ml_tn/tn_PSA.tsv

1	Reference	ID	Tags	SupportReference	Quote	Occurrence	Note
2	front:intro	rx9u				0	Introduction to Psalms Part 1: General Introduction Outline of Psalms Book One (Psalms 1-41) Book Two (Psalms 42-72) Book Three (Psalms 73-89) Book Four (Psalms 90-106) Book Five (Psalms 107-150) What is the Book of Psalms? The Book of Psalms is a collection of songs. People called psalmists wrote them for different reasons. In some psalms, the psalmists expressed their praise for God. In other psalms, they asked God for help and expressed confidence in his love and power. In others, they confessed their sins and begged for mercy. The Israelites wrote some psalms to ask Yahweh to defeat their enemies. Other psalms celebrated the event of a new king beginning his reign. Psalmists also wrote to praise the city of Jerusalem. They wrote some psalms to instruct people on how to be wise by honoring Yahweh and obeying his law. Also, pilgrims sang some of the psalms while traveling to Jerusalem to worship there. Some psalms became songs of praise in the temple worship of Yahweh. How should the title of this book be translated? Translators can use the traditional title of this book, “The Book of Psalms” or just “Psalms.” Another title of this book is “Songs of Praise.” Translators may express this meaning in their own languages, or they may choose to use or transliterate the name from another language version if it is well known. For example, the French title “Les Psaumes” might be understood by everyone in a project language, if French is the language of wider communication in the region. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) When was the Book of Psalms written? The Psalms were written over a long period of time. Moses probably wrote the earliest psalm around 1400 B.C. David and Asaph wrote their psalms between 1020 and 975 B.C. The Korahites may have written their psalms before Jerusalem was destroyed and the Jews were exiled to Babylon in 587 B.C. Psalm 126 appears to come from the period after the exile, which ended in 538 B.C. What are the Messianic psalms? Some psalms are called “Messianic psalms.” New Testament writers considered these psalms to prophesy about the Messiah, Jesus Christ. They cited Psalms 2, 8, 16, 22, 34, 40, 41, 45, 68, 69, 89, 102, 109, 110, and 118 at least one time each in the New Testament. What are superscriptions in the Psalms? Many psalms give some information called superscriptions before the beginning of the psalm. Some of the expressions in the superscriptions are difficult to understand, so modern versions often have different interpretations of them. Seventy-three psalms are called “A psalm of David.” This may mean they were written by King David. Or, it could mean someone wrote them for David or in the style that David used when he composed poetry. The superscriptions of some psalms give the historical situations in which they were written. Some superscriptions give instructions about how they should be played and sung. They tell which instruments, singers, or melodies that should be used for that psalm. Fifty-five psalms are addressed “to the choirmaster” or “chief musician.” The psalmists seem to have meant them to be used in temple worship. Traditionally, English versions do not give verse numbers to the superscriptions. But many versions in other languages do. Whether or not translators give them verse numbers, they should consider the superscriptions in the Psalms as part of the divinely inspired biblical text. Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts What are some important ways in which Yahweh is pictured in the Book of Psalms? The psalmists often pictured Yahweh as: a king who rules over the nation of Israel and over all the nations a shepherd who leads the people of Israel and also the individual psalm writers a “rock,” that is, a high rocky mountain on which people can be completely safe from their enemies a strong warrior who always defeats his enemies. What is the importance of honor and shame in the Book of Psalms? When people honor someone, they think well of him and may even admire him. On the other hand, if people shame someone, that person loses honor and is disgraced. Psalmists often expressed a great desire that Yahweh would be honored by the Israelites and also by the rest of the world. Also, psalmists often expressed fear that they would be shamed by their enemies. When they felt this way, the psalmists wrote of their trust that Yahweh would not allow this to happen. Part 3: Important Translation Issues Why do the ULT and UST display the Book of Psalms as poetry, but some modern versions do not? The psalmists wrote the Psalms as Hebrew poetry. The ULT and UST set each line farther to the right on the page than regular text is placed to show that the writing is poetry rather than prose. This style typically uses pairs of poetic lines that relate to each other in different ways. Usually, poetic lines are said to be “parallel” to each other. A line that is indented farther to the right is paired with the line above it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) Translators will have to decide whether to present the Psalms as poetry or as prose in their own language. Translators will need to consider whether their language has poetic forms that are suitable for expressing the Psalms. Why do some versions number the Psalms differently than others? From ancient times, people have numbered the Psalms in different ways. The Jews numbered the Psalms in Hebrew in one way. When they translated the Psalms into Greek, they numbered them in a different way. As a result, the Hebrew numbering and the Greek numbering of Psalms were both passed down through the centuries. They are both still in use today. Translators will probably want to number the Psalms in the same way that most versions in their own country do. How should the translator view the terms Selah and Higgaion that occur in various psalms? “Selah” and “Higgaion” seem to be musical terms inserted as directions for singers and musicians. Scholars do not agree as to their meaning. For this reason, translators may decide to transliterate them or leave them out but not try to translate them.
3	1:intro	fan4				0	Psalm 001 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 1 is usually considered to be a “wisdom psalm,” which gives advice to those who hear it read or sung. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapter Blessed A main theme in this psalm is what it means to be blessed. Here “blessed” refers to anyone who is well off because of a good relationship to God. The contrasting theme is that there are ungodly people, those who refuse to honor God. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) People who opposed Yahweh There are several words in this psalm for those who oppose God: “the wicked” (those who do evil), “sinners” (those who ignore God’s law), and “mockers” (those who mock God and the righteous people). (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
4	1:1	w56f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5	1:1	gz4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The “advice of the wicked” is spoken of as if it were a path to follow. Alternate translation: “who does not follow the advice of the wicked” or “who does not do what wicked people advise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6	1:1	uqr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the word “pathway” represents the way people live. The word “stand” is in parallel with “walk.” Alternate translation: “imitate the behavior of sinful people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7	1:1	nk2a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Sitting with people who mock God represents joining people who mock God. Alternate translation: “or join those who mock God” or “or mock God with others who mock him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8	1:2	izu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “delight” is an abstract noun that can be stated as a verb. A person who can “delight … in the law” is happy because the law is good and because one is obeying it. Alternate translation: “what makes him truly happy is the law of Yahweh” or “what makes him truly happy is to know that he is obeying the law of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
9	1:2	ns4k				0	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
10	1:3	t59m				0	This passage introduces an elaborate image in which a righteous person is thought of in terms of a flourishing tree.
11	1:3	d83j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	In the Bible, people are often spoken of as trees. People who delight in Yahweh’s law can do all God wants them to do just as a tree that is planted by water produces good fruit. Alternate translation: “He will be prosperous like a tree … fruit in its season” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
12	1:3	wir5				0	A tree that is planted by a stream can get enough water to be healthy.
13	1:3	tag1				0	Healthy trees produce good fruit at the right time.
14	1:3	xf3j				0	If a tree gets enough water, its leaves do not dry out and die.
