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Some time later
The story transitions from Saul being king, to David becoming king. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent)
made him successful
That is, “helped him accomplish the good things he wanted to do.”
and God helped him defeat
The connecting word "and" is acting as more than a simple conjunction. It indicates that God's blessing on David included his military efforts. David won many battles not because he was a great soldier, though he was, but because God helped him defeat Israel's enemies. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords)
his capital city
That is, “the capital city of his kingdom.” David lived in Jerusalem and ruled from there. The entire city does not belong to David, but because David is the supreme government leader and because David captured Jerusalem and made it the capital, it is often described as his. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession)
capital city
It was the center of government for the country of Israel, it had the primary status above all the other cities in Israel. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowns)