ml_tn/tn_TIT.tsv

Reference	ID	Tags	SupportReference	Quote	Occurrence	Note
front:intro	m2jl				0	# Introduction to Titus\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the Book of Titus\n\n1. Paul instructs Titus to appoint godly leaders. (1:1-16)\n2. Paul instructs Titus to train people to live godly lives. (2:1-3:11)\n3. Paul ends by sharing some of his plans and sending greetings to various believers. (3:12-15)\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Titus?\n\nPaul wrote the Book of Titus. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.\n\n### What is the Book of Titus about?\n\nPaul wrote this letter to Titus, his fellow worker, who was leading the churches on the island of Crete. Paul instructed him about selecting church leaders. Paul also described how the believers should behave towards each other. He also encouraged them all to live in a way that pleases God.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nTranslators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “Titus.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “Paul’s Letter to Titus” or “A Letter to Titus”. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### In what roles can people serve within the church?\n\nThere are some teachings in the Book of Titus about whether a woman or divorced man can serve in positions of leadership within the church. Scholars disagree about the meaning of these teachings. Further study on these issues may be necessary before translating this book.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Singular and plural **you**\n\nIn this book, the word **I** refers to Paul. Also, the word **you** is almost always singular and refers to Titus. The exception to this is 3:15. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])\n\n### What is the meaning of **God our Savior**?\n\nThis is a common phrase in this letter. Paul meant to make the readers think about how God forgave them in Christ for sinning against him, and by forgiving them he saved them from being punished when he judges all people. A similar phrase in this letter is **our great God and Savior Jesus Christ**.
1:intro	c7me				0	# Titus 01 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nPaul formally introduces this letter in verses 1-4. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.\n\nIn verses 6-9, Paul lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an elder in the church. (See: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns) Paul gives a similar list in 1 Timothy 3.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Elders\n\nThe church has used different titles for church leaders. Some titles include overseer, elder, pastor, and bishop.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Should, may, must\n\nThe ULT uses different words that indicate requirements or obligations. These verbs have different levels of force associated with them. The subtle differences may be difficult to translate. The UST translates these verbs in a more general way.
1:1	rtc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	κατὰ πίστιν	1	**Faith** is an abstract noun. Here it refers to believing or trusting in Jesus. If it is more clear in your language, you can translate it with a verb such as these, as in the UST. Alternate Translation: “to strengthen the faith” or “to help [God’s chosen people] to trust him more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1:1	xyz8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐπίγνωσιν	1	**Knowledge** is an abstract noun. If it is clearer in your language, you can use a verb such as “to know,” as in the UST. Paul wants people to know the true message about God and Christ so that they can live in a way that pleases God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1:1	abc8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἀληθείας	1	**Truth** is an abstract noun. If it is clearer in your language, you can use an adjective phrase such as “what is true” or “the true message.” Paul wants people to know the true message about God and Christ so that they can live in a way that pleases God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1:1	fyf8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῆς κατ’ εὐσέβειαν	1	**Godliness** is an abstract noun that refers to living in a way that pleases God. Alternate Translation: “that is suitable for honoring God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1:2	xyz9			ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίου	1	“that gives us the certain hope of everlasting life” or “based on our certain hope for everlasting life”
1:2	r2gj			πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων	1	“before time began”
1:3	b22h			καιροῖς ἰδίοις	1	“at the proper time”
1:3	swi9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐφανέρωσεν & τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ	1	Paul speaks of God’s word as if it were an object that could be visibly shown to people. Alternate translation: “He caused me to understand his message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:3	abc9			ἐν κηρύγματι	1	“through the proclamation of the message”
1:3	m41u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὃ ἐπιστεύθην ἐγὼ	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he entrusted to me” or “he gave me the responsibility to preach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1:3	dpn4			τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	“of God, who saves us”
