repeats the idea that he will build Israel to emphasize it. If your language can only use active verbs and has some other way to emphasize the idea, you may want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I will build you up again. Remember this: I will build you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
31:4 bt11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. However, “virgin” makes a person think about a young woman who has never married and so has never had the opportunity to be faithless to her husband. Therefore, calling Israel a virgin is an ironic use of language. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:13](../18/13.md). Alternate translation: “Israel, who falsely pretends to be fully devoted to me” or “my faithless people Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
|
||
31:4 v1aw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown 0 musical instruments with heads like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||
31:7 n6rl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe 0 Yahweh is speaking in an apostrophe to all people of the world, so these verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
|
||
31:7 g2zs 0 “the most important people group of all the nations” or “the people group that is more important than any other”
|
||
31:7 hu9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Cause everyone to hear your praise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
31:8 tg8t 0 Yahweh continues speaking about how he will bring the Israelite people back from being captives in Babylon.
|
||
31:8 y2x1 0 “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||
31:8 jg4x 0 “to bring the Israelite people”
|
||
31:9 ai7p 0 Yahweh will lead them and they will be praying to Yahweh. Some ancient versions read, “Yahweh will lead them and will comfort them.”
|
||
31:9 v75t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “Ephraim” is another name for “Israel.” Alternate translation: “I will be like a father to the people of Israel, and they will be like my firstborn child” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
31:9 gg9d 0 The firstborn had special honor and responsibility.
|
||
31:10 z57h 0 Yahweh continues speaking about how he will bring the Israelite people back from being captives in Babylon.
|
||
31:10 n8v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns 0 Yahweh is speaking to the nations, so these verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
|
||
31:10 dc3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns 0 Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were someone else, and he speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a helpless woman. Alternate translation: “I caused my people Israel to be scattered among the nations, but now I am bringing them home and keeping them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
31:10 pyt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 A shepherd cares for and protects his sheep, and Yahweh is promising to care for and protect the Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
31:11 t3xt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that it is Yahweh who has rescued the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh has rescued the people of Israel from their enemy who was too strong for them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
31:12 x6vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “on Zion, the high place” or “on Mount Zion.” Being on top of a hill is a metaphor for being happy. If your language associates mountain tops with sadness, it would be best to leave out the metaphor. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
31:12 s2y2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This means they will be strong and healthy, and they will prosper. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
31:12 d4iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 The world “never” is a generalization. The Israelites will almost always feel joy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
31:13 f4jc 0 The abstract nouns “mourning” and “celebration” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to mourn no longer but instead to celebrate” or “I will make it so they are no longer sad but happy”
|
||
31:13 z18g 0 “Yahweh will change”
|
||
31:14 v9rm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “abundance” can be translated as “many good things.” The lives of the priests are spoken of as if they were a field that would become completely wet when much rain falls on it. Life is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “I will give the priests all the good things they would like” or “I will satisfy the priests with good things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
31:14 yp3m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
31:15 gfw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hear a voice in Ramah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
31:15 qr6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Rachel was the wife of Jacob/Israel and was the mother of the tribes of Joseph and Benjamin. Her name is a metonym for the women of Israel who are crying because the Babylonians have killed their children or taken them away. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
31:15 iel2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “She will not let anyone comfort her, for her children are dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
31:16 sw6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The voice and eyes are spoken of as if they were people whom Rachel needed to keep from moving. Alternate translation: “Stop weeping aloud and stop crying tears” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
31:16 m4pv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 Yahweh is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to Rachel ([Jeremiah 31:15](../31/15.md)), so all instances of “your” and the commands are singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
|
||
31:16 n1bx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 In both instances of this phrase, Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
31:17 v8ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 Yahweh is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to Rachel ([Jeremiah 31:15](../31/15.md)), so all instances of “your” and the commands are singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
|
||
31:18 we7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Ephraim was the ancestor of the largest tribe in Israel. His name is a metonym for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “I have certainly heard the descendants of Ephraim sorrowing” or “I have certainly heard the people of Israel sorrowing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
31:18 mfd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 The speaker repeats the phrase to show either that Yahweh punished him severely or that Ephraim learned what Yahweh wanted to teach him through punishing him. The words “I have been punished” can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You punished me. Yes, you punished me severely” or “You punished me, and I learned from you when you punished me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
31:18 s9qf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 When people train calves, they strike them and otherwise cause them to suffer. Yahweh had caused the people of Israel to suffer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
31:18 pay9 0 Another possible meaning is “disciplined.”
|
||
31:19 ip4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 in grief. If people use a different phrase or action in your language to show that they are very sad, you may want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I rubbed my brow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
31:19 p5xj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “ashamed” and “humiliated” mean basically the same thing and intensify the idea of shame. Alternate translation: “I was completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
31:20 lm82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh is speaking tenderly, trying to comfort the people. These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Ephraim is my precious child. He is my dear, delightful son. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
31:20 y1a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
31:21 tws6 0 God continues to speak from verse 7.
|
||
31:21 t8m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns 0 These commands and instances of “yourself” and “your” and “you” are addressed to “virgin Israel” and so are singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
|
||
31:21 kbs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 God is referring to a changed Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
31:22 w4vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh is telling his people that he is becoming impatient with them because they are not obeying him. Alternate translation: “Do not hesitate to start obeying me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
31:22 ix8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) be unable to decide what to do or (2) often go off the correct path, a metaphor for disobeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
31:22 gt15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Possible meanings are (1) the people will be so safe that women will not need anyone to protect them or (2) this is an idiom for something no one would ever expect. Alternate translation: “new on earth—something as strange as a woman protecting a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
31:23 i697 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
31:23 glu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Here this refers to the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
31:23 v46w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe 0 Jerusalem is on the top of a hill, and the temple was built at the highest point in Jerusalem. AT; “May Yahweh bless those who live in Jerusalem with Yahweh, where his temple is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
31:23 w9bz 0 Mount Zion, where the temple had stood
|
||
31:24 w96e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The name of the man Judah is a metonym for the land on which his descendants, the people of the tribe of Judah, live, and the cities of Judah are spoken of as if they were the family of the man Judah, all of them living “there,” in the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “it will be as if the land were a house in which Judah lived with his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
31:24 r4wa 0 “and farmers and those who set out with flocks will also live there”
|
||
31:24 ycz6 0 people who take care of sheep and goats
|
||
31:26 fc1y 0 “had refreshed me”
|
||
31:27 nmn8 0 “Pay attention” or “Listen”
|
||
31:27 hzy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will sow” or “there will be a time … when I will sow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
31:27 u22q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
31:27 h4zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the people of Israel and the people of Judah. The house in turn is spoken of as if it were a field in which Yahweh would sow seed, and the people and the animals they raise for food, milk, and skins are spoken of as if they are that seed. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Israel and Judah to become many people with many animals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
31:28 k8da 0 “looked for ways to uproot them”
|
||
31:28 i6nn 0 See how you translated these ideas in [Jeremiah 1:9](../01/09.md).
|
||
31:28 ha61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a house or a food crop. Alternate translation: “in order to make them strong and many” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
31:29 h14f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs 0 These words are a proverb that Jeremiah heard people say when they were complaining that Yahweh was punishing children for the sins of their fathers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
|
||
31:29 cx2i 0 Possible meanings are (1) grapes with too much acid in them or (2) grapes that are not ripe. If grapes are not part of your culture, you may want to use a general word for fruit.
|
||
31:29 ic1b 0 Use the common words in your language for how people’s mouths feel when they eat sour or unripe fruit.
|
||
31:30 uyf9 0 “For each man will die because of his own sins”
|
||
31:30 pl7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs 0 Jeremiah restates the proverb so that it now means people will suffer as a consequence of their own behaviors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
|
||
31:31 tl76 0 “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am going to tell you”
|
||
31:31 kz1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will establish” or “there will be a time … when I will establish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
31:31 wtb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
31:31 d1xu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
31:31 q554 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
31:32 nqk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 as a loving husband would hold the hand of his wife as they walk (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
31:33 j6dq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
31:33 bkt8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
31:33 bf4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh’s law will become a part of them, rather than merely written on stone. Here “heart” represents “emotions” or “mind.” Alternate translation: “My law will be part of their thoughts and emotions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
31:34 qvg2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 This phrase refers to every person, from the least important to the most important. Alternate translation: “every single one of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
31:36 l19t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. Alternate translation: “These permanent things will never vanish … and Israel’s descendants will never stop from forever being a nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
|
||
31:36 rfl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
31:37 z5ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. Alternate translation: “The highest heavens can never be measured, and the earth’s foundation below can never be discovered, and I will never reject all of Israel’s descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
|
||
31:37 yx41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 These phrases refer to the whole of creation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
31:37 ejs7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone can dig all the way down to the earth’s foundation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
31:37 p28t 0 “deepest part.” The “foundation” is the part of a house on which every other part rests.
|
||
31:37 l43y 0 throw away or refuse to take
|
||
31:37 j9cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
31:38 s6ck rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … the city will be rebuilt” or “there will be a time … when the city will be rebuilt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
31:38 nfv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
31:38 g1l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will rebuild the city for me” or “I will have them rebuild the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
31:38 nd1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
31:39 pz74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
31:40 bf2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will set apart the whole valley … for me” or “I will have them make the whole valley … holy for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
31:40 z7hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
31:40 j8yq 0 “made holy”
|
||
31:40 gu9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The city is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone could pull out of the ground or a building that someone could break down. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow anyone to pull up or overthrow the city again” or “No one will tear the city down or destroy it again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
32:intro vcw6 0 # Jeremiah 32 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\nThe king should have listened to the prophet Jeremiah and repented of his sin. Instead, he objected to his message. Yahweh punished him because of this. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n### Israel\nThe term “Israel” is used exclusively in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole in this chapter.
|
||
32:1 xs6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:2](../01/02.md) Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
32:1 mul1 0 “after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than nine years and Nebuchadnezzar had been king for more than seventeen years”
|
||
32:2 nkx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they were keeping Jeremiah as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
32:2 fp96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
32:2 ke5d 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners.
|
||
32:3 ih69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Zedekiah do this. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
32:3 p2a2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Here “him” refers to Jeremiah. It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
32:3 x9qt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Zekekiah uses a question to rebuke Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “It is wrong for you to continue prophesying and saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
32:3 sd28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that one person could give to another. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I am about to put this city under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I am about to allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
32:3 r41w 0 It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people would help the king of Babylon take control of the city.
|
||
32:4 ymp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will certainly put him under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
32:4 jf8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “mouth” and “eyes” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “Zedekiah himself will see and directly speak with Nebuchadnezzar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
32:5 h4hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
32:5 q8rv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 Here “you” is plural and refers to the people in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||
32:6 bkt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
32:6 js77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘Look” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘Look” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
32:7 d1sv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations 0 The long quotation that begins with the words “The word of Yahweh” in verse 6 ends here. You may translate this as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah said that the word of Yahweh had come to him and told him that Hanamel son of Shallum his uncle was coming to him and would tell him to buy his uncle’s field that was in Anathoth for himself, for the right to buy it belonged to Jeremiah.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||
32:7 z5u4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
32:7 ane1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
32:8 j42b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Jeremiah continues speaking, but he begins to speak of himself in first person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
32:8 t71a 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
|
||
32:9 f1zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney 0 A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “17 shekels” or “187 grams” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
32:10 i97w 0 Jeremiah continues speaking.
|
||
32:10 yj4l 0 This refers to the deed that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm that Jeremiah had purchased this land.
|
||
32:10 mbq3 0 “had people watch me purchase the land so they could tell others that I had purchased the land”
|
||
32:11 npr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I sealed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
32:11 sh86 0 “opened copy” or “the deed that did not have a seal on it”
|
||
32:12 ta8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
32:12 f3bq 0 The open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
|
||
32:13 fq7l 0 Jeremiah continues speaking.
|
||
32:13 i63i 0 Here “them” refers to Hanamel, the witnesses, and the Judeans.
|
||
32:14 la2y 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
32:15 g6gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel will buy houses, vineyards and fields again in this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
32:16 m2ju 0 Jeremiah continues speaking. He begins a long prayer, a lament with a long introduction of praise.
|
||
32:16 puz1 0 This means the sealed scroll and the unsealed scroll.
|
||
32:17 xs6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 The word “woe” here indicates that in this prayer Jeremiah is sad, complaining or lamenting. The word “look” here indicates that the next words are an introduction or background for the most important part of the prayer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||
32:17 r8xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the words “your great strength” and “your raised arm” form a doublet. Alternate translation: “by your great power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
32:18 zsm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “You are faithful to your covenant towards thousands” or “You keep your promise and faithfully love thousands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
32:18 cd54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “guilt” is a metonym for Yahweh punishing people because they are guilty of doing evil things. Yahweh punishing people is spoken of as if he were pouring a large container full of liquid or small objects into people’s laps as they sit. Alternate translation: “you punish children for the sins of their parents” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
32:19 z67p 0 Jeremiah continues praying the introduction to his lament to Yahweh.
|
||
32:19 zh7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Open eyes are a metonym for what the person sees. How a person lives is spoken of as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “You see everything that people do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
32:19 jhc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract nouns “conduct” and “deeds,” which are similar in meaning, can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and will reward everyone according to how good or evil the things they do are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
32:20 ff83 0 This refers to an event in the past when God used his power to free the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt.
|
||
32:20 txa5 0 “To this day”
|
||
32:20 v54d 0 “among all people”
|
||
32:20 nuz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “name” refers to God’s reputation. Alternate translation: “you have made yourself famous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
32:21 yz8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The phrase “strong hand” is a metonym for strength, and the phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the phrases “strong hand” and “raised arm” form a doublet. Alternate translation: “by your great strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
32:22 gd9s 0 Jeremiah continues praying to Yahweh. He ends the introduction to his lament (“Woe,” [Jeremiah 32:17](../32/17.md)) with the words “took possession of it” and begins the lament with “but they did not obey.”
|
||
32:22 zm76 0 “gave the people of Israel”
|
||
32:22 m6c3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 11:5](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
32:23 j41s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The voice is a metonym for the message the speaker gives. Alternate translation: “But they did not obey what you said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
32:24 h8z8 0 Jeremiah continues praying to Yahweh.
|
||
32:24 r8nr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The large piles of dirt and rocks that the enemy built around the city so they could stand on them and attack it are spoken of as if they were the attackers themselves reaching out to capture the city. Alternate translation: “The enemy’s seige mounds are so close to the city that the enemy will be able to capture the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
32:24 y1cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for war, where soldiers use swords. Alternate translation: “because soldiers will attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
32:24 b3n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 These abstract nouns can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people have no food to eat, and everyone is weak from being ill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
32:24 p2wr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have given Jerusalem to the Chaldean army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
32:24 l673 0 “happening, as you can see very well”
|
||
32:25 v7a7 0 “have people watch you purchase the land so they can tell others that you have purchased the land”
|
||
32:25 fl8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am giving this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
32:26 m8wk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
32:26 m9gx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
32:27 v6cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can do anything. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Nothing is too difficult for me to do.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
32:28 dcf6 0 “Listen carefully! I am the one who will give”
|
||
32:28 fb9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that he could put into a person’s hand. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand puts into action. Alternate translation: “put this city under the power of the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
32:29 w46s 0 Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
|
||
32:29 s7dq 0 “so that I would become very angry”
|
||
32:30 r5j3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the metonym “eyes” represents what God sees. Possible meanings are (1) “doing what I consider evil” or (2) “doing evil knowing that I am watching” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
32:30 e1kb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A person being young is a metaphor for the people of Israel first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from the time they were young” or “from the time that they became a nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
32:30 qwp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
32:31 fxx2 0 Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
|
||
32:31 u2mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “city” is a metonym for the people that live there. The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem have made me very angry since the day they built their city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
32:31 bcj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “provocation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “has been something that has provoked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
32:31 v1l3 0 “They continue to make me angry even now”
|
||
32:31 hn3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The face is a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “from my presence” or “completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
32:33 l9le 0 Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about what the people of Israel had done.
|
||
32:33 tx7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 One turns one’s face to someone to show that one is listening, and one’s back to show that one refuses to listen. Alternate translation: “Instead of listening carefully to me, they refused to listen at all” or “They refused to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
32:33 lg6f 0 “to learn how to act correctly”
|
||
32:34 k9ry 0 “their idols which I hate”
|
||
32:34 jn46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 Here “name” represents Yahweh. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
32:35 cau1 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:31](../07/31.md).
|
||
32:35 x89j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “I never thought at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
32:36 y1ua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 Here “you” is plural. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to Jeremiah and those with him, or (2) it refers to all the people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||
32:36 ag2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the king of Babylon” or “Yahweh has given the king of Babylon the power to rule it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
32:37 j7yh 0 “to gather my people”
|
||
32:37 d9i7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 All three words mean the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “extreme anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
32:37 h1sp 0 “where they are safe”
|
||
32:38 a4rn 0 Yahweh continues speaking.
|
||
32:39 q5cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The people of Israel will want to work together to honor Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
32:40 f7yh 0 “eternal agreement”
|
||
32:40 xt5h 0 “stop doing good”
|
||
32:40 w44d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Honor is spoken of as if it were a solid object put in a container from which no one can remove it. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to always honor me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
32:40 r8jy 0 “so that they will never stop obeying and worshiping me”
|
||
32:41 f6dv 0 Yahweh continues speaking.
|
||
32:41 diu3 0 Here “them” refers to the people of Israel.
|
||
32:41 rwm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of having his people live in the land forever as if he were planting plants in a garden. Alternate translation: “I will permanently settle the Israelites in this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
32:41 j5ie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 Together, these two phrases form an idiomatic expression that refers to a person’s entire being. Alternate translation: “with all that I am” or “wholeheartedly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
32:42 sj3m 0 “I have caused all these bad things to happen to this people, and now I will cause the good things to happen to them”
|
||
32:43 qct6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then people will buy fields in this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
32:43 s9q4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 Here “you” refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||
32:43 mhj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” is a metonym for power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the Chaldeans” or “Yahweh has given the Chaldeans power over it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
32:44 ytf6 0 The “sealed scrolls” are the deeds that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm the purchase.
|
||
32:44 tg5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
33:intro vtz5 0 # Jeremiah 33 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Covenant faithfulness\nDespite the great punishment Judah is facing and Israel has undergone, there is hope. This hope is based in the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh. Ultimately, he will restore his people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
|
||
33:1 zhp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
|
||
33:1 rj9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah a second time, while Jeremiah was … guard. He said,” or “While Jeremiah was … guard, Yahweh spoke this second message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
33:1 wa3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
33:1 k2z4 0 “he was still a prisoner in”
|
||
33:1 fe41 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
|
||
33:2 hz5q 0 who creates things so he can make them exist forever
|
||
33:4 g9p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) the people tore the houses down to make walls to defend against the Chaldeans. Alternate translation: “that the people have torn down to defend against the siege ramps and the sword” or (2) Alternate translation: “the houses that the Chaldeans have torn down to make siege ramps so they can make war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
33:4 u2ec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This is a metonym for people dying violently when soldiers kill with swords. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
33:5 lp8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “in my extreme wrath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
33:5 czm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Yahweh is represented by his “face.” This phrase shows Yahweh’s displeasure with the city. Alternate translation: “I have turned away from you” or “I am no longer concerned with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
33:7 z3sl 0 “I will cause things to go well for Judah and Israel again” or “I will cause Judah and Israel to live well again.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
|
||
33:9 l5i7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The city is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “the people who live in this city … do for the people who live there … give to the people who live there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
33:9 t8ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “song” is a metonym for the object about which people will sing the song. Alternate translation: “something about which all the people groups of the earth will sing songs of praise and honor to me, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
33:9 l75s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys 0 The hendiadys “fear and tremble” can be translated by a single verb. Alternate translation: “they will tremble with fear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
|
||
33:9 i3fz 0 Another possible meaning is “awe.”
|
||
33:9 vmq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “peace” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “because of all the good things that I will give to it and because I will cause it to be peaceful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
33:10 k7wb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Judah has become desolate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
33:11 gf2i 0 the temple in Jerusalem
|
||
33:11 pi42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “land” is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Alternate translation: “I will again cause things to go well for the people who live on the land” or “I will cause the people who live on the land to live well again” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
33:11 cg2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to the time before the exile to Babylon. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “to what they were before I sent the Israelites into exile in Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
33:12 aqm5 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
33:13 w446 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his hand. Alternate translation: “shepherds will again count their sheep as the sheep walk by” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
33:14 z61y 0 “Listen carefully”
|
||
33:14 rc5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “Days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “In the future … I will do” or “There will be a time … when I will do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
33:14 jj5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
33:14 ed3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
33:14 r2n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
33:14 fsd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This is a metonym for the people who live in Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
33:15 y4wd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The phrase “in that time” means the same thing as, and intensifies the phrase “In those days.” Alternate translation: “In those very days” or “At that very time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
33:15 hd8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of a descendant of David as if he were a branch off of a tree trunk. Alternate translation: “I will cause a righteous man to come from and bring glory to the line of David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
33:15 c2sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 the nation of Israel (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
33:16 yng7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 These towns’ names are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah … the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
33:16 sr7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will save Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
33:16 q5ei 0 “the people of Judah will be safe from their enemies”
|
||
33:16 x44h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the town were a woman. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “this is what they will call her” or “this is what I will call the town” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
33:17 lnb8 0 “There will always be a man from David’s line”
|
||
33:17 d7da 0 a male descendant of King David
|
||
33:17 pqu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The throne is a metonym for the king. Alternate translation: “to be king over the house of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
33:17 eml3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
33:18 g9nx 0 “and there will always be a man from the Levitical priests to raise burnt offerings”
|
||
33:18 i89e 0 “offer burnt offerings”
|
||
33:19 w4dw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
33:19 j1gw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
33:20 s39s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh is speaking of himself here. Alternate translation: “I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
33:20 f1mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 These words begin a hypothetical statement that describe a situation that will never occur. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
|
||
33:21 u6sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If you can break my covenant … times,” in verse 20 ends here. No one can change day and night, and no one can change God’s covenant with David. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot break my covenant … times, so you know that you will never be able to break my covenant with David my servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
|
||
33:21 x13t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The throne is a metonym for the king who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “to rule the kingdom I have given to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
33:22 xip8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 No one can count the stars in the sky or the sand on the seashore, and no one will be able to count the descendants of David and Levi who serve Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
33:23 ufu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
33:23 liq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
33:24 wv8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh wants Jeremiah to think deeply about what the people have said. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have noticed what this people are really saying when they said, ‘The … them.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
33:24 k7ki 0 “What they are really saying is that my people are worthless and that my people will never again be a nation.”
|
||
33:24 yua9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Sight is a metonym for thinking. Alternate translation: “they no longer think of my people as a nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
33:25 j74f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 This is the beginning of a hypothetical statement that describes a situation that Yahweh never expects to be true.(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
|
||
33:26 x6zy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If I have not established the covenant” in verse 25 ends here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
|
||
33:26 w9mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If I have not established the covenant” in verse 25 ends here. This is a situation that Yahweh never expects to be true. Alternate translation: “I have established the covenant … so I will never reject … and I will bring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
|
||
33:26 z156 0 “I will cause things to go well for them again” or “I will cause them to live well again” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
|
||
33:26 e4m9 0 Translate as “have compassion on” is translated in ([Jeremiah 30:18](../30/18.md)).
|
||
34:intro vkt9 0 # Jeremiah 34 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n### Law of Moses\nAccording to the law of Moses, the people were required to free their indebted slaves after a period of time. The king led them in freeing their fellow Israelites whom they held as slaves, but later they changed their minds and enslaved them again. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Actions with cultural meaning\n\nWhen the people of Israel made a sacred promise to God, they cut a calf in two and passed between its parts. It was a very serious sin not to do what one had promised. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
34:1 z8xz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom “The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah when Nebuchadnezzar … her cities. He said,” or “When Nebuchadnezzar … her cities, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
34:1 d4fn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name in this chapter. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
34:1 p1vd 0 “fighting”
|
||
34:1 qc7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers to all the towns around Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
34:2 g3l2 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:28](../32/28.md)
|
||
34:2 b3et rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “under the control of the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
34:3 x3cf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “You will not escape from his control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
34:3 w4mj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians will certainly seize you and give you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
34:4 uht1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “sword” is a metonym for dying in war. Alternate translation: “You will not die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
34:5 xn8v 0 The people would burn spices in honor of people who had recently died. They did not burn the dead people’s bodies.
|
||
34:5 x2la rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
34:7 lw71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
34:7 r9p7 0 “the only fortified cities of Judah that the Babylonians had not yet captured”
|
||
34:8 r2u9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. However, the actual message does not begin until [Jeremiah 34:12](./12.md). See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
34:8 pb27 0 message
|
||
34:8 us2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 These words begin to provide background information to events that will be described later. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||
34:9 ka4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 The background information that begins with the words “after King Zedekiah had made a covenant” in verse 8 ends here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||
34:10 l3j5 0 Jeremiah continues giving the background information that began in [Jeremiah 34:8](../34/08.md).
|
||
34:12 jbq2 0 Jeremiah resumes the story from [Jeremiah 34:8](../34/08.md) after the background information of [Jeremiah 34:8](../34/08.md)-[Jeremiah 11](./10.md).
|
||
34:12 pf6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Yahweh” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah: ‘Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
34:13 b8wy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. “place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
34:14 x834 0 “each of you must free any fellow Hebrews who sold themselves to you and have been your slaves”
|
||
34:14 jnm6 0 “You must let them be free from serving you”
|
||
34:14 gs8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 To incline the ear, to lean the head toward the speaker so as to hear better, is a metonym for paying attention to what the speaker is saying. Alternate translation: “did not … pay attention to what I said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
34:15 ryr7 0 Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
|
||
34:15 re32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Eyes” here is a metonym for someone’s opinion or idea. Alternate translation: “what I consider to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
34:15 x4yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
34:16 r5d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 A person’s name is a metonym for what people think of him. Alternate translation: “stopped doing what was right and did evil things that have made people think that I am evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
34:17 n7sg 0 “Listen!” or “Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you!”
|
||
34:17 b72s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony 0 Jeremiah uses irony to say that the “freedom” the people will enjoy will actually be suffering. Alternate translation: “I will proclaim misery to you … misery from the sword, the plague, and famine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
|
||
34:17 h19u 0 “proclaim that you are free”
|
||
34:17 n2mw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
34:17 vx6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This is a metonym for soldiers who carry swords. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers to kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
34:17 eyz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “sight” represents judgment or evaluation. The word “kingdom” is a metonym for the people who live in the kingdom. Alternate translation: “I am going to make the people in every kingdom on earth think that you are horrible” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
34:18 r9sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 These words begin to describe how the people established the covenant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||
34:18 cec2 0 “agreed to with me” or “established while I was watching”
|
||
34:19 lhx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 The description of how the people established the covenant that began with the words “when they cut” in verse 18 ends here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||
34:20 xu7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “hand” here is a metonym for the power or control that the enemies will exercise using their hands. AT; “I will allow their enemies to have complete control over them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
34:20 gan7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a polite way to say that they wanted to kill them. Alternate translation: “seeking to kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
34:20 sjp1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “hands” represents control. Alternate translation: “to be conquered by their enemies” or “over to the control of their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
34:21 wl9t 0 “come to fight”
|
||
34:22 ug2t 0 bring the Babylonian armies
|
||
35:intro jt1x 0 # Jeremiah 35 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The Rechabites\n\nThe actions of the Rechabites contrasted with the actions of the Jews. The Rechabites obeyed the commands their ancestor had give while living in Canaan, but Judah did not obey Yahweh’s commands. Because the Rechabites were obedient, Yahweh preserved their clan. The Rechabites’ history is found in the book of Judges.
|
||
35:1 pt2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in the days … of Judah. He said,” or “In the days … of Judah, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
35:1 x1f1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
35:2 t4d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
35:2 dr1g 0 the temple
|
||
35:3 c47f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
35:4 kb1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
35:5 lxe8 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 35:2](../35/02.md).
|
||
35:6 plf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
35:7 ah95 0 “live many years in the land.” “Days” refers to the span of time.
|
||
35:8 ki9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “voice” is a metonym for the command that Jonadab spoke. Alternate translation: “the command of Jonadab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
35:8 zh8r 0 “as long as we live.” “Days” refers to the span of time.
|
||
35:12 icr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Yahweh” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah: ‘Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
35:12 lq6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
35:13 ba4f 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
35:13 z2wy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh is telling Israel to listen carefully to his rebuke. Alternate translation: “You must certainly receive this correction and listen to my words.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
35:13 s8s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
35:14 k1yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The sons of Jonadab son of Rekab have observed their father’s command to not drink wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
35:14 mr7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
35:15 k88i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Walking after a god is a metaphor for obeying the laws of that god. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
35:17 xqh5 0 This word tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows.
|
||
35:18 a9b9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
35:18 ijd5 0 This is the name of the people group. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 35:2](../35/02.md).
|
||
35:18 i21g 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
35:18 nqf5 0 a man’s name. See how you translated it in [Jeremiah 35:5](../35/05.md).
|
||
35:19 ehq6 0 These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Jeremiah 35:5](../35/05.md).
|
||
36:intro f643 0 # Jeremiah 36 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Opposition to Jeremiah\n\nJeremiah wrote God’s prophesies on a scroll but the king burned it. It is possible that this action was intended to be understood as representing the definitiveness of these prophecies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
|
||
36:1 w23y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
|
||
36:1 a3lh 0 “It happened.” This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
|
||
36:1 v3ak rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 Jehoiakim had been king of Judah for more than three years. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 25:1](../25/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
36:1 tg7j 0 The phrase “this word” refers to the message that follows.
|
||
36:1 dr12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
36:1 knl3 0 “Yahweh said”
|
||
36:2 wmr2 0 “all of the nations”
|
||
36:2 ym8v 0 “I have told you from”
|
||
36:2 k9kn 0 “from the time Josiah was king until today”
|
||
36:3 iuw6 0 “It is possible that the people”
|
||
36:3 vkj1 0 “to cause to happen to them”
|
||
36:3 yk1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
36:3 s9uw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The words “iniquity” and “sin” are metonyms for the persons who commit iniquity and sin. Alternate translation: “forgive them for their iniquity and their sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
36:4 ff7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I called … at my dictation … to me … I gave … I said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
36:4 d5mh 0 “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote in a scroll all of Yahweh’s words that Yahweh had spoken to Jeremiah”
|
||
36:5 l4t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I called … at my dictation … to me … I gave … I said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
36:6 j3tt 0 “read out loud from the scroll” or “proclaim from the scroll”
|
||
36:6 e6rd 0 “must read out loud” or “must proclaim”
|
||
36:6 y6ch 0 “so that the people in Yahweh’s house can hear them.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
|
||
36:6 ywi1 0 “so all the people of Judah who have come from their cities can hear them.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
|
||
36:7 z1n2 0 Jeremiah continues to give instructions to Baruch.
|
||
36:7 jiw4 0 “It is possible that their pleas”
|
||
36:7 a6dv 0 “Yahweh will hear them plead for mercy and do as they ask”
|
||
36:7 xtz1 0 The word “their” refers to the people in the house of Yahweh and the people of Judah who had come to the house of Yahweh from their cities.
|
||
36:7 kqx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 18:11](../18/11.md). Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
36:7 p71z 0 “the anger and rage”
|
||
36:9 tvk8 0 See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 36:1](../36/01.md).
|
||
36:9 fa5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths 0 This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. “after Jehoiakim … had been king of Judah for more than four years, during the ninth month” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
36:9 mf4x 0 See how you translated this phrase in [Jeremiah 25:1](../25/01.md).
|
||
36:9 ywy2 0 “told everyone that they were going to fast”
|
||
36:10 v96d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
36:10 g1m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
36:10 t8dv 0 “who was a scribe”
|
||
36:10 x7c1 0 “in the entrance of the new gate of the house of Yahweh”
|
||
36:10 hp8u 0 He read aloud Jeremiah’s words.
|
||
36:10 snx3 0 “where all the people could hear him.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
|
||
36:11 f91c 0 Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
|
||
36:11 wey5 0 “Micaiah who was the son of Gemariah, who was the son of Shaphan”
|
||
36:11 sn4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
36:11 v211 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:10](../36/10.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
36:12 kl3c 0 “Pay attention to what I am going to say”
|
||
36:12 v5np rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
36:12 z6c7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 26:20](../26/20.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
36:12 tbc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 26:22](../26/22.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
36:12 f6nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
36:12 b566 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 28:1](../28/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
36:12 f2b4 0 “all of the other officials”
|
||
36:13 c2d3 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:11](../36/11.md).
|
||
36:13 q1an 0 The word “them” refers to officials in [Jeremiah 36:12](../36/12.md).
|
||
36:13 xx8s 0 “so that the people could hear” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
|
||
36:14 u57c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
36:15 u4gb 0 “so we can hear you read it” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
|
||
36:15 td5p 0 “read the scroll aloud”
|
||
36:16 p6rk 0 This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
|
||
36:16 vym2 0 The word “they” refers to the officials.
|
||
36:16 n53p 0 the words that Baruch read aloud from the scroll
|
||
36:17 ipi7 0 “how did you write”
|
||
36:17 p4vi 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md).
|
||
36:18 s4kx 0 Jeremiah spoke out loud so that Baruch could write down his words.
|
||
36:18 pqp3 0 “used ink to write them”
|
||
36:18 is54 0 a dark liquid that is used for writing
|
||
36:19 zge9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 You may need to make this a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah should hide himself, too” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
36:19 kih8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 The word “you” refers to Baruch and Jeremiah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||
36:20 ddc1 0 “Then the officials”
|
||
36:20 x5gj 0 “put the scroll in the room of Elishama so it would be safe”
|
||
36:20 b16g 0 See how you translated “Elishama the scribe” in [Jeremiah 36:12](../36/12.md).
|
||
36:20 nlt3 0 “where the king could hear him” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 2:2](../02/02.md).
|
||
36:21 rz17 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md).
|
||
36:22 xeh7 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Jeremiah starts to tell a new part of the story.
|
||
36:22 nd2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths 0 This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. This is at the end of the sowing season and the beginning of the cold season. It is during the last part November and the first part of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
36:22 zw8h 0 “the brazier was in front of him with a blazing fire”
|
||
36:22 tf4p 0 a fireplace that people can move
|
||
36:23 sz7v 0 This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
|
||
36:23 z4cg 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md).
|
||
36:23 l2gf 0 these are columns of words on the scroll
|
||
36:23 ip73 0 “would cut that part of the scroll off”
|
||
36:23 gbu3 0 “using a scribe’s knife” or “using the kind of knife that scribes use”
|
||
36:23 ar14 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 36:22](../36/22.md).
|
||
36:23 vjz5 0 “until the scroll was completely gone”
|
||
36:24 s3et 0 the words from the scroll that Baruch wrote as Jeremiah dictated
|
||
36:24 bgq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 People tore their cloths when they were extremely sad. Alternate translation: “nor did they mourn by tearing their clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
36:25 ts8f 0 See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 36:12](../36/12.md).
|
||
36:25 km58 0 “pleaded with the king”
|
||
36:26 vne7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
36:26 uyd9 0 “a relative of the king”
|
||
36:26 d67a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
36:27 h7zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “The word of Yahweh came” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah after … dictation. He said,” or “After … dictation, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
36:27 i9hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
36:27 ksc8 0 See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md).
|
||
36:28 x9ye 0 “Take another scroll for yourself again”
|
||
36:28 m6mh 0 “the first scroll”
|
||
36:29 bf3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Jehoiakim uses this question to emphasize that Jeremiah should not have written that the king of Babylon would come and attack. Alternate translation: “You should not have written … beast in it!” or “You were wrong to write … beast in it’!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
36:29 ngk4 0 “and he will destroy”
|
||
36:30 pl99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. See how you translated “sits on the throne of David” in [Jeremiah 29:16](../29/16.md). Alternate translation: “will ever rule the Israelites as David did” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
36:30 d7yi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will throw your dead body outside” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
36:30 n16b 0 “your dead body”
|
||
36:30 jp3b 0 “so that it is exposed to the dry heat of the daytime”
|
||
36:30 ws5c 0 ice that forms on grass during cold nights
|
||
36:31 bvh4 0 “of all of you”
|
||
36:32 k5z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Jeremiah speaks of himself by name for reasons that are not clear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
36:32 k1wh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “dictation” can be translated as a verb. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 36:4](../36/04.md). Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote on it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
36:32 b4kt 0 “that Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire”
|
||
36:32 mev6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Furthermore, Jeremiah and Baruch added to this scroll many more words which were similar to the words that had been in the first scroll” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
37:intro du3z 0 # Jeremiah 37 General Notes\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Ironic situation\n\nJeremiah was thrown into prison and beaten for prophesying the word of God. Then the king asked him, “Is there any word from Yahweh?” This is a type of irony. The king simply did not agree with God’s original word. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]])
|
||
37:1 c5u8 0 The Hebrew text has “Coniah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
|
||
37:2 vt3f 0 “of the land of Judah”
|
||
37:2 j785 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he had Jeremiah the prophet proclaim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
37:2 crn1 0 “Yahweh proclaimed”
|
||
37:2 t2q2 0 Jeremiah refers to himself by name for reasons that are not clear.
|
||
37:3 hw6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
37:3 ynt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
37:3 f9qq 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 21:1](../21/01.md).
|
||
37:3 r1ds 0 “for us” or “for our sake.” The word “our” refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah.
|
||
37:4 u9nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. The narrator tells background information about what Jeremiah had been doing before Zedekiah sent the message. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||
37:4 qa7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “coming and going” is an idiom that means he was free to move about. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah was able to go wherever he wanted with everybody else” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
37:4 j14u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “because no one had put him in prison” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
37:5 m95i 0 “had set out”
|
||
37:5 b9va 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
|
||
37:6 p84n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah the prophet. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah the prophet:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
37:7 y24f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 The word “you” refers to the two men that king Zedekiah had sent to Jeremiah, Jehukal son of Shelemiah, and Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||
37:7 wic9 0 The word “me” refers to Yahweh.
|
||
37:7 g9p8 0 “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||
37:8 xgj8 0 Compare how you translated “to wage war against it and take it, and to burn it” in [Jeremiah 34:22](../34/22.md).
|
||
37:9 egq8 0 The word “yourselves” refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah.
|
||
37:9 ppa5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The people of Judah think that they will be safe because the Chaldeans had left. Alternate translation: “Surely we are safe because the Chaldeans are leaving us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
37:10 w4f5 0 “the wounded men would get up”
|
||
37:11 gsm7 0 “It came about that.” This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
|
||
37:12 n9nx 0 “a piece of land” or “some land”
|
||
37:12 kr6j 0 “among his relatives.” Jeremiah was from the town of Anathoth in the land of Benjamin ([Jeremiah 1:1](../01/01.md)).
|
||
37:13 pfg7 0 This is the name of the gate.
|
||
37:13 t5gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
37:13 w2f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:14](../36/14.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
37:13 az9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 28:1](../28/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
37:13 uez4 0 escaping trouble and leaving people who need help
|
||
37:14 asx2 0 This means escaping trouble and leaving people who need help.
|
||
37:14 nwr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 37:13](../37/13.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
37:14 q1jq 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:18](../01/18.md).
|
||
37:15 s5cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “Jonathan, who was a scribe.” This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
37:16 c2h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the officials put Jeremiah into a room that was under the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
37:17 h6f8 0 “brought Jeremiah”
|
||
37:17 x17c 0 the palace of King Zedekiah
|
||
37:17 s43j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 32:4](../32/04.md). Alternate translation: “I will certainly put you under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
37:18 lu1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that he has not done anything wrong. Alternate translation: “I have not done anything wrong to you … prison.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
37:18 hq9m 0 the people of the kingdom of Judah
|
||
37:18 a64h 0 “have put”
|
||
37:19 utn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that the other prophets were lying but that he had done nothing wrong because he had told the truth. Alternate translation: “Your prophets who prophesied … against this land were obviously wrong, but now it is clear that I was telling you the truth.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
37:19 tq67 0 The word “your” refers to King Zedekiah and the other people of the kingdom of Judah.
|
||
37:19 gp83 0 “will not attack you or attack this land”
|
||
37:20 a8fv 0 “Hear me plead for mercy and do as I ask.” See how you translated “their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh” in [Jeremiah 36:7](../36/07.md).
|
||
37:20 e2hq 0 “the house of Jonathan, who is a scribe.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:15](../37/15.md).
|
||
37:21 pss2 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
|
||
37:21 s566 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “His servants also gave Jeremiah a loaf of bread” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
37:21 v6xa 0 “from the street where the bakers worked”
|
||
38:intro eu3f 0 # Jeremiah 38 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Surrender and live\n\nIf the king obeyed God and surrendered to the Babylonians, he would be allowed to live and the city would not be burned. But if he refused, he would be captured and the city burned. This took faith that Yahweh was using this ungodly, Gentile nation. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
|
||
38:1 gl7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 men’s names (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
38:2 p2xn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Anyone staying in this city will die by sword, famine, and plague” or “I will kill anyone staying in this city with sword, famine, and plague” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
38:2 izt9 0 The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape alive, even though he will lose all his possessions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:9](../21/09.md).
|
||
38:3 f89i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will allow the army of the king of Babylon to conquer Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
38:3 u8f5 0 The reader should understand that others will help the king of Babylon capture the city. “his army will capture it”
|
||
38:4 s9za 0 “Order someone to kill this man”
|
||
38:4 l3h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Weak hands are a metonym for a person who is afraid. Alternate translation: “he is causing the soldiers and all the people in the city to lose courage” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
38:4 lzh8 0 “for Jeremiah is not working to help this people be safe, but he is working for bad things to happen to this people”
|
||
38:5 xr6q 0 “Listen carefully”
|
||
38:5 a92p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand has. Alternate translation: “you are able do whatever you want with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
38:6 z9f6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 They literally “lowered Jeremiah down on ropes,” but the word “threw” is an exaggeration to say that they treated him roughly. Your language may have another way of saying this. Alternate translation: “they … roughly pushed him into the cistern” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
38:6 b4bv 0 a deep hole in the ground where people collect and store rain water
|
||
38:6 rb8h 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
|
||
38:6 y2m2 0 This tells how “they threw him into the cistern.”
|
||
38:7 jqm6 0 The word “now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
|
||
38:7 uc4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man from Cush. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
38:7 lix8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 Here the word “now” marks a break in the main story line where the narrator tells background information about what the king was doing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||
38:7 kfm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 King Zedekiah was probably hearing and judging legal cases. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
38:7 tch5 0 This is an entrance into the city of Jerusalem that people named after Benjamin, Jacob’s son.
|
||
38:10 ex3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “30 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
38:11 d1k2 0 “used ropes to lower them down”
|
||
38:12 xa9e 0 “between your arms and the ropes”
|
||
38:13 s46y 0 Here the word “they” refers to some of the thirty men who were with Ebed-Melech.
|
||
38:13 xs87 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
|
||
38:15 vvt7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Jeremiah uses this question to express his belief that the king will kill him if he answers truthfully. Alternate translation: “If I tell you the truth, you will certainly kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
38:16 cjp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 “as surely as Yahweh, the one who made us, is alive.” This is a way of making a solemn promise. The king says it to emphasize that what he is about to say next is true. See how you translated “As Yahweh lives” in [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear by Yahweh, the one who made us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
38:16 yv2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “hand” refers to the men’s control or power. Alternate translation: “I will not … allow those men to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
38:16 q87t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in [Jeremiah 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
38:17 p9k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The name of the people group is metonym for the people of that group. Alternate translation: “God of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
38:17 kku6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonian army will not burn this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
38:18 gja5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 38:2](../38/02.md). Alternate translation: “I will allow the Chaldeans to conquer this city” or “I will allow the Chaldeans to do whatever they want with this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
38:18 fbz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “you will not escape from their power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
38:19 m4jz 0 escaped trouble and left people who needed help. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:13](../37/13.md).
|
||
38:19 i4pf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Chaldeans might put me under the control of the people of Judah who have deserted” or “the Chaldeans might allow the people of Judah who have deserted to do whatever they want with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
38:19 r1ze 0 Here the word “them” refers to the people of Judah who have deserted.
|
||
38:20 x9uy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 “The Chaldeans will not give you over to the Judeans.” Here “you” refers to Zedekiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||
38:21 b1pi 0 Here the word “this” refers to what Jeremiah will say next.
|
||
38:22 a91b 0 Jeremiah continues speaking with King Zedekiah.
|
||
38:22 z6cx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 The reader should understand that the officials will take these women as slaves. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will bring all the women who are left … out to the officials of the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
38:22 ndr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your friends have deceived you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
38:22 jgf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The king is now helpless. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
38:23 dti7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 The reader should understand that the officials will take these people as slaves. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will bring your wives and children out to the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
38:23 k3p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “will not escape from their power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
38:23 x21i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. The reader should probably understand that many people will help the king do this. Alternate translation: “The army of the king of Babylon will capture you and will burn the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
38:26 l1fb 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 37:15](../37/15.md).
|
||
38:27 e9tl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “conversation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “what Jeremiah and the king said to each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
38:28 kaj5 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
|
||
38:28 l5rj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the day that the Babylonian army captured Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
39:intro i9ad 0 # Jeremiah 39 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe prophesied destruction of Jerusalem is over and the actual conquering of the Promised Land by Babylon begins in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
|
||
39:1 bc1u 0 “came to attack Jerusalem”
|
||
39:1 dap3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths 0 This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for eight years, in the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “In the tenth month of the ninth year that Zedekiah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
|
||
39:1 yh1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]
|
||
39:2 v5d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths 0 This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than ten years, in the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The eleventh day is near the beginning of July on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “On the ninth day of the fourth month of the eleventh year that Zedekiah was king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
|
||
39:2 ph29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]
|
||
39:3 bu4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
39:3 ew2q 0 “in the middle entrance to the city.” It was common for leaders to sit at the gate of the city to discuss important matters.
|
||
39:4 rpl5 0 “They left the city at night going out on a path in the king’s garden”
|
||
39:5 w8c7 0 This is the flat land at the southern end of the valley.
|
||
39:5 uma7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath, which is in Syria. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
39:5 v4xk 0 “followed them and caught”
|
||
39:5 f3u5 0 “decided how to punish him”
|
||
39:6 l5id rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah’s sons. Alternate translation: “forced Zedekiah to watch as the king’s soldiers killed Zedekiah’s sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
39:7 ei9s 0 “the king’s men made Zedekiah blind.” Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah’s eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind.
|
||
39:8 ku9v 0 Zedekiah’s house
|
||
39:8 cbe2 0 the houses that had belonged to the people of Jerusalem
|
||
39:9 sr9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
39:9 qvc3 0 “Nebuchadnezzar’s guards”
|
||
39:9 nt1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 This is probably a generalization. Alternate translation: “the people who were still living in the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
39:10 h3ys rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 The word “nothing” is probably an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “who owned nothing of great value” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
39:13 r536 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 a man’s name (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
39:13 w1xh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 They sent them out to get Jeremiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “sent men out to get Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
39:14 x1ja rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
39:14 k5dx 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
|
||
39:14 uw8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 You may need to make explicit which people the speaker is speaking of. Alternate translation: “among the people who remained in Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
39:15 sbp1 0 This story happened before the events in the first part of the chapter.
|
||
39:15 rz5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 This word is used here to mark a return to the story line, as the narrator tells what Yahweh had said to Jeremiah after Nebuchadnezzar gave the orders about Jeremiah ([Jeremiah 39:12-14](./12.md)). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
|
||
39:15 qm3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah while he was … guard. He said,” or “while Jeremiah was … guard, Yahweh spoke this message to him:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
39:15 g5jx 0 This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:2](../32/02.md).
|
||
39:16 g2jt 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 38:7](../38/07.md).
|
||
39:16 c57h 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
39:16 tg3k 0 “I am bringing disaster, not good, against this city, just as I said I would”
|
||
39:16 pb72 0 “For you will see it all happen on that day”
|
||
39:17 w69c 0 Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
|
||
39:17 d4fl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” refers to power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the men you fear will not harm you” or “I will not allow anyone to put you under the control of the people whom you fear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
39:18 y55h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 The sword is a metonym for dying in war. Alternate translation: “No one will kill you with their sword” or “You will not die in war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
39:18 h19r 0 “alive”
|
||
40:intro rx94 0 # Jeremiah 40 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Peace in Judah\n\nAfter Babylon conquered Jerusalem, this chapter reveals an unfolding peace in the area. Ammon, who was supposed to be Judah’s ally against Babylon, probably sought to distract Babylon from attacking them by ruining the peace in the region of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
40:1 vp76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 32:1](../32/01.md) Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
40:1 nzv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
40:1 w77l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the soldiers were about to take to Babylon as exiles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
40:3 p9na 0 “this disaster”
|
||
40:4 pm8f 0 Nebuzaradan says this to bring Jeremiah’s attention to the present moment.
|
||
40:4 m5yi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Eyes” here is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “it is what you consider to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
40:5 zah3 0 These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md).
|
||
40:5 cw75 0 “among the Judeans”
|
||
40:5 kwh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Eyes” here is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “it is what you consider to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
40:6 v5hd 0 “who stayed in Judah”
|
||
40:7 h3c3 0 This marks a new part of the story.
|
||
40:7 iep2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the enemy soldiers had not sent to Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
40:8 ug21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
40:8 lt8t 0 people from the regions of Netophah and Maakah
|
||
40:9 a2lc 0 “swore to the Judean commanders”
|
||
40:10 y2bg 0 “Listen carefully” or “Pay attention”
|
||
40:10 n6bm 0 “fruit that becomes ripe during the summer”
|
||
40:10 rd9k 0 “you have taken over.” “Occupy” here is a military term. Gedaliah was talking to soldiers ([Jeremiah 40:7](../40/07.md)) who may have conquered or otherwise taken control of cities.
|
||
40:11 pe3x 0 “remnant of the people of Judah”
|
||
40:11 d4gs 0 “had put … in charge of them”
|
||
40:11 gn3r 0 See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md).
|
||
40:11 c3ya 0 “over the people of Judah”
|
||
40:12 zs8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “where the Babylonians had driven them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
40:12 hny7 0 “a huge amount of grapes and summer fruit”
|
||
40:12 t7ep 0 “fruit that becomes ripe during the summer.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 40:10](../40/10.md).
|
||
40:13 qk6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated these names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
40:13 yp1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
40:14 dj6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Johanan and the commanders use a rhetorical question to warn Gedaliah. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You need to understand that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to murder you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
40:14 mv1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
40:14 p3zy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Translate these names as in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
40:14 q9l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 26:24](../26/24.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
40:15 yyw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
40:15 tfj9 0 See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md).
|
||
40:15 vk6u 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md).
|
||
40:15 tnu5 0 “No one will think that I did it”
|
||
40:15 l7ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to change Gedaliah’s thinking. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not allow him to kill you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
40:15 mc43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to get Gedaliah to think about what will happen if Gedaliah does what Gedaliah is planning to do. Alternate translation: “If you do this, all of Judah that has been gathered to you will be scattered and the remnant of Judah will be destroyed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
40:15 c9ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 The word “all” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “many of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
40:15 hp75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “who have come to you” or “whom Yahweh has brought to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
40:15 mj6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “to have the Chaldeans scatter them” or “to flee away to many different lands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
40:15 pxq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow the Chaldeans to destroy the remnant of Judah” or “and allow the remnant of Judah to perish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
40:15 zr8s 0 “remnant of the people of Judah.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 40:11](../40/11.md).
|
||
40:16 gc11 0 See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 26:24](../26/24.md).
|
||
41:intro u2q2 0 # Jeremiah 41 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Life in Judah\nThis chapter explains what life was like in Judah after the Babylonian conquest. It was a difficult and dangerous time, but some of the faithful remained in the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
|
||
41:1 mz9m 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
|
||
41:1 rce7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths 0 This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
41:1 va8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:8](../40/08.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
41:1 uv6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
41:2 yly4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
41:2 mt62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “in charge of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
41:3 s68d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “Ishmael” represents himself and the ten men with him. Alternate translation: “Then Ishmael and the ten men with him killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
41:3 pzn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also the Chaldean soldiers there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
41:4 xv5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 The word “second” is the ordinal form of the number 2. Possible meanings are (1) “the day after” or (2) “two days after” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
41:5 te6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “80 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
41:5 c3sk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Having things in the hands here is probably a metaphor for carrying those things or having them in their possession. Alternate translation: “in their possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
41:5 v4qg 0 “to go worship Yahweh at his temple”
|
||
41:6 p4gy 0 “to meet the 80 men”
|
||
41:6 n7k7 0 This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
|
||
41:7 iju5 0 This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
|
||
41:7 tp8u 0 It is stated it in [Jeremiah 41:8](../41/08.md) that Ishmael and his men did not kill all 80 men. You can state here that they killed most of the 80 men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and the men who were with him, killed most of the 80 men and threw them into a pit”
|
||
41:8 nt5a 0 The word “them” refers to the 80 men.
|
||
41:8 zn9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is implied that they would give their provisions to Ishmael and his men. Alternate translation: “for we will give you our provisions that we have hidden in a field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
41:8 c4gu 0 supplies to be used to provide for future needs
|
||
41:9 p33k rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 This is background information about the cistern that Ishmael used. King Asa had his men dig the cistern so his people would have a water supply when King Baasha attacked them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||
41:9 kzd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here King Asa represents his men. Alternate translation: “that King Asa ordered his men to dig” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
41:9 p7br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here King Baasha represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “against Baasha, king of Israel, and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
41:9 ny7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here Ishmael represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men filled it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
41:9 nw96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “with those who were dead” or “with those they had killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
41:10 w324 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here Ishmael represents himself and his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men captured” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
41:10 y6nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
41:10 rk3e 0 “traveled towards the land of the Ammonites”
|
||
41:11 j1v7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
41:12 pak6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men … found them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
41:13 a4a1 0 This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
|
||
41:13 efz7 0 Here “people” refers to those whom Ishmael and his men had captured.
|
||
41:14 tjt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “whom Ishmael and his men had captured” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
41:15 zag1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 “He” refers to Ishmael who represents himself and the eight men with him. Alternate translation: “They went to the people of Ammon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
41:16 d9f5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom they had rescued” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
41:16 x13r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 The author stops the story to refer to a previous event so that the order of events are understood. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||
41:16 r944 0 These both refer to soldiers. Alternate translation: “the soldiers”
|
||
41:16 j14l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom they had rescued at Gibeon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
41:17 b8j8 0 “Johanan, his companions, and all the people they rescued went”
|
||
41:17 di1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
41:18 k3qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is implied that they were afraid that the Chaldeans would attack them. Alternate translation: “because they thought the Chaldeans may attack them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
41:18 iuc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “in charge of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
42:intro ye1g 0 # Jeremiah 42 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Life in Babylon\nThe remaining army commanders, who scattered after the Babylonian victory, asked Jeremiah to ask Yahweh about where they should go. Yahweh encouraged them to go to Babylon because they would soon return to the Promised Land. They would be punished if they went to Egypt or anywhere else. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
|
||
42:1 jc5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:13](../40/13.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
42:1 w479 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
42:1 h1f8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. Alternate translation: “all the people from every social status” or “all the people, including the least important and the most important people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
42:1 wx9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word “all” is a generalization that means very many people went. Alternate translation: “many other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
42:2 te2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 “Let us present our urgent request to you.” The abstract noun “pleas” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Listen as we plead with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
42:4 yl1b 0 “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||
42:4 v54c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “keep nothing back from you” is an idiom that means to tell someone everything. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will tell you everything the Lord tells me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
42:5 tze5 0 This is a way of beginning an oath. Alternate translation: “We ask Yahweh to be” or “Yahweh will be”
|
||
42:5 htw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 Here these words share similar meanings. They describe Yahweh as a witness whom no one will be able to contradict. Alternate translation: “trustworthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
42:6 aj3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 The people mention both extremes to emphasize that they will obey no matter what Yahweh’s answer is. Alternate translation: “Whatever he answers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
42:6 ixn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “voice” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh our God says” or “we will obey Yahweh our God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
42:7 k8xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
42:8 c9v6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md). Alternate translation: “to all the people from every social status” or “to all the people, including the least important and the most important people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
42:8 t51j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word “all” is a generalization that means very many people went. Alternate translation: “to many other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
42:10 m39t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh refers to the people of Israel like a wall that can be built or torn down. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to prosper and I will not destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
42:10 aj8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh uses another example to express how he will cause the people of Israel to prosper and not be destroyed. He refers to them like a plant in the same way he referred to them as a wall. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
42:10 a8zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A disaster is here spoken of as something that a person can put onto someone else. Alternate translation: “I will prevent the disaster that I have caused to happen to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
42:11 k5t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “save” and “rescue” mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will, indeed, save. Alternate translation: “to save you completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
42:11 jv59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “hand” refers to power and authority. Alternate translation: “rescue you from his power” or “rescue you from him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
42:13 qi8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “voice” represents a command. To not obey is like the people did not hear Yahweh’s command. Alternate translation: “if you do not obey my commands, even though I am Yahweh, your God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
42:14 bg9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Both of these phrases describe being at war by the ability to see or hear it. Alternate translation: “where we will not experience the hardships of war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
42:14 n28p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Being hungry for food is used to describe famine. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
42:15 t7ch 0 The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
|
||
42:15 te43 0 “to Yahweh’s message”
|
||
42:15 e21x 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
42:15 cpw7 0 “depart for” or “leave for”
|
||
42:16 s8nw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “the sword” represents war. The Israelites experiencing war even if they go to Egypt is spoken of as if the sword would chase after the people catch up with them. Alternate translation: “you will experience the terrible results of war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
42:16 pea7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The Israelites experiencing famine even in Egypt is spoken of as if famine would chase after them. Alternate translation: “You worry about famine in Israel but if you go to Egypt you will suffer from famine there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
42:17 vak7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The men are used to refer to all the people because they are the leaders in their families. Alternate translation: “anyone who sets out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
|
||
42:17 b82t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Causing a disaster is spoken of as if disaster were an object that is brought to a person. Alternate translation: “the disaster that I will cause to happen to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
42:18 v4kb 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
42:18 hxc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if wrath and fury were liquids that he poured out on the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I became very angry and punished the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
42:18 ss3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “my terrible wrath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
42:18 rm4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if fury were a liquid that he pours out on the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will became very angry and punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
42:18 m8xv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 All of these statements mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the nations will treat the people of Judah after Yahweh punishes them. Alternate translation: “People will be terrified when they see what has happened to you. They will curse and mock you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
42:19 m4t7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “been a witness against” is an idiom that means to give a warning. Alternate translation: “I have warned you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
42:20 tm47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “we will do it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
42:21 q58d 0 “you have not paid attention”
|
||
42:21 bn7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “voice” represents what Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh your God commanded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
42:22 ewj3 0 The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
|
||
42:22 ah9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “you will die in warfare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
42:22 b8em rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 They desired to live in Egypt. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “in Egypt, where you thought you would be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
43:intro b33q 0 # Jeremiah 43 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### They did not believe Jeremiah\nAfter Jeremiah prophesied the destruction of Judah, the people did not believe him. Judah was conquered and destroyed. Even after this, the people did not believe they would be safe in Babylon as Jeremiah prophesied. This is shocking. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])\n\n### Babylon invades Egypt\nBabylon is described as invading part of Egypt. This would have been unthinkable for the people. It would have gotten their attention.\n\n## Other possible translation issues in this chapter\n\n### Symbolic actions\nJeremiah’s burial of the stones was intended to be a symbolic action for the people. This was supposed to teach the people a lesson. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
43:1 ufu5 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
|
||
43:2 wg2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Possible meanings are (1) this is another name for Jezaniah in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md) or (2) this is a different son of Hoshaiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
43:2 a3qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 42:1](../42/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
43:2 u1n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 40:13](../40/13.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
43:3 h7cf 0 to cause someone to act in a harmful or violent way
|
||
43:3 gh4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “to give us over to the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
43:3 bw5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “death” can be stated as “to kill.” Alternate translation: “for you to cause the Chaldeans to either kill us or to take us as captives to Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
43:4 glv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 This probably did not include every individual there. The word “all” is a generalization that means many people. Alternate translation: “many of the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
43:4 a6mj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “voice” represents commands. And here “to listen” means “to obey.” Alternate translation: “would not obey Yahweh’s command” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
43:5 n9qa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where Yahweh had scattered them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
43:6 qj48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
43:6 s144 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [Jeremiah 39:14](../39/14.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
43:7 rup9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated the name of this city in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
43:8 p6h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah in Tahpanehs:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
43:9 i4wa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “sight” can be expressed with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the people of Judah are watching” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
43:9 usg5 0 a substance used to hold bricks together
|
||
43:9 sha8 0 “to Pharaoh’s royal building”
|
||
43:10 eb2l 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
43:10 uz43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Both the king’s “throne” and “pavilion” are used to refer to his royal authority. Alternate translation: “I will cause him to rule as king over the people of Egypt. He will place his throne and pavilion over these stones you have buried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
43:10 k69r 0 a very large tent
|
||
43:11 krw1 0 Yahweh continues telling his message.
|
||
43:11 j4bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “he” refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents his whole army. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
43:11 njk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 The abstract noun “death” can be stated as “die.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone will die whom I have decided must die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
43:11 iqj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Babylonians will take everyone captive whom I have decided must go into captivity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
43:11 prf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “sword” represents battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone will die in battle whom I have decided will die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
43:12 fy3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “I” refers to Yahweh. This represents Yahweh sending the Babylonian army to light a fire. Alternate translation: “Then I will cause the Babylonian army to light a fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
43:12 yqt6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army will … They will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
43:12 nms7 0 “burn the Egyptian idols or take them”
|
||
43:12 e3qj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Taking or destroying everything in Egypt is compared to how a shepherd carefully cleans off his clothes. Alternate translation: “He will take or destroy everything valuable in Egypt just as a shepherd is careful to get every insect off of his clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
43:13 pyt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a city. The name means “city of the sun.” In this city was a temple where they worshiped a sun god. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
44:intro xf8j 0 # Jeremiah 44 General Notes\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Idiom\n\nThe people called Ashtoreth the goddess of the Canaanites, “the queen of heaven.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
|
||
44:1 s5cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
44:1 gzg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
44:1 a4bd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
44:1 jee4 0 This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called “Pathros.”
|
||
44:2 j6cn 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
44:2 wb58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns 0 The word “yourselves” is used for emphasis to specify the people of Judea who live in the land of Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
|
||
44:2 zs94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Causing disasters is spoken of as if disasters were an object that can be put on something. Alternate translation: “all the disaster that I caused to happen to Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
44:2 bjm6 0 “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
|
||
44:3 a86s 0 “the people of Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah did to offend me”
|
||
44:3 uvb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns 0 The word “themselves” is used for emphasis to specify the people of Jerusalem and the other cities of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people from the ruined cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
|
||
44:4 jwn6 0 The word “I” refers to Yahweh.
|
||
44:5 a6zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 To stop doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: “or to stop behaving wickedly by burning incense to other gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
44:6 kck1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Becoming angry and punishing people is spoken of as if fury and wrath were liquids there could be poured on people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I became very angry and punished them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
44:6 gje9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “fury” and “wrath” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “my terrible wrath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
44:6 if3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh becoming angry and punishing the people of Judah is spoken of as his fury and wrath were a fire. Alternate translation: “my fury and wrath were like a fire” or “my punishment was like a fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
44:6 j69q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “ruins” and “devastations” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the complete devastation of Judah and Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “they became completely devastated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
44:6 bb1y 0 This refers to the current time at which Yahweh was speaking this message.
|
||
44:7 gez9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses these questions to rebuke the people for doing things that cause him to punish them. Alternate translation: “You are doing … yourselves. You are causing … and babies.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
44:7 mnr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “wickedness” can be stated as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “Why are you doing these wicked things that harm yourselves?” or “You are doing wicked things that cause terrible things to happen to you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
44:7 n4fj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Being separated from the people of Judah is spoken of as if the people are cut off from Judah the way a person may cut off a branch from a vine or cut off a piece of cloth. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Why are you causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies?” or “You are causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
44:8 prs6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “wickedness” represents actions that are “wicked.” Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “You have offended me with the wicked things you have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
44:8 bqw9 0 “The result of going to Egypt is that … and that”
|
||
44:8 d96k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will cause me to destroy you” or “you will destroy yourselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
44:8 qgd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “nations” represent the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of all the nations of the earth will curse you and hate you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
44:9 zk7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about the wicked behavior of their ancestors and how Yahweh punished them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Think about what happened to your ancestors and the kings of Judah and their wives when they did wicked things.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
44:9 v2a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about their own wicked behavior and how Yahweh punished them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Think about what happened to you and your wives when you did evil things in the land Judah and the streets of Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
44:9 w74z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Jerusalem is referred to by the part of the city where people walk. This means the people did evil things in public places. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem” or “the public places of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
44:10 ai8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 “the people of Judah are still not humble.” Yahweh is still speaking to the people of Judah, so this can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “you are still not humble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
44:10 a4hl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Obeying the laws is spoken of as if it were walking in the laws. Alternate translation: “nor do they obey them” or “nor do you obey them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
44:11 ppb1 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
44:11 vc6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means he “firmly decided.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:10](../21/10.md). Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
44:11 j5gg 0 “stare angrily at”
|
||
44:11 is79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Causing disaster to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that can be brought to someone. Alternate translation: “to cause disaster to happen to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
44:12 t7mn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “fall” means to die. And “sword” represents the enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Enemies will kill some of them and others will die of hunger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
44:12 pmr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. Alternate translation: “all the people from every social status” or “all the people, including the least important and the most important people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
44:12 t4e4 0 “people will be horrified because of what happened to the people of Judah, and people will mock and curse them”
|
||
44:13 yvm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “I punished the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
44:13 xt2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “by causing enemies to kill some of them, others to starve to death, and others to die because of disease” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
44:15 e1fj 0 “in the large crowd”
|
||
44:15 ql9v 0 “Lower Egypt” refers to the northern region of Egypt.
|
||
44:15 a1sx 0 This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called “Pathros.”
|
||
44:16 k3bm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “in Yahweh’s name” means “in Yahweh’s authority” or “as Yahweh’s representative.” Alternate translation: “We will not obey this message that you say Yahweh told you to tell us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
44:17 aja3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This a title of a false goddess that the people of Judah worshiped. This goddess is also called “Asherah.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
44:17 fh7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “streets” represent the public places in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in the public places of Jerusalem” or “in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
44:17 clp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The people of Judah thought they would prosper because the queen of heaven would bless them if they worshiped her. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
44:17 u8y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then we will have plenty of food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
44:18 ux4h 0 The remnant of the people living in Egypt continue to speak. Beginning in 44:19, the women address Jeremiah.
|
||
44:18 hs8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers were killing some of us and some of us were dying of hunger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
44:19 dne8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The women were claiming to be innocent because their husband approved of what they were doing. Alternate translation: “our husbands knew what we were doing … to her.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
44:19 ec3w 0 These were probably small cakes shaped like stars or the crescent moon.
|
||
44:21 qc2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Jeremiah uses a question to scold the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh certainly knew about … of the land.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
44:21 ir8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Both of these phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that Yahweh knows that the people were worshiping false gods. Alternate translation: “Yes, Yahweh knows what you were doing, and he does not forget” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
44:22 a6w5 0 “was no longer able to tolerate it”
|
||
44:22 t1fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “abominations” can be stated as “things he hated.” Alternate translation: “because you did things that he hated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
44:22 x1jw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “a desolation,” “a horror,” and “a curse.” Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh caused it so that no one lives in the land. He made it a desolate and horrifying place. People use its name to curse others. And this is how it is even to this day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
44:23 z7ak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Why people burn incense can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “burned incense to false gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
44:23 m5km rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “voice” refers to Yahweh’s commands. Alternate translation: “you would not obey his commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
44:24 lr74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Judah” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
44:25 q7r5 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
44:25 rst9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “mouths” and “hands” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “have done what you promised to do when you said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
44:25 nwz1 0 “fulfill the vows” or “complete the vows”
|
||
44:25 lq9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony 0 This is an ironic statement. Yahweh does not really want them to fulfill their vow to a false goddess. Yahweh knows they will not listen to him so he tells them to go ahead and do what they want. Alternate translation: “Very well! If that is what you want to do, then go fulfill your vows and do what you promised to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
|
||
44:25 vw9i 0 The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
|
||
44:26 vwq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Judah” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
44:26 d9iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “name” represents the whole being of Yahweh. And, “mouth” represents the whole person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No person of Judah living in the land of Egypt will ever call upon me again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
44:26 n652 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 “as surely as the Lord Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you transited “As Yahweh lives” [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” or “I solemnly swear by the Lord Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
44:27 c948 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 Here “Every person” is a generalization that means “very many people.” Also, “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Nearly every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will die. Enemies will kill many of them and many of them will starve to death until there is very few of them left” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
44:28 ar61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Then those whom the enemies do not kill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
44:29 vj4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am opposed to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
44:29 g448 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Yahweh causing disaster on the people as he promised is spoken of as if his word would attack them. Alternate translation: “what I have said will happen and you will have a disaster” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
44:30 wm1f 0 “Listen” or “Pay attention”
|
||
44:30 fk1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will allow the enemies who want to kill Pharaoh Hophra, the king of Egypt, to defeat him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
44:30 k1p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
44:30 sf5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. And, Nebuchadnezzar represents his whole army. The phrase “sought his life” is an idiom that means to want to kill someone. Alternate translation: “when I allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar to defeat Zedekiah king of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
45:intro m5sy 0 # Jeremiah 45 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter forms a break in the narrative sequence. It records prophecies that have already occurred. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
|
||
45:1 n8gv 0 This information can be placed at the beginning of 45:1 as in the UST.
|
||
45:1 uid7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The words “of the rule” are understood. Alternate translation: “in the fourth year of the rule of Jehoiakim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
45:1 d24t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 The word “fourth” is the ordinal form of the number four. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
45:1 w799 0 “Jeremiah said to Baruch”
|
||
45:3 vg45 0 “for I was already suffering and now Yahweh causes me to be sad as well”
|
||
45:3 jwx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “groaning” can be stated as “cry.” Alternate translation: “I am tired because I cry so much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
45:4 sdw1 0 Yahweh is telling Jeremiah what to say to Baruch.
|
||
45:5 jtj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses a question to state that he knows Baruch is hoping for others to treat him in a special way. Alternate translation: “I know you hope for great things for yourself.” or “I know you hope others will honor you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
45:5 m1dh 0 “For understand” or “Be aware”
|
||
45:5 n1jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Allowing Baruch to escape and remain alive is spoken of as if his life were plunder that he would take after a battle. Alternate translation: “but wherever you go, I will protect you and allow you to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
45:5 a5tu 0 things stolen from a place by force
|
||
46:intro ul65 0 # Jeremiah 46 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 46:3-12, 14-24.\n\nThis begins a section where Jeremiah prophesies about other nations. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n### Justice\nMuch of Jeremiah is concerned with Yahweh’s punishment of Judah. Yahweh used Egypt to punish Judah. Because Yahweh is just, he is going to punish Egypt for their evil deeds as well. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Battle preparations\nJeremiah commands the Egyptian army to prepare for battle, even though they will not be able to defend themselves. Their punishment has already been determined by Yahweh.
|
||
46:1 sfw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
46:1 e496 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
46:2 q4ql 0 This phrase indicates this message is intended for the nation of Egypt.
|
||
46:2 zfd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
46:2 dv75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a city on the west bank of the Euphrates. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
46:2 tsq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “that the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
46:2 nsv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to the fourth year of Jehoiakim’s reign. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “in the fourth year of the reign of Jehoiakim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
46:2 v9gg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 The word “fourth” is the ordinal form of “four.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
46:4 vhi9 0 A “harness” is a set of straps placed on a horse so that it can pull a chariot. Here “mount up on the horses” means that the soldiers rode in the chariots that the horses were pulling.
|
||
46:4 z233 0 A helmet is armor which protects the head in battle.
|
||
46:4 v58m 0 This phrase means to “sharpen” the spear.
|
||
46:5 h8b9 0 Jeremiah’s vision for Egypt continues.
|
||
46:5 nj2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The word “I” here refer to Yahweh. Yahweh uses a question to introduce the vision and to draw attention to what he says next. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at what is happening here” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
46:5 hry1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “terror” can be stated as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “The Egyptian soldiers are terrified” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
46:6 gr1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that no one, not even the strongest and fastest, can escape. The nominal adjective “the swift” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “even the swiftest soldier cannot escape” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
46:6 bv4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Both statements mean the same thing. Being and dying in battle is spoken of as if the soldiers stumble and fall. Alternate translation: “The Egyptian soldiers suffer defeat and die in the north by the Euphrates River” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
46:7 qv9y 0 Jeremiah continues quoting Yahweh’s declaration to the nation of Egypt.
|
||
46:7 j7fk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses a question to draw attention to what he is about to say concerning Egypt. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at who rises like the Nile … the rivers.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
46:8 n8ng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The Nile river floods its banks once a year, covering the surrounding area with water. Yahweh compares the kingdom of Egypt to the Nile because the Egyptian people think they are mighty enough to destroy cities in all the lands. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
46:8 udt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Egypt” represents all the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “The Egyptians rise … The Egyptians say … We will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
46:9 ew5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “horses” and “chariots” represent the soldiers who use horses and chariots in battle. The leaders of Egypt are ordering their soldiers to start the battle. Alternate translation: “Go up to battle, you soldiers on horses. Fight furiously, you soldiers in chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
46:9 a538 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This command can be addressed directly to the soldiers. What they were to go out for can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “You soldiers from Cush and Put, who are skillful with your shields, go out to battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
46:9 fz8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are biblical names for the countries of Ethiopia and Libya. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
46:9 c8vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The ideas of soldiers and going out to battle are understood from earlier in the sentence. They can be repeated. This command can also be addressed directly to the soldiers. Alternate translation: “you soldiers from Lud, who are skillful at bending your bows, go out to battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
46:9 mem7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of the people group from the nation of Lud. Lud is the biblical name for Lydia. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
46:9 awb5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “bend the bow” means to pull the string of the bow back with an arrow in order to shoot the arrow. Alternate translation: “skillful at shooting arrows from their bows” or “skillful with the bow and arrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
46:10 b6mc 0 Jeremiah’s quotation of Yahweh’s declaration to the nation of Egypt continues.
|
||
46:10 k221 0 This phrase refers to the day the Egyptians lose the battle to the Babylonians.
|
||
46:10 kb95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself in third person. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “for me, Lord Yahweh of hosts, and I will avenge myself on my foes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
46:10 xmi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 This speaks of Yahweh’s sword as if it were devouring people and drinking blood. Both these phrases are saying similar thing and are combined to emphasize that there will be complete destruction. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy my enemy. It will be like my sword devours them and gets drunk on their blood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
46:10 c3fe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh punishing and killing his enemies is spoken of as if he would use a sword to kill them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
46:10 i9dw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh avenging himself by causing the Egyptians to lose in battle against the Babylonians is spoken of as if the Egyptian army would be a sacrifice to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “For the Egyptians will be like a sacrifice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
46:11 h7iu 0 Yahweh finishes his declaration to Egypt.
|
||
46:11 b1x3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony 0 Gilead was a region famous for having people skillful with medicine. Yahweh is mocking the Egyptians by telling them to go get medicine, but he knows it will not help them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
|
||
46:11 k73x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the virgin daughter of Egypt. Alternate translation: “people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
46:12 m6ni 0 This word means a condition of feeling ashamed or the loss of respect.
|
||
46:12 xc2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “earth” is a metonym for the people of the earth and a generalization for the people who know what has happened to Egypt. All the people of the earth hearing the Egyptians crying is spoken of as if their laments filled the earth. Alternate translation: “All the people of the earth hear you crying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
46:12 jk5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Soldiers dying in battle is spoken of as if they were stumbling and falling down. Alternate translation: “for your soldiers die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
46:13 q31x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “when the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
46:13 jr9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the people of Egypt” or “the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
46:14 g5lu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 44:1](../44/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
46:14 qy9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
46:14 b4vr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “sword” here represents soldiers carrying weapons. The enemy soliders killing people is spoken of as if their swords were devouring people. Alternate translation: “your enemies will kill people all around you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
46:15 a8tg 0 Some Bibles translate this as “Why has Apis fled? Why did your bull not stand?” Apis was an Egyptian god that was represented by the form of a bull. The bull is often a symbol for strength. That is why the ULT and other versions of the Bible translate this as “strong ones” or “mighty ones,” which refers to soldiers.
|
||
46:15 i1pz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses a question to mock the strength of the Egyptian soldiers. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers are face-down on the ground and will not stand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
46:16 a5tm 0 “Yahweh causes more and more of your soldiers to stumble”
|
||
46:16 c7x1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “sword” represents the enemy soldiers who are carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Let us run away from our enemies because they are killing us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
46:17 bd2w 0 Possible meanings are (1) “they” refers to people in general who are in Egypt or (2) “they” refers to the foreign soldiers who are fleeing to their native lands of Cush, Put, and Lud.
|
||
46:17 kv5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 These two phrases are saying that the nation of Egypt has become of little importance. The phrase “only a noise” is an idiom that means a person says he will do something but he does not do it. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh brags much but cannot do what he brags he will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
46:18 a2ci rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Here “King” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “this is what I, the King, declare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
46:18 gmj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This refers to the nation of Babylon who will be as overwhelming to the nation of Egypt as the these two mountains are to the plains that surround them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
46:18 t2bs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a mountain in the northern part of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
46:19 n24i 0 “Prepare to go into exile”
|
||
46:20 nf61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The nation of Egypt, which was very strong and prosperous, is spoken of as if it were a beautiful young cow. Alternate translation: “Egypt is like a very beautiful heifer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
46:20 pcx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The enemy army coming to attack the Egyptians is spoken of as if the army were an insect that stings. Alternate translation: “but a powerful army like a stinging insect” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
46:21 duz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The writer compares soldiers to “fattened bulls” because the soldiers are well cared for by the Egyptians just as a farmer takes care of a bull and makes it fat. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
46:21 y6gt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 To “stand together” is an idiom meaning to remain united. The writer is saying that the soldiers will not fight as a unit but will run away thinking only of saving themselves. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
46:21 h8zt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of a day as if it travels and arrives in a location. Alternate translation: “they will experience disaster on that day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
46:22 pc27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The inability of the Egyptians to do anything to stop their enemy is spoken of as if they were snakes that can only hiss and crawl away. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
46:22 z1yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The enemies coming with the weapons to destroy the Egyptians is spoken of as if they were woodcutters with axes preparing to cut down a tree. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
46:23 q15l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This continues speaking of the enemy army attacking the Egyptians as if the army were woodcutters cutting down trees. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will kill many Egyptians like woodcutters cutting down a forest … even though there are very many trees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
46:23 p42g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
46:23 gvh6 0 This is a type of insect that travels in very large groups and can cause great destruction by eating crops.
|
||
46:23 dl76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will be able to count them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
46:24 ut6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Egypt. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will humiliate the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
46:24 n1ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will allow the people from the north to defeat the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
46:25 v4iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 “Amon” is the king of the Egyptian gods. “Thebes” is the capital of the northern part of Egypt, and here it represents the people of Thebes. Alternate translation: “Amon, god of Thebes” or “Amon, god of the people of Thebes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
46:25 au2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Egypt” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Egypt and the gods they worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
46:26 pq89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. The phrase “seeking their lives” is an idiom that mean to want to kill someone. Alternate translation: “I will allow those who are wanting to kill them to defeat them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
46:26 n18z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” represents power or control. “Nebuchadnezzar … his servants” names specifically “the ones seeking their lives.” Alternate translation: “that is, I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants to defeat the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
46:26 zb51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then after this, people will live in Egypt again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
46:27 cfi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. Here “Jacob” and “Israel” represent the people of Israel. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people should not be afraid. Alternate translation: “people of Israel, my servants, do not be afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
46:27 n8yh 0 “from the land where they are captives”
|
||
46:28 r2ij rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “destruction” can be stated using the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy all the nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
46:28 h92x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
|
||
47:intro y84e 0 # Jeremiah 47 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 47:2-7.\n\nJeremiah’s prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Flood waters\nThis chapter uses the imagery of a flood to describe the enemies who conquer the Philistines. Their destruction will be swift and complete. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
47:1 up7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh that came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
47:1 z4d3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “this word came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave this message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
47:1 n7b3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Pharaoh” represents the Egyptians army. Alternate translation: “before Pharaoh’s army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
47:2 br4s 0 The word “see” alerts us to pay attention to what is about to be said.
|
||
47:2 na2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 The two phrases have a similar meaning. The enemy army is spoken of as if it were a flood. Alternate translation: “an army in the north will come like a flood. They will be powerful like an overflowing river” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
47:2 wnx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This continues speaking of the army from the north as an overflowing river. Alternate translation: “like an overflowing river, the army from the north will destroy the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
47:3 yv46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Together these represent the sounds of an oncoming army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
47:3 yya7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrase have similar meanings and they are combined to emphasize the loud noise they will make. Alternate translation: “at the very loud sound of the wheels of the chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
47:4 q4r1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of a day as if it were something that travels and arrives in a place. Alternate translation: “For on that day, the enemy army will devastate all of the Philistines and cut off from Tyre” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
47:4 f7br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Removing someone is spoken of as if they were cut off the way a person may cut a branch from a tree or a piece of cloth from a garment. Alternate translation: “to remove anyone who may want to help Tyre and Sidon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
47:4 g199 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of an island of the northern region of the Philistines. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
47:5 u8ep rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “baldness” can be stated as “bald.” “Gaza” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people of Gaza will shave their heads bald” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
47:5 yv2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 The shaving of the entire head or portions of the head is a sign of great sorrow practiced by idol worshipers in nations such as Philistia. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
47:5 dw3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 Possible meanings are (1) the people will be silent because they are mourning or (2) this is a euphemism that means the enemy soldiers will kill them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
47:5 m4h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Ashkelon will never stop mourning. Yahweh speaks to the people as if he were speaking to one woman, who is a metaphor for the city itself. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will forever cut yourselves in mourning.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
|
||
47:5 f7f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 The cutting of one’s skin was another practice done by the idol worshipers when they mourn the dead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
47:6 eck8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 The Philistines speak to the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could hear them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you who are holding your sword! When will you stop striking us with your sword? Stop your sword and put it back in its scabbard!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
47:6 m6j8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army from the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking them with a sword. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
47:6 cid1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The people of the Philistines use this question to express their deep frustration about the devastation caused by their enemies. This may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please be silent!” or “Please, Yahweh, stop striking us with your sword!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
47:6 r4br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 A sword makes a noise as it slashes back and forth. Asking the sword to be silent means to ask it to stop slashing and killing. Alternate translation: “you rest” or “you stop slashing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
47:6 hg5n 0 This is the case used to protect the blade of a sword.
|
||
47:7 x3p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here Jeremiah is speaking. He continues speaking of the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could rest. Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army of the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking the people with a sword. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It cannot rest … along the sea.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
47:7 w3uj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Jeremiah uses a question to mean that the sword cannot stop since Yahweh has commanded it to continue killing. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It cannot stop, for Yahweh has commanded it. He has ordered … the sea.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
48:intro d44i 0 # Jeremiah 48 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 48:1-25, 28-33, 39-47.\n\nJeremiah’s prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Obeying Yahweh\n\nMoab worshiped and served other gods. Despite this, Yahweh expected every nation to worship and serve him and him alone. They were punished because of it. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
|
||
48:1 r24j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
48:1 kuu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Moab” represents the people. Alternate translation: “To the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
48:1 tu4z 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
48:1 xw9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Nebo” represents the people. Alternate translation: “How terrible it is for the people of Nebo, for their city is devastated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
48:1 b21z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a city near Mount Nebo in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:1 vv99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Kiriathaim has been humiliated” represents the people being humiliated. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy has captured the city of Kiriathaim and humiliated the people who live there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
48:1 e7lp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:1 w4q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “fortress has been disgraced” represents the people being disgraced. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy has destroyed the fortress in Kiriathaim and disgraced its people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
48:2 f8nr 0 “People no longer honor Moab” or “People no longer praise Moab”
|
||
48:2 hq3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:2 dmn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 “Madmen” here is a town in Moab. The name of the city has nothing to do with the English word “madmen.” Alternate translation: “Their enemies will destroy the city of Madmen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:2 ie7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “sword” represents the enemy army carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “your enemies will chase after you and kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
48:3 bp4x 0 Jeremiah continues to tell of the destruction of Moab.
|
||
48:3 f5ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a town in the south of Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:3 ue2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two terms mean the same thing. Together they emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
48:4 u8km rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy army has destroyed Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
48:4 h6mu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Possible meanings are (1) the children who lived in Moab or (2) “children” is a metonym that represents the people of Moab in general. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
48:5 uj9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:5 cpt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “destruction” can be stated as “destroyed.” Alternate translation: “because their town is destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
48:6 lhh3 0 The word “your” refers to the people of Moab.
|
||
48:6 kv9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The people fleeing from their cities into the desert is compared to a bush or shrub that grows in the desert. Alternate translation: “become like a shrub that grows in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||
48:7 gkg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “trust” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because you trusted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
48:7 z18z 0 “in your own efforts” or “in your own work”
|
||
48:7 v42e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemy army will also capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
48:7 x4hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 “Chemosh” is the chief god of the Moabites. This means the enemy army will take the idol of Chemosh that the people made to worship. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will take your god Chemosh as a captive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
48:8 uxi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Here “the destroyer” represents the enemy army. Alternate translation: “For the enemy army will come to every city and destroy it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
48:8 wca7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “no people from any city will escape” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
48:8 e6c4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “valley” and “plain” represent the cities and the people in those places Alternate translation: “So the enemy army will destroy everything in the valleys and on the plains” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
48:9 jd6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Helping the people is spoken of as if they would put wings on the people so that could fly away. Alternate translation: “Help the people of Moab to escape as if you were giving them wings to fly away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
48:9 eq9z 0 The translation of the original language is uncertain. Some Bibles translate this as “Set up a tombstone for Moab, for the enemy will certainly destroy it.” Other Bibles translate it as “Put salt on the cities of Moab, for the enemy will completely destroy it.” Enemies through salt on ruins to keep thing from ever growing there again.
|
||
48:10 c5zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “blood” represents a person’s life. And “shedding blood” is an idiom that means to kill. Alternate translation: “from killing people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
48:11 lvs4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of “he” and “his” can be stated as “they,” “their,” or “them.” Alternate translation: “Even from their earliest times, the people of Moab have felt secure … They are … their wine … They have never gone … they tastes … their flavor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
48:11 tpx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 For wine to taste good, it has to be left undisturbed for a long time and not poured from one pot to another. Yahweh compares the people of Moab, who are prosperous because no one has ever conquered them and taken them as captives, to wine that is undisturbed and has a good flavor. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
48:12 mt13 0 “Listen carefully because there will be a time”
|
||
48:12 p3kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
48:12 z48t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The enemy army defeating the people of Moab and taking them as captives is spoken of as if the people of Moab are wine and someone will come and pour them out and break the wine jars. Alternate translation: “I will send an army that will destroy them as if they were pouring out wine and breaking the jars” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
48:12 nky7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of “he,” “his,” and “him” in 48:11-12 can be stated as “they,” “their,” or “them.” Alternate translation: “send them … tip them over … their pots … their jars” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
48:13 le7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Moab” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
48:13 biu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Chemosh is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:7](../48/07.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:13 qrf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
48:13 fr2l 0 Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the city of Bethel where the Israelites worshiped a golden calf or (2) Bethel is the name of a false god the Israelites worshiped.
|
||
48:14 r8r7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Here Yahweh is speaking to the soldiers of Moab. Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the soldiers. Alternate translation: “No longer can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
48:15 z5yr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will devastate Moab and attack its cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
48:15 b73e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The best men of Moab going to battle and being killed is spoken of as if they were animals taken to a place to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “their fine young men will all be slaughtered” or “the enemy army will kill all of the finest men of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
48:15 x1zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Here “king” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 46:18](../46/18.md). Alternate translation: “This is what I, the king, declare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
48:16 f7i9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two sentences mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Moab’s destruction will happen very soon. Alternate translation: “Moab’s enemies will destroy her very soon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
48:16 u5tf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Something terrible happening soon is spoken of as if calamity were something that could move quickly to a place. Alternate translation: “terrible things will happen very soon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
48:17 l1hb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the words “staff” and “rod” represent the power and political support that Moab provided to other nations. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moab’s enemies have ended her great power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
48:18 f8bi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The people of Dibon are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Dibon. Alternate translation: “you people living in Dibon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
48:18 l7bv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:18 y9wk 0 “the enemy army that will destroy Moab”
|
||
48:19 l7di rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:19 vrl3 0 “Ask the people” or “Ask the men and women”
|
||
48:20 zk9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Moab” represents the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people are disgraced, for the enemy army has destroyed Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
48:20 lmj3 0 “Cry loudly in pain and anger”
|
||
48:20 zl7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the enemy army has devastated Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
48:21 m1zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 Yahweh punishing the people of the hill country and cities of Moab is spoken of as if punishment were something that could travel and arrive in a place. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will punish the people of the hill country, of Holon … Mephaath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
48:21 wa5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are cities in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:24 z44v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 a city in Moab (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:25 y4ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Both of these statements mean the same thing. Here “horn” and “arm” represent power. To have these hacked off or broken means to lose one’s power. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moab has become weak; the people are not able to fight anymore” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
48:25 b8p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
48:26 r5qs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative 0 Yahweh is speaking. The command “Make him drunk” indicates what Yahweh will cause to happen. Here “him” and “he” refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will cause the people of Moab to be drunk, for they acted proudly against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
48:26 v6it rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here people experiencing Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if they were drunk on wine, acting foolishly so that people laugh at them. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to be like a drunk person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
48:26 lx5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Moab as if they were a drunk person. Alternate translation: “Now the people of Moab will be like a person who wallows in his vomit … an object of ridicule (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
48:26 ln6t 0 “so that people will laugh at him”
|
||
48:27 hq3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses a question to remind the people of Moab how they treated the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “For you used to mock and laugh at the people of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
48:27 j56c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel … Were they found … at them … about them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
48:27 ft2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people of Moab for treating the people of Israel with shame though they did nothing wrong. Alternate translation: “Although they were not thieves, you still shook your head … about him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
48:27 s168 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 This is a symbolic action that shows feeling of scorn or disgust towards someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
48:28 e2f5 0 A cliff is a steep side of a mountain.
|
||
48:28 ag7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This simile emphasizes the people should leave their cities and live in the rocky cliffs to hide from their enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
48:28 bp3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “mouth of a hole” is an idiom that means the entrance to a cave. Alternate translation: “the entrance to caves” or “an opening in the rocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
48:29 zjt4 0 Here “We” refers generally to all the people in the surrounding area.
|
||
48:29 c6m3 0 All of these words have similar meanings. They are used together to emphasize the extreme pride of the people of Moab.
|
||
48:29 qa3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “his conceit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
48:30 sx8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns 0 The word “myself” is used to emphasize that Yahweh was the one who knew about Moab’s defiant speech. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
|
||
48:30 wf2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “his” refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “their defiant speech … like their deeds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
48:30 s8fk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “speech” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “that he has spoken pridefully” or “that he has spoken arrogant words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
48:31 jtn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Both of these statements mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will cry loudly for the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
48:31 cdx5 0 Possible meanings are (1) “I” refers to Jeremiah or (2) “I” refers to Yahweh.
|
||
48:31 x2jk 0 a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain or deep sorrow
|
||
48:31 be4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of the old capital city of Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:32 xbx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of two towns in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:32 xk3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The town of Sibmah had many vineyards. Here, Yahweh speaks to the people of Sibmah as if there were a grapevine. Alternate translation: “people of Sibmah, who are like a grapevine with branches that passed … your wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
48:32 z5h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Sibmah as if they were a grapevine. Alternate translation: “The destroyers have attacked you and have taken the fruit from your vineyards and your wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
48:32 lk5n 0 “The enemy army has”
|
||
48:33 kv8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract nouns “celebration” and “rejoicing” can be stated as verbs. The phrase “have been taken away” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab will no longer celebrate and rejoice because of their fruit trees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
48:33 fn4p 0 “I have stopped the wine from their winepresses” or “I have stopped the people from making wine”
|
||
48:33 u8yw 0 Here “I” refers to Yahweh.
|
||
48:33 db16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The wine makers would stomp on the grapes to squeeze out the juice. Alternate translation: “The wine makers will not stomp the grapes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
48:34 hx1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:34 zq8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of other cities in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:34 puy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a stream or river near the Dead Sea. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:35 ler4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
48:36 jaw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “heart” represents the whole person. The person’s sad crying is compared to the sad music played on a flute at a funeral. Alternate translation: “I cry sadly for Moab. My cries are like the sad music a person plays on a flute at a funeral” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
48:36 qwv8 0 Possible meanings are (1) “my” refers to Jeremiah or (2) “my” refers to Yahweh.
|
||
48:36 b311 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Kir Hareseth was an ancient capital of Moab. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:31](../48/31.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:37 mzh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 These are all things that the people of Moab did when they were mourning or expressing deep sorrow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
48:37 t4g3 0 cuts made on the skin
|
||
48:38 yc69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “mourning” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “There are people mourning everywhere” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
48:38 vhp3 0 “every housetop”
|
||
48:38 k4ve 0 open public areas, such as open marketplaces
|
||
48:38 x6fh 0 The word “I” refers to Yahweh
|
||
48:38 aj4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
48:39 bl2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations 0 Here “How” begins exclamations. The phrase “has been shattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have completely shattered them! They shout loudly and weep!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
48:39 kh25 0 a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain
|
||
48:39 n6k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here Moab represents the people. To turn one’s back is a sign of feeling ashamed. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab turn their backs in shame” or “The people of Moab are ashamed and will not show their faces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
48:39 b4ii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “derision” and “terror.” Alternate translation: “So all the people nearby will be terrified at what happened to the people of Moab and they will mock them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
48:40 m362 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 These phrases compare how a powerful army will descend on Moab and conquer it to the way an eagle swoops down to capture its prey. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
48:41 bm6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy has captured Kerioth and seized its strongholds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
48:41 ud2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is a city in Moab. See how you translated this name in [Jeremiah 48:24](../48/24.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:41 l119 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This phrase compares the fear that will overwhelm the soldiers of Moab to the fear a woman may feel when she is about to give birth to her child. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
48:41 nyn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hearts” represent a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “Moab’s soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
48:42 a6pz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the enemy will destroy the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
48:43 dsi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “coming on you” is an idiom that means “to experience” something. Alternate translation: “You will experience the terror, the pit, and a trap” or “You will be terrified, and you will fall into pits and traps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
48:43 r55q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
48:44 qa8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “the pit” and “the trap” represent all the different bad things that will happen to the people. People will run away to escape one bad thing but they will just experience another bad thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
48:44 n33r 0 Here, “year” could be translated as “time” or “season” or “time period.”
|
||
48:45 gbj4 0 This refers to the people who were able to run away during the destruction of Moab.
|
||
48:45 jpn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “in the shadow” represents protection or shelter. Alternate translation: “will hide in Heshbon for protection” or “will go to Heshbon for shelter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
48:45 ypv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Moab’s destruction will begin and spread out from Heshbon, where King Sihon once lived. Alternate translation: because a fire will burn in Heshbon, which is the city where King Sihon lived long ago (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
48:45 r5h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:45 m2yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of an Amorite king who once ruled over Heshbon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
48:45 ail8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “forehead” and “top of the heads” represent the people of Moab as a whole. Alternate translation: “It will burn up all the people in Moab who noisily boasted very much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
48:45 rkn8 0 the part of the face that is above the eyes, but below the hairline
|
||
48:46 fd8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy army has destroyed the people who worship Chemosh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
48:46 dpj3 0 This is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 48:7](../48/07.md).
|
||
48:46 k4g8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemy army has taken your sons and daughters as captives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
48:47 b2it 0 “I will cause things to go well for Moab again” or “I will cause Moab to live well again.” See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 29:14](../29/14.md).
|
||
48:47 ei27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
48:47 i5t1 0 “That is the end of what Jeremiah prophesied about Moab”
|
||
49:intro t6np 0 # Jeremiah 49 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines in 49:1-11, 14-27, 29-33, 37-39 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long quotation.\n\nJeremiah’s prophesies about other nations conclude in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n### Covenant with Abraham\nAmmon is destroyed because it drove the people of the tribe of Gad from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham’s descendants. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n### Rhetorical questions\nThere are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to convict those Yahweh addresses. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
49:1 q42f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
|
||
49:1 tz36 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
49:1 rj3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses a question to express that the people of Israel should be living in Gad rather than those who worship Molech. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There are plenty of Israelites to inherit the land of Israel. The people who worship the false idol, Molech, should not live in Gad.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
49:1 t5qg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Molech” represents the people who worship Molech. Alternate translation: “Why do the people who worship Molech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
49:2 lb84 0 This adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look and listen”
|
||
49:2 b61d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will” or “there will be a time … when I will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
49:2 i8qt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
49:2 jfb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh causing an army to attack is spoken of as if he would sound the signal for the battle to start. Alternate translation: “when I will cause the enemy army to sound the signal for battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
49:2 cl24 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemy army will burn their villages”
|
||
49:2 p4ct rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. “Those” refers to people of Ammon, who represent the land that they took from Israel. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Israel will again possess the land that the people of Ammon took away from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
49:3 ve5q 0 “Cry loudly and weep”
|
||
49:3 ywk1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). Here “Heshbon” represents the people. Alternate translation: “people of Heshbon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
49:3 kfc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for your enemies will devastate Ai” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
49:3 bf53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) “daughters” represent the women who live in Rabbah. Alternate translation: “women of Rabbah” or (2) all the people in general are spoken of as if they are the daughters of Rabbah. Alternate translation: “people of Rabbah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
49:3 z6g9 0 “for your enemies will take your god Molech captive.” This means the enemies will take the idol that represents Molech back to their land.
|
||
49:4 p3m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses a question to scold the people for bragging about the large amount of fruit that grows in their valleys. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not be proud of your valleys … daughter.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
49:4 ve6p 0 Some versions of the Bible read, “Why do you brag about your strength, your strength which is ebbing away”
|
||
49:4 a3g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here, the people of Ammon are spoken of as if they were a daughter. Alternate translation: “faithless people” or “rebellious people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
49:4 yq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The Ammonites use this question to state that they do not believe anyone can defeat them. It can be reworded as an indirect statement. Alternate translation: “falsely think that no one can defeat you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||
49:5 a2bs 0 The word “you” refers to the people of Ammon.
|
||
49:5 wlw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “terror” can be stated as the verb “terrify.” The phrase “will be scattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cause all those around you to terrify you. Each one of you flee to different directions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
49:7 j239 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
49:7 j6lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses a question to scold the people of Teman for not acting wisely. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
49:7 rhs5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a district in Edom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
49:7 c4hs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 The same idea is expressed in two different ways. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
49:7 hk68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this question to scold the people. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman district in Edom!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
49:7 gu21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this question to scold the people. This question may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Their advice is no longer wise.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
49:8 mu6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 The is the name of a city in Edom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
49:8 b1f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Esau” represents the people of Edom. The Edomites were descendants of Esau. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Edom to experience disaster when I punish them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
49:8 wxg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh is speaking to the people of Edom. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “on you … I punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
49:9 jea8 0 Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom.
|
||
49:9 rj8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how grape harvesters leave some grapes behind. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If grape harvesters … they would certainly leave some grapes behind.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
49:9 j7jl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how thieves only take what they want. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If thieves … they would only take as much as they wanted.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
49:10 fyc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh causing an enemy army to come and take everything is spoken of as if Yahweh stripped all the clothes off of Esau. Alternate translation: “But I have sent an army to take everything away from Esau” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
49:10 sn3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Esau” represents the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom … their hiding … they will not … hide themselves … Their children … they are gone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
49:10 i22l 0 “I have made known to the enemy soldiers where the people of Edom hide”
|
||
49:12 z547 0 Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom.
|
||
49:12 l9lp 0 “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||
49:12 auj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “the cup” is a metonym that represents the contents in the cup that the people must drink. The people experiencing Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if Yahweh’s punishment were liquid in a cup and the people must drink it. Alternate translation: “must certainly experience my punishment … for you will certainly experience my punishment” or “I will certainly still punish … for I will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
49:12 h58s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses a question to emphasize the people of Edom have sinned and will certainly be punished. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly, you must be aware that you will personally experience my punishment for your sins.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
49:12 fb4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 The words “you” and “yourself” refer to Edom, which represents the people of Edom. The word “yourself” is used to draw attention to the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “you yourselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
|
||
49:13 g6tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
49:13 g35q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract nouns “a horror,” “a disgrace,” and “a devastation” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “People will be horrified when they see that the city of Bozrah is devastated. And they will mock the city and use its name when they curse others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
49:13 u174 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a city in Edom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
49:13 d9vp 0 “All of Edom’s cities”
|
||
49:14 ly1e 0 Jeremiah is now speaking to the people of Edom.
|
||
49:14 h7yn 0 The word “I” refers to Jeremiah.
|
||
49:14 vb6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent out a messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
49:14 z9ze rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 It is understood “Gather together” is the beginning of the messenger’s message. Alternate translation: “to tell the nations, ‘Gather together … for battle.’” or “to the nations, and he will tell them, ‘Gather together … for battle.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
49:14 uw6a 0 The word “her” refers to Edom.
|
||
49:15 pdt6 0 The word “I” refers to Yahweh. Here “you” refers to the nation of Edom.
|
||
49:15 g33b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Here “small” represents having the least political importance. Alternate translation: “made you least important” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
49:15 wr35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and people despise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
49:16 l2gu 0 Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom.
|
||
49:16 l7en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 Here the abstract noun “fearsomeness” can be translated with either an adjective or a verb. Alternate translation: “As for how terrifying you think you are” or “Although you think you scare other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
49:16 kjt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “heart” represents the whole person. People deceiving themselves is spoken of as if their pride deceived them. Alternate translation: “you have become prideful, but you have deceived yourselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
49:16 mwf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is implied that the people made homes in high places to remain safe from enemies. Alternate translation: “live in safety like an eagle in the heights of the mountains” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
49:16 v7eu 0 This is a very large, powerful bird of prey. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 4:13](../04/13.md).
|
||
49:16 lr1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
49:17 xx9q 0 Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Edom.
|
||
49:17 hj17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “horror” can be stated using the verb “horrified.” Alternate translation: “The people passing by will be horrified when they what happened to Edom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
49:17 n5jw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 The word “hiss” refers to a sound that shows horror or awe. Alternate translation: “shake from fear and gasp” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
49:18 ihe5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Yahweh says the same thing twice to emphasize that Edom will be completely uninhabited. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
49:19 et9f 0 Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom.
|
||
49:19 f4y5 0 “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
|
||
49:19 r4k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “When I punish the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of forest and attacks sheep in the pasture” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
49:19 k55q 0 This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass.
|
||
49:19 yjn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Edom” represents the people. “It” refers to the land. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom will run from their land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
49:19 c4yq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom I will choose” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
49:19 l6pt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses the question to emphasize that no one is like him. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “For no one is like me, no one can summon me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
49:19 j5u5 0 “who will challenge me” or “who will call me to account”
|
||
49:19 y36a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses the question to show no one can defeat him. Here “shepherd” is a metaphor for “king” or “ruler.” This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No king is able to resist me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
49:20 kqc2 0 “the people who live in Teman”
|
||
49:20 yyc7 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 49:7](../49/07.md).
|
||
49:20 x5ym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Edom as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will drag them away, even the smallest flock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
49:20 k44h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the youngest and weakest people of Edom are spoken of as if they are the smallest flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “even the weakest and the smallest people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
49:20 qbe4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the land of Edom is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places” or “He will completely get rid of the people who live there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
49:21 c9gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The loud sound of Edom being destroyed is spoken of as if Edom were a large object that shakes the earth when it falls. Alternate translation: “When enemies come and destroy Edom, the noise will be extremely loud, with the result that the earth will shake” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
49:21 mw81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People at the Sea of Reeds will hear the people of Edom crying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
49:22 u1u7 0 “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
|
||
49:22 u5hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This simile means that when the enemy army attacks it will be vicious and unexpected. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
49:22 fk85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:24](../48/24.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
49:22 u2ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hearts” represent a person’s emotions. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 48:41](../48/41.md). Alternate translation: “Edom’s soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
49:23 v81s 0 Yahweh tells what will happen to the people of Damascus.
|
||
49:23 yc2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Hamath” and “Arpad” represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people who live in Hamath and Arpad will be ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
49:23 ecb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are cities in Syria. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
49:23 tpi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 A person being afraid is spoken of as if the person were melting. Alternate translation: “They are very afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
49:23 pe7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The water of the sea is always moving and is never still. This is compared to the people who cannot rest because they are so anxious about the bad news they heard. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
49:24 tg9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Damascus” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Damascus have become very weak. They turn … seizes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
49:24 ik2u 0 The abstract noun “terror” can be stated as the verb “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Damascus is terrified” or “The people of Damascus are terrified”
|
||
49:24 b8u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “distress” and “pain.” The people are compared to a woman giving birth to emphasize their pain and fear. Alternate translation: “The people are afraid and suffering like a woman giving birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
49:25 u3wm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses a question to express that the people should have left the city. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This famous city once caused me to rejoice, but now the people should leave it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
49:25 c4ki 0 Some Bibles translate this with the people of Damascus speaking. Alternate translation: “The people of Damascus say, ‘The famous city, which once made us rejoice, is now empty.’”
|
||
49:26 w6r9 0 Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Damascus.
|
||
49:26 b744 0 The word “its” refers to Damascus and its people.
|
||
49:26 p99r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 They young men being killed is spoken of as if they will fall. Alternate translation: “enemies will kill the young men of Damascus in its plazas” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
49:26 sd8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
49:27 zq53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Causing the enemy army to light a fire is spoken of as if Yahweh will light the fire. Alternate translation: “I will cause the enemy army to light a fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
49:27 xw47 0 “the fire will completely burn up”
|
||
49:27 ghf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This the name or title of the king of Damascus. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
49:28 vn4c 0 Jeremiah speaks about what will happen to Kedar.
|
||
49:28 xl4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
49:28 fp4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of kingdom or district far to the east of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
49:28 l7n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 Here “now” introduces background information about Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||
49:28 yq1x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Nebuchadnezzar” represents his army. Alternate translation: “the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
49:29 mmd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers will take their flocks, tent curtains, and all of their equipment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
49:29 mdi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your soldiers will take their camels from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
49:29 hri3 0 Possible meanings are (1) these are men being attacked by the enemy. Alternate translation: “men will shout, ‘We are terrified because terrible things are happening all around us!’” or (2) these are soldiers in the invading army. Alternate translation: “soldiers will shout at them, ‘Be afraid because we are all around you!’”
|
||
49:30 p7ww 0 Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor.
|
||
49:30 a8sg 0 Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Kedar.
|
||
49:30 dpv9 0 “people who live in Hazor”
|
||
49:30 f53n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
49:30 l16w 0 “made a plan”
|
||
49:31 dyc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe 0 Here Yahweh is speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he was there listening to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
|
||
49:31 qnr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “nation” represents the people living there. Alternate translation: “Attack this nation, whose people feel safe and secure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
49:31 hxk3 0 The words “They” and “them” refer to the people who feel safe and secure.
|
||
49:32 iq5h 0 Yahweh continues telling Nebuchadnezzar to attack the people of Kedar and the kingdom of Hazor.
|
||
49:32 bn78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe 0 Yahweh is still speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he were there listening to him. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “For your soldiers will take their camels and all of their property” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
49:32 i9ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “every wind” represents the nations. Alternate translation: “Then I will send to nations in all different directions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
49:32 m49g 0 This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “those who live on the edge of the wilderness.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 9:26](../09/26.md).
|
||
49:32 vge9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
49:33 kqm2 0 “a place where jackals live.” Jackals are fierce wild dogs. See how you translated “jackals” in [Jeremiah 9:11](../09/11.md).
|
||
49:33 u8xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Hazor will be completely uninhabited. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
49:34 z9k4 0 Yahweh is speaking about what will happen to Elam.
|
||
49:34 iy32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 14:1](../14/01.md), and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
49:35 gga5 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
49:35 f1xj 0 “The archers made Elam very powerful, but I will stop them”
|
||
49:35 phc1 0 men who are skilled with a bow and arrows
|
||
49:36 k5pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “four winds from the four corners” is an idiom that represents wind blowing from every direction. Alternate translation: “I will cause the winds to blow from every direction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
49:36 p5sx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “winds” represents nations. And the nations are a synecdoche representing the armies from those nations. Causing armies to come from all directions is spoken of as if Yahweh will cause wind to blow from all directions Alternate translation: “I will bring your enemies from every direction to attack you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
49:36 hx53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “winds” represents “nations.” Alternate translation: “to all those nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
49:36 a1gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will scatter the people of Elam to every nation on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
|
||
49:37 p5tp 0 Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Elam.
|
||
49:37 pcx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 These words are a metonym for Yahweh causing enemies to destroy Elam. Alternate translation: “I will cause Elam’s enemies to destroy Elam” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
49:37 z98d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 the people of Elam (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
49:37 e227 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Seeking a person’s life represents wanting or desiring to kill someone. Alternate translation: “those who want to kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
49:37 l2b9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh causing people to experience disaster is spoken of as if he would bring disaster against them. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to experience disaster” or “I will cause terrible things to happen to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
49:37 kkm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “sword” represents the enemy army carrying their weapons. Alternate translation: “the enemy army to pursue and kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
49:38 we6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “throne” represents Yahweh’s right to rule and judge as the king. Alternate translation: “I will judge the people of Elam” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
49:39 s61m 0 “in the future”
|
||
50:intro dyn1 0 # Jeremiah 50 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 50:1-5, 6-46.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Babylon destroyed\n\nBabylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n### Israel\nThe author sometimes uses the term “Israel” to refer to the people of the old northern kingdom of Israel, and at other times to the nation of Israel as a whole. He switches between these uses several times without warning the reader. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
50:1 mzg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 God gives Jeremiah a message about Babylon. See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
|
||
50:1 je71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
50:1 k291 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The hand is a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:2](../37/02.md). Alternate translation: “through Jeremiah, who was a prophet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
50:2 gf1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 This phrase is repeated to emphasize the importance of the command. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
50:2 a85t 0 “Put up a sign”
|
||
50:2 q3di 0 “Babylon is conquered”
|
||
50:2 zzg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These lines mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh has disgraced the gods of Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
50:2 x394 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are two names for the chief god of Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
50:3 g6ih 0 Here “it” refers to Babylon in both phrases.
|
||
50:3 daw4 0 The word “her” refers to Babylon.
|
||
50:3 sf89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “desolation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “destroy her land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
50:4 xb8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the importance of that future time. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 33:15](../33/15.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
50:4 f3j1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
50:4 sdx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Seeking Yahweh their God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
50:5 e8cx 0 The word “They” refers to the people of Israel or the people of Judah who are returning from Babylon to Jerusalem.
|
||
50:5 q3s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is figurative language used to explain a spiritual connection to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
50:5 ch4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This states that the covenant will be obeyed forever. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will forget” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
50:6 fsj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a group of sheep that was lost. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “My people have been like a lost flock of sheep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
50:6 a67k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were the shepherds of people. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “Their leaders were like shepherds who” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
50:6 zpk8 0 “lead them around to many different places”
|
||
50:7 h59f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Attacking the people of Israel is spoken of as if a wild animal ate them. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “devoured them like a wild animal would eat its prey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
50:7 u3dr 0 The word “they” refers to the people of Israel.
|
||
50:7 id3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is spoken of as the source of their trust. The abstract noun “hope” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “the one whom their ancestors confidently expected to help them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
50:8 en1b 0 Yahweh is speaking to his people in captivity in Babylon.
|
||
50:8 ey2s 0 This command is addressed to the people of Israel who were in exile in Babylon.
|
||
50:8 y6hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Male goats tend to be more independent than the rest of the flock. Possible meanings are (1) they should be the first to leave Babylon or (2) they should lead the rest of the Israelites away from Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
50:9 dns1 0 The word “see” alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because”
|
||
50:9 db8i 0 “stir up”
|
||
50:9 rv59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “These nations will capture Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
50:9 sd99 0 Possible meanings are (1) “from the north” or (2) “from their battle positions.”
|
||
50:9 nm58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The effectiveness of the arrows of the attacking nations are spoken of as if they were soldiers that always accomplish their mission. The idiom “empty-handed” means “without success.” Alternate translation: Each of their arrows are like skilled soldiers that always hit their target” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
50:10 n671 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
50:10 wnf6 0 “They will plunder Chaldea”
|
||
50:11 a17k 0 Yahweh is speaking to the people of Babylon.
|
||
50:11 qcl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These terms mean the same thing and are used to emphasize how happy they were to conquer Israel. Alternate translation: “You people of Babylon rejoice, celebrate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
50:11 gt23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns 0 Each instance of “You” or “you” is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
|
||
50:11 sq4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The joy of the people of Babylon is compared to a calf who runs around joyfully in a pasture. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
50:11 ef11 0 the action a calf makes when kicking the ground
|
||
50:11 e4bz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The people of Babylon are compared to stallions that are making loud noises because they are excited. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
50:12 a827 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns 0 The word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
|
||
50:12 i83h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of her embarrassment. The words “mother” and “the one who bore you” refer either to Babylonia or to the city of Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
50:12 n6mv 0 “the most unimportant nation”
|
||
50:12 crm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These words have basically the same meaning and emphasize the complete barrenness of the land. Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor for an uninhabited place or (2) this refers to Babylon literally becoming a barren wilderness. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
50:13 mm1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “devastation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
50:13 fl2h 0 shake violently due to fear
|
||
50:13 tj8m 0 make a sound like a snake that means great disapproval
|
||
50:14 z26z 0 Yahweh tells the other nations to attack Babylon.
|
||
50:14 wrr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon arrange yourselves against her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
50:14 p1p9 0 “Line up in military formation” or “Form battle lines”
|
||
50:14 z8c6 0 This refers to the soldiers who use bows and arrows to fight.
|
||
50:14 m55f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “shoot at the people in the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
50:14 a1ig 0 This emphasizes that they should shoot all their arrows. Alternate translation: “Shoot every one of your arrows at her”
|
||
50:14 x188 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
50:15 smz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “The people of Babylon have surrendered … they have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
50:15 ke5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Jeremiah speaks of the city of Babylon as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the towers of the city … the walls of the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
50:15 pwd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the nations have torn down her walls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
50:16 xev6 0 Yahweh continues to tell the other nations to attack Babylon.
|
||
50:16 jvv6 0 These people collectively represent all the farmers and harvesters of Babylon.
|
||
50:16 ifx7 0 A “sickle” is a farm tool that people use to harvest grain. Together with the previous phrase, Yahweh is saying that all planting and harvesting will stop in Babylon.
|
||
50:16 m3vk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they strengthen the command for foreigners to flee from Babylon back to their own countries. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
50:16 eg2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “sword” refers to the armies that will attack Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
50:17 g6hw 0 Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about Israel.
|
||
50:17 n1nd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of Israel as if it were a sheep that was trying to escape from hungry lions. This metaphor can be stated as a simile and in active form. Alternate translation: “Israel is like a sheep that lions scattered and drove away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
50:17 r7en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers collectively to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
50:17 n5qc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers to the army of the king of Assyria. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
50:17 ux4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The destruction of Israel by Assyria is spoken of as if Israel were a sheep that Assyria ate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
50:17 rfs4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers to the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
50:17 uqu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The destruction of Israel by Nebuchadnezzar is spoken of if it were a sheep which had its bones crushed by a lion. Alternate translation: “destroyed Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
50:18 g9kd 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
50:18 v4k1 0 The word “See” means to pay special attention to what follows.
|
||
50:18 wg6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land of Babylon. Alternate translation: “the Babylonian people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
50:19 xb8l 0 Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about Israel.
|
||
50:19 wz33 0 The word “I” refers to Yahweh.
|
||
50:19 gp73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers collectively to all the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel to their homeland … they will be satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
50:19 tl27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Israel is spoken of as if they were sheep that eat grass. Alternate translation: “they will eat food that grows in Carmel and Bashan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
50:20 aqy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that future time. See how you translated this in as [Jeremiah 33:15](../33/15.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
50:20 pw89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two lines mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that Yahweh will completely forgive the sins of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
50:20 vxj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will look for iniquity in the people of Israel, but will not find any” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
50:20 k64e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 They will escape the destruction of Babylon. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “that I allow to escape the destruction of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
50:21 v5u9 0 Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about the enemies of Babylon.
|
||
50:21 ajt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, arise against the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
50:21 bqj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is another name for Babylon. This is a name that means “double rebellion.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
50:21 wh45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is another name for the Chaldeans. This is a name that means “visitation.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
50:21 h6k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers to having a sword come down on people to kill them. Alternate translation: “Kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
50:21 x5j6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “sword” represents war. Yahweh speaks of Babylon’s enemies killing them in battle as if he were placing those people under the sword’s power. Alternate translation: “Kill them in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
50:22 aq6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 These sounds are heard during battle and great destruction. They are spoken of in the present tense to indicate that this will certainly happen soon. Alternate translation: “The sounds of fierce battle and terrible destruction are going to happen soon in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
50:23 y8x3 0 Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon.
|
||
50:23 vq6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The army of Babylon is spoken of as if it were a hammer. The destruction of this army is spoken of as if the hammer was to be cut up and destroyed. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “The mighty army of Babylon that conquered all the nations is like a hammer that will be broken into pieces and destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
50:23 gzv9 0 Babylon was a nation like the other nations, but it will become a complete ruin, totally destroyed.
|
||
50:24 kl72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The destruction of Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh had caught them in a trap like an animal. Alternate translation: “I set a trap and caught you in it as a hunter catches an animal” or “You people of Babylon, I have set a trap for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
50:24 hn79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have captured you … I found you and captured you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
50:25 v2ka rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh’s anger that causes him to send enemies against Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh had an armory and weapons. To open an armory is a metonym for preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has prepared for war and is sending the nations to attack Babylon in his anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
50:25 qd2z 0 this is a building or room where weapons of war are stored
|
||
50:26 ek5x 0 Yahweh speaks to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, attack her from far away”
|
||
50:26 h3rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “granaries” represent where Babylon stored its treasures. Alternate translation: “Raid the places where her treasures are stored” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
50:26 p24s 0 buildings where grain is stored
|
||
50:26 kge6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Possible meanings are (1) reduce the city to piles of rubble that look like stacks of grain or (2) stack up the plunder from the city like piles of grain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
50:26 k8z3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means to destroy something completely. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:9](../25/09.md). Alternate translation: “destroy her completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
50:26 uq7q 0 This is stated in a negative way to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. Alternate translation: “Kill every person in her”
|
||
50:27 n3yb 0 Yahweh continues telling how to destroy the people of Babylon and Chaldea.
|
||
50:27 wv75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meaning of “bulls” is (1) soldiers or (2) strong young men. Killing them is spoken of as taking them to a place of slaughter. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
50:27 e5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Yahweh speaks this to the enemies of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, kill all her bulls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
50:27 k3c1 0 The word “her” refers to Babylon.
|
||
50:27 jtx6 0 The word “them” and “their” refer to the people of Babylon.
|
||
50:27 h2tx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The phrases “their day” and “the time” mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “the time for their punishment has come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
50:28 tx67 0 “Listen and you will hear those who are fleeing”
|
||
50:28 i7g2 0 The words “those” and “These” refer to the survivors from Babylon who will tell others about Yahweh’s vengeance.
|
||
50:28 e143 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “vengeance” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God has taken revenge for what they did to Zion and to his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
50:29 a82b 0 Yahweh continues telling how to destroy the people of Babylon and Chaldea.
|
||
50:29 uhm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These phrases refer to the same people and are repeated for poetic effect. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
50:29 riq5 0 The words “her” and “she” refer to Babylon.
|
||
50:29 gm1z 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “capture or kill every person”
|
||
50:29 dr67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The evil things the Babylonians did to Israel are spoken of as if Babylon measured them. Alternate translation: “Measure out punishment for her with the same amount she used to punish Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
50:30 yd19 0 “they will kill her young men”
|
||
50:30 tu9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will destroy all her fighting men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
50:30 du7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
50:31 wr6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Yahweh speaks this to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “See, I am against you, people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
50:31 t5id 0 This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows.
|
||
50:31 jxp6 0 This is Yahweh’s description of Babylon.
|
||
50:31 axv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. The second phrase defines the “day” that the first phrase mentions. Alternate translation: “for the day when I will punish you has come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
50:31 n6p7 0 “your time.” This refers to the entire span of time during which the horrible judgment will come upon Babylon.
|
||
50:32 rvn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “stumble and fall” are idioms that refer to defeat and death. Alternate translation: “I will cause enemies to defeat and kill the proud ones” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
50:32 vwn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Fire burning the cities of Babylon is spoken of as if the fire were an animal that ate them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
50:32 sgv3 0 Here “him” refers to the “proud one” which describes Babylon.
|
||
50:33 avf9 0 Yahweh now speaks through Jeremiah about Israel and Judah.
|
||
50:33 xl6p 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
50:33 gnz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Babylonians are oppressing the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
50:33 k2wh 0 The word “them” refers to the people of Israel and Judah who were captured and taken into exile.
|
||
50:34 id2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a lawyer who represents the people of Israel in court. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
50:34 bc96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “the land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “in order that the people who live in Israel might live in peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
50:34 d2c4 0 These two terms represent opposite ideas and bring a strong contrast to how Yahweh will treat Israel and Babylon.
|
||
50:34 m3i6 0 “give peace”
|
||
50:35 ayk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to … and to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
50:35 ai3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
50:36 u7pl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
50:36 v1iv 0 “Their actions are foolish, and everyone will see that they are fools”
|
||
50:36 fve6 0 “they will be terrified”
|
||
50:37 d4gj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
50:37 ts2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The weakness of the Babylonian soldiers is spoken of as if they were women. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “they will all become as weak as women” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
50:37 j5zb 0 A storeroom is a place where supplies or valuables are kept.
|
||
50:37 fkg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers will plunder them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
50:38 kbz3 0 “A drought will soon happen that will affect all her waters”
|
||
50:38 tww1 0 Here “waters” represent all the sources of water for the Babylonians, especially the river that went through the city.
|
||
50:39 tq6w 0 Possible meanings are (1) “wild animals and hyenas” or (2) “wild demons and evil spirits.”
|
||
50:39 i9i9 0 A jackal is a wild dog found in Asia and Africa.
|
||
50:39 qe4b 0 very large African birds that run fast but cannot fly. Some versions translate this as “owl.”
|
||
50:39 e1qh 0 The word “her” refers to Babylon.
|
||
50:39 d5ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Babylon will be completely uninhabited. Alternate translation: “People will never live there again; it will be uninhabited forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
50:39 y9d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will live in her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
50:40 r3e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Babylon will be completely uninhabited. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “no one will ever live there again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
50:41 us4n 0 These verses are almost identical to [Jeremiah 6:22](../06/22.md) and [Jeremiah 6:23](../06/23.md). See how you translated those verses.
|
||
50:41 p4d1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “See, people of Babylon, a people is coming” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
50:41 n3n8 0 “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: a people”
|
||
50:41 m77s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 This phrase refers to the time when the Medes and Persians conquered Babylon in 539 BC. Here “nation” represents their armies. Alternate translation: “the armies of a great nation and many kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
50:41 qf6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Being “stirred up” represents being urged to take action. Alternate translation: “are preparing to come from the most distant places on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
50:42 fw6p 0 “The soldiers will carry bows and spears”
|
||
50:42 d5r3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the sea. Alternate translation: “The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
50:42 y1tc 0 The phrase “set out in order” means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase “as men for battle” indicates that they are ready to fight. Alternate translation: “they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight”
|
||
50:42 yn6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This phrase refers to the Babylonian people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
50:43 r3fu 0 This verse is almost identical to [Jeremiah 6:24](../06/24.md). See how you translated that verse.
|
||
50:43 y1du 0 “his hands were weak because he was anxious”
|
||
50:43 um5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if anguish grabs the king of Babylon. Alternate translation: “He felt terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
50:43 uui8 0 suffering and grief that would bring a person to tears
|
||
50:43 j129 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman who is about to give birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
50:44 mn9k 0 This verse is almost identical to [Jeremiah 49:19](../49/19.md). See how you translated that verse.
|
||
50:44 g65t 0 The word “Behold” here tells the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention!”
|
||
50:44 u7tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “When I punish the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of mountains and attacks sheep in the pasture” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
50:44 bst6 0 This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass.
|
||
50:44 uiu8 0 Here “them” refers to the Babylonian people; the word “it” refers to the invasion.
|
||
50:44 wgy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom I will choose” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
50:44 g8wy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that no one is like him. Alternate translation: “For no one is like me, no one can summon me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
50:44 vd1u 0 “who will challenge me” or “who will call me to account”
|
||
50:44 ume1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses this question to show no one can defeat him. Here “shepherd” is a metaphor for “king” or “ruler.” Alternate translation: “No king is able to resist me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
50:45 h7vf 0 These verses are almost identical to [Jeremiah 49:20](../49/20.md) and [Jeremiah 49:21](../49/21.md). See how you translated those verses.
|
||
50:45 bl7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the plans that Yahweh has decided for the people of Babylon and the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
50:45 e83p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Babylon as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will drag them away, even the smallest flock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
50:45 dja3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the youngest and weakest people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the smallest flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “even the youngest and weakest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
50:45 fwh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the land of Babylonia is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places” or “He will completely destroy the people who live there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
50:46 q28h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This phrase compares the fall of the once powerful nation of Babylon to the extremely loud noise of an earthquake. Alternate translation: “The fall of Babylon will sound like a mighty earthquake” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
50:46 sue1 0 pain or unhappiness
|
||
50:46 y112 0 “their shout of pain”
|
||
51:intro e537 0 # Jeremiah 51 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 51:1-64.\n\nThe prophesied destruction of Babylon continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n### Babylon destroyed\n\nBabylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]])\n\n### Covenant with Abraham\nBabylon is destroyed because it drove the people of Judah from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham’s descendants. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
|
||
51:1 bz33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry 0 Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
51:1 mgs4 0 This draws attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” or “Pay attention”
|
||
51:1 az5v 0 Possible meanings are (1) “a wind that destroys” or (2) “the spirit of a destroyer.” This would mean that Yahweh would cause or inspire the enemy army to go and attack Babylon.
|
||
51:1 br1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is code name for Chaldea, a region of Babylonia. It is not clear why Jeremiah uses this name here, so you may want to translate as “Chaldea” or “Babylonia.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
51:2 bdq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “her,” a metaphor that refers to Babylon as if it were a woman, is also a metonym for the people who live in Babylon. Alternate translation: “separate the people who live there from each other, send them in different directions, and make their land empty … foreigners will attack the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
51:2 w4jj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “day of” is a Hebrew idiom for “when.” Alternate translation: “when I destroy Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
51:3 yl8g 0 Yahweh wants the attack to be so sudden that the archers have no time to prepare for battle.
