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So Jacob sent his older sons to Egypt to buy food.

The connecting word “So” connects the result—Jacob send his sons to buy food, with the reason—the famine was bad in Canaan. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result)

his older sons

These were Joseph’s older brothers who had sold him into slavery.

did not recognize Joseph

They did not know that the man was Joseph, because now Joseph was much older than when they last saw him, and he was dressed as an Egyptian ruler.

But Joseph recognized them.

The connecting word “But” indicates a contrast relationship. It contrasts Joseph’s brothers not recognizing him with Joseph recognizing them. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast)