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1439 lines
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Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
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front:intro bs9v 0 # Introduction to 2 Samuel\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of 2 Samuel\n\n1. The first years of David’s reign (1:1–7:29)\n- Saul is killed; David is kind to Ishbosheth (1:1–4:12)\n- David defeats the Philistines (5:1–25)\n- Victories, the ark, the house of God (6:1–7:29)\n1. David extends his rule to all the Promised Land (8:1–10:19)\n1. David’s sin with Bathsheba (11:1–12:31)\n1. Amnon and Tamar; Absalom kills Amnon (13:1–14:33)\n1. The later years of David’s reign (15:1–24:25)\n- Absalom rebels and is killed (15:1–18:33)\n- David’s kingdom restored (19:1–20:26)\n- Famine and warfare (21:1–14)\n- David’s song of praise (22:1–23:7)\n- David’s mighty men (23:8–39)\n- Yahweh judges David’s sin of numbering the people; the plague stopped (24:1–25)\n\n### What is the Book of 2 Samuel about?\n\nThis book is about David ruling as king over Israel. He first ruled over the tribe of Judah for seven years. Then the other eleven tribes agreed to have him become their king. He ruled over all Israel for thirty-three years.\n\nThroughout this time, David led his army to fight foreign enemies who attacked Israel. However, he struggled the most against someone in his own family. Absalom, his son, rebelled and fought against him ([2 Samuel 13-19](../13/01.md)).\n\nThe Book of 2 Samuel also tells about when David sinned greatly. He slept with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. When she became pregnant, David arranged for Uriah to be killed in battle. David and all Israel suffered much because of David’s sin. However, the writer also tells of Yahweh repeatedly showing David grace and love after David repented of his sin.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nTranslators can use the traditional title “2 Samuel,” or “Second Samuel.” Or translators may consider a clearer title such as “The Second Book about Samuel, Saul, and David.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### What was the purpose of the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nThe Book of 2 Samuel begins where 1 Samuel ended. The writer continues to show how the tribes of Israel unite under the first kings of Israel. The Book of 2 Samuel centers around David as the king Yahweh chose to lead Israel.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nIt is uncertain who wrote 2 Samuel. It may have been someone alive soon after King Solomon died. When Solomon died, the kingdom of Israel split into two kingdoms. The author probably lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. A descendant of David continued to rule over the southern kingdom. The author may have written 2 Samuel to defend David’s right to be king. This would prove that David’s descendant was the rightful king of God’s people.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What covenant had its beginning in the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nIn 2 Samuel 7, Yahweh made a covenant with David. God promised to make a descendant of David rule forever over Israel. Christians believe that Jesus Christ fulfills this covenant. Jesus was a descendant of David. Jesus is the true “anointed one,” the person God chose to be king forever. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Why does the book refer to someone being addressed indirectly?\n\nDavid frequently refers to himself as “your servant” when he speaks to King Saul. He also calls Saul “my master.” Indirectly addressing a person in this way can be difficult to translate. It is intended to show that the speaker submits to the one being addressed. English sometimes uses the address “sir” or “ma’am” in this way.\n\n### Can I translate this book before 1 Samuel?\n\nThe Book of 1 Samuel should be translated before 2 Samuel, since 2 Samuel continues from where 1 Samuel ends.\n\n### How is the name “Israel” used in the Bible?\n\nThe name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed his name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])\n\n2 Samuel speaks of both the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel as “Israel.” However, these references appear in the narrative long before the two kingdoms split apart. It seems clear that the references to Israel and Judah indicate that the author wrote 2 Samuel at a time after the kingdoms split. (See: [2 Samuel 2:10](../02/10.md); [2 Samuel 3:10](../03/10.md); [2 Samuel 5:5](../05/05.md); [2 Samuel 11:11](../11/11.md); [2 Samuel 12:8](../12/08.md); [2 Samuel 19:42-43](../19/42.md); [2 Samuel 21:2](../21/02.md); [2 Samuel 24:1](../24/01.md)).
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1:intro la44 0 # 2 Samuel 01 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 1:19-27.\n\nThis chapter continues the material from 1 Samuel.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David’s funeral song\nDavid praised Saul and Jonathan as great warriors and Jonathan as his dearest friend.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Synecdoche\nDavid used two figures of speech to express that Jonathan and Saul were great warriors: “the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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1:1 q125 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a city in the southern part of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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1:2 vci9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal 0 “After three days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
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1:2 v6vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 In this culture, tearing one’s own clothes and putting dirt on one’s head was an act of mourning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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1:2 js3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 This was an act of showing submission to David, who was now the king of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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1:4 j45j 0 Possible meanings are (1) “Many were wounded and many were killed” or (2) “Many were wounded and killed.”
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1:6 uks7 0 This statement emphasizes that the man did not plan to meet Saul.
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1:6 g386 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 Possible meanings are (1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or (2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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1:8 x88n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations 0 These direct quotations could be stated as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “He asked me who I was, and I told him that I am an Amalekite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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1:8 nvy8 0 These are the same people David just finishing attacking in [2 Samuel 1:1](../01/01.md).
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1:9 t8ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Saul’s suffering is spoken of as something terrible that has grabbed hold of him. Alternate translation: “I am suffering terribly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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1:9 he7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means he is still alive. Alternate translation: “I am still alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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1:10 fh71 0 “he would die anyway”
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1:11 lzf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 David and his men tore their clothes as a sign of mourning for the death of King Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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1:12 j5yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Both statements mean basically same thing. The word “house” is a metonym that represents the descendants of Israel. But, both “people” and “house” probably are a synecdoche representing the soldiers of Israel. Alternate translation: “for the Israelite soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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1:12 v2al 0 This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
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1:12 h78c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 Here “fallen” is a polite way of referring to being killed. Also, “sword” represents a battle. This here means “had been killed.” Alternate translation: “they had died in battle” or “enemies had killed them in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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1:13 tje8 0 The man had already stated that he is an Amalekite in [2 Samuel 1:8](../01/08.md). David apparently asks the man to confirm this because of the serious judgment that David was going to pronounce on the man.
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1:14 f3mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question is used to rebuke the man. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have feared Yahweh and not killed his anointed … hand!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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1:14 gdq9 0 This refers to Saul.
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1:14 llc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This phrase refers to doing something yourself. Alternate translation: “yourself” or “personally” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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1:15 k3ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means “killed him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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1:16 sv2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “blood” is a metonym that implies “shed blood” and is associated with death. Here “your head” is a synecdoche referring to the man and means that he is responsible. Alternate translation: “You are responsible for your own death” or “You have caused your own death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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1:16 e596 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “your own mouth” refers to the man himself. Alternate translation: “you have testified against yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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1:17 k1zm 0 David sings a song of mourning for Saul and Jonathan.
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1:18 xw5d 0 This was the title of the song.
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1:18 rz25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 This is background information added to tell the reader what happened to the song in the future. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
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1:18 h5m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 The word “Jashar” means “upright.” Alternate translation: “the Book of the Upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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1:19 bch8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Your glory” refers to Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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1:19 luf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The phrase “the mighty” refers to both Saul and Jonathan. This nominal adjective is plural, and can be stated as “the mighty ones.”(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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1:19 v53l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 The word “fallen” here means “died.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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1:20 as79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated as part of the poetry of the song. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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1:20 new3 0 Gath and Ashkelon are two of the Philistines’ major cities. The Philistines killed Saul and Jonathan.
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1:20 m8lh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated as part of the poetry of the song. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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1:20 kk6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This phrase refers to people who do not follow Yahweh, such as the Philistines. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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1:21 yma7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe 0 David speaks directly to the “Mountains of Gilboa” as if they were listening to his song. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
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1:21 k9a4 0 David curses the ground where King Saul died in the battle. This was out of reverence for Saul, who was God’s anointed king.
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1:21 nbh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The “mighty” here refers to Saul. The shield was defiled because it fell on the ground, and because the king’s blood was shed on it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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1:21 bh3a 0 Saul’s shield was made of leather. To care for the shield, it was rubbed with oil. Alternate translation: “No one will care for Saul’s shield anymore”
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1:22 i5nk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Saul and Jonathan are shown here to have been fierce and valiant warriors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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1:22 px2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Saul’s sword is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could return on its own. Rather than return empty, it was carrying the blood of Saul’s enemies that it killed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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1:23 zvc3 0 The phrase “were not separated” is used to emphasize that they were always together. Alternate translation: “even in death they were together”
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1:23 k29g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Saul and Jonathan were spoken of as if they were faster than eagles and stronger than lions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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1:24 b7wi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 “who provided you nice clothes and jewelry.” These two phrases share similar meanings that describe providing the women with expensive, attractive clothing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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1:25 lw46 0 This phrase is repeated in verse 27 to emphasize that Israel’s best warriors are dead. Alternate translation: “The mighty men have died in battle”
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1:25 s578 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 Here “mighty” is plural and may refer to only Saul and Jonathan, or to all of the soldiers of Israel. Alternate translation: “the mighty warriors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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1:25 ap6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a polite way to say “have died.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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1:25 l3rx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Jonathan has died in battle” or “The enemy has killed Jonathan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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1:25 i3z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe 0 David continues to address this part of the song to the mountains of Gilboa as he started in [2 Samuel 1:21](../01/21.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
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1:26 eg6m 0 Here “brother” is used in the sense of a very close friend.
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1:26 l4ln 0 Here “love” is used in the sense of friendship and loyalty. Jonathan’s loyalty to David was even greater than the loyalty a woman has for her husband and children.
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2:intro k322 0 # 2 Samuel 02 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the story of the civil war between Saul’s son and David.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Civil war\nThere was a civil war in Israel. David was made king of Judah and Saul’s uncle (Abner) made Saul’s son (Ishbosheth) king of the rest of Israel. When they fought each other, Abner killed Joab’s brother, but David’s army was victorious.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical question\nAbner finally stopped the battle with a rhetorical question to David’s army. “Must the sword devour forever?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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2:1 lt47 0 “After David mourned the deaths of Saul and Jonathan in battle”
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2:1 ncw1 0 At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. David used the phrase “go up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Judah. Alternate translation: “travel to one of the cities of Judah”
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2:2 x7ln 0 At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. The narrator uses the phrase “went up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Hebron. Alternate translation: “David traveled to Hebron with his two wives”
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2:4 jw8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David’s head to show that he was selected to be the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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2:4 gc4b 0 Here “house” is used in the sense of “tribe.” Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah”
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2:4 h1l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a town in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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2:6 c5wi 0 David speaks to the people of Jabesh Gilead.
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2:6 jp9r 0 They buried Saul.
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2:7 ss4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “hands” refers to the people of Jabesh Gilead. Alternate translation: “be strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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2:7 c3td rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David’s head to show that he was selected to be the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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2:8 m5pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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2:8 i3ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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2:9 e9wt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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2:10 fb37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Obeying David’s rule is spoken of as “following” him. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah obeyed David as their king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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2:10 kz8s 0 Here “house” is used to mean “tribe.”
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2:12 t3hi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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2:13 n2wn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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2:16 ni8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a polite way of saying they died. Alternate translation: “they both died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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2:16 x416 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is a name given to remind people what happened there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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2:17 gm4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It may be helpful to explicitly state that this was the large battle that followed the contest of the young men. Alternate translation: “Then the others started to fight also. It was a very fierce battle that day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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2:18 smv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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2:18 n11n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Here Asahel is compared to a gazelle, an animal that runs very fast. Alternate translation: “Asahel could run very fast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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2:18 aak9 0 This small, four-legged animal, with two long horns on its head, runs very fast.
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2:19 mmf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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2:19 j8wb 0 Here “without turning away” is stated in negative form to emphasize how closely he followed Abner’s path. Alternate translation: “followed him wherever he went”
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2:20 jd6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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2:21 we6k 0 “Stop chasing me … stop chasing Abner”
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2:21 ck9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 Abner was asking Asahel to kill and plunder another younger soldier who would not be as dangerous as Abner. He did not want to kill Asahel. Alternate translation: “fight with another soldier and take his equipment as plunder” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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2:22 mpv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question is used to warn Asahel of the danger he faced. “Strike to the ground” is a polite way of saying “to kill.” Alternate translation: “I do not wish to kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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2:22 k44v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that Abner does not want to fight and kill Asahel because it would destroy Abner’s relationship with Joab. Here “hold up my face to Joab” is an idiom that means that he would be too ashamed to look at Joab. Alternate translation: “I would be too ashamed to look at your brother, Joab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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2:23 y5pa 0 This means to “halt” or “stop chasing.”
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2:23 eb53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to the handle, which is not sharp or designed to pierce anything. It can be implied that Abner was only trying to stop Asahel from following him, and did not intend to kill him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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2:24 dk79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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2:24 ja3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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2:26 w79x 0 “Abner shouted” or “Abner yelled”
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2:26 bju9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that the battle had already continued too long. Here “sword” refers to the fighting. The killing in the battle is spoken of as if a wild animal was eating the soldiers. Alternate translation: “We do not need to keep using our swords to fight and kill each other.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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2:26 ukm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question is used to force Joab to acknowledge that continued fighting could only result in more suffering. Here “bitter” is a euphemism for the terrible suffering that would occur. Alternate translation: “You know very well that there will be a terrible result if this continues!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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2:26 e6un rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question is intended to convince Joab to stop fighting their fellow Israelites. Here “brother” is used to represent the members of the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “Stop this now so that Israelites will not have to kill each other!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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2:27 yh65 0 This is a very strong vow. Alternate translation: “With God as my witness” or “God will affirm that I mean what I say”
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2:27 gze5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 This hypothetical statement tells what might have happened if Abner had not spoken wisely to Joab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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2:28 qt3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Trumpets were used to signal orders to the armies across great distances. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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2:28 zk88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “did not continue to chase the Israelite soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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2:29 g9ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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2:30 ju9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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2:31 e92j 0 “360 men from Benjamin who followed Abner.” Abner did not die.
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2:31 qxt6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “three hundred and sixty men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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2:31 d81h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This phrase means “from the tribe of Benjamin.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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2:32 e5xq 0 “carried Asahel’s body with them”
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2:32 pzw9 0 “they arrived at Hebron by dawn the next morning”
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3:intro ka39 0 # 2 Samuel 03 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter records the first attempt to end the civil war.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 3:33-34.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nDavid never wanted to hurt Saul’s family. Isbosheth criticized Abner and Abner became angry. He decided to help David become king of all of Israel. Abner came and made a treaty with David. As he left, Joab arrived and told him he wanted to talk to him and he murdered Abner. David was very unhappy that Abner had been killed.
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3:1 sq7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Samuel gives information about the war between David and the supporters of Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
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3:1 u6f1 0 Here “house” is used to mean “supporters.”
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3:1 lag1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This metaphor means the number of people supporting David increased. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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3:1 dju3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This metaphor means the number of people supporting Saul’s family decreased. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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3:2 w7d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “David’s wives gave birth to six sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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3:2 q2r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a woman, a wife of David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:3 j96y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 These two sons were born after the “firstborn” (verse 2). This is the numerical order of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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3:3 hxl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are women’s names. They are the wives of David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:3 hy1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:4 m8yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 This is the numerical order of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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3:4 d5td rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:4 ai9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of David’s wives. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:5 nky8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 This is the numerical order of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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3:5 n4tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of one of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:5 ujk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of one of David’s wives. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:6 vrd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 This introduces a new event in the story of the struggle between David’s supporters and Saul’s family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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3:6 n8iu 0 This refers to Saul’s family and supporters who assumed control of his estate after he died.
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3:6 fu4e 0 This refers to the supporters of David.
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3:6 ahk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Abner’s increasing power over Saul’s family is spoken of as if he became physically stronger. Alternate translation: “Abner gained more power over the family and supporters of Saul” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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3:7 wnw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of women. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:7 nvs7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is a male name, a son of Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:7 y6er rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Ishbosheth asked this question to rebuke Abner who was acting like he was the king. Alternate translation: “You did not have the right to go in to father’s concubine!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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3:7 x31p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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3:8 jcd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth’s accusation. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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3:8 rjr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Abner speaks of himself as the head of a dog, which the Israelites considered to be loyal to anyone who fed them. Here “belongs to Judah” implies that Abner’s loyalty is to Judah, to which David belonged, and not to Saul’s house. Alternate translation: “Am I a traitor for Judah?” or “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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3:8 jb39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” represents the power to defeat. Alternate translation: “to be defeated by David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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3:8 lub9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. It is unclear if Abner actually slept with Rizpah, or if he was falsely accused. Possible meanings are (1) Abner was guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not be upset that I slept with this woman!” or (2) Abner was not guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not think that I have slept with this woman!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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3:9 a45s 0 This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. Abner is asking God to judge him severely if he does not keep his vow. Your language may have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if I do not”
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3:10 h7qr 0 Here “house” refers to Saul’s family and supporters who survived Saul’s death. Alternate translation: “the family and supporters of Saul”
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3:10 m8b2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This phrase refers to the authority of David as king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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3:12 y24c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants 0 Some versions add “when he was at Hebron” and others do not. You may want to add the phrase if it is present in your national version. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
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3:12 alc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The original text of this question is not clear. Possible meanings are (1) Abner had the power to give the land to David. Alternate translation: “This land is mine!” or (2) David is chosen by God to rule the land: Alternate translation: “This land rightfully belongs to you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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3:12 mm4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” represents Abner’s assistance that he is offering to David. Alternate translation: “I will assist you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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3:13 r77z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 David is stating the condition under which he will meet Abner. Here “face” refers to David himself. Alternate translation: “you cannot see me unless you bring Michal to me first” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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3:13 mks3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a daughter of Saul. She was David’s first wife. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:14 x49c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 This represents the number of men David killed so that Saul would allow him to marry Michal. These men are represented here by their “foreskins.” The “foreskin” is the fold of skin that covers the male reproductive organ. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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3:15 ch63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Paltiel was Michal’s second husband. Saul gave her to him after David fled from Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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3:15 z1ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:16 uhj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a village. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:18 js5z 0 “So now make David your king”
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3:18 iac5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” refers to David’s power to defeat the Philistines. Alternate translation: “I will empower my servant David and” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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3:18 c3te rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” refers to power over Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of the Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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3:18 d2l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” refers to power over Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of all of their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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3:19 qv92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Both of these statements refer to the descendants of Benjamin, who were one of the tribes of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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3:20 bp1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 The number of men who came with Abner. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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3:21 k2bu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This phrase means “all of the nation of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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3:21 ej77 0 They parted as friends. David was not angry with Abner.