1:3	xy18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1:4	gu55		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	γνησίῳ τέκνῳ	1	Though Titus was not Paul’s biological **son**, they share a common faith in Christ. Paul considers relationship to Christ through faith to be more important than biological relationship. Thus, because of their relative ages and shared faith in Christ, Paul considers Titus as his own son. It may also be that Paul led Titus to faith in Christ, and so Titus is like a son in this spiritual sense. Alternate translation: “you are like a son to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:4	wx6c			κοινὴν πίστιν	1	Paul and Titus both share the same faith in Christ. Alternate translation: “because we both believe in Christ”
1:4	h93t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη	1	This was a common greeting Paul used. You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “May you experience kindness and inner peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1:4	s3yr			Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν	1	“Christ Jesus who is our Savior”
1:4	xy17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1:5	ew8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	τούτου χάριν	1	The connecting phrase **for this purpose** introduces the goal that Paul wanted to accomplish when he left Titus in Crete (to ordain elders in the church). Alternate translation: “This is the reason” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
1:5	lh9b			ἀπέλιπόν σε ἐν Κρήτῃ	1	“I told you to stay in Crete”
1:5	ga62			ἵνα τὰ λείποντα ἐπιδιορθώσῃ	1	“so that you would finish arranging things that needed to be done”
1:5	b52u			καταστήσῃς & πρεσβυτέρους	1	“appoint elders” or “designate elders”
1:5	p56w			πρεσβυτέρους	1	In the early Christian churches, Christian elders gave spiritual leadership to the assemblies of believers. This word refers to people who are mature in faith.
1:6	wja4				0	Having told Titus to ordain elders in every city on the island of Crete, Paul then gives the requirements for elders.
1:6	jen8			εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἀνέγκλητος	1	This is the beginning of the description of the character of an elder. Titus is to choose men who fit the following description. To be **blameless** is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. Alternate translation: “An elder must be without blame” or “An elder must not have a bad reputation”
1:6	ab70		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	ἀνέγκλητος	1	To be **blameless** is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. Alternate translation: “without blame” This can also be stated positively: “a person who has a good reputation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1:6	q6uy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ	1	This means that he has only one wife, that is, he does not have any other wives or concubines. This also means that he does not commit adultery and may also mean that he has not divorced a previous wife. Alternate translation: “a man who has only one woman” or “a man who is faithful to his wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:6	wd6q			τέκνα & πιστά	1	Possible meanings are (1) children who believe in Jesus or (2) children who are trustworthy.
1:7	lz7x			τὸν ἐπίσκοπον	1	This is another name for the same position of spiritual leadership that Paul referred to as **elder** in 1:5. This term focuses on the function of the elder: he oversees the activities and people of the church.
1:7	g2zf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Θεοῦ οἰκονόμον	1	Paul speaks of the church as if it were God’s household, and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing that household. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:7	d6l1			μὴ πάροινον	1	“not an alcoholic” or “not one who drinks much wine”
1:7	j1qq			μὴ πλήκτην	1	“not one who is violent” or “not one who likes to fight”
1:8	i549		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἀλλὰ	1	The connecting word **instead** introduces a contrast between the things an elder is not to be (that Paul already stated), and the things an elder is to be (which Paul is about to state). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
1:8	vkq1			φιλάγαθον	1	“a person who loves to do good”
1:8	xy11		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	σώφρονα & ἐγκρατῆ	1	These two terms are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1:8	xy12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	δίκαιον, ὅσιον	1	These two terms are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1:9	xwy6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀντεχόμενον	1	Paul speaks of devotion to the Christian faith as if it were grasping the faith with one’s hands. Alternate translation: “He should be devoted to” or “He should know well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:9	xy10			κατὰ τὴν διδαχὴν	1	“that agrees with the things that we taught him”
1:9	abcj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	ἵνα	1	The connecting words **so that** introduce a goal or purpose relationship. The purpose for the elder to hold tightly to the trustworthy message is for him to be able to encourage others and rebuke those who oppose him. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
1:9	pzi1			τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ	1	The Greek word rendered at **sound** normally refers to physical health. Paul speaks of this teaching as if it would cause those who believe it to be spiritually healthy, rather than spiritually sick.
1:10	xsq9				0	Because of those that would oppose God’s word, Paul gives Titus reasons to preach God’s word and warns him about false teachers.
1:10	w9kk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀνυπότακτοι, ματαιολόγοι	1	These are rebellious people who do not obey the gospel message. Here **empty** is a metaphor for useless, and **empty talkers** are people who say useless or foolish things. Alternate translation: “people who refuse to obey and who say useless things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:10	ga6n			φρεναπάται	1	This phrase describes people who are actively trying to convince people to believe in something other than the true gospel that Paul preaches. Alternate translation: “people who persuade others to believe things that are not true”
1:10	abcd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	ματαιολόγοι, καὶ φρεναπάται	1	Both **empty talkers** and **deceivers** refer to the same people. They taught false, worthless things and wanted people to believe them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1:10	pu74		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς	1	This refers to the Jewish Christians who taught that men must be circumcised in order to follow Christ. This teaching is false. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:11	f4iy			οὓς δεῖ ἐπιστομίζειν	1	“You must prevent them from spreading their teachings” or “Someone must stop them from influencing others by their words”
1:11	aqi5			ὅλους οἴκους ἀνατρέπουσιν	1	**They are ruining entire families**. The issue was that they were leading families away from the truth and destroying their faith.
1:11	tw4e			διδάσκοντες ἃ μὴ δεῖ	1	These are things that are not proper to teach regarding Christ and the Law because they are not true.
1:11	at7c			αἰσχροῦ κέρδους χάριν	1	This refers to profit that people make by doing things that are not honorable.
1:12	tr1j			τις ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης	1	“A Cretan that they themselves consider to be a prophet”
1:12	y3zb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται	1	“Cretans lie all the time”. This is an exaggeration that means that Cretans had a reputation to be liars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1:12	h3jb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	κακὰ θηρία	1	This metaphor compares the Cretans to dangerous wild animals. Alternate translation: “as dangerous as wild animals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:12	xyz1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	γαστέρες ἀργαί	1	The part of the body that stores food is used to represent the person who eats all the time. Alternate translation: “lazy gluttons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:13	fif8			δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ἔλεγχε αὐτοὺς ἀποτόμως	1	“For that reason, you must use strong language that the Cretans will understand when you correct them”
1:13	abck		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν	1	The connecting words **for this reason** introduce a reason-result relationship. The reason is that what the Cretan prophet said about his people is true (they are liars, evil, and lazy), and the result is that Titus should rebuke them severely. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
1:13	je3r			ἵνα ὑγιαίνωσιν ἐν τῇ πίστει	1	See note on **sound** in [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Alternate translation: “so they will have a healthy faith” or “so their faith may be true” or “so that they believe only what is true about God”
1:13	abcl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ἵνα	1	The connecting words **so that** introduce a reason-result relationship. The reason is the elder rebukes the Cretans severely, and the result is the Cretans become sound in the faith. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
1:13	xyz2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν τῇ πίστει	1	Here the abstract noun **faith** represents the things that the people believe about God. Alternate translation: “in what they believe about God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1:14	abcm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	μὴ	1	The connecting word **not** introduces a contrast to being “sound in the faith” in the previous verse. In order to be sound in the faith, the people must not pay any attention to the Jewish myths or the commands of people who do not follow the truth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
1:14	p28i			Ἰουδαϊκοῖς μύθοις	1	This refers to the false teaching of the Jews.
1:14	m4a5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀποστρεφομένων τὴν ἀλήθειαν	1	Paul speaks of the truth as if it were an object that one could turn away from or avoid. Alternate translation: “reject the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:15	qtb9			πάντα καθαρὰ τοῖς καθαροῖς	1	“If people are pure on the inside, everything that they do will be pure” or “When people have only good thoughts, nothing that they do will offend God”
1:15	nx42			τοῖς καθαροῖς	1	“To those who are acceptable to God”
1:15	abcn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast between people who are pure and people who are corrupt and unbelieving. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
1:15	n3wk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοῖς & μεμιαμμένοις καὶ ἀπίστοις, οὐδὲν καθαρόν	2	Paul speaks of sinners as if they were physically dirty. Alternate translation: “if people are morally defiled and do not believe, they cannot do anything pure” or “when people are full of sin and unbelief, nothing that they do is acceptable to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:16	abco		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast between what these corrupt people say (they know God) and what their actions show (they do not know God). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
1:16	i3l2			τοῖς & ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται	1	“how they live proves that they do not know him”
1:16	ja47			βδελυκτοὶ ὄντες	1	“They are disgusting”
2:intro	h3il				0	# Titus 02 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Gender roles\n\nScholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage.\n\n### Slavery\n\nPaul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches slaves to faithfully serve their masters. He teaches all believers to be godly and live rightly in every situation.
2:1	lfu1				0	Paul continues giving Titus reasons to preach God’s word, and explains how the older men, older women, young men, and slaves or servants should live as believers.
2:1	tpi2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	σὺ δὲ	1	**You** here is singular and refers to Titus. If it is helpful, you can include the name “Titus” here as in the UST ([[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:1	ph2j			τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ	1	See the note on [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Alternate translation: “sound doctrine” or “with correct teachings”
2:2	xyz3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	πρεσβύτας & εἶναι	1	The Greek does not have **are**, but only **older men to be**. We need to supply a verb here, drawing from the idea of **speak** in the previous verse, such as **teach** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “Teach older men to be” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2:2	xy13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	νηφαλίους & σεμνούς, σώφρονας	1	These three words are very close in meaning and may be combined into one or two terms if the target language does not have three separate terms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2:2	xc6t			νηφαλίους	1	“sober-minded” or “self-controlled”
2:2	y3j2			εἶναι & σώφρονας	1	“to … control their desires”
2:2	abc1			ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει	1	Here the word **sound** means to be firm and unwavering. See the note about **sound** on [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1) and the note about **sound in faith** on [Titus 1:13](../01/13/je3r).
2:2	m14y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει	1	The abstract noun **faith** can be stated as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “firmly believe the true teachings about God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:2	z14y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ἀγάπῃ	1	The abstract noun **love** can be stated as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “truly love others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:2	a14y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ὑπομονῇ	1	The abstract noun **perseverance** can be stated as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “and continually serve God even when things are difficult” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:3	gl8e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	πρεσβύτιδας ὡσαύτως	1	The Greek does not have **are to be**, but only **older women likewise**. We need to continue the verbal idea from the previous two verses and apply that here, as well, such as **teach** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “In the same way, teach older women” or “Also teach older women” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2:3	v9cp			διαβόλους	1	This word refers to people who say bad things about other people whether they are true or not.
2:3	g9re		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας	1	People who cannot control themselves and drink too much wine are spoken of as if they were a slave to the wine. Alternate translation: “or controlled by their desire for wine” or “or addicted to wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:3	xyz4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “or drinking too much wine” or “or addicted to wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:3	abc4			καλοδιδασκάλους	1	The Greek word used here means “a teacher of what is good”. The phrase **but to be** has been added in the English to contrast this good quality with the two preceding bad qualities. Consider if you need to use a similar word to make a contrast between the good and bad qualities.
2:4	abc5			φιλάνδρους	1	“lovers of their own husbands”
2:4	abca			φιλοτέκνους	1	“lovers of their own children”
2:5	abcb			ὑποτασσομένας τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν	1	“and to obey their own husbands”
2:5	t5v6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται	1	**Word** here is a metonym for “message”, which in turn is a metonym for God himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:5	abcq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one insults the word of God” or “so that no one insults God by saying bad things about his message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:6	i3hv			ὡσαύτως	1	Titus was to train the younger men just as he was to train the older people.
2:7	x73u			σεαυτὸν παρεχόμενος	1	“show yourself to be” or “you yourself must be”
2:7	ym6x			τύπον καλῶν ἔργων	1	“as an example of one who does right and proper things”
2:8	xy14			ὑγιῆ	1	This word has the same basic meaning as **uncorrupted** in 2:7. In 2:7, Paul states the meaning negatively: **uncorrupted**, meaning, **without error**, and in 2:8 he states the meaning positively: **sound, whole**, meaning **correct**. Both terms refer to Titus’s teaching. Use either positive or negative terms in the target language, or use one term with this meaning in both places if it is difficult to use two terms.
