ml_tn/tn_JER.tsv at v0.3

773 KiB

Raw Permalink Blame History

1	Reference	ID	SupportReference	Note
2	front:intro	l3xj		Introduction to Jeremiah Part 1: General Introduction Outline of the Book of Jeremiah Yahweh calls Jeremiah to be a prophet (1:1-19) Yahweh will judge and punish Judah (2:1-29:32) Judah called to repent of spiritual adultery (2:1–6:30) Judah judged for its false religion (7:1–10:16) Jeremiah stands between Yahweh and his people (11:1–20:19) Jeremiah confronts his people (21:1–29:32) Yahweh promises to restore Judah (30:1-33:26) Yahweh will bring the people of Judah back to their land (30:1–24) Yahweh will create a new covenant with them (31:1–40) The people will come back (32:1–44) Kings descended from David will rule again (33:1–26) Jeremiah suffers (34:1-45:5) Before Yahweh punishes Judah (34:1–36:32) While Yahweh punishes Judah (37:1–39:18) After Yahweh punishes Judah (40:1–45:5) Yahweh will judge and punish the nations (46:1-51:64) Egypt (46:1–28) Philistia (47:1–28) Moab (48:1–47) Ammon (49:1–6) Edom (49:7–22) Damascus (49:23–27) Kedar (49:28–33) Elam (49:34–39) Babylonia (50:1–51:64) Jerusalem captured and destroyed (52:1–34) What is the Book of Jeremiah about? The Book of Jeremiah gives the prophesies of a priest named Jeremiah. It also tells how Jeremiah suffered in different ways while he prophesied. Jeremiah began prophesying about 626 B.C. After the death of King Josiah, many groups of people in Israel opposed Jeremiah. Some of these people wanted to depend on Egypt to protect the nation. Others were idol worshipers. They hated Jeremiah for denouncing their gods. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) During the reign of King Jehoiakim, Jeremiah prophesied about the temple of Yahweh. King Jehoiakim received some of these prophecies in writing and burned the document. The next king, Zedekiah, put Jeremiah in prison when he told the king to surrender to Babylon. King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia invaded Judah in 597 B.C. He conquered Jerusalem in 587 B.C. He offered Jeremiah housing and money if Jeremiah would go to Babylon. But Jeremiah remained in Jerusalem to help the few Jews left there. Shortly after that, Gedaliah, whom Nebuchadnezzar had chosen to be governor over Judah, was murdered. Some Jewish rebels captured Jeremiah and took him to Egypt. Those rebels went to Egypt to be protected there rather than to live under Nebuchadnezzar’s rule. Jeremiah may have died soon after being taken to Egypt. But while in Egypt he prophesied that the Babylonians would invade and conquer Egypt. How should the title of this book be translated? The traditional title of this book is “The Book of Jeremiah” or just “Jeremiah.” Translators may also call it the “The Book about Jeremiah” or “What the Prophet Jeremiah Said.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Who wrote the Book of Jeremiah? Jeremiah was a priest and a prophet living in Judah. He spoke the prophesies in the Book of Jeremiah. A friend named Baruch wrote down many of the prophecies as Jeremiah spoke them to him. Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts What is the new covenant that is presented in the Book of Jeremiah? Jeremiah introduced a “new covenant” between Yahweh and Israel (chapter 31). Yahweh would “write this covenant on the hearts” of the people. This means that the covenant would be a part of the people instead of just written on stone or paper. The people would obey the new covenant with all their heart. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) What relationship do Jeremiah’s prophecies have to the other nations besides Israel? Much of the Old Testament before this time is only about the nation of Israel. But Jeremiah also spoke of how Yahweh would judge other nations of the world. Yahweh would also punish the other nations for their wicked deeds. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Part 3: Important Translation Issues Are the events in the Book of Jeremiah told in the order that they actually happened? Many of the events in the Book of Jeremiah are not told in the order that they actually happened. Instead, the various prophecies appear to be arranged by topic. Why does the Book of Jeremiah refer to this prophet as “he” or “him”? Many times in the book, the author refers to Jeremiah as “Jeremiah” or “he.” This is unusual if Jeremiah wrote the book. The reason this occurs is perhaps because Baruch, Jeremiah’s secretary, wrote down some parts of the book. Translators should keep the words “Jeremiah” and “he.”
3	1:intro	e235		Jeremiah 01 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 1:4-10. Special concepts in this chapter Jeremiah appointed as prophet God chose Jeremiah to be his prophet and although many powerful people would be against him, God promised to protect him. This chapter emphasizes that Jeremiah was chosen by God to be his prophet. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) Northern kingdom This was not a reference to the northern kingdom of Israel; it had already been conquered. It was a reference to a kingdom located north of Judah, that is, to Babylon. The Babylonian armies would attack Judah and conquer it. Opposition The people were supposed to listen to God’s prophet. When he prophesied, they should have repented. Instead, they persecuted Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
4	1:1	zm8t		“Jeremiah son of Hilkiah. Jeremiah was one of the priests”
5	1:1	ynh2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6	1:1	hbs3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7	1:1	m9zz		“the land that belongs to the tribe of Benjamin”
8	1:2	qj8r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to him” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
9	1:2	tdx8		This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
10	1:2	gg1j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Josiah son of Amon was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11	1:2	xy18	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	The word “thirteenth” is the ordinal form of “13.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
12	1:2	bvz7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13	1:2	h452		“Josiah’s reign”
14	1:3	wl81	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	The word “eleventh” is the ordinal form of “11.”(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
15	1:3	vh91		“The word of Yahweh also came”
16	1:3	iba7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the time when a king reigned. Alternate translation: “when Johoiakim son of Josiah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
17	1:3	ui8x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
18	1:3	xqi2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This refers to the rule of Zedekiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “of the reign of Zedekiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19	1:3	g4f3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. It can be stated clearly that they were taken to Babylon. Alternate translation: “when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem away as prisoners” or “when the army of Babylon took the people of Jerusalem as prisoners to Babylon” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20	1:4	vzg7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
21	1:5	j2el		“shaped you”
22	1:5	f9sn		This can also be expressed without referring to the womb. Alternate translation: “before you were born”
23	1:6	x52n		Here “Ah” shows Jeremiah’s fear of doing what God has said.
24	1:6	j6eh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Jeremiah may have been exaggerating to show his fear of speaking in public. Alternate translation: “I do not know how to speak in public” or “I do not know how to make announcements to people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
25	1:8	r2iu		“Do not be afraid of the people I will send you to speak to”
26	1:8	jk96		The word “this” refers to what Yahweh just said in verses 7 and 8.
27	1:8	tfp9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
28	1:9	gq1r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor representing Yahweh giving Jeremiah special authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then it was as though Yahweh touched my mouth” or (2) Jeremiah was seeing a vision and Yahweh actually did this as a symbolic act of giving Jeremiah authority to speak. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh touched my mouth with his hand” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
29	1:9	sw5r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This phrase represents giving Jeremiah his message. Alternate translation: “I have given you my message for you to speak to the people” or “I have enabled you to tell the people my message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30	1:10	xz7w		Jeremiah would do these things to various nations by saying that they would happen.
31	1:10	k126		He would uproot, break down, destroy and overthrow some nations, and he would build and plant other nations.
32	1:10	hzc6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of Jeremiah destroying the nations by what he says as if the nations were plants and he were to pull them up out of the ground. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
33	1:10	vgg1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Jeremiah uses these words, which mean almost the same thing, to show that this will certainly happen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
34	1:10	q2dm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of Jeremiah causing nations to become strong as if they were a building and he would build them, and as if they were plants and he would plant them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
35	1:11	i5z1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘What” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘What” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
36	1:11	hmj4		Yahweh shows Jeremiah a spiritual vision.
37	1:11	zuu3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	An almond tree is a kind of nut tree. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
38	1:12	mr44	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This represents guaranteeing that he will do what he has said. Alternate translation: “I am remembering my word to carry it out” or “I guarantee that I will do what I have said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
39	1:12	s9ac		The Hebrew words for “almond” and “watch over” sound almost the same. God wants Jeremiah to remember that God will make his word succeed.
40	1:13	ntu1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “The word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
41	1:13	wx7m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The surface refers to the surface of the water in the pot. Jeremiah could see the water boiling. Alternate translation: “whose water is boiling” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
42	1:13	dy8k		This means that it was tipping toward the south, where Jeremiah was in Judah.
43	1:14	sxk1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	“Disaster will be let loose from the north.” This represents God causing disaster to come from the north to the south. Alternate translation: “Disaster will come from the north” or “I will send disaster from the north” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
44	1:15	ci59		Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about the disaster that would come from the north.
45	1:15	eu1c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	This generalization refers to the kings of the northern kingdoms. Alternate translation: “every king” or “all of the northern kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
46	1:15	duv8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are (1) this represents ruling over Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will rule at the gates of Jerusalem” or (2) this represents judging Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “will judge Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
47	1:15	j1zf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Setting their thrones “against all the walls that surround it” represents commanding their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “and they will command their armies to destroy the walls surrounding Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
48	1:15	d8i9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Setting their thrones “against all the cities of Judah” represents commanding their armies to destroy all the cities of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
49	1:16	gg7p		“I will announce how I will punish them”
50	1:16	wrh7		“I will pronounce sentence against the people of Judah”
51	1:16	s442		Since the people had made the idols with their own hands, they should have known that the idols are not worthy of worship.
52	1:17	k94h		Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
53	1:17	qw4v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “be shattered” represents being extremely afraid, and “shatter” represents causing Jeremiah to be extremely afraid. Alternate translation: “Do not be terrified … I will terrify you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
54	1:18	q32g		“Pay attention!”
55	1:18	k16n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Being strong like these things represents being confident and unchanging in saying what God had told him to say. Alternate translation: “I have made you strong against the whole land like a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
56	1:18	l1sl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	These were the strongest materials known at that time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
57	1:18	u7cf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This represents all the people of the land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
58	1:19	zp53		This refers to the people of Judah.
59	1:19	c3xx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
60	2:intro	cx16		Jeremiah 02 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:1-31. The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) Special concepts in this chapter The people refuse to learn The people worshiped other gods, particularly the fertility gods of Baal and Ashtoreth. Even when the nation was punished, the people did not learn. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Metaphor Israel is compared to a female camel or a wild donkey for being unstable and lustful. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
61	2:1	n8ww	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
62	2:2	g2d8		“Go and speak where the people in Jerusalem can hear you”
63	2:2	mz95		“I remember about you”
64	2:2	jw4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract nouns “faithfulness,” “youthfulness” and “love” can be expressed with the adjectives “faithful” and “young,” and the verb “love.” Alternate translation: “how, when you were young, you were faithful to our covenant, and how you loved me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
65	2:2	p3v3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of his relationship with the people of Israel as though they had been engaged to be married. Alternate translation: “when we first agreed that we would marry each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
66	2:2	gl65	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “the land where no one had sown seed” or “the land where no food was growing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
67	2:3	ubv5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of Israel as if they were an offering dedicated to God. Alternate translation: “like the firstfruits of his harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
68	2:3	b2kn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of those who attacked Israel as if they were eating the offering that was set apart for God. Alternate translation: “All who attacked Israel were held guilty like people who ate from the first fruits of his harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
69	2:3	j1qx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The phrase “came upon them” is a metaphor for happened to them. Alternate translation: “Disasters happened to them” or “I made terrible things happen to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
70	2:3	bei6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
71	2:4	u5jc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Jacob and Israel were two names for one man, and these two phrases refer to the same group of people. Alternate translation: “all you descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
72	2:4	gq5q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
73	2:4	p8u3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants, who had become the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
74	2:5	y22p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses these questions to say that since he has done no wrong, his people should not have rejected him and worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “I did nothing wrong to your forefathers, so they should not have gone far from following me, and they should not have gone after useless idols. By doing that they themselves have become useless!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
75	2:5	k654	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This represents rejecting God and refusing to be loyal to him. Alternate translation: “they rejected me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
76	2:5	p2c2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This represents choosing to be loyal to idols and worship them. Alternate translation: “they worshiped useless idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
77	2:5	ea5y		idols that people can use for nothing good. The translation should not make people think that there are some idols that are useful.
78	2:6	qj82	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that they should have said what follows. Alternate translation: “They should have said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
79	2:6	bj3g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people’s need of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need Yahweh. He is the one who brought us … Egypt.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
80	2:6	sb9y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This rhetorical question would have been used to show the people’s need of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need Yahweh. He is the one who led us … lives.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
81	2:6	xpu1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A “land of drought” is a land that does not have enough water. Here “deep darkness” is a metaphor for danger. Alternate translation: “a dangerous land where there is not enough water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
82	2:7	e78y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “you sinned and made the land I gave you disgusting to me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
83	2:7	z346	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “by sinning, you made my land no good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84	2:7	x8z6		“you made my inheritance disgusting by your sin” or “by sinning, you made my inheritance repulsive”
85	2:7	bs45	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are (1) God is speaking of his land as if he had inherited it. Alternate translation: “my land” or (2) God is speaking of the land he gave to Israel as if he had given it to them as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land I gave you” or “the land I gave you as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
86	2:8	kt1g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This question would have shown that they wanted to obey Yahweh. Alternate translation: “We need to obey Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
87	2:8	hl48		“were not committed to me” or “rejected me”
88	2:8	vv8y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The leaders are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people who followed them were sheep. Alternate translation: “Their leaders sinned against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
89	2:8	fs7t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “walked after” represents obeying or worshiping. Alternate translation: “obeyed unprofitable things” or “worshiped unprofitable things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90	2:8	b2si		Unprofitable things are things that cannot help a person. Here it refers to idols.
91	2:9	wb2t		“your future generations”
92	2:10	m3dc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kittim was an island west of Israel. Today it is called Cyprus. It represented all the lands far to the west of Israel. Alternate translation: “go west across the ocean to Kittim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
93	2:10	r42k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kedar is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. Alternate translation: “Send messengers far east to the land of Kedar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
94	2:11	g27j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God uses this question to tell the people of Israel that other nations continue to worship their own gods. They do not change and worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You will see that no nation has ever exchanged gods … gods.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
95	2:11	y4gc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Here God speaks as though he were not speaking directly to his people. Alternate translation: “But you, my people, have exchanged me, your glorious God, for what cannot help you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
96	2:11	ad5n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This expression refers to God himself, who is glorious. Alternate translation: “their glorious God” or “me, your glorious God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
97	2:11	i74r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here false gods are spoken of in terms of what they cannot do. Alternate translation: “for false gods, which cannot help” or “for gods who cannot help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
98	2:12	gfd1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
99	2:13	xga4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of himself as if he were springs of living waters. Alternate translation: “have abandoned me, their springs of living waters” or “have abandoned me, who is like springs of living water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
100	2:13	zfj3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of false gods as if they were cisterns that people dig in order to get water. Alternate translation: “have gone to false gods, which are like cisterns they have dug for themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
101	2:13	y6j8		deep holes for storing water
102	2:14	gf3q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Though Yahweh was speaking to the people of Israel, he used the third person as though he were talking to someone else about Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel, are you a slave? Were you born at home? So why have you become plunder?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
103	2:14	dz58	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses these questions to tell why Israel should not have become plunder. Alternate translation: “Israel is not a slave. Israel was not born at home.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
104	2:14	fp49	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “born in his master’s home” is metonym for being born into slavery. Alternate translation: “Was he born a slave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
105	2:14	d84g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this question to indicate that Israel should not have become plunder. Alternate translation: “So he should not have become plunder.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
106	2:14	gd7n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “become plunder” represents being attacked and taken as captives to another country. Alternate translation: “So why has Israel been taken away as captives” or “So why have Israel’s enemies taken Israel away as captives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
107	2:15	sra1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of Israel’s enemies attacking Israel as if the enemies were lions roaring and attacking Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
108	2:15	w8su	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This represents destroying the land in such a way that people will feel horror when they see it. Alternate translation: “destroyed Israel’s land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
109	2:15	bs9w		A roar is a loud sound that a wild animal makes when it attacks.
110	2:15	fgd1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They have destroyed Israel’s cities and now no one lives in them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
111	2:15	ph93		people who live in a certain place
112	2:16	z9t5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of two cities in Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
113	2:16	z84p		The Egyptians shaved the head of their slaves to mark them as slaves.
114	2:16	f67y		Some versions interpret the Hebrew text as “have cracked your skull.”
115	2:17	rh64	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this question to remind Israel that it is their own fault that their enemies attacked them. Alternate translation: “You caused this yourselves by abandoning Yahweh your God while he was leading you along the way.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
116	2:18	ksj8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses these questions to remind his people that it does not do any good to ask Egypt and Assyria to help them. Alternate translation: “It does not help you to go to Egypt and drink from the waters of the Shihor River, or to go to Assyria and drink from the waters of the Euphrates River.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
117	2:18	qic3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	These are a metaphor for asking the Egyptian and Assyrian armies to help them. Alternate translation: “why ask the Egyptians to help you … Why ask the Assyrians to help you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
118	2:18	b4bs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a stream associated with Egypt. It may have been a branch of the Nile River. Some versions call it the Nile. Alternate translation: “the Shihor Stream” or “the Shihor River” or “the Nile River” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
119	2:19	d7s4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Both of these phrases mean that their punishment is the result of their wicked behavior. Alternate translation: “Because you have been wicked and unfaithful, I will punish you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
120	2:19	r6k2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	Here the word “bitter” describes “wicked.” Alternate translation: “it is bitterly wicked” or “it is extremely wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
121	2:20	z744	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “broke your yoke” and “tore your fetters off you” are metaphors for setting them free from slavery. The people of Israel had been slaves in Egypt. Alternate translation: “Long ago I released you from slavery, but still you refused to worship me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
122	2:20	i6lm		chains used to restrain a person or an animal
123	2:20	e3b8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	What they bowed down to can be stated clearly. Here “adulterer” is a metaphor for someone who is unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “You bowed down to idols and worshiped them instead of me, like an adulterous wife who is unfaithful to her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
124	2:20	rwq2		below
125	2:21	ppz2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of making his people into a great nation in Canaan as if they were the seed of a grapevine that he had planted. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, started you with a very good beginning, like a farmer who uses excellent seed to plant the best kind of vine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126	2:21	w7eu		“a vine of very good quality”
127	2:21	ys3q		Here “pure seed” is the best seed that has not been mixed with seed that is not good. Alternate translation: “that grew from excellent seed”
128	2:21	ht1q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God uses this question to rebuke his people for changing and becoming like a corrupt worthless vine. Alternate translation: “But you have changed yourself into a corrupt, worthless vine!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
129	2:22	d3qb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what the Lord Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
130	2:23	njn2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying that they have not worshiped the Baals. Alternate translation: “You lie when you say, ‘I … have not walked after the Baals.’ (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
131	2:23	ga8k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
132	2:23	y5u9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were like a female camel running in different directions looking for a male camel to mate with. Alternate translation: “You are like a swift female camel running back and forth looking for a male camel to mate with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
133	2:23	uh3n		able to run quickly
134	2:24	vc12	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of Israel worshiping other gods as if they were a wild female donkey running to find male donkeys. Alternate translation: “You are like a young female donkey that lives in the desert. When she wants to mate she is out of control and constantly sniffs the breeze to find a mate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
135	2:24	ll6w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This phrase is an idiom referring to the time when a female donkey wants to mate with male donkeys. Alternate translation: “when she wants to mate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
136	2:24	e3r7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This question is used to emphasize that no one can control a female donkey when she is wants to mate with a male donkey. Alternate translation: “No one can turn her around when she wants to mate.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
137	2:25	j3xn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of Israel wanting to worship other gods as if they were running around in the desert looking for those gods. Alternate translation: “I have told you to stop running here and there chasing after false gods, because all that it does is wear out your sandals and make you very thirsty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
138	2:25	gpl8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	“There is no hope for us to restrain ourselves.” This implies that they cannot stop themselves from running after other gods. Alternate translation: “We cannot stop ourselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
139	2:25	zq2r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “strangers” represents foreign gods, and “go after them” represents worshiping them. Alternate translation: “We must follow after foreign gods and worship them!’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
140	2:26	i7vu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 2:4. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
141	2:26	amq4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom means that someone discovers that the person’s actions. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone finds him” or “when people know that he has stolen things” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
142	2:26	w6vi		This list shows that everyone belonging to Israel will be ashamed.
143	2:27	yi97	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “tree” and “stone” represent idols carved from wood and stone. These words emphasize that the idol was made of ordinary things and is not worthy of worship. Alternate translation: “These people are the ones who say to a carved piece of wood, ‘You are my father,’ and to a carved stone, ‘You gave birth to me.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
144	2:27	rzb7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	“their backs are toward me; their faces are not toward me.” This represents them rejecting God. Alternate translation: “they have turned away from me” or “they have turned their backs toward me and not their faces” or “they have completely rejected me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
145	2:27	v294	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It can be made clear that they say this to Yahweh. “Yahweh, come and save us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
146	2:28	dv1r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	With this question God implies that people should ask the gods they worship to help them. He uses this irony to show that he is angry that they worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You should ask the gods you made to help you.” or “You do not ask the gods you made to help you.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
147	2:28	bmg6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	God implies that false gods should help the people who worship them. He knows that false gods cannot help people. When he said this he was using irony to show that he was angry that his people worshiped false gods. Alternate translation: “You do not ask them because know you that they cannot save you in your time of troubles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
148	2:29	xa5m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
149	2:30	e8re	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “accept discipline” represents learning from discipline. Alternate translation: “They refused to learn from discipline” or “When I disciplined them, they refused to learn to obey me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
150	2:30	m3cp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of the people of Israel killing the prophets as if their sword were a lion that ate the prophets. Alternate translation: “You have killed the prophets brutally with your sword like a destructive lion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
151	2:30	px12		capable of causing a very large amount of damage
152	2:31	iyj9		The phrase “this generation” refers to the people who lived when Jeremiah lived. Alternate translation: “You who live today, pay attention to what I, Yahweh, say to you”
153	2:31	egz3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “a wilderness” and “a land of deep darkness” are metaphors for danger. God uses this question to rebuke the Israelites for behaving as though he had been dangerous. Alternate translation: “You act as though I have been like a wilderness or a land of deep darkness to you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
154	2:31	r2gx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God uses this question to rebuke his people for saying this. Alternate translation: “You my people say ‘We can go where we want to go and not worship Yahweh anymore.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
155	2:31	c46a		move around or go to different places usually without any particular purpose or direction
156	2:32	ajg9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The words “will” and “forget” are understood to be part of the second phrase also. Alternate translation: “Will a virgin forget her jewelry, and will a bride forget her veils” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
157	2:32	snl1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God uses this question to introduce the idea of remembering things that are important to someone. Alternate translation: “You know that a virgin would never forget to put on her jewelry, and a bride would never forget to put on her veils.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
158	2:32	el7h		“a very long time”
159	2:33	amu3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	God appears to be praising his people for looking for love, but this is irony. He was showing that he was angry with them for being unfaithful to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
160	2:33	sl8c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of his people worshiping other gods as if they were a woman who is unfaithful to her husband and is looking for other men to love her. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
161	2:33	ymk8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	God speaks of how unfaithful his people are to him as though they were even teaching prostitutes how to be unfaithful to their husbands and find other men to be their lovers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
162	2:34	t7iw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Blood on their clothes was evidence that they had killed people. Alternate translation: “The blood of innocent, poor people on your clothes shows that you are guilty of killing them” or “You are guilty of killing poor and innocent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
163	2:34	z8tn		“The blood that represents the life”
164	2:34	bb1t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	If they found people in an act of burglary, this might have been an excuse for killing them. But the people that they murdered were innocent. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You did not discover these people stealing things” or “But you killed them even though they were not even stealing anything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
165	2:35	w9ip	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Here anger is spoken of as if it were a person that could turn away from Israel. Its turning represents Yahweh’s stopping be angry with Israel. Alternate translation: “surely Yahweh has stopped being angry with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
166	2:35	w15i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “judgment” represents punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
167	2:36	vpy2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh is scolding the Israelites because they changed from one kingdom to another for help but did not rely on God for help. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
168	2:36	s2aj		without care or concern
169	2:36	gc4f		This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Egypt will also disappoint you”
170	2:36	jiq5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The people of Israel will be sad because the army of Egypt will not be able protect them. Alternate translation: “You will be disappointed when Egypt does not protect you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
171	2:36	f9em	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The word “disappointed” is understood from the previous phrase. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “just as you were disappointed by Assyria” or “just as Assyria disappointed you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
172	2:37	e943		“You will go out from Egypt”
173	2:37	tk5j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This is a symbol of shame. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
174	2:37	dzs3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so they will not help you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
175	3:intro	v6u2		Jeremiah 03 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:1-5, 12-17, 19-25. The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 2:1-3:5. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. The same is true for 3:19-4:3. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) Special concepts in this chapter Judah told to repent If Judah repents, God will bring the people back from the captivity into which he is going to send them. In this book, “Israel” serves as another name Judah because the northern kingdom of Israel no longer exists. The people group formed by these ten tribes had been scattered among the other nations by the Assyrians, who had conquered them. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) Adultery Judah’s faithlessness to God is often pictured as adultery. This is a common image in Scripture. When Judah does not worship God, their nation is spoken of as if it were a woman unfaithful to her husband. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
176	3:1	hll9		Yahweh continues speaking. This is part of the prophecy that he starts revealing to Jeremiah in Jeremiah 2:1.
177	3:1	b8c6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God uses this question to remind the people that a man would never return to his wife if another man marries her. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “he would not return to her again.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
178	3:1	wfd2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God uses this question to remind the people that a married man would not return to his wife if she married another man, because he knows that the land would become ceremonially unclean. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “He knows that if he did, the land would be greatly polluted.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
179	3:1	f5ac	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This is a metaphor for being terribly unacceptable to God. Alternate translation: “completely unacceptable to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
180	3:1	j8li	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	God speaks of Israel worshiping many idols as being like a woman having sex with many men. Alternate translation: “You have given your love and trust to idols the way a prostitute gives her body to men who are not her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
181	3:1	j5dl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
182	3:2	f7nj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “your eyes” represents looking at something. Alternate translation: “Look up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
183	3:2	d2qe	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of Israel worshiping idols as if they were a woman who had sex with many different men. He uses this question to tell the Israelites that he knows that they have worshiped idols everywhere. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no place where you have not had illicit sex!” or “As a whore sleeps with many men, you have worshiped your idols everywhere!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
184	3:2	tkw5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like a prostitute waiting by the road for any man to come along. Alternate translation: “Like a prostitutes waiting at the roadside for her lovers, you were eager to worship any idol you learned about” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
185	3:2	p75c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	God speaks of his people being eager to worship any idol as being like someone in the wilderness waiting for anyone to come along so he could rob them. Alternate translation: “like an Arab in the wilderness waiting for people he might rob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
186	3:2	h79r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	An Arab is a person from Arabia. Some Arabs lived as nomads in the desert and would rob others who came near them. Alternate translation: “a nomad in the wilderness” or “a robber in the wilderness” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
187	3:3	bza8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So I withheld the showers from you” or “So I prevented the rains from falling” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
188	3:3	ry2i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The arrogance showing on a person’s face is spoken of as if the face itself were arrogant. Alternate translation: “But the expression on your face shows that you arrogant, like the face of a prostitute” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
189	3:5	gxd9		The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you not” in verse 4 ends here.
190	3:5	tm6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you not” in verse 4 ends here. God uses this question to rebuke his people for calling out to him and saying these things. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have just called out to me: ‘My father … youth! Will he … to the end?’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
191	3:5	ks4c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	These questions express the people’s hope that God will not be angry with them forever. They can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Surely he will not always be angry. Surely he will not always keep his wrath to the end.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
192	3:5	ad4m		“pay attention” or “listen”
193	3:6	q6wm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God uses this question to draw Jeremiah’s attention to Israel’s faithlessness. It can be translated as a command or a statement. Alternate translation: “See how faithless Israel is to me.” or “You see how faithless Israel is to me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
194	3:6	pea6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The people of Israel are spoken of as if Israel were a woman. Alternate translation: “Israel’s people have gone up” or “They have gone up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
195	3:6	q6pr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	The tops of hills and under shade trees were common places for people to worship idols. The word “every” is used as a generalization to show that the people were worshiping idols in many different places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
196	3:6	r3ip	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	God speaks as of Israel worshiping idols as if she were a woman having sex with many men. Alternate translation: (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
197	3:7	wy1h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were sisters. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah, who also did not obey me, saw” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
198	3:8	nm9n		Yahweh continues to speak of Israel and Judah being unfaithful to him as if they were two sisters who were unfaithful wives.
199	3:8	k4ts		Something that a man writes to certify that he has divorced his wife.
200	3:9	l7vx		Here prostitution being “nothing” represents Judah not caring about it. Alternate translation: “She did not care about her prostitution” or “She was not ashamed of her prostitution”
201	3:9	t26n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “defiled” represents making the land unacceptable to God. They did this by sinning against him there when they worshiped idols. Alternate translation: “she made my land no good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
202	3:9	h9kk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “stones” and “trees” represent the stone and wood material that was used to create idols. The people’s idol worship is spoken of as if they were committing adultery. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
203	3:10	u38c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
204	3:11	cnw5		By calling Israel “more righteous” than Judah, God emphasizes that Judah is very guilty. Alternate translation: “Israel has been unfaithful to me, but Judah is even more guilty than Israel”
205	3:12	nc94	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the north represents the people of Israel who had been taken north to Assyria. Alternate translation: “Go and proclaim these words to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
206	3:13	vc3r		“Admit how you have sinned.” God was speaking to Israel.
207	3:13	afy2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The word “strangers” refers to foreign gods. God speaks of Israel worshiping foreign gods as if Israel were a woman who was having sex with strangers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
208	3:13	cyd5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	People would worship idols under trees. The word “every” is a generalization used to show that the people of Israel worshiped many gods under many different trees. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
209	3:13	n89f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
210	3:14	rfl1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of Israel belonging to him as if he were Israel’s husband. Alternate translation: “you belong to me as a wife belongs to her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
211	3:15	khd7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here God speaks of leaders as if they were shepherds and the people they led were sheep. Alternate translation: “I will give you leaders … they will lead you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
212	3:15	jfu5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “heart” represents Yahweh’s desire or will. The phrase “after my heart” is an idiom that describes people who do God’s will. Alternate translation: “shepherds who do my will” or “shepherds who do what I want” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
213	3:16	aah8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The word “you” refers to the people of Israel. The phrase “bear fruit” is a metaphor for having many descendants. Alternate translation: “you will increase greatly in number” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
214	3:16	dr84	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
215	3:16	p5dj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “come up in their hearts” represents thinking about it. Alternate translation: “They will no longer think of this matter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
216	3:17	i1da	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Yahweh’s throne” represents the place from where Yahweh rules. Alternate translation: “This is from where Yahweh rules” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
217	3:17	m3kn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of people’s actions as if the people were walking along a path. Here the word “hearts” represents their minds or wills. Alternate translation: “They will no longer stubbornly do the wicked things that they want to do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
218	3:18	nc4e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “walk with” represents being united. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be united with the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
219	3:18	gyl2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
220	3:18	f85t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
221	3:18	ni8b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of giving them the land to possess forever as if it were an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land that I gave to your ancestors so that it would belong to their descendants forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
222	3:19	mwz9		the word “me” refers to Yahweh
223	3:19	x77q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	This is an exclamation that expresses God’s desire. Alternate translation: “I want so much to treat you as my son … nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
224	3:19	fll8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	God speaks of Israel as if Israel were his son. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
225	3:19	h67j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of the land he wanted to give to Israel as if it were an inheritance. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
226	3:20	p93d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	God speaks of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she were an unfaithful wife. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
227	3:20	ay61	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “kingdom of Israel” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
228	3:20	y4z7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
229	3:21	jt6v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People hear a noise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
230	3:21	n3ty		“the people of Israel crying and begging loudly”
231	3:21	kza9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “have forgotten” represents neglecting or ignoring. Alternate translation: “They have ignored Yahweh their God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
232	3:22	y37e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are (1) “heal you of treachery” represents causing Israel to stop being unfaithful to God. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to stop being unfaithful to me” or (2) “heal you of treachery” represents forgiving Israel for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “I will forgive your treachery” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
233	3:22	n26k		“heal you so you will stop being unfaithful to me”
234	3:22	z8l6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	It is understood that this is what the people of Israel will say. Alternate translation: “The people will reply, ‘Behold! We will come to you” or “You will say “Behold! We will come to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
235	3:22	t3nz		“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
236	3:23	az6h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “the hills” represent the people’s worship of false gods on the hills. The people now realize that those false gods could not guide and help them. Alternate translation: “The false gods that we worshiped on the hills could not guide us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
237	3:23	uic1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	People made a lot of noise on the hills and mountains when they worshiped false gods. Alternate translation: “We made a confusing noise on the mountains while we worshiped them, but they did not help us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
238	3:23	n3uy		“surely Yahweh our God is the savior of Israel” or “surely Yahweh our God is the only one who can save Israel”
239	3:24	q1yv		This is a list of animals and people that the people of Israel had killed and offered to the idols.
240	3:25	qy9p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the people are fully aware of their shameful behavior. Alternate translation: “Let us be completely humiliated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
241	3:25	ny7e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Being fully aware of their shame is spoken of as if shame were covering them like a blanket or a garment. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
242	3:25	x6vr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are that (1) “the time of our youthfulness” refers to when each person was young. Alternate translation: “from when we were young” or (2) “the time of our youthfulness” is a metaphor that refers to when Israel was first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from when we were first becoming a nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
243	3:25	u638	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “listened” represents obeying, and “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. Alternate translation: “have not obeyed what Yahweh our God has said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
244	4:intro	yf6n		Jeremiah 04 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:1-9. The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 3:19-4:3. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s punishment This chapter prophecies Yahweh’s punishment on Judah. This should bring Judah to repentance, but it does not. It is also intended to make the nations fear the power of Yahweh and make them desire to worship him. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])
245	4:1	nmt1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Possible meanings are that (1) this is a command that emphasizes who they should return to. Alternate translation: “then come back to me” or “then worship me” (2) this is a repetition of the first phrase, which expresses a condition. Alternate translation: “if you will come back to me” or “if you will start worshiping me again” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
246	4:1	q5zm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “detestable things” refers to idols, which God hates. Alternate translation: “If you remove your disgusting idols from my presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
247	4:1	g7zg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “wander” is a metaphor for being unfaithful. Alternate translation: “if you remain faithful to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
248	4:2	qu22	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	“As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
249	4:2	i2an	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “the nations” is a metonym for people of other nations. The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, it can also be translated as “me.” Alternate translation: “people of other nations will bless themselves in me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
250	4:2	hbb7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “bless themselves in him” is a metonym for asking Yahweh to bless them. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations will ask Yahweh to bless them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
251	4:2	nkf4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Since Yahweh is speaking, “him” can also be translated as “me.” Alternate translation: “they will boast in me” or “they will praise me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
252	4:3	u4kd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh tells the people to prepare their lives like a farmer prepares the ground for planting. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
253	4:4	wva4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh describes the people’s devotion to him in terms of the physical sign of covenant. Alternate translation: “Dedicate yourselves completely to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
254	4:4	pp1f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
255	4:4	kf3t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Yahweh speaks of becoming extremely angry as if his anger were fire. Alternate translation: “my anger will burn like a fire and no one will be able to stop it” or “I will be extremely angry, and no one will be able to stop me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
256	4:4	tw9h		“great anger”
257	4:5	e8kp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
258	4:5	j19h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “cause the people in Jerusalem to hear it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
259	4:5	lrv2		The trumpet would warn the people that their enemies were coming to attack them.
260	4:5	n1n6		They would go to the fortified cities for protection from their enemies.
261	4:6	tf7e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These words mean basically the same thing. The phrase “a great collapse” defines what the “disaster” will be. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
262	4:6	xug6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This represents God sending an army from the north to cause disaster and destruction in Judah. Alternate translation: “for I will cause an army from the north to come and destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
263	4:6	d4sz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This represents an enemy army that would come from the north. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
264	4:7	a149	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of a powerful army as if it were a fierce lion. Alternate translation: “A powerful and merciless army approaches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
265	4:7	myr9		a set of bushes that grew closely together
266	4:7	lwr1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “someone” represents a king and his army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
267	4:7	w16d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom refers to starting to move. Alternate translation: “is starting to march” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
268	4:7	cix1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This represents destroying the land, which would cause people who see it to be horrified. Alternate translation: “to destroy your land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
269	4:8	q3kk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	People would wear sackcloth to show that they were very sad. In this context it would be to show that they were very sorry for the bad things they had done. Alternate translation: “put on the clothes that show you are mourning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
270	4:8	j7pi		cry loudly
271	4:8	pwd6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Anger is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could turn away from people. Here “Yahweh’s anger has not turned away from us” means that Yahweh is still very angry with the people. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is still very angry with us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
272	4:9	l39s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hearts” represent courage. Also “the hearts … will die” represents losing courage and being afraid. Alternate translation: “the king and his officials will stop being courageous” or “the king and his officials will be terrified” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
273	4:10	u3zu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Here enemies being ready to kill people is spoken of as if the sword was a person striking at people. Alternate translation: “our enemies are ready to slaughter us with their swords” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
274	4:11	eaf4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
275	4:11	l2gl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here a “burning wind” represents a fierce and merciless enemy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
276	4:11	apu1		“will travel” or “will rush”
277	4:11	c8vv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. Alternate translation: “my people, who are like a daughter to me” or “my dear people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
278	4:11	y4pq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “winnow” and “cleanse” refer to blowing away the useless skins from grain. Only a light wind was needed for that. Alternate translation: “It will not be a light wind for blowing the chaff away from the grain” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
279	4:12	xws1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	far stronger than the “burning wind” of verse 11. The wind is a metaphor for a fierce and merciless enemy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
280	4:12	s27n		“will come when I command it to come”
281	4:12	rx21		This expression in Hebrew is interpreted by some modern versions as “for me” or “from me.”
282	4:12	y377		“announce their punishment”
283	4:13	t3g7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The word “he” refers to the enemy king and his army. The great size of the army is spoken of as if they were giant storm clouds. Alternate translation: “See, great armies like giant clouds are gathering to attack” or “See, great armies are gathering to attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
284	4:13	y26t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The enemies’ chariots are spoken of as if they were like a storm. Storms can be noisy, destructive, and fast-moving. Alternate translation: “the roar of their chariots coming is like a fierce storm” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
285	4:13	pd5b		“This is terrible”
286	4:13	rkz7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for they will devastate us” or “for they will destroy us all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
287	4:14	n8cb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This is a warning to the people living in Jerusalem to repent. “Cleanse your heart” is a metaphor for removing evil from their lives. Alternate translation: “People of Jerusalem, stop being evil” or “People of Jerusalem, stop living wickedly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
288	4:14	wj5b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This question is used to rebuke the people for always planning how to sin. Alternate translation: “Your deepest thoughts are about how to sin!” or “You are always thinking about how to sin!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
289	4:15	ri3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “a voice” represents a messenger. Alternate translation: “a messenger comes and tells about what is happening in Dan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
290	4:15	w5rx		This probably refers to the region of Dan, which was west of Jerusalem.
291	4:15	mu7y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people hear about the disaster that is coming from Ephraim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
292	4:15	t4qv		By hearing that the enemies had gotten to Dan and Ephraim, people in Jerusalem would understand that the enemies were getting closer to them.
293	4:16	e4lv		Besiegers are soldiers who surround a city in order to keep the people in the city from being able to get supplies of food and water.
294	4:17	b2nh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Carefully guarding a city to keep people from going in and out is spoken of as if they are carefully watching a field to keep people from stealing from it. Alternate translation: “they will guard Jerusalem carefully like watchmen who carefully guard a cultivated field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
295	4:17	vj61	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Jerusalem was often spoken of as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
296	4:18	vwi9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Here “conduct” and “deeds” are spoken of as if they are people that could do things. These abstract nouns can be expressed with the phrase “what you have done.” Alternate translation: “These things are happening to you because of what you have done” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
297	4:18	xek6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “heart” probably refers to the emotions, and “strike your very heart” probably refers to causing them to suffer terribly. Alternate translation: “It will be as if it strikes your very heart” or “It will cause you to suffer terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
298	4:19	yrw5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “heart” represents painful emotions, such as grief and fear. The phrase is repeated to express the intensity of the pain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
299	4:19	zw89		The speaker feels severe emotional pain that causes severe physical pain.
300	4:19	l92y		“My heart is beating wildly.” Here “heart” refers to the body part. It is turbulent because it is beating much stronger and faster than normal.
301	4:19	a6je		full of confusion, violence, or disorder; not stable or steady
302	4:20	eaz9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Enemies have suddenly destroyed my tents” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
303	4:20	edb5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The words “are destroyed” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “my curtains are destroyed in a moment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
304	4:20	b4gs		Curtains are cloths that are hung to separate the rooms in the tents.
305	4:21	k2xu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jeremiah uses these questions to show his distress about seeing the battle flag and hearing the sound of the horn for such a long time. He wishes that the battle would end soon. It can be stated as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Oh, how I wish that the battle would end, and the flag would be lowered, and the sound of the army’s horn would stop” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
306	4:21	cy1e		“the battle flag”
307	4:21	bdm1		Someone would blow the horn as a signal for battle.
308	4:22	q9tl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It can be stated clearly that Yahweh says this. This is probably his reply to Jeremiah, telling why the battle is still happening. Alternate translation: “Yahweh replied, ‘It is because of the foolishness of my people … do not know to do good.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
309	4:22	ci3d		“stupid people”
310	4:23	lj51		Jeremiah describes a vision that God gave him about things that would happen later.
311	4:23	r4yf		The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
312	4:23	p6iz		This vision is a prophecy of what the land of Israel would be like after the people were all taken into captivity.
313	4:23	ex8r		“there were no lights in the sky”
314	4:26	y7ek		“all the cities had been destroyed” or “all the cities were a heap of ruins”
315	4:26	zkf9		This indicates that all these things would happen because Yahweh was so angry with the people of Judah.
316	4:27	zmu6		“All the land of Judah will be devastated” or “all the land of Judah will be ruined”
317	4:28	a8f6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Jeremiah emphasizes Yahweh’s judgment by saying that the earth itself expresses great sorrow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
318	4:28	p7nd		“I will not change my mind”
319	4:28	nz7a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “turn” represents deciding not to do what he said he would do. Alternate translation: “I will not change my mind about doing what I said I would do” or “I will not refuse to do what I planned to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
320	4:29	s7su	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “city” represents the people living in the city. Alternate translation: “The people of every city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
321	4:29	w9pv		a group of soldiers riding horses
322	4:29	q17v		They will run away to the forests for safety.
323	4:29	v4z8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two clauses have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Alternate translation: “The cities will be empty. There will be no one left to live in them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
324	4:30	dp7c		Yahweh speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute because they were unfaithful to him by worshiping other gods.
325	4:30	n253		Yahweh continues speaking to Judah.
326	4:30	cmv6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This question is used to tell the people of Judah that there is nothing they can do to help themselves. Alternate translation: “Now that your enemies have devastated you, there is nothing you can do to find help. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
327	4:30	r96u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	God speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute making herself look beautiful in order to attract men to her. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Like a prostitute you dress in scarlet … good jewelry … eyes … with paint” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
328	4:30	qfd4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “scarlet” represents expensive, red clothing. Alternate translation: “you wear expensive red clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
329	4:30	r71v		“you put on gold jewelry”
330	4:30	z4md	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of the nations that Judah had depended on for wealth and business as if they were men who lusted after Judah. Those nations would reject Judah when they see God’s judgment. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
331	4:30	vu5x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “trying to take your life away” represents trying to kill the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “They are trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
332	4:31	fqh9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This simile is used to show how greatly distressed Judah will be. Alternate translation: “severe distress as in the pain and suffering a woman has while giving birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
333	4:31	l6l7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God shows his love for the people of Jerusalem by speaking of them as a daughter. Alternate translation: “my dear daughter, Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
334	4:31	j9ka		“I am in great danger”
335	4:31	r56w		“I am becoming weak”
336	5:intro	hq1g		Jeremiah 05 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 5:1-31. Important figures of speech in this chapter Hyperbole It is possible that Yahweh is using the word “a” (meaning “even one”) as hyperbole when he states, “If you can find a man or anyone who is acting justly and trying to act faithfully, then I will forgive Jerusalem.” The purpose of this is to show how evil Jerusalem had become. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Rhetorical questions Yahweh asks several rhetorical questions in this chapter. This is intended to show Jeremiah the justness of his actions. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
337	5:1	wtq8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
338	5:1	a164		“Go quickly through the streets”
339	5:1	ig3t		“look and find out”
340	5:1	qf12		broad and open places in a city where people can gather
341	5:1	rhm7		“who does what is just”
342	5:2	y47l		The word “they” refers to the people of Jerusalem.
343	5:2	ey96	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	“as surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 4:2. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
344	5:3	cl5c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that what Yahweh really wants is faithfulness. Wanting people to be faithful is spoken of as looking for faithfulness. Alternate translation: “you look for faithfulness.” or “you want people to be faithful.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
345	5:3	dma9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God punished his people in various ways. Here it is spoken of as if he hit them. Alternate translation: “You punish the people, but they do not pay attention” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
346	5:3	bwd1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “to receive discipline” represents learning from discipline to do what is right. Alternate translation: “they still refuse to learn their lesson” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
347	5:3	v9en	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Hard faces represents the expression on their faces that shows that they are stubborn. The simile “harder than rock” shows that the people are extremely stubborn. Alternate translation: “They are extremely stubborn” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
348	5:4	ty12		Jeremiah is speaking.
349	5:5	mu9t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The yoke and chains represent the law which bind God and his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
350	5:6	d8ks	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	These are dangerous animals that can kill people. Possible meanings are that (1) this really is about wild animals killing people or (2) these wild animals are metaphors for enemy armies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
351	5:6	ei8j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	One possible meaning is that these are metaphors for enemy armies who will attack Judah. Alternate translation: “Like a lion from the thicket, a wolf from the Arabah, and a lurking panther, enemy armies will come against their cities, attack them, and destroy them. Anyone who goes outside his city will be killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
352	5:6	qkm7		a set of bushes that grew closely together.
353	5:6	a7xd		a large wild dangerous dog
354	5:6	nb63		watching for an opportunity to attack
355	5:6	jm2c		a large wild dangerous cat
356	5:6	eb17	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “transgressions” can be translated with the verb “sin.” Alternate translation: “For they sin much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
357	5:6	bl92	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract nouns in “acts of faithlessness” can be translated as “the faithless things they do.” Alternate translation: “The faithless things they do are many” or “They do many faithless things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
358	5:7	tgq4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he has no reason to pardon these people. Alternate translation: “Because of the things that they do, I cannot pardon these people.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
359	5:7	i1na		the people of Jerusalem
360	5:7	duz8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Yahweh is speaking to Jerusalem as though she were a woman who had children. Jerusalem’s “sons” represent the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
361	5:7	mvg1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Providing all they needed is spoken of as feeding them. Alternate translation: “I gave them everything they needed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
362	5:7	cc9s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This may be a metaphor for being unfaithful to God and worshiping idols, but idol worship also included prostitution. Alternate translation: “they were unfaithful to me and went in large numbers to the houses of prostitutes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
363	5:7	vq87		“went in large groups to the houses of prostitutes” or “large groups of them went to the houses of prostitutes”
364	5:8	m3wt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Because the God speaks of them as if they were horses that wanted to mate with other horses. Alternate translation: “They were like horses in heat … neighed to his neighbor’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
365	5:8	yq1u		ready to mate
366	5:8	u1ts		when animals breed to reproduce
367	5:8	hgv8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Male horses neigh loudly to female horses when they want to mate with them. Alternate translation: “Like horses who mate with more than one horse, these men wanted to sleep with other men’s wives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
368	5:9	i5z2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. Alternate translation: “Because they do these things, I will punish them … I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
369	5:9	l377	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
370	5:10	rwg3		Yahweh continues to speak. Here he speaks to the enemies of Israel.
371	5:10	uh17	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	In verses 10-13 Yahweh speaks to Israel’s enemies. This can be made clear in the quotation. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Israel, go up onto her vineyards’ terraces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
372	5:10	tnx6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of Israel and Judah as if they were a vineyard and the people there were vines. Alternate translation: “Go up into Israel and Judah, which are like a vineyard to me, and destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
373	5:10	q848		“do not completely destroy them”
374	5:10	dtf8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The word “their” refers to the vineyards. Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel and Judah as if they were vines. Alternate translation: “like farmers who trim the vines of a vineyard, you must remove many of the people of Israel and Judah, because they do not belong to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
375	5:11	r8hw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for a person’s descendants. In this case it refers to the people of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Alternate translation: “For the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
376	5:11	b2gh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
377	5:12	hy7p		“They have spoken falsely about Yahweh by saying”
378	5:12	i2ai	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two sentences say the same thing, the second is more specific than the first. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
379	5:12	b9kn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “come upon us” means “happen to us.” Alternate translation: “No harm will happen to us” or “no one will harm us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
380	5:12	g399	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “see” is a metaphor for experience, and “sword” is a metonym for war. Alternate translation: “we will not experience war or famine” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
381	5:13	b87v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “prophets” is a metonym that represents what the prophets say, and “wind” is a metaphor for something that does not do anything. Alternate translation: “The prophets words are just noisy wind” or “The prophets make noise like the wind, but what they prophesy will not happen” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
382	5:13	z6ye	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Here “the word” refers to God’s message. Alternate translation: “God’s message is not in them” or “the messages that they speak are not from God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
383	5:13	nhv2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It can be stated clearly what kinds of things the prophets were talking about. Alternate translation: “so let the harm that the prophets talk about come to them” or “since the prophets say that bad things will happen to us, let those bad things happen to the prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
384	5:14	r6t4		The word “you” refers to the people of Israel and Judah.
385	5:14	x6w7		See what the people said in Jeremiah 5:12.
386	5:14	pet2		“look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
387	5:14	e41j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “place my word in your mouth” represents causing Jeremiah to speak God’s message. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to speak my message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
388	5:14	bax7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Yahweh speaks of his message as if it were a fire, and of his people as if they were wood. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
389	5:14	th8l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	“For my message will consume them.” Yahweh’s message was about how he would punish his people, so he speaks as if his message would destroy them as a fire destroys wood. Alternate translation: “For when you speak my message, it will destroy the people of Israel as fire destroys wood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
390	5:15	hr3d		“to attack you.” The word “you” refers to the people of Israel.
391	5:15	w6v8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how long the nation has existed. This refers to the nation from far away that Yahweh will bring against Israel. Alternate translation: “it is a very old and enduring nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
392	5:15	f6kv		“an enduring nation” or “a very strong nation”
393	5:15	c9wc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the Israelites do not know the language of those people. It may imply that the Israelites have not had much contact with them. Alternate translation: “It is a nation whose language you will not understand at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
394	5:16	ub23		Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
395	5:16	yjs1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Its quiver” represents the enemy nation’s army, and the arrows in the quiver represent the soldiers in the army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
396	5:16	a4wr		a container for holding arrows
397	5:16	nsx2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	An open tomb is one that is prepared to have many dead bodies put in it. The enemy army will kill many people. Alternate translation: “That nation’s army will use their arrows and kill many people” or “Because of the arrows of its army, many people will die and be buried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
398	5:17	x18i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are that (1) their harvest and their food that was for their sons and daughters would be consumed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food for your sons and daughters will be consumed” or (2) their harvest, sons and daughters, and food would all be consumed. The idea of the sons and daughters being “consumed” would be a metaphor for killed. Alternate translation: “So your harvest and your food will be consumed, and your sons and daughters will be killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
399	5:17	ty62	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the army of that nation will eat the food that you expected to harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
400	5:17	ycw1		Possible meanings are that (1) the enemies would eat the food that the sons and daughters should eat, or (2) the enemies will destroy the sons and daughters and eat the food.
401	5:17	e76e		The word “They” refers to the army of that nation.
402	5:17	aj2t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The sword is a synecdoche for all of the different weapons that people use in war. Alternate translation: “They will use their weapons to conquer your strong cities that you trusted to protect you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
403	5:17	fe1b		Fortified cities had a wall around them to protect the people inside from their enemies outside.
404	5:17	evt5		“that you thought were strong enough to keep you safe”
405	5:18	hp6x		Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel and Jeremiah.
406	5:18	fq65		“will not destroy”
407	5:19	v6cs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The phrase “these things” refers to sending armies to attack them. Alternate translation: “done all these things to harm us” or “sent foreign armies to attack us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
408	5:19	f6pe	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “served foreign gods” represents worshiping foreign gods. God would punish them for serving foreign gods by making them serve foreign people. Alternate translation: “Because you … worshiped foreign gods in your land, you will have to serve foreigners” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
409	5:20	h8i5		Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
410	5:20	i1qw		“Tell this”
411	5:20	x88v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob’s descendants. Translate “house of Jacob” as in Jeremiah 2:4. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
412	5:20	c3ln	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be expressed in active from. Alternate translation: “Let those in Judah hear it” or “announce it in Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
413	5:21	huc3		“who do not understand” or “who understand nothing”
414	5:21	iqw3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “cannot see” is a metonym for not understanding. Alternate translation: “you do not understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
415	5:21	h6v9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “cannot hear” represents not understanding. “Alternate translation: “you do not understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
416	5:22	y6ba	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people are extremely foolish because they do not fear Yahweh. Alternate translation: “It is foolish that you do not fear me … face!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
417	5:22	u7l9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The trembling would be because of fear, and being “before my face” represents being aware of who God is. Alternate translation: “or shake with fear because of me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
418	5:22	l6nf		“I placed the sand as the border for the sea”
419	5:22	l23z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of the ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “an everlasting limit that it cannot cross” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
420	5:22	ayh2		“moves back and forth”
421	5:22	kd3c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	“the ocean does not violate my decree.” God speaks of ocean not going past the border of sand as if the border were a law, and as if the ocean were a person who obeys the law. Alternate translation: “it does not succeed in going past the border” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
422	5:23	ic83		Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
423	5:23	l32t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The people’s heart represents their attitude toward God. If Yahweh is speaking to the people, this can also be expressed with the word “you.” Alternate translation: “but you people have a stubborn heart. You turn” or “but you people are stubborn. You turn” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
424	5:23	cf4m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The word “it” refers to the people. Here “goes away” represents disobeying God. Alternate translation: “They rebel and disobey me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
425	5:24	s5r8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “their hearts” represent their thoughts, and “say” represents thinking. Alternate translation: “they do not think” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
426	5:24	k3at	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Here “keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest” represents making sure that those weeks happen at the right time. Alternate translation: “making sure for us that the weeks of harvest happen when they are supposed to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
427	5:25	g8i4		The word “Your” refers to the descendants of Jacob and the people of Judah.
428	5:25	kl5g		This refers to the rains and the harvests.
429	5:25	th39	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Good things “coming” represents good things happening. “Because of your sins, good things have stopped happening to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
430	5:26	k1ep		Yahweh continues to speak.
431	5:26	x9gl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For I have found wicked men among my people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
432	5:26	zk7i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	God speaks of wicked people wanting to harm someone as if they were waiting to capture birds. Alternate translation: “Like someone hiding and waiting to capture birds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
433	5:26	rv4u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of wicked people intentionally harming others as if they were setting a trap. Alternate translation: “They set things up so that they can take advantage of people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
434	5:27	qx63	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Here “deceit” represents the things that were taken by deceit. Alternate translation: Like a cage full of birds that a hunter has caught, wicked people’s houses are full of things that they have taken by deceiving people (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
435	5:27	ktf1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “large” represents powerful. Alternate translation: “these wicked people become powerful and rich” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
436	5:28	cw6j		Possible meanings are (1) their skin shines because of the healthy food they eat, or (2) their body is smooth because of the muscle and fat between their bones and skin. It indicates that they eat well.
437	5:28	plb9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Doing all kinds of wicked things is spoken of as if there were a boundary separating some wicked things from things that are even more wicked. Alternate translation: “They do all kinds of wicked things” or “They even do the most wicked things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
438	5:28	mc4l		“They do not plead with the rulers to give the people and the orphans what they need” or “They do not plead with the rulers to give justice to the people and the orphans”
439	5:28	fdb8		“they have not helped the needy by doing what is just for them”
440	5:29	pah8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will no have mercy but will punish them. See how you translated a similar sentence in Jeremiah 5:9. Alternate translation: “So I will punish them, this is Yahweh’s declaration. I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.”(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
441	5:29	s1ep	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
442	5:30	y4qb		Yahweh continues to speak.