15	1:3	c784				0	“He will be successful at whatever he does”
16	1:4	g6a7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	How they are not like that can be stated clearly. “The wicked are not prosperous” or “The wicked do not prosper” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17	1:4	lnx8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	How they are like chaff can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “but instead they are worthless like the chaff” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
18	1:5	atv6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) not standing in the judgment is a metonym for being judged by God and having to leave his presence. Alternate translation: “will not continue to stay before God when he judges them” or “will have to leave God’s presence when he judges them as guilty” or (2) not standing in the judgment is a metaphor for being condemned in the judgment. “Alternate translation: “will be condemned in the judgment” or “will be condemned when God judges them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19	1:5	va3s				0	The noun judgment can be expressed as a verb. This probably refers to the final judgment when God judges all people. Alternate translation: “when God judges everyone”
20	1:5	x8sk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	Translators can supply the verb “stand.” Alternate translation: “neither will sinners stand in the assembly of the righteous” or “and sinners will not stand in the assembly of the righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
21	1:5	nr84		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Being accepted by God as righteous is spoken of as standing with the group of righteous people. Alternate translation: “and God will not accept sinners along with the righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22	1:6	wmx7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two clauses contrast what happens to righteous people with what happens to wicked people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
23	1:6	cxy6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	How people live is spoken of as if it were a “way” or “road” that they are walking on. Alternate translation: “how the righteous live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24	1:6	jy56		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	How people live and what they do is spoken of as if it were a “way” or “road” that they walk on. Possible meanings are (1) the way perishing represents the wicked perishing because of how they live. Alternate translation: “The wicked will die because of how they live” or (2) the way perishing is a metaphor for no longer being able to live the way they do. Alternate translation: “the wicked will no longer be able to live the way they live” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
25	2:intro	z14u				0	Psalm 002 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 2 is usually considered a royal psalm because it is about the king. It was probably first sung when a new person became the king. It is often thought to be about the Messiah because of verse 6 and 7 reference the Son of God. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s protection The main theme of this psalm is that God is protecting and empowering the king he has appointed and that it is useless for the foreign nations to oppose God and his king. Important figures of speech in this chapter Metaphor “Today I have begotten you” here is a metaphor meaning that God acknowledges the king as his special person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26	2:1	bht4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
27	2:1	e4gn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	These questions are used to show surprise that the people are doing things that are so wrong and foolish. Alternate translation: “The nations are in turmoil and the peoples are making plots that will fail.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
28	2:1	zq9d				0	This probably means that the nations were making a noisy and angry commotion.
29	2:1	hd4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This represents either the leaders or the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
30	2:1	jxy7				0	These are probably plots against God and his people.
31	2:2	ag3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
32	2:2	pt5v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	These phrases mean the same thing, implying that the leaders stand together in order to fight against Yahweh and his Messiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “gather to fight … plan together to revolt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
33	2:3	xw9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The people of other nations speak of Yahweh and the Messiah’s rule over them as if it were shackles and chains. Alternate translation: “We should free ourselves from their control; we should not let them rule over us any longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
34	2:4	e8l8				0	These phrases refer to Yahweh. Yahweh is often called “the Lord” but the words for “Yahweh” and “the Lord” are different.
35	2:4	t9zx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here sitting represents ruling. What he sits on can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “rules in the heavens” or “sits on his throne in heaven” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
36	2:4	zyd3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	“the Lord mocks those people.” Why he mocks them can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The Lord mocks them for their foolish plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
37	2:5	z631		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “rage” can be stated as “furious.” Alternate translation: “he will be furious and terrify them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
38	2:5	jjb4				0	greatly frighten
39	2:6	emc4				0	Yahweh is emphasizing that he, and not someone else, has anointed his king.
40	2:6	v3q9				0	“appointed my king to rule”
41	2:7	d5l7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The person saying this is the king. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The king says, ‘I will announce a decree of Yahweh.’ He” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
42	2:7	h869				0	“Yahweh said to me”
43	2:7	qp2j				0	Among many peoples in that part of the world then, men could decide to legally adopt children, who would become their heirs. Here Yahweh adopts a man and makes him king of Israel. Alternate translation: “I make you my son. This day I have become your father” or “Now you are my son and am your father”
44	2:8	sy59				0	Yahweh continues speaking to the new king of Israel.
45	2:8	vjb5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These phrases express very similar ideas. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
46	2:8	cv7i				0	“the lands that are very far away”
47	2:9	uaa7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These phrases express very similar ideas. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
48	2:9	at9u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Defeating the nations is spoken of as breaking them, and his power is spoken of as an iron rod. Alternate translation: “You will defeat them completely by your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
49	2:9	a2x4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Destroying nations is spoken of as if they could be smashed like a clay jar. Alternate translation: you will completely destroy them like a clay pot” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
50	2:9	ggd3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown		0	A potter is a person who makes clay pots and jars. These are fragile and can be broken easily. Alternate translation: “a clay jar” or “a clay pot” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
51	2:10	upx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “So now, you kings and rulers of the earth, be warned and corrected” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
52	2:10	j2nx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “listen to this warning” or “be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
53	2:10	nyh6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “listen to this correction” or “take this correction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
54	2:12	w4m8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	People would show their king that they were loyal to him by kissing him, perhaps on the feet. Alternate translation: “Show the son that you are truly loyal to him” or “Bow down humbly before his son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
55	2:12	v3bs				0	This may refer to dying right there, before the person has a chance to go away. Alternate translation: “you will die immediately”
56	2:12	l654		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The king’s anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that could burn. Alternate translation: “when he suddenly becomes very angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
57	2:12	ty9p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asking the king for protection is spoken of as seeking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “ask the king to protect them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
58	3:intro	py7j				0	Psalm 003 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 3 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a morning song intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during morning worship. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s protection Although the psalmist has many enemies and is saying he is without help, God is protecting him and delivering him from danger.
59	3:1	ylp1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
60	3:1	g1yb				0	Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
61	3:1	xp7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations		0	This exclamation shows that David is afraid of his enemies. Alternate translation: “Oh Yahweh, I have so many enemies!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
62	3:1	cj3u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Fighting against someone is spoken of as rising against him. Alternate translation: “come against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
63	3:3	mj2u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A shield protects a soldier. David speaks as if God were a shield protecting him. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, protect me like a shield” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
64	3:3	llc4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“you are my glory.” By calling God his glory, David says that God is the one who gives him glory. Since David has just spoken about his enemies and God being his protector, he probably meant that God gives him glory by giving him victory over his enemies. Alternate translation: “you are the one who gives me glory” or “you are the one who gives me victory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
65	3:3	hj6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“you are the one who lifts up my head.” Giving someone courage is spoken of as lifting up his head. Alternate translation: “the one who encourages me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
66	3:4	bz2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Using one’s voice to cry out is spoken of as lifting up his voice. Alternate translation: “I cry out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
67	3:6	q7wy				0	“have surrounded me to destroy me”
68	3:7	zax2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	David speaks of starting to do something as getting up. Alternate translation: “Take action” or “Do something” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
69	3:7	az5m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These phrases say very similar things. The phrases “my enemies” and “the wicked” refer to the same group of people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
70	3:7	r6xe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	This was a way of insulting people. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically hit his enemies. Alternate translation: “For you will insult all my enemies like someone hitting them on the jaw” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
71	3:7	k36i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Animals attack with their teeth. Breaking their teeth takes away their power to attack. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically fight against the wicked. Alternate translation: “you will make the wicked unable to harm me like someone breaking the teeth of a ferocious animal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
72	3:8	x9bn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be expressed with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh saves his people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
73	4:intro	b2qk				0	Psalm 004 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 4 is a psalm of deliverance. It is an evening song, intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during evening worship. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) Special concepts in this chapter Trust God protects all those who truly trust in him for protection. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
74	4:1	zjj1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
75	4:1	q28k				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
76	4:1	k7md				0	“people should play stringed instruments with this song”
77	4:1	f3xk				0	“Respond to me when I call” or “Help me when I call”
78	4:1	dd31				0	“God, who shows that I am righteous”
79	4:1	n99c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Being in danger is spoken of as being in a narrow space. Alternate translation: “rescue me when I am in danger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80	4:2	r39v				0	David sings this part of the song as if he is speaking to his enemies.