2:8	xt6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	ἵνα ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας ἐντραπῇ	1	This presents a hypothetical situation in which someone opposes Titus and then becomes ashamed for having done so. Alternate translation: “so that if anyone opposes you, he may be ashamed” or “so that when people oppose you, they may be ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2:8	xy15		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2:9	xyz5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	δούλους ἰδίοις δεσπόταις ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	The Greek does not have **are**, but only **slaves to be subject to their masters**. We need to apply the verbal idea from verse 6 to here, which is **urge** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “Exhort slaves to be subject to their masters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2:9	ntp7			ἰδίοις δεσπόταις	1	“their own masters”
2:9	abcc			ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	“must obey”
2:9	if6v			ἐν πᾶσιν	1	“in every situation” or “always”
2:9	id15			εὐαρέστους εἶναι	1	“to please their masters” or “to satisfy their masters”
2:10	abc6			μὴ νοσφιζομένους	1	“not to steal from their masters”
2:10	t87j			πᾶσαν πίστιν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἀγαθήν	1	“to show that they are worthy of their masters’ trust”
2:10	h2n6			ἐν πᾶσιν	1	“in everything they do”
2:10	f8jy			τὴν διδασκαλίαν τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ, κοσμῶσιν	1	“they may make the teaching about God our Savior attractive” or “they may cause people to understand that the teaching about God our Savior is good”
2:10	pn93			τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	“our God who saves us”
2:10	xy16		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	Here, **our** is inclusive of Paul, Titus, and all Christians (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2:11	y44u				0	Paul encourages Titus to look for Jesus’ coming and remember his authority through Jesus.
2:11	gp2z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ἐπεφάνη & ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Paul speaks of the grace of God as if it were a person who has arrived. See the UST for other ways to express this. Alternate translation: “God is now offering his grace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2:12	qy8k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	παιδεύουσα ἡμᾶς	1	Paul speaks of the grace of God (2:11) as if it were a person who trains other people how to live holy lives. Alternate translation: “by which God trains us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2:12	abce		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2:12	lxb3			τὴν ἀσέβειαν	1	“things that dishonor God”
2:12	n3k5			τὰς κοσμικὰς ἐπιθυμίας	1	“strong desires for the things of this world” or “strong desires for sinful pleasures”
2:12	xy19			ἀσέβειαν & εὐσεβῶς	1	These terms are direct opposites, meaning **God-dishonoring** and **God-honoring**, respectively.
2:12	fk8j			ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰῶνι	1	“while we live in this world” or “during this time”
2:13	rz93			προσδεχόμενοι	1	***waiting to welcome***
2:13	xyz6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα	1	Here, what is **blessed** is that for which we hope, which is the return of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “the wonderful thing for which we hope” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:13	pss7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	Here, **glory** represents Jesus himself who will appear gloriously. Alternate translation: “that is, the glorious appearance of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:13	abcf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα, καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης	1	Both **blessed hope** and **appearing of the glory** refer to the same event. This can be shown clearly. Alternate translation: “what we are longing for, the blessed and glorious appearing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2:13	xyz7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	Both **our great God** and **Savior** refer to the one person, Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “Jesus Christ, our great God and Savior” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2:14	niu4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν	1	This refers to Jesus dying willingly. Alternate translation: “gave himself to die for us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:14	xy20		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2:14	gxe7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	λυτρώσηται ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀνομίας	1	Paul speaks of Jesus as if he were setting slaves free from their evil master. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:14	xy21		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2:14	fjy1			λαὸν περιούσιον	1	“a group of people that he treasures”
2:14	ii18			ζηλωτὴν	1	“who are eager to do”
2:15	abc7			παρακάλει	1	“encourage them to do these things”
2:15	b94z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔλεγχε, μετὰ πάσης ἐπιταγῆς	1	If it is helpful, the people whom Titus should correct can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Correct with all authority those people who do not do these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:15	h15y			μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω	1	“Do not allow anyone to ignore you”
2:15	xy22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω	1	This can be stated positively: “Make sure that everyone listens to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2:15	jbu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	σου περιφρονείτω	1	The way that people would disregard Titus can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “refuse to listen to your words” or “refuse to respect you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:intro	zh6x				0	# Titus 03 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nPaul gives Titus personal instructions in this chapter.\n\nVerse 15 formally concludes this letter. This is a common way of ending a letter in the ancient Near East.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Genealogies\n\nGenealogies (verse 9) are lists that record a person’s ancestors or descendants, and show from what tribe and family a person came. For example, priests came from the tribe of Levi and the family of Aaron. Some of these lists included stories of ancestors and even of spiritual beings. These lists and stories were used to argue about where things came from and about how important various people were.