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3:22 x15t 0 These are items taken from the enemy.
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3:22 c54e 0 Abner had already left to return home.
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3:23 e26m 0 “someone told Joab”
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3:23 d2r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is a man’s name. He is the grandfather of Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:24 nzs6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner go in peace. Alternate translation: “You should not have done this!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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3:24 ia9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner escape. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Abner was here and you let him leave!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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3:25 c3xz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Joab asks this question to convince David that Abner is plotting against David. Alternate translation: “Surely you know … everything you are doing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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3:26 v16b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 “Sirah” is the name of a place where the well was located. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:27 w3m9 0 This refers to one of the gates in the city wall at Hebron. As the UST implies, city gates were constructed as part of buildings set into the city walls. Inside the passageway were doors leading to side rooms, where guests could be received and business and judicial proceedings could be conducted. It was probably in one of these rooms that Joab murdered Abner.
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3:27 us2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “blood” is associated with the death of Asahel. Alternate translation: “the death of Asahel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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3:27 fbb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a male person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:28 esw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “blood” refers to violent death. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 3:27](../03/27.md). Alternate translation: “the death of Abner” or “the murder of Abner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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3:28 kq45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:29 h3l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This phrase means the results of the guilt will happen to Joab and his family as if something heavy had collapsed on them. Alternate translation: “always cause suffering for Joab and for all his father’s house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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3:29 vz8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “house” refers to descendants. Alternate translation: “all the descendants of Joab’s father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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3:29 l3jd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This double negative emphasizes that there will always be someone with the problems listed. Alternate translation: “May there always be” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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3:29 lvn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “sword” refers to violent death. Alternate translation: “dies violently” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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3:29 wgz1 0 “is hungry”
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3:30 x1zu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:31 g9pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 These were symbolic actions to demonstrate their grief and sadness. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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3:32 d6g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 The words “wept” and “cried loudly” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much David mourned for Abner. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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3:33 aq3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that his death was not fair. Alternate translation: “Abner should not have died in disgrace!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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3:34 b11c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two sentences express similar ideas. They can be combined into one sentence. Alternate translation: “You were in no way a criminal in prison” or “You were completely innocent of doing wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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3:34 ni42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one had tied your hands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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3:34 uia7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one had attached your feet to chains” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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3:34 im2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers to people who are unjust or wicked. Alternate translation: “wicked men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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3:35 zt2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 This deliberate exaggeration is used to show that the nation of Israel wanted to take care of David in his grief. Alternate translation: “Many people came” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
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3:35 s8g2 0 This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. David is asking God to judge him severely if he eats anything before sunset. Your language many have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if”
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3:37 ax2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:38 z5pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question is used to show how much David respected Abner. Here “fallen” is a euphemism that means “died.” It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is certainly true that a great prince has died today in Israel!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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3:38 wxn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys 0 These two phrases both refer to Abner. Alternate translation: “a great prince” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
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3:39 e6ux rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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3:39 bw2y 0 “are too much like animals” or “are too violent”
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4:intro hm82 0 # 2 Samuel 04 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nWhile the end of the civil war occurs in this chapter, David still only reigned over Judah (1-4).\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David and Ishbosheth\nDavid never sought revenge against Saul’s family. When two men snuck into Ishbosheth’s room, cut off his head and brought it to David, David had them killed for killing an innocent man. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nWhen two men brought Ishbosheth’s head to David and expected to get a reward for it, David condemned them with the rhetorical question: “should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])
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4:1 jmf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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4:1 jnb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 In this phrase “his hands” represents Ishbosheth himself. Alternate translation: “Ishbosheth became weak” or “Ishbosheth lost all strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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4:2 zhe1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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4:2 uag2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants 0 This introduces the men Baanah and Rechab into the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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4:2 d6gi rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 Here the author begins to provide background information about Beeroth for the reader. The area of Beeroth was part of the land that belonged to the tribe of Benjamin. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
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4:2 c93q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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4:3 uyh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 Here the author finishes providing background information about Beeroth for the reader. The area of Beeroth was part of the land that belonged to the tribe of Benjamin. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
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4:3 qq9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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4:4 th4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 This verse pauses the main story to provide background information about Mephibosheth, a descendent of Saul through Jonathan instead of through Ishbosheth. Mephibosheth will become an important character later in the book. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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4:4 rav8 0 This phrase means “unable to walk.”
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4:4 as76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 This was the age of Jonathan’s son at the time of his father’s death. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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4:4 d8qr 0 This refers to the news about their death.
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4:4 zj2w 0 This is a woman or girl who is hired to care for young children.
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4:4 hwu8 0 This explains how Mephibosheth was injured so he was unable to walk.
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4:4 xl1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of Jonathan’s young son, the grandson of Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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4:5 rr92 0 The story returns to the actions of Rechab and Baanah who were introduced in [2 Samuel 4:2](./02.md).
|
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4:5 f4qv 0 the middle of the day, the part of the day when it is the hottest
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||
4:6 g8pb 0 “cleaning chaff from wheat”
|
||
4:8 n1gd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This idiom means “was trying to kill you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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||
4:9 c7l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is one of the strongest oaths David could swear, as Yahweh is the witness. Alternate translation: “I swear on the life of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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4:9 qe3v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “life” refers to David himself. This means that Yahweh has kept David alive. Alternate translation: “who rescued me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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4:11 ve2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question is used to show that the men had committed an especially serious crime. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are even more guilty! It is my duty to require his blood from your hand and to remove you from the earth.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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4:11 pl52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The phrase “his blood” represents the life of Ishbosheth. Here “from your hand” represents Rechab and Baanah, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, introduced in [2 Samuel 4:5](./05.md). Alternate translation: “hold you responsible for the death of Ishbosheth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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4:12 b1ep rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 These were symbolic actions to show contempt for the men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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4:12 a16g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 This was a symbolic act to honor Ishbosheth. This could be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “they honored Ishbosheth by burying his head in the grave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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||
5:intro jv2a 0 # 2 Samuel 05 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis records the beginning of the kingdom’s expansion.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David conquers Jerusalem\nDavid brought the combined army to Jerusalem and conquered it by going in through the water shaft. He enlarged the city and strengthened the defenses, and made it his capital. Jerusalem is an important place in the plans of God.\n\n### David consulting God\nDavid always consulted God before fighting a battle. The Philistines invaded Israel trying to capture David. David asked God if he should attack the Philistines, and God said yes; so he defeated them. They invaded again and God told him to attack them from the rear and he defeated them again.
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5:1 qs6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This phrase means “a relative.” Alternate translation: “we are related to you” or “we are of the same family” - (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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5:2 h5dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 This is historical information. Saul had been their king before David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
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||
5:2 fr5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two clauses mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh had chosen David to be king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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5:2 rcd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here ruling over the people is spoken of as shepherding them. Alternate translation: “You will care for my people Israel” or “You will rule over my people Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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5:3 ep1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 To “anoint” is a symbolic act to show that they recognized that God had chosen David as king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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5:6 w24t 0 David and the army of Israel attack Jerusalem.
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||
5:6 j73y 0 This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “If you come here, even the blind and the lame will be able to turn you away”
|
||
5:6 m16b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 Here “the blind” and “the lame” are nominal adjectives. Alternate translation: “those people who cannot see and those who cannot walk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
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||
5:8 c5p9 0 David was speaking to his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David said to his soldiers, ‘Those who want to get rid of the Jebus people”
|
||
5:8 z3vc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Possible meanings are (1) this refers to people who are truly lame and blind or (2) this is a metonym that speaks about the Jebusites inside the city of Jerusalem as if they were all weak and handicapped. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
5:11 m9gy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
5:11 fv7z 0 those who work with wood
|
||
5:11 s2rm 0 those who work with stone or brick
|
||
5:13 d3s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he had more sons and daughters” or “they bore him more sons and daughters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
5:14 fcd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
5:14 lw16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that his wives bore for him” or “he had” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
5:15 t2yz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
5:16 xzm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
5:17 y7vu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Israel had anointed David as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
5:17 w75r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 Here “all” is a generalization that means the Philistine army. Alternate translation: “the Philistine army went looking for him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
5:18 f39y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
5:20 sm5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
5:20 n37i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Here David speaks of the victory that Yahweh brought as if it were a flood of water that overflowed its banks and covered the land, causing destruction. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has overwhelmed my enemies like a flood overwhelms the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
5:22 ipp2 0 They “came up” because the Philistines lived at a lower elevation than David’s stronghold.
|
||
5:22 u2gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
5:23 lzk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 “Balsam” here is a type of tree, and the “woods” describe many balsam trees growing together. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
5:24 vp29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 This is the continuation of Yahweh’s instruction to David that began in [2 Samuel 5:23](../05/23.md). Yahweh here speaks of himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
5:24 ccz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the sound of the leaves rustling as wind blows through them as if it were the sound of marching. Alternate translation: “When the wind blowing through the tops of the balsam trees sounds like men marching” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
5:25 z8t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
6:intro aen5 0 # 2 Samuel 06 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Bringing the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem\nDavid organized a procession with many musical instruments to bring the ark to Jerusalem. They put it on a cart; but when the oxen stumbled, Uzzah reached out to steady it so it would not fall. God killed him for touching the ark. David was angry at God for killing Uzzah and was afraid to bring the ark any further. Uzzah died because the ark was perfectly holy. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])\n\n### Dancing\nDavid danced for joy in front of the ark. His wife, Michal, criticized David for uncovering himself as he danced, but David did not care. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/joy]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Irony\nMichal criticized David by using irony: “How honored the king of Israel was today, who undressed himself today before the eyes of the slave girls among his servants, like one of the crude fellows who shamelessly undresses himself!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
|
||
6:1 prk3 0 This word marks a new part of the story.
|
||
6:1 dz26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This metonym represents the army of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:1 f7cl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “30,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
6:2 bci3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is implied that they are taking the ark to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “from Baalah in Judah to take to Jerusalem the ark of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
6:2 vy3h 0 Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it.
|
||
6:2 jrd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go 0 The word “bring” can be translated as “take.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
|
||
6:2 t6ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
6:2 pkw6 0 Yahweh’s name was written on the ark.
|
||
6:2 ima6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate translation: “who sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
6:2 ae72 0 to sit on a throne
|
||
6:3 y6lf 0 David and the army of the nation of Israel move the ark of the covenant.
|
||
6:3 b2eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
6:5 h1vh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This metonym represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the other Israelites with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:5 g4xk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown 0 A tambourine is a musical instrument like the head of a drum with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken or hit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||
6:5 tc14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown 0 musical instruments with many small, hard objects inside a hard shell, making rhythmic noise when shaken (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||
6:5 d3bq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown 0 two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||
6:6 ju6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
6:7 yht6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the “anger of Yahweh” is spoken of as if it were fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
6:7 b8dy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It was a sin for Uzzah to touch the ark because Yahweh had commanded that no one should touch the ark. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
6:8 e8lq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. Translator may add a footnote that says, “The name ‘Perez Uzzah’ means ‘the punishment of Uzzah.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
6:8 tqy3 0 This means to the time when this was being written, not to the present time in the twenty-first century.
|
||
6:9 yx34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David uses this question to emphasize that he is afraid to take the ark to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I am too afraid to bring the ark of Yahweh with me to Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
6:10 qjd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
6:11 a4fg 0 Here “him” refers to Obed Edom the Gittite.
|
||
6:12 kg8i 0 This word starts a new part of the story.
|
||
6:12 j7ru rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people told King David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
6:12 tg1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “house” represents a family. Alternate translation: “Obed Edom and his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:12 tke4 0 Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it. Alternate translation: “moved the ark of God” or “took the ark of God”
|
||
6:12 d195 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go 0 The word “brought” can be translated as “took.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
|
||
6:14 m97q 0 Dancing here is a form of joyfully worshiping Yahweh.
|
||
6:14 ubu5 0 a cloth made from fibers of the flax plant
|
||
6:15 td5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “house” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the other Israelites with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:16 qn6w 0 The word “Now” marks a break in the story line. Here the narrator gives information about Michal.
|
||
6:16 jz44 0 Michal was the daughter of King Saul and also David’s first wife. See how you translated this name in [2 Samuel 3:13](../03/13.md).
|
||
6:16 tjm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “heart” represents thoughts or emotions. Alternate translation: “she looked at him with disdain” or “she sneered at him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:16 b6w2 0 “to Yahweh”
|
||
6:18 k4ta rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 To bless “in the name of Yahweh of hosts” means to bless with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:19 m8cs 0 a baked sweet bread made with dried grapes
|
||
6:20 k14x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go 0 Here “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
|
||
6:20 jd22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony 0 This is an ironic statement. Michal means the opposite of what she said, and she does not believe David acted honorably. Michal speaks disrespectfully to King David about his dancing attire and behavior. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
|
||
6:20 nsq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “eyes of the slave girls” represents the slave girls. Alternate translation: “in front of the slave girls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
6:20 b7au 0 Michal is comparing David to vulgar and foolish men.
|
||
6:21 pz59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 Here “your” refers to Michal. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||
6:21 a36n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 Here “the people of Yahweh” and “Israel” mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
6:22 run9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony 0 David is being ironic and means the opposite of what he said. He does not believe what he did was actually undignified or that his actions in the future will be undignified. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
|
||
6:22 y1pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “in my own eyes” represents what a person considers or thinks about something. Alternate translation: “I will consider myself humiliated” or “I will consider myself a fool” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
6:22 ifj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But the slave girls of whom you have spoken will honor me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
6:23 cjq6 0 “was never able to bear any children”
|
||
7:intro c6fb 0 # 2 Samuel 07 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis is the finishing of a small interruption about the house of God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nDavid wanted to honor God by building him a temple. God told David that he would not build it, but his son would build it. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])\n\n### Covenant of David\nGod made a covenant with David that was not conditioned upon anything David or his descendants did. God promised that one of David’s descendants would rule Israel forever. Because Israel would not have a king in the future, this promise did not begin at this time. The descendant, who would rule forever, is Jesus. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
|
||
7:1 cu7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
|
||
7:1 r5ag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 “given him safety from all his surrounding enemies.” Here “rest” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “caused the enemy people groups to stop attacking Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
7:2 chf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Cedar is a kind of tree that is known for its strength. If you have an equivalent type of tree in your culture, you can use that name, otherwise you can reword this. Alternate translation: “I am living in a strong, permanent house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
7:2 uvh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Tents are temporary dwellings. If you do not have tents in your culture, you can word this differently. Alternate translation: “the ark of God is staying in a temporary place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
7:3 q2im rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “heart” represents the mind. Alternate translation: “do what you think you should” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:3 aw2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “with you” means God is helping and blessing David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
7:4 l5r9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Nathan. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Nathan:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
7:5 ebh5 0 This is the beginning of a quotation that contains quotations within it.
|
||
7:5 kj3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that David is not the one to build a house for Yahweh. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not build a house for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
7:5 j3s5 0 Here “house” means a temple. In 7:11 Yahweh will say that he will build a house for David. There “house” means a family. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:11.
|
||
7:7 t5dj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes 0 This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “did I ever ask any of Israel’s leaders, whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, why they had not built me a house of cedar?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||
7:7 azt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he never asked any of Israel’s leaders to build him a house. Alternate translation: “I never said anything to any of Israel’s leaders” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
7:7 vnx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Those who are leaders of the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people were sheep. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:7 kek6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 If Yahweh had asked the leaders this question, he would have been using a question to scold them for not building him a house of cedar. But, Yahweh said previously that he did not ask them this question. Alternate translation: “You should have built me a house of cedar.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
7:8 k8e3 0 Yahweh describes his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
|
||
7:8 knq9 0 This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
|
||
7:8 xsx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes 0 This has quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UST. Alternate translation: “tell my servant David that I took him … so that he would be ruler over my people Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||
7:8 fe6g 0 Yahweh is still telling the prophet Nathan what he should tell David.
|
||
7:8 dae2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 David’s job as a shepherd is referred to by the place he watched his sheep. Alternate translation: “I took you from your job as a shepherd” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:9 euh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes 0 This continues the quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UST. Alternate translation: “I have been with him wherever he went. I have cut off all his enemies from before him. Now I will make his name great, like the name of the great ones of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||
7:9 arz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “with you” means that Yahweh has helped and blessed David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
7:9 pbz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh destroying David’s enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh cut them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:9 g9f5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “name” represents a person’s reputation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:9 vtf6 0 The phrase “great ones” means famous persons.
|
||
7:10 l6jj 0 Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
|
||
7:10 k1yc 0 “I will choose a place”
|
||
7:10 etx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh causing the people to live in the land permanently and securely is spoken of as if he would plant them in the land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:10 kax4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever trouble them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
7:11 wxh3 0 “from the time”
|
||
7:11 d6c8 0 After the people of Israel entered the land of Canaan and before they had kings to rule them, God appointed leaders called “judges” to lead them in times of trouble.