81	4:2	p3x5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	David uses this question to rebuke his enemies. Alternate translation: “You people continually turn my honor into shame!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
82	4:2	vy7i				0	Shaming him instead of honoring him is spoken of as making his honor become shame. Alternate translation: “shame me instead of honoring me” or “bring me shame when you should be honoring me”
83	4:2	i8ct		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	David uses this question to rebuke his enemies. Alternate translation: “You continue to love things that are worthless and seek after lies.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
84	4:2	mvp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases are very similar in meaning. The lies are worthless. Alternate translation: “love worthless lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
85	4:3	w2gh				0	“Yahweh chooses godly people for himself”
86	4:4	api1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The relationship between “tremble” and “fear” and who people should fear can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Fear Yahweh so much that you tremble” or “Stand in awe of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
87	4:4	u9p9				0	shake from fear
88	4:4	l67w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The heart represents a person’s thoughts. Thinking carefully is spoken of as meditating in one’s heart. Alternate translation: “Think carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
89	4:5	h8tj				0	“Offer the right sacrifices”
90	4:5	ul9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “trust” is spoken of as if it were an object that could be put somewhere. The abstract noun “trust” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “trust in Yahweh” or “trust Yahweh” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
91	4:6	k53m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question is used either to ask for something or to express a wish about something that has not happened. Alternate translation: “Please show us something good!” or “We wish someone would show us something good!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
92	4:6	uvl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Possible meanings are (1) showing something good represents bringing good things. Alternate translation: “Who will bring good things to us?” or (2) showing something good represents saying that good things have happened. Alternate translation: “Who will say that anything good has happened?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
93	4:6	stu3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. Alternate translation: “act favorably towards us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
94	4:7	v4vs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The heart represents the person. Alternate translation: “You have given me more gladness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
95	4:7	b9ht		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “gladness” is spoken of as if it is an object that can be given. The abstract noun “gladness” can be stated as “glad.” Alternate translation: “You have made me more glad than others are” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
96	4:7	izx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“New wine” may represent grapes. Alternate translation: “when they reap plentiful harvests of grain and grapes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
97	4:8	b57u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Peace is spoken of as if it were a place. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “peace.” Alternate translation: “I will be peaceful when I lie down and sleep” or “I will not be afraid of danger when I lie down and sleep” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
98	4:8	p2ce		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The words “safe” and “secure” mean basically the same thing and emphasize complete safety. Alternate translation: “make me completely safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
99	5:intro	e67h				0	Psalm 005 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 5 is a psalm of deliverance. Notice how the psalmist both praises God and asks Him for help in defeating the wicked. It was intended to be sung accompanied by flutes. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s help God does not help people who do evil but he blesses those who are good and trust in him. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
100	5:1	k92k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
101	5:1	q7tu				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
102	5:1	tu54				0	“This song should be accompanied by people who play wind instruments.”
103	5:1	xts1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This is a call for help. Alternate translation: “Listen to me as I call to you for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
104	5:1	i566				0	low sounds that people make with the voice when they are suffering
105	5:3	i42x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases are very similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
106	5:3	q5qw				0	“I will make my request” or “I will ask you for what I need”
107	5:3	rk6n				0	“wait, expecting you to do what I ask you to do”
108	5:6	qjt8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	Since David is speaking to God in this psalm, this sentence can be stated with the word “you.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you despise violent and deceitful men” or “Yahweh, you hate men who do violent acts and deceive others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
109	5:7	xxs4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
110	5:7	wus9				0	This refers to God’s temple. Alternate translation: “your temple”
111	5:8	nj5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David speaks of righteousness as if it were a path and of teaching as leading. The phrase “your righteousness” means that God is righteous Alternate translation: “teach me to do what is righteous as you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
112	5:8	f99i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David speaks of righteousness as if it were a path. A straight path is easy to see or walk on. Alternate translation: “show me clearly how to live in the right way” or “make it easy for me to do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
113	5:9	vyp8				0	David talks about his enemies.
114	5:9	yu9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Truth being in the mouth represents speaking truthfully. Alternate translation: “For they never say what is true” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
115	5:9	w7sn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The inward being represents people’s thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “their thoughts and desires are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
116	5:9	t93l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The throat represents people’s speech. Alternate translation: “their speech” or “what they say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
117	5:9	aj6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Their throat is spoken of as if it were an open tomb, ready for dead bodies to put into it. Possible meanings are (1) “they say that they will kill people” or (2) “What they say kills people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
118	5:9	c5lk				0	“they say nice things about people without really meaning it”
119	5:9	w8tw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The tongue represents what people say. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
120	5:10	b8gr				0	“may their schemes cause them to experience disasters” or “may they become less important because of their schemes”
121	5:10	llj1				0	plans to harm people
122	5:10	se86		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is something that causes a person to experience disasters or to lose power. Experiencing disaster or becoming less important is spoken of as falling. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123	5:11	p2xk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God is spoken of as if he were a refuge, a place where people can be protected. Alternate translation: “May all those who go to you for protection rejoice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
124	5:11	w32e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two clauses express similar thoughts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
125	5:11	h7eq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126	5:11	jnt7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	God’s name represents him. Alternate translation: “those who love you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
127	5:12	t1zz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	God’s favor is spoken of as if it were a shield. Alternate translation: “you will favor them and protect them as a soldier protects himself with his shield” or “because you are kind to them, you will protect them (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
128	6:intro	gpl3				0	Psalm 006 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 6 is a deliverance psalm: a call to God for help. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Trouble He is in deep trouble and needs God to help him in his difficult situation. But then God hears his prayer and scatters his enemies. First Person This psalm is written using first person making its perspective very personal. There are many uses of the first person in this Psalm.
129	6:1	qy9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
130	6:1	z78f				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
131	6:1	w19w				0	“people should play stringed instruments with this song”
132	6:1	p2j3				0	This may refer to a style of music.
133	6:2	at9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The bones represent the whole body. His body may have been shaking because he was sick or extremely tired. Alternate translation: “my whole body is shaking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
134	6:3	sd1q				0	“terrified” or “worried”
135	6:3	vw88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	David uses this question to show that he does not want to continue feeling weak and troubled. Alternate translation: please, do not let this continue!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
136	6:4	rce3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David speaks of God being kind to him as God returning to him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, come back to me” or “Have mercy on me, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
137	6:4	fuw3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
138	6:5	qb7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two sentences express similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
139	6:5	pn4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The abstract noun “remembrance” represents praise. Alternate translation: “For when people die, they no longer praise you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
140	6:5	mb1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	David uses this question to emphasize that no one in Sheol thanks God. Alternate translation: “No one in Sheol will give you thanks!” or “The dead cannot praise you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
141	6:6	ge93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	His groaning represents the pain or distress that he feels. Alternate translation: “I am very tired because of my pain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
142	6:6	bay4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two sentences express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
143	6:6	c1qb				0	“I make my bed wet with my tears” or “My bed is very wet because of my tears”
144	6:6	isr5				0	“I make my couch wet with my tears”
145	6:7	fup4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The ability to see is spoken of in terms of the eyes. Alternate translation: “My vision is blurry” or “I cannot see clearly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
146	6:7	gny4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Grief here represents crying. Alternate translation: “from crying” or “because I cry so much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
147	6:9	j23z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two lines have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
148	6:9	dq36		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Being willing to do what David has prayed for is spoken of as accepting his prayer. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will respond to my prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
149	7:intro	zey1				0	Psalm 007 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 7 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s protection The author had not wronged anyone, yet his enemy was trying to attack him. But he knew that God would protect him. Cush the Benjamite Note the superscription and the specific circumstances. There is no other reference to this incident in the Scriptures. But there are references to David being opposed by those of the tribe of Benjamin during the time he was serving King Saul.
150	7:1	wzv4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
151	7:1	v239				0	“This is a song that David wrote”
152	7:1	huv1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
153	7:2	rzk1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	David speaks of his enemies attacking him as if they would rip his body apart and tear it in pieces as a lion would. Alternate translation: “they will violently kill me like a lion ripping apart its victim’s body and tearing it in pieces” or “they will violently kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
154	7:2	x9fh				0	“and no one else will be able to save me”
155	7:5	ej18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The life represents the person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
156	7:5	us9e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This represents capturing him. Alternate translation: “capture me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
157	7:5	txr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “my life” represents the writer. Alternate translation: “allow him to destroy me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
158	7:5	hav6				0	This refers to lying dead and unburied in disgrace.
159	7:6	phd3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Arising represents doing something or taking action. Alternate translation: “Do something in your anger” or “Be angry at my enemies and take action: (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
160	7:6	a9lp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Fighting against people is spoken of as standing up against them. Alternate translation: “fight against the rage of my enemies” or “attack my enemies who rage against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
161	7:6	q1qt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Their rage represents their attacks. Alternate translation: “the attacks of my enemies” or “my enemies who attack me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
162	7:6	x2us		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Waking up represents starting to do something or take action. Alternate translation: “Take action” or “Do something” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
163	7:6	sml1				0	“for me” or “to help me”
164	7:7	pk8y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “countries” represents all of the armies that have gathered to attack. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
165	7:7	rb6b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Ruling people is spoken of as being over them. Yahweh’s rightful place refers either to heaven or to ruling in general. Alternate translation: “Rule over them from heaven” or “Rule over them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
166	7:8	e8kb				0	“show them that I am not guilty”
167	7:9	pw1n				0	“make the righteous people strong” or “make the righteous people prosper”
168	7:9	zql9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The hearts and minds represent people’s desires and thoughts. Alternate translation: “you who know our inner thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
169	7:10	c7u4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “shield” represents God’s protection. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
170	7:11	j5zn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Who God is angry with can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “a God who is angry with the wicked every day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
171	7:12	y4zk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	In verses 12 and 13, David speaks of God deciding to punish the wicked as if God were a warrior preparing to fight against them with weapons. Alternate translation: “God will take action against him like a warrior who sharpens his sword and prepares his bow for battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
172	7:14	l54a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David speaks of the things that a wicked person does as if the person were pregnant and wickedness was the baby. Alternate translation: “the wicked person. He makes plans to destroy people and produces harmful lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
173	7:16	p524		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Destruction and violence are spoken of as if they hit a person’s head or fall down on it. Alternate translation: “His own destructive plans destroy him, for his violence attacks him” or “When he plans to destroy others, others destroy him; when he attacks others, others attack him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
174	8:intro	rs24				0	Psalm 008 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 8 is a psalm of worship and praise to God. This was to be sung by a choir. Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s creation God has made awesome things in the universe and has exalted humans to be rulers over this creation. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/exalt]]) A Little Lower than the Heavenly Beings Psalms Psalm 8:4-6 is quoted in Hebrews 2:6-8, where it is applied to Jesus. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])
175	8:1	lk7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
176	8:1	i9hb				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
177	8:1	ye1p				0	This may refer to a style of music.
178	8:1	hn59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	God’s “name” represents his whole being. Alternate translation: “people all over the world know that you are very great” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
179	8:2	u11e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) praise is spoken of as a solid object that God takes out of babies’ mouths and sets up as a defensive wall or (2) God has created the world so that true praise comes to him from babies. Alternate translation: “You have given babies and infants the ability to praise you” or “It is babies and infants who truly praise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
180	8:3	uj2i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	God’s fingers represent him. Alternate translation: “the heavens which you have made” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
181	8:4	yhh5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	These remarks have been expressed in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “It is amazing that you think about people and are concerned about them!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
182	8:4	k9i2				0	Both of these phrases refer to people in general.
183	8:5	sr48		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Glory and honor are spoken of as if they were crowns. The words “glory” and “honor” are similar in meaning. Alternate translation: “have given them glory and honor” or “have caused them to be like kings” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
184	8:6	x6z3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two clauses express similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
185	8:6	rc4e				0	“you make them … under their feet.” The words “him” and “his” here refer to people.
186	8:6	xti1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The hands represent what God has done. Alternate translation: “the things that you made” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
187	8:6	py2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Having authority to rule others or control things is spoken of as having them under one’s feet. This means God gave people authority over all that he created. Alternate translation: “you have given him authority over all things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
188	8:9	y339		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations		0	With this exclamation, David shows his joy and awe about how great God is. Alternate translation: “your name is wonderfully magnificent in all the earth” or “people in all the earth know how magnificent you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
189	8:9	dvi7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	God’s “name” represents him or his reputation. Alternate translation: “your reputation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
190	8:9	bf2u				0	excellent, great
191	9:intro	zq96				0	Psalm 009 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 9 is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s protection God is a protector. He is all-powerful and his enemies cannot withstand him. Acrostic Psalm This psalm along with Psalm 10 form an acrostic. Which means that each unit begins with a successive letter of the Hebrew alphabet. One Psalm or two This psalm has a superscription but Psalm 10 doesn’t. This fact and the acrostic nature of the two psalms has lead some scholars to believe these two psalms may have originally been written as one psalm.
192	9:1	xxu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
193	9:1	w9iy				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
194	9:1	nqw5				0	This may refer to a style of music.
195	9:1	lr4k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	Since this song is addressed to Yahweh, Yahweh can be referred to as “you.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh, I will give thanks to you with all my heart” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
196	9:1	f4r1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The noun “deeds” can be expressed with the verb “do.” Alternate translation: “all the marvelous things you do” or “all the marvelous things you have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
197	9:2	vh6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here God’s name represents God. Alternate translation: “I will sing praise to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
198	9:3	j685				0	“retreat” or “flee in fear”
199	9:4	nvz1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Kings had authority to judge people, and they would sit on their throne when they judged. David speaks as if God were an earthly king. Alternate translation: “you judge like a king who sits on his throne, and you are righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
200	9:5	cw1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Causing people to be forgotten is spoken of as blotting out their name. Alternate translation: “you have caused them to be forgotten as if their name was blotted out” or “no one will ever remember them again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
201	9:5	bs94				0	“erased”
202	9:6	dj3h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The enemy is spoken of as if it were a city full of broken down buildings. Alternate translation: “Our enemies were destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
203	9:6	b9n1				0	“when you destroyed their cities”
204	9:6	pi7j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “remembrance” is spoken of as if it were a living being that could die. Alternate translation: “All remembrance of them has stopped” or “There is no longer any remembrance of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
205	9:6	c6yp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “remembrance” can be expressed with the verb “remember.” Alternate translation: “No one remembers them at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
206	9:7	x7xg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Remain” probably represents sitting on the throne as king. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sits on his throne forever” or “Yahweh rules forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
207	9:7	h8nu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The phrase “his throne” represents God’s rule. Possible meanings are (1) “He rules in order to judge people” or (2) “He rules over people justly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
208	9:8	pgg5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two clauses express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
209	9:8	dz3w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “the world” refers to all the people in the world. Alternate translation: “He will judge all the people of the world righteously” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
210	9:9	y7hd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God is spoken of as if he were a place that people could go to for safety. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will also protect the oppressed” or “Yahweh will also provide safety for those who are oppressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
211	9:10	mb1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the words “your name” represent God. Alternate translation: “Those who know you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
212	9:10	dj61				0	“do not forsake” or “do not leave”
213	9:11	nb7x				0	“who lives in Jerusalem”
214	9:11	i7js		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “the nations” represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
215	9:12	lcs5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	What he remembers can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “For the God who avenges bloodshed remembers those who were killed” or “For God remembers those who were killed and he punishes the killers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
216	9:12	wk9a				0	“He does not ignore the cry”
217	9:13	j8i9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “see how those who hate me oppress me” or “see how badly my enemies treat me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
218	9:13	p41p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Death is spoken of as if it were a city that had gates through which people enter it. If someone is near the gates of death, it means that he will die soon. Keeping someone from dying is spoken of as taking him away from the gates of that city. Alternate translation: “you who can rescue me from death” or “you who can keep me from dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
219	9:15	re95		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	People dig pits so they can catch animals that fall into them. Here digging a pit represents making plans to destroy people. Alternate translation: “The nations are like people who dig a pit for others and then fall into it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
220	9:15	g4gq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	People hide nets so they can catch animals that get caught in them. Here hiding a net represents making plans to destroy people. Alternate translation: “they are like people who hide a net and get trapped in it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
221	9:16	fy3r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	Here “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to any wicked person. A wicked person acting to harm other people is spoken of as if the wicked person had made a trap and then fallen into it and been unable to escape. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when a wicked person tries to harm other people, his actions will end up harming him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
222	9:16	z41t				0	“is trapped”
223	9:17	bw3u				0	“rejected”
224	9:17	wmb4				0	This refers to “the wicked.”
225	9:18	f28n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not always forget the needy” or “God will remember the needy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
226	9:18	ln7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Hopes are spoken of as if they were objects that could be broken or destroyed. Hopes being destroyed represents the things that people hope for never happening. Alternate translation: “and the oppressed will not hope forever without results” or “and someday what the oppressed hope for will happen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
227	9:19	zrv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Getting up represents starting to do something. Alternate translation: “Do something” or “Take action” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
228	9:19	dw6d				0	people
229	9:19	f879		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here judging represents punishing. Alternate translation: “be punished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
230	9:19	dca3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here sight represents presence. Alternate translation: “in your presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
231	9:19	xin9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “judge the nations in your presence” or “take the nations into your presence and punish them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
232	10:intro	h366				0	Psalm 010 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 10 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Evil people The wicked people are prospering and think that God does not care. They think that he is not involved in these affairs. They destroy the innocent. The godly need God to come to their rescue and to punish the wicked people for the evil that they are doing to the good people. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) Second half of Psalm 9 As noted in the intro to the last psalm, this one is part of an acrostic poem. This psalm covers the last half on the Hebrew alphabet. It also does not have a superscription to introduce it. However, the psalms do separate well on the subjects they address. One addresses thanksgiving and praise whereas Psalm 10 is a lament. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
233	10:1	he97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
234	10:1	l729		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The speaker uses these questions to express his distress that God has not helped him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, it seems as though you are far away from me and you hide from me whenever I am in trouble” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
235	10:2	ml6r				0	evil plans
236	10:3	hd9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
237	10:3	lk5v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The noun “desires” can be expressed with the verb “want. “Alternate translation: “the things that he wants very much to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
238	10:3	bcd9				0	“greedy people”
239	10:4	nkz2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	This refers here to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
240	10:4	es9w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A raised face represents pride or arrogance. Alternate translation: “has an arrogant attitude” or “is proud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
241	10:4	je9x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Seeking God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “he does not ask God for help” or “he does not think about God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
242	10:5	h3lz				0	“He is safe at all times.” He is not really safe, but he thinks that he is.
243	10:5	ee2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Something that is hard to understand is spoken of as if it were too high to reach. Alternate translation: “he cannot understand your righteous decrees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
244	10:5	bbt7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	People snort at their enemies when they think that their enemies are weak and worthless. Alternate translation: “he thinks that all his enemies are weak and worthless” or “he sneers at all his enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
245	10:5	dxb3				0	This means that he blows air out noisily through his nose.
246	10:6	j7qk				0	“The wicked man says”
247	10:6	xus1				0	This probably simply means “forever.”
248	10:6	y26y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Experiencing adversity is spoken of as meeting it. Alternate translation: “I will not have any troubles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
249	10:7	d42j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	What people say is spoken of as being in their mouth. Alternate translation: “He always curses people, tells lies, and threatens to harm people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
250	10:7	xj9b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the tongue represents speaking. Alternate translation: or “what he says injures and destroys people” or “he speaks words that threaten and hurt people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
251	10:8	x2zt				0	The word “he” refers to the wicked man.
252	10:8	urg9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The eyes represent him. Alternate translation: “he looks for some helpless victim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
253	10:9	sd5u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This speaks of the wicked person as if he were a lion. Alternate translation: “He hides while he waits for the weak to walk near him, the same way a lion quietly waits in the bush for the animal it wants to attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
254	10:9	jkf7				0	This means to hide or wait with intent to harm or kill.
255	10:9	ug79				0	“lies down waiting” or “he hides and waits”
256	10:9	g5jl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the wicked person catching people as if he were a hunter using a net to catch animals. Alternate translation: “He catches the oppressed like a hunter that catches an animal in a net and drags it away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
257	10:10	bcg4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer continues to speak of the wicked person catching people as if he were a hunter, his plans were nets, and the people were animals that fall into his net. Alternate translation: “his victims are caught by his plans like animals that fall into a hunter’s strong nets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
258	10:11	y4zx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	The word “He” refers to the wicked person, and to wicked people in general. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
259	10:11	ty8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Refusing to pay attention to what people do is spoken of as forgetting. Alternate translation: “God does not pay attention” or “God does not care about what I do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
260	10:11	vdi5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Refusing to pay attention to what someone does is spoken of as covering one’s face. Alternate translation: “God refuses to see what is happening” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
261	10:11	xd2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Paying attention to what someone does is spoken of as looking at it. Alternate translation: “he will not bother to pay attention” or “he will not care” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
262	10:12	l9k2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Starting to do something is spoken of as getting up. Alternate translation: “Do something” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
263	10:12	k3kx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here lifting the hand to hit someone represents punishing him. Alternate translation: “Hit him hard” or “Punish the wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
264	10:13	w9gj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The speaker uses this question to show that he is very sad that wicked people do these things. Alternate translation: “Wicked people are always rejecting God and saying … ‘You will not hold me accountable.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
265	10:13	tfq6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“You will not require me to tell you why I do what I do.” Holding someone accountable here represents punishing him. Alternate translation: “You will not punish me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
266	10:15	v9ju		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “arm” represents power. Alternate translation: “Destroy the power of the wicked and evil man” or “Make the wicked and evil man weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
267	10:15	z4yy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These words have the same meaning. You can use one word to express both concepts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
268	10:15	m5mv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Making someone account for his evil deeds represents punishing him. Alternate translation: “Punish him for the evil things he has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
269	10:16	zc2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. “Yahweh forces the people of other nations to leave his land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
270	10:17	d6nx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that the oppressed people cried out to God. Alternate translation: “when oppressed people cried out to you, you listened to them tell you what they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
271	10:17	yqz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	A strong heart represents courage, and making people’s hearts strong represents encouraging them. Alternate translation: “you encourage them” or “you make them confident” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
272	10:18	w3s1				0	“no one … will cause people to be afraid again”
273	11:intro	zn9r				0	Psalm 011 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 11 is a worship psalm. It tells how great God is and that God delivers the good people from the evil people. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapter Justice The wicked people try to destroy the good people but God knows everything that is being done and he saves the good people and destroys the evil people. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
274	11:1	t2nr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
275	11:1	ca3b				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
276	11:1	i5j2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to Yahweh for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
277	11:1	dp1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question is asked to provide emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “So do not ask me to run away!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
278	11:2	lc13				0	“Look! the wicked are preparing to attack upright people”
279	11:2	td66				0	Here “upright in heart” refers to godly or righteous people.
280	11:3	dyu6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	Here “the foundations” may refer to law and order. This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Righteous people cannot do anything when evil people are not punished when they disobey the laws!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
281	11:4	je8v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here Yahweh is represented by his “eyes.” Yahweh is aware of everything that happens. Alternate translation: “He examines all that humanity does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
282	11:4	u9bt				0	“humanity”
283	11:5	ars4				0	“Yahweh watches carefully”
284	11:5	qa59				0	“hurt others”
285	11:6	t8lu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s punishment is described as if it were burning coals and brimstone from a volcano. Alternate translation: “He punishes the wicked; there will be no relief for them!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
286	11:6	i1h8				0	sulphur
287	11:7	ai4r				0	“be in his presence”
288	12:intro	c38b				0	Psalm 012 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 12 is a judgment psalm, where the author asks God to judge and punish the wicked people. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh saves There are so many wicked people now and they are proud of their evil. But God will save the poor who call out to him. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/call]]) Words This relatively short psalm focuses on the words people use.
289	12:1	lrn6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
290	12:1	l7ap				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
291	12:1	d3jh				0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 6:1.
292	12:1	w9wb				0	“Yahweh, come to my aid”
293	12:1	ckb5				0	“faithful people have all vanished”
294	12:2	p59u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	The two occurrences of “everyone” are exaggerations, used to emphasize that this is true of very many people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
295	12:2	k6d8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “lips” is a metonym for what people say, and “a double heart” is a metaphor for deception. Alternate translation: “everyone speaks with flattering words and deception” or “everyone praises people falsely and tells lies” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
296	12:3	cis2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “flattering lips” is a metonym for people who flatter others. Possible meanings are (1) “cut off” is a metaphor for killing. Alternate translation: “kill all who flatter others” or (2) “cut off” is a metaphor for stopping something. Alternate translation: “stop all those who flatter others” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
297	12:3	g9k2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “every tongue” represents every person who declares great things. Alternate translation: “every person who boasts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
298	12:4	j1nx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “tongues” represents what people say. Alternate translation: “We will prevail because of what we say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
299	12:4	ay1a				0	“we will succeed” or “we will win” or “we will be victorious”
300	12:4	n8z2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the “lips” represents the people who speak. Alternate translation: “When we speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
301	12:4	le51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that they believed no one could rule over them. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one can rule over us!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
302	12:5	bgl1				0	These are deep sounds that people make because of pain or some strong emotion.
303	12:5	qr86				0	This means Yahweh will do something to help the people.
304	12:6	jt35		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Yahweh’s words are compared to silver that has been purified. Alternate translation: “they are without any imperfection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
305	12:7	txp6				0	“You keep the righteous people safe”
306	12:8	q4v9				0	“surround us”
307	12:8	y7uy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when people everywhere are praising evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
308	12:8	lrt6				0	“human beings” or “people”
309	13:intro	nza7				0	Psalm 013 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 13 is a psalm of deliverance because the psalmist is calling on God to deliver him from death and his enemies. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/call]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s help The author needs God to help him because his enemies will rejoice if they are able to defeat him. The string of rhetorical questions is very effective at heightening the fear David is feeling. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])
310	13:1	vsr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
311	13:1	hwf6				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
312	13:1	xg9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question is asked to get the reader’s attention and to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, it seems that you have forgotten about me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
313	13:1	v3px		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The words “your face” represent God’s whole being. This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems like you are hiding from me!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
314	13:2	pg6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely my enemies will not always defeat me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
315	13:3	vs9y				0	“Give me your attention and listen to me”
316	13:3	x789		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is a way of asking for strength. Alternate translation: “Make me strong again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
317	13:3	t9hl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	To “sleep in death” means to die. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
318	13:4	ucm3				0	“Do not let my enemy say about me … so that my enemy may not say about me”
319	13:4	x5p1				0	“when I fall” or “when they defeat me”
320	13:5	l1in		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “I have trusted that you are faithful to your covenant” or “I have trusted you because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
321	13:5	s3s4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will rejoice because you have rescued me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
322	14:intro	a269				0	Psalm 014 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 14 is a deliverance psalm because he is trusting God to deliver the poor. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) Special concepts in this chapter Evil people Wicked people do not even consider God when they make their plans. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
323	14:1	ghg8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
324	14:1	l8jh				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
325	14:1	bwz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom that means to say to oneself or to think to oneself. Alternate translation: “A foolish person says to himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
326	14:1	r75x				0	The word “they” refers to all foolish human beings who say there is no God.
327	14:2	zm7b				0	This phrase refers to all humans.
328	14:2	vw7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This describes those who desire to know God as if they were actually following him on a path. Alternate translation: “who desire to know him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
329	14:3	l4ef		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This describes people who have rejected God as if they had stopped walking on the right path and had gone in another direction. Alternate translation: “They have all turned away from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
330	14:4	v11h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “They act as if they do not know anything … who do not call on Yahweh. But they know what they are doing!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
331	14:4	a11q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “iniquity” can be stated as “evil deeds.” Alternate translation: “those who do evil deeds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
332	14:4	amq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This refers to those who do evil things and destroy God’s people as if they were eating food. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
333	14:5	g962				0	The word “they” refers to those who do evil things.
334	14:5	p7fp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	To say that “God is with” those who are righteous means that he helps them. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “God helps those who act righteously” or “God helps those who do the right things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
335	14:6	a6ad				0	The word “you” here refers to the wicked people.
336	14:6	eb9r				0	“to make the person who is poor feel ashamed”
337	14:6	ysx7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of the protection that Yahweh provides as if he were a shelter that one might seek in a storm. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is like a shelter of protection to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
338	14:7	uji3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations		0	This is an exclamation. The writer is saying what he wishes or longs for God to do. Alternate translation: “I wish so much that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
339	14:7	xxx6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “the salvation of Israel” is a metonym for Yahweh, the one who saves Israel. Alternate translation: “Oh, that Yahweh would come from Zion and save Israel!” or “I wish that Yahweh would come from Zion and rescue his people Israel!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
340	14:7	h25q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases mean the same thing. Here both “Jacob” and “Israel” represent the people of Israel. The two phrases can be combined in the translation. Alternate translation: “then all the people of Israel will rejoice greatly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
341	15:intro	j6s2				0	Psalm 015 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 15 is a wisdom psalm telling how people who honor God should live. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) Special concepts in this chapter Godliness This psalm outlines a person who is godly and sees others from a godly perspective. There are several good actions mentioned. Such a person treats his neighbor right, does not slander him, does not take a bribe or interest from him, and keeps his promises even when it is difficult to do so. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) Moral Conditions for Worship Scholars have noted that this psalm contains a list of ten different conditions for those who want to participate in worship at the temple. The list consists of three positives in verse 2, 3 negatives in verse 3, two positives in verse 4, followed by two negatives in verse 5. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
342	15:1	u6j8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
343	15:1	sql5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	God’s “holy hill” represents God’s temple, which was on Mount Zion. Alternate translation: “Who may live in your holy place?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
344	15:2	jg77				0	“speaks honestly”
345	15:3	n4z5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “tongue” represents what a person says. The word “he” refers to the “righeous person” (Psalms 15:2). Alternate translation: “He does not slander people with his speech” or “He does not say evil things about innocent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
346	15:3	ih3s				0	hurt
347	15:4	y2jl				0	“Righteous people hate those who have rejected God, but they honor those who respect God”
348	15:4	y1aw				0	“The wicked person” or “The person who has rejected Yahweh”
349	15:5	qq63		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “to be shaken” represents not living safely any longer. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will live in safety” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
350	16:intro	hm6c				0	Psalm 016 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 16 is a psalm of praise, thanking God for all his mercies. The New Testament considers this psalm to be a messianic psalm: a psalm about Christ. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) Special concepts in this chapter Messiah God has been so good to the psalmist, who will worship no other god. The New Testament considers the tenth verse to be about Christ’s resurrection when it says that he is God’s anointed one, and that God will not leave his body in the grave to decay. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/good]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]]) Superscription The term “Michtam” is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this term, but in the end no one is certain what it means. So it is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you are welcome to translate it as “psalm.”
351	16:1	m94a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
352	16:1	u6cp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
353	16:3	b6f8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here “holy people” refers to God’s own people who trust him. Alternate translation: “your people who live in this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
354	16:4	j4m1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The troubles of those who seek other gods will increase” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
355	16:4	b7s4				0	“pour out blood as a sacrifice to their gods”
356	16:4	xj7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor		0	Lifting up their names is a metaphor for praising them, and “lips” is a metonym for what one says. Alternate translation: “or praise them with my words” or “and I will not praise their gods” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
357	16:5	v4p8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a portion of land that has been given to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
358	16:5	b3bh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a cup that contains many blessings. Alternate translation: “the one who blesses me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
359	16:5	efb4				0	“You determine my future” or “You control what will happen to me”
360	16:6	qf7f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here laying down measuring lines is a metonym for measuring land and giving it to someone, and here this is a metaphor for God blessing David in many great ways. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You have measured off land for me in pleasant places” or “You have given me land in pleasant places” or “You bless me like one who gives land in pleasant places” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
361	16:6	ag3m				0	These are ropes that people use to measure a plot of land and mark its boundaries.
362	16:6	af57		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David speaks of Yahweh’s blessings as if they were an inheritance that he has received. Alternate translation: “I am delighted with all the things that he has given me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
363	16:8	z682				0	“I always remember that Yahweh is with me”
364	16:8	yj9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing will take me away from his side” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
365	16:9	in9q				0	David continues to speak to God.
366	16:9	p2bc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the “heart” represents the speaker’s thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “Therefore I am glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
367	16:9	e6e1				0	Possible meanings are (1) the word “glory” represents the honor a person feels. Alternate translation: “I am honored to rejoice in God” or (2) the word translated “glory” really means “liver” and represents the speaker’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I am rejoicing”
368	16:11	b54u				0	“great joy” or “a large amount of joy”
369	16:11	hxq5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of “joy” as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
370	16:11	v4yr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The words “right hand” indicate being in God’s special presence. Alternate translation: “when I am near you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
371	17:intro	thd2				0	Psalm 017 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 17 is a prayer for deliverance from all his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Innocence The psalmist is innocent and needs God to rescue him from these enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]])
372	17:1	y32y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
373	17:1	z6y3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The phrase “give ear” is a metaphor for listening, and “lips without deceit” is synecdoche for a person who does not lie. Alternate translation: “Listen to my prayer for I speak without deceit” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
374	17:2	k4su		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Vindication coming from God represents God judging someone and declaring him innocent. God’s “presence” is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: “Let my vindication come from you” or “Declare that I am innocent” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
375	17:2	t9kx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “your eyes” is synecdoche for God himself, and “see” is a metaphor for paying attention and firmly deciding to do something. Alternate translation: “please see what is right” or “do what is right” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
376	17:3	pi85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “test my heart” means to examine my thoughts and motives. Alternate translation: “If you examine my thoughts in the night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
377	17:3	w51q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here the mouth is spoken of as if it were capable of acting on its own. It also represents the words that a person speaks. Alternate translation: “I will not tell lies or sin with my words” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
378	17:4	u1m8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “the word of your lips” is a metonym for God’s instruction, and “the ways of the lawless” is a metaphor for the things that lawless people do. Alternate translation: “it is by obeying your instruction that I have kept myself from doing the things that lawless people do” or “your instruction has caused me to avoid doing wicked things” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
379	17:5	nw8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both of these clauses mean the same thing. The repetition adds emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
380	17:5	ve61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of his obedience to God as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “I am determined to follow your ways” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
381	17:6	fh7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These phrases mean the same thing. Here “your ear” refers to God’s willingness to hear someone who prays to him. Alternate translation: “pay attention to me … listen when I speak” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
382	17:7	m4v2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Show in a wonderful way that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
383	17:7	g2x5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The “right hand” refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “your mighty power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
384	17:7	ll6h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
385	17:8	ar64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The “apple of your eye” refers to something that is valuable. Alternate translation: “Protect me as you would something most valuable and precious” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
386	17:8	f3hh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David speaks of God’s protection as if he were a bird protecting its young under its wings. Alternate translation: “Keep me safe as a mother bird protects her babies by gathering them under her wing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
387	17:10	rd6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “their mouths speak” represents his enemies when they speak. Alternate translation: “they speak with pride” or “they are always boasting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
388	17:11	yzx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “surrounded my steps” represents how David’s enemies have followed him everywhere he goes in order to capture him. Alternate translation: “My enemies have surrounded me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
389	17:12	iq89		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases express very similar ideas. The repetition adds intensity. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
390	17:12	c8wr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer feels pursued the way a lion hunts its prey (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
391	17:13	p2s3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is a metaphor for Yahweh’s power and for violent death in war. Alternate translation: “by having them die in war” or “by killing them in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
392	17:14	mf1x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	This clause adds intensity to the words “Rescue my life from the wicked by your sword” (Psalms 17:13). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
393	17:14	wh2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	These words represent the power of Yahweh and add intensity to the words “by your sword” (Psalms 17:13). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
394	17:14	xg3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The ancient text is hard to understand. Possible meanings are (1) “treasured” is a metaphor for loved, and “your treasured ones” refers to the people whom God loves. Alternate translation: “you will fill the bellies of the people you love with riches” or (2) “your treasured ones” refers to treasures that God gives to people, the “men of this world” Alternate translation: “you will fill their bellies with rich treasures” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
395	17:14	knu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “fill the bellies … with riches” is a metaphor for giving them many valuable things. Possible meanings are (1) “You will give many riches to the people you love” or (2) “you will give the men of this world many riches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
396	17:15	ck39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “face” represents Yahweh in all of his being. David is confident he will see Yahweh. Alternate translation: “because I act in the right way, I will be with you one day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
397	17:15	bpx8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	David believes that after he dies, he will be with Yahweh. This can be made clear in the translation. Alternate translation: “After I die, I will be happy to wake up in your presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
398	18:intro	enj7				0	Psalm 018 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 18 is a psalm of praise to God for his strengthening David for war. Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s power God has tremendous power and he enabled David to prosper in war. This psalm, and its superscription, also appears in 1 Samuel 22 with some minor differences.
399	18:1	xfk3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
400	18:1	ig1a				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
401	18:1	vm1x				0	Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
402	18:1	p2da				0	“he sang this song to Yahweh”
403	18:1	rhv3				0	“after Yahweh had rescued him”
404	18:1	hna8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hand” stands for the power of Saul. Alternate translation: “from Saul’s power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
405	18:2	tcf6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock. The word “rock” is a picture of a safe place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
406	18:2	bmi2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	Here the words “rock” and “fortress” share similar meanings and emphasize that Yahweh provides safety from enemies. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
407	18:2	v8xz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to him for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
408	18:2	k49n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a “shield,” “the horn” of his salvation, and his “stronghold.” Yahweh is the one who protects him from harm. Here a similar idea is repeated three ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
409	18:3	d5g1				0	“I will be rescued from my enemies”
410	18:4	fsd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David speaks of death as if it were a person who could capture him and bind him with ropes. Alternate translation: “I was about to be killed” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
411	18:4	m5rx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David is as helpless as if he were being carried away by a rushing flood of waters. Alternate translation: “I felt completely helpless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
412	18:5	e9l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here “Sheol,” the place of the dead, and “death” are spoken of as if they were people who could surround and trap him. These two clauses have similar meanings and the idea is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I felt trapped and thought I was going to die” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
413	18:6	s721				0	“In my great need” or “In my despair”
414	18:6	jr71		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here David speaks of his “call for help” as if it were a person who could come into the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I prayed to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
415	18:6	fs4g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Here David speaks of how Yahweh heard his cry for help. The idea is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: “he heard my appeal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
416	18:7	dal8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s being angry is spoken of as if the there was a terrible earthquake. Alternate translation: “God was so angry that it was as if the earth … shaken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
417	18:7	xka3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The words “shook” and “trembled” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how greatly the earth shook. Alternate translation: “the land moved back and forth” or “the ground moved up and down” or “there was a violent earthquake” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
418	18:7	svs2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the foundations of the mountains also trembled and shook” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
419	18:8	al4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David speaks of Yahweh as if he were breathing fire. This is a picture of how angry God was. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
420	18:8	zsk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “blazing fire came out of his mouth and ignited coals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
421	18:9	fkd8				0	The word “He” refers to Yahweh.
422	18:9	aw5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Though Yahweh does not actually have feet, the Psalmist gives him human characteristics. Alternate translation: “thick darkness was beneath him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
423	18:10	wt4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here the Psalmist speaks of the wind as if it had wings like an angel. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
424	18:11	a2gi				0	Here the words “He” and “him” refer to Yahweh.
425	18:11	edg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here darkness is spoken of as if it were a tent. Alternate translation: “He made darkness a covering” or “He made darkness a hiding place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
426	18:11	jnx8				0	“clouds heavy with rain” or “thick, dark rainclouds”
427	18:12	t3xj				0	stones made of ice
428	18:13	dn6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Yahweh’s voice sounded like thunder. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
429	18:13	dvy3				0	“the Most High” refers to Yahweh.
430	18:14	cw24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both of these clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
431	18:14	h2p3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here lighting strikes are being spoken of as if they were arrows (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
432	18:14	p7tz				0	“sent them in different directions”
433	18:15	b39a				0	The writer continues to speak of Yaweh’s great power.
434	18:15	jfu2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two clauses have similar meanings. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then the water channels appeared and the bottom of the ocean became visible; you exposed the foundations of the world” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
435	18:15	a125		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Though God does not have human physical characteristics as described here, this pictures his mighty strength. The wind is spoken of here as if it came as a mighty blast from God’s nostrils. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
436	18:16	m4pi				0	The word “He” in these verses refers to Yahweh.
437	18:16	kef1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the Psalmist speaks of the dangers of his enemies as if they were huge waves or forceful waters, from which Yahweh has rescued him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
438	18:18	eej1				0	Here “They” refers to the strong enemies in verse 17.