|
||
51:4 u6a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the attackers kill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
51:5 u9ey rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The words “Israel” and “Judah” are metonyms for the people of Israel and Judah. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts, the God of the people of Israel and Judah, has not forsaken them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
51:5 t4nl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The land in which they live is spoken of as if it were a container and their offenses as if they were solid objects that could fill the container. The abstract noun “offenses” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “they have offended the Holy One of Israel everywhere throughout the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
51:6 ht2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. The word “iniquity” is a metonym for God punishing the people for their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when Yahweh punishes Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
51:6 dia4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman, and the iniquity of the people is spoken of as if Yahweh needed to pay back a debt. The word “her,” meaning Babylon, is a metonym for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will punish the Babylonians as much as they deserve” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
51:7 tj8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “world” is a metonym for the people living in the nations surrounding Babylon. Possible meanings are (1) Making those people drunk could be a metaphor for Yahweh punishing those nations by allowing Babylon to conquer them. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a strong nation that Yahweh used to punish all the people of the surrounding nations severely” or (2) It could be a metaphor for those nations joining Babylon in worshiping idols and being violent. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a rich and powerful nation, and other nations wanted to become sinful just like it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
51:7 bqq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Babylon being a powerful nation that Yahweh used for his own purposes is spoken of as if Babylon were a golden cup in his hand. Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
51:7 ye28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Possible meanings are (1) “Babylon defeated and destroyed other nations” or (2) “nations enjoyed her riches and power and became evil.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:7 s9ql 0 unable to think clearly
|
||
51:8 zm1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will destroy Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
51:8 rer2 0 to make a long, loud cry that shows that the person is sad
|
||
51:8 l2ej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “perhaps Yahweh can heal her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
51:9 v18i 0 Yahweh used Babylon to punish Judah and the nation. It is either the people of Judah or the people of the nations who are speaking the words in this quotation.
|
||
51:9 cl11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The name of the city is a metonym for the people who live there, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … they are not healed … leave them … their guilt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:9 xi9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “we have not been able to heal her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
51:9 r4vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Guilt is spoken of as if it were an object that could be made into a pile. The words “to the heavens” and “to the clouds” are an exaggeration for something that is very high. Alternate translation: “For Babylon is so very guilty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
51:10 sgl7 0 Yahweh had punished the Israelites for their sins, but now has let them return to him.
|
||
51:11 np2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe 0 Jeremiah is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon and their enemies, who cannot hear him, telling them that Yahweh will destroy Babylon before the Babylonians can prepare to defend themselves. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
|
||
51:12 jt7x 0 “Give a signal to attack Babylon’s walls”
|
||
51:12 udw5 0 “make sure the guards are strong and have good weapons”
|
||
51:12 usv8 0 “make sure there are enough men watching the city”
|
||
51:12 rs5j 0 This was done in order to catch anyone running from the city.
|
||
51:13 n6b4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe 0 Jeremiah continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon, who cannot hear him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
|
||
51:13 s2hm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The people’s lives are spoken of as if they were threads that God could cut. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your lives will be ended quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
51:14 tqq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The large number of enemy soldiers is spoken of as if they were a mass of locusts invading the city. Alternate translation: “with a large number of soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
51:14 mxl6 0 This is a shout that a soldier makes in battle.
|
||
51:16 hr5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 These phrases compare the voice of Yahweh to the loud sound made by thunder and rain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:16 f1vn 0 A storehouse is a building where people keep things they might want to use in the future.
|
||
51:17 w7tq 0 Translate many of the words in this verse as in [Jeremiah 10:14](../10/14.md).
|
||
51:17 r1wa 0 “is lacking knowledge” or “does not know”
|
||
51:17 vgb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Every metalworker’s idols put him to shame” or “As for every metalworker, his idols shame him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
51:18 qxg3 0 Translate many of the words in this verse as in [Jeremiah 10:15](../10/15.md).
|
||
51:18 ux1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. Alternate translation: “there will be a time when God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
51:19 rd4k 0 Translate many of the words in this verse as in [Jeremiah 10:16](../10/16.md).
|
||
51:19 mei8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Jacob” represents the people of Israel. God being their “portion” is an idiom that means that they worship him. Alternate translation: “the portion of Israel” or “whom the people of Israel worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
51:19 dwl8 0 “the creator of all things” or “the one who created all things”
|
||
51:19 st72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Israel belongs to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:20 f9ni 0 “You, the Babylonian army, are”
|
||
51:20 ap1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. Alternate translation: “With you I will punish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:20 k6w9 0 “I will use you to”
|
||
51:22 b82y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:20](../51/20.md). Alternate translation: “With you I will punish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:22 n6g5 0 “I will use you to.” See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:20](../51/20.md).
|
||
51:24 rf4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “sight” can be expressed with the verb “see.” Alternate translation: “you will see it when I pay” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
51:24 r6wa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
51:25 n2fb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe 0 Yahweh speaks to the people of Jerusalem, who could hear him, as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon, who could not hear him. He speaks to the city of Babylon as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon itself. He speaks of the city as if it were a mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:25 gfh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. See how “I will attack the inhabitants of the land with my hand” is translated in [Jeremiah 6:12](../06/12.md). Alternate translation: “I will use my strength to attack you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
51:25 pu56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh stops speaking of Babylon as a mountain and speaks of it as a building that he is breaking down and throwing away. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:25 f3es 0 A cliff is the steep side of a mountain or hill.
|
||
51:25 tb96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh speaks of Babylon as no longer being the great “mountain of destruction” but now a mountain that he has destroyed. Alternate translation: “I will … make you a pile of useless rocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:25 b8fv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
51:26 pw6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “devastation” can be translated as a verb “devastate.” Alternate translation: “I will devastate you and no one will ever rebuild you” or “I will turn you into an empty place where no one will ever live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
51:27 rw7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Lifting a banner and blowing a trumpet are both ways of calling people to attack. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
51:27 hw53 0 “battle flag.” This is large flag for the soldiers to follow in battle.
|
||
51:27 wq6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon, and it is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “attack the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:27 hkx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of nations or people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
51:27 w3wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Yahweh compares a great number of horses to a swarm of locusts. Alternate translation: “bring many horses with soldiers quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
51:28 hs9h 0 See how you translated these words in [Jeremiah 51:23](../51/23.md).
|
||
51:29 s84v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The land is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Shaking and being in anguish are metonyms for being very afraid. Alternate translation: “the people who live in Babylon will shake with fear and be in anguish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
51:29 nf9p 0 suffering and grief that would bring a person to tears
|
||
51:29 vd9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “against the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
51:29 d6kr 0 “no one lives”
|
||
51:30 a6hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture 0 Yahweh speaks of what will happen as if it had already happened. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
|
||
51:30 l7ic rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the homes in the city are on fire, the bars of the city gates are broken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:31 wh3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemies have overcome the whole city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
51:32 j8z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemies have taken control of all the fords over the river” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
51:32 u4eq 0 shallow parts of a river where people can walk across
|
||
51:32 a1kx 0 places with shallow water and grasses growing in deep mud
|
||
51:32 gpu4 0 unable to think clearly
|
||
51:33 yz8h 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
51:33 mic2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Daughter of Babylon” here is another name for the people who live in Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
51:33 w9he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 People thresh grain by trampling it on a threshing floor, and Yahweh speaks of people punishing the daughter of Babylon as if they were threshing grain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
51:33 h2d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh punishing the daughter of Babylon is spoken of as if he were trampling and threshing grain on a threshing floor. Alternate translation: “It is time to punish her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:33 i4ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The harvest is a metaphor for the result of the actions that the people did before. Babylon will experience the result of its people’s sins. Alternate translation: “God will punish her for her sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:34 e1t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The speaker speaks as if he were a woman. The woman is a metaphor for the city of Jerusalem, which in turn is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
51:34 re9d 0 Possible meanings are (1) “he has caused me to be unable to think clearly” or (2) “he has crushed me.”
|
||
51:34 v2wg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Babylon has taken everything from Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:34 v4f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Here Babylon is compared to a monster. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
51:34 k3yc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Jerusalem compares its destruction to being swallowed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:34 g9pi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This continues to speak of Babylon as if it were a monster. This states in another way the previous idea that Babylon has taken everything from Israel. Here “foods” represents all the good things that were there before. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
51:34 uc2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Nebuchadnezzar took what he wanted and spit out what he did not want. Alternate translation: “he has vomited me up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:35 v7aa 0 “She who lives in Zion”
|
||
51:35 x9kf 0 All of these phrases refer to a woman.
|
||
51:35 pj1v 0 “people who live in Chaldea”
|
||
51:36 s6hs 0 This begins Yahweh’s reply to Jerusalem’s request in verses 34 and 35.
|
||
51:36 duw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh defending his people is spoken of as if he were a lawyer pleading their case in court. Alternate translation: “I will be like your lawyer to defend you and I will bring about vengeance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:37 srq7 0 buildings that have become piles of rock
|
||
51:37 fd8l 0 home for wild dogs
|
||
51:37 qax1 0 something that terrifies everyone who looks at it
|
||
51:37 k6wl 0 a sound people make to show that they dislike something very much
|
||
51:37 a91l 0 “no one lives”
|
||
51:38 ht1r 0 loud sound made by a lion
|
||
51:38 e66g 0 a sound animals make to frighten other animals
|
||
51:39 t613 0 As a soldier is happy when he defeats a strong enemy. Another possible meaning is “are very drunk” .
|
||
51:40 y454 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Lambs and goats do not know before it happens that people are going to slaughter them, and the Babylonians will not know before it happens that Yahweh is going to destroy them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
51:41 mjn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 The word “how” here shows that something that people thought was impossible has happened. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “We never thought that enemies could capture Babylon, but they have captured her … We never thought that Babylon could become a ruined place, but it has become a ruined place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
51:41 epv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The word “praise” is a metonym for the thing that people praised, and the word “earth” is a metonym for the people living on the earth. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemies have seized Babylon, the nation that everyone on earth praised” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
51:42 jlw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Babylon’s enemies have overcome her. “Waves” represent many people groups overcoming Babylon. The words “sea” and “water” often represent the nations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:42 xv1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Its roaring waves have covered her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
51:43 i1ik 0 “Babylon’s cities”
|
||
51:44 ua7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Bel was the main god of the Babylonians and represents the whole country and the people that worshiped it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
51:44 x7hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Yahweh compares all the sacrifices and offerings to Bel to things he ate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
51:44 b1d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The many nations that come to Babylon to sacrifice to Bel is spoken of as a river that moves along. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations will no longer come in large groups” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:46 e7mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when you hear the news that is in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
51:46 y5k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The ruler is a metonym for the nations under his control. Alternate translation: “Nations will fight against other nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
51:47 hlg9 0 “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
|
||
51:47 hh7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will punish” or “there will be a time … when I will punish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:47 x6k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Removing the idols of Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. Alternate translation: “I will remove the carved idols of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:47 m3al rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … their land … their slaughtered ones … their midst” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:48 r764 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “over the Babylonians … come for them … the Babylonians have made … their land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:48 a7da rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Heaven and earth are viewed as if they were people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
51:48 ry4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
51:49 y6sf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … their land … their slaughtered ones … their midst … over the Babylonians … come for them … the Babylonians have made … their land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:49 mh52 0 “those whom the Babylonians’ enemies have killed in the land”
|
||
51:50 rnu2 0 Jeremiah speaks to the Israelite people in verse 50.
|
||
51:50 v78z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The sword is a metonym for war, in which soldiers use swords. Alternate translation: “You who have survived the war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
51:50 esb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrases “Call … to mind” and “come to mind” are idioms that mean to think about or remember. Alternate translation: “Though you are far away, think about Yahweh; think about Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
51:51 l188 0 words that one person uses to offend another
|
||
51:51 u8ak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The speakers’ reaction to people expressing disapproval of them is spoken of as if it were a cover placed over the speakers’ faces. Alternate translation: “our faces show that we are hurt because others disapprove of us” or “we cover our faces in shame because others disapprove of us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:52 gq6f 0 “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
|
||
51:52 t1lg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in [Jeremiah 7:32](../07/32.md). Alternate translation: “in the future … I will punish” or “there will be a time … when I will punish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:52 ipn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
51:52 h25y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Removing or destroying idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. Alternate translation: “I will destroy her carved idols” or “I will remove her carved idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:52 c2dr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their carved idols … their land … the Babylonians … their highest fortresses … to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:52 z6xh 0 to cry out because of pain or sadness
|
||
51:53 i44x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their highest fortresses … to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:53 t773 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh does not expect to happen. Alternate translation: “Babylon will not go up … or fortify … destroyers will surely come from me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
|
||
51:54 j9es rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 The same thought is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
51:55 i691 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “destroying the people of Babylon … their loud voices” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:55 rb5t 0 “The enemies of the people of Babylon … the noise of the enemies”
|
||
51:55 hs3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The waves of the ocean and of flooding rivers make a loud sound, and the enemies will make a very loud sound as they come. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
51:56 bdd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “against the people of Babylon—yes, against Babylon!—and their warriors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:56 sx3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This phrase can be changed to have an active verb. Alternate translation: “her enemies have captured her warriors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
51:57 n6e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their princes, their sages, their officials, and their soldiers … their high gates … their aid … for them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:57 gc1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 They will be dead. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 51:39](../51/39.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
51:58 qv76 0 Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
|
||
51:58 nvh5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The invaders willl completely demolish the thick walls of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
51:58 v2lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The city of Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their high gates … their aid … for them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
51:58 ci1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will burn her high gates” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
51:58 pt5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will burn up everything that the nations try to do for her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
51:59 x35d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
51:59 r4gy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 “after he had been king for three years.” This “fourth” is the ordinal number for four. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
51:60 f3pz 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that he had written about Babylon”
|
||
51:62 ctw9 0 If your language has a word for animals that normally live with people, you might want to use it here, because [Jeremiah 51:37](../51/37.md) states that Babylon will be inhabited by wild animals.
|
||
51:64 rl23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The stone and scroll will disappear in the water, the water will destroy the scroll, and Babylon will no longer look like a city or have buildings for people to live in. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
51:64 eg18 0 “will never again be a city”
|
||
51:64 xm91 0 This means the Babylonians will fall because they are exhausted. Many translations do not include these words.
|
||
52:intro izf6 0 # Jeremiah 52 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe chapter returns to a previous sequence of events and records Babylon’s conquering of Judah. It also records the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
|
||
52:1 f3ew 0 Because of the words “Jeremiah’s words end here” in [Jeremiah 51:64](../51/64.md) and because the words here appear in other books of the Bible, many scholars believe that this chapter was written by someone other than Jeremiah and attached to the scroll that Jeremiah and Baruch wrote.
|
||
52:1 pmi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
52:1 w8zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
52:1 st4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This refers to another man named Jeremiah, not the prophet Jeremiah who wrote this book. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
52:2 f21w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
52:4 b8cu 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story.
|
||
52:4 zq3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 after Zedekiah had been king for eight years, in the tenth calendar month, on the tenth day of the month (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
52:4 utp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 “in year nine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
52:4 nk5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths 0 This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
52:4 s7id 0 “Nebuchadnezzar’s army camped opposite Jerusalem”
|
||
52:5 g791 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 until Zedekiah had been king for more than ten years (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
52:5 e3tj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 “year eleven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
52:5 ws36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “So they besieged the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
52:6 q88p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths 0 This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. The ninth day is near the beginning of July on Western calendars. Zedekiah had been king for ten years, three months, and eight days. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
52:6 b8bl 0 This refers to Jerusalem.
|
||
52:7 ns94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians broke through the wall around the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
52:7 e7li 0 the wall of the king’s garden and the wall of the city
|
||
52:8 w5xq 0 flat land
|
||
52:8 z99u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “the Chaldeans scattered his entire army” or (2) “all of his soldiers ran away in different directions.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
52:9 e3yw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
52:9 y478 0 “decided how to punish him”
|
||
52:10 rf5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah’s sons. Alternate translation: “forced Zedekiah to watch as the king of Babylon slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
52:11 xk3k 0 “the king’s men made Zedekiah blind.” Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah’s eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind.
|
||
52:11 wdy8 0 the day of Zedekiah’s death
|
||
52:12 e83x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths 0 Nebuchadnezzar had been king for eighteen years, four months, and nine days. This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. The tenth day is near the beginning of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
52:12 pz2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 “during year nineteen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
52:12 vd9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
52:12 jsf1 0 people whose job is to protect someone
|
||
52:15 g3nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
52:16 knn1 0 “the poorest people who lived on the land”
|
||
52:17 zsh6 0 This is a basin of water used in the worship of Yahweh.
|
||
52:21 spa2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance 0 A cubit was about 46 centimeters long. Alternate translation: “18 cubits … 12 cubits” or “about 8.3 meters … about 5.5 meters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
|
||
52:21 b7ll 0 The pillars had empty space inside them.
|
||
52:22 l1cn 0 This is the top part of each pillar.
|
||
52:22 f2ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance 0 A cubit was about 46 centimeters long. Alternate translation: “5 cubits” or “about 2.3 meters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
|
||
52:24 l5rv 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 36:26](../36/26.md).
|
||
52:24 z616 0 people who guard the gate of a city
|
||
52:25 vtf3 0 “forcing men to fight in the army”
|
||
52:26 ek3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
52:26 lq37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
52:28 l6dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
52:28 ty77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “three thousand and twenty-three” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
52:29 ag2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
52:29 st9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “teight hundred and thirty-two” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
52:30 kwp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
52:30 v4cr 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Jeremiah 39:9](../39/09.md).
|
||
52:30 yu52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “seven hundred and forty-five … four thousand six hundred” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
52:31 n2d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 after Jehoiachin had been an exile for more than 36 years (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
52:31 rb62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths 0 This is the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fifth day is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
|
||
52:31 d6ug 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story.
|
||
52:31 qhv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 He became the king of Babylon after Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
52:32 g37e 0 “Awel-Marduk spoke kindly to Jehoiachin”
|
||
52:32 bq2c 0 “a seat at the table that was closer to where Awel-Marduk sat”
|
||
52:33 fvq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The reader should understand that removing his prison clothes represents making him a free man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|