|
||
7:11 gat9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 To be in authority is referred to as being over someone. Alternate translation: “to rule my people Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
7:11 cyy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes 0 If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate “you” as “him” or “his.” Alternate translation: “Now I will give him rest from all his enemies … declare to him that I will make him a house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||
7:11 a1aw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 “I will give you safety from all your enemies.” Here “rest” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “I will make all your enemies stop attacking you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
7:11 ax6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the metonym “house” refers to David’s ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In [2 Samuel 7:4](../07/04.md) Yahweh asked David if he would be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There “house” represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:12 ap2z 0 Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
|
||
7:12 bvq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. They both are polite ways to refer to death and dying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
7:12 zh5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh appointing David’s descendant is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift him up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:12 n1u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom that means the person will be David’s descendant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
7:12 wn76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “his kingdom” represents his power to rule. Alternate translation: “I will make him to be a very powerful king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:13 rz89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “name” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a permanent dwelling for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:13 nmu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “throne” represents the person’s power to rule as king. Alternate translation: “I will make his rule over Israel to last forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:14 n2sv 0 The prophecy in 7:12-14 refers to Solomon, David’s son. But, aspects of the prophecy will be fulfilled by Jesus. So, here it is best to translate the words “father” and “son” with your normal words for a biological father and son.
|
||
7:15 hg5v 0 Yahweh finishes describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
|
||
7:15 h75j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “faithfulness” is an abstract noun that can be stated as “faithfully loving.” Alternate translation: “I will never stop faithfully loving him as I stopped loving Saul” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
7:15 a6sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations 0 If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate “you” as “David” or “him” or “his” as in the UST. Alternate translation: “from before David. David’s house … before him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||
7:16 q3bd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations 0 If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate “you” as “David” or “him” or “his” as in the UST. Alternate translation: “David’s house … before him. His throne” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||
7:16 t2rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two sentences have similar meanings and emphasize that David’s dynasty will last forever. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
7:16 y1vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 Here the word “house” represents David’s descendants, who will rule as kings. Here “kingdom” means about the same thing as “house.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will live to see me establish your family and their rule over the people of Israel forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
7:16 bu2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 Here “throne” represents the power to rule as king. Alternate translation: “I will cause your descendants to rule over Israel forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
7:17 mei7 0 “all these things.” This refers to what Yahweh had said.
|
||
7:17 m93t 0 “he told him about everything Yahweh revealed to him”
|
||
7:18 nf24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh’s proclamation. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
7:19 tj8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:19 r9in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
7:19 uvu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks about time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. Alternate translation: “and what will happen to them in the future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
7:19 btd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
7:20 sd87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David uses this question to emphasize that he has nothing left to say to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “There is nothing more I can say to you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
7:21 d51g 0 “Because of what you promised to do”
|
||
7:21 wy8w 0 “to accomplish what you planned to do”
|
||
7:21 mia3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 David refers to himself as “your servant.” It can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
7:22 s9d3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “with our own ears” is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “as we ourselves have heard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
7:22 eu9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive 0 Here “we” refers to David and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
|
||
7:23 gt3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David uses a question emphasize that there is no other nation like Israel. Alternate translation: “There is no nation like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
7:23 u6gx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “to make all people know who you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:23 gpj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “for your people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:23 y68y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “nations” represents the people groups that were living in Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:24 hmw1 0 David continues to talk to Yahweh.
|
||
7:25 s7y8 0 Here “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
|
||
7:25 wp22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may you do what you promised to me and my family, and may your promise never change” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
7:25 i7rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 David is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “me and my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
7:26 yq4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:26 tv8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:26 r53a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “is secure because of you” or “continues because of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
7:27 i375 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 David refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “to me that you will build me a house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
7:27 l4yn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the metonym “house” refers to David’s ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In [2 Samuel 7:4](../07/04.md) Yahweh asked David if he would be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There “house” represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:27 fs5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “house” represents David’s family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
7:28 ie54 0 This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
|
||
7:28 pvq1 0 “I trust what you say”
|
||
7:29 n6ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will continue to bless my family forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
7:29 k3a5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “my house” or “my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
8:intro hc4j 0 # 2 Samuel 08 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter returns to the theme of the expansion of David’s kingdom.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God enabled victory\nGod enabled David to conquer all the surrounding nations. Much of the loot and tribute David received, he saved for the temple that his son would build.
|
||
8:1 drj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here David represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers attacked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
8:2 xbr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “he” refers to David who represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Then they defeated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
8:2 tcx6 0 Here the “line” is a “rope.” David had the soldiers lie down on the ground to be measured and sorted into three groups. The men in two groups were killed, and in the third, they were allowed to live.
|
||
8:3 r73a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here both “David” and “Hadadezer” represent their armies. Alternate translation: “David and his army then defeated the army of Hadadezer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
8:3 y7af rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
8:3 met2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a region in Aram. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
8:3 r3d2 0 “to regain control over a region” or “to recapture a region”
|
||
8:4 f43e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “one thousand seven hundred chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
8:4 d1te rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “20,000 footmen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
8:4 cc6y 0 This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run.
|
||
8:4 b5pr 0 “set aside enough” or “saved enough”
|
||
8:4 izr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “100 chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
8:5 u7vw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here David represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
8:5 il6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “22,000 Aramean men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
8:6 ph45 0 “ordered large groups of his soldiers to remain in Aram”
|
||
8:7 ft9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “David” is probably a metonym for his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David’s soldiers took” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
8:8 qtw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “David” is probably a metonym for his soldiers. Alternate translation: “King David’s soldiers took” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
8:8 nu2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
8:9 t4en rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
8:9 le1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
8:9 l3de rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “David” is a metonym for his army. Alternate translation: “David’s army had defeated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
8:10 yiq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
8:12 cjj3 0 “and the Amalekites”
|
||
8:12 d7vv 0 These are the valuable items that soldiers take from the people they defeated.
|
||
8:12 z5x6 0 See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 8:3](../08/03.md).
|
||
8:13 hrc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “name” refers to David’s reputation. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “David was very famous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
8:13 c9s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. Its exact location is unknown. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
8:13 th6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “18,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
8:14 gc6u 0 “He ordered groups of his soldiers to remain in areas throughout all of Edom”
|
||
8:16 r8xj 0 See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
|
||
8:16 d81q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 A recorder was a person who spoke to the people and told them the king’s announcements. Alternate translation: “Ahilud was the herald” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
8:16 nig1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
8:17 k3p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
8:18 gm1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
8:18 xxs8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of people-groups. These people were David’s bodyguards. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
9:intro lwh6 0 # 2 Samuel 09 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is another interruption to the story of David expanding his kingdom. David is concerned with fulfilling his oath to Jonathan’s descendants.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David’s vow\nDavid determined to fulfill his vow to Jonathan to care for Jonathan’s descendants. He found Jonathan’s son and told him he would treat him as if he was one of his sons. He restored all of Saul’s property to him and had him eat every day at the king’s table. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical question and metaphor\nJonathan’s son expressed his surprise and feeling of unworthiness with a rhetorical question: “What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?” and by a metaphor comparing himself to “a dead dog.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
9:1 t1g1 0 “because of my love for Jonathan”
|
||
9:1 cy22 0 Jonathan was Saul’s son and David’s best friend.
|
||
9:2 id7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
9:2 ura2 0 Ziba calls himself “your servant” to show great respect to David.
|
||
9:3 j5la 0 The abstract noun “kindness” can be stated as “kind.” Alternate translation: “I may be kind as I promised God I would be”
|
||
9:3 u7ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “whose feet are damaged.” The word “feet” here refers to the ability to walk. Alternate translation: “who is unable to walk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
9:4 ee6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
9:4 st1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
9:5 tj7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 It is understood that David sent messengers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
9:6 fp3x 0 See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
|
||
9:6 wni4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go 0 The word “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
|
||
9:6 huu6 0 Mephibosheth refers to himself as “your servant” to show great honor to David.
|
||
9:7 fe5j 0 “because I loved your father, Jonathan”
|
||
9:7 zy8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “you will always eat with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
9:8 fvp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question shows that Mephibosheth understands that he is not important enough for the king to take care of him. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am like a dead dog. I do not deserve for you to be kind to me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
9:8 j13e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Mephibosheth represents the line of Saul, and he compares himself to a “dead dog.” Dogs were feral animals, not cared for, and of little importance. A dead dog would be considered even less important. Alternate translation: “such a person like me who is worthless as a dead dog” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
9:10 cb8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “must always eat with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
9:10 ae24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 Here “now” makes a break in the main story line. The narrator gives background information about Ziba. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||
9:10 tgt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “15 sons and 20 servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
9:11 fwy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Ziba refers to himself as “your servant” and refers to David as “my master.” Alternate translation: “I, your servant will do all that you, my king, command me to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
9:12 eu17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of the son of Mephibosheth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
9:12 u3qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “house” represents Ziba’s family. Alternate translation: “All of Ziba’s family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
9:13 caj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “he always ate with the king at his table” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
9:13 du2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “thouge both of his feet were damaged.” Here “feet” represents the ability to walk. Alternate translation: “though he was unable to walk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
10:intro abca 0 # 2 Samuel 10 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe chapter records the last expansion of David’s kingdom. This chapter is also the beginning of a section dealing with the war between Israel and Ammon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Shame\nIt was apparently the cause of shame or embarrassment in ancient Ammon to have their beards shaved off or to have their garments cut off. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\nThe Ammon people used a metaphor comparing themselves to a bad smell: “they had become a stench to David” when they realized they had made David very angry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:1 g3zs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
10:2 k9r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
10:3 r4at rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The leaders use a question to suggest to the king that he should not trust David. Alternate translation: “You are wrong to think that … you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
10:3 zys4 0 to secretly learn information about someone else
|
||
10:3 gmb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The leaders use a question to suggest to the king that he should not trust David. Alternate translation: “You need to know that David … overthrow it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
10:3 d8ec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “in order to conquer us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
10:3 bm5t 0 Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
|
||
10:4 g9ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This act was meant as an insult to humiliate the men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
10:5 jt3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “deeply” is an idiom that means “very.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
10:5 v21l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 It is understood that they should return to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
10:6 v8si rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The phrase “become a stench” is a metaphor for “they had become offensive.” Alternate translation: “they had become offensive like a bad smell to David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
10:6 t6tc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
10:6 gk6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “20,000 … 1,000 … 12,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
10:8 u7sj 0 Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
|
||
10:9 p5qe 0 The battle with the Arameans and Ammon continues.
|
||
10:10 ka2a 0 “He put Abishai his brother in charge of the rest of the army”
|
||
10:11 i9k3 0 Joab gets the army ready for battle.
|
||
10:11 nlq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “me” refers to Joab. Joab and Abishai represents themselves and their armies. Alternate translation: “for us, then you, Abishai, and your army must rescue us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
10:14 q6sp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here Abishai represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “from Abishai and his soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
10:14 d64c 0 Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
|
||
10:14 v8x9 0 “returned to Jerusalem”
|
||
10:15 rg85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the Arameans realized that the Israelites were defeating them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
10:16 yd3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
10:16 sle1 0 This means the east side of the Euphrates River.
|
||
10:16 nik5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go 0 Here “came to” can be translated as “went to” or “gathered at” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
|
||
10:16 rhn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
10:17 pz1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When David heard about this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
10:17 vk7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “Israel” represents the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “assembled all the army of Israel together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
10:17 ism8 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 10:16](../10/16.md).
|
||
10:17 ln59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here David represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “against David and his soldiers and fought them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
10:18 tev3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “David” is a synecdoche for himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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||
10:18 uc7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “700 … 40,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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||
10:18 zwc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Israelites wounded Shobak the commander of the Aramean army, and he died there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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10:18 s2lg 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 10:16](../10/16.md).
|
||
10:19 s2mk 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 10:16](../10/16.md).
|
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10:19 dzd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “realized that the Israelites had defeated them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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||
11:intro abcb 0 # 2 Samuel 11 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a new section of David’s life. God punished David by allowing his family to have many problems.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David’s adultery and the murder of Uriah\nThe army of Israel defeated the army of Ammon and then they besieged Ammon’s capital while David stayed in Jerusalem. One day, David saw a beautiful woman, named Bathsheba, bathing. He committed adultery with her. When she became pregnant, David tried to cover up his sin. When this did not work, he had her husband killed in battle. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
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11:1 eqn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 “It happened in the springtime.” This introduces a new event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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11:1 jf4r 0 “at the time of year”
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11:1 a4ds rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 David sent them out to war. This can be stated clearly. Also, the word “his” refers to David. Alternate translation: “David sent Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel to war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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11:1 qac9 0 “the Ammonite army”
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11:1 myy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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11:2 wi9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 “So it happened” or “So it came to pass.” The author uses this phrase to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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11:2 qi78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The woman was not on the roof, she would have been bathing outside in the courtyard of her house. Alternate translation: “a woman who was bathing in the courtyard of her house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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11:3 yv7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here the word “sent” means that David sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “So David sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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11:3 r92k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 David was trying to find out who the woman was. The word “he” refers to David, but is a metonym for the messenger that David sent. The messenger was to ask the people for information about her. Alternate translation: “the messenger asked the people who knew her about who she was” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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11:3 ht5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question gives information and can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is Bathsheba … and she is the wife of Uriah the Hittite.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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11:4 s4dn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 David actually sent messengers, and they took her and brought her to him. Alternate translation: “they brought her to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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11:4 x8kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 She came into his palace and into his bedroom. Alternate translation: “she came into the place where he was” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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11:4 qka3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a polite way of saying that he had sexual relations with her. You may need to use a different euphemism in your language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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11:4 n2gg 0 the time when a woman bleeds from her womb
|
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11:5 e4v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here the word “sent” means that she sent a messenger to tell David that she was pregnant. Alternate translation: “she sent a messenger to David, and the messenger told David that she was pregnant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
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11:6 bds8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here the word “sent” means that David sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “Then David sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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||
11:7 vjr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 David was asking if Joab and the army were well and about the progress of the war. Alternate translation: “if Joab was well, if other soldiers were well, and how the war was progressing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
11:8 qzu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Possible meanings for the phrase “go down” are (1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or (2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “Go to your house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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11:8 f1gh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This phrase is a metonym for returning home to rest for the night after working all day. Alternate translation: “rest for the night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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11:8 s4b9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 David sent someone to bring the gift to Uriah. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the king sent someone to take a gift to Uriah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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11:9 fp1u 0 The word “his” refers to Uriah and the word “master” refers to David.
|
||
11:10 p5tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question is used to show David’s surprise that Uriah did not visit his wife. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “After coming from such a long journey, you should have gone down to your house.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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||
11:11 t1wr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 This refers to their armies. Alternate translation: “the armies of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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11:11 w65k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question is used to emphasize Uriah’s refusal to visit his wife and can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It would be wrong for me to go into my house … with my wife while the other soldiers in my army are in danger.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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11:11 k6b2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with my wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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11:11 ww5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Uriah swears a strong promise that he will not go home to his wife as long as the rest of the soldiers are at war. He makes this promise by comparing the truth of his promise to the certainty that the king was alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that I will not do this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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11:13 a9yz 0 “Uriah ate and drank with David”
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11:13 xex1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Possible meanings of the word “down” are (1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or (2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. See how you translated the similar phrase “down to your house” in [2 Samuel 11:8](../11/08.md). Alternate translation: “to his house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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11:14 c9uz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The phrase “the hand of Uriah” refers to Uriah himself. Alternate translation: “sent Uriah himself to deliver it to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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11:15 r9ph 0 “very front of the battle line where the fighting is the worst”
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11:15 z3us 0 “command the soldiers to back away from him”
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11:15 sac7 0 “he may be wounded and killed”
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11:16 di6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “siege” can be expressed with the verbs “surround” and “attack.” Alternate translation: “his army surround and attack the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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11:17 x2mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 The word “fell” is a polite way to refer to the soldiers being killed. Alternate translation: “David’s soldiers were killed” or “they killed some of David’s soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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11:17 s5r9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “including Uriah the Hittite” or “and the men of the city also killed Uriah the Hittite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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11:18 g9kw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The phrase “sent word” means that he sent a messenger to give a report. Alternate translation: “Joab sent a messenger to David to give a report” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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11:20 a8wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. These questions may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near to the city to fight. You should have known that they would shoot from the wall.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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11:20 n65u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to men of the city shooting arrows down at their enemy from the top of the city wall. Alternate translation: “shoot arrows at you from the top of the city wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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11:21 h8q7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember how Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth was killed!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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11:21 h97r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. His father is also know by the name Gideon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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11:21 uf4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember he died at Thebez when a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the top of the wall.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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11:21 zx1s 0 a heavy stone that would roll, used to crush grain for making bread
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11:21 g9p7 0 “from the top of the city wall”
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11:21 q6dz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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11:21 p6i4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near the wall!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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11:23 ax3f 0 “the city gate”
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11:24 jnl2 0 “their shooters shot arrows”
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11:24 ay8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they killed some of the king’s servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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11:24 ych3 0 Here “servants” refers to soldiers, not slaves, because soldiers were servants of the king.
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11:24 bf6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they killed your servant Uriah the Hittite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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11:25 v2pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “the sword” refers to a person who kills someone with sword. Also, killing someone with a sword is spoken of as if the sword were “eating” the people. Alternate translation: “for one man can be killed by a sword the same as another man” or “for any man can die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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11:25 mk7a 0 “Fight even stronger”
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11:26 gx4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the author speaks of her lamenting very much as if it were deep inside her. Alternate translation: “she lamented very much” or “she lamented greatly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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11:27 d34z 0 a deep feeling of sadness caused by suffering, disappointment or misfortune
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11:27 d21w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here the word “sent” means that he sent a messenger to get her and bring her to him. Alternate translation: “David sent a messenger to her to bring her home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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11:27 cq8x 0 “saddened Yahweh” or “angered Yahweh”
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12:intro abcc 0 # 2 Samuel 12 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis is the final expansion of David’s kingdom and records the end of the war with Ammon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David’s punishment\nGod sent a prophet to confront David. He said that because David had Uriah killed, there would always be killing in his family and that the baby conceived with Bathsheba would die. David prayed that the baby be allowed to live, but the infant died. Bathsheba then had another son, who was named Solomon. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
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12:3 jfa8 0 a female lamb
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12:3 wd4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This refers to the closeness of this man and his little lamb. Alternate translation: “he loved it as much as if it were one of his daughters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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12:4 vv6b 0 a young, female sheep
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12:4 c763 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It was for his visitor to eat. Alternate translation: “for his visitor to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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12:5 tm95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the author describes how David was very angry as if his body were physically hot because of his anger. Alternate translation: “David became furious with” or “David became very angry with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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12:5 v4ka 0 This means that David spoke angrily to Nathan.