443	5:30	jnz7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This can be stated more actively. Alternate translation: “People do terrible and horrible things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
444	5:30	a5il	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Here “the land” refers to the land of Israel.’ Alternate translation: “in the land of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
445	5:31	m6tl		These are the atrocities and horrors that are spoken of in verse 30.
446	5:31	jd9n		“The prophets prophesy lies” or “The prophets tell lies when they prophesy”
447	5:31	md9e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Possible meanings are (1) the priests do not submit to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “the priests rule by their own authority” or (2) the priests rule according to the directions of the prophets (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
448	5:31	lf6j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	“but what will you do at the end of all of this?” Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the people will regret being wicked when he punishes them for it. Alternate translation: “but in the end I will punish you and you will be regret your wicked behavior” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
449	6:intro	f4ic		Jeremiah 06 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 6:1-30. Special concepts in this chapter Gods and battle In the ancient Near East, it was commonly believed that a nation’s gods were responsible for military victory. It may have been believed that a god would not defend an evil city. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
450	6:1	h511		Yahweh is speaking.
451	6:1	f21l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “Find safety” represents doing what they can in order to be safe. Alternate translation: “Be safe … by leaving Jerusalem” or “Leave Jerusalem … so that you can be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
452	6:1	a8g6		This is who Yahweh was speaking to.
453	6:1	h78h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	A trumpet is used as a warning that people will be attacked. Alternate translation: “Blow a trumpet in Tekoa to warn the people that they will be attacked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
454	6:1	v1e9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a town about 18 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “a horn for blowing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
455	6:1	m5nz		Possible meanings are (1) the signal is smoke from a fire. Alternate translation: “Light a fire to send up smoke at Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming” or (2) the signal is a flag. Alternate translation: “Raise up a flag over the town of Beth Hakkerem to warn people about the enemy coming”
456	6:1	cj9u		the name of a town about 10 kilometers south of Jerusalem. The name means “the place of the vineyard.”
457	6:1	fa2a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “wickedness” represents disaster and the people who will cause it. Alternate translation: “enemies will come from the north and cause disaster to happen to you” or “enemies coming from the north will destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
458	6:1	sub6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	How the crushing will come can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Enemies will come and crush you” or “Enemies will come and destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
459	6:2	cw79	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Zion is another name for Jerusalem. Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as though it were a woman. He speaks of it as a daughter to show his love for Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “My dear Zion, which is like a beautiful and delicate woman” or “My dear Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
460	6:3	l12q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Kings were often spoken of as shepherds of their people. Alternate translation: “The kings and their soldiers will go to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
461	6:3	j632	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The phrase “against her” means “in order to attack Zion.” Alternate translation: “they will set up tents all around Zion in order to attack it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
462	6:3	g9el	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	God speaks of kings leading their armies to destroy the land, as if they were shepherds leading their sheep to eat grass. Alternate translation: “like a shepherd each king will lead his army” or “each king will lead his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
463	6:3	uz2s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “hand” represents the portion of something someone his assigned to take in his hand. Here it refers to the portion of land the king is assigned to conquer. Alternate translation: “and conquer his portion of the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
464	6:4	u13f		A king from the attacking army is speaking to the men under his control.
465	6:4	ejj3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It can be stated clearly that the kings say this. Alternate translation: “The kings say to their armies, ‘Dedicate yourselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
466	6:4	am3p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The attacking army tries to ensure that their gods will help them during the war by performing ceremonies and making sacrifices to them. Alternate translation: “Prepare for war by purifying yourselves and sacrificing to the gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
467	6:4	l529	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	To arise or stand up is a metaphor for no longer watching and thinking and instead beginning to act. Alternate translation: “Let us stop thinking and begin to attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
468	6:4	ldp8		“Let us attack Jerusalem at noon”
469	6:4	d1mc		The kings say this later in the day when they want their army to keep fighting even though it is getting dark.
470	6:4	hnt2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The end of the day is spoken of in terms of its light becoming dark. Alternate translation: “the day is ending” or “it is beginning to get dark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
471	6:4	su9l		“are stretching out” or “are getting longer”
472	6:5	jc1c		“during the night even though it is dark”
473	6:5	qmf3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	People often spoke of cities as if they were women. Her the word “her” refers to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the strong buildings of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
474	6:6	unq2		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh.
475	6:6	crp6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	God says this to the army that will attack Jerusalem. The word “her” refers to Jerusalem; cities were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: “Cut down the trees outside of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
476	6:6	v6t3		Siegeworks are either high mounds of dirt or high ramps made of wood that the enemies build outside the city wall in order go on top of the wall and attack the people inside the city.
477	6:6	p62r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “it is filled with oppression” represents people there always oppressing people. Alternate translation: “because its people are always oppressing each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
478	6:7	x25i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Here “this city keeps producing wickedness” represents people in the city continuing to do wicked things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
479	6:7	q16a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hear violence and disorder in her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
480	6:7	ky66	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	These things being “before” God’s face represents him seeing them. Alternate translation: “I constantly see sickness and wounds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
481	6:8	ctm4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here God speaks to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the city itself. Alternate translation: “Accept discipline, you people of Jerusalem … make your land into a ruin, an uninhabited land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
482	6:8	nn5k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	“Accept discipline” here is a metaphor for learning from discipline. Alternate translation: “Learn from your discipline” or “When I punish you, learn to do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
483	6:8	vvn8		“a land that has no people living in it”
484	6:9	sz1r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of the enemy attacking those who remain as if the enemy were to pick grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. Alternate translation: “After destroying Israel, they will certainly come back to attack the people who are still alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
485	6:9	e5tr		The word “They” refers to the enemy that Yahweh sends to destroy Israel.
486	6:9	kl5d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh commands the enemy to attack those who remain in Israel as if the enemy were pick to grapes that remain in a vineyard after others have harvested it. Alternate translation: “Come back and attack the people of Israel who remain” or “Like people who reach out again to pick grapes from vines that they have already harvested, come back and attack the people who remain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
487	6:10	g9ic	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that none of the people of Israel would listen to him even after they survived the attack of their enemies. Alternate translation: “There is no one left for me to speak to and warn who might listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
488	6:10	uv57		“You can see it yourself”
489	6:10	p8ap	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This represents their stubborn unwillingness to listen to God. Alternate translation: “Their ears are closed” or “They refuse to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
490	6:10	n19z		The word “Their” refer to the people of Israel.
491	6:10	yw68	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to them. He did this through his prophets. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent messages to them” or “Yahweh has spoken to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
492	6:10	p8sc		“they do not want to listen to the word of Yahweh”
493	6:11	dqg7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Jeremiah is speaking. He feels the same anger that Yahweh feels, and he speaks of being extremely angry as if he were filled with anger. Alternate translation: “I am completely angry as Yahweh is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
494	6:11	bdn3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of not showing Yahweh’s anger as if he were holding the anger inside himself. Alternate translation: “I am tired from not expressing this anger” or “I am tired of not doing anything about this anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
495	6:11	mm2e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of punishing the people of Israel as if his anger were a liquid that he wanted Jeremiah to pour out on them. Alternate translation: “In anger punish the children in the streets and the groups of young men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
496	6:11	xce7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Because enemies will capture every man with his wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
497	6:11	p4cb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The words “will be taken” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “every old person heavy with years will be taken” or “they will take every old person heavy with years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
498	6:11	ug45	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “heavy with years” is an idiom that means “very old.” It reinforces the phrase “old person.” Alternate translation: “every very old person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
499	6:12	c4qb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Their houses will become the possession of other people” or “There people will take their houses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
500	6:12	m3qu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The phrase “will be turned over to others” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “and their fields and their women will also be turned over to others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
501	6:12	efu6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
502	6:13	eyw7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	The phrase “from the least to the greatest” shows that all the people of Israel are included in the phrase “all of them,” regardless of how important they are. Alternate translation: “all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and every one else, are greedy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
503	6:13	vs6m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
504	6:13	gwi1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
505	6:13	vdj4		“all of the people of Israel”
506	6:13	qw1u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “gain” can be expressed with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
507	6:13	b8dn		“all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
508	6:14	it97	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They acts as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
509	6:14	kz57	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
510	6:14	lqp6		“‘All is well, All is well,’ but it is not well”
511	6:15	l12m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
512	6:15	vc8r		When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red. Alternate translation: “their faces did not even turn red”
513	6:15	c3ai	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “fall” represents being killed. Alternate translation: “they will be killed along with the others who are killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
514	6:15	qg6n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “will be brought down” represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them when I punish them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
515	6:16	s27z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It can be stated clearly who Yahweh says this to. Alternate translation: “Yahweh says this to the people of Israel” or “Yahweh says this to his people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
516	6:16	s5rz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The roads and pathways refer to ways that people live their lives. Yahweh wants the people of Israel to ask what is the good way to live their lives and for them to live that way. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
517	6:16	ez9b		This refers to the place where two roads meet.
518	6:16	s5kk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The ancient pathways represent their ancestors’s behavior, how their ancestors lived long ago. Alternate translation: “ask about the pathways that your ancestors walked on” or “ask about how your ancestors behaved” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
519	6:16	h56h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are (1) “this good way” represents the good way to live. Alternate translation: “What is the good way to live” or (2) “this good way” represents the way to live that results in blessings. Alternate translation: “Where is the way to what is good” or “What is the way to live that results in blessing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
520	6:16	a4xf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	“Then walk on that path.” Going on that path represents living that way. Alternate translation: “Then live that way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
521	6:16	s29n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This represents not living that way. Alternate translation: “We will not live that way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
522	6:17	zs9d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of his prophets as if they were watchmen who were sent to warn the people of danger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
523	6:17	jp7i		The word “you” refers to the people of Israel.
524	6:17	a3n7		“to listen to the sound of the trumpet.” Yahweh speaks of his warning messages to his prophets as if the messages were a trumpet being blown to warn people about the danger that would come. The prophets were to listen to the warning and tell the people about it.
525	6:18	upm1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	These two sentences are telling the people of other nations to witness what Yahweh will do to the rebellious people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Therefore, you people of other nations, listen! You witnesses, see what will happen to my people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
526	6:18	k97t		“Therefore, nations, listen to what I am about to say!”
527	6:18	cge9		“you who are witnesses”
528	6:18	zw4l		The word “them” refers to the people of Israel.
529	6:19	jt8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Jeremiah is speaking to the people of nations far away from him as if they could hear him. He is speaking as if to the earth itself. Alternate translation: “Listen, everyone who lives on the earth” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
530	6:19	yn3n		“soon I will punish these people severely”
531	6:19	dce8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here the word “fruit” represents results or consequences. Alternate translation: “the consequences of their thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
532	6:19	du18	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Here “paid no attention to my word” refers to not listening to what God said, and “rejected it” refers to refusing to obey God’s law. Alternate translation: “They did not listen to what I said. Instead they disobeyed my law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
533	6:20	p9c4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God uses these questions to rebuke the people. Alternate translation: “Frankincense from Sheba and sweet smelling cane from a distant land mean nothing to me.” or “I do not want your burnt offerings of frankincense from Sheba or sweet smelling cane from a distant land.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
534	6:20	lzv5		People would burn sweet smelling cane as an offering to God.
535	6:20	x7y3		“do not please me” or “do not make me happy”
536	6:21	nwr1		“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I”
537	6:21	d486	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	“I am about to put obstacles in front of this people.” Yahweh speaks of the troubles that he will make happen to the people of Israel as if they were a blocks that people stumble over. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
538	6:21	wc6y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The phrase “will stumble” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “fathers and sons will both stumble” or “fathers and sons will both be hurt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
539	6:21	eq4s		“Neighbors and their friends”
540	6:22	yxt3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Their purpose can be made clear. Alternate translation: “a people is coming to attack you” or “an army is coming” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
541	6:22	a582	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “nation” represents the army of the nation. Alternate translation: “the army of a great nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
542	6:22	xr58	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Being “stirred up” represents preparing to do something. Alternate translation: “is being prepared to come from a distant land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
543	6:23	m4uq		“The soldiers will carry bows and spears”
544	6:23	bam3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the ocean. Alternate translation: “The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the ocean” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
545	6:23	xl54	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The phrase “set out in order” means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase “as men for battle” indicates that they are ready to fight. Alternate translation: “they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight against you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
546	6:24	fbb5		The word “We” probably refers to Jeremiah and the people of Judah.
547	6:24	l8gs		“our hands are weak because we are anxious”
548	6:24	d28c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if the anguish grabs them. Alternate translation: “We feel terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
549	6:24	b25e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman who is about to give birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
550	6:25	k3f1		Jeremiah speaks to the people of Jerusalem. Some versions interpret this as Yahweh speaking to the people of Jerusalem.
551	6:25	n3uk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The phrase “swords of the enemy” represents the enemy with their swords ready to attack. The abstract noun “terror” refers to things that cause people to be frightened and can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “For the enemy is everywhere with their swords and everyone else is terrified” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
552	6:26	ti8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah shows Yahweh’s love for his people by speaking to them as a daughter. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 4:11. Alternate translation: “My people, you who are like a daughter to me” or “My dear people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
553	6:26	bkm8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	People do these things to show that they are extremely sad. Alternate translation: “Show how sad you are by wearing sackcloth and rolling in ashes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
554	6:26	u1nu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Jeremiah compares the people’s great sadness to the sadness that a mother feels if her only son dies. Alternate translation: “mourn with painful sobs as you would if your only son died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
555	6:26	as8r		“because the enemy army will suddenly come to attack us”
556	6:27	nfn2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh is speaking to Jeremiah. God speaks of the people of Israel being very sinful as if they were silver that was full of impurities. God speaks of punishing Israel to make them stop sinning as if he were boiling silver and lead in a hot fire in order to remove the impurities from the silver. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
557	6:27	i71y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Yahweh compares Jeremiah testing his people to a person who tests metal to see how good it is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
558	6:27	uh6e		“their behavior” or “how they live”
559	6:28	lmk7		“and constantly slander other people”
560	6:28	qg4z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Bronze and iron are hard metals. Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they were hard like bronze and iron. Alternate translation: “All of them are hard like bronze and iron” or “All of them are stubborn, as hard as bronze and iron” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
561	6:29	zb2n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	God speaks of punishing his people as if they were silver and he was boiling the silver in a very hot fire. These phrases emphasize that the one boiling the metal was working very hard. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
562	6:29	zf3z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The fire is so hot that it burns the bellows. This can be stated in active form. This very hot fire represents God’s judgment. Alternate translation: “The fire is so hot that it scorches the bellows” or “The punishment is so severe that it is like a fire that even burns the bellows” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
563	6:29	r6p8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	Bellows are a tool used to blow large amounts of air into a burning fire to make the fire hotter. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
564	6:29	a9dw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The silver has so many impurities in it that the lead is used up before it can remove them all. This represents the people of Israel being so full of sin, that they continue to sin even after God punishes them. Alternate translation: “the silver is so full of impurities, that the lead that is used to remove them is used up” or “they are like silver that is so full of impurities that the lead cannot remove them all” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
565	6:29	fd3z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will continue to refine them” or “You will continue to try to purify them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
566	6:29	ujx6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	God speaks of Israel continuing to be evil as if they were silver and the impurities remained in the silver. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because the evil remains” or “the impurities remain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
567	6:30	q4md	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will say about the people of Israel, ‘They are rejected silver,’ for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
568	7:intro	i2dl		Jeremiah 07 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:29-34, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Special concepts in this chapter Justice in society Jeremiah commanded the people of Jerusalem to live justly. Without justice, they did not truly have faith in Yahweh. Without this faith in Yahweh, the temple and its rituals were useless. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter “Do not pray for this people” Yahweh wanted the people to repent. This statement, and the others that follow, may be taken in another way. They are intended to show that it is too late for the people, and their punishment will come regardless of their response. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
569	7:1	y68e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said,” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
570	7:2	bj92		“all you people of Judah”
571	7:3	vlv3		Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
572	7:3	f884		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
573	7:3	c23a		“If you improve your ways and your practices, then I will let you continue”
574	7:3	s5g6		This means in the land of Judah, not in the temple.
575	7:4	e2w3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	The reflexive pronoun “yourself” emphasizes the personal risk to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “Do not trust in deceitful words to protect you, saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
576	7:4	ru5l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh and represents his presence, he will protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. Possible meanings for why “Temple of Yahweh” is repeated three times are (1) it was repeated for emphasis or (2) it was repeated as part of a temple liturgy. Alternate translation: “This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one will destroy it and we are safe.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
577	7:5	yex8		Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
578	7:5	b71h		“improve your ways and practices.” See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:3.
579	7:5	s949	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “judge rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
580	7:6	f96n		“treat fairly the foreigner”
581	7:6	klb1		child whose parents have died
582	7:6	ivv5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here pouring out innocent blood represents killing those not deserving death. Alternate translation: “kill innocent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
583	7:6	q1kh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
584	7:6	q3q6		Here “this place” refers to the land of Judah.
585	7:7	p965		“will let you continue to live”
586	7:7	n3ke		“from ancient times and continually.” This means Yahweh gave the land to the people of Judah to be their permanent possession.
587	7:8	d4gt		The word “you” in these verses refers to the people of Judah.
588	7:8	znm8		Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
589	7:8	s1dh		The word “Behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the information that follows.
590	7:9	bi95	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	These questions expect a positive answer to make the point that God knows the sins they are committing. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You steal, kill, and commit adultery. You swear … and walk after other gods whom you have not known.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
591	7:9	ikv4		“lie even in your oaths”
592	7:9	ps9p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:6. Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
593	7:10	w19j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows the hypocrisy of their words and actions. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Then you come and stand … so you can do all of these abominations.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
594	7:10	ras4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “house that belongs to me” or “temple where you worship me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
595	7:11	pb4b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows what they think about Yahweh’s temple. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This house, which carries my name, is a den of bandits in your eyes!” or “You act as though you think this house, which is called by my name, should be a place where bandits can go to hide!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
596	7:11	kj59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh’s temple is spoken of as if it was carrying the name of Yahweh. This has a similar meaning to “this house that is called by my name” in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
597	7:11	e4vn		violent people who steal and destroy
598	7:11	tj9h		“But I certainly have seen what you are doing”
599	7:11	ume9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
600	7:12	j5kh		The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
601	7:12	n4ba		Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
602	7:12	c6l5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “where I allowed my name to stay” is an idiom that means this was a place where Yahweh was worshiped. Alternate translation: “the place in Shiloh where I first allowed my people to worship me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
603	7:13	m7ib	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	This hendiadys is also an idiom that means something is done many times. Alternate translation: “repeatedly” or “persistently” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
604	7:14	g8pq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:10. Alternate translation: “this house that belongs to me” or “this temple where you worship me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
605	7:16	b1uq		Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about the people of Judah. In these verses, “this people” refers to the people of Judah.
606	7:16	h32v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These four clauses each mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
607	7:16	mpn3		“cry out with sadness”
608	7:16	ym42		“for their benefit” or “for them”
609	7:16	d2un		“plead with me”
610	7:17	qn8a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This question expects a positive answer and is asked to bring these things to Jeremiah’s attention. They can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at what they are doing in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
611	7:18	u9lk		“starting the fire”
612	7:18	jc1l		mixing dough by hand
613	7:18	t6z1		a thick mixture of flour and liquid used for baking
614	7:18	u6gq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This was the name of a false god. Alternate translation: “the false god known as ‘the queen of the heavens’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
615	7:18	sq9a		“will anger me”
616	7:19	ia89		In these verses, “they” and “themselves” refer to the people of Judah.
617	7:19	t7ze		Yahweh continues to speak to Jeremiah about the people of Judah.
618	7:19	ta4u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This question expects a positive answer. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are provoking themselves, so that shame is on them!” or “they are troubling and bringing shame on themselves!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
619	7:19	jj5b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “shame” can be translated using the verb “shamed.” Alternate translation: “they are shamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
620	7:20	ccj2		This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
621	7:20	ta7u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were something that could be poured out. Alternate translation: “I will punish this place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
622	7:20	xv82	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of Yahweh’s anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
623	7:20	v5eu		“pour out”
624	7:20	mf3h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could not be put out. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to stop my anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
625	7:20	wz4y		“never stop burning”
626	7:21	bjt8		In these verses, “you” and “your” refer to the people of Judah.
627	7:21	i6xb		Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
628	7:21	hg9i		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
629	7:21	p7ch	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	This is an ironic statement emphasizing that none of their sacrifices were acceptable to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Go ahead and eat the burnt offerings along with your sacrifices and meat from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
630	7:23	zn4g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here listening to Yahweh’s voice means to both hear his words and obey what he says. Alternate translation: “Hear and obey what I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
631	7:23	ug56	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of obeying his commands as if one were walking in them, like person would walk along a road. Alternate translation: “do everything that I am commanding you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
632	7:24	gts3		The words “you” and “your” in these verses refer to the people of Judah. “They” refers to the ancestors of the people of Judah.
633	7:24	u79z		Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
634	7:24	mmx8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
635	7:24	hex1		“according to their own plans because they were wicked and stubborn”
636	7:24	pn8b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This is a metaphor. Possible meanings are (1) they refused to pay attention to Yahweh, instead of eagerly obeying him. Alternate translation: “they went away from me instead of drawing closer to me” or (2) they got worse and worse instead of improving. Alternate translation: “they got worse instead of better” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
637	7:25	g7qg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	This is a generalization that means over this entire period of time, not every day during this period of time. Alternate translation: “From the time your ancestors went out from the land of Egypt until now” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
638	7:25	wl88		“I sent them again and again” or “I repeatedly sent them”
639	7:26	x6ns	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom that means they were stubborn. Alternate translation: “they became stubborn” or “they resisted me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
640	7:26	hje2		“Each generation was more wicked”
641	7:27	rs3g		The words “them” and “they” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
642	7:27	m2j2		Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
643	7:27	nc7q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two sentences say the same thing, The second emphasizes the message of the first. Alternate translation: “Tell them my message, but they will not listen to you or answer you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
644	7:28	y4p4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “the voice of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh has said. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:25. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh its God has said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
645	7:28	di1t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Yahweh speaks of truth as if it was something the people could destroy and stop saying. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people destroy truth and cut it off from their mouths” or “The people tell only lies” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
646	7:28	zj54	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “truth” can be translated using the adjective “truthful.” Alternate translation: “What is truthful is destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
647	7:29	d5yd		The word “your” in these verses refers to the people of Judah.
648	7:29	y4ae		Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
649	7:29	rrp6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This would be done as a sign of mourning. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
650	7:29	p56k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two words have similar meanings and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
651	7:30	hxu1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This refers to the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
652	7:30	aui5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “detestable things” refers to idols, which God hates. Alternate translation: “their disgusting idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
653	7:30	szk4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:10. Alternate translation: “house that belongs to me” or “temple where they worship me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
654	7:31	bpk3		The words “they” and “their” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
655	7:31	ud4q		Yahweh continues to describe the evil things that the people of Judah had done.
656	7:31	v64i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a place where the people of Israel sacrificed their children to a false god by burning them with fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
657	7:31	ikn7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
658	7:31	iq5w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “nor did I ever think about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
659	7:32	dgv5		The word “see” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed”
660	7:32	pkn1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” Alternate translation: “in the future … it” or “there will be a time … when it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
661	7:32	t424	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
662	7:32	ums9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will no longer call it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
663	7:32	zbr4		“they will bury dead people”
664	7:32	tue8		“no place remaining”
665	7:33	xa8f		Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
666	7:33	mb9t		“The dead bodies”
667	7:33	sc5b		“the people of Judah”
668	7:33	h5ey		See how you translated “the birds of the heavens” in Jeremiah 4:25.
669	7:33	jv9c		“the wild animals of the land”
670	7:33	tf93		“to scare them away”
671	7:34	cm8g		“I will remove from”
672	7:34	w3gl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases mean almost the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. The abstract nouns “joy” and “gladness” can be translated using the verb “rejoicing” and the adjective “glad.” Alternate translation: “the sounds of people rejoicing and being glad” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
673	7:34	mbc1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This is a metonym for what happens at marriage ceremonies. Alternate translation: “and people celebrating marriage” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
674	7:34	t5xh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “desolation” can be translated using the adjective “desolate.” Alternate translation: “will become desolate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
675	8:intro	b29a		Jeremiah 08 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:5-22. The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Hyperbole The author frequently uses hyperbole in this chapter to describe the complete destruction of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
676	8:1	w8bg		Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
677	8:1	x5ig		This word “they” here refers to the enemies of the people of Judah.
678	8:1	c3wu		“its princes” or “its rulers”
679	8:2	p4kx		The word “them” refers to the bones of the people listed in the previous verse.
680	8:2	i7h2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The word “they” here refers to the people of Judah. These three phrases mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
681	8:2	gvn4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This is a metaphor for serving or worshiping. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 2:23. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
682	8:2	mxy9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will gather their bones or bury them again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
683	8:2	j8lx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The bones are compared to dung on the ground both to emphasize that they will be disgusting and because they will not be buried. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
684	8:2	vr8n		“all over the ground”
685	8:3	w45m		The word “them” refers to the people of Judah.
686	8:3	vl6x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
687	8:4	xxz7		The words “them” and “they” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
688	8:4	tke2		Yahweh continues to speak of his judgment on the people of Judah.
689	8:4	rz6z		Yahweh is telling Jeremiah what to say to the people of Judah.
690	8:4	v36i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	These questions make the point that the way that the people of Judah were acting did not make sense. They can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that when someone falls, he gets back up, and when someone gets lost, he tries to find his way back.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
691	8:5	zes9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh is saying that the way the people of Judah are acting does not make sense. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does not make sense that this people, Jerusalem, has turned away in permanent faithlessness.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
692	8:5	vgq1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The word “Jerusalem” here is a synecdoche for all the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
693	8:5	h7hw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	What the people of Judah were doing is spoken of as if they were clinging to treachery and would not let it go. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
694	8:5	n5b8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “treachery” is spoken of as if it were a physical object that a person could hold on to. It can be translated using the verb “deceive.” Holding on to something is a metaphor for loving. Alternate translation: “They refuse to turn away from what deceives them” or “They love the people who deceive them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
695	8:6	y22u		The words “they” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
696	8:6	v92n		Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
697	8:6	w5p2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two things mean about the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
698	8:6	sg8t		“did not say what is right”
699	8:6	i9mx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “wickedness” can be translated using the adjective “wicked.” Alternate translation: “for being wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
700	8:6	yw8x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The implied information is that this is a question that the people of Judah should have been asking. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
701	8:6	g12y		“go their own way”
702	8:6	r6ux	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The eagerness of the people to follow their own evil way is compared to the eagerness of a war horse running toward a battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
703	8:6	j57y		adult male horse
704	8:7	j78m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The implied information is that these types of birds know the right times to migrate, which means to fly from one place to another at different times of the year for feeding or breeding. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
705	8:7	lsk2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	All of these are different types of birds that migrate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
706	8:7	i7xx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The implied information is that the people should have naturally known Yahweh’s decrees. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
707	8:7	g1he	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “migrations” can be translated using the verb “migrate.” Alternate translation: “They migrate” or “They fly from one region to another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
708	8:8	qa8a		Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
709	8:8	n65d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh asks this question to make the people of Judah think about what they were saying. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You think that you are wise because you have the law of Yahweh with you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
710	8:8	g95l		The “you” here refers to the people of Judah.
711	8:8	d131		These words tell the hearer to pay close attention to what follows.
712	8:8	qeg1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The pen represents the words that the scribes write. Alternate translation: “The false things that the scribes write” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
713	8:8	xs9e		“has given you false ideas”
714	8:9	g2b6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	This is irony because the wise men are normally honored for their wisdom. Alternate translation: “Those men who think they are wise will feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
715	8:9	eb2b		terrified or shattered
716	8:9	kk1b		“Pay attention!”
717	8:9	i9ya	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This question expects a negative answer and is intended to make the hearers think about how little what they consider wisdom is really worth when they reject Yahweh’s word. Alternate translation: “so what they think is wise does not do them any good.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
718	8:10	n8yx		See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:13.
719	8:10	eq1m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	The phrase “from the least to the greatest” shows that all the people of Judah are included in the phrase “all of them,” regardless of how important they are. Alternate translation: “because all of them, including the least powerful, the most powerful, and everyone else, are greedy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
720	8:10	by2f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	This refers to the least powerful and least important people. Alternate translation: “the least powerful people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
721	8:10	m98v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	This refers to the most powerful and most important people. Alternate translation: “the greatest people” or “the most powerful people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
722	8:10	ry2p		“all of the people of Judah”
723	8:10	c6bc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “gain” can be expressed with the phrases “get more money” or “get more things.” Alternate translation: “want to get more money by lying to people” or “strongly desire to get more things and will even trick people in order to get them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
724	8:10	me66		“all of them deceive people” or “all of them are liars”
725	8:11	a894		The words “they,” “their” and “them” in these verses refer to the people of Judah.
726	8:11	f7ex		Yahweh continues giving Jeremiah his message to the people of Judah.
727	8:11	t6ta	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are (1) the wounds represent the problems the people have as a result of their sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s problems are not serious, like small wounds” or (2) the wounds represent the people’s sin. Alternate translation: “They act as though my people’s sins are not serious, like small wounds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
728	8:11	t1ge	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “lightly” represents treating the wounds as if they were not serious, as if they were not difficult. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
729	8:11	mjy3		“‘All is well, All is well,’ but it was not well”
730	8:12	j556	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God uses this question to show his anger that the people were not ashamed of their sins. Alternate translation: “They committed terrible sins, and they were not ashamed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
731	8:12	a8qy		“their faces did not even turn red.” When a person is ashamed, his face normally turns red.
732	8:12	m1ix	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “fall” represents being killed. Alternate translation: “they will be killed along with the others who are killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
733	8:12	x1y2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “will be brought down” represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them when I punish them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
734	8:13	b972	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
735	8:13	yf5y		“the leaf will dry up”
736	8:13	qr8u		The meaning of the original text is uncertain here.
737	8:14	fx4e		The words “we,” “us” and “our” refer to the people of Judah.
738	8:14	nn25		Yahweh continues his message by telling us what the people of Judah will say at the time of their punishment.
739	8:14	r249	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This question is asked to motivate action. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We should not stay here.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
740	8:14	bl3v		The “fortified cities” were cities with high walls and strong defenses. See how you translated the similar phrases in Jeremiah 4:5.
741	8:14	vsn4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “become silent” means to die. Alternate translation: “let us die there” or “let us wait for our enemies to kill us there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
742	8:14	pv27	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “silence” is a metaphor for condemning to death. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh our God has condemned us to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
743	8:14	tg23	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom for Yahweh’s judgment on his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
744	8:15	cpw9		“but nothing good will happen”
745	8:15	i77n		“but understand”
746	8:16	fvu7		The words “his” and “they” in these verses refer to the enemies of Judah.
747	8:16	s1ew		Yahweh continues his message about the punishment coming to Judah.
748	8:16	ck4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Dan hear the snorting of his stallions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
749	8:16	qq3k		a loud sound that a horse makes with its nose
750	8:16	x69l		adult male horses
751	8:16	v3by	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	This is an exaggeration that is a metaphor for the people of Judah trembling with fear. Alternate translation: “All the people of the land shake with fear” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
752	8:16	hjp2		“when they hear the sound of the enemy’s strong horses”
753	8:16	x6ln		a sound that a horse makes
754	8:16	a2w1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here the word “consume” means to eat up. It is an idiom for how the enemies come and destroy the land and its inhabitants. Alternate translation: “they will come and destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
755	8:17	ns7j		“Now pay attention”
756	8:17	nvi3		To charm means to sing or make music in order to control snakes.
757	8:17	ma3y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
758	8:18	f7zw		Jeremiah and Yahweh have a conversation about the people of Judah.
759	8:18	hkg9		The word “my” refers to Jeremiah. The original text is unclear and is interpreted here in different ways by modern versions.
760	8:18	ia82	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	These words are an exaggeration that express the great extent of Jeremiah’s sorrow. Alternate translation: “is very great” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
761	8:18	ah2i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “heart” represents Jeremiah, emphasizing his feelings and emotions. Alternate translation: “I feel sick deep down inside me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
762	8:19	i7c2		This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. “Pay attention!”
763	8:19	i2u5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah is speaking about the people of Judah in a way that shows his affection for them, as if for a daughter. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 4:11. Alternate translation: “my dear people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
764	8:19	qg4d		Possible meanings are (1) From exile. Alternate translation: “from exile in a distant land” or (2) From throughout the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “throughout our land”
765	8:19	r91i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two questions are similar in meaning. They imply that the people of Judah are wondering why Yahweh is not saving them. Alternate translation: “Why does Yahweh not save us if he is the king in Zion?” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
766	8:19	i1se	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The word “me” refers to Yahweh. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If they want me to save them, then they must not offend me with their carved figures.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
767	8:20	i3bj		The word “we” refers to the people of Judah. The words “I” and “my” refer to Jeremiah.
768	8:20	f1z4		Jeremiah continues talking about the people of Judah.
769	8:20	ey1x		“Harvest time is over”
770	8:20	d3mu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Jeremiah tells what the people of Judah are saying. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh has not saved us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
771	8:21	epc5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These statements express the same idea in more than one way for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
772	8:22	j9cz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	These questions are asked to make the point that the people of Judah have not been saved. Alternate translation: “There is medicine in Gilead, and there are healers there, so tell me why the healing of my dear people will not happen.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
773	9:intro	muj3		Jeremiah 09 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 9:1-12, 17-24. The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more than one chapter, this should be seen as one unit. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) Special concepts in this chapter Funeral This chapter pictures Jerusalem as having a funeral with its typical songs. This is an image used to describe their destruction. It is a time of great sadness. Circumcision Circumcision is used here in an unusual way. Since circumcision was intended to be a display of faith, the author uses the term to differentiate between those who have faith in Yahweh and those who don’t. This is a type of metaphor. Those who have a circumcised heart have faith in Yahweh while those with an uncircumcised heart do not have faith in Yahweh, regardless of whether they are physically circumcised. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
774	9:1	dw2v		Yahweh and Jeremiah continue talking about the people of Judah.
775	9:1	rjn7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	This is Jeremiah speaking. These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how much Jeremiah is weeping. Alternate translation: “I wish I could make more tears” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
776	9:1	f1ez	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	By mentioning both “day” and “night” this phrase means all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
777	9:1	x4zd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh shows his love for his people by speaking of them as a daughter. Here Jeremiah uses this same phrase for the people that Yahweh uses. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 4:11. Alternate translation: “my people, who are like Yahweh’s daughter” or “my dear people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
778	9:1	gx7s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the enemy has killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
779	9:2	m5fi		“I wish someone would give me.” This is still Jeremiah speaking.
780	9:2	t6vy		This refers to a building for people traveling in the wilderness, where they can stop and sleep overnight.
781	9:2	l2ci		“leave my people”
782	9:2	y2h4		“a group of people who betray other people”
783	9:3	m7dg		See how you translated “this is Yahweh’s declaration” in Jeremiah 1:8.
784	9:3	dkt1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Telling lies is spoken of as being done by the tongues of the wicked. Also, since a spoken lie cannot be taken back, telling lies is spoken of as if it were shooting arrows. Men who use bows must step on their bows in order to fasten the bowstrings, so liars are referred to here as if they were stringing their bows using their tongues. Alternate translation: “Their lies are like arrows that they shoot with the tongues” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
785	9:3	q5qh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	“They do not grow strong on the earth because they are faithful to Yahweh, as they are wicked” and “This means that the people are not faithful to Yahweh, but rather are wicked and have gained their power through wickedness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
786	9:3	vc82	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Committing one evil action after another is spoken of as if the evildoers were going from one action to another. Alternate translation: “They keep doing evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
787	9:4	m87i		Yahweh continues speaking with Jeremiah about the people of Judah.
788	9:4	i6ut		The word “you” refers to the people of Judah.
789	9:4	zbn4		“be careful not to trust your fellow Israelites, and do not even trust your own brother”
790	9:4	n2fi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “walking” is an idiom for living. Alternate translation: “every neighbor slanders one another” or “every neighbor is a slanderer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
791	9:5	t4rw		“All of the people mock each other, and they do not tell the truth”
792	9:5	w9wa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here people are represented by their “tongues” to emphasize their speech. Alternate translation: “They teach deceitful things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
793	9:5	k167		“They are tired from committing so much sin”
794	9:6	kdu3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of living among people who are liars as living in the middle of deception. Alternate translation: “Your dwelling is among the dwellings of liars” or “You dwell in the midst of liars” (See:[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
795	9:6	ijp7		“By telling all of these lies”
796	9:6	ra6u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
797	9:7	n1gs		Yahweh continues to speak about the people of Judah.
798	9:7	l451	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh uses this word here to draw Jeremiah’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
799	9:7	kq5h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of testing the people and dealing with their evil ways, as if they were metal that he were melting in a crucible to remove its impurities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
800	9:7	y5gl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to state that this is how he needs to deal with his people because of what they have done. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “for this is how I must deal with my people because of what they have done.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
801	9:8	ak19	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of people’s tongues as if they were sharpened arrows because of how the people hurt others by what they say. Here their speech is represented by their “tongues.” Alternate translation: “Their words are like sharpened arrows that hurt other people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
802	9:8	yi2b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here people’s speech is represented by their “mouths.” Alternate translation: “They speak, saying that they want peace with their neighbors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
803	9:8	f4zw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here a people’s desires are represented by their “hearts.” This speaks of them wanting to hurt their neighbors as if they were an animal crouching and waiting to attack its prey. Alternate translation: “but what they really want is to destroy their neighbors” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
804	9:9	x1jx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that the things that they are doing are so bad that he will not have mercy and stop himself from punishing them. See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 5:9. Alternate translation: “Because they do these things, I will punish them … I will certainly get revenge for myself against them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
805	9:9	fm1d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
806	9:10	p4rg		Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah. In verse 12, Jeremiah makes a comment.
807	9:10	zfu4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Yahweh is mourning for the land of Israel as if it were a person who died. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
808	9:10	s5s7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will sing a funeral song” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
809	9:10	xf64		“the fields of grass that the livestock eats”
810	9:10	x2nb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Because someone has burned the meadows and pastures” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
811	9:10	dv5k		“Nobody will hear the sound of cattle there”
812	9:11	mp5y		“a place for jackals to hide.” Jackals are fierce wild dogs.
813	9:11	har1		“places where no people live”
814	9:12	lun7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a very wise person will understand the things he has said. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only people who are very wise can understand these things.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
815	9:12	dem8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only the people he has spoken to can declare these things. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only those who have been taught by Yahweh can explain these things to others.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
816	9:12	r7i9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here Yahweh’s speech is represented by his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
817	9:12	ru4f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that only a wise person could explain why the land has been destroyed. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only a wise person could explain why the land has perished and been destroyed … pass through.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
818	9:12	x8mt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Both “perished” and “been ruined” describe the land being ruined. Alternate translation: “is the land ruined” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
819	9:13	nkx8		Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah.
820	9:13	v98g		“These things will happen because”
821	9:13	dqx8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of the people not obeying his law as if it were something that they had walked away from. Alternate translation: “they have rejected my law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
822	9:13	maj3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here Yahweh’s “voice” represents what he says. Alternate translation: “they do not pay attention to the things I tell them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
823	9:13	cf6h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “walk” is an idiom for “live.” Alternate translation: “or live the way I tell them to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
824	9:14	d459	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the people’s “stubborn hearts” represent their stubborn desires and stubborn will. Also, here “walked” represents living. Alternate translation: “they have been stubborn and lived the way they want to live” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
825	9:14	upa5		“have worshiped the Baals”
826	9:15	rz7x		Yahweh continues speaking about the people of Judah.
827	9:15	bg34		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
828	9:15	za9v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
829	9:15	s4r8		a plant that tastes bitter
830	9:16	nyj4		“Then I will force them to leave here and live in many different countries”
831	9:16	axn5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “that neither they nor their ancestors have known” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
832	9:16	w74v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “sword” refers to an enemy army. Alternate translation: “I will send an army of soldiers to fight against them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
833	9:16	bq4y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This is a metonym for Yahweh causing the people’s enemies to destroy them. Alternate translation: “I have caused their enemies to completely destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
834	9:17	lv4i		Yahweh tells the people of Judah to mourn for the coming destruction of the land.
835	9:17	ict2		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
836	9:17	air9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases have the same meaning. They emphasize that they are to call funeral singers to come. Alternate translation: “Get women who are trained in mourning and bring those women here” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
837	9:17	d5sd		“Call women who are professional singers at funerals”
838	9:17	u7sp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “tell the women to come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
839	9:17	j5jq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The phrase “send out for” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Send people out to get women who are skilled at mourning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
840	9:18	ln9m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Here Yahweh says what the people of Judah will say when the destruction comes. The words “us” and “our” refer to the people of Judah and does not include Yahweh. This may be written instead as a command from Yahweh to the people. Alternate translation: “Tell them to hurry and sing a song to mourn for you, so your eyes may run with tears and your eyelids flow with water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
841	9:18	fft6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This describes the people crying a lot. Alternate translation: “so we will cry very hard with tears flowing from our eyes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
842	9:19	g4rv		Here Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land.
843	9:19	la1m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This refers to the people of Zion wailing loudly and can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Zion are crying loudly, saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
844	9:19	s2nn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh tells what the people of Judah will say when the land is destroyed. Alternate translation: “We are very upset” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
845	9:19	g3w7		“Our shame is great, because enemies destroyed our houses and we had to leave the land of Israel”
846	9:20	n18s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the command to listen to what Yahweh says. In the second phrase Yahweh’s “mouth” is a metonym for himself. Alternate translation: “listen to what Yahweh says. Pay attention to his words” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
847	9:20	hr1b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “teach each neighbor woman a funeral song” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
848	9:21	ruq9		Here Yahweh is saying what the people of Judah will say when he destroys the land.
849	9:21	tk2q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The people of Judah will compare death to a person who can climb in windows to attack the people inside and attacks people in the palaces, streets, and city squares. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
850	9:21	nap5		fancy houses where kings live. Death will come to rich and poor alike.
851	9:21	w73h		marketplaces
852	9:22	b1lf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “This is what Yahweh has declared” or “This is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
853	9:22	tfy4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the large number dead bodies. Alternate translation: “dead bodies will fall all over the place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
854	9:22	q61w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to dung that falls in the fields. Alternate translation: “dead bodies will drop everywhere like animal dung falls all over the fields” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
855	9:22	j451	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This describes the great number of people who will die, by comparing their bodies to cut stalks of grain. Alternate translation: “like stalks of grain fall everywhere after the farmers cut them down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
856	9:22	hyq6		“there will be nobody to gather the dead bodies”
857	9:23	v41m		These are the words of Yahweh.
858	9:23	cbr4		“A wise man should not be proud because he is wise”
859	9:23	r3w7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “or let the warrior take pride in his might” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
860	9:23	mi8d		“A rich man should not be proud because he is rich”
861	9:24	vub7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	“understands who I am and knows me.” Both of these phrases have similar meanings. They emphasize people knowing who Yahweh is and understanding who he is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
862	9:24	eht9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This refers to people knowing Yahweh and his ways. Alternate translation: “Because people should understand that I am Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
863	9:24	ccv3		The word “these” refers to covenant loyalty, justice, and righteousness.
864	9:24	t9de	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
865	9:25	wg3m		These are the words of Yahweh.
866	9:25	md99	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh uses this word here to draw the people’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Indeed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
867	9:25	k6yc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This refers to the people of Israel who have entered into Yahweh’s covenant by getting circumcised physically, but who have not changed their inner beings by following his laws. Alternate translation: “all those people who have changed their bodies by circumcising them but who have not changed their inner beings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
868	9:26	qn15		This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness.”
869	9:26	siw4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “nations” refers to the people who live in these places. Foreigners being uncircumcised was a sign that they were not in Yahweh’s covenant. Alternate translation: “For the people of these nations did not enter into a covenant with Yahweh through circumcision” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
870	9:26	l471	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The “heart” represents a person’s will and desires. An “uncircumcised heart” represents the character of a person that does not follow Yahweh and his laws. Also, the “house” of Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel are only circumcised on the outside and have not changed their hearts” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
871	10:intro	v6xy		Jeremiah 10 General Notes Structure and formatting The ULT sets the lines in 10:1-25 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a long quotation. Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s power This chapter contrasts the great power of Yahweh with the powerlessness of any other false god. It is intended to question why the Jews would worship any other god. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
872	10:1	v6qy		Yahweh has just reminded the people of Judah, as well as Egypt, Edom, Ammon, Moab and all people, that they will be punished.
873	10:1	d4ld		“Hear the message”
874	10:1	str3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the “house” of Israel represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
875	10:2	zcj4		“Do not act like the other nations act”
876	10:2	v9aa		worried or upset
877	10:2	cej6		“by strange things in the sky”
878	10:2	f2sy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Here “the nations” refer to the people who live in them. This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “for the people of the nations are afraid of the strange things they see in the sky” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
879	10:3	d8ux		Yahweh has just reminded them not to learn the ways of the nations nor be worried by things that happen in the sky.
880	10:3	t24u		a man skilled in his work
881	10:5	xhf6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	A scarecrow is a man-like figure made to scare birds and prevent them from eating the crops. Here Yahweh compares the idols to scarecrows because they are not capable of doing anything. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
882	10:5	y84p		a vegetable that is usually long, with green skin and white flesh that contains much water
883	10:5	s7ty	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people have to carry them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
884	10:6	gd4l		Jeremiah has just been talking about idol worship.
885	10:6	n439	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to himself and his reputation. Alternate translation: “you are very powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
886	10:7	c4dh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jeremiah asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that everyone should fear Yahweh. Here he refers to Yahweh as “king of the nations.” This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Everyone should fear you, king of the nations.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
887	10:7	d3y9		“what you have earned”
888	10:8	p37g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “brutish” and “stupid” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how foolish the people are for worshiping idols. Alternate translation: “They are all very stupid, they are disciples” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
889	10:8	hm7c		“they try to learn from an idol which is only a piece of wood”
890	10:9	ni29	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	places where silver and gold are mined (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
891	10:9	zr2p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Also, the refiners are represented here by their “hands” because they do their work with their hands. Alternate translation: “gold from Uphaz that skilled craftsmen and refiners have made” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
892	10:9	a9y4		“skilled craftsmen”
893	10:9	xa2h		people who heat gold to remove from it anything that is not gold
894	10:9	e22z		“The people dress the idols in blue and purple cloth”
895	10:10	mm4u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	This speaks of the earth shaking as an emotional response to Yahweh’s anger, when actually Yahweh causes the earth to quake. Alternate translation: “The earth quakes when he is angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
896	10:10	re97		“shakes”
897	10:11	ng9f		God is speaking to Jeremiah.
898	10:11	bq56		The word “you” refers to the Israelites and the word “them” refers to the people of the other nations.
899	10:11	csc7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of the idols disappearing and losing their significance as if they were dying. This emphasizes their lack of power. Alternate translation: “will disappear from the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
900	10:12	sjc2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of Yahweh creating the sky as if it were a large sheet that he stretched out. Alternate translation: “created the heavens” or “created the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
901	10:13	hlz6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here Yahweh is represented by his “voice” to emphasize his speech. The phrase “the roar of waters” refers to loud storms. Alternate translation: “His voice causes the storms in the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
902	10:13	b87n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This means that he causes the mists to evaporate and form clouds. The phrase “the ends of the earth” refers to all of the earth. Alternate translation: “he causes clouds to form over every part of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
903	10:13	y78p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of Yahweh causing the wind to blow as if the wind were kept in a storehouse and brought out when he desires. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
904	10:13	h3h9		a building where things are kept
905	10:14	rb7t		“is lacking knowledge” or “does not know”
906	10:14	up7n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Every metalworker’s idols put him to shame” or “As for every metalworker, his idols shame him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
907	10:15	l8cb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. Alternate translation: “there will be a time when God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
908	10:16	gc2y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Jacob” represents the people of Israel. God being their “portion” is an idiom that means that they worship him. Alternate translation: “the portion of Israel” or “whom the people of Israel worship” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
909	10:16	q8sb		“the creator of all things” or “the one who created all things”
910	10:16	p7kl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Israel belongs to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
911	10:17	hm4j		“Gather your belongings”
912	10:17	g8r9		“whose city has been surrounded by your enemies’ army” or “who have been living in your city while an enemy army surrounds it”
913	10:18	h5w8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh uses this word here to draw the peoples’ attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
914	10:18	yy6k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people to leave the land as if they were objects that he were throwing out of a container. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people living in the land to leave that land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
915	10:18	bz7p		“people who live in the land”
916	10:18	ku2a		great pain or suffering
917	10:19	wud3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Jeremiah is speaking as if he were the whole tribe of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
918	10:19	k8py	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of the peoples’ distress as if they were physically wounded by broken bones and infection. Alternate translation: “Woe to us! It is as though we have broken bones and an infected wound” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
919	10:19	m4ix	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate translation: “but we must bear it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
920	10:20	g663	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here Jeremiah speaks of the enemy having destroyed their city as if their tent had been destroyed. Alternate translation: “It is as though our great tent is destroyed; the ropes that held it up have been cut” or “The enemy has completely destroyed our city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
921	10:20	l9vb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My enemy has devastated my tent” or “Our enemy has destroyed our tent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
922	10:20	plf2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate translation: “Our enemies have taken our children away from us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
923	10:20	tc5f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The children no longer existing is a metaphor for the parents never seeing them again. Alternate translation: “and it is like they no longer exist” or “and they will never return again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
924	10:20	n6v1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here Jeremiah speaks of them not having descendants to rebuild their city as if their city were a tent that needs to be rebuilt. Alternate translation: “There is no one to rebuild our city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
925	10:21	x7r1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here the leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were flocks of sheep. Alternate translation: “For the shepherds of our people are stupid … all the people of their flock have been scattered” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
926	10:21	zmx4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and their enemies have scattered all their flock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
927	10:22	r6v8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here the marching enemy armies are spoken of as if they were an earthquake. The word “See!” is used here as an idiom to draw the listener’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Look! The enemy army is coming, they sound like a great earthquake as they are marching” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
928	10:22	t67q		a type of fierce wild dog
929	10:23	vv9s		Jeremiah prays for the people of Israel.
930	10:23	iqa8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases mean the same thing. This means that no one has control over the various things that will happen to him during his life. Alternate translation: “that no person controls what will happen to him; no one is able to direct the events that he will experience” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
931	10:25	kfn6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “the nations” refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “In your fury, punish the nations” or “In your anger, punish the nations of the people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
932	10:25	pi1m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that do not worship you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
933	10:25	b1zn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These three phrases have the same meaning. Jeremiah repeats this idea three times to emphasize the utter destruction of Israel. This speaks of the enemy armies attacking the people of Israel as if the armies were a fierce animal attacking and devouring its prey. Alternate translation: “For they have fiercely attacked the people of Israel and consumed them so as to completely destroy them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
934	10:25	z8p8		“demolish their homes”
935	11:intro	tg7m		Jeremiah 11 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 11:15-17, 20. Special concepts in this chapter The covenant The covenant Yahweh made with Moses is prominent in this chapter. Because the people disobeyed this covenant, God will not help them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
936	11:1	l9ym	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 7:1. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said,” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
937	11:2	q9d8		“the people who live in Jerusalem”
938	11:3	d8vl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will curse anyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
939	11:4	gi9b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of the horrible circumstances and oppression the Israelites were living in Egypt by comparing them to a smelting furnace. Alternate translation: “of Egypt. What happened to them in Egypt was terrible; it was as though they were living in a hot furnace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
940	11:4	q1a1		heating iron to liquid form
941	11:4	fni7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “voice” here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and “listen” is a metonym for “obey.” Alternate translation: “Obey what I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
942	11:5	dhd3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	“the land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “the land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
943	11:6	ts3p		“the terms of this covenant”
944	11:6	szb8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “obey them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
945	11:7	q8ju		serious and important
946	11:7	k1gz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “voice” here is a metonym for what the speaker says with the voice, and “listen” is a metonym for “obey.” Alternate translation: “Obey what I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
947	11:8	uvr6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “walking” is an idiom for the way a person lives. The word “heart” is a metonym for a person’s desires and emotions. Alternate translation: “Each person has refused to change and has been living by his own wicked desires” or “Each person has refused to change and continues to do the evil things that they want to do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
948	11:8	dla5		“So I punished them with all the curses that I described in this covenant that I had commanded them to obey”
949	11:9	n1vg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There is a conspiracy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
950	11:9	n8g7		a secret plan to do something that is harmful or illegal
951	11:9	lr11		“the people who live in Jerusalem”
952	11:10	g2wu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The phrase “turned to” is an idiom that means to start doing something. Alternate translation: “They have returned to committing the same iniquities as their earliest ancestors committed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
953	11:10	u3ji		“followed after”
954	11:10	x1cg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “The kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
955	11:10	u4q4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
956	11:11	sr2g		This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
957	11:12	cy8r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the “cities of Judah” represents the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “The people who live in the cities of Judah and in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
958	11:12	kpf4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but their gods will certainly not save them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
959	11:13	k26k		“to as many as”
960	11:13	d3q3		“the streets in Jerusalem”
961	11:14	em49		“You must not make a loud cry of sadness”
962	11:15	r1nl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the people Judah no longer have a right to be in his temple. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “My beloved one, the one who has had so many wicked intentions, should not be in my house.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
963	11:15	r9hb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The people of Judah are spoken of as if they were a single woman greatly beloved. Alternate translation: “are the people whom I love, those who have had” or “are the people of Judah whom I love, who have had” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
964	11:16	ia9c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	In the Old Testament people were often compared to trees or plants. Those who were prosperous and healthy were spoken of as leafy, fruitful tree. Alternate translation: “In the past Yahweh said that you were like a leafy olive tree” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
965	11:16	q1zk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This expression continues the metaphor of the tree. The fire stands for the destruction of the people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
966	11:16	jn51	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This compares the sound of the raging fire to the sound of a severe storm. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
967	11:16	bt3s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will break off your branches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
968	11:17	u8fc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of Yahweh placing the people of Israel and Judah in the places where they live as if they were a tree that Yahweh had planted. Alternate translation: “who planted you like a farmer plants a tree” or “the one who placed you to live in the land of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
969	11:17	b82g		“has decreed that disaster will come upon you”
970	11:17	cs7v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
971	11:17	p53z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
972	11:18	aeu2		“You have revealed things to me and so I know them.” The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him.
973	11:18	nd6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The refers to Yahweh revealing to Jeremiah that his enemies were planning to kill him. This is spoken of here as if Jeremiah has already see their actions. Alternate translation: “have revealed to me their evil plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
974	11:19	s72l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of Jeremiah being unaware of his enemies’ plans to kill him by comparing him to a lamb who is being led to be slaughtered. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
975	11:19	msn1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that my enemies were leading to a butcher” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
976	11:19	jta1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here Jeremiah’s enemies speak of killing him as if he were a fruit tree that they were planning to destroy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
977	11:19	brr9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “cut him off” means to destroy him. Also, “the living” refers to living people. Alternate translation: “Let us kill him so he is no longer in the land of those who are alive” or “Let us destroy him so that he is no longer among the world of living people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
978	11:19	cr3r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will no longer remember his name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
979	11:20	xa3x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The heart is a metonym for what a person feels and desires and “the mind” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides. Alternate translation: “a person’s feelings and thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
980	11:20	u147	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The word “vengeance” here can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will watch you take revenge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
981	11:21	xz1z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a special city where priests live. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
982	11:21	jh6a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. Alternate translation: “wanting to kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
983	11:21	m8v8		“They say to me.” The men are speaking to Jeremiah.
984	11:21	g4k7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the men refer to their “hand” to emphasize that they plan to kill him themselves. Alternate translation: “we ourselves will kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
985	11:22	d5xb		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
986	11:22	y5mj		This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
987	11:22	kn5i		men at the strongest time of their lives
988	11:22	hgu8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the “sword” represents battle. Alternate translation: “will die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
989	11:23	k7a8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will leave none of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
990	11:23	wlv1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word “year” here is a idiom that describes a specific period of time that Yahweh decides. Alternate translation: “in the time of their punishment” or “for the time of their punishment is coming” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
991	12:intro	mtm9		Jeremiah 12 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:1-13. Special concepts in this chapter Jeremiah complains that evil men prosper Jeremiah complains that evil men prosper. He questions Yahweh’s justice. Yahweh’s response: if Jeremiah is upset by the people of Anathoth, how will he face enemies in Jerusalem? (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) Yahweh’s grace to the other nations Yahweh gives a gracious offer to the Gentile nations. If the other nations who have been against Judah leave their idols and worship God, then God will allow them to return to their lands. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]])
992	12:1	h7ur		Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh.
993	12:1	v383	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
994	12:2	xd5m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here Jeremiah speaks of the wicked as if they were fruit trees. Alternate translation: “They are like fruit trees that you planted, that you allow to prosper and to produce lots of fruit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
995	12:2	bj22	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “mouths” represents what a person says. And, “hearts” represents what a person thinks or feels. Also, being loyal is spoken of as if it were being near a person, and being disloyal is spoken of as if it were being far away from a person. Alternate translation: “They always say good things about you, but they do not love or respect you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
996	12:3	lcj7		Jeremiah continues speaking to Yahweh.
997	12:3	kt44	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the “heart” represents a person’s thoughts and true feelings. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” or “my inner feelings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
998	12:3	p1lp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here Jeremiah asks Yahweh to prepare to punish the wicked as if they were sheep to be taken away to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “Take the wicked people away, like sheep for slaughter” or “Prepare to punish those wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
999	12:3	jep3		“the day they will be destroyed”
1000	12:4	gvz5		Their land is dry and rain has not come as punishment for the peoples’ wickedness.
1001	12:4	bea9		dry up
1002	12:4	lm57	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The animals and the birds are gone” or “The animals and the birds have all died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1003	12:4	a1hp		Possible meanings are (1) The people are saying that God does not know what things will happen to them in their future or (2) God is unaware of their sin. Alternate translation: “God does not see the sinful things that we do”
1004	12:5	hax2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run with horses. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will never compete well against horses.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1005	12:5	e5b2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	This refers to while the person is running. Alternate translation: “If you fall down while running” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1006	12:5	km32		This refers to the open countryside, where it is easy to travel quickly, in contrast to the overgrown thickets along the Jordan River, where it is difficult to move.
1007	12:5	rki9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run through the thickets along the Jordan. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will surely not be able to run in the thickets along the Jordan.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1008	12:5	c56k		many bushes or small trees growing close together
1009	12:6	g1pt		to have accused someone publicly
1010	12:7	js9l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These three sentences have similar meanings. The first and second one strengthens the thought in the third. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1011	12:7	v9at	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The two phrases are metaphors in which Yahweh speaks of his people as if they were his “house” and his “inheritance.” Alternate translation: “I have abandoned my Israelite people, the people whom I chose to belong to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1012	12:7	v6xh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “hands” represents control. Alternate translation: “to be conquered by her enemies” or “over to the control of her enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1013	12:7	ra61	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Here Yahweh refers to his people as a female by using a feminine pronoun. Alternate translation: “of their” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1014	12:8	n59e		This continues to speaks of Yahweh’s people as a lion. This speaks of the people showing they are against him as if they were roaring at him. Alternate translation: “it is like she roars at me to defy me”
1015	12:8	ik2q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Here Yahweh refers to his people as a female by using feminine pronouns. Alternate translation: “they set themselves … with their … hate them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1016	12:9	m995	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that his people are surrounded by their enemies. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “My prized possession has become a speckled bird and other birds of prey go against her all around.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1017	12:9	j8nr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Here Yahweh speaks of his people as his “prized possession.” Alternate translation: “Have not my people, who are my prized possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1018	12:9	rn3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here Yahweh speaks of his people being in danger and surrounded by their enemies as if they were a speckled bird surrounded by birds of prey. Alternate translation: “become like a speckled bird, and her enemies are like birds of prey attacking her on all sides” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1019	12:9	q57h		“a strange looking bird.” This refers to a bird that was often picked on and eaten by other birds.
1020	12:9	l3t3		birds that attack and eat animals
1021	12:9	idp1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Yahweh speaks here in the form of a command to strengthen what he says. This command is not directed to a specific person and may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Let all the wild beasts in the fields come and eat her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
1022	12:10	jl5k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here Yahweh speaks of his land and his people being destroyed by armies as if they were a vineyard that shepherds had destroyed. Alternate translation: “My people and my land are like a vineyard that many shepherds have destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1023	12:10	nw8j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “shepherds” refers to their sheep. Alternate translation: “Many shepherds have allowed their sheep to destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1024	12:10	dr86		“They have crushed under their feet”
1025	12:10	d5c7		“the ground I planted” or “my field”
1026	12:11	ry1p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “All the land is desolate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1027	12:11	z4k3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cares” or “pays any attention” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1028	12:12	uwl3		“Destroying armies have come”
1029	12:12	rbb1		“places in the wilderness where nothing grows”
1030	12:12	s2mb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here Yahweh speaks of the armies that he is using to punish his people as being his “sword.” His”sword” is described here as if it were a large animal that attacked and devoured the people. Alternate translation: “for the armies are my sword that I am using to punish you” or “for I am sending the destroying armies to attack you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1031	12:12	c8pt		This refers to the whole land that belongs to his people.
1032	12:13	du4i		“They have sown wheat, but there is nothing to harvest but thornbushes”
1033	12:13	k4yk		“My people have”
1034	12:13	c3di		a large plant that is covered in sharp points
1035	12:13	jez5		unable to do more, without any more strength
1036	12:13	fby2		“So be ashamed of your tiny harvest because Yahweh is angry with you.” Here the word “gain” does not mean a large amount of something, but refers to a small amount.
1037	12:14	w8dl		“have been trying to take away the land”
1038	12:14	c7h3		“gave my people Israel as an inheritance”
1039	12:14	e4jf		This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1040	12:14	b371	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. See how you translated this concept in Jeremiah 1:10. Alternate translation: “to make them leave their own land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1041	12:14	sv7x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here Yahweh speaks of causing the people of Judah to leave the lands of the other nations as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. Alternate translation: “I will cause the house of Judah to leave their lands as well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1042	12:14	ylh4		“uproot”
1043	12:14	t297	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1044	12:15	i4tb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God speaks of forcing the people to leave their land as if they were plants that he was pulling out of the ground. Alternate translation: “I make those nations leave their lands and move to different places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1045	12:16	f6ti		God’s word about Judah’s neighbors.
1046	12:16	i1wv		“It will happen that”
1047	12:16	j3ji	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	“As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Swearing in Yahweh’s name instead of in Baal’s name indicates that they worship Yahweh instead of Baal. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 4:2. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1048	12:16	uph7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of the people becoming prosperous as if they were a building that was being built. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will build them up in the midst of my people” or “I will make them wealthy and they will live among my people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1049	12:16	pe5g		middle
1050	12:17	w4yd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1051	13:intro	ky38		Jeremiah 13 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 13:15-27. ===Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter === Symbolism The action of hiding the undergarment was intended to be a symbolic event. It was supposed to get the Jews’ attention and be a lesson for them to learn. Jeremiah performed the action, but it was not the action itself that was important. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1052	13:1	yq1d		a type of very fine cloth
1053	13:1	puq2		clothing that people wear under their clothes; underwear
1054	13:1	d4jw		the middle part of the body, usually the narrowest, between the hips and chest
1055	13:1	kf2e		“do not wash it or get it wet”
1056	13:3	z13h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message a second time. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this second message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1057	13:4	b7b3		a space between rocks or a crack in a rock, big enough to put something into it
1058	13:8	wf3x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1059	13:9	a1zp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here Judah and Jerusalem refer to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “of the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1060	13:10	j3d9		“to obey what I say”
1061	13:10	rn4k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “who are stubborn and only do the things they desire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1062	13:11	z1xb		“sticks to … stick to me” or “stays close to … stay close to me”
1063	13:11	t4mp		“all the people of … all the people of”
1064	13:11	uak7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1065	13:11	h7ch	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1066	13:11	b9j5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1067	13:12	sbk9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Every wineskin should be full of wine … every wineskin should be full of wine” or “Every wine jar should be full of wine … every wine jar should be full of wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1068	13:13	bv6t		This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1069	13:13	g8y3		“cause all the people of this land to be drunk”
1070	13:13	e418	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as “David’s throne.” Alternate translation: “the kings who sit on Judah’s throne” or “the kings of the nation of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1071	13:14	e1iz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	Here the words “each man” refer to both men and women. Alternate translation: “Then I will cause the people to fight with each other, even parents and children will fight one another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1072	13:14	g1jc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “I will smash fathers and children together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1073	13:14	kq6a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1074	13:14	n1g8		“I will not feel sorry for”
1075	13:14	p3a5		“will not withhold punishment from them.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will allow them to be destroyed”
1076	13:15	d8mp		falsely believing oneself to be important
1077	13:16	wwm1		“he causes darkness to come.” Here trouble and despair are spoken of as if they were “darkness.” Alternate translation: “he brings trouble and despair” or “he cause great troubles to come”
1078	13:16	f21v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here a person is referred to by his “feet” to emphasize that he is walking. Alternate translation: “before he causes you to trip and fall as you walk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1079	13:16	nkc1		early morning or evening when it is partially dark, when the sun is beginning to rise or when the sun is almost set
1080	13:16	lg6k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of goodness and blessings as “light” and of trouble and despair as “darkness.” Alternate translation: “For you were hoping for light and blessings, but Yahweh will give you darkness and great despair--you will feel like you are surrounded by a dark cloud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1081	13:17	k2pj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for enemies have captured Yahweh’s flock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1082	13:17	j4z9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh’s people as Yahweh’s “flock” because he cares for them like a shepherd cares for his sheep. This event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. Alternate translation: “for you who are Yahweh’s flock, your enemies will soon capture you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
1083	13:18	f5bj		Yahweh is continuing to talk to Jeremiah. He is telling Jeremiah what to say to the king of Judah and the king’s mother.
1084	13:18	ihz2		the mother of the king
1085	13:18	i8em	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	A king and queen mother wear crowns to represent their royal positions as the king and queen mother. Also, this event has not happened yet, but it is written here as if it already has. This can be written in future tense. Alternate translation: “for you will no longer be the king and queen mother, for your crowns, your pride and glory, will fall off” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
1086	13:19	jw8r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This means that the cities will be surrounded by their enemies, who will not allow anyone to go in or come out of the cities. Alternate translation: “The cities in the Negev will be shut up, and no one will be able to go into them or come out of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1087	13:19	r9z3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will shut the cities in the Negev up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1088	13:19	hr6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Judah” represents the people who live there. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemies will take all of the people of Judah captive into exile” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1089	13:20	qx4s		Yahweh is talking to the people of Jerusalem.
1090	13:20	s5yj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here the word “look” is an idiom that means to pay attention and be aware of what is happening. Also, “Lift up your eyes” represents looking at something. Alternate translation: “Pay attention and be aware of the ones coming from the north” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1091	13:20	ve51	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This refers an enemy army that will come from the north. Alternate translation: “the enemy army coming from the north” or “the enemy army marching from the north” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1092	13:20	iny8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that the people of Judah will be captured by the enemy armies. This question is asked as if the people of Judah had already been captured even though this has not yet happened. The question can be written as a statement and in future tense. Alternate translation: “I gave you the people of Judah to care for, like a beautiful flock of sheep, but the enemy army will capture them.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
1093	13:20	e5mm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of the people of Judah as a “flock” of sheep to emphasize that the leaders of Judah were supposed to care for them and look after them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1094	13:21	t9l3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that the people who Judah’s leaders thought they were at peace with will conquer them. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “The people you thought were your friends will conquer you and rule over you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1095	13:21	br9q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to tell the people that their capture is just the beginning of the suffering they will go through. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “These things that you will suffer are like the beginning of the labor pains of a woman in childbirth.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1096	13:22	uzi6		Yahweh continues to talk to Jeremiah. He is telling Jeremiah what to say to the king of Judah and the king’s mother.
1097	13:22	i8we	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This means that the enemy soldiers will rape the Judean women. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the enemy soldiers will lift up the skirts of your women and rape them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1098	13:23	wyf8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This rhetorical question is used to state an example of something that is impossible. This question can be written as a statement. Also, the understood verb “can” maybe be supplied in the second phrase. Alternate translation: “The people of Cush cannot change their skin color and a leopard cannot change its spots.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1099	13:23	m8ie	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	This statement is ironic because the examples about the Cushite and the leopard are impossible situations. This states that if those impossible things could happen then they could do good. Alternate translation: “Just like these things are impossible, so it is also impossible for you who always do evil to do good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1100	13:24	rw5p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	“I will scatter them like chaff that is blown away by the wind.” Yahweh is saying He will scatter His people throughout the world just as chaff is scattered by the wind. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1101	13:26	pid5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This means that Yahweh will make them feel ashamed. It does not in any way mean that he will rape them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “It is as though I myself will strip your skirts off of you so that everyone will see your private parts and you will be ashamed” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1102	13:27	r896	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This is the sound of a male horse desiring a female horse. Alternate translation: “lusting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1103	14:intro	pqn1		Jeremiah 14 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:1-10, 17-22. Special concepts in this chapter False prophets The false prophets promised there would not be any war or drought. They gave people a false sense of hope, when they needed to repent. Because of this, Yahweh sent a drought and said that the false prophets would die of drought and war. This showed that these were not true prophets of Yahweh. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
1104	14:1	dvb6		Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just talked about the adultery of the people.
1105	14:1	c8lt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1106	14:2	cn9g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Judah” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “Let the people of Judah mourn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1107	14:2	zct6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the word “gates,” which keep enemies out of cities and where people conduct business and government, is a synecdoche for Judah’s cities, and Judah’s cities are a metonym for the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “let her cities fall apart” or “let the people in her cities become unable to defend themselves” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1108	14:2	twu5		“fall into pieces”
1109	14:2	qu68	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “going up” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “They are calling out loudly in prayer for Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1110	14:3	v2l2		“The rich people”
1111	14:3	z6ul	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Both of these words have similar meaning and together emphasize that the servants were ashamed that they were unable to get water. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1112	14:3	drx3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1113	14:4	l4rv		Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has continued to tell the people about the drought.
1114	14:4	je8k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	In biblical times, people would wear a headcovering to show that they were ashamed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1115	14:5	yca3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrase have the same meaning and emphasize that the doe leaves her young deer because she cannot provide for them. A doe is a female deer. Alternate translation: “the deer leaves her young in the field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1116	14:5	q5hd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This means that there is no grass for the deer to eat. Alternate translation: “for there is no grass for them to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1117	14:6	rv34	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This speaks of the donkeys panting because they are thirsty by saying that they pant like jackals. Jackals are fiece wild dog which pant a lot. Alternate translation: “they pant in the wind like thirsty jackals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1118	14:6	sa12		“They become blind because there is no grass to eat”
1119	14:7	u1uz		Yahweh, through the prophet Jeremiah, has just told the people about the drought.
1120	14:7	a7md	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Here their “iniquities” are spoken of as if they were people who testified against them about their wrong doing. Alternate translation: “our iniquities give evidence of our wrongdoing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1121	14:7	hdk6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “for the sake of your reputation” or “in order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1122	14:8	t2bf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This is another name for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You are the hope of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1123	14:8	pi7p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The people are asking if Yahweh is unconcerned with his people and unable to help them. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should not be like a stranger in the land, like a foreign wanderer who stretches out and spends just one night.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1124	14:8	m5rq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This question speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unconcerned with helping his people as if he were a stranger just travelling though a place unconcerned with those living there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1125	14:9	i24n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This speaks of the possibility of Yahweh being unable to help his people as if he were a confused warrior who was unable to rescue anyone. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do nothing to help us, like someone who is astounded or like a warrior who has no power to rescue us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1126	14:9	np92		unable to understand or to think clearly
1127	14:9	s46u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. This speaks of the people being Yahweh’s people by saying that his name is over them. Alternate translation: “we bear your name” or “we are your people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1128	14:10	jb8u		Jeremiah has been praying and asking Yahweh not to leave them alone.
1129	14:10	u7uz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	“they love to wander away from me.” This speaks of people being unfaithful to Yahweh and not obey him as if they had wandered from the place where he is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1130	14:10	x599	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the people are referred to by their “feet” to emphasize their walking away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “have not kept themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1131	14:10	t4hn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remembers” or “recalls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1132	14:11	i69u		“to assist” or “to help”
1133	14:12	a2l9		loudly crying because of sorrow
1134	14:12	vgw6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1135	14:12	c1vk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here war is represented by the “sword” which was the common weapon used in battle. Alternate translation: “by war” or “by battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1136	14:13	xfr8		Yahweh has just told Jeremiah not to pray for the people of Judah.
1137	14:13	l6t3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “sword” represents war, and to “see” represents experiencing. Alternate translation: “You will not experience any war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1138	14:13	sd1w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “security” is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could give to another person. Alternate translation: “I will allow you to live securely” or “I will allow you to live peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1139	14:14	jsc3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The word “deceit” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “prophesy deceitfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1140	14:14	xd4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1141	14:14	jv6e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This means that Yahweh did not send them out with messages to give to the people. Alternate translation: “I did not send them to prophesy to other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1142	14:14	t2xs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “minds” are spoken of as if they were a place instead of the ability to think of ideas. Alternate translation: “that they think up themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1143	14:15	p8k9		Jeremiah has just been talking to Yahweh about the things the false prophets have been prophesying.
1144	14:15	kl3i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 14:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1145	14:15	q47z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “there will be no war … perish by war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1146	14:16	yx8a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “famine and war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1147	14:16	ex5f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. This means that whole families will die and people will throw their bodies into the streets instead of burying them. Alternate translation: “Then the people to whom they prophesied will die by famine and sword and people will throw their bodies into the streets of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1148	14:16	vjb4		This describes who is referred to by the word “them,” that is, everyone who died by famine and sword.
1149	14:16	wam5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here Yahweh speaks of punishing the people in accordance to their wicknedness as if their own wickedness were a liquid that he would pour upon them. Alternate translation: “I will punish them like they deserve to be punished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1150	14:17	m8yd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	Here two opposite times of the day are given to mean all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time, both night and day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1151	14:17	v4hr		a cut or break in skin that cannot be cured
1152	14:18	kwc2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Also, here the “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “who died by the sword” or “who died in war” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1153	14:18	xa86	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the “diseases” represent the people who have these diseases because of their starvation. Alternate translation: “there are the ones who are sick because of famine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1154	14:18	uax5		move around without purpose
1155	14:18	nrq3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It may be helpful to state what they do not know. Alternate translation: “they do not know what they are doing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1156	14:19	bxi3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “we hoped for a time of healing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1157	14:20	z8n3		“Yahweh, we admit our wicked offenses and our ancestors’ iniquity”
1158	14:21	ni6n		Jeremiah continues his prayer to Yahweh.
1159	14:21	ur4i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here Yahweh’s “name” refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “For the sake of your reputation” or “In order that everyone can see that you are very great and keep your promises” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1160	14:21	h4sh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh’s “throne” is represented by Zion, that is Jerusalem. His “throne” also represents the place where he rules as king. Alternate translation: “do disgrace Zion where you glorious throne is” or “do not disgrace Zion, where you rule as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1161	14:22	my15		“Can the skies decide when they make the rain to fall?”
1162	15:intro	ebq4		Jeremiah 15 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:2, 5-21. Special concepts in this chapter Do not pray for the people God told Jeremiah not to pray for the people because God was punishing them. This was meant to be an illustration for Jeremiah. Jeremiah was not to pray because the punishment was already determined. Yahweh also explains that even the great Moses could not help the sinful Jews. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Yahweh uses Gentile nations Yahweh is going to use the Gentile nations to punish Judah. This would have been very offensive to the Jews. They would have also been surprised to learn that Yahweh was using the Gentile nations to punish his people. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1163	15:1	w1rn		Jeremiah has just been praying to Yahweh.
1164	15:1	az7b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This implies that they are pleading for Yahweh to spare the people. Alternate translation: “were standing in front of me pleading for these people, I would still not be in favor of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1165	15:1	g56c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Yahweh repeats this idea of sending away his people to add emphasis to it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1166	15:2	i7zf		“Those whom I have appointed to go to”
1167	15:2	a7na	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of dying as if death were a place that people can go to. Alternate translation: “should die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1168	15:2	qrc1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the “sword” represents war. To be “for the sword” means that God has appointed them to die in war. Alternate translation: “those whom I have appointed to die in war should go to die in war” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1169	15:2	s5vx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This means that Yahweh has appointed these to die because of famine, and these words speak of dying by famine as if “famine” were a place that people can go to. Alternate translation: “Those whom I have appointed to die by famine should go and die by famine” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1170	15:2	ub7g		“should go into captivity”
1171	15:3	xfn3		Yahweh has just told them he will send some of them to death, some to die by the sword, some to die by famine, and some to be captives.
1172	15:3	b44y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the “sword” refers to the enemy soldiers. Alternate translation: “the enemy soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1173	15:4	etb6		Here the word “them” refers to the people of Judah, not to the four groups listed in the previous verse.
1174	15:4	g2xb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Manasseh was a very wicked king who did many evil things in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “because of the wicked things that Manasseh … did in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1175	15:5	sb18		Yahweh has just told them he will assign them to four groups to kill them—the sword, dogs, birds, and beasts.
1176	15:5	lb4g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one should mourn for Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one should have compassion on you, Jerusalem. No one should mourn for your destruction.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1177	15:5	wfj2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Jerusalem” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “for you people who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1178	15:6	es4m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people have, indeed, forsaken Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1179	15:6	w5w5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1180	15:6	hk2v		“left me” or “gone away from me”
1181	15:6	ub2d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “I will use my power to strike you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1182	15:7	xa8z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here Yahweh speaks of scattering the people and causing them to leave Jersalem as if they were winnowed chaff being blown away on the wind. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1183	15:7	i5zm		a farm tool with a long handle and sharp metal prongs, used especially for lifting and tossing grain in the air for winnowing
1184	15:7	tdb1		“I will cause their children to die” or “I will let their enemies kill their children”
1185	15:8	lzr4		Yahweh has just told them no one will care about them and that he will destroy his people since they would not turn from their wicked ways.
1186	15:8	pg9y		women whose husbands have died
1187	15:8	zf6z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	“than the grains of sand on the seashore.” This comparison is an exaggeration used to emphasize an uncountable number. Alternate translation: “more than you can count” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1188	15:8	xv7a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This means that Yahweh will send an enemy army to kill young men, which will cause their mothers great sorrow. Alternate translation: “At noonday I will send an enemy army to destroy young men and cause their mothers to weep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1189	15:8	rv53	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “happen to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1190	15:9	ab1l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “ashamed” and “embarrassed” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of shame. Alternate translation: “She will be completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1191	15:9	ysv5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will grow faint” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1192	15:9	syp4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of a woman becoming sorrowful because her children have died, as if her life were a day in which the sun had set early and turned to darkness. Here the darkness represents her sorrow. Alternate translation: “Because of her sorrow, it will be as though the sun has set and her day has turned to darkness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1193	15:9	e2fw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the “sword” represents the enemy soldiers. This means that Yahweh will allow the enemy solider to kill any of her children that remain. Alternate translation: “I will allow the enemy soldiers to kill those of her children that remain alive” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1194	15:9	yh62	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1195	15:10	tf3x		In these verse, Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh about his suffering, and Yahweh answers him.
1196	15:10	bwu4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Jeremiah pretends to speak to his mother as a way to emphasize how sad he is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
1197	15:10	z3f7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “controversy” and “argument” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize how much Jeremiah is arguing. Alternate translation: “a man with whom everyone argues all the time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1198	15:10	pi56	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This refers to lending money to people. Often lending money causes people to fight with one another. Alternate translation: “I have not lent money to anyone, nor has anyone lent money to me” or “I have not made anyone angry by lending or borrow money and then quarreling about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1199	15:11	jwd5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The implicit answer to this rhetorical question is “yes.” This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will certainly rescue you for good!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1200	15:11	hg1a		Those are the enemies of Jeremiah who disagreed with his prophecies.
1201	15:11	t2nb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Here the words “calamity” and “distress” mean basically the same thing. They emphasize the amount or intensity of the calamity. Alternate translation: “in the time of great calamity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1202	15:12	gp33	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	In these questions Yahweh speaks of the strength of Judah’s enemies as if they were iron mixed with bronze. These rhetorical questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can smash iron, especially if it is as strong as the iron from the north that is mixed with bronze.” or “But Judah’s enemies, who are as strong as iron or bronze, will attack Judah from the north, no one will be able to stop them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1203	15:13	m4cc		In these verse, Yahweh speaks to the nation of Israel as if it were one person.
1204	15:13	r9fq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “wealth” and “treasures” mean the same thing and refer to anything that people consider to be valuable. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1205	15:13	cy1n		things that you steal from a city after conquering it
1206	15:13	c2bt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “all of the sins you have committed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1207	15:13	dzj5		“throughout your country”
1208	15:14	e1nj		“to a land that is strange to you”
1209	15:14	p77q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The wrath of God is spoken of as if it were a destructive fire. Alternate translation: “I will destroy you because I am very angry with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1210	15:14	y1s1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here Yahweh speaks of his wrath as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “for my wrath is like a fire that I will kindle against you” or “for I will come against you in my wrath, and my wrath will be like a burning fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1211	15:14	ap1i		to light a fire
1212	15:15	mlt5		Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh.
1213	15:15	lk6p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Jeremiah is asking Yahweh not to be patient with the sins of his enemies. The phrase “take me away” refers to him being killed. Alternate translation: “Please do not continue to be patient with them and allow them to kill me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1214	15:16	ds55	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have heard your message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1215	15:16	a55i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of listening and understanding Yahweh’s message as if it were food that he ate. Alternate translation: “I understood your message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1216	15:16	f4hq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the “heart” represents a person emotions and feelings. Alternate translation: “what I love most” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1217	15:16	se2v		“people know that I serve you”
1218	15:17	xx62	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I did not spend time with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1219	15:17	lst3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here Yahweh’s “powerful hand” refers to his control and influence over Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “you powerfully influence me” or “you are the one who controls what I do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1220	15:18	xb1d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his pain. He speaks of his pain as if it were a physical wound. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “My pain is ongoing, it is like a wound that will not heal.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1221	15:18	f64w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	This speaks of Jeremiah’s wound as if it were a person that refuses to be healed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that will not heal” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1222	15:18	c2kw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he feels like he cannot depend on Yahweh. He speaks of this as if Yahweh were a stream that dries up. Alternate translation: “It feels like you are undependable to me, like a stream I go to for a drink only to find it dried up.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1223	15:19	l1n1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Jeremiah is compared to the mouth of Yahweh because he will be used to speak Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “you will speak for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1224	15:19	ud46	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	The pronoun, “yourself”, is used here to emphasis the command was specifically for Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1225	15:20	gf1p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Yahweh compares Jeremiah to a wall because the people will not be able to defeat him. Alternate translation: “I will make you strong, like a bronze wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1226	15:20	nx8l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of the people fighting with Jeremiah as if he were an army that they waged war against. Alternate translation: “they will fight against you” or “they will oppose you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1227	15:20	z1e8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “save” and “rescue” mean the same thing and emphasize the safety that God promises. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1228	15:21	bet8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize the safety that God provides. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1229	15:21	z99x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the control of the wicked … the control of the tyrant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1230	15:21	lwc5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1231	15:21	mm5k		a ruler who demands absolute obedience and is not friendly for the people under his rule
1232	16:intro	mts4		Jeremiah 16 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 16:19-21. This poem also continues in chapter 17, and these should be seen as one section. Special concepts in this chapter Coming punishment The punishment that is prophesied in this chapter will happen quickly. The author gives many illustrations which describe how quickly this punishment will come. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Israel restored God will bring his people back from captivity. Even though the punishment of Judah will be great, Yahweh promised a future restoration. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])
1233	16:1	iq2r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1234	16:4	bdx2		“They will die from deadly diseases”
1235	16:4	nm5s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will mourn for them or bury them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1236	16:4	paq4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The sons and daughters born in the land are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 8:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1237	16:4	b995	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	The phrase “come to an end” is a mild way to say that they will die. The word “sword” represents an army whose soldiers fight with swords. The phrase represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: “they will die in battle or from famine” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1238	16:5	irw5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘Do” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘Do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1239	16:5	byl9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The word “mourning” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people are mourning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1240	16:5	e7zp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of no longer acting towards the people with peace, steadfast love, and mercy as if these were items that he has taken away from them. Alternate translation: “I will no longer act towards them with peace … or with steadfast love and mercy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1241	16:5	fg62	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1242	16:6	ngj4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	This refers to all kinds of people and uses size to refer to how important they are. Alternate translation: “Both the important and the unimportant” or “Many people, regardless of how important they are, will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1243	16:6	k2n5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will bury them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1244	16:6	s8kp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Cutting oneself and shaving one’s head were symbolic actions that expressed strong grief, especially when a loved one died. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1245	16:7	t3iq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two clauses have a similar meaning. God said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. It was customary to take food or wine to people whose relative had died. Yahweh has removed all comfort from the people because of their sin. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1246	16:7	ae18	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “cup” represents the drink that the cup holds. Alternate translation: “none must give a comforting drink” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1247	16:8	rzm9		“a house where people are feasting”
1248	16:9	z6t7		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1249	16:9	hq3r		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1250	16:9	fxi9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Here the word “your” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. The idiom means that Yahweh will do this where they can see. Alternate translation: “in front of you” or “where you can see” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1251	16:9	b3s5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom means during their lifetime. Alternate translation: “during your lifetime” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1252	16:9	lki1		See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:34.
1253	16:11	fq83	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The words “bowed down to” mean basically the same thing as “worshiped” and describe the posture that people used in worship. God said essentially the same thing twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1254	16:12	cu97		“ancestors. Look at these people and you will see that each person”
1255	16:12	c169	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path. Here the word “heart” represents the mind or will. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 11:8. Alternate translation: “stubbornly doing the wicked things that he wants to do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1256	16:12	qh3g		“who does what I tell him to do”
1257	16:13	y41b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of forcefully removing the people from the land as if he were throwing them from the land. Alternate translation: “force you to leave this land and go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1258	16:13	e16l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	The mention of both “day” and “night” means all the time. Alternate translation: “all the time” or “continually” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1259	16:14	em2d		The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1260	16:14	l615	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when people will no longer say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1261	16:14	xr81	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	“As surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 4:2. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1262	16:16	mt7v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were fishermen who are catching fish. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1263	16:16	mx2n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1264	16:16	y22w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of enemy armies who will attack and kill the people as if they were hunters who are hunting animals. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1265	16:17	l1xj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the word “eye” represents Yahweh who sees all that they do. Alternate translation: “I am watching everything they do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1266	16:17	c7ju	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Here the word “they” may refer either to the people or to their actions. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they cannot hide from me” or “they cannot hide their ways from me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1267	16:17	f9r8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh who sees. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They cannot conceal their iniquity from me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1268	16:18	tpe4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of causing the land to be unacceptable to him as if the people had polluted the land. The words “their polluting” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because they have polluted my land” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1269	16:18	sq29	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “to fill” means that they have placed many idols in the land. The words “their filling” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because they have filled my inheritance with their disgusting idols” or “because their disgusting idols are everywhere in my inheritance” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1270	16:18	wkp2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were his inheritance that he has claimed as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “the land that is my inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1271	16:19	rt34		Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh.
1272	16:19	y75t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. He repeats the same idea three times. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1273	16:19	x7cn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “nations” represents the people from the nations. Alternate translation: “The people from the nations will go to you” or “The people of the nations will come to you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
1274	16:19	nk1x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. Alternate translation: “the farthest places on the earth” or “everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1275	16:19	c5xl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “deceit” refers to false gods. Alternate translation: “our ancestors inherited nothing but false gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1276	16:19	jrc3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Here the words “They” and “them” refer to the false gods that the ancestors taught them to believe in. The two phrases mean basically the same thing, with the second explaining how they “are empty.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1277	16:20	y3fg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The people ask this rhetorical question to emphasize that people cannot make gods for themselves. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “People cannot make gods for themselves. The things that they make are not gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1278	16:21	gwn6		“Therefore, indeed.” Here Yahweh begins speaking. The word “see” adds emphasis to what follows.
1279	16:21	fz8r		Here the word “them” refers to the people from the nations. Yahweh repeats this phrase for emphasis.
1280	16:21	cs55	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “hand” refers to power and authority. The two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize Yahweh’s great power. Alternate translation: “my great power” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1281	16:21	hl7n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “name” refers to Yahweh’s entire person. Alternate translation: “they will know that I am Yahweh, the true God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1282	17:intro	l48r		Jeremiah 17 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 17:1-18. This poem is a continuation of 16:19-21, and these should be seen as one section. Special concepts in this chapter Trusting God or humans Trust is an important part of this chapter. Those who trust in human wisdom will not prosper. Those who trust in God will have all of their needs met. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Simile The person who depends on the power of other people is compared to a bush in the desert which always has to struggle for life. But the person who trusts in God is like a tree growing by a stream and has all his needs supplied. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1283	17:1	f2as	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1284	17:1	qcz2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of Judah’s sins being so great that they cannot stop committing them as if someone had engraved their sin permanently. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1285	17:1	ntb1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Here the word “Judah” represents the people of Judah. This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone has written the sin of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1286	17:1	r9u2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone has engraved it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1287	17:1	t19m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The sinful habits of the people are spoken of as if their sins had been engraved on their own hearts. The word “hearts” refers to the whole person: their thoughts, emotions, and actions. Alternate translation: “engraved in their very beings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1288	17:1	gc1k		The word “horns” refers to the projections on the corners of the altars.
1289	17:3	ve7m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “wealth” and “treasures” mean the same thing and refer to anything that they consider valuable. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1290	17:3	gfz3		This refers to things that people steal or take by force.
1291	17:4	mei2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of the land as if it were an inheritance that he had given to the people of Judah as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “You will lose the land that I have given to you as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1292	17:4	w768	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of the fierceness of his anger as if his anger were a fire that burns those with whom he is angry. Alternate translation: “you have made me so angry that my anger will be like a fire that will burn forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1293	17:5	zp54	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will curse any person who trusts in mankind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1294	17:5	sd5y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “flesh” represents humans. Alternate translation: “he depends on mere humans for strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1295	17:5	f1ec	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “heart” refers to the thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “turns his devotion away from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1296	17:6	wqm5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The person who trusts in man instead of Yahweh will be like a plant that struggles to survive in an infertile land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1297	17:6	d8k3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The phrase “barren land without inhabitants” describes and means basically the same thing as “wilderness.” Alternate translation: “the barren wilderness where no person lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1298	17:8	rs4s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The person who trusts in Yahweh will always prosper, just like a tree does when it is planted by a river. It is not affected when there is no rain. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will be like a tree that someone has planted by water” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1299	17:8	pf89	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Yahweh speaks of a tree that draws its water from a stream being unaffected by heat and drought as if the tree were unafraid of these things. Alternate translation: “The heat will not affect it when it comes … No harm is caused to it in a year of drought” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1300	17:9	q56q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “heart” refers to the minds and thoughts of people. Alternate translation: “The human mind is more deceitful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1301	17:9	h5pr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The speaker uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can understand the human heart. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one can understand it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1302	17:10	per1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “hearts” represents the emotions. Alternate translation: “who tests the emotions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1303	17:10	zu1h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here a person’s behavior is spoken of as if it were the paths along which he walks. Alternate translation: “according to how he lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1304	17:10	hlu7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here the results of a person’s actions are spoken of as if they were fruit. Alternate translation: “what he has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1305	17:11	r1bc		This analogy of a bird that hatches another bird’s eggs is meant to illustrate a rich man who makes his money by robbing others.
1306	17:11	j8my	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here the word “days” stands for someone’s entire life. Alternate translation: “when he has lived only half of his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1307	17:11	t4k5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The riches are spoken of as if they were servants who would abandon their owner. Alternate translation: “he will lose his wealth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1308	17:11	wwb2		“at the end of his life”
1309	17:12	c58h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of the temple being a “glorious throne” because it is there that Yahweh dwells and rules. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1310	17:12	mmb5		This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem.
1311	17:13	j27x		Here the word “you” refers to Yahweh.
1312	17:13	tkv3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will write in the dust those in the land who turn away from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1313	17:13	e5ej	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people dying and being forgotten as if someone writes their names in the dust, and those names quickly disappear. Alternate translation: “will disappear like names that someone writes in the dust” or (2) the word “earth” is a metonym for the place of the dead. The phrase is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of people going to the place of the dead as if someone enrolled their names in the records of those who have died. Alternate translation: “will join those in the place of the dead” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1314	17:13	vf2c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh being the source of life as if he were a fountain of living waters. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who is like a fountain of living waters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1315	17:13	pj3q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of fresh, running water as if it were living water. Alternate translation: “the fountain of fresh, running water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1316	17:14	emc7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you really will have healed me … you really will have rescued me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1317	17:14	t5hz		Possible meanings are (1) “For you are the one whom I praise” or (2) “For you are the reason I sing praise.”
1318	17:15	c8ap		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
1319	17:15	kn8p		Here the word “me” refers to Jeremiah and the word “they” to his enemies.
1320	17:15	qef1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The people use this question to ridicule Jeremiah because the things that he said had not yet happened. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Where are the things that Yahweh told you would happen?” or “The things that Yahweh told you would happen have not happened.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1321	17:15	s66x		“Let what Yahweh has said happen”
1322	17:16	dye9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of leading and caring for the people as if he were a shepherd caring for sheep. He speaks of his abandoning that work as if he were running away from it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1323	17:16	vlg8		“I did not desire”
1324	17:16	m8x1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the word “lips” represents Jeremiah who spoke. The word “proclamations” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the proclamations that I spoke” or “the things that I proclaimed” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1325	17:16	hkb7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I made them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1326	17:17	q4lu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as a place where enemies cannot attack him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1327	17:17	ls2i		“in times of calamity”
1328	17:18	p168	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bring shame on my pursuers, but do not bring shame on me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1329	17:18	us8n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous one and adds emphasis to Jeremiah’s prayer. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make them very afraid, but do not make me afraid” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1330	17:18	xrc7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh destroying his enemies as if they were objects that Yahweh would shatter. The idiom “a double share” means to give twice as much. Alternate translation: “shatter them with complete destruction” or “destroy them twice as much” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1331	17:19	ab1v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “then go and stand in all the other gates of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1332	17:21	jye6		“to protect your lives”
1333	17:23	cu16	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people refused to listen. Alternate translation: “They refused to listen” or “They refused to obey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1334	17:23	ksk9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff and unmovable. Alternate translation: “became stubborn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1335	17:25	i3jj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the throne that the king of Judah sits on is represented as “David’s throne.” See how you translated this in Jeremiah 13:13. Alternate translation: “those who sit on Judah’s throne” or “the kings of the nation of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1336	17:25	r4s3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will inhabit this city forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1337	17:27	xjp9		“I will set the gates of Jerusalem on fire”
1338	17:27	r5tg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people cannot put it out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1339	18:intro	z3ii		Jeremiah 18 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 18:13-17, 19-23. Special concepts in this chapter Attacking Jeremiah Things were so bad in Judah, they even attacked Jeremiah. To attack Yahweh’s prophet was to attack Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Simile Like a potter can change what he is making from one type of pot to another, God can change his plans and not punish people if they repent. The image of God as a potter and mankind as clay is an important one in Scripture. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1340	18:1	ad7f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 7:1. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Arise” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah: ‘Arise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1341	18:2	ww5x		“the workshop of the potter.” A potter is someone who makes pots from clay.
1342	18:3	z9ps		The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this.
1343	18:3	x9yr		The potter’s wheel is a small table that spins. A potter uses it to make pots.
1344	18:4	j5pm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The word “spoiled” means that something about the pot made the potter unhappy. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the pot that the potter was making with his hands was not good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1345	18:4	ffd2		“was forming” or “was shaping”
1346	18:4	qs6u		He stopped making the pot, crushed the clay back into a lump, and then used that lump of clay to make another pot.
1347	18:4	kd4f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “eyes” represents sight and sight represents one’s opinion. Alternate translation: “that he thought was good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1348	18:5	gj6x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1349	18:6	y4ia	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	With this question, Yahweh emphasizes his authority to do as he pleases with Israel. Alternate translation: “I am allowed to act toward you, house of Israel, like the potter acts toward the clay.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1350	18:6	j2v5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “kingdom of Israel” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1351	18:6	elt6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1352	18:6	zg76		“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
1353	18:6	uzq5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Yahweh compares his being able to remake Israel as he see fit to the way that the potter is able to remake a lump of clay as he sees fit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1354	18:7	jk3p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two expressions basically mean the same thing. In the first expression, Yahweh speaks of destroying a kingdom as if the kingdom were a plant or a building that he tears down. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1355	18:8	lnu4		“withhold” or “not bring”
1356	18:9	n3us	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of strengthening kingdoms as if they were buildings that he would build, and as if they were plants that he would plant. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1357	18:10	q9ah	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “it” refers to a nation or kingdom, which is a metonym for the people in that nation or kingdom. The word “eyes” represents seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “if the people of that nation do things that I consider to be evil” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1358	18:10	u2ti	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “voice” represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Here, “not listening” is an idiom that means that they do not obey. Alternate translation: “not obeying what I say” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1359	18:11	h8xz		This tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1360	18:11	tj92	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of planning disaster as if disaster were an object that he forms, like the potter would form clay. The second sentence repeats the same idea as the first using different words. Alternate translation: “I am about to devise a plan to bring disaster against you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1361	18:11	v6ut		“make a plan”
1362	18:11	me21	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1363	18:11	w5eq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “ways” and “practices” both refer to a person’s actions and general lifestyle. Alternate translation: “so your actions will result in good happening to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1364	18:12	fq15		The word “they” refers to the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem.
1365	18:12	nmb4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Possible meanings for this idiom are (1) the people do not care about what Jeremiah will say to them. Alternate translation: “We do not care what you say” or (2) The people do not think that anything good will come of what Jeremiah tells them to do. Alternate translation: “What you are saying will not work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1366	18:12	yc7y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind or will. Alternate translation: “what his evil, stubborn mind desires” or “whatever evil things that we stubbornly want to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1367	18:13	w781	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Here the word “nations” represents the people in the nations. Yahweh asks this question to scold the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “Ask the nations if any of them have ever heard of such a thing as this.” or “Nowhere on earth has anyone ever heard of such a thing like this.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1368	18:13	vta7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. Yahweh speaks of Israel being pure and faithful towards him as if she were a virgin and of Israel being unfaithful to him as if she had “committed a horrible act.” Alternate translation: “Israel, who is like a virgin, has done something horrible” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1369	18:14	bbi9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the snow on the mountains never melts. Alternate translation: “The snow in Lebanon never leaves the rocky hills on its sides.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1370	18:14	pn6p		“the sides of the rocky hills”
1371	18:14	utv2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that the mountain streams never cease to flow. He speaks of the streams drying up as if they were destroyed. Alternate translation: “Those cold mountain streams that come from far away never cease to flow.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1372	18:15	k5st	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks, and of living unfaithfully to him as if the person stumbled along the path. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “this caused them to stumble in their paths” or “it is like they stumbled while walking on a path” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1373	18:15	x24p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a path along which he walks. Here, “the ancient paths” represents the way that Yahweh had told their ancestors to live and “lesser paths” represents living unfaithfully to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1374	18:16	qh44	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “will become something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1375	18:16	g6ye		The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people will always hiss”
1376	18:16	mx2e		Here the word “her” refers to “Their land.”
1377	18:17	n6hk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of causing the people to flee before their enemies as if he were an eastern wind that scatters dust and debris. Alternate translation: “I will be like an eastern wind and scatter them before their enemies” or “I will scatter them before their enemies like an eastern wind scatters dust and debris” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1378	18:17	n2xm		Here the word “them” refers to “my people.”
1379	18:17	mn5a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	“I will turn my back toward them, and not my face.” Turning one’s back towards someone is a symbolic action that represents rejection and turning one’s face towards someone is a symbolic action that represents favor. Alternate translation: “I will reject them and not act favorably towards them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1380	18:18	vh9w		“let us make plans to harm Jeremiah”
1381	18:18	cf4s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The words “will never perish” can be supplied to each of these phrases. This can also be expressed in positive terms. Alternate translation: “the law will never perish from the priests, and advice will never perish from the wise men, and words will never perish from the prophets” or “the priests will always have the law, the wise men will always give advice, and the prophets will always speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1382	18:18	f353	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Here “words” represents messages that the prophets speak from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “words of Yahweh from the prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1383	18:18	ay55	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The people speak of speaking harmful words against Jeremiah as if their words were weapons with which they attack him. Alternate translation: “say things that will harm him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1384	18:19	u46b		Here Jeremiah begins speaking to Yahweh.
1385	18:20	p988	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jeremiah asks this question to emphasize that good actions should not be repaid with bad things. Alternate translation: “Disaster from them should not be my reward for being good to them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1386	18:20	t4h5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit in which to trap him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1387	18:20	p3xy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “fury” represents the punishment that Yahweh intended to inflict upon them. Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh not punishing them as if he were turning his fury away from them. Alternate translation: “so that you would not punish them in your anger” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1388	18:21	xrk4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “give over” means to place a person in the power of another person. Jeremiah speaks of “famine” as if it were a person who could have power over others. Alternate translation: “cause their children to die from famine” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1389	18:21	x3mp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “hands” represents power. Alternate translation: “cause those who use the sword to have power over them” or “cause them to die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1390	18:21	c2vn		“let the children and husbands of their women die.” The word “bereaved” refers to a woman whose children have all died.
1391	18:21	yp4k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let people kill their men” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1392	18:21	gz9s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let people kill their young men with swords in battle” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1393	18:22	nj6w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The phrase “a distressed shout” can be translated with a verbal phrase. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let people hear a distressed shout” or “Let people hear others shout in distress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1394	18:22	zdc2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases share similar meanings. Jeremiah speaks of his enemies planning to kill him as if they had dug a pit for him to fall into and set traps in which to capture him. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1395	18:22	l4rh		See how you translated this in Jeremiah 18:20.
1396	18:22	pxk9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the word “feet” represents Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “have hidden traps for me” or “have hidden traps for me to step on” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1397	18:23	yh1m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh forgiving his enemies’ sins as if someone had written their sins down and Yahweh would erase them. This phrase means the same thing as the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “Do not pardon their sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1398	18:23	fin3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let people overthrow them in your presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1399	18:23	jrr6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The word “wrath” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “when you are still angry with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1400	19:intro	e68t		Jeremiah 19 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter People horrified The destruction of Jerusalem will be so complete that it will leave dead bodies everywhere and horrify people who see it.
1401	19:2	r77q		This is the name of a valley south of the city of Jerusalem, where people sacrificed to false gods. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:31.
1402	19:3	lse3		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1403	19:3	tn4j		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1404	19:3	wu9y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “ears … will tingle” is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. Alternate translation: “it will shock everyone who hears of it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1405	19:3	w8jh		Possible meanings are (1) “will ring” or (2) “will quiver.”
1406	19:4	i11f		Here the word “they” refers to the people of Judah.
1407	19:4	h6hz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “innocent blood” represents the murder of innocent people. Yahweh speaks of murdering many people as filling a place with blood. Alternate translation: “murdered many innocent people in this place” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1408	19:5	hi1p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:31. Alternate translation: “nor did I ever think about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1409	19:6	h15q		“look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1410	19:6	r6da	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will no longer call this place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1411	19:6	n996		See how you translated the names of these places in Jeremiah 7:31.
1412	19:7	mk3z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “to fall by the sword” means to die in battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will enable their enemies to kill them with swords” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1413	19:7	l3wj		The word “them” refers to the people of Judah and Jerusalem.
1414	19:7	hl7t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The idiom “fall … by the hand of” means to be killed by someone, with the word “hand” representing the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will enable those who want to kill them to kill them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1415	19:8	qfw1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people hiss” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1416	19:9	x4ye		“I will make the people who live in Jerusalem eat”
1417	19:9	gu5g		“because of the siege”
1418	19:9	jy23	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because their enemies and those who are seeking their lives have brought anguish upon them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1419	19:10	ck5z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “sight” can be expressed with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the men who went with you are watching” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1420	19:11	vi9r		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1421	19:11	uis2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can repair it again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1422	19:13	l6aa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The words “the houses” may be supplied here. Alternate translation: “the houses of the kings of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1423	19:13	u9v5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	People who are not acceptable for God’s purposes are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1424	19:15	ut7s		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1425	19:15	d4pr		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1426	19:15	rv5y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases both speak of the people being stubborn. In the first phrase, Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had made their necks stiff. Alternate translation: “stubbornly refused to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1427	20:intro	apn5		Jeremiah 20 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 20:7-18. Special concepts in this chapter Pashhur This chapter prophesied punishment against a specific leader named Pashhur. He was in charge of protecting the temple and had Jeremiah beaten and arrested. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) Jeremiah’s reaction Jeremiah’s reaction contrasts with the reaction of the Jews in general. Although Jeremiah was not happy with Yahweh’s actions, he still trusted in Yahweh. On the other hand, the Jews were not happy with the prophecies Yahweh gave to Jeremiah, so they beat the prophet. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
1428	20:1	l4ka	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1429	20:1	xjd1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1430	20:2	h7fz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Possible meanings are (1) that Pashhur himself beat Jeremiah or (2) that Pashhur ordered other men to beat Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1431	20:2	rg2f		Stocks are a wooden frame with holes in it that people use to lock up a prisoner’s hands, feet, and head.
1432	20:2	yc2r		This gate is different from the gate in the city wall that shared the same name.
1433	20:3	wf2c		This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1434	20:3	pwz5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This name means “terror on every side” or “surrounded by terror.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1435	20:4	a8gs		This word adds emphasis to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
1436	20:4	ebi2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “fall by the sword” means that they will die in battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “their enemies will kill them with swords” or “their enemies will kill them in battle” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1437	20:4	xmk6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the word “eyes” represents Pashhur. Alternate translation: “you will see it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1438	20:4	n4ua	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “I will enable the king of Babylon to conquer all of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1439	20:5	hbk2		Here the word “him” refers to the king of Babylon.
1440	20:5	kd4g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Yahweh repeats the same basic idea four times for emphasis. Babylon will take away all the wealth of Israel, including the king’s possessions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1441	20:5	j1gs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Placing things in people’s hands represents giving thing to the people or allowing the people to take the things. Alternate translation: “I will give these things to your enemies” or “I will allow your enemies to take possession of these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1442	20:6	i5vn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There, people will bury you and all of your loved ones to whom you prophesied deceitful things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1443	20:7	sx22		Jeremiah speaks to Yahweh.
1444	20:7	xwv7		Some modern versions interpret these Hebrew expressions as “Yahweh, you persuaded me, and I was indeed persuaded.”
1445	20:7	np4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you deceived me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1446	20:7	r6kv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the way others mock him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1447	20:7	r3gc		This is a person whom others laugh at and make fun of.
1448	20:8	dqv6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he proclaimed Yahweh’s message boldly. Alternate translation: “openly proclaimed” or “proclaimed loudly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1449	20:8	bd79	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “word” refers to the message of Yahweh. The words “reproach” and “mocking” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people reproach and mock me every day because I proclaim Yahweh’s message” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1450	20:8	t4n7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “reproach” and “mocking” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people have ridiculed Jeremiah for proclaiming Yahweh’s message. Alternate translation: “a reason for people to ridicule me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1451	20:9	bs6s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Possible meanings are (1) “I will never mention Yahweh or say anything about him” or (2) the word “name” represents authority. Alternate translation: “I will no longer speak as his messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1452	20:9	a3zh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the words “heart” and “bones” represent Jeremiah’s innermost being. Jeremiah speaks of being unable to not speak Yahweh’s message as if Yahweh’s message were a fire that burns within him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s word is like a fire that burns deep within me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1453	20:10	tf3t		Jeremiah’s enemies say these words.
1454	20:10	x8mp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of his enemies waiting for him to do something wrong for which they might accuse him as if they were watching for him to fall down. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1455	20:10	zz5y		Jeremiah’s enemies say these words.
1456	20:10	i3zl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Perhaps we can trick him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1457	20:11	zzb4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Jeremiah compares Yahweh helping him and defending him against his enemies to a powerful warrior. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1458	20:11	yi4y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of his enemies trying to harm him as if they were chasing after him and of their failing to harm him as if they were to stagger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1459	20:11	a96t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bring great shame upon them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1460	20:11	uvt7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will never forget it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1461	20:12	m8yj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “mind” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides, and the word “heart” is a metonym for what a person feels and desires. Alternate translation: “know every person’s thoughts and feelings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1462	20:13	g8hc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “hand” represents power. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom evildoers oppress with their power” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1463	20:14	z188		Jeremiah continues speaking to Yahweh.
1464	20:14	rdr5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Curse the day I was born” or “Let people curse the day when I was born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1465	20:14	n6m1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not bless the day that my mother bore me” or “Do not let people bless the day that my mother bore me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1466	20:15	se5g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Curse the man who informed my father” or “Let people curse the man who informed my father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1467	20:16	r8ir		This refers to the man who informed Jeremiah’s father of Jeremiah’s birth.
1468	20:16	p6vf		This refers to Sodom and Gomorrah.
1469	20:16	l3tc		Here the word “he” refers to Yahweh.
1470	20:16	ucg7		Here the word “him” refers to “that man.”
1471	20:17	j5v9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of his dying while his mother was still pregnant with him as if his mother’s womb were his tomb. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1472	20:17	z5dt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of his pregnant mother never giving birth to the baby in her womb as if she had been pregnant forever. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1473	20:18	zc9e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jeremiah uses this rhetorical question to complain that there was no good reason for him to be born. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There was no reason for me to be born only to see troubles and agony … shame.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1474	20:18	szf6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “troubles” and “agony” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the amount and severity of suffering. Alternate translation: “to experience so much suffering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1475	20:18	fz2s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the word “days” represents all the days of Jeremiah’s life. Alternate translation: “my life is filled with shame” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1476	21:intro	d7pt		Jeremiah 21 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 21:12-14. Special concepts in this chapter Jerusalem doomed God will fight against Jerusalem and will use the nation of Babylon to fight his battle. If the Jews wanted to live, they needed to surrender to Babylon. Most of the Jews would have rather died than to surrender to Babylon. Usually, fighting against a Gentile nation was a sign of trust in Yahweh’s power. In this instance, it was a sign of trust in Yahweh to surrender. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
1477	21:1	tf6j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:1, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1478	21:1	ur9x		This is not the same Pashhur that was mentioned in Jeremiah 20:1.
1479	21:1	ad5j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1480	21:1	zpe3		“Pashhur and Zephaniah said to Jeremiah”
1481	21:2	q4d4		This was a polite, but urgent request. Alternate translation: “Please speak to Yahweh for us … attacking us”
1482	21:2	z5nz		“as he did in the past”
1483	21:2	s62n		“will make him go away”
1484	21:4	leg9		This tells the hearer to pay special attention to what follows.
1485	21:4	ax9r		Possible meanings are (1) to make useless or (2) to send back into the city.
1486	21:4	rb48	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Possible meanings are (1) the instruments of war refers to the soldiers who carry them and “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the soldiers that you command” or (2) the instruments of war are literal weapons and “your hand” represent both the king and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “the weapons that you and your soldiers carry” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1487	21:4	a79u		This term here is another name for the Babylonians.
1488	21:4	xk9a		“coming close to you”
1489	21:4	cju6		Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh will allow the Babylonians to enter the city or (2) Yahweh will cause the Israelites to bring their weapons back into the center of the city.
1490	21:5	hc2w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	This is emphatic and stresses that Yahweh is the one who will do this. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1491	21:5	jrm2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Both of these phrases are idiomatic expressions that refer to great power. Alternate translation: “with very great power” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1492	21:5	f3ic	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These words all mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the great intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “with extremely great anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1493	21:6	c5rg		“those who live in Jerusalem”
1494	21:7	k4qv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here this refers to the battle in which swords are used. Alternate translation: “the war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1495	21:7	ziv3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hand” refers to the power of their enemies over them. Alternate translation: “into the power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1496	21:7	vgu8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	All of these phrases refer to Nebuchadnezzar and his army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1497	21:7	z1zk		“wanting to kill them”
1498	21:7	equ4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Possible meanings are (1) this is a metonym for death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle” or (2) they will be killed by literal swords. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1499	21:7	j95p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These three phrases have the same meaning and emphasize that Nebuchadnezzar will deal severely with them. Alternate translation: “He will not show them any mercy or compassion at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1500	21:8	uz34		“the people of Jerusalem”
1501	21:8	k2vf		Yahweh is offering the people of Jerusalem a choice that will determine whether they live or die.
1502	21:9	uw2k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Death by the sword refers to death in battle. Alternate translation: “in battle and by famine and plague” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1503	21:9	fn95	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This symbolic act represents surrender. Alternate translation: “surrendering to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1504	21:9	g472		“attacked you from all sides”
1505	21:9	as7l		The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape with his life, even though he will lose all his possessions.
1506	21:10	s4dv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1507	21:10	e61c		“am staring angrily at”
1508	21:10	wwu1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1509	21:10	jk2w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have given it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1510	21:10	sef1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hand” represents the power of the king to destroy the city. Alternate translation: “into the power of the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1511	21:11	u3ev		This may serve as a title for 21:12 - 23:8. Alternate translation: “Listen to what Yahweh says about the king of Judah, his family, and his servants”
1512	21:11	l7p3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to king and his family. Alternate translation: “the king of Judah and his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1513	21:12	nl9b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This refers to the same people as “the house of the king of Judah.” All of the kings of Judah were descendants of David. Alternate translation: “Descendants of David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1514	21:12	s22h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Always treat the people whom you rule over fairly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1515	21:12	l5bg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the power of the one who oppresses them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1516	21:12	bpj8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if it was a fire that would burn up those who did evil. Alternate translation: “I will punish and destroy you in my anger quickly and completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1517	21:12	ph8p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah continues the simile of Yahweh’s punishment as a fire that was so hot that no one could put it out with water. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1518	21:13	a8zt		This alerts whoever is hearing to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
1519	21:13	qie5		Possible meanings are (1) this may refer to Jerusalem, which was located above a valley, because “inhabitant” is singular and feminine, as is Jerusalem or (2) this is directed to another city or group of people. Most versions leave the original form rather than specifying the city.
1520	21:13	h96i		“I oppose” or “I am going to punish”
1521	21:13	dxt4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	These questions are used to state their confidence that they can resist attack. Alternate translation: “No one will attack us! … No one will enter our houses!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1522	21:14	uf3g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The result of their evil deeds is spoken of as fruit which grew from those practices. Alternate translation: “I will punish you as you deserve because of the things you have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1523	21:14	nf8v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor for the columns of wood that supported the palace or (2) these are literal patches of brush. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1524	22:intro	in1u		Jeremiah 22 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 22:6-10, 13-28, 28-30. Special concepts in this chapter Luxury and oppression Because the king lived in luxury and oppressed the poor, God was sending him and his mother into captivity unless he repented. The king lacked justice. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
1525	22:1	z5bz		“the palace of the king of Judah.” The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived.
1526	22:1	qfg5		“proclaim this message”
1527	22:2	qj9k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	These gates are the gates of the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “your people who come to visit the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1528	22:3	qb4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “Act fairly and justly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1529	22:3	m8e5		“rescue anyone who has been robbed from the hand of the oppressor”
1530	22:3	y9er	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “the hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “the power of the oppressor” or “the one who would harm him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1531	22:3	m38q		“Do not treat badly”
1532	22:3	z2z9		a child who does not have parents
1533	22:3	b6c5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “pour out … blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “Do not … murder innocent people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1534	22:3	t9h8		Possible meanings are (1) Jerusalem or (2) the whole country of Judah. This does not imply that it is good to murder people in other places.
1535	22:4	f37x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The metonym “throne” refers to kingly authority like David had. Alternate translation: “kings, ruling like David before them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1536	22:4	vfy3		This refers to the gates to the courtyard of the palace.
1537	22:4	l5m1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This phrase is a metonym that describes the kings as powerful and wealthy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1538	22:4	rx2m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	This sentence lists all who will be powerful and wealthy. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he, his servants, and his people will ride into the palace on chariots and horses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1539	22:5	zef9		“if you refuse to pay attention to” or “if you do not obey”
1540	22:5	w37m		This phrase here appears to refer specifically to the royal palace.
1541	22:6	hfy3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the royal palace where the king lived or (2) “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, who were the royal line of the kings of Judah. Alternate translation: “the royal dynasty of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1542	22:6	v879	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Possible meanings are (1) “You are as beautiful as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon” or (2) “You give me as much pleasure as Gilead or the summit of Lebanon.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1543	22:6	ahd6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	What was formerly beautiful is said to become bare and deserted. Alternate translation: “cause you to become empty like the desert” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1544	22:7	wcw6		“I have chosen an army to attack you”
1545	22:7	d1mn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meaning are (1) the beams of the palace or (2) the leading men of the royal family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1546	22:7	wb7h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are (1) a literal fire that will burn the palace beams or (2) the destruction of the royal family is spoken of as if they were burned in a fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1547	22:8	t15z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “nations” refers to the people from those nations that pass by. Alternate translation: “Then many people from various nations will pass by this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1548	22:9	a4v3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases mean the same thing. The phrase “bowed down” describes the posture that people used in worship. Alternate translation: “they worshiped other gods” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1549	22:10	mwb9		Yahweh has shifted from addressing the King of Judah and is now speaking to a general audience.
1550	22:10	n3gc		This is singular, and refers to King Josiah who had been killed.
1551	22:10	nz1s		This refers to King Jehoahaz who was taken into exile in Egypt.
1552	22:10	mc5c		“never come back and see the land of Israel again” or “never see his homeland again”
1553	22:11	gm4b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	The name in Hebrew is “Shallum,” but he is better known as Jehoahaz. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1554	22:11	rw5q		“who became king when his father, Josiah, died”
1555	22:13	qz4r		The words “him” and “his” and “who” and “he” refer to King Jehoahaz (verse 11).
1556	22:13	qb7j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The abstract nouns “unrighteousness” and “injustice” have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis, and can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “unjustly forced men to build his house and his upper rooms” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1557	22:13	rzx8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jehoahaz (verse 11) and his family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1558	22:13	b5uz		This refers to any of the neighbors of King Jehoahaz (verse 11) whom the king forces to work.
1559	22:14	m567		These refer to King Jehoahaz (verse 11).
1560	22:14	ub8w		These characteristics all describe a very expensive house.
1561	22:15	ag7u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for his expensive palace. Alternate translation: “Having a cedar palace does not make you a good king.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1562	22:15	b88r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to remind Jehoiakim about the example of his father, King Josiah. Alternate translation: “Your father King Josiah enjoyed his life, yet did … righteousness.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1563	22:15	y86v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These abstract nouns have similar meanings, are repeated for emphasis and can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “act justly and fairly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1564	22:16	nkx5		“Things went well for him”
1565	22:16	y4lk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to rebuke Jehoiakim for not following the example of his father, King Josiah. Alternate translation: “This is what it means to know me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1566	22:16	rd6y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1567	22:17	tab3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “eyes” is a metonym for seeing and “heart” is a metonym for thinking. Alternate translation: “you never look for or think about anything except … crushing of others” or “you only look for and think about ways to cheat others and pour out innocent blood, and to oppress and crush others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1568	22:17	u23t		This is getting money by cheating or by using unfair means.
1569	22:17	idh3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “pouring out … blood” is associated with murder, and “blood” refers to the murdered people. Alternate translation: “murdering innocent people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1570	22:17	l1rn		“doing violence to others in order to get money”
1571	22:18	h7h1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	In verse 18, Yahweh stops speaking directly to Jehoiakim and begins to speak to other people. Here “lament” refers to grieving at Jehoiakim’s death. Alternate translation: “They will not lament for Jehoiakim when he dies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1572	22:18	n6j5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Yahweh uses the word “Woe” several times for emphasis. He addresses the various people who would normally show great sadness when someone dies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1573	22:19	s435	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The burial of Jehoiakim is spoken of as being the same as the manner in which people would bury a donkey. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will bury his dead body the way they would bury a dead donkey; they will drag it away and throw it out” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1574	22:20	ggs2		It appears that Yahweh is here speaking to the people of Jerusalem, telling them that they will be destroyed.
1575	22:20	gv51	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom refers to shouting. In this case, they are crying out in grief. Alternate translation: “Cry out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1576	22:20	ptb6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	a mountain range that was southeast of Jerusalem (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1577	22:21	t5yr		“I spoke to you when you were doing well”
1578	22:21	fs7b		“This was your way of life”
1579	22:21	n4fz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Listening is a metonym for obeying. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1580	22:22	l2p1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This is a wordplay—Yahweh uses the idea of “shepherd” in two different ways. Here “shepherds” is a metaphor for the leaders of Jerusalem, and the wind “leads” them away. The wind represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will take your leaders away as if the wind had blown them away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1581	22:22	m6ua		“become captives” or “go into exile”
1582	22:23	i6fc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of the royal palace as “Lebanon” and “cedar buildings” because it was constructed with a lot of cedar. Alternate translation: “You who live in a palace made from the cedars of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1583	22:23	n9dg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	This “You” is singular and refers to the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1584	22:23	x4j2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The meaning of the Hebrew is not clear. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “they will greatly pity you” or (2) “you will groan greatly.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1585	22:23	vfv9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The pain that the king will feel when his enemies defeat him will be as intense as the pain a woman feels in childbirth. Alternate translation: “when you experience pain as intense as the pain of a woman in childbirth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1586	22:24	lcv6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	Yahweh speaks to Jehoiachin as if it were possible for him to be the ring on Yahweh’s hand. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1587	22:24	fu3p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	A signet ring was used by a king to place his seal of authority on documents. The signet ring therefore represents authority to rule. The right hand also represents authority to rule. Alternate translation: “the signet ring on my right hand that represented my authority to be king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1588	22:24	dv7c		“I would tear you off from my hand” or “I would quickly pull you off of my hand”
1589	22:25	s6ia	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have made it possible for the ones seeking your life to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1590	22:25	h93i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the metonym “hand” represents power and control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1591	22:25	sr7r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in Jeremiah 11:21. Alternate translation: “trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1592	22:27	cm6e		This refers to the land of Judah.
1593	22:28	clg1		It is not clear who is speaking in verse 28.
1594	22:28	h3sy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jehoiachin is spoken of as a pot that was completely worthless and not liked by anyone. The questions emphasize that he has no value or friends. Alternate translation: “Jehoiachin is as useless as a broken vessel and no one is happy with him.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1595	22:28	qal1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This rhetorical question explains what will happen to the worthless Jehoiachin. Alternate translation: “Therefore the enemy will remove Jehoiachin and his family from the land and take them to a foreign land.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1596	22:28	vh5v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jehoiachin and his descendants are spoke of as if they had been poured out in another country like garbage from a vessel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1597	22:29	ac8x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Yahweh speaks his message to all the people of the land by calling out to the land where they live. The title is repeated to call attention to the message. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
1598	22:30	ll6p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Jehoiachin has several sons. This phrase, then, means it is as if he was childless. His children will not succeed him as king. Alternate translation: “It will be as if he did not have any children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1599	22:30	h57d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Sitting on a throne is a metonym for ruling as king. Alternate translation: “become king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1600	23:intro	u767		Jeremiah 23 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:5-6, 9-24. Special concepts in this chapter Prophesying lies The false prophets had encouraged people to continue sinning by saying everything will be alright. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Wordplay In Hebrew, the word for “message” can also mean “burden.” In translations that are using footnotes, you may want to explain the wordplay in a footnote. In translations that are not using footnotes or which will primarily be distributed in an oral form, you may need a sentence like “What message has the Lord burdened you with now?” or “You (plural) call God’s message a heavy burden on you.”
1601	23:1	q9nk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	In verses 1-4, Yahweh refers to Israel as his pasture, the people of Israel as his sheep, and the leaders of Israel as the shepherds. Shepherds have a duty to protect the sheep, but the leaders were not doing that. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1602	23:1	z9sb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1603	23:2	hus7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1604	23:3	rk1f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh continues to speak about the people of Israel as if they were his sheep and the leaders of Israel as if they were his shepherds. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1605	23:3	n6wn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh refers to the land of Israel as if it were good pasture for his people. This good pasture is a metonym for provision for their needs. Alternate translation: “to good pasture” or “to where all their needs will be supplied” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1606	23:3	k44c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The word “increase” explains how they will be “fruitful.” Alternate translation: “they will increase greatly in number” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1607	23:4	ybw9		“I will appoint”
1608	23:4	t983	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “be shattered” mean that someone has caused them to be afraid and mean basically the same thing as “fear.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will make them afraid anymore” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1609	23:4	n8p6		“None of my people”
1610	23:4	ku28	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1611	23:5	xn4x		This word alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1612	23:5	wru3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom means he will appoint a successor. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1613	23:5	wi4u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This future king descended from David is spoken of as if he were a branch grown on a tree. Alternate translation: “a righteous descendant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1614	23:5	he9a		Some modern versions translate this as “a legitimate successor to the throne.”
1615	23:5	ki8r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract nouns “justice” and “righteousness” can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “cause people to act justly and rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1616	23:5	k63x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “land” refers to the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “for all the people in the nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1617	23:6	ls7f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Judah” refers to the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will be rescued” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1618	23:6	cl3x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will rescue Judah from their enemies” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1619	23:6	y7s1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel will live in security” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1620	23:6	b9n9		this refers to the king
1621	23:6	tg6a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the one who does what is right for us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1622	23:7	kss4		This verse is very similar to Jeremiah 16:14, although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated that verse.
1623	23:7	t4jx		The word “see” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows.
1624	23:7	xb5a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	“as surely as Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 4:2. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1625	23:8	d1ds		This verse is very similar to Jeremiah 16:15, although not exactly the same. Compare how you translated that verse.
1626	23:8	yqm5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “who brought back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1627	23:8	e2wl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1628	23:8	eqs7		This refers to the way the northern ten tribes of Israel were captured and spread out among the surrounding countries.
1629	23:8	c7iz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This refers to Israel, from where they were scattered. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then they will live in their own land again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1630	23:9	j7qj		In verses 9-32 Jeremiah delivers Yahweh’s message to the false prophets and the priests. Jeremiah is speaking in verse 9, but it is not clear if verse 10 are the words of Jeremiah or of Yahweh.
1631	23:9	f11c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The prophet speaks of his heart being broken and his bones trembling because he is afraid of the judgment that will result from the lies of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “I have great fear for what will happen because of the false prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1632	23:9	lb5c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom refers to deep sadness. Alternate translation: “I am very sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1633	23:9	g6mk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here trembling is associated with fear. Alternate translation: “I am very afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1634	23:9	a63q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	People who are drunk are not able to control themselves. Likewise, Jeremiah has lost control of himself out of fear of Yahweh’s punishment. Alternate translation: “I am like a drunk man; I cannot control myself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1635	23:10	v7jt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	The land is spoken of as if it were a container and the adulterers were objects that filled the container completely. That is, everyone in the land is an adulterer, which in turn is an exaggeration for very many people being adulterers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1636	23:10	pz91	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This word here probably has two senses. It has the literal meaning that the men in the nation had committed adultery against their own wives, and it also has the figurative meaning that they had abandoned Yahweh in order to worship idols. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1637	23:10	t6w1		Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew phrase as “the land mourns.”
1638	23:10	u1vx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The wicked actions of the false prophets are spoken of as if they were walking on an evil path. Alternate translation: “These prophets are doing things that are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1639	23:11	g5xv		Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9.
1640	23:11	pq1v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The prophets and priests are defiled by sin in the same way that water can be polluted by filth. Alternate translation: “the prophets and the priests are sinful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1641	23:12	fgb1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The danger of their actions is spoken of as if they were about to fall off the slippery edge of a cliff in the dark and injure themselves. Alternate translation: “there actions are unstable and dangerous, like walking on a slippery place in the darkness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1642	23:12	cdv6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of disaster as an enemy that he will send to attack the priests and false prophets. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to experience disaster” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1643	23:13	q2w8		Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9.
1644	23:13	sqi5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The deception of the people by the false prophets is spoken of as leading them down the wrong path. Alternate translation: “deceived my people, the Israelites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1645	23:14	kpq8		Possible meanings are (1) they were literally unfaithful to their wives or (2) their worship of other gods is spoken of as spiritual adultery.
1646	23:14	gu9j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom means they lived a life of deceit. Alternate translation: “live in dishonesty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1647	23:14	v93v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “They strengthen those who do evil” or “They encourage people who do evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1648	23:14	hf5u		This can be state in positive form. Alternate translation: “everyone continues in their sin”
1649	23:14	cc8r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Sodom and Gomorrah were cities that were so wicked that God destroyed them with fire from heaven. Alternate translation: “They all became as evil as Sodom … as wicked as Gomorrah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1650	23:15	t5fw		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1651	23:15	cv5x		The word “look” here alerts the reader to pay attention to the important information that follows.
1652	23:15	ug5g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Wormwood is a plant that is very bitter and unpleasant to eat. This phrase describes the punishment that Yahweh was going to bring about on the evil prophets. In the same way wormwood was bitter and the water was poisonous, so would Yaweh’s judgment be on the evil prophets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1653	23:15	wjd4		“I will soon”
1654	23:15	zxk6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here the evil teaching of the priests and false prophets is spoken of as if it were something filthy that ruined the land. Alternate translation: “evil has come from the prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1655	23:15	fxa4		dirty and unsafe things that spoil the air, water, or land where they are found
1656	23:16	z212		Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9.
1657	23:16	u2nu		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1658	23:16	yu7d		“The prophets have caused you to believe something that is not true!”
1659	23:16	qzm5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “minds” refers to the thoughts of the false prophets. Alternate translation: “visions that they imagined” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1660	23:16	nij1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “mouth” refers to what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “not what Yahweh said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1661	23:17	e3yb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	The word “constantly” is an exaggeration to emphasize that this is what they normally say. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1662	23:17	kg1k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “heart” refers to their desires. To follow those desires is spoken of as walking in them. Alternate translation: “everyone stubbornly does whatever they desire to do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1663	23:17	ww1a		“Nothing bad will happen to you”
1664	23:18	rtl1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	These questions are used to rebuke the priests and false prophets for not obeying Yahweh. Alternate translation: “No one advises Yahweh. No one understands what Yahweh says. No one obeys Yahweh’s commands.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1665	23:18	crs3		These two phrases mean the same thing. They can be combined in one phrase. Alternate translation: “obeys his word at all”
1666	23:19	sv8q		Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9.
1667	23:19	b4tl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	These three phrases all refer to a great storm that is a metaphor for Yahweh’s anger. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s anger is coming like a great storm, going out with fury and whirling like a tempest” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1668	23:19	gsy3		a violent windstorm
1669	23:19	w4qs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it were a windstorm whirling around the wicked. Alternate translation: “It is coming upon the wicked like a windstorm” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1670	23:20	n8pg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Yahweh’s wrath is spoken of as if it were alive and could act on its own. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not stop being angry until he” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1671	23:20	p9sd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “heart’s intentions” refers to the things that Yahweh wanted to happen. Alternate translation: “completed and accomplished all the punishment that he had planned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1672	23:20	b1p2		“the future”
1673	23:21	duz4		Yahweh is the speaker in verses 21-40.
1674	23:21	e2zq		Jeremiah continues to deliver Yahweh’s message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9.
1675	23:21	jy71	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is understood that they are prophesying falsely. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they have prophesied falsely anyway” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1676	23:22	nx49	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	Yahweh states what would have happened if the priests and false prophets had participated in Yahweh’s council meeting in heaven. This hypothetical situation is impossible. Alternate translation: “if they had truly listened to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1677	23:22	kym3		In ancient times, God was thought to hold meetings with the angels in heaven. Yahweh is referring to this kind of meeting, which humans could not attend. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 23:18.
1678	23:22	n2ix	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom means they would stop doing these things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1679	23:23	w171		Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9 and completes in Jeremiah 23:40.
1680	23:23	dpw9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not rule everywhere. Alternate translation: “I am not only a God who is here in Jerusalem … but I am everywhere!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1681	23:23	ek7y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1682	23:24	s2d6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this question to rebuke the priests and false prophets for thinking that he did not see the evil that they were doing. Alternate translation: “No one can hide in a secret place so I cannot see him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1683	23:24	asa4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is everywhere in heaven and on earth. Alternate translation: “I am everywhere, both in the heavens and on the earth.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1684	23:25	efh2		Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9 and completes in Jeremiah 23:40.
1685	23:25	z8fx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The word “deceit” can be expressed as an adjective or an adverb. Alternate translation: “prophesying deceit things” or “prophesying deceitfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1686	23:25	aqc3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This phrase refers to speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. See how you translated this phrase in Jeremiah 14:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1687	23:25	ax5f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	They meant that this dream was from God. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I had a dream from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1688	23:26	ud78	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh asks this question to emphasize that this is something that should not continue. Alternate translation: “This should not continue, prophets declaring lies which they themselves have made up.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1689	23:26	acr3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the false prophets made up their prophesies. Alternate translation: “prophesy things that come only from their own minds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1690	23:27	z1ge	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “name” refers to the whole being of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “forget me … forgot me” or “forget who I am … forgot who I am” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1691	23:27	ph7r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Baal’s name” refers to the god Baal. Alternate translation: “leading my people to worship Baal instead of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1692	23:28	uu8f		Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9 and completes in Jeremiah 23:40.
1693	23:28	nf21	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1694	23:29	cmi2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses these questions to emphasize that his word is much more powerful than the words of mere men. In that way, his word is like fire or a hammer. Alternate translation: “My word is powerful like fire … and powerful like a hammer that shatters a rock into pieces.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1695	23:30	s9jd		“I am opposed to”
1696	23:30	za3e		This implies that the false prophets are thieves. They are so evil that they take each other’s messages without permission rather than make up their own false messages.
1697	23:31	fj9k		Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9 and completes in Jeremiah 23:40.
1698	23:31	eh6r		This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
1699	23:31	cyr7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “tongues” is a metonym for the ability to speak. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1700	23:33	a291		In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
1701	23:33	c2ph		Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9 and completes in Jeremiah 23:40.
1702	23:33	rek5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	These two instances of “you” are singular and refer to Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1703	23:33	t7eb		Here “burden” means a message or prophecy from Yahweh.
1704	23:33	smx4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	These two instances of “you” are plural and refer to the false prophets and the priests. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1705	23:33	gg8m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “burden” means a heavy load. This is a metaphor that means they annoy Yahweh and he no longer wants to put up with them. Alternate translation: “You are a burden that I am tired of carrying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1706	23:33	ct8x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1707	23:34	dnw7		Here “burden” means a message or prophecy from Yahweh.
1708	23:34	zc9i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “house” is a metonym for the family that lives inside it. Alternate translation: “his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1709	23:35	x255		In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
1710	23:35	lj8n		Yahweh continues to deliver his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9 and completes in Jeremiah 23:40.
1711	23:35	m2dm		It may be helpful to reorder this sentence. Alternate translation: “Each person continues to ask his neighbor and his brother, ‘What did Yahweh answer?’ and ‘What did Yahweh declare?’”
1712	23:36	c4en		Possible meaning are (1) both instances of “burden” mean “message.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer call your visions the ‘burden of Yahweh’ because they are really only every man’s own words, and” or (2) the first ‘burden’ means “message” and the second means “heavy load.” Alternate translation: “You must no longer talk about the ‘message of Yahweh’ because the words that each of you speak are what is a ‘heavy load.’ In this way”
1713	23:36	ppq7		To “pervert” something is to twist or distort it. Alternate translation: “you have changed the message of the living God, Yahweh of hosts, our God, to say what you want it to say and not what God said”
1714	23:37	ntt4		In verses 33-40 there is a wordplay with the word “burden.” Sometimes it means “a message” and other times it means “a heavy load to carry.” This wordplay should be retained if possible.
1715	23:37	pg4g		Yahweh completes his message about the false prophets and priests that he began in Jeremiah 23:9.
1716	23:37	u96b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Here “you” is singular and refers to Jeremiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1717	23:38	da5b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	All of these instances of “you” are plural and refer to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1718	23:39	uyp8		“therefore, pay attention.” This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows.
1719	23:39	w43s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of sending these priests and false prophets into exile as if they were an object that he was going to throw far away. Alternate translation: “I am about to drive you away from me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1720	23:39	u7cv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	All of these instances of “you” are plural and refer to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1721	23:39	ad6n		This refers to Jerusalem.
1722	23:40	bq3w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	This instance of “you” is plural and refers to the priests and false prophets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1723	23:40	t2qe		“I will cover you with shame that will last forever and insult that you will never forget” or “I will cause people to make fun of you forever. People will never forget that you were disgraced.” Yahweh speaks of the humiliation of the priests and false prophets as if he would put shame and insult on them like clothing.
1724	23:40	p6n8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that will last forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1725	24:intro	fru9		Jeremiah 24 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The exiles are blessed and the others punished God will bless the people who were taken away into Babylon but punish the people left in the land because they still did not repent and turn to him. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
1726	24:1	dy22		All instances of this pronoun refer to Jeremiah.
1727	24:1	gh4c		The word “Behold” here shows that Jeremiah saw something interesting.
1728	24:1	mx54	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This part of the story is used to provide historical information to show when the events of the happened. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1729	24:1	gms2		people skilled at building things
1730	24:1	i6yi		people skilled at creating things out of metal
1731	24:2	yn27	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one could eat them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1732	24:3	wk1l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one could eat them … no one can eat them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1733	24:4	th8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1734	24:5	bn7y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “look on” is an idiom that means Yahweh will take care of them. Alternate translation: “I will take good care of the exiles of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1735	24:5	vt5h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The good figs represent those Judean exiles sent to the land of Chaldea. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1736	24:6	p9np	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “set my eyes” means he will see them. Seeing them is a metonym for caring for them. Alternate translation: “I will bless them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1737	24:6	i7sm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two metaphors have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Alternate translation: “I will help them to prosper in Chaldea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1738	24:6	pp2q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speak of the exiles as a building which Yahweh will build and not tear down. Alternate translation: “I will help them flourish in the land, and not ruin them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1739	24:6	whb1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speak of the exiles as plants which Yahweh will plant in good soil and not pull out. Alternate translation: “I will establish them in the land, and not remove them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1740	24:9	hi95	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how thoroughly Yahweh will judge the people of Jerusalem. They will become something that will frighten other people when they see it. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1741	24:10	f8lu		“I will kill them with war, famine and sicknesses”
1742	24:10	j4rn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “sword” refers to war or enemy armies. Alternate translation: “I will send enemy armies” or “I will send out war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1743	24:10	k2as	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	These things are spoken of as if they were living things that could attack the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1744	24:10	l4fs		“none of them remain in the land”
1745	25:intro	uf7k		Jeremiah 25 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 25:30-38. Special concepts in this chapter Seventy years Babylon will rule over Judah for seventy years. Because Yahweh is just, he will soon punish Babylon for their evil actions. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Idiom Jeremiah uses the idiom of drinking the cup of wine of God’s punishment to say that Babylon will destroy all the surrounding nations and then be destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1746	25:1	jgw9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 7:1. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1747	25:1	a9rv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1748	25:3	q39g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1749	25:5	nw93	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of people who stop committing an action as if those people were turning away from that action. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1750	25:5	xe34	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The terms “wicked way” and “corruption of his practices” mean the same thing and refer to every sinful thing that they do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1751	25:5	jc1p		“his corrupt practices”
1752	25:6	yxs7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of a person being devoted to a god as if the person were walking behind the god. Alternate translation: “do not become devoted to other gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1753	25:6	cgg6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The word “him” refers to Yahweh. Possible meanings for the phrase “the work of your hands” are (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh with the idols that you have made” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “do not provoke Yahweh by the things that you do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1754	25:7	fz11	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 25:6. Possible meanings for the phrase “the work of your hands” are (1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the idols that you have made with your hands” or (2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “you have provoked me to harm you because of the things that you do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1755	25:7	t2s6		“so that I do harm to you”
1756	25:8	i8m8		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1757	25:9	rd1n		“look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
1758	25:9	kxv7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom to “bring … against this land” means that they will attack the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “bring them to attack this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1759	25:9	h39v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “set … apart for destruction” means to destroy something completely. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1760	25:9	h2cj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will turn them into something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1761	25:9	e1u4		The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval and can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people will hiss”
1762	25:10	nzy3		These are two large, round stones used to grind grain.
1763	25:10	n68f		See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:34.
1764	25:11	zyt1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The words “desolation” and “horror” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I will cause this land to be desolate and something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1765	25:12	m9ye		“after seventy years” or “after seventy years have passed”
1766	25:12	pua7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The noun “desolation” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “desolate forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1767	25:13	dbu3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “everything that Jeremiah has written in this book” or “everything that one has written in this book” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1768	25:14	tv7d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of punishing the people of the nations for what they have done as if he were paying them back. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1769	25:14	l9f2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The idiom “the works of their hands” refers to the actions of a person, with the word “hands” being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate translation: “everything that they have done” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1770	25:15	uqa7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of his extreme anger as if it were wine that fills a cup. Alternate translation: “Take this cup of wine that represents my fury” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1771	25:15	nl26	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Yahweh speaks of people experiencing his fury as if they were to drink the wine that is in the cup. Alternate translation: “make all the people of the nations … drink the wine” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1772	25:16	y8ww	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of the people being terrified about his fury as if they were drunk from drinking the wine from the cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1773	25:16	ftn1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “because of the wars that I am causing to happen among them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1774	25:17	ti8x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1775	25:17	h4ut	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “I made all the people of the nations … drink the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1776	25:18	a2nm		The adjective “terrifying” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “something that terrifies people”
1777	25:18	m6p4		The word “hissing” refers to a sound that shows strong disapproval. Both “hissing” and “cursing” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “an object at which people hiss and which they curse”
1778	25:18	jbw1		Possible meanings are that this phrase (1) refers to the time when the book of Jeremiah was written and some time after Jeremiah had proclaimed this prophecy or (2) means that the things about which Jeremiah prophesies here have already started to happen.
1779	25:19	zv1x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1780	25:19	c8ay	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “People from other nations also had to drink the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1781	25:20	lnv5		Possible meanings are (1) people whose ancestors were from different people groups or (2) foreigners who lived in Egypt.
1782	25:20	y7a1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1783	25:22	q9z1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1784	25:22	e275		This is a reference to the Mediterranean Sea.
1785	25:23	ufe5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1786	25:23	ak9u		This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “all the people who live on the edge of the wilderness.” See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 9:26.
1787	25:23	dgh2		“they also had to drink the wine from the cup”
1788	25:24	gv4u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1789	25:25	dg7i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1790	25:26	kn4i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom that means every person, one after another. Alternate translation: “one after another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1791	25:26	f9h6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “the cup” is a metonym for the wine that it contains. Alternate translation: “all of these people had to drink the wine from the cup in Yahweh’s hand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1792	25:27	p9dl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This passage continues the metaphor of Yahweh’s extreme anger as wine that he causes the people of the nations to drink from a cup. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1793	25:27	dq9j		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1794	25:27	v2lj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “before the wars that I am causing to happen among you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1795	25:29	ut1e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This refers to Jerusalem and can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the city that I have called by my name” or “Jerusalem, which I have called by my name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1796	25:29	xp4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh asks this question to rebuke the people and to emphasize that he will certainly punish them. Alternate translation: “so do not think that you yourselves will be free from punishment.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1797	25:29	xg8j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “sword” represents war. Yahweh speaks of declaring war against the people as if he were calling a sword against them. Alternate translation: “I am declaring war against all the inhabitants of the land” or “I am bringing war against all the inhabitants of the land” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1798	25:30	c55r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh shouting very loudly as if he were roaring like a lion. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1799	25:30	l53r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This phrase is a metonym for heaven. Alternate translation: “from heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1800	25:30	x8nc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh as if he were a lion and his people were a flock of sheep. The people will be helpless when Yahweh comes to punish them, as sheep are helpless when a lion attacks. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1801	25:30	ct53		This refers to people who crush grapes in a winepress with their feet in order to make wine.
1802	25:31	fjq3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom that means the farthest places on the earth. By referencing both ends, it refers to everywhere in between. Alternate translation: “to the farthest places on the earth” or “to everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1803	25:31	ytv7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “flesh” represents humanity. Alternate translation: “on all mankind” or “on all people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1804	25:31	luq6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1805	25:32	gee1		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1806	25:32	vv51		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1807	25:32	zv4e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Yahweh speaks of great disasters happening in each nation as if “disaster” were a person who goes from nation to nation. Alternate translation: “great disasters are going to happen in one nation after another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1808	25:32	dfh9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) Yahweh speaks of Babylonian army and the destruction that it will cause as if it were a great storm or (2) Yahweh speaks of his great anger as if it were a great storm that causes much destruction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1809	25:33	nd4h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1810	25:33	zab4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	By mentioning both ends of the earth, this phrase represents everywhere in between those ends. Alternate translation: “will on that day cover the entire earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1811	25:33	gm43	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will mourn them, gather them, or bury them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1812	25:33	brq6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The bodies are compared to dung on the ground to emphasize that they will be disgusting and that no one will bury them. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 16:4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1813	25:34	i7rd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds who are responsible for protecting and caring for the people, who, implicitly, are spoken of as if they are the sheep. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1814	25:34	tec2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This is a sign of sorrow, mourning or distress. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1815	25:34	ufa1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This phrase also refers to the leaders of Israel who are responsible to care for the people, who are spoken of as if they were a flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “you leaders of the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1816	25:34	chn4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	Usually it is the sheep that are slaughtered, but here Yahweh says that he will slaughter the shepherds. The word “slaughter” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “for the time has come for me to slaughter you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1817	25:34	cj7k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of the leaders of Israel being destroyed as if they are pieces of pottery that shatter when they fall to the ground. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will fall like fine pottery and your shattered pieces will scatter on the ground” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1818	25:36	taa7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of the nation in which the leaders think that they live peacefully as if it were the “pastures” in which they care for the sheep (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1819	25:37	n1fc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh continues to speak of the leaders of Israel as if they were shepherds. Here he speaks of the nation as the “pastures” in which they think they live peacefully. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1820	25:37	nz1v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will devastate the peaceful pastures because of he extremely angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1821	25:38	gc84	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh punishing his people in his extreme wrath is spoken of as if Yahweh were a lion who leaves his den in search of prey. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1822	25:38	tr4c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The word “horror” may be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “their land will become something that horrifies people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1823	25:38	ef4f		This refers to the anger of Israel’s enemies.
1824	26:intro	m6jw		Jeremiah 26 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The people want to kill Jeremiah The people wanted to kill Jeremiah but other people intervened and said that they should listen to Jeremiah and repent. They represent the remnant of the faithful Jews. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
1825	26:1	hc6c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 18:1, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This message came from Yahweh. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1826	26:1	v8wh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It can be stated clearly who Yahweh gave this message to. Alternate translation: “this word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1827	26:2	f1ff	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The word “cities” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “people from the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1828	26:2	aun6		“Do not leave anything out from what I have told you!”
1829	26:3	x43j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “each man will stop his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1830	26:3	v13u		This is conditional destruction. If Judah repents, God will not destroy but heal them.
1831	26:3	ig56		“the wicked way that they live” or “the wicked things that they do”
1832	26:6	vka9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Yahweh had destroyed a place of worship at Shiloh, and he was threatening to destroy this place of worship. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1833	26:6	qd3h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	What Yahweh would turn the city into is a metonym for what people would use the city for. Alternate translation: “I will make this city so that people will ask me to destroy others the way I have destroyed this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1834	26:6	w3q2		“so that all the nations on earth can see me do it”
1835	26:7	id3z		the temple
1836	26:8	zr32		Possible meanings are (1) The people chose to believe the lie of false peace and did not want to be confronted with the truth, or (2) the people believed the other prophets proclaiming peace and saw Jeremiah as a false prophet who should be stoned for leading the people astray.
1837	26:9	sb1y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This rebuke can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have prophesied … inhabitant.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1838	26:10	kp6h		the name of the gate through which people went into the temple
1839	26:11	n24j		“you heard”
1840	26:12	m8sc		“the people who worship in Yahweh’s temple and those who live in the city of Jerusalem”
1841	26:13	u7ib	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases mean almost the same thing. Alternate translation: “the things you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1842	26:13	u76z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The voice is a synecdoche for the person, and the same word can be translated “listen” or “obey.” Alternate translation: “obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1843	26:14	kr6k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “good” and “right” mean the same thing. The eye is a metonym for the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “Do to me whatever you think is the right thing to do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1844	26:15	r93l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Blood is a metonym for violent death, and to bring blood on someone is to make them guilty of violent death. Alternate translation: “you are making yourselves and this city and its inhabitants guilty of the violent death of an innocent person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1845	26:15	cu9w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These are two ways of speaking of the same people, perhaps first as a group and then as individuals. The city is a metonym for the people in the city. Alternate translation: “all the people in the city and every one of the people who live here” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1846	26:15	mi1q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The ear is a metonym for what the ear hears. Alternate translation: “for you to hear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1847	26:16	jf98	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The person’s name is a metonym for his authority. Alternate translation: “with the authority of Yahweh our God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1848	26:18	z8nb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]
1849	26:18	t6dn		a person from the town or region of Moresheth
1850	26:18	az6u		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1851	26:18	pi1j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	“Zion” and “the hill of the temple” refer to the same place. When a farmer plows a field, he turns over all the dirt and uproots all the plants that are growing there. A thicket is so full of bushes that no one can use it for anything. These two metaphors cannot be literally true at the same time, but they emphasize that Yahweh will allow the invaders to completely destroy the temple area. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1852	26:19	qp3q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. Alternate translation: “You know very well that Hezekiah … did not put him to death.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1853	26:19	pa6c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The land is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1854	26:19	vxq8		The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. Alternate translation: “You know very well that he feared Yahweh and appeased the face of Yahweh so that Yahweh … them.”
1855	26:19	gxw9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The face is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “cause Yahweh to be less angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1856	26:19	fc9w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The speakers are trying to get the hearers to agree with what they are saying. The word “lives” is a metonym for the people. Alternate translation: “If we kill Jeremiah, we will do greater evil against our own lives.” or “We do not want to do worse things to ourselves.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1857	26:20	vwh1		Jeremiah stops telling about his own life and begins telling about what happened to another prophet.
1858	26:20	lp4c		“While what I was just telling you about was happening, there was”
1859	26:20	dij2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The words “city” and “land” are metonyms for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “prophesied that bad things would happen to the people who lived in this city and this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1860	26:21	m5dp		“heard what he said”
1861	26:22	pux5		This is the end of the story of Uriah.
1862	26:22	q88r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	men’s names (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1863	26:23	dgv1		dead body
1864	26:24	d2pc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Ahikam was not a soldier, so he probably was able to talk to people and change their minds. Alternate translation: “Ahikam … was able to help Jeremiah” or “Ahikam … was able to keep the people from harming Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1865	26:24	t71n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	men’s names (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1866	26:24	y6jk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Ahikam did not allow the people to have the power to put Jeremiah to death” or “the people could not kill Jeremiah because Ahikam did not give them the power to” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1867	27:intro	ka54		Jeremiah 27 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The nations should serve Babylon Jeremiah told the king of Judah, and all the surrounding nations, to serve the Babylonians and live in their land. If they refused, Babylon would take them as captives to another land.
1868	27:2	w3cz		things that keep a person from moving freely
1869	27:3	ak1w		This seems to mean that Jeremiah was to send a set of fetters and yoke to each king listed. But some versions of the Bible translate this as “Then send out messages.”
1870	27:3	tkx8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “Have those kings’ ambassadors, who … Judah, take them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1871	27:4	tqe7		Jeremiah was instructed to give a set of chains and yoke to each ambassador and a message for each king regarding the chains and yoke.
1872	27:4	ujr8		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1873	27:5	si5k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “raised arm” refers to great power and intensifies the first phrase. Alternate translation: “by my very great power” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1874	27:5	yla5		Another possible meaning is “I give it to anyone I want to.”
1875	27:6	p2p5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, and the word “lands” is a metonym for the people who live in those lands. Alternate translation: “I … am putting the people who live in all these lands under the power of Nebuchadnezzar … servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1876	27:7	j598	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	You may need to make explicit the nature of the time. Alternate translation: “the time for me to destroy his land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1877	27:7	q3bv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “him” refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents the kingdom of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will defeat Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1878	27:8	p98j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal on to the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. Alternate translation: “and whose people do not willingly become slaves of the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1879	27:8	e21c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The hand here could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar’s power, or it could be a metonym for Nebuchadnezzar’s armies. Alternate translation: “I have used Nebuchadnezzar’s power to destroy it” or “I have enabled Nebuchadnezzar’s armies to destroy i” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1880	27:9	yx3t		Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the people of Judah
1881	27:9	vwe7		people who say what will happen in the future
1882	27:11	l1up	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 27:8. Alternate translation: “the nation whose people willingly becomes slaves of the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1883	27:11	hi97		The nation here is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the nation of people who place”
1884	27:11	w1tr		This means to prepare and use land to grow food crops
1885	27:11	eq6b		“make their homes in their own land”
1886	27:12	d48x		Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the king of Judah.
1887	27:12	s392		Being the king’s slave is spoken of as being an animal onto the shoulders of which the king puts a yoke so it can do heavy work. See how similar words were translated in Jeremiah 27:8.
1888	27:12	gls2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	The word “your” refers to Zedekiah and the people of Judah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1889	27:13	dl31	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jeremiah uses this question to warn the king that his actions will lead to his death. Alternate translation: “For if you do not do this, you will surely die … king.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1890	27:14	sgg7		Yahweh continues to speak through Jeremiah to the king and people of Judah.
1891	27:14	dre5		Yahweh is warning the people about all the false prophets that he did not send and that are lying to them.
1892	27:15	xb8h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The phrase “in my name” represents speaking with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. Here these prophets claim that they received their message from Yahweh, but that had not. The abstract noun “deceit” can be translated as the verb “deceiving.” Alternate translation: “they say they are speaking for me when they prophesy, but they are deceiving you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1893	27:15	qnt1		“I will force you to leave your home country”
1894	27:16	uap6		Jeremiah continues to speak the words of Yahweh.
1895	27:16	cbz7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People are bringing back all the gold items that they took from Yahweh’s temple!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1896	27:17	sk8y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses a question to warn the people. Alternate translation: “You can keep this city from becoming a ruin if you do what Yahweh wants you to do.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1897	27:18	a925	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh knows is not true. Alternate translation: “If they were prophets, and if the word of Yahweh had truly come to them, they would beg” or “Because they are not prophets and the word of Yahweh has not truly come to them, they will not beg” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1898	27:18	p374		The phrase “word of Yahweh” refers to messages from God. Alternate translation: “if Yahweh has truly given them messages” or “if Yahweh truly spoke messages to them”
1899	27:18	tay8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh is speaking of himself in third person. Alternate translation: “my word … be me, Yahweh of hosts, not” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1900	27:18	ej1m		The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace where the king lived. Alternate translation: “the palace of the king of Judah”
1901	27:19	h1ve		Jeremiah continues to bring the message of Yahweh.
1902	27:19	sly4		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1903	27:19	mv9m		These were objects that were in the temple. “The Sea” was a large bronze bowl.
1904	27:20	x7ff		The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
1905	27:21	r3av		Jeremiah continues to speak the words of Yahweh.
1906	27:21	x7vp		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1907	27:21	trv4		The word “house” has a range of possible meanings. In this case it refers to the royal palace there the king lived. Alternate translation: “the palace of the king of Judah”
1908	27:22	s56l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will bring them to Babylon” or “I will bring them to Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1909	27:22	au73	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1910	27:22	jjc7		The reader should understand that Yahweh will have people carry them up.
1911	28:intro	r9mb		Jeremiah 28 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter False prophecies continue A false prophet prophesied that the captives would return from Babylon with all the temple vessels. Jeremiah told the false prophet that he would die that year for prophesying lies, and he did die. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
1912	28:1	eue8		Hananiah claims to speak for God.
1913	28:1	uk8e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. This was after Zedekiah had been king for three years. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1914	28:1	i5s1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1915	28:2	nwh3		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1916	28:2	aar4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I have made it so you are no longer slaves of the king of Babylon” or “I have set you free from slavery to the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1917	28:3	ccb6		Hananiah continues to speak.
1918	28:4	p8wn		The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
1919	28:4	g5wx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom I sent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1920	28:6	jm3q		“May Yahweh prove you have prophesied truly”
1921	28:8	kgg7		“The prophets who lived long ago before you and I”
1922	28:9	v7cm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “then you will know that he is indeed a true prophet and that Yahweh has sent him out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1923	28:11	ski8		“Just as Hananiah has taken the yoke off Jeremiah’s neck”
1924	28:11	aj19	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Hananaiah speaks of the people being in slavery as if they were oxen on which the Babylonians had put yokes to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I will make it so all nations are no longer slaves of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” or “I will set every nation free from slavery to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1925	28:11	u45s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “nation” is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the people of every nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1926	28:11	dg28	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the yoke that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has imposed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1927	28:11	ahp8		put on people
1928	28:12	qez4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1929	28:13	k1s2		“You broke a weak yoke, but I will replace it with a yoke that you cannot break”
1930	28:14	u3bq		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1931	28:14	y7rs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of making nations to be slaves of Nebuchadnezzar as if he were putting yokes on oxen to make them do heavy work. Alternate translation: “I have made all of these nations slaves, and they will have to serve Nebuchadnezzar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1932	28:16	mdf5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. Alternate translation: “you urged people to rebel against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1933	28:17	gp9j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1934	29:intro	l6ne		Jeremiah 29 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Two letters Jeremiah sent a letter to Babylon telling the exiles to prepare for a long stay. A false prophet in Babylon wrote back to the chief priest telling him to punish Jeremiah. Even though Jeremiah had prophesied the exile, the Jews still did not believe him. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
1935	29:1	j1gt		“proclaimed from Jerusalem”
1936	29:1	kv6v		“elders who were still alive”
1937	29:2	ici1		The Hebrew text has “Jeconiah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
1938	29:2	lph9		the king’s mother
1939	29:2	dd2l		“very important officials”
1940	29:3	jx8m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Jeremiah gave the scroll to Elasah so that Elasah could take it to Babylon. The reader should understand that Elasah probably put the scroll in a container to keep it safe as he traveled. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1941	29:3	c79u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1942	29:4	wj14		When people wrote letters in that society, they would write their name first, then the name of the person to whom they were writing, and then the main part of the letter. Yahweh speaks of himself by name as if he were writing the letter himself.
1943	29:4	zdg1		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1944	29:5	b9h6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh is telling them they will be there for a long time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1945	29:6	x2ss		Parents commonly arranged their children’s marriages.
1946	29:7	e28z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The peace of the city is a metonym for the people living in peace. Alternate translation: “Do everything you can so the people of the city live in peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1947	29:7	y2ms		These words refer to the city of Babylon.
1948	29:8	n627		Yahweh continues speaking to the captive Israelites.
1949	29:8	ty27		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1950	29:8	uw13		Another possible meaning is “you are encouraging the prophets to have for you.”
1951	29:9	k591		Possible meanings are (1) these words refer to the prophets and diviners, not to the dreams or (2) “they are prophesying deceitfully” refers to the dreams, and “I did not send them” refers to the prophets and diviners.
1952	29:9	dl19	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1953	29:10	u5xk		Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to the captives of Israel.
1954	29:10	j5jj		the captive Israelites
1955	29:10	f7ht	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“70 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1956	29:12	y9js		Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to the captives of Israel.
1957	29:12	t5ie	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Praying is spoken of as calling out with a loud voice. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1958	29:12	chj7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This implies that Yahweh will give them what they want. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1959	29:13	t4q8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Wanting to know what Yahweh requires is spoken of as trying to find where Yahweh is. Alternate translation: “you will want to do what I require you to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1960	29:13	w17i		“you will be completely sincere when you seek me”
1961	29:14	wng6		“I will cause things to go well for you again” or “I will cause you to live well again”
1962	29:14	e84g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I sent you into exile” or “I sent you to be exiles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1963	29:15	mq78		Jeremiah speaks to the captive Israelites.
1964	29:16	nxs3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. Alternate translation: “the king who rules the Israelites as David did” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1965	29:17	v7vj		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1966	29:17	c4i2		This alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention”
1967	29:17	u8ah	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “sword” is a metonym for war. The sword, famine, and disease are spoken of as people who can obey Yahweh’s command to harm the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I am going to punish them by having them die in war, from hunger, and from illness” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1968	29:17	u3lc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Rotten figs are useless because they cannot be eaten, and Yahweh sees no use for the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1969	29:18	pv3g		Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Israel.
1970	29:18	c9s9		These words all share similar meanings and describe how the people of other nations will react when they see what Yahweh has done to the people of Judah.
1971	29:18	m2u4		the sound people make when they disapprove of something
1972	29:19	xg4e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1973	29:20	n6ah		Yahweh is now about to issue a command and wants them to pay attention. Alternate translation: “But as for you, listen carefully”
1974	29:21	hg4m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1975	29:21	li6x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “name” is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “liars who tell you that they are speaking my words to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1976	29:21	rtz1		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1977	29:21	nlw5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to conquer them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1978	29:21	rp45		“where you can see him do it”
1979	29:22	bu5e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the captives of Judah in Babylon will say a curse about these persons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1980	29:22	d1hq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This word usually refers to cooking food over an open fire or in a pan, not to burning completely. Possible meanings are (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “burned to death” or (2) the king’s men attached them to poles over the fire close enough that the fire would slowly kill them but far enough away that it would not totally consume their bodies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1981	29:23	siu5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1982	29:24	b1e4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1983	29:24	zl7z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1984	29:25	l5qk		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
1985	29:25	atv3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “name” refers to a person’s authority and reputation. Alternate translation: “based on your own authority and reputation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1986	29:25	p62k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1987	29:26	x2p7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1988	29:26	bf8u		a wooden frame that holds the feet, hands, or head of a person whom someone is punishing
1989	29:27	z9tj		This finishes the letter by Shemaiah that he sent out to the people in Jerusalem.
1990	29:27	p5f5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Shemaiah uses a rhetorical question to scold the people of Jerusalem for not rebuking Jeremiah. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I want you to rebuke Jeremiah of Anathoth … against you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1991	29:28	v7fm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	You may need to make explicit what it was that Jeremiah sent. Alternate translation: “he has sent a message to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1992	29:28	v3zf		See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 29:5.