3:1	y9tr				0	Paul continues giving Titus instructions on how to teach the elders and people under his care in Crete.
3:1	j2sa			ὑπομίμνῃσκε αὐτοὺς & ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	“Tell our people again what they already know, to submit” or “Keep reminding them to submit”
3:1	w3fy			ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις, ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν	1	“Do as the political rulers and government authorities say by obeying them”
3:1	wa9x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις	1	These words have similar meanings and both refer to anyone who holds authority in the government. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3:1	xy25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν	1	These words have similar meanings and both refer to doing what someone tells you to do. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3:1	in7u			πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἑτοίμους εἶναι	1	“be ready to do good whenever there is opportunity”
3:2	lug7			βλασφημεῖν	1	“to speak evil of”
3:2	abcx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	ἀμάχους εἶναι	1	This can be stated positively: “to be peaceful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
3:3	m9zd			ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς	1	“This is because we ourselves were once”
3:3	me7b			ποτε	1	“formerly” or “at some time” or “previously”
3:3	bl8e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	“even we” or “we ourselves” This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians, referring to the time before they trusted in Christ. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
3:3	rrx9			ἦμεν & ἀνόητοι	1	“were thoughtless” or “were unwise”
3:3	qt8f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις	1	Passion and pleasure are spoken of as if they were masters over people and had made those people into slaves by lying to them. Alternate translation: “We had allowed ourselves to believe the lie that various passions and pleasures could make us happy, and then we were unable to control our feelings or stop doing things we thought would give us pleasure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3:3	xy27		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις	1	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “various passions and pleasures had lied to us and so led us astray” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:3	tl5n			ἐπιθυμίαις	1	“lusts” or “desires”
3:3	dec4			ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες	1	Here, **evil** and **envy** describe sin. **Evil** is general and **envy** is a specific kind of sin. Alternate translation: “We were always doing evil things and wanting what others have”
3:3	y5lp			στυγητοί	1	“causing others to hate us”
3:4	xy28		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	It is important to mark the contrast here between the evil way that people are (verses 1-3) and the goodness of God (verses 4-7) (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
3:4	ba5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ὅτε & ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	Paul speaks of God’s kindness and love as if they were people that came into our sight. Alternate translation: “When God our Savior showed us his kindness and love for people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3:4	abcg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ὅτε & ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	The abstract nouns **kindness** and **love** can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “when God, who saves us, showed how kind and loving he would be to mankind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:4	abch		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
3:5	n4ug			κατὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος	1	“because he had mercy on us”
3:5	k1a6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	λουτροῦ παλινγενεσίας	1	Paul combines two metaphors here. He is speaking of God’s forgiveness for sinners as if he were physically washing them clean from their sin. He is also speaking of sinners who become responsive to God as if they had been born again. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:6	fby9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οὗ ἐξέχεεν ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς πλουσίως	1	It is common for New Testament writers to speak of the Holy Spirit as a liquid that God can pour out in large amounts. Alternate translation: “whom God gave to us generously” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:6	xy24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
3:6	q9ze			διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν	1	“when Jesus Christ saved us”
3:6	xy23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
3:7	di3g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	δικαιωθέντες	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “since God has declared us to be without sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:7	q1cm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	κληρονόμοι γενηθῶμεν, κατ’ ἐλπίδα ζωῆς αἰωνίου	1	The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit the things promised, just as a person inherits property or possessions from a family member. Alternate translation: “we might expect to receive the eternal life that God has promised us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:8	j8md			ὁ λόγος	1	This message is the one just expressed in verses 4-7, that God freely gives the Holy Spirit and eternal life to believers through Jesus.
3:8	xy29			τούτων	1	This refers to the teachings that Paul has talked about in verses 1-7. Alternate translation: “these teachings that I have just talked about”
3:8	kqm6			φροντίζωσιν καλῶν ἔργων, προΐστασθαι	1	“may seek to do good works”
3:9	tzh9				0	Paul explains what Titus should avoid and how to treat those who cause contention among the believers.
3:9	j1hf			δὲ & περιΐστασο	1	“So avoid” or “Therefore, avoid”
3:9	xnf9			μωρὰς & ζητήσεις	1	“arguments concerning unimportant matters”
3:9	qk66			γενεαλογίας	1	This is the study of family kinship relationships. See the Introduction to Titus.
3:9	xu7f			ἔρεις	1	arguments or fights
3:9	ky3n			νομικὰς	1	“about the law of Moses”
3:10	x3fh			αἱρετικὸν ἄνθρωπον & παραιτοῦ	1	“Stay away from a person who causes division”
3:10	xzx1			μετὰ μίαν καὶ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν	1	“after you have warned that person once or twice”
3:11	r7pc			ὁ τοιοῦτος	1	“a person like that”
3:11	inh5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐξέστραπται	1	Paul speaks of someone who chooses to do wrong things as if he were leaving the right path to walk in the wrong direction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:11	p81k			ὢν αὐτοκατάκριτος	1	“bringing judgment on himself”
3:12	z7i4				0	Paul closes the letter by telling Titus what to do after he appoints elders in Crete and by giving greetings from those with him.
3:12	mba6			ὅταν πέμψω	1	“After I send”
3:12	c32w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἀρτεμᾶν & Τυχικόν	1	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:12	knt1			σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν	1	“come quickly”
3:12	xy30			σπούδασον	1	The verb is singular and directed at Titus alone. Artemas or Tychicus would stay in Crete, probably to take Titus’ place.
3:12	gdw9			παραχειμάσαι	1	“to stay for the winter”
3:13	a46f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ζηνᾶν & Ἀπολλῶν	1	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:13	s757			καὶ Ἀπολλῶν	1	“and also Apollos”
3:13	j496			σπουδαίως πρόπεμψον	1	“Do not delay in sending”
3:13	xy31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	ἵνα μηδὲν αὐτοῖς λείπῃ	1	This can be stated positively: “so that they have everything that they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
3:14	v7wg				0	Paul explains that it is important for all believers to provide for those who have needs.
3:14	fw98			οἱ ἡμέτεροι	1	Paul is referring to the believers in Crete. Alternate translation: “our own people”
3:14	xy33		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	οἱ ἡμέτεροι	1	Here, **our** includes Paul and Titus. The form should be either dual or inclusive. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
3:14	tn24			εἰς τὰς ἀναγκαίας χρείας	1	“that enable them to help people who lack necessary things”
3:14	mji4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι	1	Paul speaks of people doing good work as if they were trees bearing good fruit. Alternate translation: “so that they will not lead useless lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:14	xy32		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι	1	This can be stated positively: “in this way they will be fruitful” or “in this way they will be productive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
3:15	j3y2				0	Paul ends his letter to Titus.
3:15	abci			ἀσπάζονταί σε	1	Here, **you** is singular–this is a personal greeting to Titus.
3:15	k1sa			οἱ μετ’ ἐμοῦ πάντες	1	“All the people who are with me” or “all of the believers who are here with me”
3:15	f4vc			τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς ἐν πίστει	1	Possible meanings are: (1) “the believers who love us” or (2) “the believers who love us because we share the same belief”.
3:15	xy35		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	Here, **us** is probably exclusive and refers to Paul and the group of Christians with him. Paul is sending greetings from this group to the group of Christians that is with Titus on Crete. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
3:15	kx83			ἡ χάρις μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν	1	This was a common Christian greeting. Alternate translation: “May God’s grace be with you” or “I ask that God will be gracious to all of you”
3:15	xy34			ὑμῶν	1	Here, **you** is plural. This blessing is for Titus and all of the believers there in Crete.