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12:5 gd2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This expresses that David was swearing an oath or serious promise. Alternate translation: “I declare, as surely as Yahweh lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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12:5 r45b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means to be killed. Also, that can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to be killed” or “to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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12:6 m494 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 The amount the rich man was required to pay back to the poor man was to be four times what the little lamb cost. “He must pay the poor man four times the price of the lamb” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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12:6 l1te 0 to feel sadness and love for someone who is suffering or hurt or not loved
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12:7 x85z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “out of Saul’s control” or “from Saul’s control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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12:8 ty2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Yahweh describes David having his master’s wives as his own wives, by saying that they are “in his arms.” Alternate translation: “your master’s wives as your own” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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12:8 v7tc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Yahweh speaks of how he gave David his authority as king over Israel and Judah as if he gave him the houses of Israel and Judah as a gift. The phrase “the house of” means “the people of.” Alternate translation: “I also gave you authority as king over the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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12:8 sr3v 0 “if I had not given you enough”
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12:9 nb14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question is used to rebuke David. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised … Yahweh and should not have done what is evil in his sight!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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12:9 ctt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here “sight” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts or opinion. Alternate translation: “what he considers to be evil” or “what is evil in Yahweh’s judgement” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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12:9 iy29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle. The phrase “with the sword” represents how Uriah died in battle. Alternate translation: “You have arranged for Uriah the Hittite to die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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12:9 n595 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle when Israel was fighting against Ammon. The phrase “with the sword” refers to how he died in battle. Alternate translation: “You arranged for him to die in battle against the army of Ammon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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12:10 t13v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “sword” refers to people dying in war. Also, David’s “house” refers to his descendants. Alternate translation: “some of your descendants will always die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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12:11 zbq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here David’s “house” refers to his family. Alternate translation: “from among your own family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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12:11 d9za rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here David is referred to by his eyes to emphasize what he would see. Alternate translation: “While you are watching” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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12:11 bc2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he will have sexual relations with your wives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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12:11 br6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “in full daylight.” The idea of doing something “openly” or in a way that people are fully aware of what is happening is often spoken about as being done in the “daylight.” Alternate translation: “openly” or “and everyone will see what is happening” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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12:12 cy92 0 “sinned”
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12:12 g9jf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This phrase speaks of the people of Israel knowing about what has happened to his wives as if they all actually witnessed it happening. Alternate translation: “before all the people of Israel” or “and all the people of Israel will know about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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12:13 u54j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has forgiven David of his sin. This is spoken of here as Yahweh passing over his sin as if it were something that he walked by and disregarded. Alternate translation: “forgiven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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12:13 zze1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Sometimes men died because of their sins, but he will not die because of his sin with the woman. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “You will not die” or “you will not die because of this sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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12:14 m7z5 0 to strongly dislike or hate someone or something
|
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12:14 vm9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “born to you” means that it is David’s baby. Alternate translation: “your child who will be born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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12:15 z3d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the author speaks of Yahweh causing the baby to become sick as Yahweh attacking the child. Alternate translation: “Yahweh afflicted the child that … and he was very sick” or “Yahweh caused the baby that … to become very sick” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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12:15 eh1x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means that she gave birth to a child and that David was his father. Alternate translation: “David’s child, who Uriah’s wife gave birth to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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12:16 t71m 0 to beg or pray with strong desire
|
||
12:16 k5zu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 David went into his room when he was alone. Alternate translation: “went inside his room” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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12:17 dyf7 0 “and urged him to get up from the floor”
|
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12:18 cbe1 0 “It happened”
|
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12:18 f2jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The servants are referred to here by their voices to emphasize that they were speaking. Alternate translation: “he did not listen to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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12:18 ueh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 “day 7.” This refers to the seventh day after the baby was born. Alternate translation: “the seventh day after he was born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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12:18 j2pi 0 This is used to get people’s attention. Alternate translation: “Listen”
|
||
12:18 sz9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The servants ask this rhetorical question to express their fear. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are afraid that he may harm himself if we tell him that the boy is dead!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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12:19 s1tv 0 “were speaking very quietly to each other”
|
||
12:19 mh6l 0 “David understood”
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12:20 aa4t 0 “David got up”
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12:21 nx6q 0 These verses contain rhetorical questions that emphasize that David realizes that Yahweh has allowed this to happen.
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12:22 p2za rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David asked this rhetorical question to empathize that no one knew if Yahweh would let the child live. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me so that the child may live.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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12:23 pf4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that he no longer has a reason to fast. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now that he is dead it would be of no use to fast any longer.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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12:23 cc5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that the boy cannot come back to life. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot bring him back to life.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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12:23 qs7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 David implies that he will go to where his child is when he dies. Alternate translation: “When I die I will go to where he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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12:24 f8ut rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 Both the phrase “went in to her” and the phrase “lay with her” refer to David having sexual relations with Bathsheba and emphasize what they did. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
12:25 m6ce rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “word” refers to a message that Yahweh told Nathan to tell David. Alternate translation: “he sent Nathan to tell him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
12:25 rd3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is another name for David’s son Solomon, which Yahweh chose for him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
12:26 jf3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the author says “Joab” but he is referring to Joab and his soldiers who fought with him. Alternate translation: “Joab and his soldiers fought … they captured” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
12:26 ar6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Fighting against this city literally means to fight against the people of Rabbah. Translate the name the same as you did in [2 Samuel 11:1](../11/01.md). Alternate translation: “the people of Rabbah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
12:27 ip2q 0 “So Joab sent messengers to David to say to him”
|
||
12:27 c6au rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “Taking” a place or landmark means to take control of it. Alternate translation: “have taken control of the city’s water supply” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
12:27 n5s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “My soldiers and I have fought … my soldier and I have taken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
12:28 ue9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “if my soldiers and I take” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
12:28 ej7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means to surround and attack. Alternate translation: “besiege” or “surround” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
12:28 zt5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 “Taking” a place or landmark means to take control of it. Alternate translation: “take control of it … take control of the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
12:28 gj9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will name it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
12:29 z74s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers fought” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
12:30 n7vb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight 0 This may be written in modern weights. Alternate translation: “about 33 kilograms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
|
||
12:30 t9em 0 a rare gemstone such as a diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, or opal
|
||
12:30 nw9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They placed the crown on David’s own head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
12:30 wz14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David’s soldiers. Alternate translation: “they brought out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
12:30 g4xl 0 valuable things taken from a defeated enemy
|
||
12:30 nq3u 0 “large amounts”
|
||
12:31 a3vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 David did not bring out the people himself; he commanded his soldiers to bring them out. Alternate translation: “David commanded his soldiers to bring out the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
12:31 ya1w 0 These are tools to cut wood or break up the ground.
|
||
12:31 tl3i 0 ovens where bricks are dried and hardened
|
||
12:31 ew58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers to the people in the cities. Alternate translation: “all the people of the cites of Ammon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
13:intro abcd 0 # 2 Samuel 13 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the story about the difficulties and killings in David’s family. David’s sin caused these problems in his family. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Amnon raped Absalom’s sister\nAmnon raped Absalom’s sister, who was his own half-sister. David did nothing to punish him and David’s lack of action caused significant problems in his family and in Israel. This eventually caused Solomon to become king, even though he was not the oldest son.
|
||
13:1 e2ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 “It happened after this.” This phrase is used to introduce a new event to the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
|
||
13:1 tup1 0 Amnon and Tamar shared the same father but not the same mother.
|
||
13:1 fj5k 0 Absalom and Tamar shared the same father and mother.
|
||
13:2 fmq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Amnon was frustrated because he desired to sleep with his sister Tamar. Alternate translation: “Amnon was so frustrated with desire for his sister Tamar that he felt sick” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
13:3 rz6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. Shimeah was David’s brother. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
13:3 knc5 0 crafty or deceptive
|
||
13:4 qef9 0 in an emotional state of extreme unhappiness
|
||
13:4 s99u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 It is understood that he is asking him about his depression, which can be stated clearly. Also, this rhetorical question is a request for Jehonadab to tell him why he is depressed. It may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Will you not tell me why you are depressed?” or “Please, tell me why you are depressed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
13:5 qen4 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 13:3](../13/03.md).
|
||
13:5 xjs4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is probably a request for her to serve food to him personally. He probably did not want her to put the food in his mouth. Alternate translation: “have her serve it to me herself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
13:6 tsl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is probably a request for her to serve food to him personally. He probably did not expect her to put the food in his mouth. Alternate translation: “she may serve it to me to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
13:6 n1c2 0 This means he gave a false appearance of being ill.
|
||
13:6 a3i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The food is not for his sickness, but rather it is for him, because he is sick. The phrase “in front of me” is a request for Tamar to prepare the food in his presence. Alternate translation: “in front of me because I am sick” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
13:7 we8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This means that he sent a messenger to speak to Tamar. Alternate translation: “David sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
13:8 k69t 0 a thick mixture of flour and liquid used for baking
|
||
13:8 di8s 0 used her hands to mix the dough
|
||
13:8 l12v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means that Tamar made the bread in front of him. Alternate translation: “in front of him” or “in his presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
13:9 cwh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 To “go out from someone” means to leave them. Alternate translation: “So everyone left him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
13:10 y3b4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is a request for Tamar to serve the food to him personally. Alternate translation: “and serve it to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
13:11 c79f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “have sexual relations with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
13:12 rly8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 She is referring to having sexual relations with him. Alternate translation: “do not force me to have sexual relations with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
13:12 fd8t 0 very shameful
|
||
13:13 dwl7 0 Tamar continues to talk to Amnon.
|
||
13:13 j8jb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Tamar asks this rhetorical question to emphasize how much shame she would have if she slept with him. Tamar speaks of getting rid of her shame as if it were an enemy or a tormentor that she needed to escape from. Alternate translation: “If you do this, I would have to endure shame everywhere I go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
13:14 ras3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
13:16 zc24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The abstract noun “this great evil” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “It would be very evil to make me leave! It would be even worse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
13:17 au8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. Alternate translation: “lock the door so that she cannot come back in” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
13:18 c6te rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. Alternate translation: “locked the door so that she could not go back in” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
13:19 i3wt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 These are acts of mourning and grief in the Israelite culture. Alternate translation: “put ashes on her head and tore her robe to show that she was very sad. Then to show her grief, she put her hands on her head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
13:20 w3wp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a polite way to ask is Amnon has had sexual relations with her. Alternate translation: “Has Amnon your brother slept with you?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
13:20 ffu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means to not tell anyone about something. Alternate translation: “do not tell anyone about this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
13:20 ce3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “take something to heart” means “to worry about it.” Alternate translation: “Do not worry about what has happened” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
13:20 m1az 0 This means that she did not marry.
|
||
13:22 j3li 0 “did not speak”
|
||
13:23 q5hh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 This explains that two whole years has passed and introduces the next event in the story line. The phrase “full years” means that they are complete years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
|
||
13:23 qef5 0 These are people who cut the wool from sheep.
|
||
13:23 am6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
13:24 e8ml 0 This is a phrase used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
|
||
13:24 wmj8 0 Absalom is calling himself “your servant” to show respect.
|
||
13:24 uq3x 0 It was customary for people in Israel to have a party after they had sheared their sheep.
|
||
13:24 tav8 0 Although he is talking to his father the king, he calls him “the king” instead of “you” to show respect for him.
|
||
13:26 b7e9 0 The oldest son could often represent his father in Israelite culture. Amnon was David’s oldest son.
|
||
13:26 ep6f 0 David knew that Amnon was not Absalom’s friend.
|
||
13:27 kd8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the author speaks of Absalom urging David to let Amnon come as if he were putting physical pressure on him. Alternate translation: “Absalom begged David for Amnon to come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
13:27 w3cs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 This does not include Absalom and Amnon who is dead. It includes the rest of the sons that the king allowed to go to the celebration. Alternate translation: “the rest of the king’s sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
13:28 yfb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This implies that they do not need to be afraid of the consequences for killing Amnon. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid that you will be blamed for killing the king’s son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
13:28 ev94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Absalom asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he will be blamed for killing Amnon because he is commanding them. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you to do this.” or “I will be the one guilty for killing him because I have commanded you to do this.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
13:28 fa5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 What Absalom has commanded them to do may be stated in the question. Alternate translation: “not commanded you to kill him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
13:29 jr7q 0 This refers to the king’s sons who left the celebration.
|
||
13:30 jr55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 “It happened that.” This phrase is used here to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
|
||
13:30 x2s3 0 “travelling along the road”
|
||
13:30 hpn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here it says that the news came, when really someone came and told David the news. Alternate translation: “that someone came and reported the news to David saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
13:31 l6aw 0 “Then the king stood up”
|
||
13:31 a8qp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 He did these things to show that he was extremely sad. Alternate translation: “tore his clothes, and threw himself on the floor grieving” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
13:31 a62g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 They did this to show their sadness and to mourn with their king. Alternate translation: “and tore their clothes, mourning with the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
13:32 a6vi 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 13:3](../13/03.md).
|
||
13:32 dsh2 0 “My master, do not believe”
|
||
13:32 ev3e 0 Jonadab calls David “my master” to show respect.
|
||
13:32 a8f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a polite way of saying that Amnon raped his sister. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
13:33 qjg1 0 “my master the king, do not”
|
||
13:33 cf2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “take something to heart” means “to worry about it.” Alternate translation: “worry about this report” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
13:34 rh5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means that the servant was watching for enemies while guarding at the city wall. Alternate translation: “who was guarding” or “who was guarding at the city wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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||
13:34 j8la rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the servant looking up at something is spoken of as if he lifted up his eyes. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
13:36 r5i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
|
||
13:36 r9gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the sons crying out is spoken of as if their voices were something they lifted into the sky. Alternate translation: “cried out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
13:37 dqp1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
13:37 wxs3 0 “for his son Amnon”
|
||
13:38 pbz9 0 “where he stayed for three years”
|
||
13:39 ky6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here David is referred to by his mind to emphasize his thoughts. Alternate translation: “King David longed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
13:39 t9kb 0 “because he was no longer grieving about Amnon being dead.” This refers to three years after Absalom fled to Geshur.
|
||
14:intro abce 0 # 2 Samuel 14 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Reconciliation\nDavid missed his son, Absalom, who was in exile. Joab summons a wise woman to reconcile David and Absalom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]])\n\n## Important figures of speech used in this chapter\n\n### Parable\n\nThe wise woman uses a type of parable to convince David that his actions were wrong. He treated a stranger worse than he treated his own son. This hypothetical situation was intended to convict David of his sin. She uses David’s own words against him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
|
||
14:1 c5gz 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells about a new person in the story.
|
||
14:1 zlp2 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
|
||
14:1 nt9e 0 This means Joab discerned or understood what David was thinking.
|
||
14:2 g3b4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This means that Joab sent someone with a message to Tekoa and had him bring back a woman to him. This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “sent someone with a message to Tokoa and had him bring a wise woman back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
14:2 t4f8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
14:2 rm87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj 0 This refers to someone who has died, not dead people in general. Alternate translation: “someone who has died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||
14:4 an12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 She did this to show her respect and submission to the king. Alternate translation: “she showed her respect to the king by laying facedown on the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
14:6 ij2w 0 “One of my sons hit the other son with something”
|
||
14:7 jb47 0 “my entire family”
|
||
14:7 aq9y 0 To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant.”
|
||
14:7 fj59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom which means to kill. Alternate translation: “kill him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
14:7 hhk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 If they put the guilty brother to death there would not be a son left to inherit the family’s possessions. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “if they did this, they would be destroying our family’s heir” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
14:7 vfb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the woman refers to her only living son as if he were a burning piece of coal. She speaks of the men killing her son as stopping the coal’s burning. Alternate translation: “In this way they will kill the only child I have left” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
14:7 vk75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “they will not leave for my husband name or descendant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
|
||
14:7 jl3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers to a son to carry on the family’s name into the next generation. Alternate translation: “no son to preserve our family’s name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:7 xe94 0 “on the earth.” This descriptive phrase emphasizes that the family line would not continue on earth after the husband died. “The surface of the earth” refers to the ground on which people walk.
|
||
14:8 w2wr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will take care of this matter for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
14:9 sev7 0 Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 14:2](../14/02.md).
|
||
14:9 gz85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that if people say that the king was wrong for helping the woman’s family that the king should not be guilty. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if anyone blames you for helping our family, may my family be considered guilty instead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
14:9 e186 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “throne” refers to anyone who later becomes king in David’s place. Alternate translation: “The king and his descendants” or “The king and his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:9 uik4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 “are innocent.” This implies that in the future if anyone accuses the king of wrongdoing, he will be innocent in the matter. Alternate translation: “will be innocent regarding the matter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
14:10 fz7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here speaking threats is spoken of as speaking in general. Alternate translation: “threatens you” or “speaks threats to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
14:10 pq9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here David speaks of a person not threatening or hurting her, by saying that the person would not touch her. It is implied that David will not allow the person threatening her to bother her again. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “I will make sure he does not threaten you again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
14:11 jfs2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Possible meanings are (1) The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom meaning to pray. Alternate translation: “Please, pray to Yahweh your God” or (2) Here “call to mind” means to remember and it is implied that after he remembers Yahweh he will promise in his name. Alternate translation: “Please promise in the name of Yahweh your God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
14:11 xm1u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to the man who wants to avenge the death of the dead brother. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the man who wants to avenge my son’s brother’s death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
14:11 ez62 0 “cause anyone else to die.” This is in addition to the brother who already died.
|
||
14:11 yv76 0 “that they will not kill my son” or “that they will not execute my son”
|
||
14:11 vgi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Often people would make promises and compare how surely they would fulfil their promise to how surely Yahweh is alive. Alternate translation: “I promise you, as surely as Yahweh lives” or “In Yahweh’s name I promise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
14:11 d9l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 The means that her son will not be harmed, which is exaggerated by saying that he will not lose even a single hair. Alternate translation: “your son will be completely safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
14:12 l1s3 0 To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant.”
|
||
14:12 hy2e 0 “talk about something else to.” The woman is requesting to speak to the king about another topic.
|
||
14:12 mw9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom. The king was giving her permission to continue speaking. Alternate translation: “You may speak to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
14:13 ia2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The woman asks this rhetorical question to rebuke David for how he has treated Absalom. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have just said proved that you did wrong.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
14:13 t35u 0 The woman compares the king to someone who is guilty to suggest that he is guilty without saying it directly. Alternate translation: “the king has declared himself guilty”
|
||
14:13 f3ci 0 “his son whom he banished”
|
||
14:14 ll3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Here the woman speaks of a person dying as if they were water being spilled on the ground. Alternate translation: “We all must die, and after we die we cannot be brought back to life again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
14:14 f5lf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The woman is implying that David should bring his son back to himself. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “God brings back someone whom he has driven away and you should do the same for your son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
14:15 hm99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “because the people have made me afraid that I have come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
14:15 nkn7 0 To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant”
|
||
14:16 x4ut rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This phrase is an idiom. Also, “the hand” is a metonym referring to the man’s control. Alternate translation: “out of the control of the man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:17 pn2s 0 “the message of my master the king”
|
||
14:17 nm7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Here David, the king, is compared to an “angel of God.” Alternate translation: “for the king is like an angel of God because they both know how to tell good from evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
14:18 u2d4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 The negative form here is used for emphasis and can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “Please tell me the truth about everything I ask you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
|
||
14:19 p42h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the word “hand” refers to Joab’s influence. Alternate translation: “Has not Joab influenced you in all this” or “Did Joab send you here to speak these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:19 uz25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 “As surely as you are alive.” Here the woman compares the certainty of what David has said to the certainty that he is alive, to emphasize how true his statement is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
14:19 q69g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the woman describes the difficulty of speaking to the king and keeping him from finding out the truth by comparing it to a person not being about to escape in any direction. Alternate translation: “no one can keep you from knowing the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
14:19 vyl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 The expression gives two extremes and means “anywhere.” Alternate translation: “anywhere at all” or “anywhere” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
14:20 yvt6 0 “My master the king is wise”
|
||
14:20 j2lm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The woman compares David’s wisdom to the wisdom of an angel to emphasize how very wise he is. Alternate translation: “you are very wise, like an angel of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
14:21 n8az rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is implied that the king had Joab brought before him so that he could speak to him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Then the king summoned Joab and said to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
14:21 g87y 0 This phrase is used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
|
||
14:21 r58j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to what Joab wants the king to do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “what you want me to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
14:22 n6a2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 Joab did this to honor the king and show his gratitude. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
14:22 qd1b 0 To show respect for the king Joab refers to himself as “your servant.”
|
||
14:22 f6n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, “eyes” is a metonym for sight, and sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “you are pleased with me” or “you have approved of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
14:22 x4g1 0 “because the king”
|
||
14:22 gl13 0 “you have done what I asked you to do”
|
||
14:24 i98k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the word “face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “but he may not see me … the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
14:25 u9cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 This word marks a break in the main story line. This new section gives background information for the part of the story that follows. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||
14:25 fb8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people praised Absalom for his handsomeness more than they praised anyone else” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
14:25 m4bk 0 good and pleasing appearance, especially of the face
|
||
14:25 tiv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 This means the whole person was without blemish. Alternate translation: “There were no blemishes on any part of his body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
14:26 j4bd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight 0 This can be written in modern units. Alternate translation: “two and a half kilograms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
|
||
14:26 a94i 0 The king had weights that determined the standard weight of the shekel and other weights and measurements.
|
||
14:27 raf5 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Absalom had three sons and one daughter”
|
||
14:28 p8nr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “the king’s face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
14:29 nwh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger to Joab with a request. Alternate translation: “Absalom sent a messenger to Joab asking him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:29 km4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is implied that Absalom wanted Joab to come to him to see him and to intercede for him so that he would be allowed to see the king. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “to come to him and to intercede for him so that he could see the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
14:29 f1c7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger to Joab again with the same request. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “So Absalom sent a messenger to Joab again with the same request” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
14:30 g6kt 0 Here this word is used to remind people of something. Alternate translation: “As you know”
|
||
14:32 wb3r 0 “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
|
||
14:32 cr53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “I sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
14:32 ay13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The message here for the king is written as if Absalom were the speaker. Absalom was asking Joab to speak the message on his behalf. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “to say to the king on my behalf” or “to ask the king for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
14:32 ehw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “king’s face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
14:33 xix9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 Absalom is showing respect to the king. Alternate translation: “bowed low to the ground to honor the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
14:33 lr12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This implies that the king forgave and restored Absalom. The full meaning of this can be made clear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
15:intro abcf 0 # 2 Samuel 15 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the story of Absalom’s attempted revolt.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Absalom’s conspiracy\nFor four years, Absalom made many allies in an attempt to make himself king. This is why he acted as a judge for the people. Since this was all done in secret, it is called a “conspiracy.” David found out and fled with those in the army who were loyal to him.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\nThe author used the metaphor of a thief to describe how Absalom was able to win people’s loyalty: “So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
15:1 m44b rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
|
||
15:1 a4qh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 These men would run in front of the chariot to honor Absalom. Alternate translation: “with fifty men to run before him to honor him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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||
15:2 f1j6 0 When a man would respond to Absalom’s question he would refer to himself as “your servant” to honor Absalom.
|
||
15:3 cl8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is implied that the person told his case to Absalom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Absalom would ask him what his problem was, and the man would then explain to Absalom why he sought justice. Absalom would then say to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
15:3 yts5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These words have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that his case is good. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||
15:3 d3e6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “Hearing” a case means to listen to it and to make a judgement decision over it. Alternate translation: “to judge your case” or “to oversee your case” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
15:5 n3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 This action is a friendly greeting. Alternate translation: “greet him as a friend by embracing him and kissing him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
15:6 ty61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that they can for the king to decide their disputes. Alternate translation: “to judge over their disputes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
15:6 xc8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This sentence means Absalom convinced the men to be loyal to him rather than to David. Here the author speaks of how the people became loyal to Absalom by saying that he stole their hearts. Alternate translation: “In this way, Absalom convinced the men of Israel to be loyal to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
15:7 k1ju rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
|
||
15:7 u4br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to four years after he returned to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “fours years after Absalom had returned to Jerusalem, he” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
15:7 z9fc 0 “to Hebron and there fulfill a vow that I have made to Yahweh”
|
||
15:8 x8c1 0 Here Absalom refers to himself this way to honor the king.
|
||
15:9 z24j 0 “So Absalom left”
|
||
15:10 k6i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the places where the tribes of Israel lived are referred to as the tribes themselves. Alternate translation: “throughout the land of the tribes of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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||
15:10 yb9l 0 “a trumpet being blown”
|
||
15:11 y3hm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who he had invited” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
15:11 j5ty 0 “went innocently”
|
||
15:12 p6px rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means that he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel and bring him back to him. Alternate translation: “he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel who was” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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||
15:12 b237 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
15:12 v7wx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
15:13 wjk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the men are referred to by their “hearts” to emphasize their loyalty to Absalom. Alternate translation: “The men of Israel are loyal to” or “The men of Israel are following after” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
15:14 brg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here David speaks of Absalom and the men with him as “Absalom” himself because the men are following Absalom’s authority. Alternate translation: “escape from Absalom and his men … he and his men will quickly … and they will bring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
15:14 t8eh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The “city” is a metonym referring to the people in the city. The “edge of the sword” is a synecdoche referring to the Israelites’ swords and emphasize that they killed the people in battle. Alternate translation: “will attack the people of our city and kill them with their swords” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
15:14 s5ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means to cause disaster to happen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
15:16 hpv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here the word “keep” means to care for. Alternate translation: “to care for the palace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
15:17 cv7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to the last house they would come to when leaving the city. Alternate translation: “at the last house as they were leaving the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
15:18 hx7p 0 Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
|
||
15:18 vht5 0 Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md).
|
||
15:18 tp2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “600 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
15:19 u5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
15:19 n5dh 0 Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md).
|
||
15:19 k4yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question indicates that the king does not think they should go along with him. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to go with us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
15:20 dw1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes David did not want Ittai to come. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to cause you to wander around with us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
15:20 wfd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 Here “yesterday” is an exaggeration that emphasizes a short amount of time. Ittai the Gittite had lived there for several years. Alternate translation: “Since you have lived here only a short time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
15:20 e3e8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This is a blessing that David is giving to him. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh be faithful and loyal to you always” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
15:21 m7sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Here the speaker is making a solemn promise. He compare the certainty the he will fulfill his promise to the certainty that Yahweh and the king are alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that as surely as Yahweh and the king live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
15:21 q3e6 0 Ittai refers to himself this way to honor the king.
|
||
15:21 u8i6 0 “even if I get killed supporting you”
|
||
15:23 y8br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 Many of the people of Israel wept loudly when they saw the king leaving. Here this is generalized by saying that the whole country wept. Alternate translation: “All the people along the road wept” or “Many of the people wept” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
15:23 cpg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the many people who were weeping are spoken of as if they shared one loud voice. Alternate translation: “loudly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
15:23 qn5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
15:25 x2mv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “eyes of Yahweh” refer to Yahweh’s thoughts and opinion. If you “find favor” with someone it means that they are pleased with you. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is pleased with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
15:25 cm5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “where his presence is.” The ark of the covenant symbolizes Yahweh’s presence. This refers to the place where the ark is. Alternate translation: “where it is kept” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
15:27 w3ii rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
15:27 k6y6 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 8:17](../08/17.md).
|
||
15:27 sn4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Zadok and can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will be able to find out what is happening.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
15:28 nvl5 0 Here this word means for the listener to pay attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
|
||
15:28 a6gq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers to him sending a messenger to the king. Alternate translation: “until you send a messenger to me to inform me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
15:28 g6m3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Here the king implies he is to receive a message informing him about what is happening in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “to tell me what is happening in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
15:30 m59t 0 wearing no shoes or sandals
|
||
15:30 hz16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 This is a sign of mourning and shame. Alternate translation: “his head covered in mourning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
15:31 e31r 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:11](../15/11.md).
|
||
15:31 a24n 0 people who join together against someone else
|
||
15:31 e4pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 David is asking Yahweh to make Ahitohphel’s advice foolish and useless. Alternate translation: “please let whatever advice Ahithophel gives be foolishness and unsuccessful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
15:32 lr8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 “It happened.” This phrase marks the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
|
||
15:32 q4pe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The word “top” is used here because David went up in elevation and is at the top of a hill. Alternate translation: “at the top of the hill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
15:32 kgp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where people once worshiped God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
15:32 bxf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
15:32 fmi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
15:32 jt8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 This is an act showing shame or repentance. Here the word “earth” means dirt. Alternate translation: “He had torn his clothes and put dirt on his head to show that he was very sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
15:34 xy6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 David is suggest to Hushai that he oppose whatever Ahithopel advises. Alternate translation: “you can serve me by opposing Ahithophel’s advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
15:35 fr9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David asks this rhetorical question to tell Hushai that he will not be alone. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Zadok and Abiathar the priests will be there to help you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
15:35 rkm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 This is a generalization. It means all of the important and insightful things that he hears, not every single word he hears. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
15:36 yg9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
15:36 z36k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 The phrase “their hand” refers to the sons and means that they were to serve as messengers. Alternate translation: “their sons to tell me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
16:intro abcg 0 # 2 Samuel 16 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Absalom seeks advice from David’s advisers\nDavid’s best adviser, Ahithophel, told Absalom to publicly seduce the concubines that David had left to take care of the palace. Because the concubines were the king’s property, having sexual relations with a king’s concubines implied that Absalom was now the king. This would show the people that the break with David was complete. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n### Simile\nTo show how seriously people took Ahithophel’s advice, the author used a [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] comparing his advice to God’s advice. “Now the advice of Ahithophel that he gave in those days was as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself.”
|
||
16:1 uv2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
16:1 rzt4 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
|
||
16:1 eex7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “200 loaves … 100 clusters … 100 bunches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
16:1 md5n 0 “cakes of bread”
|
||
16:1 sje6 0 These phrases refer to raisins or figs pressed together.
|
||
16:1 ibp3 0 dried grapes
|
||
16:1 x3jp 0 “a wineskin full of wine”
|
||
16:2 j2cp 0 tired and weak
|
||
16:3 h7rz 0 “Mephibosheth, your master’s grandson”
|
||
16:3 bdv9 0 the son of one’s son or daughter
|
||
16:3 x26u 0 Here this word is used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
|
||
16:3 b9kv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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||
16:3 fvn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Having a descendant of Saul being allowed to rule is spoken of as the kingdom being restored to their family. Alternate translation: “will allow me to rule the kingdom that my grandfather ruled” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
16:4 h3df 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
|
||
16:4 cvm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Ziba is not literally bowing before the king when he is speaking here. This means that he will serve the king with the same amount of humility he would be showing if he were literally bowing before him. Alternate translation: “I will humbly serve you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
16:4 ewk1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “find favor” means to be approved of by someone. Also, “eyes” is a metonym for sight, and sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “I want you to be pleased with me” or “I desire you for to be pleased with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
16:5 q8fi 0 Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [2 Samuel 3:16](../03/16.md).
|
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16:5 y6uz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
16:6 j39l 0 “even though there was”
|
||
16:6 nmf8 0 These are men who protect an important person.
|
||
16:7 tj6a 0 someone who is evil, a criminal or lawbreaker
|
||
16:7 h2c4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “blood” refers to all of men he was responsible for killing in battle. Alternate translation: “murderer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
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16:8 ju1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Yahweh repays them by punishing them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has punished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
16:8 cvt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “blood” refer to people who were killed from Saul’s family. The king was responsible for them dying. Alternate translation: “for killing many of Saul’s family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
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16:8 mve3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 David reigned as king over the same people whom Saul had previously reigned. Alternate translation: “in whose place you have reigned as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
16:8 uqf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “into the control of Absalom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
16:9 wg1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
16:9 jz4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
16:9 b6wq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Abishai asked this question to express his anger at the man. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This dead dog must not speak to the king this way.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
16:9 p79k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the man is being described as worthless by being compared to a dead dog. Alternate translation: “this worthless man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
16:10 i1pm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question is asked to correct the sons of Zeruiah. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to know what you think!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
16:10 wrg4 0 “He may be cursing me because”
|
||
16:10 g4rx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This is said as a rhetorical question to emphasize that the answer is “no one.” This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one then can ask him, ‘Why are you cursing the king?’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
16:11 y6it rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 David describes his son this way to emphasize the close bond between a father and his son. Alternate translation: “my own son” or “my dear son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
16:11 l8bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a polite way to refer to killing someone. Alternate translation: “wants to kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
16:11 znl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David uses this rhetorical question to express that he is not surprised that the man wants to kill him. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Of course this Benjamite desires my ruin!” or “I am not surprised this Benjamite desires my ruin as well!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
16:11 t9uf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here David describes the man’s desire to kill him as if David were something that the man wanted to ruin. Alternate translation: “desire me to be killed” or “desire to kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
16:11 tb7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here the phrase “leave him alone” means to not stop him from what he is doing. Alternate translation: “Do not stop him from cursing me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
16:12 xk9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “looking” means “considering.” Alternate translation: “will consider” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
16:12 smf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here David speaks of misery as if it were a dangerous animal that the Benjamite unleashed on him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
16:13 h7jk 0 Shimei was walking parallel to David and his men, though Shimei was up higher on the hillside.
|
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16:15 l6bc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
16:16 p1gq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
16:16 d97z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 “It happened that.” This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
|
||
16:16 gp9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated the name of this people group in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
16:17 x1al 0 a strong feeling of support and love
|
||
16:17 b4yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 These rhetorical questions are asked to criticize Hushai. They can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have been a loyal friend to David; you should have gone with him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
16:18 t8c4 0 Hushai is referring to Absalom.
|
||
16:18 k7hr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person 0 Here Hushai is referring to Absalom in the third person to take emphasize off of him and place it on Yahweh and the people who chose him. This can be written in second person. Alternate translation: “you are the one whom … you are the man … with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||
16:19 hq49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Hushai asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that he wants to serve Absalom. They can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I should serve only David’s son, so I will serve in his presence.” or “I should serve you, for you are David’s son.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
16:20 f7w3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
16:21 d7c8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Have sexual relations with your father’s slave wives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
16:21 sm7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “to keep” means to take care of. Alternate translation: “to take care of the palace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
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16:21 jx59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Ahithophel speaks of Absalom offending his father as if he would become something that had a strong and offensive odor. Alternate translation: “become offensive to your father” or “greatly insulted father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
16:21 bu9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the people who followed Absalom are referred to by their hands. The news will strengthen the peoples’ loyalty to Absalom and encourage them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The news of this will strengthen the loyalty of all who follow you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
16:22 cj6n 0 “they set up”
|
||
16:22 gx92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Absalom had sexual relations with his father’s slave wives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
16:22 v3ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 This means that people were able to see the tent and Absalom walking in and out of the tent with the women. The phrase “all of Israel” is a generalization, for only people near the palace could see it. Alternate translation: “where the Israelites could see him go into the tent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
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16:23 k3y9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Here the author compare how much people trusted Ahithophel’s advice with how much they would trust advice directly from God. Alternate translation: “Now people trusted the advice of Ahithophel in those days in the same way they would have trusted it if had come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
16:23 qt97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here God’s mouth represents himself and emphasizes his speech. Alternate translation: “as if God had said it with his own mouth” or “as if a man heard it spoken by God himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
|
||
16:23 jqr6 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “both David and Absalom viewed all of Ahithophel’s advice”
|
||
16:23 p2g1 0 “was thought of”
|
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17:intro abch 0 # 2 Samuel 17 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Confusion\nAhithophel gives good advise to Absalom, but Hushai confuses Absalom. God is using the misleading advice to protect David, his king.
|
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17:1 jz1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
17:1 y3kl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “12,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
17:1 xpm7 0 “begin to”
|
||
17:2 p8re 0 “come to”
|
||
17:2 ukx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 These words mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how weak David was. Alternate translation: “weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
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17:2 si3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 Here the word “fear” can be expressed with the adjective “afraid.” Alternate translation: “will surprise him and make him afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
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17:2 txi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is implied that he intends to kill the king. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will kill only the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
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17:3 b53b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to all of the people who were with David. Alternate translation: “bring back all of the people who were with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
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17:3 b385 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Here Ahithophel speaks of the peoples’ happiness by comparing it to a bride’s happiness. Alternate translation: “and they will come happily, like a bride is happy when she comes to her husband” or “and they will come happily” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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17:3 fwq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means to have peace or to live peacefully. Alternate translation: “live peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
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17:3 d16g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers to being under the king’s authority. Alternate translation: “under your authority” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
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17:5 b9n4 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md).
|
||
17:6 lw7i 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md).
|
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17:8 w2fu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The anger of the soldiers here is being compared to that of a mother bear who cubs are taken from her. Alternate translation: “they are angry, like a mother bear whose cubs have been take from her” or “they are very angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
17:8 ytp8 0 a large furry animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth
|
||
17:8 q99g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that his has fought in many battles and knows well the ways of war. Alternate translation: “has fought in many battles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
17:9 vwd2 0 Here this word is used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
|
||
17:9 kc65 0 a deep hole in the ground
|
||
17:9 v2xp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 This is another place he may be hiding. Alternate translation: “or hidden in some other place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
17:9 d2wh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when his soldiers kill some of your men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
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17:9 f1q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The noun “slaughter” means an event where many people are brutally killed. This can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “Many of the soldiers who follow Absalom have been slaughtered” or “The enemy soldiers have killed many of the soldiers who follow Absalom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
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17:10 g7bl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the soldiers are refers to by their “hearts.” Also, their strong bravery is compared to that of a lion’s. Alternate translation: “who are as brave as lions” or “who are very brave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
17:11 sm9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Also, here “all Israel” represents only the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “that you should gather together all of the Israelite soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
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17:11 jz3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 This phrase means from the northern border of Israel to the southern border. Alternate translation: “from the whole nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
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17:11 vl1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 This is an exaggeration where all the grains of sand on a beach are compared to the number of Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “so many that they can barely be counted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
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17:11 lbr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “in person” means to go yourself and not send someone else instead. Alternate translation: “then lead them yourself into battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
17:12 v92h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means to purposefully go to where he is and then to attack. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
17:12 rys8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Absalom’s army is described as covering David’s army like the dew covers the ground in the morning. Alternate translation: “we will overwhelm and completely defeat David’s army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
17:12 k6bm 0 the fog or misty cloud of water that can fall onto the ground during the night, covering the ground and leaving it wet in the morning
|
||
17:12 jdy3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 This negative sentence is used for emphasis and can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “We will kill every one of his men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
|
||
17:12 dwr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns 0 Both these words refer to David. Alternate translation: “David himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
|
||
17:13 cez7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 This refers to Israel’s soldiers, not to all of Israel. Alternate translation: “then all of our soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
17:13 v4rx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that the soldiers would tear down the city walls and drag the pieces to river. Alternate translation: “will destroy the city and drag the stones to the river with ropes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
17:13 ua57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 This is an exaggeration to describe how completely they will destroy the city. The would not literally sweep away every small stone from the city. Alternate translation: “until the city is completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
17:14 vg6q 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). Arkite is the name of a people group.
|
||
17:14 erd5 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md).
|
||
17:14 j39m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “rejection” can be expressed with the verb “reject.” Alternate translation: “for the men of Israel to reject Ahithophel’s good advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||
17:14 rwx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 To “bring” something on someone means to cause it to happen to them. Alternate translation: “to cause a disaster to happen to Absalom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
17:15 pp5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 15:24](../15/24.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
17:15 f3gh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This phrase, meaning “like this,” refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom earlier beginning in [2 Samuel 17:1](../17/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
17:16 b624 0 A ford is a shallow part of a river where people can walk across. The Arabah is the land along both sides of the Jordan River.
|
||
17:16 u94n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means to make sure that you do something. Alternate translation: “be sure to” or “make sure that you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
17:16 adt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the king and his people being killed is describes as if they were “swallowed” by their enemy. Alternate translation: “the king will be killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
17:17 u8z7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
17:17 q25n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the “message” is spoken of as coming to them, when really it is the woman who came to then bringing the message. Alternate translation: “When she brought them a message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
17:17 h5de rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
17:18 q737 0 “one time”
|
||
17:18 r7rc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 It is implied that they found out that the young man had told Absalom about them being there. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Jonathan and Ahimaaz found out what the young man had done, so they went away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
17:18 t68a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a small town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
17:18 fa3m 0 “they lowered themselves and hid”
|
||
17:19 j4xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
17:20 f1dc 0 “the man’s wife”
|
||
17:20 n16k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
17:21 kx9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 “It happened.” This phrase marks the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
|
||
17:21 r493 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “the water” refers to the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “cross quickly over the river” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
17:21 h17r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “such and such” is used in the place of information that is already know by the reader. Here it refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom beginning in [2 Samuel 17:1](../17/01.md). This information can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “has advised that Absalom send him with an army to attack you now” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
17:22 l8sk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes 0 This negative sentence is used to emphasize that they all crossed the river. It can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “By morning daylight every one of them had crossed over the Jordan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
|
||
17:23 gix9 0 “Ahithophel knew” or “Ahithophel realized”
|
||
17:23 x22t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Absalom had not followed his advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
17:23 pmh2 0 placed a blanket or small leather seat on the donkey so he could sit on it
|
||
17:23 zw5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 He prepared for his death by telling his family what to do after he died. Alternate translation: “he prepared for his death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
17:23 yg9t 0 “And this is how”
|
||
17:23 b2wa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
17:24 c8ze rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 2:8](../02/08.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
17:25 dur7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. See how you translated Joab and Zeruiah (Joab’s mother) in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
17:25 v1vl 0 This word means that the person is descended from Ishmael. Some versions say “Israelite” here. See the footnote. You may want to choose the word that is used in the majority language Bible in your area.
|
||
17:25 q7fs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “who had sexual relations with Abigail” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
17:25 yn85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
17:26 p8z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 2:9](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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||
17:27 a88x rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent 0 This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
|
||
17:27 ya8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of cities or places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
17:27 sb1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
17:27 g662 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
17:28 td28 0 A mat is something soft to sleep on, and a blanket is a cloth covering for warmth.
|
||
17:28 sk67 0 crushed grain made into powder and used to make bread
|
||
17:28 wym6 0 cooked with dry heat
|
||
17:28 epx5 0 seeds that are cooked and eaten
|
||
17:28 s9d6 0 a kind of seed that is cooked and eaten
|
||
17:29 vx1d 0 milk that has soured and become solid
|
||
17:29 hpg5 0 in need of water or some other drink
|
||
18:intro abci 0 # 2 Samuel 18 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter tells of the defeat and death of Absalom, ending this section on Absalom’s rebellion.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David’s mercy\nDavid reorganized his army and sent them out to battle, but told them to be merciful to Absalom. When David’s army defeated Absalom’s army, Absalom fled on a mule, but his hair caught in a tree limb and the mule ran on, leaving him hanging. One of David’s soldiers saw him and told Joab. Joab went and killed him. When David heard about this he mourned for his son, Absalom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])
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18:1 y2u4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 David did not count all of the people himself, rather other men counted them. Alternate translation: “David commanded for the soldiers who were with him to be counted and he appointed” or “David arranged the soldiers who were with him and appointed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
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18:1 qt9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
18:1 pa96 0 A captain is a person who is in authority over a group of soldiers.
|
||
18:2 x31q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction 0 “one-third of the army … another third of the army.” A “third” is one part out of three equal parts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
|
||
18:2 lu6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
18:2 xwu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:19](../15/19.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
18:2 zy14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This refers to a person from Gath, which is a Philistine city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
18:2 s8e1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that he will go out with them to battle. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I myself will go with you to battle” or “I personally will go with you into battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
18:3 z3p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 The word “half” refers to one out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
18:3 cmi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that the enemy army considering killing David of greater worth than killing 10,000 of the other men. The number 10,000 here is an exaggeration used to emphasize a very great number of people. Alternate translation: “they would rather kill you than to kill 10,000 of us” or “killing you is worth more to them than killing a great number of us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
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18:3 nx5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “10,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
18:3 r2hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 David could help them from the city by advising them and sending men to help them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that you stay here in the city and send help to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
18:5 idy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
18:5 nnf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:19](../15/19.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
18:5 jbs6 0 “For my sake, do not harm the young man, Absalom.” The phrase “Deal gently” means to be kind to someone and not to harm them.
|
||
18:5 s62a 0 “my well-being” or “my account”
|
||
18:6 ak3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that they went out and fought against them in battle. Alternate translation: “went out into the countryside and fought against Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
18:6 na7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “Israel” refers to their soldiers, not all of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “against the Israelite soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
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18:7 xa6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There the soldiers of David defeated the army of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
18:7 ef2b 0 an event where many people are brutally killed
|
||
18:7 qgp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “20,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
18:8 ndw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here “the forest” is described as if it were alive and could act. “The sword” refers to David’s soldiers who fought with swords. Alternate translation: “dangerous things in the forest killed more men than David’s soldiers killed with their swords” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
18:9 fye9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This is an event that happened during the battle. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “During the battle, Absalom happened to meet some of David’s soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
18:9 ua3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Absalom had long hair that got caught in the tree branches. Alternate translation: “his hair was caught in the tree branches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
18:9 iq6e 0 hanging or swinging loosely
|
||
18:9 eys5 0 “in the air”
|
||
18:10 n893 0 Here this word is used to draw a person’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
|
||
18:11 w13x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question means that he should have killed him. This question can be written as a statement. The phrase “strike down” means to kill. Alternate translation: “You should have struck him down to the ground!” or “You should have killed him immediately!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
18:11 aik2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney 0 This can be written in modern units. Alternate translation: “ten silver coins” or “110 grams of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
|
||
18:11 xu84 0 This is a special belt that shows people that someone is a great soldier and should be honored.
|
||
18:12 m6ur rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney 0 “1,000 silver shekels.” This can be stated in modern units. Alternate translation: “1,000 silver coins” or “11 kilograms of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
18:12 y75l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “reached out my hand” means to attack. Alternate translation: “would not have attacked the king’s son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
18:12 c6je rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “touching” refers to “harming.” Alternate translation: “No none must harm” or “Do not harm” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
18:13 if8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The word “falsehood” can be expressed with a verbal phrase. Also, this refers to disobeying the king’s command. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “doing something that is wrong” or “by disobeying the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
18:13 b1r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the man speaks about how the king knows about almost everything that happens as if everything were a physical object he knew the location of. Alternate translation: “there is nothing that the king does not know” or “the king hears about everything that happens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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18:14 jl1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Joab meant that he should not continue talking to the man. Alternate translation: “I will not waste anymore time talking to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
18:14 m7ub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here Absalom’s heart refers to his chest or upper body. Alternate translation: “chest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
18:15 va7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 This refers to both the armor he would wear to protect himself and to his weapons. Alternate translation: “armor and weapons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
18:16 f9za rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This describes what Joab commanded by blowing the trumpet. Alternate translation: “Then Joab blew the trumpet to call back the army, and the army returned from pursuing Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
18:16 ji7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite army. Alternate translation: “returned from pursuing the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
18:17 st6r 0 “They took Absalom’s body and threw it”
|
||
18:17 d3n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 After putting his body in the pit they covered it with a pile of stones. This can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “they covered his body with a huge pile of stones” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
18:17 b87l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “all Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers. The word “fled” means “ran away.” Alternate translation: “while all the Israelite soldiers ran away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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18:18 s18q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
18:18 j9s8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Absalom uses the phrase “my name” to refer to himself and his family line. Alternate translation: “to carry on my family name, by which people would remember me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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18:18 tg1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so people called it Absalom’s Monument from that day on” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
18:18 h1qh 0 This refers to the present time when this book of the Bible was written.
|
||
18:19 md2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
18:19 qby5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Ahimaaz speaks of running to go and tell the king the good news as if the good news were a object that he were carrying. Alternate translation: “run to tell the king the good news” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
18:19 jyg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “the control of his enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
18:20 qeg4 0 “the one who tells the news”
|
||
18:20 v56v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to not bearing the news to the king. Alternate translation: “you will not tell the news to the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
18:21 q3lf 0 Joab is telling him to go and tell the king about the news of the battle.
|
||
18:24 zqb5 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line and the beginning of a new part of the story.
|
||
18:24 t7w3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the watchman looking to see something is spoken of as if he lifted up his eyes. Alternate translation: “looked out beyond the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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18:25 r6br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the king speaks of the man having a message as if the news were an object sitting in his mouth. Alternate translation: “he has news to tell us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
18:27 zpr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The watchman compares the way the man ran to the way Ahimaaz runs to suggest that it may be him. Alternate translation: “I think the man running in front is Ahimaaz son Zadok, because he runs like Ahimaaz” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
18:28 ft3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 He did this to honor the king. Alternate translation: “He bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground to honor the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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||
18:28 qm8v 0 “Praise Yahweh.” Here “bless” means to praise.
|
||
18:28 e5ky rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Ahimaaz speaks of the men opposing the king as if they were raising their hands before him. Alternate translation: “the men who opposed and fought against my master the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
18:29 l8s8 0 This means that people were acting as though things were not right.
|
||
18:30 bg95 0 “Move out of the way” or “Stand aside”
|
||
18:31 e1tf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means to oppose. Alternate translation: “opposed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
18:32 s9h4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The Cushite uses a comparison as a polite way to tell the king that Absalom is dead. This can be stated more directly. Alternate translation: “I would like all your enemies … to die the way that young man died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||
18:33 la2k 0 “was very unhappy” or “was trembling with grief”
|
||
19:intro abcj 0 # 2 Samuel 19 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David told to stop mourning Absalom\nJoab warned David that if he continued to mourn Absalom and not thank his army, they would all desert him. So David went out to encourage the soldiers. David was both a good father and a good leader.\n\n### David made king again\nThis chapter record the recognition that David was the true king of Israel. It is important to remember that even though Absalom had power for a while, David never stopped being the king.\n\n### The ten tribes and Judah argue over David\nThe ten tribes of Israel argued with the tribe of Judah about who would bring David across the river. The men of Judah answered the ten tribes very harshly. This may foreshadow, or give a glimpse of, the future civil war that would come to divide these two groups.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nThe people wanted David back as their king and expressed it in a rhetorical question: “So why are we not talking about bringing the king back?” David also used a question to persuade the people of Judah to bring him back: “You are my brothers, my flesh and bone. Why then are you the last to bring back the king?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
19:1 wl3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told Joab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
19:1 ggg6 0 The word “Look” is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen, the king is weeping”
|
||
19:2 jq6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that the whole army mourned instead of celebrating. AT “So instead of celebrating victory that day, the whole army mourned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
19:3 c8b8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 The author compares the way that the soldiers had to sneak back into the city to the way that soldiers sneak away when they are running away from battle. This emphasizes that they were made to feel ashamed. Alternate translation: “in the same way that people who had run away from battle would sneak away because they were ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
19:3 z9zj 0 move without being seen by others
|
||
19:4 bt57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 This is a way to express grief and mourning. Alternate translation: “The king showed his grief by covering his face” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
19:5 ve2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the soldiers are referred to by their face to emphasize how they would have hid their faces because of their shame” Alternate translation: “You have caused all your soldiers to hide their faces in shame today” or “You have caused all of your soldiers to be ashamed today” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
19:6 sx3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 This phrase is an exaggeration, but it expresses the very low value that David showed for the army. Alternate translation: “are worth very little to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
19:6 si4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 The speaker is giving a hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
|
||
19:7 h9b9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Joab is making a very strong oath. Alternate translation: “I swear, as surely as Yahweh is alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
19:7 p34h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives 0 This means that only if David went would his soldiers remain with him. Alternate translation: “only if you go will any of your men remain with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
|
||
19:7 m2uc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This refers to them remaining loyal to him. Alternate translation: “not one man will remain loyal to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
19:8 e6vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 This is a generalization. It means most of the men. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “many of the men who were there heard others saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
19:8 msv7 0 The word “Look” is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen, the king is sitting”
|
||
19:8 q8cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 Here “the people” refer to the people who followed David. Here “all” is an generalization. It means a large number came and gathered around him. Alternate translation: “many of the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
19:8 k5ue rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers who followed Absalom. Alternate translation: “And every Israelite soldier fled to his own home” or “And all of the Israelite soldiers fled to their homes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
19:9 ypj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “from under the control of our enemies” or “from our enemies’ control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
19:9 wn5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “from under the control of the Philistines” or “from the Philistines’ control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
19:9 w56d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that he had left the country fleeing from Absalom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “out of the country fleeing from Absalom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
19:10 h2rq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This means they should consider bringing David back now that Absalom was dead. The question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “we should be talking about bringing the king back.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
19:10 n7fv 0 This refers to David.
|
||
19:11 ywv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means that David sent a messenger to Zadok and Abiathar. Alternate translation: “sent a messenger to Zadok and to Abiathar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
19:11 jd6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This rhetorical question is asked to rebuke the elders in Judah. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first to favor the king and bring him back to the palace, not the people of the nation of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:11 d4d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 The noun “talk” can be expressed with the verb “talk” or “speak.” Alternate translation: “since all Israel speaks favorably about the king and desires to bring” or “since what the people of Israel are saying is in the king’s favor, to bring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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19:11 v8mv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here restoring the king’s authority to rule is spoken of as bringing him back to his palace. Alternate translation: “to restore the king’s authority as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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19:12 si3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The king uses these to phrases to emphasize that they are closely related. Being or having the same flesh is a metaphor for belonging to the same family or tribe. Alternate translation: “You are my brothers, and we have the same flesh and bone” or “You are my brothers, my close relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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19:12 n4pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This is the second rhetorical question here and it is also a rebuke for the elders of Judah. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first, not the last, to bring back the king.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:13 uf92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 17:25](../17/25.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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19:13 h28k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that they are related. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are my flesh and my bones.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:13 f88h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here David speaks of them being related by saying that they have the same flesh and bones. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 19:12](../19/12.md). Alternate translation: “my relative” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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19:13 gk6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This is an idiom that means for God to kill him. Alternate translation: “May God kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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19:14 g6z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the mens’ loyalty is referred to as their “hearts.” Alternate translation: “he won the loyalty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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19:14 w82p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the men being united in their loyalty to the king as if they were one man with the same mind. Alternate translation: “and they were united together” or “they were united in their loyalty to the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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19:14 a3id rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means that they sent a messenger to the king. Alternate translation: “They sent a messenger to the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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19:16 p33r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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19:16 ke2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 3:16](../03/16.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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19:17 kj6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. Translate as you did in [2 Samuel 9:2](../09/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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19:17 e34y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “1,000 men … 15 sons … 20 servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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19:17 s7u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that the king was there and was aware of what was happening. Alternate translation: “at the place where the king was” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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19:19 tx71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means “to remember.” Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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19:19 m7n5 0 Here Shimei refers to himself this way to humble himself before the king and honor the king.