1993	29:29	vih2		“so that Jeremiah the prophet could hear him read it.” See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 2:2.
1994	29:30	z78k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1995	29:31	ysp9		See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 29:24.
1996	29:32	h1dk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	This can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the good things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1997	29:32	q7ck	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1998	29:32	bs4i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Yahweh speaks of himself by name. Alternate translation: “he has urged people to rebel against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1999	30:intro	pf1y		Jeremiah 30 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:5-24. Special concepts in this chapter God promises restoration Despite the prophesied punishment in this chapter, Yahweh promises to restore Judah. In addition to this, he also declares that he will ultimately restore Israel. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter The author uses the term “Israel” in two different ways. He uses it in reference to the nation of Israel. He also uses it in reference to the people who used to inhabit the northern kingdom of Israel, namely the people group of Israel.
2000	30:1	f64q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2001	30:3	iwm1		“For listen carefully.” This phrase brings attention to what Yahweh is going to say next.
2002	30:3	s2us	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in Jeremiah 7:32. Alternate translation: “in the future … I will restore the fortunes” or “there will be a time … when I will restore the fortunes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2003	30:3	db1t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2004	30:3	xt2s		“I will cause things to go well for my people, Israel and Judah, again” or “I will cause my people, Israel and Judah, to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 29:14.
2005	30:4	m5dx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2006	30:5	l2xq		Possible meanings are (1) that these are the words of Yahweh referring to himself as “we.” Alternate translation: “I have heard” or (2) that these are the words of the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You people of Jerusalem say, ‘We have heard”
2007	30:5	mej1		Possible meanings are (1) “people cry out in dread because there is no peace” or (2) “you cry out in dread because there is no peace.”
2008	30:6	br85		“You know that no man has ever given birth to a child”
2009	30:6	t7ik	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	A woman about to give birth is in great pain and unable to do anything. The young men are so frightened that their bodies hurt, and they are unable to fight. Alternate translation: “The young men are holding their bellies like a woman giving birth; they all look sick because they are so afraid.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2010	30:7	uva8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The name Jacob is a metonym for the man’s descendants. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the descendants of Jacob, but I will rescue them from it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2011	30:8	es78		Yahweh continues to speak to the Israelites.
2012	30:8	h8gt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Being a slave is spoken of as wearing a yoke like an animal and wearing chains like a prisoner. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2013	30:9	zlx4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh continues speaking about the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “you will worship Yahweh your God … your king … over you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2014	30:9	qp76	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This is a metonym for one of David’s descendants. Alternate translation: “a man descended from their King David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2015	30:10	j2kb		Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
2016	30:10	ff1b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	“Jacob” and “Israel” are the two names of the ancestor of the Israelites, and these names are metonyms for the Israelites. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob … you Israelite people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2017	30:10	ldb9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2018	30:10	gri4		“do not be discouraged”
2019	30:10	anv7		“Listen carefully while I tell you why: I am”
2020	30:10	t49p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “captivity” can be translated using the noun “captive.” Alternate translation: “from the place where they were captives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2021	30:10	zir5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Jacob’s name is a metonym for his descendants. Yahweh speaks to Jacob as if he were speaking to another person. You may need to make explicit to where Jacob will return. Alternate translation: “Jacob will return to his own land … he will be secure” or “The descendants of Jacob will return … they will be secure” or “You descendants of Jacob will return … you will be secure” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2022	30:10	f2gl		“safe”
2023	30:11	e618		“where I have sent you”
2024	30:11	zng1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	“But I will not completely destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2025	30:11	r6x7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2026	30:12	mt3r		Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
2027	30:12	fs7f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This means that Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2028	30:13	k22x		“There is no one who asks me to show you mercy”
2029	30:13	bxy1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh has punished them so severely that there is no one who can help them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2030	30:14	xev8		Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
2031	30:14	v4ha	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh describes the people of Israel as an unfaithful wife who takes lovers other than her husband. Here “lovers” refers to other nations. The Israelites allied with them and worshiped their gods instead of relying on Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2032	30:14	a26m		“They no longer want to be your friends”
2033	30:14	rir2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh has treated his people like he would treat his enemy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2034	30:14	b768	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh has treated his people like a cruel master would treat a rebellious slave. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2035	30:14	m2nq		“your sins, which are too many to count”
2036	30:15	q12y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh asks a question here to make the people think about why they are asking him for help now. Alternate translation: “You are calling for help for your injury because you have disobeyed me.” or “Do not call for help for your injury.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2037	30:16	d7ma	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Destroying the nation is spoken of as consuming or eating it. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So those who destroy you, their enemies will destroy them” or “So I will destroy everyone who destroys you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2038	30:16	a2ze		To plunder is to steal from peaceful people using violence, and plunder is what people steal.
2039	30:16	i8dj		To despoil here is to take items from an enemy one has defeated, and the items one takes are the spoil.
2040	30:17	xdt5		See how you translated these words in Jeremiah 30:12.
2041	30:17	wi66	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2042	30:17	bdr3		An outcast is a person whom other people do not accept or allow to associate with them. Alternate translation: “they called you: Rejected” or “they said, ‘Nobody wants you’”
2043	30:17	sg4l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The place name “Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in Zion. Alternate translation: “No one cares about the people of Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2044	30:18	n9h7		Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
2045	30:18	bcm3		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
2046	30:18	q3jx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The places where people live are metonyms for the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “I am about bring back the fortunes of the descendants of Jacob, and I will have compassion on them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2047	30:18	c7w1		“I will cause things to go well for the people in Jacob’s tents again” or “I will cause the people in Jacob’s tents to live well again.” See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 29:14.
2048	30:18	di2a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. You may need to make explicit that the city they will build will be Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Then they will rebuild Jerusalem on its ruins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2049	30:19	rrl4		“Then they will sing songs of praise and joy”
2050	30:19	hbg1		“I will cause them to increase in number, not to become fewer”
2051	30:19	z7qu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one will humble them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2052	30:20	u5tb		Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
2053	30:20	tnn9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will establish them as a people before me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2054	30:21	nyu6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translates this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2055	30:23	u8p2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of God’s anger and punishment as if it were a storm. This emphasizes his power and ability to destroy wicked people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2056	30:24	wc7x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “intentions” can be translated using the verb “intends.” The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “what he intends to do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2057	31:intro	r3ad		Jeremiah 31 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 31:1-6, 8-22, 35-37. The ULT sets 31:29 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is an important quotation. This chapter begins with a transition from the previous chapter. “At that time” is a reference to the day of restoration mentioned in Jeremiah 30:24. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) Special concepts in this chapter The new covenant This chapter is an important teaching regarding the new covenant. God will make a new covenant that will bring forgiveness of sins and a desire to obey God. Scholars disagree about whether this new covenant has begun. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Israel In this chapter, Jeremiah uses the term “Israel” in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole. He also uses it in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel and their people group.
2058	31:1	p3h6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2059	31:2	ht7e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “found favor” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “While the people who have survived the sword have been in the wilderness, I have had grace on them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2060	31:2	ml2j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “sword” is a metonym for war. Alternate translation: “who have survived the war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2061	31:2	kc9p		Another possible meaning is “wilderness, where Israel went out to find rest.”
2062	31:3	egs4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Jeremiah speaks of himself as if he were the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2063	31:3	rmr8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “I have been faithful to my covenant and brought you near to me” or “I have faithfully loved you and brought you near to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2064	31:4	ab77		Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
2065	31:4	bv1q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Yahweh purposefully repeats the idea that he will build Israel to emphasize it. If your language can only use active verbs and has some other way to emphasize the idea, you may want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I will build you up again. Remember this: I will build you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2066	31:4	bt11	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	It was common to refer to nations as if they were women. However, “virgin” makes a person think about a young woman who has never married and so has never had the opportunity to be faithless to her husband. Therefore, calling Israel a virgin is an ironic use of language. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 18:13. Alternate translation: “Israel, who falsely pretends to be fully devoted to me” or “my faithless people Israel” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2067	31:4	v1aw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	musical instruments with heads like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2068	31:7	n6rl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Yahweh is speaking in an apostrophe to all people of the world, so these verbs are plural. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
2069	31:7	g2zs		“the most important people group of all the nations” or “the people group that is more important than any other”
2070	31:7	hu9h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Cause everyone to hear your praise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2071	31:8	tg8t		Yahweh continues speaking about how he will bring the Israelite people back from being captives in Babylon.
2072	31:8	y2x1		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
2073	31:8	jg4x		“to bring the Israelite people”
2074	31:9	ai7p		Yahweh will lead them and they will be praying to Yahweh. Some ancient versions read, “Yahweh will lead them and will comfort them.”
2075	31:9	v75t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “Ephraim” is another name for “Israel.” Alternate translation: “I will be like a father to the people of Israel, and they will be like my firstborn child” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2076	31:9	gg9d		The firstborn had special honor and responsibility.
2077	31:10	z57h		Yahweh continues speaking about how he will bring the Israelite people back from being captives in Babylon.
2078	31:10	n8v4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	Yahweh is speaking to the nations, so these verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
2079	31:10	dc3t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were someone else, and he speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a helpless woman. Alternate translation: “I caused my people Israel to be scattered among the nations, but now I am bringing them home and keeping them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2080	31:10	pyt3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	A shepherd cares for and protects his sheep, and Yahweh is promising to care for and protect the Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2081	31:11	t3xt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that it is Yahweh who has rescued the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh has rescued the people of Israel from their enemy who was too strong for them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2082	31:12	x6vs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	“on Zion, the high place” or “on Mount Zion.” Being on top of a hill is a metaphor for being happy. If your language associates mountain tops with sadness, it would be best to leave out the metaphor. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2083	31:12	s2y2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This means they will be strong and healthy, and they will prosper. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2084	31:12	d4iw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	The world “never” is a generalization. The Israelites will almost always feel joy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2085	31:13	f4jc		The abstract nouns “mourning” and “celebration” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to mourn no longer but instead to celebrate” or “I will make it so they are no longer sad but happy”
2086	31:13	z18g		“Yahweh will change”
2087	31:14	v9rm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “abundance” can be translated as “many good things.” The lives of the priests are spoken of as if they were a field that would become completely wet when much rain falls on it. Life is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “I will give the priests all the good things they would like” or “I will satisfy the priests with good things” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2088	31:14	yp3m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2089	31:15	gfw6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hear a voice in Ramah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2090	31:15	qr6k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Rachel was the wife of Jacob/Israel and was the mother of the tribes of Joseph and Benjamin. Her name is a metonym for the women of Israel who are crying because the Babylonians have killed their children or taken them away. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2091	31:15	iel2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “She will not let anyone comfort her, for her children are dead” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2092	31:16	sw6x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The voice and eyes are spoken of as if they were people whom Rachel needed to keep from moving. Alternate translation: “Stop weeping aloud and stop crying tears” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2093	31:16	m4pv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Yahweh is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to Rachel (Jeremiah 31:15), so all instances of “your” and the commands are singular. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2094	31:16	n1bx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	In both instances of this phrase, Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2095	31:17	v8ly	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Yahweh is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to Rachel (Jeremiah 31:15), so all instances of “your” and the commands are singular. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2096	31:18	we7q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Ephraim was the ancestor of the largest tribe in Israel. His name is a metonym for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “I have certainly heard the descendants of Ephraim sorrowing” or “I have certainly heard the people of Israel sorrowing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2097	31:18	mfd1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The speaker repeats the phrase to show either that Yahweh punished him severely or that Ephraim learned what Yahweh wanted to teach him through punishing him. The words “I have been punished” can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You punished me. Yes, you punished me severely” or “You punished me, and I learned from you when you punished me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2098	31:18	s9qf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	When people train calves, they strike them and otherwise cause them to suffer. Yahweh had caused the people of Israel to suffer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2099	31:18	pay9		Another possible meaning is “disciplined.”
2100	31:19	ip4s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in grief. If people use a different phrase or action in your language to show that they are very sad, you may want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I rubbed my brow” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2101	31:19	p5xj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “ashamed” and “humiliated” mean basically the same thing and intensify the idea of shame. Alternate translation: “I was completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2102	31:20	lm82	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh is speaking tenderly, trying to comfort the people. These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Ephraim is my precious child. He is my dear, delightful son. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2103	31:20	y1a8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2104	31:21	tws6		God continues to speak from verse 7.
2105	31:21	t8m8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	These commands and instances of “yourself” and “your” and “you” are addressed to “virgin Israel” and so are singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
2106	31:21	kbs3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God is referring to a changed Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2107	31:22	w4vz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh is telling his people that he is becoming impatient with them because they are not obeying him. Alternate translation: “Do not hesitate to start obeying me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2108	31:22	ix8p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are (1) be unable to decide what to do or (2) often go off the correct path, a metaphor for disobeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2109	31:22	gt15	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Possible meanings are (1) the people will be so safe that women will not need anyone to protect them or (2) this is an idiom for something no one would ever expect. Alternate translation: “new on earth—something as strange as a woman protecting a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2110	31:23	i697		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2111	31:23	glu1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Here this refers to the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2112	31:23	v46w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Jerusalem is on the top of a hill, and the temple was built at the highest point in Jerusalem. AT; “May Yahweh bless those who live in Jerusalem with Yahweh, where his temple is” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2113	31:23	w9bz		Mount Zion, where the temple had stood
2114	31:24	w96e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The name of the man Judah is a metonym for the land on which his descendants, the people of the tribe of Judah, live, and the cities of Judah are spoken of as if they were the family of the man Judah, all of them living “there,” in the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “it will be as if the land were a house in which Judah lived with his family” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2115	31:24	r4wa		“and farmers and those who set out with flocks will also live there”
2116	31:24	ycz6		people who take care of sheep and goats
2117	31:26	fc1y		“had refreshed me”
2118	31:27	nmn8		“Pay attention” or “Listen”
2119	31:27	hzy4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in Jeremiah 7:32. Alternate translation: “in the future … I will sow” or “there will be a time … when I will sow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2120	31:27	u22q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2121	31:27	h4zz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the people of Israel and the people of Judah. The house in turn is spoken of as if it were a field in which Yahweh would sow seed, and the people and the animals they raise for food, milk, and skins are spoken of as if they are that seed. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Israel and Judah to become many people with many animals” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2122	31:28	k8da		“looked for ways to uproot them”
2123	31:28	i6nn		See how you translated these ideas in Jeremiah 1:9.
2124	31:28	ha61	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a house or a food crop. Alternate translation: “in order to make them strong and many” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2125	31:29	h14f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	These words are a proverb that Jeremiah heard people say when they were complaining that Yahweh was punishing children for the sins of their fathers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
2126	31:29	cx2i		Possible meanings are (1) grapes with too much acid in them or (2) grapes that are not ripe. If grapes are not part of your culture, you may want to use a general word for fruit.
2127	31:29	ic1b		Use the common words in your language for how people’s mouths feel when they eat sour or unripe fruit.
2128	31:30	uyf9		“For each man will die because of his own sins”
2129	31:30	pl7f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	Jeremiah restates the proverb so that it now means people will suffer as a consequence of their own behaviors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
2130	31:31	tl76		“Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am going to tell you”
2131	31:31	kz1m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in Jeremiah 7:32. Alternate translation: “in the future … I will establish” or “there will be a time … when I will establish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2132	31:31	wtb3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2133	31:31	d1xu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2134	31:31	q554	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2135	31:32	nqk6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	as a loving husband would hold the hand of his wife as they walk (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2136	31:33	j6dq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2137	31:33	bkt8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2138	31:33	bf4z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh’s law will become a part of them, rather than merely written on stone. Here “heart” represents “emotions” or “mind.” Alternate translation: “My law will be part of their thoughts and emotions” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2139	31:34	qvg2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	This phrase refers to every person, from the least important to the most important. Alternate translation: “every single one of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2140	31:36	l19t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. Alternate translation: “These permanent things will never vanish … and Israel’s descendants will never stop from forever being a nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2141	31:36	rfl3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2142	31:37	z5ud	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh never expects to truly happen. Alternate translation: “The highest heavens can never be measured, and the earth’s foundation below can never be discovered, and I will never reject all of Israel’s descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2143	31:37	yx41	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	These phrases refer to the whole of creation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2144	31:37	ejs7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone can dig all the way down to the earth’s foundation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2145	31:37	p28t		“deepest part.” The “foundation” is the part of a house on which every other part rests.
2146	31:37	l43y		throw away or refuse to take
2147	31:37	j9cp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2148	31:38	s6ck	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in Jeremiah 7:32. Alternate translation: “in the future … the city will be rebuilt” or “there will be a time … when the city will be rebuilt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2149	31:38	nfv8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2150	31:38	g1l1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will rebuild the city for me” or “I will have them rebuild the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2151	31:38	nd1w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2152	31:39	pz74	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2153	31:40	bf2f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will set apart the whole valley … for me” or “I will have them make the whole valley … holy for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2154	31:40	z7hx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2155	31:40	j8yq		“made holy”
2156	31:40	gu9q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The city is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone could pull out of the ground or a building that someone could break down. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow anyone to pull up or overthrow the city again” or “No one will tear the city down or destroy it again” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2157	32:intro	vcw6		Jeremiah 32 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The king should have listened to the prophet Jeremiah and repented of his sin. Instead, he objected to his message. Yahweh punished him because of this. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Israel The term “Israel” is used exclusively in reference to the nation of Israel as a whole in this chapter.
2158	32:1	xs6y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:2 Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2159	32:1	mul1		“after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than nine years and Nebuchadnezzar had been king for more than seventeen years”
2160	32:2	nkx2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they were keeping Jeremiah as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2161	32:2	fp96	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2162	32:2	ke5d		This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners.
2163	32:3	ih69	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Zedekiah do this. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2164	32:3	p2a2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Here “him” refers to Jeremiah. It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2165	32:3	x9qt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Zekekiah uses a question to rebuke Jeremiah. Alternate translation: “It is wrong for you to continue prophesying and saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2166	32:3	sd28	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that one person could give to another. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “I am about to put this city under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I am about to allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with this city” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2167	32:3	r41w		It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people would help the king of Babylon take control of the city.
2168	32:4	ymp7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will certainly put him under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2169	32:4	jf8a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “mouth” and “eyes” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “Zedekiah himself will see and directly speak with Nebuchadnezzar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2170	32:5	h4hy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2171	32:5	q8rv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Here “you” is plural and refers to the people in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2172	32:6	bkt2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2173	32:6	js77	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated it in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave me a message. He said, ‘Look” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me: ‘Look” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2174	32:7	d1sv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	The long quotation that begins with the words “The word of Yahweh” in verse 6 ends here. You may translate this as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah said that the word of Yahweh had come to him and told him that Hanamel son of Shallum his uncle was coming to him and would tell him to buy his uncle’s field that was in Anathoth for himself, for the right to buy it belonged to Jeremiah.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2175	32:7	z5u4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2176	32:7	ane1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2177	32:8	j42b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Jeremiah continues speaking, but he begins to speak of himself in first person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2178	32:8	t71a		This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2179	32:9	f1zz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “17 shekels” or “187 grams” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2180	32:10	i97w		Jeremiah continues speaking.
2181	32:10	yj4l		This refers to the deed that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm that Jeremiah had purchased this land.
2182	32:10	mbq3		“had people watch me purchase the land so they could tell others that I had purchased the land”
2183	32:11	npr2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I sealed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2184	32:11	sh86		“opened copy” or “the deed that did not have a seal on it”
2185	32:12	ta8p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2186	32:12	f3bq		The open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2187	32:13	fq7l		Jeremiah continues speaking.
2188	32:13	i63i		Here “them” refers to Hanamel, the witnesses, and the Judeans.
2189	32:14	la2y		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2190	32:15	g6gc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel will buy houses, vineyards and fields again in this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2191	32:16	m2ju		Jeremiah continues speaking. He begins a long prayer, a lament with a long introduction of praise.
2192	32:16	puz1		This means the sealed scroll and the unsealed scroll.
2193	32:17	xs6m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	The word “woe” here indicates that in this prayer Jeremiah is sad, complaining or lamenting. The word “look” here indicates that the next words are an introduction or background for the most important part of the prayer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2194	32:17	r8xl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the words “your great strength” and “your raised arm” form a doublet. Alternate translation: “by your great power” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2195	32:18	zsm3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “You are faithful to your covenant towards thousands” or “You keep your promise and faithfully love thousands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2196	32:18	cd54	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “guilt” is a metonym for Yahweh punishing people because they are guilty of doing evil things. Yahweh punishing people is spoken of as if he were pouring a large container full of liquid or small objects into people’s laps as they sit. Alternate translation: “you punish children for the sins of their parents” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2197	32:19	z67p		Jeremiah continues praying the introduction to his lament to Yahweh.
2198	32:19	zh7i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Open eyes are a metonym for what the person sees. How a person lives is spoken of as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “You see everything that people do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2199	32:19	jhc8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract nouns “conduct” and “deeds,” which are similar in meaning, can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and will reward everyone according to how good or evil the things they do are” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2200	32:20	ff83		This refers to an event in the past when God used his power to free the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt.
2201	32:20	txa5		“To this day”
2202	32:20	v54d		“among all people”
2203	32:20	nuz1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “name” refers to God’s reputation. Alternate translation: “you have made yourself famous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2204	32:21	yz8j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The phrase “strong hand” is a metonym for strength, and the phrase “raised arm” is a metonym for the strength of the arm, so the phrases “strong hand” and “raised arm” form a doublet. Alternate translation: “by your great strength” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2205	32:22	gd9s		Jeremiah continues praying to Yahweh. He ends the introduction to his lament (“Woe,” Jeremiah 32:17) with the words “took possession of it” and begins the lament with “but they did not obey.”
2206	32:22	zm76		“gave the people of Israel”
2207	32:22	m6c3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	“land where milk and honey flow.” God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 11:5. Alternate translation: “land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2208	32:23	j41s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The voice is a metonym for the message the speaker gives. Alternate translation: “But they did not obey what you said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2209	32:24	h8z8		Jeremiah continues praying to Yahweh.
2210	32:24	r8nr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The large piles of dirt and rocks that the enemy built around the city so they could stand on them and attack it are spoken of as if they were the attackers themselves reaching out to capture the city. Alternate translation: “The enemy’s seige mounds are so close to the city that the enemy will be able to capture the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2211	32:24	y1cb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “sword” is a metonym for war, where soldiers use swords. Alternate translation: “because soldiers will attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2212	32:24	b3n7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	These abstract nouns can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “people have no food to eat, and everyone is weak from being ill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2213	32:24	p2wr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have given Jerusalem to the Chaldean army” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2214	32:24	l673		“happening, as you can see very well”
2215	32:25	v7a7		“have people watch you purchase the land so they can tell others that you have purchased the land”
2216	32:25	fl8j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am giving this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2217	32:26	m8wk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2218	32:26	m9gx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2219	32:27	v6cp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he can do anything. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Nothing is too difficult for me to do.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2220	32:28	dcf6		“Listen carefully! I am the one who will give”
2221	32:28	fb9t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a small object that he could put into a person’s hand. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand puts into action. Alternate translation: “put this city under the power of the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2222	32:29	w46s		Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
2223	32:29	s7dq		“so that I would become very angry”
2224	32:30	r5j3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the metonym “eyes” represents what God sees. Possible meanings are (1) “doing what I consider evil” or (2) “doing evil knowing that I am watching” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2225	32:30	e1kb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A person being young is a metaphor for the people of Israel first becoming a nation. Alternate translation: “from the time they were young” or “from the time that they became a nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2226	32:30	qwp4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2227	32:31	fxx2		Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
2228	32:31	u2mt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “city” is a metonym for the people that live there. The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem have made me very angry since the day they built their city” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2229	32:31	bcj1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “provocation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “has been something that has provoked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2230	32:31	v1l3		“They continue to make me angry even now”
2231	32:31	hn3i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The face is a metonym for the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “from my presence” or “completely” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2232	32:33	l9le		Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about what the people of Israel had done.
2233	32:33	tx7l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	One turns one’s face to someone to show that one is listening, and one’s back to show that one refuses to listen. Alternate translation: “Instead of listening carefully to me, they refused to listen at all” or “They refused to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2234	32:33	lg6f		“to learn how to act correctly”
2235	32:34	k9ry		“their idols which I hate”
2236	32:34	jn46	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Here “name” represents Yahweh. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2237	32:35	cau1		See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:31.
2238	32:35	x89j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “mind” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “I never thought at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2239	32:36	y1ua	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Here “you” is plural. Possible meanings are (1) this refers to Jeremiah and those with him, or (2) it refers to all the people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2240	32:36	ag2w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hand” means power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the king of Babylon” or “Yahweh has given the king of Babylon the power to rule it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2241	32:37	j7yh		“to gather my people”
2242	32:37	d9i7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	All three words mean the same thing and emphasize how very angry he is. Alternate translation: “extreme anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2243	32:37	h1sp		“where they are safe”
2244	32:38	a4rn		Yahweh continues speaking.
2245	32:39	q5cb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The people of Israel will want to work together to honor Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2246	32:40	f7yh		“eternal agreement”
2247	32:40	xt5h		“stop doing good”
2248	32:40	w44d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Honor is spoken of as if it were a solid object put in a container from which no one can remove it. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to always honor me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2249	32:40	r8jy		“so that they will never stop obeying and worshiping me”
2250	32:41	f6dv		Yahweh continues speaking.
2251	32:41	diu3		Here “them” refers to the people of Israel.
2252	32:41	rwm9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of having his people live in the land forever as if he were planting plants in a garden. Alternate translation: “I will permanently settle the Israelites in this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2253	32:41	j5ie	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Together, these two phrases form an idiomatic expression that refers to a person’s entire being. Alternate translation: “with all that I am” or “wholeheartedly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2254	32:42	sj3m		“I have caused all these bad things to happen to this people, and now I will cause the good things to happen to them”
2255	32:43	qct6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then people will buy fields in this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2256	32:43	s9q4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Here “you” refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2257	32:43	mhj8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hand” is a metonym for power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given it to the Chaldeans” or “Yahweh has given the Chaldeans power over it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2258	32:44	ytf6		The “sealed scrolls” are the deeds that a person would sign to purchase land. Other people would be witnesses to confirm the purchase.
2259	32:44	tg5c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2260	33:intro	vtz5		Jeremiah 33 General Notes Structure and formatting Covenant faithfulness Despite the great punishment Judah is facing and Israel has undergone, there is hope. This hope is based in the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh. Ultimately, he will restore his people. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
2261	33:1	zhp8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
2262	33:1	rj9y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:13. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah a second time, while Jeremiah was … guard. He said,” or “While Jeremiah was … guard, Yahweh spoke this second message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2263	33:1	wa3r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2264	33:1	k2z4		“he was still a prisoner in”
2265	33:1	fe41		This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2266	33:2	hz5q		who creates things so he can make them exist forever
2267	33:4	g9p1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) the people tore the houses down to make walls to defend against the Chaldeans. Alternate translation: “that the people have torn down to defend against the siege ramps and the sword” or (2) Alternate translation: “the houses that the Chaldeans have torn down to make siege ramps so they can make war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2268	33:4	u2ec	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This is a metonym for people dying violently when soldiers kill with swords. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2269	33:5	lp8r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “in my extreme wrath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2270	33:5	czm7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Yahweh is represented by his “face.” This phrase shows Yahweh’s displeasure with the city. Alternate translation: “I have turned away from you” or “I am no longer concerned with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2271	33:7	z3sl		“I will cause things to go well for Judah and Israel again” or “I will cause Judah and Israel to live well again.” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 29:14.
2272	33:9	l5i7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The city is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “the people who live in this city … do for the people who live there … give to the people who live there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2273	33:9	t8ug	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “song” is a metonym for the object about which people will sing the song. Alternate translation: “something about which all the people groups of the earth will sing songs of praise and honor to me, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2274	33:9	l75s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	The hendiadys “fear and tremble” can be translated by a single verb. Alternate translation: “they will tremble with fear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2275	33:9	i3fz		Another possible meaning is “awe.”
2276	33:9	vmq7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “peace” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “because of all the good things that I will give to it and because I will cause it to be peaceful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2277	33:10	k7wb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Judah has become desolate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2278	33:11	gf2i		the temple in Jerusalem
2279	33:11	pi42	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “land” is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Alternate translation: “I will again cause things to go well for the people who live on the land” or “I will cause the people who live on the land to live well again” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 29:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2280	33:11	cg2k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This refers to the time before the exile to Babylon. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “to what they were before I sent the Israelites into exile in Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2281	33:12	aqm5		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2282	33:13	w446	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his hand. Alternate translation: “shepherds will again count their sheep as the sheep walk by” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2283	33:14	z61y		“Listen carefully”
2284	33:14	rc5u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Future time is spoken of as if the “Days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in Jeremiah 7:32. Alternate translation: “In the future … I will do” or “There will be a time … when I will do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2285	33:14	jj5h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2286	33:14	ed3q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2287	33:14	r2n7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2288	33:14	fsd5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This is a metonym for the people who live in Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2289	33:15	y4wd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The phrase “in that time” means the same thing as, and intensifies the phrase “In those days.” Alternate translation: “In those very days” or “At that very time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2290	33:15	hd8c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of a descendant of David as if he were a branch off of a tree trunk. Alternate translation: “I will cause a righteous man to come from and bring glory to the line of David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2291	33:15	c2sm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the nation of Israel (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2292	33:16	yng7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	These towns’ names are metonyms for the people who live in the towns. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah … the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2293	33:16	sr7d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will save Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2294	33:16	q5ei		“the people of Judah will be safe from their enemies”
2295	33:16	x44h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of Jerusalem as if the town were a woman. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “this is what they will call her” or “this is what I will call the town” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2296	33:17	lnb8		“There will always be a man from David’s line”
2297	33:17	d7da		a male descendant of King David
2298	33:17	pqu6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The throne is a metonym for the king. Alternate translation: “to be king over the house of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2299	33:17	eml3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 3:18. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2300	33:18	g9nx		“and there will always be a man from the Levitical priests to raise burnt offerings”
2301	33:18	i89e		“offer burnt offerings”
2302	33:19	w4dw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2303	33:19	j1gw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2304	33:20	s39s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh is speaking of himself here. Alternate translation: “I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2305	33:20	f1mt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	These words begin a hypothetical statement that describe a situation that will never occur. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2306	33:21	u6sr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If you can break my covenant … times,” in verse 20 ends here. No one can change day and night, and no one can change God’s covenant with David. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot break my covenant … times, so you know that you will never be able to break my covenant with David my servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2307	33:21	x13t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The throne is a metonym for the king who sits on the throne. Alternate translation: “to rule the kingdom I have given to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2308	33:22	xip8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	No one can count the stars in the sky or the sand on the seashore, and no one will be able to count the descendants of David and Levi who serve Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2309	33:23	ufu8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2310	33:23	liq9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2311	33:24	wv8q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh wants Jeremiah to think deeply about what the people have said. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have noticed what this people are really saying when they said, ‘The … them.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2312	33:24	k7ki		“What they are really saying is that my people are worthless and that my people will never again be a nation.”
2313	33:24	yua9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Sight is a metonym for thinking. Alternate translation: “they no longer think of my people as a nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2314	33:25	j74f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	This is the beginning of a hypothetical statement that describes a situation that Yahweh never expects to be true.(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2315	33:26	x6zy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If I have not established the covenant” in verse 25 ends here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2316	33:26	w9mt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	The hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If I have not established the covenant” in verse 25 ends here. This is a situation that Yahweh never expects to be true. Alternate translation: “I have established the covenant … so I will never reject … and I will bring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2317	33:26	z156		“I will cause things to go well for them again” or “I will cause them to live well again” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 29:14.
2318	33:26	e4m9		Translate as “have compassion on” is translated in (Jeremiah 30:18).
2319	34:intro	vkt9		Jeremiah 34 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Law of Moses According to the law of Moses, the people were required to free their indebted slaves after a period of time. The king led them in freeing their fellow Israelites whom they held as slaves, but later they changed their minds and enslaved them again. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Actions with cultural meaning When the people of Israel made a sacred promise to God, they cut a calf in two and passed between its parts. It was a very serious sin not to do what one had promised. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2320	34:1	z8xz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom “The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 7:1, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah when Nebuchadnezzar … her cities. He said,” or “When Nebuchadnezzar … her cities, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2321	34:1	d4fn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name in this chapter. There is no need to translate using first person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2322	34:1	p1vd		“fighting”
2323	34:1	qc7b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This refers to all the towns around Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2324	34:2	g3l2		See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:28
2325	34:2	b3et	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “under the control of the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2326	34:3	x3cf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “You will not escape from his control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2327	34:3	w4mj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians will certainly seize you and give you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2328	34:4	uht1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “sword” is a metonym for dying in war. Alternate translation: “You will not die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2329	34:5	xn8v		The people would burn spices in honor of people who had recently died. They did not burn the dead people’s bodies.
2330	34:5	x2la	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2331	34:7	lw71	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2332	34:7	r9p7		“the only fortified cities of Judah that the Babylonians had not yet captured”
2333	34:8	r2u9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. However, the actual message does not begin until Jeremiah 34:12. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 7:1. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke a message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2334	34:8	pb27		message
2335	34:8	us2n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	These words begin to provide background information to events that will be described later. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2336	34:9	ka4p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	The background information that begins with the words “after King Zedekiah had made a covenant” in verse 8 ends here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2337	34:10	l3j5		Jeremiah continues giving the background information that began in Jeremiah 34:8.
2338	34:12	jbq2		Jeremiah resumes the story from Jeremiah 34:8 after the background information of Jeremiah 34:8-Jeremiah 11.
2339	34:12	pf6k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Yahweh” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah: ‘Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2340	34:13	b8wy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom. “place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2341	34:14	x834		“each of you must free any fellow Hebrews who sold themselves to you and have been your slaves”
2342	34:14	jnm6		“You must let them be free from serving you”
2343	34:14	gs8l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	To incline the ear, to lean the head toward the speaker so as to hear better, is a metonym for paying attention to what the speaker is saying. Alternate translation: “did not … pay attention to what I said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2344	34:15	ryr7		Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2345	34:15	re32	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	“Eyes” here is a metonym for someone’s opinion or idea. Alternate translation: “what I consider to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2346	34:15	x4yg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the house that belongs to me” or “the building in which they worship me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2347	34:16	r5d6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	A person’s name is a metonym for what people think of him. Alternate translation: “stopped doing what was right and did evil things that have made people think that I am evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2348	34:17	n7sg		“Listen!” or “Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you!”
2349	34:17	b72s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	Jeremiah uses irony to say that the “freedom” the people will enjoy will actually be suffering. Alternate translation: “I will proclaim misery to you … misery from the sword, the plague, and famine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2350	34:17	h19u		“proclaim that you are free”
2351	34:17	n2mw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2352	34:17	vx6q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This is a metonym for soldiers who carry swords. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers to kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2353	34:17	eyz6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “sight” represents judgment or evaluation. The word “kingdom” is a metonym for the people who live in the kingdom. Alternate translation: “I am going to make the people in every kingdom on earth think that you are horrible” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2354	34:18	r9sg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	These words begin to describe how the people established the covenant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2355	34:18	cec2		“agreed to with me” or “established while I was watching”
2356	34:19	lhx2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	The description of how the people established the covenant that began with the words “when they cut” in verse 18 ends here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2357	34:20	xu7g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “hand” here is a metonym for the power or control that the enemies will exercise using their hands. AT; “I will allow their enemies to have complete control over them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2358	34:20	gan7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a polite way to say that they wanted to kill them. Alternate translation: “seeking to kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2359	34:20	sjp1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “hands” represents control. Alternate translation: “to be conquered by their enemies” or “over to the control of their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2360	34:21	wl9t		“come to fight”
2361	34:22	ug2t		bring the Babylonian armies
2362	35:intro	jt1x		Jeremiah 35 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The Rechabites The actions of the Rechabites contrasted with the actions of the Jews. The Rechabites obeyed the commands their ancestor had give while living in Canaan, but Judah did not obey Yahweh’s commands. Because the Rechabites were obedient, Yahweh preserved their clan. The Rechabites’ history is found in the book of Judges.
2363	35:1	pt2v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in the days … of Judah. He said,” or “In the days … of Judah, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2364	35:1	x1f1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2365	35:2	t4d9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2366	35:2	dr1g		the temple
2367	35:3	c47f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2368	35:4	kb1e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2369	35:5	lxe8		See how you translated this in Jeremiah 35:2.
2370	35:6	plf8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2371	35:7	ah95		“live many years in the land.” “Days” refers to the span of time.
2372	35:8	ki9k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “voice” is a metonym for the command that Jonadab spoke. Alternate translation: “the command of Jonadab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2373	35:8	zh8r		“as long as we live.” “Days” refers to the span of time.
2374	35:12	icr4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah. He said, ‘Yahweh” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah: ‘Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2375	35:12	lq6r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2376	35:13	ba4f		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2377	35:13	z2wy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh is telling Israel to listen carefully to his rebuke. Alternate translation: “You must certainly receive this correction and listen to my words.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2378	35:13	s8s7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2379	35:14	k1yp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The sons of Jonadab son of Rekab have observed their father’s command to not drink wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2380	35:14	mr7f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2381	35:15	k88i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Walking after a god is a metaphor for obeying the laws of that god. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2382	35:17	xqh5		This word tells the reader to pay special attention to what follows.
2383	35:18	a9b9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2384	35:18	ijd5		This is the name of the people group. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 35:2.
2385	35:18	i21g		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2386	35:18	nqf5		a man’s name. See how you translated it in Jeremiah 35:5.
2387	35:19	ehq6		These are the names of men. See how you translated these in Jeremiah 35:5.
2388	36:intro	f643		Jeremiah 36 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Opposition to Jeremiah Jeremiah wrote God’s prophesies on a scroll but the king burned it. It is possible that this action was intended to be understood as representing the definitiveness of these prophecies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
2389	36:1	w23y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
2390	36:1	a3lh		“It happened.” This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2391	36:1	v3ak	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	Jehoiakim had been king of Judah for more than three years. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 25:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2392	36:1	tg7j		The phrase “this word” refers to the message that follows.
2393	36:1	dr12	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2394	36:1	knl3		“Yahweh said”
2395	36:2	wmr2		“all of the nations”
2396	36:2	ym8v		“I have told you from”
2397	36:2	k9kn		“from the time Josiah was king until today”
2398	36:3	iuw6		“It is possible that the people”
2399	36:3	vkj1		“to cause to happen to them”
2400	36:3	yk1m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 18:11. Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2401	36:3	s9uw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The words “iniquity” and “sin” are metonyms for the persons who commit iniquity and sin. Alternate translation: “forgive them for their iniquity and their sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2402	36:4	ff7m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I called … at my dictation … to me … I gave … I said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2403	36:4	d5mh		“while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote in a scroll all of Yahweh’s words that Yahweh had spoken to Jeremiah”
2404	36:5	l4t5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “I called … at my dictation … to me … I gave … I said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2405	36:6	j3tt		“read out loud from the scroll” or “proclaim from the scroll”
2406	36:6	e6rd		“must read out loud” or “must proclaim”
2407	36:6	y6ch		“so that the people in Yahweh’s house can hear them.” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 2:2.
2408	36:6	ywi1		“so all the people of Judah who have come from their cities can hear them.” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 2:2.
2409	36:7	z1n2		Jeremiah continues to give instructions to Baruch.
2410	36:7	jiw4		“It is possible that their pleas”
2411	36:7	a6dv		“Yahweh will hear them plead for mercy and do as they ask”
2412	36:7	xtz1		The word “their” refers to the people in the house of Yahweh and the people of Judah who had come to the house of Yahweh from their cities.
2413	36:7	kqx8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of a person’s lifestyle as if it were a “way” or path along which the person walks. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 18:11. Alternate translation: “his wicked way of living” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2414	36:7	p71z		“the anger and rage”
2415	36:9	tvk8		See how you translated this phrase in Jeremiah 36:1.
2416	36:9	fa5n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. “after Jehoiakim … had been king of Judah for more than four years, during the ninth month” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2417	36:9	mf4x		See how you translated this phrase in Jeremiah 25:1.
2418	36:9	ywy2		“told everyone that they were going to fast”
2419	36:10	v96d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2420	36:10	g1m5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2421	36:10	t8dv		“who was a scribe”
2422	36:10	x7c1		“in the entrance of the new gate of the house of Yahweh”
2423	36:10	hp8u		He read aloud Jeremiah’s words.
2424	36:10	snx3		“where all the people could hear him.” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 2:2.
2425	36:11	f91c		Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2426	36:11	wey5		“Micaiah who was the son of Gemariah, who was the son of Shaphan”
2427	36:11	sn4i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2428	36:11	v211	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 36:10. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2429	36:12	kl3c		“Pay attention to what I am going to say”
2430	36:12	v5np	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2431	36:12	z6c7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 26:20. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2432	36:12	tbc8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 26:22. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2433	36:12	f6nh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:3. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2434	36:12	b566	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated this in Jeremiah 28:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2435	36:12	f2b4		“all of the other officials”
2436	36:13	c2d3		See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 36:11.
2437	36:13	q1an		The word “them” refers to officials in Jeremiah 36:12.
2438	36:13	xx8s		“so that the people could hear” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 2:2.
2439	36:14	u57c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2440	36:15	u4gb		“so we can hear you read it” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 2:2.
2441	36:15	td5p		“read the scroll aloud”
2442	36:16	p6rk		This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2443	36:16	vym2		The word “they” refers to the officials.
2444	36:16	n53p		the words that Baruch read aloud from the scroll
2445	36:17	ipi7		“how did you write”
2446	36:17	p4vi		See how you translated this in Jeremiah 36:4.
2447	36:18	s4kx		Jeremiah spoke out loud so that Baruch could write down his words.
2448	36:18	pqp3		“used ink to write them”
2449	36:18	is54		a dark liquid that is used for writing
2450	36:19	zge9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	You may need to make this a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah should hide himself, too” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2451	36:19	kih8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	The word “you” refers to Baruch and Jeremiah and so is plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2452	36:20	ddc1		“Then the officials”
2453	36:20	x5gj		“put the scroll in the room of Elishama so it would be safe”
2454	36:20	b16g		See how you translated “Elishama the scribe” in Jeremiah 36:12.
2455	36:20	nlt3		“where the king could hear him” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 2:2.
2456	36:21	rz17		See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 36:14.
2457	36:22	xeh7		This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Jeremiah starts to tell a new part of the story.
2458	36:22	nd2u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. This is at the end of the sowing season and the beginning of the cold season. It is during the last part November and the first part of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2459	36:22	zw8h		“the brazier was in front of him with a blazing fire”
2460	36:22	tf4p		a fireplace that people can move
2461	36:23	sz7v		This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2462	36:23	z4cg		See how you translated this in Jeremiah 36:14.
2463	36:23	l2gf		these are columns of words on the scroll
2464	36:23	ip73		“would cut that part of the scroll off”
2465	36:23	gbu3		“using a scribe’s knife” or “using the kind of knife that scribes use”
2466	36:23	ar14		See how you translated this in Jeremiah 36:22.
2467	36:23	vjz5		“until the scroll was completely gone”
2468	36:24	s3et		the words from the scroll that Baruch wrote as Jeremiah dictated
2469	36:24	bgq6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	People tore their cloths when they were extremely sad. Alternate translation: “nor did they mourn by tearing their clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2470	36:25	ts8f		See how you translated these names in Jeremiah 36:12.
2471	36:25	km58		“pleaded with the king”
2472	36:26	vne7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2473	36:26	uyd9		“a relative of the king”
2474	36:26	d67a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2475	36:27	h7zx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “The word of Yahweh came” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah after … dictation. He said,” or “After … dictation, Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2476	36:27	i9hx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It is not clear why Jeremiah is referring to himself by name here. You may translate using first person, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2477	36:27	ksc8		See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 36:4.
2478	36:28	x9ye		“Take another scroll for yourself again”
2479	36:28	m6mh		“the first scroll”
2480	36:29	bf3y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jehoiakim uses this question to emphasize that Jeremiah should not have written that the king of Babylon would come and attack. Alternate translation: “You should not have written … beast in it!” or “You were wrong to write … beast in it’!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2481	36:29	ngk4		“and he will destroy”
2482	36:30	pl99	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Sitting on the throne is a metonym for ruling as king. See how you translated “sits on the throne of David” in Jeremiah 29:16. Alternate translation: “will ever rule the Israelites as David did” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2483	36:30	d7yi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will throw your dead body outside” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2484	36:30	n16b		“your dead body”
2485	36:30	jp3b		“so that it is exposed to the dry heat of the daytime”
2486	36:30	ws5c		ice that forms on grass during cold nights
2487	36:31	bvh4		“of all of you”
2488	36:32	k5z6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Jeremiah speaks of himself by name for reasons that are not clear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2489	36:32	k1wh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “dictation” can be translated as a verb. See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 36:4. Alternate translation: “while Jeremiah was speaking, Baruch wrote on it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2490	36:32	b4kt		“that Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire”
2491	36:32	mev6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Furthermore, Jeremiah and Baruch added to this scroll many more words which were similar to the words that had been in the first scroll” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2492	37:intro	du3z		Jeremiah 37 General Notes Important figures of speech in this chapter Ironic situation Jeremiah was thrown into prison and beaten for prophesying the word of God. Then the king asked him, “Is there any word from Yahweh?” This is a type of irony. The king simply did not agree with God’s original word. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]])
2493	37:1	c5u8		The Hebrew text has “Coniah,” which is a variation of the name “Jehoiachin.” Many modern versions have “Jehoiachin” in order to make it clear that the same king is being referred to.
2494	37:2	vt3f		“of the land of Judah”
2495	37:2	j785	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he had Jeremiah the prophet proclaim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2496	37:2	crn1		“Yahweh proclaimed”
2497	37:2	t2q2		Jeremiah refers to himself by name for reasons that are not clear.
2498	37:3	hw6v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2499	37:3	ynt3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 36:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2500	37:3	f9qq		See how you translated these men’s names in Jeremiah 21:1.
2501	37:3	r1ds		“for us” or “for our sake.” The word “our” refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah.
2502	37:4	u9nx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. The narrator tells background information about what Jeremiah had been doing before Zedekiah sent the message. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2503	37:4	qa7u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “coming and going” is an idiom that means he was free to move about. Alternate translation: “Jeremiah was able to go wherever he wanted with everybody else” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2504	37:4	j14u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “because no one had put him in prison” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2505	37:5	m95i		“had set out”
2506	37:5	b9va		See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2507	37:6	p84n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah the prophet. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah the prophet:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2508	37:7	y24f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	The word “you” refers to the two men that king Zedekiah had sent to Jeremiah, Jehukal son of Shelemiah, and Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2509	37:7	wic9		The word “me” refers to Yahweh.
2510	37:7	g9p8		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
2511	37:8	xgj8		Compare how you translated “to wage war against it and take it, and to burn it” in Jeremiah 34:22.
2512	37:9	egq8		The word “yourselves” refers to King Zedekiah and the rest of the people of Judah.
2513	37:9	ppa5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The people of Judah think that they will be safe because the Chaldeans had left. Alternate translation: “Surely we are safe because the Chaldeans are leaving us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2514	37:10	w4f5		“the wounded men would get up”
2515	37:11	gsm7		“It came about that.” This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2516	37:12	n9nx		“a piece of land” or “some land”
2517	37:12	kr6j		“among his relatives.” Jeremiah was from the town of Anathoth in the land of Benjamin (Jeremiah 1:1).
2518	37:13	pfg7		This is the name of the gate.
2519	37:13	t5gr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2520	37:13	w2f7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 36:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2521	37:13	az9a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 28:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2522	37:13	uez4		escaping trouble and leaving people who need help
2523	37:14	asx2		This means escaping trouble and leaving people who need help.
2524	37:14	nwr4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 37:13. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2525	37:14	q1jq		See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:18.
2526	37:15	s5cv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“Jonathan, who was a scribe.” This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2527	37:16	c2h2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the officials put Jeremiah into a room that was under the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2528	37:17	h6f8		“brought Jeremiah”
2529	37:17	x17c		the palace of King Zedekiah
2530	37:17	s43j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated similar words in Jeremiah 32:4. Alternate translation: “I will certainly put you under the control of the king of Babylon” or “I will certainly allow the king of Babylon to do whatever he wants with you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2531	37:18	lu1a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that he has not done anything wrong. Alternate translation: “I have not done anything wrong to you … prison.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2532	37:18	hq9m		the people of the kingdom of Judah
2533	37:18	a64h		“have put”
2534	37:19	utn2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jeremiah uses this question to emphasize that the other prophets were lying but that he had done nothing wrong because he had told the truth. Alternate translation: “Your prophets who prophesied … against this land were obviously wrong, but now it is clear that I was telling you the truth.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2535	37:19	tq67		The word “your” refers to King Zedekiah and the other people of the kingdom of Judah.
2536	37:19	gp83		“will not attack you or attack this land”
2537	37:20	a8fv		“Hear me plead for mercy and do as I ask.” See how you translated “their pleas for mercy will come before Yahweh” in Jeremiah 36:7.
2538	37:20	e2hq		“the house of Jonathan, who is a scribe.” See how you translated this in Jeremiah 37:15.
2539	37:21	pss2		This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2540	37:21	s566	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “His servants also gave Jeremiah a loaf of bread” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2541	37:21	v6xa		“from the street where the bakers worked”
2542	38:intro	eu3f		Jeremiah 38 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Surrender and live If the king obeyed God and surrendered to the Babylonians, he would be allowed to live and the city would not be burned. But if he refused, he would be captured and the city burned. This took faith that Yahweh was using this ungodly, Gentile nation. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
2543	38:1	gl7q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	men’s names (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2544	38:2	p2xn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Anyone staying in this city will die by sword, famine, and plague” or “I will kill anyone staying in this city with sword, famine, and plague” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2545	38:2	izt9		The one who surrenders to the Babylonians will escape alive, even though he will lose all his possessions. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 21:9.
2546	38:3	f89i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will allow the army of the king of Babylon to conquer Jerusalem” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2547	38:3	u8f5		The reader should understand that others will help the king of Babylon capture the city. “his army will capture it”
2548	38:4	s9za		“Order someone to kill this man”
2549	38:4	l3h5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Weak hands are a metonym for a person who is afraid. Alternate translation: “he is causing the soldiers and all the people in the city to lose courage” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2550	38:4	lzh8		“for Jeremiah is not working to help this people be safe, but he is working for bad things to happen to this people”
2551	38:5	xr6q		“Listen carefully”
2552	38:5	a92p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand has. Alternate translation: “you are able do whatever you want with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2553	38:6	z9f6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	They literally “lowered Jeremiah down on ropes,” but the word “threw” is an exaggeration to say that they treated him roughly. Your language may have another way of saying this. Alternate translation: “they … roughly pushed him into the cistern” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2554	38:6	b4bv		a deep hole in the ground where people collect and store rain water
2555	38:6	rb8h		This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2556	38:6	y2m2		This tells how “they threw him into the cistern.”
2557	38:7	jqm6		The word “now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
2558	38:7	uc4i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man from Cush. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2559	38:7	lix8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Here the word “now” marks a break in the main story line where the narrator tells background information about what the king was doing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2560	38:7	kfm3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	King Zedekiah was probably hearing and judging legal cases. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2561	38:7	tch5		This is an entrance into the city of Jerusalem that people named after Benjamin, Jacob’s son.
2562	38:10	ex3t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“30 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2563	38:11	d1k2		“used ropes to lower them down”
2564	38:12	xa9e		“between your arms and the ropes”
2565	38:13	s46y		Here the word “they” refers to some of the thirty men who were with Ebed-Melech.
2566	38:13	xs87		This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2567	38:15	vvt7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jeremiah uses this question to express his belief that the king will kill him if he answers truthfully. Alternate translation: “If I tell you the truth, you will certainly kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2568	38:16	cjp9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	“as surely as Yahweh, the one who made us, is alive.” This is a way of making a solemn promise. The king says it to emphasize that what he is about to say next is true. See how you translated “As Yahweh lives” in Jeremiah 4:2. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear by Yahweh, the one who made us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2569	38:16	yv2m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “hand” refers to the men’s control or power. Alternate translation: “I will not … allow those men to capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2570	38:16	q87t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This phrase represents wanting or trying to kill someone. See how this phrase is translated in Jeremiah 11:21. Alternate translation: “trying to kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2571	38:17	p9k7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The name of the people group is metonym for the people of that group. Alternate translation: “God of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2572	38:17	kku6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonian army will not burn this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2573	38:18	gja5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 38:2. Alternate translation: “I will allow the Chaldeans to conquer this city” or “I will allow the Chaldeans to do whatever they want with this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2574	38:18	fbz5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “you will not escape from their power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2575	38:19	m4jz		escaped trouble and left people who needed help. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 37:13.
2576	38:19	i4pf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Chaldeans might put me under the control of the people of Judah who have deserted” or “the Chaldeans might allow the people of Judah who have deserted to do whatever they want with me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2577	38:19	r1ze		Here the word “them” refers to the people of Judah who have deserted.
2578	38:20	x9uy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	“The Chaldeans will not give you over to the Judeans.” Here “you” refers to Zedekiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2579	38:21	b1pi		Here the word “this” refers to what Jeremiah will say next.
2580	38:22	a91b		Jeremiah continues speaking with King Zedekiah.
2581	38:22	z6cx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The reader should understand that the officials will take these women as slaves. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will bring all the women who are left … out to the officials of the king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2582	38:22	ndr9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your friends have deceived you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2583	38:22	jgf2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The king is now helpless. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2584	38:23	dti7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The reader should understand that the officials will take these people as slaves. Alternate translation: “Soldiers will bring your wives and children out to the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2585	38:23	k3p7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “will not escape from their power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2586	38:23	x21i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power or control that the hand exercises. This can be translated in active form. The reader should probably understand that many people will help the king do this. Alternate translation: “The army of the king of Babylon will capture you and will burn the city” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2587	38:26	l1fb		See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 37:15.
2588	38:27	e9tl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “conversation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “what Jeremiah and the king said to each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2589	38:28	kaj5		This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2590	38:28	l5rj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the day that the Babylonian army captured Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2591	39:intro	i9ad		Jeremiah 39 General Notes Structure and formatting The prophesied destruction of Jerusalem is over and the actual conquering of the Promised Land by Babylon begins in this chapter. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
2592	39:1	bc1u		“came to attack Jerusalem”
2593	39:1	dap3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for eight years, in the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “In the tenth month of the ninth year that Zedekiah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
2594	39:1	yh1s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]
2595	39:2	v5d9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	This is after Zedekiah had been king of Judah for more than ten years, in the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The eleventh day is near the beginning of July on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “On the ninth day of the fourth month of the eleventh year that Zedekiah was king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
2596	39:2	ph29	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]
2597	39:3	bu4u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2598	39:3	ew2q		“in the middle entrance to the city.” It was common for leaders to sit at the gate of the city to discuss important matters.
2599	39:4	rpl5		“They left the city at night going out on a path in the king’s garden”
2600	39:5	w8c7		This is the flat land at the southern end of the valley.
2601	39:5	uma7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath, which is in Syria. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2602	39:5	v4xk		“followed them and caught”
2603	39:5	f3u5		“decided how to punish him”
2604	39:6	l5id	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah’s sons. Alternate translation: “forced Zedekiah to watch as the king’s soldiers killed Zedekiah’s sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2605	39:7	ei9s		“the king’s men made Zedekiah blind.” Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah’s eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind.
