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But Peter stood up and said to them
The connecting word But introduces a contrast relationship. People said the disciples were drunk. But if they were drunk, you would not expect Peter to stand up and speak rationally and with authority. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast)
Listen to me!
Peter stated this command in order to cause the crowd to pay close attention to what he was going to tell them.
Joel
Joel was a prophet in Israel who lived hundreds of years before this happened.
God said, ‘In the last days, I will pour out my Spirit.’
This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “God said that in the last days, he would pour out his Spirit.” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes)
the last days
This refers to the final days before the end of the world.
I will pour out my Spirit
Here pour out is an idiom that means to give generously and abundantly. Alternate translation: “I will give my Spirit abundantly to all people” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)
my Spirit
This could mean my Holy Spirit.