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19:19 s3zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 “To take something to heart” means to think about something seriously or to be bothered by it. Alternate translation: “not be bothered by it” or “forget about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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19:21 w2c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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19:21 p13v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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19:21 yth5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Abishai was angry at Shimei for cursing David and is suggesting that he should be killed. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Shimei should be put to death because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:21 spv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to David. It means that he is the man that Yahweh had anointed as king. Alternate translation: “the man that Yahweh has anointed as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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19:22 dn85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Abishai. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nothing in common with you, you sons of Zeruiah! You have no good reason to become my adversaries today.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:22 s4fe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David uses these rhetorical questions to continue rebuking Abishai. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “No person will be executed today in the nation of Israel, because today I am the one who is king over all of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:22 f3ky rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This phrase “put to death” means to be killed or executed. Alternate translation: “Will any man be killed” or “Will I order any man to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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19:22 t2u7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are (1) “I know that I am still king of Israel.” or (2) “Today I am the one who is king over Israel!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:24 kg79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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19:24 sc2i 0 “He had not cared for his feet.” Mephibosheth’s feet were crippled. This phrase means that he had not taken proper care of his feet.
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19:25 zrh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 David is asking Mephibosheth why he did not go with David when David and all the people who followed him left Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Why did you not go with me when I left Jerusalem, Mephibosheth?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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19:27 vh2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 9:2](../09/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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19:27 bk18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Here David’s wisdom is compared to the wisdom of an angel. Alternate translation: “my master the king is as wise as an angel of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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19:27 jn77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means to do what you think is right. Alternate translation: “do what you believe to be the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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19:28 rll4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Mephibosheth speaks of how his relatives had deserved to be executed as if they had already been executed and were dead. Alternate translation: “all my father’s house deserved for my master the king to order them to be executed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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19:28 ww9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This refers to his father’s relatives. Alternate translation: “my father’s relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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19:28 fa5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Mephibosheth uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he has no right to request anything from the king. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Therefore, I have no right to ask the king to do anything else for me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:29 wt65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David uses this rhetorical question to tell him that he does not need to continue talking about his conflict with Ziba. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to explain this any further.” or “You certainly do not need to say any more.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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||
19:31 yk1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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19:31 zak8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated the name of this people group in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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19:31 w1ce rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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19:31 g56k 0 the Jordan River
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19:32 ffn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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||
19:32 cj9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “80 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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19:32 a2k7 0 “had provided what the king needed”
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19:34 y2r5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Here Barzillai means that he is old and that there is no reason for him to accompany David. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am certainly not going to live many more years. There is no good reason for me to go up with the king to Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:35 sy7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “80 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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19:35 n8fn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. Here “good” and “bad” refer to what is desirable and what is not. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot distinguish between what is desirable and what is not.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:35 d6qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot enjoy the taste of what I eat and drink.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:35 dgv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot hear well the voices of singing men and singing women.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:35 f2zi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not want to be a burden to the king. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your servant should not go with you and be a burden to you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:36 x8m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not know why the king would reward him this way. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not know why the king would repay me with such a great reward” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:37 tj5t 0 Barzillai asks that Kimham be allowed to take his place instead with David.
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19:37 lt2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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19:37 wef7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This does not mean that he wants to die right next to their graves, but rather, that he wants to die in the city where they are buried. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “where my father’s and my mother’s graves are” or “where my father and my mother are buried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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19:37 sn5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 This refers to crossing the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “Let him cross over the Jordan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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19:38 sm6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This refers to crossing the Jordan River. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Kimham will cross the river with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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19:40 v221 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 They crossed over the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “crossed over the river to Gilgal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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19:40 hzp4 0 See how you translated this name in [2 Samuel 19:37](../19/37.md).
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19:40 jw3n 0 “All the army of Judah and half the army of Israel brought the king over”
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19:40 t9rb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 They crossed over the Jordan River with the king. Alternate translation: “escorted the king over the river” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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19:41 sbd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The men of Israel use this question to express that they feel betrayed by the people of Judah. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is not right that our brothers, the men of Judah, who did not support you as king, had the privilege of bringing you and your family back across the Jordan River.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:41 r7ae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The men of Israel speak of how the men of Judah escorted the king across the river as if the king were something they stole that did not belong to them. Alternate translation: “taken you away from us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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19:41 hgi3 0 the Jordan River
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19:42 nu1g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The men of Judah ask this rhetorical question to rebuke the men of Israel. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “But you have no reason to be upset about this.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:42 u3wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The men of Judah ask the question to express that they have not taken anything from the king. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “The king has never paid for our food, and he has never given us any gifts.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:43 nbt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 “we have a greater claim to David than you do.” It may be helpful to state clearly what having “more right” means. Alternate translation: “we have more right to serve the king and to be with the king than you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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19:43 vc2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The men of Israel ask this rhetorical question to express their anger. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised us!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:43 vlb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The men of Israel ask this question to remind and rebuke the people of Judah. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “We were the first to suggest that we bring back the king!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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19:43 el5k 0 “the men of Judah spoke even more harshly than the men of Israel did”
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20:intro abck 0 # 2 Samuel 20 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Sheba’s revolt\nA man named Sheba told the people of the ten tribes that David was Judah’s king, but not their king. David worked hard to preserve unity in Israel after this time of division.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Idiom\nJoab used an idiom “has lifted up his hand against the king, against David” meaning “revolted against David,” to explain why his army was attacking the city of Able. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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20:1 fz8c 0 This refers to the town of Gilgal.
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20:1 a6ci rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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20:1 l45i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Both of these statements mean the same thing. Sheba is emphasizing that he and the tribes of Israel have no relationship with David. Alternate translation: “The inheritance of David and his father’s family does not belong to us” or “We are not a part of David and his father’s family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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20:3 j97w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here the phrase “to keep” means to take care of. Alternate translation: “to take care of the palace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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20:3 e4kn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 If a house is “under guard” it means that a guard is posted at the house. Alternate translation: “in a house and put a guard there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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20:3 ymh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he did not have sexual relations with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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20:3 b16i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means that they were not allowed to leave the house. Alternate translation: “they were shut inside the house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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20:3 p4su 0 These are women whose husbands have died.
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20:4 zm4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the commander of David’s army. See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 17:25](../17/25.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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20:6 ai94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is another commander of David’s army. See how you translated his name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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20:6 qm7j 0 “hurt us more”
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20:6 gm22 0 The phrase “my soldiers” clarifies which “servants.” David refers to himself as “your master” as a formal way of speaking to someone with less authority.
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20:6 q3jp 0 “chase after”
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20:6 g2i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that Sheba and his men will enter these cities to hide from David’s army. The word “he” represents Sheba but refers to both him and his men. Alternate translation: “he and his men will hide in fortified cities” or “he and his men will take refuge in fortified cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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20:6 lm43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here David refers to his army by their sight to emphasize that Sheba and his men would be hidden and David’s army would be unable to capture them. Alternate translation: “from us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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20:7 x1ai rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are the names of people groups who helped to protect King David. See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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20:8 kyh2 0 “When Joab and the men of Judah were”
|
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20:8 g899 0 a strip of leather or other material used to hold clothing or weapons in place
|
||
20:8 gg8n 0 This means the sword was in its protective covering.
|
||
20:8 mw2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Joab let the sword fall out to fool Amasa into thinking that he Joab was unarmed, so that Amasa would allow him to walk closer to him. Alternate translation: “he allowed the sword to fall on the ground so Amasa would think he was unarmed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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20:9 cca2 0 Amasa was the son of the sister of Joab’s mother.
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20:9 yw2u 0 This was a common way for men to greet one another.
|
||
20:10 e612 0 a short sword that is easy to hide and was often used for close-in fighting and assassinations
|
||
20:10 pd2k 0 “intestines spilled”
|
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20:11 m94g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 To be “for” someone means to support them. Alternate translation: “he who supports David” or “he who is loyal to David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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20:12 dp5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 “Amasa lay squirming in his blood.” Amasa may have still been alive and rolling in his blood, but he was probably dead by this time. It is described this way to show how gruesome his body looked. Alternate translation: “Amasa lay dead in his blood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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20:12 r75k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means they stopped walking and were staring at Amasa’s dead body. Alternate translation: “all the people stood still staring at the dead body … came by him stood still, staring at his dead body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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20:12 rgl8 0 “he carried Amasa’s body”
|
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20:13 y3pd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “After the man took Amasa off the road” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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20:13 x48e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns 0 This abstract noun can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “pursuing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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20:14 ppx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “Sheba” refers to both him and his army. Alternate translation: “Sheba and his army” or “Sheba and his men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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20:14 b6n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Both Abel and Beth Maacah names refer to the same place and may be combined. It is a city near the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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20:14 k4pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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||
20:14 ig39 0 “also followed Sheba”
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20:15 u7dg 0 “Joab and the soldiers caught up with him”
|
||
20:15 t6t2 0 “against the city wall”
|
||
20:15 n7h9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that they used a battering ram to knock down the wall. A battering ram was a cut tree or large log with a sharpened end or an end covered in metal. It was held by several men who would pound the end against a wall. Alternate translation: “used a battering ram to knock down the wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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20:16 k1s4 0 The repetition of “Listen” strengthens the woman’s plea.
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20:17 a5x5 0 The woman refers to herself as “your servant.” This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority.
|
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20:18 xv3v 0 “that advice would solve the problem”
|
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20:19 l2yb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 This describes the cities. Alternate translation: “most peaceful and faithful cities in Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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20:19 vb6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This speaks of the importance of this city among the nation of Israel as if it were a well respected mother. Alternate translation: “city that everyone in Israel respects like they would their mother” or “city that is very important and that Israel respects” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
20:19 f7wf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Here the woman uses a rhetorical question to suggest to Joab what they should not do. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not destroy the city that is Yahweh’s inheritance!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
20:19 h83g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the woman speaks of the army destroying the city as if the city were food to be swallowed. Alternate translation: “destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
20:19 v31s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the city is referred to as Yahweh’s inheritance to emphasize that it belongs to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a city that belongs to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
20:20 kn3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 He repeats this phrase to emphasize that this is something he would never do. Alternate translation: “Truly, truly, I would never” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
20:20 u14u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis 0 This refers to destroying the city. This may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that I should swallow up or destroy your city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
|
||
20:20 lh3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet 0 Both of these phrases means to destroy. In the first phrase “destroying” is spoken of as if it were “swallowing.” These may be combined. Alternate translation: “ruin or destroy the city” or “destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
20:21 bq5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This means to rebel and fight against someone. Alternate translation: “has opposed” or “is rebelling against” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
20:21 vu8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Joab is asking for the people of the city to release Sheba to him. Alternate translation: “Hand this man over to us” or “Give this man to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
20:21 rt99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here the “I” refers to both Joab and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “We will withdraw from the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
20:21 tda3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “We will throw his head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
20:22 p855 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that the woman acted wisely and spoke to her people about what they should do. Alternate translation: “Then the wise woman spoke to all the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
20:22 l63y 0 “every man went to his own home”
|
||
20:23 ail7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 “Now” marks a break in the main story line. This new section gives background information about the men who served King David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||
20:23 bu9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “was over” refers to having authority over a group of people. Alternate translation: “Joab had authority over … Benaiah son of Jehoiada had authority over” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
20:23 di2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
20:23 s3i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
20:24 hw6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The phrase “was over” refers to having authority over a group of people. Alternate translation: “Adoniram had authority over” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
20:24 qv95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
20:24 rx8x 0 “the slave workers”
|
||
20:24 hbx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:16](../08/16.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
20:25 pjz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
20:26 w67i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
20:26 qk9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
21:intro abcl 0 # 2 Samuel 21 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Famine caused by a broken oath\nWhen Israel first conquered the land, they promised not to kill the people of Gibeon. When Saul tried to kill them all, God caused a famine in Israel. David made amends with the people of Gideon and the famine ended. David also kept his vow to Jonathan’s sons. This helps to show the wisdom of king David. Although these people were not Israelites, they believed in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])\n\n### Wisdom, grace and justice\nDavid is seen to have many great qualities in this chapter. These were qualities important for a king of Israel: wisdom, grace and justice. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
|
||
21:1 yc9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Here “face” is a synecdoche for Yahweh’s presence. This means David prayed to Yahweh for an answer about the famine. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
21:1 f1fs 0 Saul had killed many Gibeonites, and Saul’s descendants are guilty because of this sin.
|
||
21:2 j82w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 Here “Now” marks a break in the main story line. This gives background information about the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||
21:3 r66c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two sentences have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “What can I do to remove this sin, so that you may bless the people of Yahweh, who inherit his goodness and promises?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
21:4 xp8q 0 “Money will not solve the problem”
|
||
21:5 tq7e 0 “who made plans against us”
|
||
21:6 hce6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow your men to give seven of his descendants to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
21:6 ac94 0 “we will execute them by hanging”
|
||
21:6 gb8q 0 Saul was from the town of Gibeah.
|
||
21:6 s77u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the one whom Yahweh chose” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
21:7 u686 0 Mephibosheth was the son of Jonathan. See how you translated his name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
|
||
21:8 nz4w 0 Rizpah was a woman and her father was Aiah. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 3:7](../03/07.md).
|
||
21:8 vnv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of men. This is not the same Mephibosheth as the son of Jonathan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
21:8 ab2b 0 This is the name of a woman. See how you translated it in [2 Samuel 3:13](../03/13.md).
|
||
21:8 p5t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
21:9 ji6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “the hands of the Gibeonites” represents the Gibeonite people’s control. Alternate translation: “He gave them to the Gibeonites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
21:9 uyb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Gibeonites put them to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
21:10 vaz5 0 Rizpah was a woman and her father was Aiah. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 3:7](../03/07.md).
|
||
21:11 hs9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
21:12 z1rv 0 Jabesh is a town in the region of Gilead. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 2:4](../02/04.md).
|
||
21:12 vw7s 0 This is an area near the city gate where people did various kinds of business.
|
||
21:12 nd8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
21:12 ku3i 0 See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 1:6](../01/06.md).
|
||
21:13 n7ji rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the Gibeonites executed by hanging” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
21:14 ai2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a town in Benjamin. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
21:14 bga5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
21:14 kw3r 0 “Saul’s father”
|
||
21:16 d7sb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
21:16 b31k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight 0 “300 shekels.” This is about 3.4 kilograms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
21:17 e49h 0 Abishai and Zeruiah are names of men. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
|
||
21:17 d893 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The “lamp of Israel” is a metaphor that refers to David’s leadership and the idea that if David were to die, the people of Israel would have no clear direction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
21:18 i8h8 0 This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
|
||
21:18 ei1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
21:18 zih5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
21:18 zz7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
21:18 g7p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This people group was known for its giant warriors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
21:19 pv8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants 0 Some versions translate this as “Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed the brother of Goliath the Gittite.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
|
||
21:19 xl44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
21:19 x5yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
21:19 b7w9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 When a person was weaving a cloth he would run the threads through hooks attached to large sticks called a “weaver’s beam.” This means Goliath’s spear was larger than a normal spear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
21:20 nqr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “24 fingers and toes altogether” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
21:20 cka4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This people group was known for its giant warriors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
21:21 j56u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 These are names of men. Shimeah was David’s brother. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
21:22 mqg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “by the hand of” means “through” or “by.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
22:intro abcm 0 # 2 Samuel 22 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 22:2-51.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God rescued David\nGod rescued David when he thought he would die. He protected David, fought against his enemies, and enabled him to defeat his enemies.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\nDavid uses many metaphors to express his trust in God’s protection: “my rock, my fortress, my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold and my refuge.” He used other metaphors to express his hopelessness: “the waves of death surrounded me,” “the rushing waters of worthlessness overwhelmed me,” “the cords of sheol surrounded me;” “the snares of death trapped me,” and “the surging water.” He also used metaphors for the victory God gave him: “I can run over a barricade” and “by my God I can leap over a wall.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
|
||
22:1 vx4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 David’s song to Yahweh starts. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
22:1 sh9l 0 This is a progression from enemies in general to one specific enemy of David, King Saul.