2606	39:8	ku9v		Zedekiah’s house
2607	39:8	cbe2		the houses that had belonged to the people of Jerusalem
2608	39:9	sr9p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2609	39:9	qvc3		“Nebuchadnezzar’s guards”
2610	39:9	nt1i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	This is probably a generalization. Alternate translation: “the people who were still living in the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2611	39:10	h3ys	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	The word “nothing” is probably an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “who owned nothing of great value” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2612	39:13	r536	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	a man’s name (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2613	39:13	w1xh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	They sent them out to get Jeremiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “sent men out to get Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2614	39:14	x1ja	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2615	39:14	k5dx		This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2616	39:14	uw8h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	You may need to make explicit which people the speaker is speaking of. Alternate translation: “among the people who remained in Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2617	39:15	sbp1		This story happened before the events in the first part of the chapter.
2618	39:15	rz5c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This word is used here to mark a return to the story line, as the narrator tells what Yahweh had said to Jeremiah after Nebuchadnezzar gave the orders about Jeremiah (Jeremiah 39:12-14). (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
2619	39:15	qm3a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah while he was … guard. He said,” or “while Jeremiah was … guard, Yahweh spoke this message to him:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2620	39:15	g5jx		This was an open area attached to the king’s palace that was surrounded by buildings and in which they kept prisoners. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:2.
2621	39:16	g2jt		See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 38:7.
2622	39:16	c57h		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2623	39:16	tg3k		“I am bringing disaster, not good, against this city, just as I said I would”
2624	39:16	pb72		“For you will see it all happen on that day”
2625	39:17	w69c		Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah.
2626	39:17	d4fl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hand” refers to power or control. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the men you fear will not harm you” or “I will not allow anyone to put you under the control of the people whom you fear” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2627	39:18	y55h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	The sword is a metonym for dying in war. Alternate translation: “No one will kill you with their sword” or “You will not die in war” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2628	39:18	h19r		“alive”
2629	40:intro	rx94		Jeremiah 40 General Notes Structure and formatting Peace in Judah After Babylon conquered Jerusalem, this chapter reveals an unfolding peace in the area. Ammon, who was supposed to be Judah’s ally against Babylon, probably sought to distract Babylon from attacking them by ruining the peace in the region of Judah. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2630	40:1	vp76	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 32:1 Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2631	40:1	nzv7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 39:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2632	40:1	w77l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the soldiers were about to take to Babylon as exiles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2633	40:3	p9na		“this disaster”
2634	40:4	pm8f		Nebuzaradan says this to bring Jeremiah’s attention to the present moment.
2635	40:4	m5yi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	“Eyes” here is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “it is what you consider to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2636	40:5	zah3		These are the names of men. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 39:14.
2637	40:5	cw75		“among the Judeans”
2638	40:5	kwh6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	“Eyes” here is a metonym for what the person thinks. Alternate translation: “it is what you consider to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2639	40:6	v5hd		“who stayed in Judah”
2640	40:7	h3c3		This marks a new part of the story.
2641	40:7	iep2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the enemy soldiers had not sent to Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2642	40:8	ug21	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2643	40:8	lt8t		people from the regions of Netophah and Maakah
2644	40:9	a2lc		“swore to the Judean commanders”
2645	40:10	y2bg		“Listen carefully” or “Pay attention”
2646	40:10	n6bm		“fruit that becomes ripe during the summer”
2647	40:10	rd9k		“you have taken over.” “Occupy” here is a military term. Gedaliah was talking to soldiers (Jeremiah 40:7) who may have conquered or otherwise taken control of cities.
2648	40:11	pe3x		“remnant of the people of Judah”
2649	40:11	d4gs		“had put … in charge of them”
2650	40:11	gn3r		See how you translated this in Jeremiah 39:14.
2651	40:11	c3ya		“over the people of Judah”
2652	40:12	zs8v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “where the Babylonians had driven them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2653	40:12	hny7		“a huge amount of grapes and summer fruit”
2654	40:12	t7ep		“fruit that becomes ripe during the summer.” See how you translated this in Jeremiah 40:10.
2655	40:13	qk6a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated these names in Jeremiah 40:8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2656	40:13	yp1p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 39:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2657	40:14	dj6f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Johanan and the commanders use a rhetorical question to warn Gedaliah. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You need to understand that Baalis king of the people of Ammon sent Ishmael son of Nethaniah to murder you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2658	40:14	mv1l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2659	40:14	p3zy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translate these names as in Jeremiah 40:8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2660	40:14	q9l2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated this name in Jeremiah 26:24. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2661	40:15	yyw2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated these men’s names in Jeremiah 40:8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2662	40:15	tfj9		See how you translated this name in Jeremiah 39:14.
2663	40:15	vk6u		See how you translated these men’s names in Jeremiah 40:8.
2664	40:15	tnu5		“No one will think that I did it”
2665	40:15	l7ed	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to change Gedaliah’s thinking. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not allow him to kill you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2666	40:15	mc43	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Johanan uses a rhetorical question to try to get Gedaliah to think about what will happen if Gedaliah does what Gedaliah is planning to do. Alternate translation: “If you do this, all of Judah that has been gathered to you will be scattered and the remnant of Judah will be destroyed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2667	40:15	c9ug	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	The word “all” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “many of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2668	40:15	hp75	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “who have come to you” or “whom Yahweh has brought to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2669	40:15	mj6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “to have the Chaldeans scatter them” or “to flee away to many different lands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2670	40:15	pxq9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow the Chaldeans to destroy the remnant of Judah” or “and allow the remnant of Judah to perish” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2671	40:15	zr8s		“remnant of the people of Judah.” See how you translated this in Jeremiah 40:11.
2672	40:16	gc11		See how you translated this name in Jeremiah 26:24.
2673	41:intro	u2q2		Jeremiah 41 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Life in Judah This chapter explains what life was like in Judah after the Babylonian conquest. It was a difficult and dangerous time, but some of the faithful remained in the Promised Land. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
2674	41:1	mz9m		This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2675	41:1	rce7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2676	41:1	va8n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated these men’s names in Jeremiah 40:8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2677	41:1	uv6y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2678	41:2	yly4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated these men’s names in Jeremiah 39:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2679	41:2	mt62	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “in charge of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2680	41:3	s68d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “Ishmael” represents himself and the ten men with him. Alternate translation: “Then Ishmael and the ten men with him killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2681	41:3	pzn9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also the Chaldean soldiers there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2682	41:4	xv5y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	The word “second” is the ordinal form of the number 2. Possible meanings are (1) “the day after” or (2) “two days after” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2683	41:5	te6l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“80 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2684	41:5	c3sk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Having things in the hands here is probably a metaphor for carrying those things or having them in their possession. Alternate translation: “in their possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2685	41:5	v4qg		“to go worship Yahweh at his temple”
2686	41:6	p4gy		“to meet the 80 men”
2687	41:6	n7k7		This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2688	41:7	iju5		This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2689	41:7	tp8u		It is stated it in Jeremiah 41:8 that Ishmael and his men did not kill all 80 men. You can state here that they killed most of the 80 men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael son of Nethaniah, and the men who were with him, killed most of the 80 men and threw them into a pit”
2690	41:8	nt5a		The word “them” refers to the 80 men.
2691	41:8	zn9l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that they would give their provisions to Ishmael and his men. Alternate translation: “for we will give you our provisions that we have hidden in a field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2692	41:8	c4gu		supplies to be used to provide for future needs
2693	41:9	p33k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This is background information about the cistern that Ishmael used. King Asa had his men dig the cistern so his people would have a water supply when King Baasha attacked them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2694	41:9	kzd3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here King Asa represents his men. Alternate translation: “that King Asa ordered his men to dig” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2695	41:9	p7br	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here King Baasha represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “against Baasha, king of Israel, and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2696	41:9	ny7m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here Ishmael represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men filled it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2697	41:9	nw96	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “with those who were dead” or “with those they had killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2698	41:10	w324	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here Ishmael represents himself and his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men captured” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2699	41:10	y6nt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 39:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2700	41:10	rk3e		“traveled towards the land of the Ammonites”
2701	41:11	j1v7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2702	41:12	pak6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “Ishmael and his men … found them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2703	41:13	a4a1		This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2704	41:13	efz7		Here “people” refers to those whom Ishmael and his men had captured.
2705	41:14	tjt4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “Ishmael” represents himself and all of his men. Alternate translation: “whom Ishmael and his men had captured” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2706	41:15	zag1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	“He” refers to Ishmael who represents himself and the eight men with him. Alternate translation: “They went to the people of Ammon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2707	41:16	d9f5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom they had rescued” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2708	41:16	x13r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	The author stops the story to refer to a previous event so that the order of events are understood. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2709	41:16	r944		These both refer to soldiers. Alternate translation: “the soldiers”
2710	41:16	j14l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom they had rescued at Gibeon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2711	41:17	b8j8		“Johanan, his companions, and all the people they rescued went”
2712	41:17	di1c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2713	41:18	k3qd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that they were afraid that the Chaldeans would attack them. Alternate translation: “because they thought the Chaldeans may attack them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2714	41:18	iuc2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “in charge of the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2715	42:intro	ye1g		Jeremiah 42 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Life in Babylon The remaining army commanders, who scattered after the Babylonian victory, asked Jeremiah to ask Yahweh about where they should go. Yahweh encouraged them to go to Babylon because they would soon return to the Promised Land. They would be punished if they went to Egypt or anywhere else. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
2716	42:1	jc5i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated these men’s names in Jeremiah 40:13. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2717	42:1	w479	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2718	42:1	h1f8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. Alternate translation: “all the people from every social status” or “all the people, including the least important and the most important people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2719	42:1	wx9l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word “all” is a generalization that means very many people went. Alternate translation: “many other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2720	42:2	te2b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	“Let us present our urgent request to you.” The abstract noun “pleas” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Listen as we plead with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2721	42:4	yl1b		“Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
2722	42:4	v54c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “keep nothing back from you” is an idiom that means to tell someone everything. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will tell you everything the Lord tells me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2723	42:5	tze5		This is a way of beginning an oath. Alternate translation: “We ask Yahweh to be” or “Yahweh will be”
2724	42:5	htw1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Here these words share similar meanings. They describe Yahweh as a witness whom no one will be able to contradict. Alternate translation: “trustworthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2725	42:6	aj3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	The people mention both extremes to emphasize that they will obey no matter what Yahweh’s answer is. Alternate translation: “Whatever he answers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2726	42:6	ixn4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “voice” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh our God says” or “we will obey Yahweh our God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2727	42:7	k8xs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to announce that God gave messages to Jeremiah. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:2. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave messages to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2728	42:8	c9v6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 42:1. Alternate translation: “to all the people from every social status” or “to all the people, including the least important and the most important people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2729	42:8	t51j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Most likely not every individual in the town went. The word “all” is a generalization that means very many people went. Alternate translation: “to many other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2730	42:10	m39t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh refers to the people of Israel like a wall that can be built or torn down. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to prosper and I will not destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2731	42:10	aj8z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh uses another example to express how he will cause the people of Israel to prosper and not be destroyed. He refers to them like a plant in the same way he referred to them as a wall. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2732	42:10	a8zc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A disaster is here spoken of as something that a person can put onto someone else. Alternate translation: “I will prevent the disaster that I have caused to happen to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2733	42:11	k5t5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “save” and “rescue” mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh will, indeed, save. Alternate translation: “to save you completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2734	42:11	jv59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “hand” refers to power and authority. Alternate translation: “rescue you from his power” or “rescue you from him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2735	42:13	qi8z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “voice” represents a command. To not obey is like the people did not hear Yahweh’s command. Alternate translation: “if you do not obey my commands, even though I am Yahweh, your God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2736	42:14	bg9x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Both of these phrases describe being at war by the ability to see or hear it. Alternate translation: “where we will not experience the hardships of war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2737	42:14	n28p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Being hungry for food is used to describe famine. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2738	42:15	t7ch		The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2739	42:15	te43		“to Yahweh’s message”
2740	42:15	e21x		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2741	42:15	cpw7		“depart for” or “leave for”
2742	42:16	s8nw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “the sword” represents war. The Israelites experiencing war even if they go to Egypt is spoken of as if the sword would chase after the people catch up with them. Alternate translation: “you will experience the terrible results of war” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2743	42:16	pea7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The Israelites experiencing famine even in Egypt is spoken of as if famine would chase after them. Alternate translation: “You worry about famine in Israel but if you go to Egypt you will suffer from famine there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2744	42:17	vak7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The men are used to refer to all the people because they are the leaders in their families. Alternate translation: “anyone who sets out” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2745	42:17	b82t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Causing a disaster is spoken of as if disaster were an object that is brought to a person. Alternate translation: “the disaster that I will cause to happen to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2746	42:18	v4kb		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2747	42:18	hxc8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if wrath and fury were liquids that he poured out on the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I became very angry and punished the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2748	42:18	ss3l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “my terrible wrath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2749	42:18	rm4e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh punishing people because he is very angry is spoken of as if fury were a liquid that he pours out on the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will became very angry and punish you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2750	42:18	m8xv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	All of these statements mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the nations will treat the people of Judah after Yahweh punishes them. Alternate translation: “People will be terrified when they see what has happened to you. They will curse and mock you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2751	42:19	m4t7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “been a witness against” is an idiom that means to give a warning. Alternate translation: “I have warned you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2752	42:20	tm47	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “we will do it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2753	42:21	q58d		“you have not paid attention”
2754	42:21	bn7i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “voice” represents what Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh your God commanded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2755	42:22	ewj3		The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2756	42:22	ah9a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “you will die in warfare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2757	42:22	b8em	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	They desired to live in Egypt. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “in Egypt, where you thought you would be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2758	43:intro	b33q		Jeremiah 43 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter They did not believe Jeremiah After Jeremiah prophesied the destruction of Judah, the people did not believe him. Judah was conquered and destroyed. Even after this, the people did not believe they would be safe in Babylon as Jeremiah prophesied. This is shocking. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) Babylon invades Egypt Babylon is described as invading part of Egypt. This would have been unthinkable for the people. It would have gotten their attention. Other possible translation issues in this chapter Symbolic actions Jeremiah’s burial of the stones was intended to be a symbolic action for the people. This was supposed to teach the people a lesson. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2759	43:1	ufu5		This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2760	43:2	wg2c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Possible meanings are (1) this is another name for Jezaniah in Jeremiah 42:1 or (2) this is a different son of Hoshaiah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2761	43:2	a3qd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 42:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2762	43:2	u1n1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated these men’s names in Jeremiah 40:13. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2763	43:3	h7cf		to cause someone to act in a harmful or violent way
2764	43:3	gh4k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “to give us over to the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2765	43:3	bw5d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “death” can be stated as “to kill.” Alternate translation: “for you to cause the Chaldeans to either kill us or to take us as captives to Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2766	43:4	glv6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	This probably did not include every individual there. The word “all” is a generalization that means many people. Alternate translation: “many of the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2767	43:4	a6mj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “voice” represents commands. And here “to listen” means “to obey.” Alternate translation: “would not obey Yahweh’s command” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2768	43:5	n9qa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where Yahweh had scattered them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2769	43:6	qj48	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 39:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2770	43:6	s144	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated these men’s names in Jeremiah 39:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2771	43:7	rup9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated the name of this city in Jeremiah 2:16. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2772	43:8	p6h5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 1:4. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Jeremiah in Tahpanhes. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah in Tahpanehs:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2773	43:9	i4wa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “sight” can be expressed with the verb “watching.” Alternate translation: “while the people of Judah are watching” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2774	43:9	usg5		a substance used to hold bricks together
2775	43:9	sha8		“to Pharaoh’s royal building”
2776	43:10	eb2l		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2777	43:10	uz43	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Both the king’s “throne” and “pavilion” are used to refer to his royal authority. Alternate translation: “I will cause him to rule as king over the people of Egypt. He will place his throne and pavilion over these stones you have buried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2778	43:10	k69r		a very large tent
2779	43:11	krw1		Yahweh continues telling his message.
2780	43:11	j4bf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “he” refers to Nebuchadnezzar who represents his whole army. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2781	43:11	njk5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The abstract noun “death” can be stated as “die.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone will die whom I have decided must die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2782	43:11	iqj5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Babylonians will take everyone captive whom I have decided must go into captivity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2783	43:11	prf4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “sword” represents battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone will die in battle whom I have decided will die in battle” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2784	43:12	fy3l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “I” refers to Yahweh. This represents Yahweh sending the Babylonian army to light a fire. Alternate translation: “Then I will cause the Babylonian army to light a fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2785	43:12	yqt6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar’s army will … They will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2786	43:12	nms7		“burn the Egyptian idols or take them”
2787	43:12	e3qj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Taking or destroying everything in Egypt is compared to how a shepherd carefully cleans off his clothes. Alternate translation: “He will take or destroy everything valuable in Egypt just as a shepherd is careful to get every insect off of his clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2788	43:13	pyt4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a city. The name means “city of the sun.” In this city was a temple where they worshiped a sun god. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2789	44:intro	xf8j		Jeremiah 44 General Notes Important figures of speech in this chapter Idiom The people called Ashtoreth the goddess of the Canaanites, “the queen of heaven.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
2790	44:1	s5cz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 7:1. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2791	44:1	gzg8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2792	44:1	a4bd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translate the names of these cities as you did in Jeremiah 2:16. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2793	44:1	jee4		This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called “Pathros.”
2794	44:2	j6cn		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 6:6.
2795	44:2	wb58	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	The word “yourselves” is used for emphasis to specify the people of Judea who live in the land of Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2796	44:2	zs94	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Causing disasters is spoken of as if disasters were an object that can be put on something. Alternate translation: “all the disaster that I caused to happen to Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2797	44:2	bjm6		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
2798	44:3	a86s		“the people of Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah did to offend me”
2799	44:3	uvb1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	The word “themselves” is used for emphasis to specify the people of Jerusalem and the other cities of Judah. Alternate translation: “the people from the ruined cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2800	44:4	jwn6		The word “I” refers to Yahweh.
2801	44:5	a6zd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	To stop doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: “or to stop behaving wickedly by burning incense to other gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2802	44:6	kck1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Becoming angry and punishing people is spoken of as if fury and wrath were liquids there could be poured on people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I became very angry and punished them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2803	44:6	gje9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “fury” and “wrath” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: “my terrible wrath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2804	44:6	if3y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh becoming angry and punishing the people of Judah is spoken of as his fury and wrath were a fire. Alternate translation: “my fury and wrath were like a fire” or “my punishment was like a fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2805	44:6	j69q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “ruins” and “devastations” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the complete devastation of Judah and Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “they became completely devastated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2806	44:6	bb1y		This refers to the current time at which Yahweh was speaking this message.
2807	44:7	gez9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses these questions to rebuke the people for doing things that cause him to punish them. Alternate translation: “You are doing … yourselves. You are causing … and babies.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2808	44:7	mnr5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “wickedness” can be stated as “wicked.” Alternate translation: “Why are you doing these wicked things that harm yourselves?” or “You are doing wicked things that cause terrible things to happen to you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2809	44:7	n4fj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Being separated from the people of Judah is spoken of as if the people are cut off from Judah the way a person may cut off a branch from a vine or cut off a piece of cloth. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Why are you causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies?” or “You are causing me to remove you from the people of Judah … and babies.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2810	44:8	prs6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “wickedness” represents actions that are “wicked.” Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “You have offended me with the wicked things you have done” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2811	44:8	bqw9		“The result of going to Egypt is that … and that”
2812	44:8	d96k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will cause me to destroy you” or “you will destroy yourselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2813	44:8	qgd6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “nations” represent the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of all the nations of the earth will curse you and hate you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2814	44:9	zk7z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about the wicked behavior of their ancestors and how Yahweh punished them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Think about what happened to your ancestors and the kings of Judah and their wives when they did wicked things.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2815	44:9	v2a3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about their own wicked behavior and how Yahweh punished them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Think about what happened to you and your wives when you did evil things in the land Judah and the streets of Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2816	44:9	w74z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Jerusalem is referred to by the part of the city where people walk. This means the people did evil things in public places. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem” or “the public places of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2817	44:10	ai8e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	“the people of Judah are still not humble.” Yahweh is still speaking to the people of Judah, so this can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “you are still not humble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2818	44:10	a4hl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Obeying the laws is spoken of as if it were walking in the laws. Alternate translation: “nor do they obey them” or “nor do you obey them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2819	44:11	ppb1		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2820	44:11	vc6r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom means he “firmly decided.” See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 21:10. Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2821	44:11	j5gg		“stare angrily at”
2822	44:11	is79	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Causing disaster to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that can be brought to someone. Alternate translation: “to cause disaster to happen to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2823	44:12	t7mn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “fall” means to die. And “sword” represents the enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Enemies will kill some of them and others will die of hunger” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2824	44:12	pmr4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here “least” and “greatest” represent those who are least important and those who are most important. Alternate translation: “all the people from every social status” or “all the people, including the least important and the most important people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2825	44:12	t4e4		“people will be horrified because of what happened to the people of Judah, and people will mock and curse them”
2826	44:13	yvm2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “I punished the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2827	44:13	xt2p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “by causing enemies to kill some of them, others to starve to death, and others to die because of disease” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2828	44:15	e1fj		“in the large crowd”
2829	44:15	ql9v		“Lower Egypt” refers to the northern region of Egypt.
2830	44:15	a1sx		This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called “Pathros.”
2831	44:16	k3bm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “in Yahweh’s name” means “in Yahweh’s authority” or “as Yahweh’s representative.” Alternate translation: “We will not obey this message that you say Yahweh told you to tell us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2832	44:17	aja3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This a title of a false goddess that the people of Judah worshiped. This goddess is also called “Asherah.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2833	44:17	fh7r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “streets” represent the public places in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in the public places of Jerusalem” or “in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2834	44:17	clp3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The people of Judah thought they would prosper because the queen of heaven would bless them if they worshiped her. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2835	44:17	u8y8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then we will have plenty of food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2836	44:18	ux4h		The remnant of the people living in Egypt continue to speak. Beginning in 44:19, the women address Jeremiah.
2837	44:18	hs8y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers were killing some of us and some of us were dying of hunger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2838	44:19	dne8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The women were claiming to be innocent because their husband approved of what they were doing. Alternate translation: “our husbands knew what we were doing … to her.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2839	44:19	ec3w		These were probably small cakes shaped like stars or the crescent moon.
2840	44:21	qc2v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jeremiah uses a question to scold the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh certainly knew about … of the land.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2841	44:21	ir8d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Both of these phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that Yahweh knows that the people were worshiping false gods. Alternate translation: “Yes, Yahweh knows what you were doing, and he does not forget” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2842	44:22	a6w5		“was no longer able to tolerate it”
2843	44:22	t1fz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “abominations” can be stated as “things he hated.” Alternate translation: “because you did things that he hated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2844	44:22	x1jw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “a desolation,” “a horror,” and “a curse.” Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh caused it so that no one lives in the land. He made it a desolate and horrifying place. People use its name to curse others. And this is how it is even to this day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2845	44:23	z7ak	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Why people burn incense can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “burned incense to false gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2846	44:23	m5km	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “voice” refers to Yahweh’s commands. Alternate translation: “you would not obey his commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2847	44:24	lr74	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Judah” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2848	44:25	q7r5		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2849	44:25	rst9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “mouths” and “hands” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “have done what you promised to do when you said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2850	44:25	nwz1		“fulfill the vows” or “complete the vows”
2851	44:25	lq9t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	This is an ironic statement. Yahweh does not really want them to fulfill their vow to a false goddess. Yahweh knows they will not listen to him so he tells them to go ahead and do what they want. Alternate translation: “Very well! If that is what you want to do, then go fulfill your vows and do what you promised to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2852	44:25	vw9i		The word “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2853	44:26	vwq1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Judah” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2854	44:26	d9iz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “name” represents the whole being of Yahweh. And, “mouth” represents the whole person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No person of Judah living in the land of Egypt will ever call upon me again” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2855	44:26	n652	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	“as surely as the Lord Yahweh is alive.” The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you transited “As Yahweh lives” Jeremiah 4:2. Alternate translation: “I solemnly swear” or “I solemnly swear by the Lord Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2856	44:27	c948	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Here “Every person” is a generalization that means “very many people.” Also, “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Nearly every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will die. Enemies will kill many of them and many of them will starve to death until there is very few of them left” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2857	44:28	ar61	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “sword” represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Then those whom the enemies do not kill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2858	44:29	vj4v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am opposed to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2859	44:29	g448	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Yahweh causing disaster on the people as he promised is spoken of as if his word would attack them. Alternate translation: “what I have said will happen and you will have a disaster” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2860	44:30	wm1f		“Listen” or “Pay attention”
2861	44:30	fk1y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will allow the enemies who want to kill Pharaoh Hophra, the king of Egypt, to defeat him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2862	44:30	k1p8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2863	44:30	sf5s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hand” represents power or control. And, Nebuchadnezzar represents his whole army. The phrase “sought his life” is an idiom that means to want to kill someone. Alternate translation: “when I allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar to defeat Zedekiah king of Judah” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2864	45:intro	m5sy		Jeremiah 45 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter forms a break in the narrative sequence. It records prophecies that have already occurred. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
2865	45:1	n8gv		This information can be placed at the beginning of 45:1 as in the UST.
2866	45:1	uid7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The words “of the rule” are understood. Alternate translation: “in the fourth year of the rule of Jehoiakim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2867	45:1	d24t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	The word “fourth” is the ordinal form of the number four. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2868	45:1	w799		“Jeremiah said to Baruch”
2869	45:3	vg45		“for I was already suffering and now Yahweh causes me to be sad as well”
2870	45:3	jwx7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “groaning” can be stated as “cry.” Alternate translation: “I am tired because I cry so much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2871	45:4	sdw1		Yahweh is telling Jeremiah what to say to Baruch.
2872	45:5	jtj1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses a question to state that he knows Baruch is hoping for others to treat him in a special way. Alternate translation: “I know you hope for great things for yourself.” or “I know you hope others will honor you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2873	45:5	m1dh		“For understand” or “Be aware”
2874	45:5	n1jc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Allowing Baruch to escape and remain alive is spoken of as if his life were plunder that he would take after a battle. Alternate translation: “but wherever you go, I will protect you and allow you to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2875	45:5	a5tu		things stolen from a place by force
2876	46:intro	ul65		Jeremiah 46 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 46:3-12, 14-24. This begins a section where Jeremiah prophesies about other nations. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Special concepts in this chapter Justice Much of Jeremiah is concerned with Yahweh’s punishment of Judah. Yahweh used Egypt to punish Judah. Because Yahweh is just, he is going to punish Egypt for their evil deeds as well. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Battle preparations Jeremiah commands the Egyptian army to prepare for battle, even though they will not be able to defend themselves. Their punishment has already been determined by Yahweh.
2877	46:1	sfw3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2878	46:1	e496	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 14:1, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2879	46:2	q4ql		This phrase indicates this message is intended for the nation of Egypt.
2880	46:2	zfd4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2881	46:2	dv75	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a city on the west bank of the Euphrates. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2882	46:2	tsq6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “that the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2883	46:2	nsv9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This refers to the fourth year of Jehoiakim’s reign. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “in the fourth year of the reign of Jehoiakim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2884	46:2	v9gg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	The word “fourth” is the ordinal form of “four.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2885	46:4	vhi9		A “harness” is a set of straps placed on a horse so that it can pull a chariot. Here “mount up on the horses” means that the soldiers rode in the chariots that the horses were pulling.
2886	46:4	z233		A helmet is armor which protects the head in battle.
2887	46:4	v58m		This phrase means to “sharpen” the spear.
2888	46:5	h8b9		Jeremiah’s vision for Egypt continues.
2889	46:5	nj2q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The word “I” here refer to Yahweh. Yahweh uses a question to introduce the vision and to draw attention to what he says next. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at what is happening here” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2890	46:5	hry1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “terror” can be stated as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “The Egyptian soldiers are terrified” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2891	46:6	gr1r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that no one, not even the strongest and fastest, can escape. The nominal adjective “the swift” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “even the swiftest soldier cannot escape” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2892	46:6	bv4q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Both statements mean the same thing. Being and dying in battle is spoken of as if the soldiers stumble and fall. Alternate translation: “The Egyptian soldiers suffer defeat and die in the north by the Euphrates River” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2893	46:7	qv9y		Jeremiah continues quoting Yahweh’s declaration to the nation of Egypt.
2894	46:7	j7fk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses a question to draw attention to what he is about to say concerning Egypt. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Look at who rises like the Nile … the rivers.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2895	46:8	n8ng	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The Nile river floods its banks once a year, covering the surrounding area with water. Yahweh compares the kingdom of Egypt to the Nile because the Egyptian people think they are mighty enough to destroy cities in all the lands. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2896	46:8	udt1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Egypt” represents all the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “The Egyptians rise … The Egyptians say … We will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2897	46:9	ew5h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “horses” and “chariots” represent the soldiers who use horses and chariots in battle. The leaders of Egypt are ordering their soldiers to start the battle. Alternate translation: “Go up to battle, you soldiers on horses. Fight furiously, you soldiers in chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2898	46:9	a538	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This command can be addressed directly to the soldiers. What they were to go out for can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “You soldiers from Cush and Put, who are skillful with your shields, go out to battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2899	46:9	fz8w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are biblical names for the countries of Ethiopia and Libya. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2900	46:9	c8vs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The ideas of soldiers and going out to battle are understood from earlier in the sentence. They can be repeated. This command can also be addressed directly to the soldiers. Alternate translation: “you soldiers from Lud, who are skillful at bending your bows, go out to battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2901	46:9	mem7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of the people group from the nation of Lud. Lud is the biblical name for Lydia. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2902	46:9	awb5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “bend the bow” means to pull the string of the bow back with an arrow in order to shoot the arrow. Alternate translation: “skillful at shooting arrows from their bows” or “skillful with the bow and arrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2903	46:10	b6mc		Jeremiah’s quotation of Yahweh’s declaration to the nation of Egypt continues.
2904	46:10	k221		This phrase refers to the day the Egyptians lose the battle to the Babylonians.
2905	46:10	kb95	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself in third person. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “for me, Lord Yahweh of hosts, and I will avenge myself on my foes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2906	46:10	xmi3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	This speaks of Yahweh’s sword as if it were devouring people and drinking blood. Both these phrases are saying similar thing and are combined to emphasize that there will be complete destruction. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy my enemy. It will be like my sword devours them and gets drunk on their blood” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2907	46:10	c3fe	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh punishing and killing his enemies is spoken of as if he would use a sword to kill them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2908	46:10	i9dw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh avenging himself by causing the Egyptians to lose in battle against the Babylonians is spoken of as if the Egyptian army would be a sacrifice to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “For the Egyptians will be like a sacrifice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2909	46:11	h7iu		Yahweh finishes his declaration to Egypt.
2910	46:11	b1x3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	Gilead was a region famous for having people skillful with medicine. Yahweh is mocking the Egyptians by telling them to go get medicine, but he knows it will not help them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2911	46:11	k73x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the virgin daughter of Egypt. Alternate translation: “people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2912	46:12	m6ni		This word means a condition of feeling ashamed or the loss of respect.
2913	46:12	xc2h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “earth” is a metonym for the people of the earth and a generalization for the people who know what has happened to Egypt. All the people of the earth hearing the Egyptians crying is spoken of as if their laments filled the earth. Alternate translation: “All the people of the earth hear you crying” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2914	46:12	jk5t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Soldiers dying in battle is spoken of as if they were stumbling and falling down. Alternate translation: “for your soldiers die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2915	46:13	q31x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here Nebuchadnezzar represents his army. Alternate translation: “when the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2916	46:13	jr9a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the people of Egypt” or “the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2917	46:14	g5lu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translate the name of this city as you did in Jeremiah 44:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2918	46:14	qy9a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translate the names of these cities as you did in Jeremiah 2:16. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2919	46:14	b4vr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “sword” here represents soldiers carrying weapons. The enemy soliders killing people is spoken of as if their swords were devouring people. Alternate translation: “your enemies will kill people all around you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2920	46:15	a8tg		Some Bibles translate this as “Why has Apis fled? Why did your bull not stand?” Apis was an Egyptian god that was represented by the form of a bull. The bull is often a symbol for strength. That is why the ULT and other versions of the Bible translate this as “strong ones” or “mighty ones,” which refers to soldiers.
2921	46:15	i1pz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses a question to mock the strength of the Egyptian soldiers. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers are face-down on the ground and will not stand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2922	46:16	a5tm		“Yahweh causes more and more of your soldiers to stumble”
2923	46:16	c7x1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “sword” represents the enemy soldiers who are carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “Let us run away from our enemies because they are killing us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2924	46:17	bd2w		Possible meanings are (1) “they” refers to people in general who are in Egypt or (2) “they” refers to the foreign soldiers who are fleeing to their native lands of Cush, Put, and Lud.
2925	46:17	kv5n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	These two phrases are saying that the nation of Egypt has become of little importance. The phrase “only a noise” is an idiom that means a person says he will do something but he does not do it. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh brags much but cannot do what he brags he will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2926	46:18	a2ci	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Here “King” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “this is what I, the King, declare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2927	46:18	gmj6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This refers to the nation of Babylon who will be as overwhelming to the nation of Egypt as the these two mountains are to the plains that surround them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2928	46:18	t2bs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a mountain in the northern part of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2929	46:19	n24i		“Prepare to go into exile”
2930	46:20	nf61	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The nation of Egypt, which was very strong and prosperous, is spoken of as if it were a beautiful young cow. Alternate translation: “Egypt is like a very beautiful heifer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2931	46:20	pcx7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The enemy army coming to attack the Egyptians is spoken of as if the army were an insect that stings. Alternate translation: “but a powerful army like a stinging insect” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2932	46:21	duz9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The writer compares soldiers to “fattened bulls” because the soldiers are well cared for by the Egyptians just as a farmer takes care of a bull and makes it fat. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2933	46:21	y6gt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	To “stand together” is an idiom meaning to remain united. The writer is saying that the soldiers will not fight as a unit but will run away thinking only of saving themselves. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2934	46:21	h8zt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of a day as if it travels and arrives in a location. Alternate translation: “they will experience disaster on that day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2935	46:22	pc27	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The inability of the Egyptians to do anything to stop their enemy is spoken of as if they were snakes that can only hiss and crawl away. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2936	46:22	z1yp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The enemies coming with the weapons to destroy the Egyptians is spoken of as if they were woodcutters with axes preparing to cut down a tree. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2937	46:23	q15l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This continues speaking of the enemy army attacking the Egyptians as if the army were woodcutters cutting down trees. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will kill many Egyptians like woodcutters cutting down a forest … even though there are very many trees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2938	46:23	p42g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2939	46:23	gvh6		This is a type of insect that travels in very large groups and can cause great destruction by eating crops.
2940	46:23	dl76	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will be able to count them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2941	46:24	ut6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The people of Egypt are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Egypt. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will humiliate the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2942	46:24	n1ba	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hand” represents power or control. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will allow the people from the north to defeat the Egyptians” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2943	46:25	v4iz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	“Amon” is the king of the Egyptian gods. “Thebes” is the capital of the northern part of Egypt, and here it represents the people of Thebes. Alternate translation: “Amon, god of Thebes” or “Amon, god of the people of Thebes” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2944	46:25	au2w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Egypt” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of Egypt and the gods they worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2945	46:26	pq89	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hand” represents power or control. The phrase “seeking their lives” is an idiom that mean to want to kill someone. Alternate translation: “I will allow those who are wanting to kill them to defeat them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2946	46:26	n18z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hand” represents power or control. “Nebuchadnezzar … his servants” names specifically “the ones seeking their lives.” Alternate translation: “that is, I will allow Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants to defeat the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2947	46:26	zb51	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then after this, people will live in Egypt again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2948	46:27	cfi7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases mean the same thing. Here “Jacob” and “Israel” represent the people of Israel. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people should not be afraid. Alternate translation: “people of Israel, my servants, do not be afraid” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2949	46:27	n8yh		“from the land where they are captives”
2950	46:28	r2ij	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “destruction” can be stated using the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy all the nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2951	46:28	h92x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2952	47:intro	y84e		Jeremiah 47 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 47:2-7. Jeremiah’s prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Flood waters This chapter uses the imagery of a flood to describe the enemies who conquer the Philistines. Their destruction will be swift and complete. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2953	47:1	up7u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “the word of Yahweh that came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 14:1, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2954	47:1	z4d3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “this word came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave this message to Jeremiah” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2955	47:1	n7b3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Pharaoh” represents the Egyptians army. Alternate translation: “before Pharaoh’s army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2956	47:2	br4s		The word “see” alerts us to pay attention to what is about to be said.
2957	47:2	na2f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The two phrases have a similar meaning. The enemy army is spoken of as if it were a flood. Alternate translation: “an army in the north will come like a flood. They will be powerful like an overflowing river” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2958	47:2	wnx1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This continues speaking of the army from the north as an overflowing river. Alternate translation: “like an overflowing river, the army from the north will destroy the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2959	47:3	yv46	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Together these represent the sounds of an oncoming army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2960	47:3	yya7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrase have similar meanings and they are combined to emphasize the loud noise they will make. Alternate translation: “at the very loud sound of the wheels of the chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2961	47:4	q4r1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of a day as if it were something that travels and arrives in a place. Alternate translation: “For on that day, the enemy army will devastate all of the Philistines and cut off from Tyre” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2962	47:4	f7br	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Removing someone is spoken of as if they were cut off the way a person may cut a branch from a tree or a piece of cloth from a garment. Alternate translation: “to remove anyone who may want to help Tyre and Sidon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2963	47:4	g199	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of an island of the northern region of the Philistines. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2964	47:5	u8ep	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “baldness” can be stated as “bald.” “Gaza” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people of Gaza will shave their heads bald” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2965	47:5	yv2n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	The shaving of the entire head or portions of the head is a sign of great sorrow practiced by idol worshipers in nations such as Philistia. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2966	47:5	dw3l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Possible meanings are (1) the people will be silent because they are mourning or (2) this is a euphemism that means the enemy soldiers will kill them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2967	47:5	m4h3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Ashkelon will never stop mourning. Yahweh speaks to the people as if he were speaking to one woman, who is a metaphor for the city itself. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will forever cut yourselves in mourning.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2968	47:5	f7f4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	The cutting of one’s skin was another practice done by the idol worshipers when they mourn the dead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2969	47:6	eck8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The Philistines speak to the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could hear them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you who are holding your sword! When will you stop striking us with your sword? Stop your sword and put it back in its scabbard!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2970	47:6	m6j8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army from the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking them with a sword. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2971	47:6	cid1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The people of the Philistines use this question to express their deep frustration about the devastation caused by their enemies. This may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please be silent!” or “Please, Yahweh, stop striking us with your sword!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2972	47:6	r4br	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	A sword makes a noise as it slashes back and forth. Asking the sword to be silent means to ask it to stop slashing and killing. Alternate translation: “you rest” or “you stop slashing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2973	47:6	hg5n		This is the case used to protect the blade of a sword.
2974	47:7	x3p6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Here Jeremiah is speaking. He continues speaking of the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could rest. Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army of the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking the people with a sword. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It cannot rest … along the sea.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2975	47:7	w3uj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jeremiah uses a question to mean that the sword cannot stop since Yahweh has commanded it to continue killing. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It cannot stop, for Yahweh has commanded it. He has ordered … the sea.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2976	48:intro	d44i		Jeremiah 48 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 48:1-25, 28-33, 39-47. Jeremiah’s prophesies about other nations continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Special concepts in this chapter Obeying Yahweh Moab worshiped and served other gods. Despite this, Yahweh expected every nation to worship and serve him and him alone. They were punished because of it. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
2977	48:1	r24j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2978	48:1	kuu3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Moab” represents the people. Alternate translation: “To the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2979	48:1	tu4z		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
2980	48:1	xw9v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Nebo” represents the people. Alternate translation: “How terrible it is for the people of Nebo, for their city is devastated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2981	48:1	b21z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a city near Mount Nebo in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2982	48:1	vv99	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Kiriathaim has been humiliated” represents the people being humiliated. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy has captured the city of Kiriathaim and humiliated the people who live there” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2983	48:1	e7lp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2984	48:1	w4q3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “fortress has been disgraced” represents the people being disgraced. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy has destroyed the fortress in Kiriathaim and disgraced its people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2985	48:2	f8nr		“People no longer honor Moab” or “People no longer praise Moab”
2986	48:2	hq3s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2987	48:2	dmn9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	“Madmen” here is a town in Moab. The name of the city has nothing to do with the English word “madmen.” Alternate translation: “Their enemies will destroy the city of Madmen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2988	48:2	ie7u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “sword” represents the enemy army carrying weapons. Alternate translation: “your enemies will chase after you and kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2989	48:3	bp4x		Jeremiah continues to tell of the destruction of Moab.
2990	48:3	f5ti	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a town in the south of Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2991	48:3	ue2v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two terms mean the same thing. Together they emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2992	48:4	u8km	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy army has destroyed Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2993	48:4	h6mu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Possible meanings are (1) the children who lived in Moab or (2) “children” is a metonym that represents the people of Moab in general. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2994	48:5	uj9q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a place in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2995	48:5	cpt9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “destruction” can be stated as “destroyed.” Alternate translation: “because their town is destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2996	48:6	lhh3		The word “your” refers to the people of Moab.
2997	48:6	kv9q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The people fleeing from their cities into the desert is compared to a bush or shrub that grows in the desert. Alternate translation: “become like a shrub that grows in the wilderness” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2998	48:7	gkg1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “trust” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because you trusted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2999	48:7	z18z		“in your own efforts” or “in your own work”
3000	48:7	v42e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemy army will also capture you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3001	48:7	x4hy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	“Chemosh” is the chief god of the Moabites. This means the enemy army will take the idol of Chemosh that the people made to worship. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will take your god Chemosh as a captive” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3002	48:8	uxi3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Here “the destroyer” represents the enemy army. Alternate translation: “For the enemy army will come to every city and destroy it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3003	48:8	wca7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “no people from any city will escape” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3004	48:8	e6c4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “valley” and “plain” represent the cities and the people in those places Alternate translation: “So the enemy army will destroy everything in the valleys and on the plains” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3005	48:9	jd6u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Helping the people is spoken of as if they would put wings on the people so that could fly away. Alternate translation: “Help the people of Moab to escape as if you were giving them wings to fly away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3006	48:9	eq9z		The translation of the original language is uncertain. Some Bibles translate this as “Set up a tombstone for Moab, for the enemy will certainly destroy it.” Other Bibles translate it as “Put salt on the cities of Moab, for the enemy will completely destroy it.” Enemies through salt on ruins to keep thing from ever growing there again.
3007	48:10	c5zb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “blood” represents a person’s life. And “shedding blood” is an idiom that means to kill. Alternate translation: “from killing people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3008	48:11	lvs4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of “he” and “his” can be stated as “they,” “their,” or “them.” Alternate translation: “Even from their earliest times, the people of Moab have felt secure … They are … their wine … They have never gone … they tastes … their flavor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3009	48:11	tpx9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	For wine to taste good, it has to be left undisturbed for a long time and not poured from one pot to another. Yahweh compares the people of Moab, who are prosperous because no one has ever conquered them and taken them as captives, to wine that is undisturbed and has a good flavor. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3010	48:12	mt13		“Listen carefully because there will be a time”
3011	48:12	p3kf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3012	48:12	z48t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The enemy army defeating the people of Moab and taking them as captives is spoken of as if the people of Moab are wine and someone will come and pour them out and break the wine jars. Alternate translation: “I will send an army that will destroy them as if they were pouring out wine and breaking the jars” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3013	48:12	nky7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of “he,” “his,” and “him” in 48:11-12 can be stated as “they,” “their,” or “them.” Alternate translation: “send them … tip them over … their pots … their jars” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3014	48:13	le7f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Moab” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3015	48:13	biu2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Chemosh is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this name in Jeremiah 48:7. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3016	48:13	qrf9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel’s descendants. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 2:4. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people group” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3017	48:13	fr2l		Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the city of Bethel where the Israelites worshiped a golden calf or (2) Bethel is the name of a false god the Israelites worshiped.
3018	48:14	r8r7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Here Yahweh is speaking to the soldiers of Moab. Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the soldiers. Alternate translation: “No longer can you say, ‘We are soldiers, powerful fighting men.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3019	48:15	z5yr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy army will devastate Moab and attack its cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3020	48:15	b73e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The best men of Moab going to battle and being killed is spoken of as if they were animals taken to a place to be slaughtered. Alternate translation: “their fine young men will all be slaughtered” or “the enemy army will kill all of the finest men of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3021	48:15	x1zc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Here “king” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in first person. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 46:18. Alternate translation: “This is what I, the king, declare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3022	48:16	f7i9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two sentences mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Moab’s destruction will happen very soon. Alternate translation: “Moab’s enemies will destroy her very soon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3023	48:16	u5tf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Something terrible happening soon is spoken of as if calamity were something that could move quickly to a place. Alternate translation: “terrible things will happen very soon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3024	48:17	l1hb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the words “staff” and “rod” represent the power and political support that Moab provided to other nations. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moab’s enemies have ended her great power” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3025	48:18	f8bi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The people of Dibon are spoken of as if they were the daughter of Dibon. Alternate translation: “you people living in Dibon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3026	48:18	l7bv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3027	48:18	y9wk		“the enemy army that will destroy Moab”
3028	48:19	l7di	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3029	48:19	vrl3		“Ask the people” or “Ask the men and women”
3030	48:20	zk9c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Moab” represents the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people are disgraced, for the enemy army has destroyed Moab” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3031	48:20	lmj3		“Cry loudly in pain and anger”
3032	48:20	zl7d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the enemy army has devastated Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3033	48:21	m1zb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Yahweh punishing the people of the hill country and cities of Moab is spoken of as if punishment were something that could travel and arrive in a place. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will punish the people of the hill country, of Holon … Mephaath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3034	48:21	wa5a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are cities in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3035	48:24	z44v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	a city in Moab (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3036	48:25	y4ql	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Both of these statements mean the same thing. Here “horn” and “arm” represent power. To have these hacked off or broken means to lose one’s power. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moab has become weak; the people are not able to fight anymore” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3037	48:25	b8p9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3038	48:26	r5qs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	Yahweh is speaking. The command “Make him drunk” indicates what Yahweh will cause to happen. Here “him” and “he” refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, will cause the people of Moab to be drunk, for they acted proudly against me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3039	48:26	v6it	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here people experiencing Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if they were drunk on wine, acting foolishly so that people laugh at them. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to be like a drunk person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3040	48:26	lx5w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Moab as if they were a drunk person. Alternate translation: “Now the people of Moab will be like a person who wallows in his vomit … an object of ridicule (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3041	48:26	ln6t		“so that people will laugh at him”
3042	48:27	hq3z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses a question to remind the people of Moab how they treated the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “For you used to mock and laugh at the people of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3043	48:27	j56c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel … Were they found … at them … about them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3044	48:27	ft2u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Here Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the people of Moab for treating the people of Israel with shame though they did nothing wrong. Alternate translation: “Although they were not thieves, you still shook your head … about him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3045	48:27	s168	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This is a symbolic action that shows feeling of scorn or disgust towards someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3046	48:28	e2f5		A cliff is a steep side of a mountain.
3047	48:28	ag7z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This simile emphasizes the people should leave their cities and live in the rocky cliffs to hide from their enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3048	48:28	bp3p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “mouth of a hole” is an idiom that means the entrance to a cave. Alternate translation: “the entrance to caves” or “an opening in the rocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3049	48:29	zjt4		Here “We” refers generally to all the people in the surrounding area.
3050	48:29	c6m3		All of these words have similar meanings. They are used together to emphasize the extreme pride of the people of Moab.
3051	48:29	qa3k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “his conceit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3052	48:30	sx8k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	The word “myself” is used to emphasize that Yahweh was the one who knew about Moab’s defiant speech. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
3053	48:30	wf2k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “his” refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “their defiant speech … like their deeds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3054	48:30	s8fk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “speech” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “that he has spoken pridefully” or “that he has spoken arrogant words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3055	48:31	jtn1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Both of these statements mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will cry loudly for the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3056	48:31	cdx5		Possible meanings are (1) “I” refers to Jeremiah or (2) “I” refers to Yahweh.
3057	48:31	x2jk		a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain or deep sorrow
3058	48:31	be4l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of the old capital city of Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3059	48:32	xbx7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of two towns in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3060	48:32	xk3l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The town of Sibmah had many vineyards. Here, Yahweh speaks to the people of Sibmah as if there were a grapevine. Alternate translation: “people of Sibmah, who are like a grapevine with branches that passed … your wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3061	48:32	z5h3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Sibmah as if they were a grapevine. Alternate translation: “The destroyers have attacked you and have taken the fruit from your vineyards and your wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3062	48:32	lk5n		“The enemy army has”
3063	48:33	kv8p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract nouns “celebration” and “rejoicing” can be stated as verbs. The phrase “have been taken away” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab will no longer celebrate and rejoice because of their fruit trees” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3064	48:33	fn4p		“I have stopped the wine from their winepresses” or “I have stopped the people from making wine”
3065	48:33	u8yw		Here “I” refers to Yahweh.
3066	48:33	db16	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The wine makers would stomp on the grapes to squeeze out the juice. Alternate translation: “The wine makers will not stomp the grapes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3067	48:34	hx1i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translate the name of this city as you did in Jeremiah 48:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3068	48:34	zq8f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of other cities in Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3069	48:34	puy7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a stream or river near the Dead Sea. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3070	48:35	ler4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3071	48:36	jaw6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “heart” represents the whole person. The person’s sad crying is compared to the sad music played on a flute at a funeral. Alternate translation: “I cry sadly for Moab. My cries are like the sad music a person plays on a flute at a funeral” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3072	48:36	qwv8		Possible meanings are (1) “my” refers to Jeremiah or (2) “my” refers to Yahweh.
3073	48:36	b311	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kir Hareseth was an ancient capital of Moab. See how you translated this name in Jeremiah 48:31. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3074	48:37	mzh2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	These are all things that the people of Moab did when they were mourning or expressing deep sorrow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3075	48:37	t4g3		cuts made on the skin
3076	48:38	yc69	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “mourning” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “There are people mourning everywhere” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3077	48:38	vhp3		“every housetop”
3078	48:38	k4ve		open public areas, such as open marketplaces
3079	48:38	x6fh		The word “I” refers to Yahweh
3080	48:38	aj4j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3081	48:39	bl2b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	Here “How” begins exclamations. The phrase “has been shattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have completely shattered them! They shout loudly and weep!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3082	48:39	kh25		a sad and loud cry that a person makes when he is in pain
3083	48:39	n6k8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here Moab represents the people. To turn one’s back is a sign of feeling ashamed. Alternate translation: “The people of Moab turn their backs in shame” or “The people of Moab are ashamed and will not show their faces” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3084	48:39	b4ii	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “derision” and “terror.” Alternate translation: “So all the people nearby will be terrified at what happened to the people of Moab and they will mock them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3085	48:40	m362	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	These phrases compare how a powerful army will descend on Moab and conquer it to the way an eagle swoops down to capture its prey. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3086	48:41	bm6y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy has captured Kerioth and seized its strongholds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3087	48:41	ud2e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is a city in Moab. See how you translated this name in Jeremiah 48:24. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3088	48:41	l119	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This phrase compares the fear that will overwhelm the soldiers of Moab to the fear a woman may feel when she is about to give birth to her child. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3089	48:41	nyn5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hearts” represent a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “Moab’s soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3090	48:42	a6pz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the enemy will destroy the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3091	48:43	dsi5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “coming on you” is an idiom that means “to experience” something. Alternate translation: “You will experience the terror, the pit, and a trap” or “You will be terrified, and you will fall into pits and traps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3092	48:43	r55q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3093	48:44	qa8k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “the pit” and “the trap” represent all the different bad things that will happen to the people. People will run away to escape one bad thing but they will just experience another bad thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3094	48:44	n33r		Here, “year” could be translated as “time” or “season” or “time period.”
3095	48:45	gbj4		This refers to the people who were able to run away during the destruction of Moab.
3096	48:45	jpn8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “in the shadow” represents protection or shelter. Alternate translation: “will hide in Heshbon for protection” or “will go to Heshbon for shelter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3097	48:45	ypv8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that Moab’s destruction will begin and spread out from Heshbon, where King Sihon once lived. Alternate translation: because a fire will burn in Heshbon, which is the city where King Sihon lived long ago (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3098	48:45	r5h5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translate the name of this city as you did in Jeremiah 48:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3099	48:45	m2yh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of an Amorite king who once ruled over Heshbon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3100	48:45	ail8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “forehead” and “top of the heads” represent the people of Moab as a whole. Alternate translation: “It will burn up all the people in Moab who noisily boasted very much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3101	48:45	rkn8		the part of the face that is above the eyes, but below the hairline
3102	48:46	fd8h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The enemy army has destroyed the people who worship Chemosh” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3103	48:46	dpj3		This is the chief god of the Moabites. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 48:7.
3104	48:46	k4g8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemy army has taken your sons and daughters as captives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3105	48:47	b2it		“I will cause things to go well for Moab again” or “I will cause Moab to live well again.” See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 29:14.
3106	48:47	ei27	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3107	48:47	i5t1		“That is the end of what Jeremiah prophesied about Moab”
3108	49:intro	t6np		Jeremiah 49 General Notes Structure and formatting The ULT sets the lines in 49:1-11, 14-27, 29-33, 37-39 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long quotation. Jeremiah’s prophesies about other nations conclude in this chapter. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Special concepts in this chapter Covenant with Abraham Ammon is destroyed because it drove the people of the tribe of Gad from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham’s descendants. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Rhetorical questions There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to convict those Yahweh addresses. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3109	49:1	q42f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
3110	49:1	tz36		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 6:6.
3111	49:1	rj3z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses a question to express that the people of Israel should be living in Gad rather than those who worship Molech. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There are plenty of Israelites to inherit the land of Israel. The people who worship the false idol, Molech, should not live in Gad.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3112	49:1	t5qg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Molech” represents the people who worship Molech. Alternate translation: “Why do the people who worship Molech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3113	49:2	lb84		This adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look and listen”
3114	49:2	b61d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this in Jeremiah 7:32. Alternate translation: “in the future … I will” or “there will be a time … when I will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3115	49:2	i8qt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3116	49:2	jfb2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh causing an army to attack is spoken of as if he would sound the signal for the battle to start. Alternate translation: “when I will cause the enemy army to sound the signal for battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3117	49:2	cl24		This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemy army will burn their villages”
3118	49:2	p4ct	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. “Those” refers to people of Ammon, who represent the land that they took from Israel. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Israel will again possess the land that the people of Ammon took away from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3119	49:3	ve5q		“Cry loudly and weep”
3120	49:3	ywk1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translate the name of this city as you did in Jeremiah 48:2. Here “Heshbon” represents the people. Alternate translation: “people of Heshbon” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3121	49:3	kfc8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for your enemies will devastate Ai” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3122	49:3	bf53	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are (1) “daughters” represent the women who live in Rabbah. Alternate translation: “women of Rabbah” or (2) all the people in general are spoken of as if they are the daughters of Rabbah. Alternate translation: “people of Rabbah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3123	49:3	z6g9		“for your enemies will take your god Molech captive.” This means the enemies will take the idol that represents Molech back to their land.
3124	49:4	p3m1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses a question to scold the people for bragging about the large amount of fruit that grows in their valleys. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not be proud of your valleys … daughter.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3125	49:4	ve6p		Some versions of the Bible read, “Why do you brag about your strength, your strength which is ebbing away”
3126	49:4	a3g4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here, the people of Ammon are spoken of as if they were a daughter. Alternate translation: “faithless people” or “rebellious people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3127	49:4	yq5q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The Ammonites use this question to state that they do not believe anyone can defeat them. It can be reworded as an indirect statement. Alternate translation: “falsely think that no one can defeat you.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3128	49:5	a2bs		The word “you” refers to the people of Ammon.
3129	49:5	wlw8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “terror” can be stated as the verb “terrify.” The phrase “will be scattered” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cause all those around you to terrify you. Each one of you flee to different directions” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3130	49:7	j239		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
3131	49:7	j6lv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses a question to scold the people of Teman for not acting wisely. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3132	49:7	rhs5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a district in Edom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3133	49:7	c4hs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The same idea is expressed in two different ways. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3134	49:7	hk68	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this question to scold the people. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems that there are no longer any wise people in Teman district in Edom!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3135	49:7	gu21	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this question to scold the people. This question may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Their advice is no longer wise.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3136	49:8	mu6m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	The is the name of a city in Edom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3137	49:8	b1f3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Esau” represents the people of Edom. The Edomites were descendants of Esau. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Edom to experience disaster when I punish them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3138	49:8	wxg4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh is speaking to the people of Edom. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “on you … I punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3139	49:9	jea8		Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom.
3140	49:9	rj8q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how grape harvesters leave some grapes behind. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If grape harvesters … they would certainly leave some grapes behind.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3141	49:9	j7jl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how thieves only take what they want. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If thieves … they would only take as much as they wanted.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3142	49:10	fyc2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh causing an enemy army to come and take everything is spoken of as if Yahweh stripped all the clothes off of Esau. Alternate translation: “But I have sent an army to take everything away from Esau” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3143	49:10	sn3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Esau” represents the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom … their hiding … they will not … hide themselves … Their children … they are gone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3144	49:10	i22l		“I have made known to the enemy soldiers where the people of Edom hide”
3145	49:12	z547		Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom.
3146	49:12	l9lp		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
3147	49:12	auj9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “the cup” is a metonym that represents the contents in the cup that the people must drink. The people experiencing Yahweh’s punishment is spoken of as if Yahweh’s punishment were liquid in a cup and the people must drink it. Alternate translation: “must certainly experience my punishment … for you will certainly experience my punishment” or “I will certainly still punish … for I will certainly punish you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3148	49:12	h58s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize the people of Edom have sinned and will certainly be punished. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly, you must be aware that you will personally experience my punishment for your sins.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3149	49:12	fb4j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	The words “you” and “yourself” refer to Edom, which represents the people of Edom. The word “yourself” is used to draw attention to the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “you yourselves” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
3150	49:13	g6tz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3151	49:13	g35q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract nouns “a horror,” “a disgrace,” and “a devastation” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “People will be horrified when they see that the city of Bozrah is devastated. And they will mock the city and use its name when they curse others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3152	49:13	u174	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a city in Edom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3153	49:13	d9vp		“All of Edom’s cities”
3154	49:14	ly1e		Jeremiah is now speaking to the people of Edom.
3155	49:14	h7yn		The word “I” refers to Jeremiah.
3156	49:14	vb6a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent out a messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3157	49:14	z9ze	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	It is understood “Gather together” is the beginning of the messenger’s message. Alternate translation: “to tell the nations, ‘Gather together … for battle.’” or “to the nations, and he will tell them, ‘Gather together … for battle.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3158	49:14	uw6a		The word “her” refers to Edom.
3159	49:15	pdt6		The word “I” refers to Yahweh. Here “you” refers to the nation of Edom.
3160	49:15	g33b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Here “small” represents having the least political importance. Alternate translation: “made you least important” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3161	49:15	wr35	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and people despise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3162	49:16	l2gu		Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom.
3163	49:16	l7en	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Here the abstract noun “fearsomeness” can be translated with either an adjective or a verb. Alternate translation: “As for how terrifying you think you are” or “Although you think you scare other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3164	49:16	kjt4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “heart” represents the whole person. People deceiving themselves is spoken of as if their pride deceived them. Alternate translation: “you have become prideful, but you have deceived yourselves” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3165	49:16	mwf3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that the people made homes in high places to remain safe from enemies. Alternate translation: “live in safety like an eagle in the heights of the mountains” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3166	49:16	v7eu		This is a very large, powerful bird of prey. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 4:13.
3167	49:16	lr1b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3168	49:17	xx9q		Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Edom.
3169	49:17	hj17	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “horror” can be stated using the verb “horrified.” Alternate translation: “The people passing by will be horrified when they what happened to Edom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3170	49:17	n5jw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	The word “hiss” refers to a sound that shows horror or awe. Alternate translation: “shake from fear and gasp” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3171	49:18	ihe5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Yahweh says the same thing twice to emphasize that Edom will be completely uninhabited. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3172	49:19	et9f		Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom.
3173	49:19	f4y5		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
3174	49:19	r4k5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “When I punish the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of forest and attacks sheep in the pasture” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3175	49:19	k55q		This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass.
3176	49:19	yjn4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Edom” represents the people. “It” refers to the land. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom will run from their land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3177	49:19	c4yq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom I will choose” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3178	49:19	l6pt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses the question to emphasize that no one is like him. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “For no one is like me, no one can summon me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3179	49:19	j5u5		“who will challenge me” or “who will call me to account”
3180	49:19	y36a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses the question to show no one can defeat him. Here “shepherd” is a metaphor for “king” or “ruler.” This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No king is able to resist me!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3181	49:20	kqc2		“the people who live in Teman”
3182	49:20	yyc7		Translate the name of this city as you did in Jeremiah 49:7.
3183	49:20	x5ym	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Edom as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will drag them away, even the smallest flock” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3184	49:20	k44h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here the youngest and weakest people of Edom are spoken of as if they are the smallest flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “even the weakest and the smallest people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3185	49:20	qbe4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here the land of Edom is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places” or “He will completely get rid of the people who live there” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3186	49:21	c9gl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The loud sound of Edom being destroyed is spoken of as if Edom were a large object that shakes the earth when it falls. Alternate translation: “When enemies come and destroy Edom, the noise will be extremely loud, with the result that the earth will shake” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3187	49:21	mw81	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People at the Sea of Reeds will hear the people of Edom crying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3188	49:22	u1u7		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
3189	49:22	u5hd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This simile means that when the enemy army attacks it will be vicious and unexpected. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3190	49:22	fk85	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translate the name of this city as you did in Jeremiah 48:24. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3191	49:22	u2ir	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hearts” represent a person’s emotions. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 48:41. Alternate translation: “Edom’s soldiers will be afraid like a woman about to give birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3192	49:23	v81s		Yahweh tells what will happen to the people of Damascus.
3193	49:23	yc2q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Hamath” and “Arpad” represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people who live in Hamath and Arpad will be ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3194	49:23	ecb7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are cities in Syria. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3195	49:23	tpi9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A person being afraid is spoken of as if the person were melting. Alternate translation: “They are very afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3196	49:23	pe7l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The water of the sea is always moving and is never still. This is compared to the people who cannot rest because they are so anxious about the bad news they heard. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3197	49:24	tg9v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Damascus” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Damascus have become very weak. They turn … seizes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3198	49:24	ik2u		The abstract noun “terror” can be stated as the verb “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Damascus is terrified” or “The people of Damascus are terrified”
3199	49:24	b8u2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “distress” and “pain.” The people are compared to a woman giving birth to emphasize their pain and fear. Alternate translation: “The people are afraid and suffering like a woman giving birth” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3200	49:25	u3wm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses a question to express that the people should have left the city. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This famous city once caused me to rejoice, but now the people should leave it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3201	49:25	c4ki		Some Bibles translate this with the people of Damascus speaking. Alternate translation: “The people of Damascus say, ‘The famous city, which once made us rejoice, is now empty.’”
3202	49:26	w6r9		Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Damascus.
3203	49:26	b744		The word “its” refers to Damascus and its people.
3204	49:26	p99r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They young men being killed is spoken of as if they will fall. Alternate translation: “enemies will kill the young men of Damascus in its plazas” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3205	49:26	sd8d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how similar words are translated in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3206	49:27	zq53	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Causing the enemy army to light a fire is spoken of as if Yahweh will light the fire. Alternate translation: “I will cause the enemy army to light a fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3207	49:27	xw47		“the fire will completely burn up”
3208	49:27	ghf4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This the name or title of the king of Damascus. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3209	49:28	vn4c		Jeremiah speaks about what will happen to Kedar.
3210	49:28	xl4r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a land far to the east of Israel. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 2:10. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3211	49:28	fp4y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of kingdom or district far to the east of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3212	49:28	l7n2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Here “now” introduces background information about Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
3213	49:28	yq1x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Nebuchadnezzar” represents his army. Alternate translation: “the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon was going to attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3214	49:29	mmd9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your soldiers will take their flocks, tent curtains, and all of their equipment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3215	49:29	mdi2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your soldiers will take their camels from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3216	49:29	hri3		Possible meanings are (1) these are men being attacked by the enemy. Alternate translation: “men will shout, ‘We are terrified because terrible things are happening all around us!’” or (2) these are soldiers in the invading army. Alternate translation: “soldiers will shout at them, ‘Be afraid because we are all around you!’”
3217	49:30	p7ww		Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor.
3218	49:30	a8sg		Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Kedar.
3219	49:30	dpv9		“people who live in Hazor”
3220	49:30	f53n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3221	49:30	l16w		“made a plan”
3222	49:31	dyc3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Here Yahweh is speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he was there listening to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
3223	49:31	qnr3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “nation” represents the people living there. Alternate translation: “Attack this nation, whose people feel safe and secure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3224	49:31	hxk3		The words “They” and “them” refer to the people who feel safe and secure.
3225	49:32	iq5h		Yahweh continues telling Nebuchadnezzar to attack the people of Kedar and the kingdom of Hazor.
3226	49:32	bn78	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Yahweh is still speaking to Nebuchadnezzar as if he were there listening to him. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “For your soldiers will take their camels and all of their property” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3227	49:32	i9ed	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “every wind” represents the nations. Alternate translation: “Then I will send to nations in all different directions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3228	49:32	m49g		This probably refers to people who cut their hair short in order to honor a pagan god. Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression as “those who live on the edge of the wilderness.” See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 9:26.
3229	49:32	vge9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3230	49:33	kqm2		“a place where jackals live.” Jackals are fierce wild dogs. See how you translated “jackals” in Jeremiah 9:11.
3231	49:33	u8xq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Hazor will be completely uninhabited. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3232	49:34	z9k4		Yahweh is speaking about what will happen to Elam.
3233	49:34	iy32	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 14:1, and make any changes as needed. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3234	49:35	gga5		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
3235	49:35	f1xj		“The archers made Elam very powerful, but I will stop them”
3236	49:35	phc1		men who are skilled with a bow and arrows
3237	49:36	k5pp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “four winds from the four corners” is an idiom that represents wind blowing from every direction. Alternate translation: “I will cause the winds to blow from every direction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3238	49:36	p5sx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “winds” represents nations. And the nations are a synecdoche representing the armies from those nations. Causing armies to come from all directions is spoken of as if Yahweh will cause wind to blow from all directions Alternate translation: “I will bring your enemies from every direction to attack you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3239	49:36	hx53	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “winds” represents “nations.” Alternate translation: “to all those nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3240	49:36	a1gl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will scatter the people of Elam to every nation on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
3241	49:37	p5tp		Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Elam.
3242	49:37	pcx2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	These words are a metonym for Yahweh causing enemies to destroy Elam. Alternate translation: “I will cause Elam’s enemies to destroy Elam” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3243	49:37	z98d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the people of Elam (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3244	49:37	e227	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Seeking a person’s life represents wanting or desiring to kill someone. Alternate translation: “those who want to kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3245	49:37	l2b9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh causing people to experience disaster is spoken of as if he would bring disaster against them. Alternate translation: “I will cause them to experience disaster” or “I will cause terrible things to happen to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3246	49:37	kkm4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “sword” represents the enemy army carrying their weapons. Alternate translation: “the enemy army to pursue and kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3247	49:38	we6b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “throne” represents Yahweh’s right to rule and judge as the king. Alternate translation: “I will judge the people of Elam” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3248	49:39	s61m		“in the future”
3249	50:intro	dyn1		Jeremiah 50 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 50:1-5, 6-46. Special concepts in this chapter Babylon destroyed Babylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Israel The author sometimes uses the term “Israel” to refer to the people of the old northern kingdom of Israel, and at other times to the nation of Israel as a whole. He switches between these uses several times without warning the reader. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3250	50:1	mzg3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	God gives Jeremiah a message about Babylon. See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]
3251	50:1	je71	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “This is the message that Yahweh gave” or “This is the message that Yahweh spoke” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3252	50:1	k291	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The hand is a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 37:2. Alternate translation: “through Jeremiah, who was a prophet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3253	50:2	gf1a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	This phrase is repeated to emphasize the importance of the command. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3254	50:2	a85t		“Put up a sign”
3255	50:2	q3di		“Babylon is conquered”
3256	50:2	zzg6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These lines mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh has disgraced the gods of Babylon. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3257	50:2	x394	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are two names for the chief god of Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3258	50:3	g6ih		Here “it” refers to Babylon in both phrases.
3259	50:3	daw4		The word “her” refers to Babylon.
3260	50:3	sf89	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “desolation” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “destroy her land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3261	50:4	xb8i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the importance of that future time. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 33:15. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3262	50:4	f3j1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3263	50:4	sdx6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Seeking Yahweh their God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3264	50:5	e8cx		The word “They” refers to the people of Israel or the people of Judah who are returning from Babylon to Jerusalem.
3265	50:5	q3s7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is figurative language used to explain a spiritual connection to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3266	50:5	ch4b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This states that the covenant will be obeyed forever. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will forget” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3267	50:6	fsj1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a group of sheep that was lost. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “My people have been like a lost flock of sheep” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3268	50:6	a67k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The leaders of Israel are spoken of as if they were the shepherds of people. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “Their leaders were like shepherds who” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3269	50:6	zpk8		“lead them around to many different places”
3270	50:7	h59f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Attacking the people of Israel is spoken of as if a wild animal ate them. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “devoured them like a wild animal would eat its prey” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3271	50:7	u3dr		The word “they” refers to the people of Israel.
3272	50:7	id3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh is spoken of as the source of their trust. The abstract noun “hope” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “the one whom their ancestors confidently expected to help them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3273	50:8	en1b		Yahweh is speaking to his people in captivity in Babylon.
3274	50:8	ey2s		This command is addressed to the people of Israel who were in exile in Babylon.
3275	50:8	y6hx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Male goats tend to be more independent than the rest of the flock. Possible meanings are (1) they should be the first to leave Babylon or (2) they should lead the rest of the Israelites away from Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3276	50:9	dns1		The word “see” alerts the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because”
3277	50:9	db8i		“stir up”
3278	50:9	rv59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “These nations will capture Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3279	50:9	sd99		Possible meanings are (1) “from the north” or (2) “from their battle positions.”
3280	50:9	nm58	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The effectiveness of the arrows of the attacking nations are spoken of as if they were soldiers that always accomplish their mission. The idiom “empty-handed” means “without success.” Alternate translation: Each of their arrows are like skilled soldiers that always hit their target” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3281	50:10	n671	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3282	50:10	wnf6		“They will plunder Chaldea”
3283	50:11	a17k		Yahweh is speaking to the people of Babylon.
3284	50:11	qcl4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These terms mean the same thing and are used to emphasize how happy they were to conquer Israel. Alternate translation: “You people of Babylon rejoice, celebrate” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3285	50:11	gt23	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	Each instance of “You” or “you” is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
3286	50:11	sq4c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The joy of the people of Babylon is compared to a calf who runs around joyfully in a pasture. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3287	50:11	ef11		the action a calf makes when kicking the ground
3288	50:11	e4bz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The people of Babylon are compared to stallions that are making loud noises because they are excited. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3289	50:12	a827	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	The word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
3290	50:12	i83h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of her embarrassment. The words “mother” and “the one who bore you” refer either to Babylonia or to the city of Babylon. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3291	50:12	n6mv		“the most unimportant nation”
3292	50:12	crm8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These words have basically the same meaning and emphasize the complete barrenness of the land. Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor for an uninhabited place or (2) this refers to Babylon literally becoming a barren wilderness. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3293	50:13	mm1s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “devastation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3294	50:13	fl2h		shake violently due to fear
3295	50:13	tj8m		make a sound like a snake that means great disapproval
3296	50:14	z26z		Yahweh tells the other nations to attack Babylon.
3297	50:14	wrr7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon arrange yourselves against her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3298	50:14	p1p9		“Line up in military formation” or “Form battle lines”
3299	50:14	z8c6		This refers to the soldiers who use bows and arrows to fight.
3300	50:14	m55f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “shoot at the people in the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3301	50:14	a1ig		This emphasizes that they should shoot all their arrows. Alternate translation: “Shoot every one of your arrows at her”
3302	50:14	x188	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of the city” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3303	50:15	smz6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Jeremiah speaks of the people who live in the city of Babylon as if they were the city itself, and he speaks of the city as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “The people of Babylon have surrendered … they have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3304	50:15	ke5w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Jeremiah speaks of the city of Babylon as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the towers of the city … the walls of the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3305	50:15	pwd7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the nations have torn down her walls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3306	50:16	xev6		Yahweh continues to tell the other nations to attack Babylon.
3307	50:16	jvv6		These people collectively represent all the farmers and harvesters of Babylon.
3308	50:16	ifx7		A “sickle” is a farm tool that people use to harvest grain. Together with the previous phrase, Yahweh is saying that all planting and harvesting will stop in Babylon.
3309	50:16	m3vk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they strengthen the command for foreigners to flee from Babylon back to their own countries. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3310	50:16	eg2j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “sword” refers to the armies that will attack Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3311	50:17	g6hw		Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about Israel.
3312	50:17	n1nd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of Israel as if it were a sheep that was trying to escape from hungry lions. This metaphor can be stated as a simile and in active form. Alternate translation: “Israel is like a sheep that lions scattered and drove away” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3313	50:17	r7en	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This refers collectively to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3314	50:17	n5qc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This refers to the army of the king of Assyria. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3315	50:17	ux4g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The destruction of Israel by Assyria is spoken of as if Israel were a sheep that Assyria ate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3316	50:17	rfs4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This refers to the army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3317	50:17	uqu9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The destruction of Israel by Nebuchadnezzar is spoken of if it were a sheep which had its bones crushed by a lion. Alternate translation: “destroyed Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3318	50:18	g9kd		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
3319	50:18	v4k1		The word “See” means to pay special attention to what follows.
3320	50:18	wg6j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land of Babylon. Alternate translation: “the Babylonian people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3321	50:19	xb8l		Yahweh continues speaking to Jeremiah about Israel.
3322	50:19	wz33		The word “I” refers to Yahweh.
3323	50:19	gp73	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This refers collectively to all the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel to their homeland … they will be satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3324	50:19	tl27	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Israel is spoken of as if they were sheep that eat grass. Alternate translation: “they will eat food that grows in Carmel and Bashan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3325	50:20	aqy8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that future time. See how you translated this in as Jeremiah 33:15. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3326	50:20	pw89	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two lines mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that Yahweh will completely forgive the sins of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3327	50:20	vxj6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will look for iniquity in the people of Israel, but will not find any” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3328	50:20	k64e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	They will escape the destruction of Babylon. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “that I allow to escape the destruction of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3329	50:21	v5u9		Yahweh speaks to Jeremiah about the enemies of Babylon.
3330	50:21	ajt3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, arise against the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3331	50:21	bqj7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is another name for Babylon. This is a name that means “double rebellion.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3332	50:21	wh45	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is another name for the Chaldeans. This is a name that means “visitation.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3333	50:21	h6k6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This refers to having a sword come down on people to kill them. Alternate translation: “Kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3334	50:21	x5j6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “sword” represents war. Yahweh speaks of Babylon’s enemies killing them in battle as if he were placing those people under the sword’s power. Alternate translation: “Kill them in battle” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3335	50:22	aq6m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	These sounds are heard during battle and great destruction. They are spoken of in the present tense to indicate that this will certainly happen soon. Alternate translation: “The sounds of fierce battle and terrible destruction are going to happen soon in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3336	50:23	y8x3		Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon.
3337	50:23	vq6u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The army of Babylon is spoken of as if it were a hammer. The destruction of this army is spoken of as if the hammer was to be cut up and destroyed. This can be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “The mighty army of Babylon that conquered all the nations is like a hammer that will be broken into pieces and destroyed” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3338	50:23	gzv9		Babylon was a nation like the other nations, but it will become a complete ruin, totally destroyed.
3339	50:24	kl72	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The destruction of Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh had caught them in a trap like an animal. Alternate translation: “I set a trap and caught you in it as a hunter catches an animal” or “You people of Babylon, I have set a trap for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3340	50:24	hn79	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have captured you … I found you and captured you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3341	50:25	v2ka	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh’s anger that causes him to send enemies against Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh had an armory and weapons. To open an armory is a metonym for preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has prepared for war and is sending the nations to attack Babylon in his anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3342	50:25	qd2z		this is a building or room where weapons of war are stored
3343	50:26	ek5x		Yahweh speaks to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, attack her from far away”
3344	50:26	h3rp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “granaries” represent where Babylon stored its treasures. Alternate translation: “Raid the places where her treasures are stored” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3345	50:26	p24s		buildings where grain is stored
3346	50:26	kge6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Possible meanings are (1) reduce the city to piles of rubble that look like stacks of grain or (2) stack up the plunder from the city like piles of grain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3347	50:26	k8z3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom means to destroy something completely. See how you translated a similar phrase in Jeremiah 25:9. Alternate translation: “destroy her completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3348	50:26	uq7q		This is stated in a negative way to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. Alternate translation: “Kill every person in her”
3349	50:27	n3yb		Yahweh continues telling how to destroy the people of Babylon and Chaldea.
3350	50:27	wv75	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meaning of “bulls” is (1) soldiers or (2) strong young men. Killing them is spoken of as taking them to a place of slaughter. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3351	50:27	e5p8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh speaks this to the enemies of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “You enemies of Babylon, kill all her bulls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3352	50:27	k3c1		The word “her” refers to Babylon.
3353	50:27	jtx6		The word “them” and “their” refer to the people of Babylon.
3354	50:27	h2tx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The phrases “their day” and “the time” mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “the time for their punishment has come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3355	50:28	tx67		“Listen and you will hear those who are fleeing”
3356	50:28	i7g2		The words “those” and “These” refer to the survivors from Babylon who will tell others about Yahweh’s vengeance.
3357	50:28	e143	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “vengeance” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh our God has taken revenge for what they did to Zion and to his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3358	50:29	a82b		Yahweh continues telling how to destroy the people of Babylon and Chaldea.
3359	50:29	uhm2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These phrases refer to the same people and are repeated for poetic effect. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3360	50:29	riq5		The words “her” and “she” refer to Babylon.
3361	50:29	gm1z		This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “capture or kill every person”
3362	50:29	dr67	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The evil things the Babylonians did to Israel are spoken of as if Babylon measured them. Alternate translation: “Measure out punishment for her with the same amount she used to punish Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3363	50:30	yd19		“they will kill her young men”
3364	50:30	tu9n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will destroy all her fighting men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3365	50:30	du7b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what I, Yahweh, declare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3366	50:31	wr6r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh speaks this to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “See, I am against you, people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3367	50:31	t5id		This alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows.
3368	50:31	jxp6		This is Yahweh’s description of Babylon.
3369	50:31	axv1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases mean the same thing. The second phrase defines the “day” that the first phrase mentions. Alternate translation: “for the day when I will punish you has come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3370	50:31	n6p7		“your time.” This refers to the entire span of time during which the horrible judgment will come upon Babylon.
3371	50:32	rvn2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “stumble and fall” are idioms that refer to defeat and death. Alternate translation: “I will cause enemies to defeat and kill the proud ones” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3372	50:32	vwn6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Fire burning the cities of Babylon is spoken of as if the fire were an animal that ate them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3373	50:32	sgv3		Here “him” refers to the “proud one” which describes Babylon.
3374	50:33	avf9		Yahweh now speaks through Jeremiah about Israel and Judah.
3375	50:33	xl6p		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
3376	50:33	gnz4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Babylonians are oppressing the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3377	50:33	k2wh		The word “them” refers to the people of Israel and Judah who were captured and taken into exile.
3378	50:34	id2p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a lawyer who represents the people of Israel in court. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3379	50:34	bc96	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “the land” is a metonym for the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “in order that the people who live in Israel might live in peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3380	50:34	d2c4		These two terms represent opposite ideas and bring a strong contrast to how Yahweh will treat Israel and Babylon.
3381	50:34	m3i6		“give peace”
3382	50:35	ayk2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to … and to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3383	50:35	ai3w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3384	50:36	u7pl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3385	50:36	v1iv		“Their actions are foolish, and everyone will see that they are fools”
3386	50:36	fve6		“they will be terrified”
3387	50:37	d4gj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “sword” represents war. Alternate translation: “War will soon happen to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3388	50:37	ts2p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The weakness of the Babylonian soldiers is spoken of as if they were women. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “they will all become as weak as women” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3389	50:37	j5zb		A storeroom is a place where supplies or valuables are kept.
3390	50:37	fkg9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemy soldiers will plunder them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3391	50:38	kbz3		“A drought will soon happen that will affect all her waters”
3392	50:38	tww1		Here “waters” represent all the sources of water for the Babylonians, especially the river that went through the city.
3393	50:39	tq6w		Possible meanings are (1) “wild animals and hyenas” or (2) “wild demons and evil spirits.”
3394	50:39	i9i9		A jackal is a wild dog found in Asia and Africa.
3395	50:39	qe4b		very large African birds that run fast but cannot fly. Some versions translate this as “owl.”
3396	50:39	e1qh		The word “her” refers to Babylon.
3397	50:39	d5ib	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Babylon will be completely uninhabited. Alternate translation: “People will never live there again; it will be uninhabited forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3398	50:39	y9d5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will live in her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3399	50:40	r3e2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Babylon will be completely uninhabited. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “no one will ever live there again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3400	50:41	us4n		These verses are almost identical to Jeremiah 6:22 and Jeremiah 6:23. See how you translated those verses.
3401	50:41	p4d1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “See, people of Babylon, a people is coming” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3402	50:41	n3n8		“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: a people”
3403	50:41	m77s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	This phrase refers to the time when the Medes and Persians conquered Babylon in 539 BC. Here “nation” represents their armies. Alternate translation: “the armies of a great nation and many kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3404	50:41	qf6b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Being “stirred up” represents being urged to take action. Alternate translation: “are preparing to come from the most distant places on earth” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3405	50:42	fw6p		“The soldiers will carry bows and spears”
3406	50:42	d5r3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The loud noise that the soldiers make is compared to the loud noise of the sea. Alternate translation: “The sound that they make is very loud, like the sound of the sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3407	50:42	y1tc		The phrase “set out in order” means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase “as men for battle” indicates that they are ready to fight. Alternate translation: “they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight”
3408	50:42	yn6t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This phrase refers to the Babylonian people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3409	50:43	r3fu		This verse is almost identical to Jeremiah 6:24. See how you translated that verse.
3410	50:43	y1du		“his hands were weak because he was anxious”
3411	50:43	um5z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Feeling great anguish is spoken of as if anguish grabs the king of Babylon. Alternate translation: “He felt terrible anguish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3412	50:43	uui8		suffering and grief that would bring a person to tears
3413	50:43	j129	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The anguish that they feel because the enemy coming to attack them is compared to the anguish that a woman feels when she is about to give birth to a baby. Alternate translation: “like a woman who is about to give birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3414	50:44	mn9k		This verse is almost identical to Jeremiah 49:19. See how you translated that verse.
3415	50:44	g65t		The word “Behold” here tells the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention!”
3416	50:44	u7tz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “When I punish the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of mountains and attacks sheep in the pasture” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3417	50:44	bst6		This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass.
3418	50:44	uiu8		Here “them” refers to the Babylonian people; the word “it” refers to the invasion.
3419	50:44	wgy7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom I will choose” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3420	50:44	g8wy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that no one is like him. Alternate translation: “For no one is like me, no one can summon me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3421	50:44	vd1u		“who will challenge me” or “who will call me to account”
3422	50:44	ume1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Yahweh uses this question to show no one can defeat him. Here “shepherd” is a metaphor for “king” or “ruler.” Alternate translation: “No king is able to resist me.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3423	50:45	h7vf		These verses are almost identical to Jeremiah 49:20 and Jeremiah 49:21. See how you translated those verses.
3424	50:45	bl7z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the plans that Yahweh has decided for the people of Babylon and the Chaldeans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3425	50:45	e83p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This continues speaking of Yahweh punishing the people of Babylon as if he would come like a lion and attack the sheep. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will drag them away, even the smallest flock” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3426	50:45	dja3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here the youngest and weakest people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the smallest flock of sheep. Alternate translation: “even the youngest and weakest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3427	50:45	fwh2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here the land of Babylonia is spoken of as if it were pasturelands for flocks. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will turn their pasturelands into ruined places” or “He will completely destroy the people who live there” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3428	50:46	q28h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This phrase compares the fall of the once powerful nation of Babylon to the extremely loud noise of an earthquake. Alternate translation: “The fall of Babylon will sound like a mighty earthquake” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3429	50:46	sue1		pain or unhappiness
3430	50:46	y112		“their shout of pain”
3431	51:intro	e537		Jeremiah 51 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 51:1-64. The prophesied destruction of Babylon continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Special concepts in this chapter Babylon destroyed Babylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) Covenant with Abraham Babylon is destroyed because it drove the people of Judah from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham’s descendants. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
3432	51:1	bz33	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	Jeremiah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3433	51:1	mgs4		This draws attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” or “Pay attention”
3434	51:1	az5v		Possible meanings are (1) “a wind that destroys” or (2) “the spirit of a destroyer.” This would mean that Yahweh would cause or inspire the enemy army to go and attack Babylon.
3435	51:1	br1w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is code name for Chaldea, a region of Babylonia. It is not clear why Jeremiah uses this name here, so you may want to translate as “Chaldea” or “Babylonia.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3436	51:2	bdq6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The word “her,” a metaphor that refers to Babylon as if it were a woman, is also a metonym for the people who live in Babylon. Alternate translation: “separate the people who live there from each other, send them in different directions, and make their land empty … foreigners will attack the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3437	51:2	w4jj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “day of” is a Hebrew idiom for “when.” Alternate translation: “when I destroy Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3438	51:3	yl8g		Yahweh wants the attack to be so sudden that the archers have no time to prepare for battle.
3439	51:4	u6a8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the attackers kill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3440	51:5	u9ey	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The words “Israel” and “Judah” are metonyms for the people of Israel and Judah. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts, the God of the people of Israel and Judah, has not forsaken them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3441	51:5	t4nl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The land in which they live is spoken of as if it were a container and their offenses as if they were solid objects that could fill the container. The abstract noun “offenses” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “they have offended the Holy One of Israel everywhere throughout the land” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3442	51:6	ht2y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. The word “iniquity” is a metonym for God punishing the people for their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when Yahweh punishes Babylon” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3443	51:6	dia4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman, and the iniquity of the people is spoken of as if Yahweh needed to pay back a debt. The word “her,” meaning Babylon, is a metonym for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “will punish the Babylonians as much as they deserve” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3444	51:7	tj8i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The word “world” is a metonym for the people living in the nations surrounding Babylon. Possible meanings are (1) Making those people drunk could be a metaphor for Yahweh punishing those nations by allowing Babylon to conquer them. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a strong nation that Yahweh used to punish all the people of the surrounding nations severely” or (2) It could be a metaphor for those nations joining Babylon in worshiping idols and being violent. Alternate translation: “Babylon was a rich and powerful nation, and other nations wanted to become sinful just like it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3445	51:7	bqq8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Babylon being a powerful nation that Yahweh used for his own purposes is spoken of as if Babylon were a golden cup in his hand. Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3446	51:7	ye28	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are (1) “Babylon defeated and destroyed other nations” or (2) “nations enjoyed her riches and power and became evil.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3447	51:7	s9ql		unable to think clearly
3448	51:8	zm1s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will destroy Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3449	51:8	rer2		to make a long, loud cry that shows that the person is sad
3450	51:8	l2ej	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “perhaps Yahweh can heal her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3451	51:9	v18i		Yahweh used Babylon to punish Judah and the nation. It is either the people of Judah or the people of the nations who are speaking the words in this quotation.
3452	51:9	cl11	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The name of the city is a metonym for the people who live there, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … they are not healed … leave them … their guilt” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3453	51:9	xi9j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “we have not been able to heal her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3454	51:9	r4vl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Guilt is spoken of as if it were an object that could be made into a pile. The words “to the heavens” and “to the clouds” are an exaggeration for something that is very high. Alternate translation: “For Babylon is so very guilty” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
3455	51:10	sgl7		Yahweh had punished the Israelites for their sins, but now has let them return to him.
3456	51:11	np2a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Jeremiah is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon and their enemies, who cannot hear him, telling them that Yahweh will destroy Babylon before the Babylonians can prepare to defend themselves. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
3457	51:12	jt7x		“Give a signal to attack Babylon’s walls”
3458	51:12	udw5		“make sure the guards are strong and have good weapons”
3459	51:12	usv8		“make sure there are enough men watching the city”
3460	51:12	rs5j		This was done in order to catch anyone running from the city.
3461	51:13	n6b4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Jeremiah continues to speak to the people of Jerusalem as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon, who cannot hear him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
3462	51:13	s2hm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The people’s lives are spoken of as if they were threads that God could cut. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your lives will be ended quickly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3463	51:14	tqq8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The large number of enemy soldiers is spoken of as if they were a mass of locusts invading the city. Alternate translation: “with a large number of soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3464	51:14	mxl6		This is a shout that a soldier makes in battle.
3465	51:16	hr5x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	These phrases compare the voice of Yahweh to the loud sound made by thunder and rain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3466	51:16	f1vn		A storehouse is a building where people keep things they might want to use in the future.
3467	51:17	w7tq		Translate many of the words in this verse as in Jeremiah 10:14.
3468	51:17	r1wa		“is lacking knowledge” or “does not know”
3469	51:17	vgb8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Every metalworker’s idols put him to shame” or “As for every metalworker, his idols shame him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3470	51:18	qxg3		Translate many of the words in this verse as in Jeremiah 10:15.
3471	51:18	ux1i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	This speaks of the final destruction of the idols. Alternate translation: “there will be a time when God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3472	51:19	rd4k		Translate many of the words in this verse as in Jeremiah 10:16.
3473	51:19	mei8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Jacob” represents the people of Israel. God being their “portion” is an idiom that means that they worship him. Alternate translation: “the portion of Israel” or “whom the people of Israel worship” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3474	51:19	dwl8		“the creator of all things” or “the one who created all things”
3475	51:19	st72	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of Israel belonging to Yahweh as if it were something that Yahweh gained through inheritance. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Israel belongs to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3476	51:20	f9ni		“You, the Babylonian army, are”
3477	51:20	ap1j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. Alternate translation: “With you I will punish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3478	51:20	k6w9		“I will use you to”
3479	51:22	b82y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of punishing people as if he were smashing them with a hammer. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 51:20. Alternate translation: “With you I will punish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3480	51:22	n6g5		“I will use you to.” See how you translated this in Jeremiah 51:20.
3481	51:24	rf4t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “sight” can be expressed with the verb “see.” Alternate translation: “you will see it when I pay” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3482	51:24	r6wa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3483	51:25	n2fb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Yahweh speaks to the people of Jerusalem, who could hear him, as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon, who could not hear him. He speaks to the city of Babylon as if he were speaking to the people of Babylon itself. He speaks of the city as if it were a mountain. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3484	51:25	gfh7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “hand” is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises. See how “I will attack the inhabitants of the land with my hand” is translated in Jeremiah 6:12. Alternate translation: “I will use my strength to attack you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3485	51:25	pu56	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh stops speaking of Babylon as a mountain and speaks of it as a building that he is breaking down and throwing away. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3486	51:25	f3es		A cliff is the steep side of a mountain or hill.
3487	51:25	tb96	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh speaks of Babylon as no longer being the great “mountain of destruction” but now a mountain that he has destroyed. Alternate translation: “I will … make you a pile of useless rocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3488	51:25	b8fv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3489	51:26	pw6e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “devastation” can be translated as a verb “devastate.” Alternate translation: “I will devastate you and no one will ever rebuild you” or “I will turn you into an empty place where no one will ever live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3490	51:27	rw7n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Lifting a banner and blowing a trumpet are both ways of calling people to attack. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3491	51:27	hw53		“battle flag.” This is large flag for the soldiers to follow in battle.
3492	51:27	wq6v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon, and it is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “attack the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3493	51:27	hkx4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of nations or people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3494	51:27	w3wj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Yahweh compares a great number of horses to a swarm of locusts. Alternate translation: “bring many horses with soldiers quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3495	51:28	hs9h		See how you translated these words in Jeremiah 51:23.
3496	51:29	s84v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The land is a metonym for the people who live on the land. Shaking and being in anguish are metonyms for being very afraid. Alternate translation: “the people who live in Babylon will shake with fear and be in anguish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3497	51:29	nf9p		suffering and grief that would bring a person to tears
3498	51:29	vd9r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The city of Babylon is a metonym for the people of Babylon. Alternate translation: “against the people of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3499	51:29	d6kr		“no one lives”
3500	51:30	a6hx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	Yahweh speaks of what will happen as if it had already happened. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
3501	51:30	l7ic	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the homes in the city are on fire, the bars of the city gates are broken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3502	51:31	wh3s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemies have overcome the whole city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3503	51:32	j8z8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the enemies have taken control of all the fords over the river” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3504	51:32	u4eq		shallow parts of a river where people can walk across
3505	51:32	a1kx		places with shallow water and grasses growing in deep mud
3506	51:32	gpu4		unable to think clearly
3507	51:33	yz8h		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
3508	51:33	mic2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	“Daughter of Babylon” here is another name for the people who live in Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3509	51:33	w9he	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	People thresh grain by trampling it on a threshing floor, and Yahweh speaks of people punishing the daughter of Babylon as if they were threshing grain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3510	51:33	h2d9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh punishing the daughter of Babylon is spoken of as if he were trampling and threshing grain on a threshing floor. Alternate translation: “It is time to punish her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3511	51:33	i4ix	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The harvest is a metaphor for the result of the actions that the people did before. Babylon will experience the result of its people’s sins. Alternate translation: “God will punish her for her sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3512	51:34	e1t5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The speaker speaks as if he were a woman. The woman is a metaphor for the city of Jerusalem, which in turn is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3513	51:34	re9d		Possible meanings are (1) “he has caused me to be unable to think clearly” or (2) “he has crushed me.”
3514	51:34	v2wg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Babylon has taken everything from Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3515	51:34	v4f3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Here Babylon is compared to a monster. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3516	51:34	k3yc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jerusalem compares its destruction to being swallowed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3517	51:34	g9pi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This continues to speak of Babylon as if it were a monster. This states in another way the previous idea that Babylon has taken everything from Israel. Here “foods” represents all the good things that were there before. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3518	51:34	uc2v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Nebuchadnezzar took what he wanted and spit out what he did not want. Alternate translation: “he has vomited me up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3519	51:35	v7aa		“She who lives in Zion”
3520	51:35	x9kf		All of these phrases refer to a woman.
3521	51:35	pj1v		“people who live in Chaldea”
3522	51:36	s6hs		This begins Yahweh’s reply to Jerusalem’s request in verses 34 and 35.
3523	51:36	duw6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh defending his people is spoken of as if he were a lawyer pleading their case in court. Alternate translation: “I will be like your lawyer to defend you and I will bring about vengeance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3524	51:37	srq7		buildings that have become piles of rock
3525	51:37	fd8l		home for wild dogs
3526	51:37	qax1		something that terrifies everyone who looks at it
3527	51:37	k6wl		a sound people make to show that they dislike something very much
3528	51:37	a91l		“no one lives”
3529	51:38	ht1r		loud sound made by a lion
3530	51:38	e66g		a sound animals make to frighten other animals
3531	51:39	t613		As a soldier is happy when he defeats a strong enemy. Another possible meaning is “are very drunk” .
3532	51:40	y454	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Lambs and goats do not know before it happens that people are going to slaughter them, and the Babylonians will not know before it happens that Yahweh is going to destroy them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3533	51:41	mjn3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The word “how” here shows that something that people thought was impossible has happened. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “We never thought that enemies could capture Babylon, but they have captured her … We never thought that Babylon could become a ruined place, but it has become a ruined place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3534	51:41	epv5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “praise” is a metonym for the thing that people praised, and the word “earth” is a metonym for the people living on the earth. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “enemies have seized Babylon, the nation that everyone on earth praised” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3535	51:42	jlw8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Babylon’s enemies have overcome her. “Waves” represent many people groups overcoming Babylon. The words “sea” and “water” often represent the nations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3536	51:42	xv1n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Its roaring waves have covered her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3537	51:43	i1ik		“Babylon’s cities”
3538	51:44	ua7k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Bel was the main god of the Babylonians and represents the whole country and the people that worshiped it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3539	51:44	x7hy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Yahweh compares all the sacrifices and offerings to Bel to things he ate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3540	51:44	b1d8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The many nations that come to Babylon to sacrifice to Bel is spoken of as a river that moves along. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations will no longer come in large groups” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3541	51:46	e7mp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when you hear the news that is in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3542	51:46	y5k9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The ruler is a metonym for the nations under his control. Alternate translation: “Nations will fight against other nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3543	51:47	hlg9		“look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
3544	51:47	hh7n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in Jeremiah 7:32. Alternate translation: “in the future … I will punish” or “there will be a time … when I will punish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3545	51:47	x6k7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Removing the idols of Babylon is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. Alternate translation: “I will remove the carved idols of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3546	51:47	m3al	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … their land … their slaughtered ones … their midst” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3547	51:48	r764	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “over the Babylonians … come for them … the Babylonians have made … their land” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3548	51:48	a7da	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Heaven and earth are viewed as if they were people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3549	51:48	ry4n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3550	51:49	y6sf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “the people of Babylon … their land … their slaughtered ones … their midst … over the Babylonians … come for them … the Babylonians have made … their land” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3551	51:49	mh52		“those whom the Babylonians’ enemies have killed in the land”
3552	51:50	rnu2		Jeremiah speaks to the Israelite people in verse 50.
3553	51:50	v78z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The sword is a metonym for war, in which soldiers use swords. Alternate translation: “You who have survived the war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3554	51:50	esb3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrases “Call … to mind” and “come to mind” are idioms that mean to think about or remember. Alternate translation: “Though you are far away, think about Yahweh; think about Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3555	51:51	l188		words that one person uses to offend another
3556	51:51	u8ak	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The speakers’ reaction to people expressing disapproval of them is spoken of as if it were a cover placed over the speakers’ faces. Alternate translation: “our faces show that we are hurt because others disapprove of us” or “we cover our faces in shame because others disapprove of us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3557	51:52	gq6f		“look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
3558	51:52	t1lg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Future time is spoken of as if the “days are coming.” See how you translated this metaphor in Jeremiah 7:32. Alternate translation: “in the future … I will punish” or “there will be a time … when I will punish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3559	51:52	ipn3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 1:8. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3560	51:52	h25y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Removing or destroying idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would punish the idols. Alternate translation: “I will destroy her carved idols” or “I will remove her carved idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3561	51:52	c2dr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their carved idols … their land … the Babylonians … their highest fortresses … to them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3562	51:52	z6xh		to cry out because of pain or sadness
3563	51:53	i44x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their highest fortresses … to them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3564	51:53	t773	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	This is a hypothetical situation that Yahweh does not expect to happen. Alternate translation: “Babylon will not go up … or fortify … destroyers will surely come from me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
3565	51:54	j9es	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The same thought is expressed in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3566	51:55	i691	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “destroying the people of Babylon … their loud voices” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3567	51:55	rb5t		“The enemies of the people of Babylon … the noise of the enemies”
3568	51:55	hs3i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The waves of the ocean and of flooding rivers make a loud sound, and the enemies will make a very loud sound as they come. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3569	51:56	bdd2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “against the people of Babylon—yes, against Babylon!—and their warriors” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3570	51:56	sx3e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This phrase can be changed to have an active verb. Alternate translation: “her enemies have captured her warriors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3571	51:57	n6e9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The people of Babylon are spoken of as if they were the city itself, and the city is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their princes, their sages, their officials, and their soldiers … their high gates … their aid … for them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3572	51:57	gc1t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	They will be dead. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 51:39. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3573	51:58	qv76		Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in Jeremiah 6:6.
3574	51:58	nvh5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The invaders willl completely demolish the thick walls of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3575	51:58	v2lw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The city of Babylon is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “their high gates … their aid … for them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3576	51:58	ci1a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will burn her high gates” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3577	51:58	pt5b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will burn up everything that the nations try to do for her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3578	51:59	x35d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3579	51:59	r4gy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	“after he had been king for three years.” This “fourth” is the ordinal number for four. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3580	51:60	f3pz		This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that he had written about Babylon”
3581	51:62	ctw9		If your language has a word for animals that normally live with people, you might want to use it here, because Jeremiah 51:37 states that Babylon will be inhabited by wild animals.
3582	51:64	rl23	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The stone and scroll will disappear in the water, the water will destroy the scroll, and Babylon will no longer look like a city or have buildings for people to live in. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3583	51:64	eg18		“will never again be a city”
3584	51:64	xm91		This means the Babylonians will fall because they are exhausted. Many translations do not include these words.
3585	52:intro	izf6		Jeremiah 52 General Notes Structure and formatting The chapter returns to a previous sequence of events and records Babylon’s conquering of Judah. It also records the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
3586	52:1	f3ew		Because of the words “Jeremiah’s words end here” in Jeremiah 51:64 and because the words here appear in other books of the Bible, many scholars believe that this chapter was written by someone other than Jeremiah and attached to the scroll that Jeremiah and Baruch wrote.
3587	52:1	pmi6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3588	52:1	w8zc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3589	52:1	st4j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This refers to another man named Jeremiah, not the prophet Jeremiah who wrote this book. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3590	52:2	f21w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3591	52:4	b8cu		This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story.
3592	52:4	zq3a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	after Zedekiah had been king for eight years, in the tenth calendar month, on the tenth day of the month (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3593	52:4	utp3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	“in year nine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3594	52:4	nk5w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the beginning of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3595	52:4	s7id		“Nebuchadnezzar’s army camped opposite Jerusalem”
3596	52:5	g791	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	until Zedekiah had been king for more than ten years (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3597	52:5	e3tj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	“year eleven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3598	52:5	ws36	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “So they besieged the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3599	52:6	q88p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	This is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. The ninth day is near the beginning of July on Western calendars. Zedekiah had been king for ten years, three months, and eight days. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3600	52:6	b8bl		This refers to Jerusalem.
3601	52:7	ns94	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians broke through the wall around the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3602	52:7	e7li		the wall of the king’s garden and the wall of the city
3603	52:8	w5xq		flat land
3604	52:8	z99u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “the Chaldeans scattered his entire army” or (2) “all of his soldiers ran away in different directions.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3605	52:9	e3yw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Riblah was a town in the territory of Hamath. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3606	52:9	y478		“decided how to punish him”
3607	52:10	rf5w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah’s sons. Alternate translation: “forced Zedekiah to watch as the king of Babylon slaughtered Zedekiah’s sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3608	52:11	xk3k		“the king’s men made Zedekiah blind.” Use the common words for making a person blind. It is not clear that the king of Babylon took Zedekiah’s eyes out of his head. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon make Zedekiah blind.
3609	52:11	wdy8		the day of Zedekiah’s death
3610	52:12	e83x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	Nebuchadnezzar had been king for eighteen years, four months, and nine days. This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the dry season. The tenth day is near the beginning of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3611	52:12	pz2r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	“during year nineteen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3612	52:12	vd9v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3613	52:12	jsf1		people whose job is to protect someone
3614	52:15	g3nt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3615	52:16	knn1		“the poorest people who lived on the land”
3616	52:17	zsh6		This is a basin of water used in the worship of Yahweh.
3617	52:21	spa2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	A cubit was about 46 centimeters long. Alternate translation: “18 cubits … 12 cubits” or “about 8.3 meters … about 5.5 meters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
3618	52:21	b7ll		The pillars had empty space inside them.
3619	52:22	l1cn		This is the top part of each pillar.
3620	52:22	f2ql	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	A cubit was about 46 centimeters long. Alternate translation: “5 cubits” or “about 2.3 meters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
3621	52:24	l5rv		See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 36:26.
3622	52:24	z616		people who guard the gate of a city
3623	52:25	vtf3		“forcing men to fight in the army”
3624	52:26	ek3a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 39:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3625	52:26	lq37	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3626	52:28	l6dd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3627	52:28	ty77	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“three thousand and twenty-three” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3628	52:29	ag2g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3629	52:29	st9h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“teight hundred and thirty-two” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3630	52:30	kwp2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3631	52:30	v4cr		See how you translated this man’s name in Jeremiah 39:9.
3632	52:30	yu52	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“seven hundred and forty-five … four thousand six hundred” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3633	52:31	n2d6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	after Jehoiachin had been an exile for more than 36 years (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3634	52:31	rb62	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	This is the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fifth day is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3635	52:31	d6ug		This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story.
3636	52:31	qhv9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	He became the king of Babylon after Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3637	52:32	g37e		“Awel-Marduk spoke kindly to Jehoiachin”
3638	52:32	bq2c		“a seat at the table that was closer to where Awel-Marduk sat”
3639	52:33	fvq2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The reader should understand that removing his prison clothes represents making him a free man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