|
||
22:1 gzu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This metonym means “out of the power of.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:2 t5y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This metaphor shows a progression from a part, “rock,” to the whole, “fortress.” A fortress is built of many large rocks. This means Yahweh has the strength to protect his people from harm. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:3 e7pg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
22:3 h8pd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 All of these metaphors are symbols of God’s strength and power. They emphasize God’s ability to protect and save his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:4 v4up rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who is worthy to receive praise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
22:4 p1jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will save me from my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
22:5 fm3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
22:5 xvj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 David compares the wicked men who wanted to kill him to flood waters that are about to drown him. These sentences have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
22:5 p6bv 0 This is a picture of fast-flowing flood waters that destroy everything in their path.
|
||
22:6 d6ka rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 David speaks about death and Sheol as if they are people who are trying to trap him as a hunter traps an animal. These phrases have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
22:7 iv59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
22:7 m7xw 0 “In my great trouble”
|
||
22:7 dv16 0 David is referring to the heavenly temple where Yahweh dwells. The earthly temple has not yet been built.
|
||
22:7 v2zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the metonym “his ears” refers to Yahweh and his hearing of David’s call for help. Alternate translation: “he heard my prayer for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:7 w8ts rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 David speaks of Yahweh as if he had ears. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
22:8 by1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
22:8 ai6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This is Yahweh’s response to David’s cry for help from his enemies ([1 Samuel 22:7](./07.md)). David uses the imagery of the earth shaking to emphasize Yahweh’s terrible anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:8 gxt8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 David speaks of the two extremes to include everything in creation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
22:8 x6xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because God’s anger shook them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
22:9 qf19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This is Yahweh’s response to David’s cry for help from his enemies ([1 Samuel 22:7](./07.md)). David uses the imagery of fire coming from Yahweh to emphasize Yahweh’s terrible anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:9 c8xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 David speaks of Yahweh as if he had these humans parts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
22:9 cq54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here Yahweh’s anger is compared to fire, which causes coals to ignite and burn. Alternate translation: “The flame from his mouth set coals on fire” or “He also sent burning coals from his mouth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:10 e2j2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
22:10 f5ym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 David describes Yahweh’s way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God’s power and his anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:10 pg86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 David speaks of God as having feet like humans. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
22:11 r4l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “He appeared on the wings of the wind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
22:11 gmc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This expression speaks of the wind as if it were a bird. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:12 mit5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 David describes Yahweh’s way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God’s power and his anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:12 ee39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here the darkness Yahweh creates is compared to a tent which hides him completely. Alternate translation: “He hid himself in the darkness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:13 x4bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
22:13 t957 0 Possible meanings are (1) “Out of his bright light he sent burning coals” or (2) “From his brightness he sent lightning”
|
||
22:13 g4lk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God’s power and anger towards David’s enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:14 d4ht rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
22:15 h783 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
22:15 i235 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 David compares the lightning from Yahweh’s storm to arrows that a soldier would use. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:15 rg2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God’s power and anger towards David’s enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:16 hl1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 This continues David’s song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
22:16 za11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 When Yahweh shouted in his attack against David’s enemies, it is compared to his power to create upheaval in the deepest parts of the ocean and the earth. This shows his great power and fierce anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
22:16 dcq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This means that the sea water moved and the ocean floor was visible. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People could see the channels of the sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
22:16 it2c 0 the deepest part of the sea, from which the Hebrews believed was where the water in the sea came
|
||
22:16 kcr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 David compares Yahweh’s anger to turbulent movements of the ground. “This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s rebuke, the breath of his nostrils, laid bare the foundations of the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
22:17 a1rh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 This continues David’s song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
22:17 kw87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 David compares his enemies to a flood that threatens to drown him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:18 lg3q 0 David’s enemies were overwhelming. He praises God for delivering him from all his enemies.
|
||
22:19 p8zw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 This continues David’s song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
22:19 zv1u 0 “My enemies fought against me when I was in great trouble”
|
||
22:19 nty3 0 “the time of my distress”
|
||
22:19 v9h4 0 “but Yahweh supported me” or “but Yahweh helped me”
|
||
22:20 yh2u 0 This refers to a place where there was no danger and his enemies could not trap him.
|
||
22:21 en85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “cleanness of my hands” means the same as “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “because I obey his commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:22 ui5d 0 David continues his song to Yahweh.
|
||
22:22 s787 0 Here “the ways of Yahweh” refers to how Yahweh wants his people to act. This means David has done what Yahweh commands.
|
||
22:23 ze3e 0 This means David constantly reads and thinks about God’s decrees.
|
||
22:24 fv6x 0 David continues his song to Yahweh.
|
||
22:24 j1e5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 This refers to choosing not to sin against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
22:25 qdu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 Here “my cleanness” means the same as “my righteousness.” Alternate translation: “because he knows that I have done what he commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:26 s5yt 0 David continues his song to Yahweh.
|
||
22:27 b64p 0 Here “perverse” means to be cunning or crafty, and “twisted” means to turn away from what is good and right. This means God is wise in how he deals with wicked people.
|
||
22:28 p62n 0 David continues his song to Yahweh.
|
||
22:28 yma2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 Here the metonym “your eyes” refers to what Yahweh sees. This means Yahweh watches the proud person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
22:28 b16y 0 “you destroy their pride”
|
||
22:29 h2zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 This metaphor compares Yahweh to a lamp, which means he gives David light and helps him to see when things seem hopeless. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:30 i7gq 0 David continues his song to Yahweh.
|
||
22:30 l2yd 0 Here “barricade” may refer to a group of soldiers or to a stone wall. Either way it means God enables David to defeat his enemies.
|
||
22:30 ul6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole 0 David is exaggerating to emphasize Yahweh’s help. Alternate translation: “I can climb over the wall that surrounds their city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
22:31 gj1g 0 “Everything Yahweh says is true”
|
||
22:31 udr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The metaphor “a shield” emphasizes God’s power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:32 ydz2 0 David continues his song to Yahweh.
|
||
22:32 p5ua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David uses this question to emphasize that there is no God apart from Yahweh. These may be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Yahweh alone is God. Our God alone is a rock.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
22:32 d37f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his strength and ability to protect his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:33 c5tv 0 Yahweh keeps the blameless person safe and removes anything that may harm him.
|
||
22:34 b4kp 0 David continues his song to Yahweh.
|
||
22:34 wm3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Here David’s feet are compared to those of a deer using exaggeration. Yahweh gives David the strength to move quickly and provides secure places for protection and rest. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
22:35 n5gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Both of these refer to David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
22:35 p7ie 0 Only a very strong man could use a bow made from metal.
|
||
22:36 ks2j 0 David continues his song to Yahweh.
|
||
22:36 ly9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 David compares Yahweh’s power to save him to a shield that protects a soldier from his enemy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:36 ae4t 0 God answered David’s prayers and granted him blessings and success over his enemies.
|
||
22:37 p573 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 Yahweh has put David in a safe place where his enemies cannot trap him. Here he refers to himself by his “feet” to emphasize his ability to stand securely. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
22:38 y311 0 David continues his song to Yahweh.
|
||
22:38 w4kt 0 “chased my enemies”
|
||
22:39 ax1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here David compares himself to a wild animal. Alternate translation: “I completely destroyed them like a wild animal devouring its prey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:39 e2qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “feet” refers to the power and control of victory over his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:40 u95h 0 David continues his song to Yahweh.
|
||
22:40 k5cg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Here the strength that Yahweh gives is compared to a belt for battle that allowed David to do mighty things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
22:40 ea24 0 “you helped me defeat those who fought against me”
|
||
22:41 p97v 0 Possible meanings are (1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or (2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemy’s neck after he defeats him.
|
||
22:41 ip4h 0 “I completely destroyed”
|
||
22:42 a9ti 0 David continues his song to Yahweh.
|
||
22:42 h32w 0 “My enemies cried”
|
||
22:42 c9qg 0 The time for Yahweh’s judgment had come upon them.
|
||
22:43 fum1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 This means that David completely destroyed his enemies. These two phrases “like dust on the ground” and “like mud on the streets” have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
22:44 ei29 0 David continues his song to Yahweh.
|
||
22:44 th42 0 This refers to those among the Israelites who rebelled against King David.
|
||
22:44 tjl8 0 “You placed me as ruler over the nations.” Here “nations” refers to other nations besides Israel.
|
||
22:44 p5i2 0 “A foreign people”
|
||
22:45 t5y6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Foreigners bowed down to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
22:47 u5bd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These sentences have similar meaning and are used for emphasis. These may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May everyone praise my rock. May everyone exalt God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
22:47 xr9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:48 z1qb 0 “the one who puts the people of other nations under my rule”
|
||
22:49 iu4b 0 “you saved me from my enemies and gave me honor”
|
||
22:49 e1y3 0 “from those who want to harm me”
|
||
22:50 r7zu 0 David concludes his song to Yahweh.
|
||
22:50 qk4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the metonym “name” refers to Yahweh’s reputation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
22:51 fz6y 0 Here David may be referring to the promises Yahweh made in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md)
|
||
23:intro abcn 0 # 2 Samuel 23 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:2-7.\n\n2 Samuel 23:8-39 is a list of the famous people in David’s army along with some of the special deeds some of them did. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Everlasting covenant\nThis is a reference to the covenant God previously made with David. (See: [2 Samuel 7](../07/01.md), [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]).
|
||
23:1 jk1i 0 This marks the beginning of a new section of the book.
|
||
23:1 lw9i 0 This refers to what David will say in 2 Samuel 23:2-7.
|
||
23:1 hvt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man whom the God of Jacob highly honored and anointed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
23:1 y2lz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 Anointing was done by pouring oil on a person’s head. This was done to choose who would serve God as king or priest. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||
23:1 khe9 0 This is a person who writes psalms or songs.
|
||
23:2 ey25 0 by David
|
||
23:2 r3yy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “on my tongue” is a metonym for David speaking. Alternate translation: “he gave me a message to speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
23:3 il6g 0 This continues David’s last words.
|
||
23:3 c9yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 Here the “God of Israel” is the same as the “Rock of Israel.” The two phrases say essentially the same thing. David compares God to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:3 w218 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These two sentences both say that the king will respect God and do what God wants him to do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
23:3 a7ac 0 “respecting God”
|
||
23:4 er3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Here God is comparing the king to the morning light and sunshine after the rain. These are all ways of saying this king would be a delight to God and a blessing for the people. These two phrases have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “He will be a delight to all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
23:5 rp1i 0 This continues David’s last words.
|
||
23:5 hef3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Here David is saying that he agrees with God. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family is indeed like this before God!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
23:5 n1tt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David acknowledges that God has made a covenant with him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “He has indeed made … way.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
23:5 gq5b 0 This means God’s covenant is properly organized and will not change so David’s family can trust it.
|
||
23:5 r8xz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David believes that God will always help him and cause him to prosper. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “He increases my salvation and gives me my every desire.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
23:6 abg3 0 This concludes David’s last words.
|
||
23:6 ic15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile 0 Here the wicked person is compared to useless thorns. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But the wicked person is worthless and dangerous like thorns we throw away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
23:6 dgn8 0 “because no one can pick them up with his hands without the thorns hurting him”
|
||
23:7 api5 0 “Where thorns are found, that is where they must be burned.” This means God will destroy wicked people.
|
||
23:8 ck79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. Other versions read Josheb Basshebeth, Jashobeam, Ishbaal, or Ishbosheth because various ancient copies have these variations. Translators may choose to say this in a footnote to their translation (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
23:8 pka9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a people group. Alternate translation: “son of Hachmon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
23:8 vbh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “800” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
23:9 lp1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This continues the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
23:10 lw96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 This means that the army returned after Eleazar returned from battle. Alternate translation: “The Israeli army returned to the battle field after Eleazer had already won the battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
23:10 jab4 0 “only to take what they wanted from the dead bodies of the enemies”
|
||
23:11 pm7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This continues the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
23:11 kv12 0 “a field where someone had planted lentils”
|
||
23:11 t6zi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown 0 a flat seed, eaten like beans (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||
23:11 dqs9 0 “the Israelite army ran away”
|
||
23:13 jyy8 0 These are not the same three soldiers mentioned in [2 Samuel 23:8-12](./08.md).
|
||
23:13 de7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “the 30” or “the thirty bravest Israelite soldiers.” The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
23:13 y5db rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 “cave near the town of Adullam.” Adullam is near Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
23:13 w9u8 0 This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 5:18](../05/18.md).
|
||
23:14 f68v 0 “in his protected place”
|
||
23:14 pej4 0 “some Philistines soldiers were controlling the village of Bethlehem”
|
||
23:16 r8yf 0 “fought their way through the enemy army”
|
||
23:17 nz91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David compares the water to blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Drinking this water would be like drinking the blood of those men who have risked their lives to bring it to me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:18 jjf7 0 These are the names of men. Translate them as in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
|
||
23:18 xve2 0 This means Abishai was the leader of the three who went and got water for David.
|
||
23:18 cs6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “300 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
23:18 gxa6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People often mentioned him when they spoke about the three bravest men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
23:19 ir5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This question is used to emphasize how famous he was. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “He was even more famous than the three.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
23:19 gph9 0 This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah. Abishai was not as famous as these soldiers.
|
||
23:20 l41w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
23:20 g72h 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
|
||
23:20 vqy6 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
23:22 k95v 0 “did these mighty deeds”
|
||
23:22 y87l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people praise him like they praised the three mighty men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
23:22 nbw7 0 This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah.
|
||
23:23 b1df rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “He was more famous than the other 30 soldiers except for the three best soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
23:23 l8t2 0 a group of soldiers in charge of guarding David
|
||
23:24 q89a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is a list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
23:24 h79d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “The 30 very famous soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
23:29 f94u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This continues the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
23:33 en3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This continues the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
23:37 ud59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This concludes the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
23:39 t6d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “there were 37 total” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
24:intro abco 0 # 2 Samuel 24 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Counting soldiers\nDavid ordered the leaders of his army to count how many men of fighting age there were. He was not supposed to do this because it showed he did not trust God. God was displeased and offered David three punishments. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
|
||
24:1 c86d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 The word “ignite” means start a fire. Here Yahweh’s anger is compared to that of a fire. Alternate translation: “the anger of Yahweh started to burn like a fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
24:1 dq6l 0 “he caused David to oppose them”
|
||
24:1 x6eq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 In the law of Moses, God prohibited the kings of Israel from taking a census of fighting men. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
24:2 u7bz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 This phrase uses two place names Dan, in the far north, and Beersheba, in the far south, to represent the entire country. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
24:2 fu4s 0 This means to count all the men except those men who are either too young, too old, or physically unable to fight.
|
||
24:3 qi23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 This means “produce 100 more people for every one person there is now.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
24:4 b9zy 0 Joab and the other commanders of King David’s army were not able to convince David to not take a census.
|
||
24:4 c8cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche 0 This phrase represents the king’s command to them. Alternate translation: “what the king had commanded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
24:5 h1bw 0 “Joab and the commanders of the army crossed”
|
||
24:5 pt7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This was a city on the northern edge of the Arnon River. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
24:5 zpx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is a town in Gad. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
24:6 wc3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This may refer to the town of Kadesh in the land of the Hittite people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
24:8 db36 0 “Joab and the commanders had gone”
|
||
24:8 i1gd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “9 months and 20 days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
24:9 qq68 0 “Then Joab told the king the total number of men ready for battle”
|
||
24:9 b91x 0 This refers to the northern tribes of Israel.
|
||
24:9 k78w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “eight hundred thousand … five hundred thousand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
24:9 t1ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 This metonym refers to the men who were ready to fight in the army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
24:9 e4ft 0 This refers to the southern tribe of Judah.
|
||
24:10 cb8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The “heart” here is a metonym for David’s emotions and conscience. Alternate translation: “David felt guilty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
24:10 bvb3 0 David refers to himself as “your servant.” This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority.
|
||
24:11 h1gv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this idiom in [2 Samuel 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to the prophet Gad, David’s seer. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to the prophet Gad, David’s seer:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
24:11 a4ac 0 This means Gad was the official prophet in the royal palace.
|
||
24:14 q8an 0 “I am in terrible trouble”
|
||
24:14 d6ux rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here “hands” refer to power or control. Alternate translation: “Let Yahweh and not people punish us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
24:15 jgc8 0 This is the time God decided he would stop the plague.
|
||
24:15 s22f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “70,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
24:15 gt1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 Here mentioning the city of Dan in the extreme north and the city Beersheba in the extreme south means the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
|
||
24:16 tl5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the metonym “hand” stands for the angel’s power. Alternate translation: “the angel was about to destroy the people in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
24:16 ap2v 0 This means that Yahweh stopped the evil that he was allowing the angel to do. Alternate translation: “Yahweh felt grieved about the harm”
|
||
24:16 x95i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The metonym “hand” stands for the angel’s power. Alternate translation: “Do not harm them any longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||
24:16 y4es rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||
24:16 ug3p 0 A threshing floor was a hard, flat surface where edible grain was separated from chaff.
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24:17 c2r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 These phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I have sinned terribly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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24:17 b9vn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 David uses a question and compares the people to sheep to emphasize that they have done nothing wrong. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “These ordinary people have done nothing wrong.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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24:17 e2dt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the metonym “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “Please punish me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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24:20 q15a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction 0 He was showing deep respect and honor to the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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24:21 r7k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh will remove this plague from the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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24:22 bwm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what you think is good” or “what is good in your judgement” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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24:22 p54x 0 heavy boards used to separate grain from the rest of the wheat plant
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24:24 m1m6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives 0 This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “I will only offer … something that I have paid for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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24:24 w2n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 0 “50 shekels.” A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
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24:25 xl51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 Here the metonym “land” stands for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “on behalf of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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24:25 lp9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God confined the plague that had been on Israel” or “God took the plague away from Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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