773 KiB Raw Permalink Blame History Unescape Escape

Introduction to Jeremiah

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of the Book of Jeremiah

What is the Book of Jeremiah about?

How should the title of this book be translated?

Who wrote the Book of Jeremiah?

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

What is the new covenant that is presented in the Book of Jeremiah?

What relationship do Jeremiah’s prophecies have to the other nations besides Israel?

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

Are the events in the Book of Jeremiah told in the order that they actually happened?

Why does the Book of Jeremiah refer to this prophet as “he” or “him”?

Jeremiah 01 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Jeremiah appointed as prophet

Northern kingdom

Opposition

Jeremiah 02 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

The people refuse to learn

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metaphor

Jeremiah 03 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Judah told to repent

Adultery

Jeremiah 04 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh’s punishment

Jeremiah 05 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Hyperbole

Rhetorical questions

Jeremiah 06 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Gods and battle

Jeremiah 07 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Justice in society

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

“Do not pray for this people”

Jeremiah 08 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Hyperbole

Jeremiah 09 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Funeral

Circumcision

Jeremiah 10 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh’s power

Jeremiah 11 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

The covenant

Jeremiah 12 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Jeremiah complains that evil men prosper

Yahweh’s grace to the other nations

Jeremiah 13 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Symbolism

Jeremiah 14 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

False prophets

Jeremiah 15 General Notes

Structure and formatting

773 KiB

Raw Permalink Blame History