439	18:18	s1sk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “distress” can be stated as an adjective. The abstract noun “support” can be stated as “protected.” Alternate translation: “Strong enemies attacked me on a day when I was distressed, but Yahweh protected me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
440	18:20	a3vx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here having clean hands represents being innocent of wrongdoing. Alternate translation: “I was innocent” or “my actions were right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
441	18:21	y3m6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The laws of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were the paths on which one should walk. Alternate translation: “I have obeyed Yahweh’s laws” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
442	18:21	tu8a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here being wicked is spoken of as if one left the right path and took the wrong path. Alternate translation: “have not done wickedly by turning away from my God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
443	18:22	t97s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both of these clauses have similar meanings. The writer repeats these ideas for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
444	18:22	gtv3				0	“have guided me” or “I have remembered”
445	18:23	gug9				0	“innocent according to him”
446	18:23	gz4q				0	“I have not sinned”
447	18:24	tu18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	To have “clean hands” means that one is innocent of wrongdoing. See how you translated this in Psalms 18:20: Alternate translation: “I was innocent” or “my actions were right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
448	18:24	t3bt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This refers to God’s presence. Alternate translation: “before him” or “according to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
449	18:25	tb5y				0	The writer speaks to Yahweh.
450	18:25	h851		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here “faithful” means to do what God commands one to do. You can state this clearly. Alternate translation: “to those who faithfully obey your commandments” or “to those who faithfully do your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
451	18:26	cn7t				0	“you outwit anyone who is not honest”
452	18:27	v6yq				0	“you humiliate”
453	18:27	w4ji		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom refers to those who are proud. Alternate translation: “who are proud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
454	18:28	w4pi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s presence as if he were a light. These clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
455	18:29	jv31				0	“For with your help I can cross any obstacle”
456	18:30	v53y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A shield protects a soldier. David speaks as if God were a shield protecting him. See how you translated this in Psalms 3:3. Alternate translation: “You, Yahweh, protect like a shield everyone who takes refuge in you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
457	18:31	d8xy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The implied answer is no one. Alternate translation: “Only Yahweh is God! Only our God is a rock!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
458	18:31	xn5i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock that he could climb to get away from his enemies. See how you translated this in Psalms 18:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
459	18:32	w9ef		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	God gives strength to David as if it were a piece of clothing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
460	18:32	z4ka		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David speaks of living a life that is pleasing to God as if he were being placed on the right path. Alternate translation: “causes the blameless person to live a righteous life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
461	18:33	w92y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This refers to enabling a person to run fast. Alternate translation: “makes me run very fast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
462	18:33	g696		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The deer is especially quick and stable in the mountains. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
463	18:34	q1v4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my hands” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “He trains me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
464	18:34	tq4k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This refers to the person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
465	18:35	juz2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the writer speaks of God’s protection as if it were a shield. The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “your protection and saved me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
466	18:35	x6rm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here God’s right hand represents his power. Alternate translation: “Your power has supported me” or “You have supported me by your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
467	18:35	yr5f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here God’s favor represents him acting according to his favor. Alternate translation: “You have made me great according to your favor” or “By your kindness, you have made me great” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
468	18:36	ui92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the safety that God has provided as if it were a wide place for him to stand. Here “my feet” represent the person. Alternate translation: “a safe place for me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
469	18:36	qhq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my feet” refers to the person. The writer refers to the safety of God’s protection as if he were standing on a place where he will not slip or fall. Alternate translation: “I have not slipped” or “I am doing well” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
470	18:38	v638				0	“I crushed them” or “I broke them to pieces”
471	18:38	z8w8				0	“unable to stand”
472	18:38	af9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means the Psalmist has defeated his enemies. Alternate translation: “I have defeated all of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
473	18:39	t3xr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The Psalmist says that Yahweh has given him strength that surrounds and supports him like a belt. See how you translated this in Psalms 18:32. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
474	18:39	xyh3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here the Psalmist speaks of the defeat of his enemies as if he were standing on them. Alternate translation: “you defeat for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
475	18:39	xyp2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This refers to those who oppose the Psalmist. Alternate translation: “those who are my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
476	18:40	h5yv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. Alternate translation: “You gave me victory over my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
477	18:40	m3tx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. Possible images are (1) David could cut his enemies’ heads off at the neck or (2) David could put his foot down on his enemies’ necks or (3) David could see his enemies’ backs when they ran away from him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
478	18:40	gp8b				0	“I defeated those who hated me” or “I destroyed completely those who hated me”
479	18:41	whl5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means Yahweh did not provide any help. Alternate translation: “but he did not help them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
480	18:42	tjm8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The psalmists enemies are compared to dust to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
481	18:42	vu6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The psalmist’s enemies are compared to mud in the streets to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
482	18:43	t95d				0	disagreements, arguments
483	18:43	i9s6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “head” represents the ruler. Alternate translation: “appointed me to be the ruler over many nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
484	18:44	c7dv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God forced foreigners to bow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
485	18:45	t4uc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here “trembling” shows that they were very afraid. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “foreigners came shaking, showing that they were very afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
486	18:46	w5z5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he is my rock and he should be praised” or “may people praise my rock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
487	18:46	mv1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the writer speaks of Yahweh’s protection as if he were a rock that prevented his enemies from reaching him. See how you translated this in Psalms 18:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
488	18:46	h9ey		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May people exalt the God of my salvation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
489	18:46	xf2h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “salvation” can be stated as “saved” or “rescued.” Alternate translation: “the God who rescued me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
490	18:47	v7ab		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	To “execute vengeance” means to punish people for their evil actions. This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “vengeance.” Alternate translation: “the God who punishes people for the evil things they have done to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
491	18:48	l9y3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has set me free” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
492	18:48	z54b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh’s protection of the writer is spoken of as if he lifted the writer up so high that his enemies could not reach him to harm him. Alternate translation: “you put me in a safe place high above” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
493	18:48	k73f				0	“who attacked me” or “who rebelled against me”
494	18:48	inl3				0	“cruel men” or “savage men”
495	18:49	f8x9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here the writer means that he will give thanks to Yahweh so that all people will hear of Yahweh’s greatness. Alternate translation: “so all the nations will hear about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
496	18:49	qvh1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “name” represents God himself. Alternate translation: “in honor of your name” or “to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
497	18:50	ggt6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	By using the words “his king,” David is referring to himself as king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
498	18:50	sw5u				0	“he faithfully loves me as he promised in his covenant, and he will love my descendants forever”
499	19:intro	sn29				0	Psalm 019 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 19 is a praise psalm, praising God for his creation and for his law. Special concepts in this chapter God’s law God’s law keeps people from sinning. There are two distinct themes in this psalm. Verses 1-6 are God’s glory in the heavens and the second is praising God for his law. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
500	19:1	s9h1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
501	19:1	j4zh				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
502	19:1	mn6q				0	The heavens are described as if they were a person. Alternate translation: “The heavens show” or “The heavens look like they declare”
503	19:1	iz5q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The skies are described as if they were a teacher. Alternate translation: “The skies seem to make God’s handiwork known to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
504	19:1	a8iy				0	“his creation” or “the world that he has made”
505	19:2	c72h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	What is beautiful about creation is compared to speaking, as if creation were a person. Then those words are compared to water that flows everywhere. Alternate translation: “creation is like a person speaking to everyone” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
506	19:3	lmv7				0	These phrases express clearly that the first two verses were a metaphor. Alternate translation: “There is no real speech or spoken words; no one hears an actual voice with their ears”
507	19:3	pa4x				0	Other translations read “where their voice is not heard,” emphasizing that creation’s “speech” is available everywhere.
508	19:4	w3s6				0	David has just said that creation shows God’s glory.
509	19:4	c2us				0	This refers to the unspoken “words” of creation that show God’s glory.
510	19:4	r4zj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The words are described as if they were people who go out with a message. Alternate translation: “the words that creation speaks are like people who go out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
511	19:4	kf9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The implied words can be included in the translation. Alternate translation: “their speech goes out to the end of the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
512	19:4	bdz7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the writer speaks of the place that Yahweh created for the sun as if it were a tent. Alternate translation: “He created a place for the sun” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
513	19:4	n177				0	The word “them” probably refers to the heavens.
514	19:5	s244		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer speaks of the sun’s coming out as if it were a bridegroom. Alternate translation: “The sun is like a bridegroom walking joyfully toward his bride” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
515	19:5	xes3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This compares the sun to an athlete to emphasize the strength and brightness of the sun. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
516	19:5	l7b8				0	“a fast runner”
517	19:6	tah2				0	the line where the earth and the sky meet
518	19:6	wz8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here “other” refers to the other horizon. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “to the other horizon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
519	19:6	unx8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives		0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “everything feels its heat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
520	19:7	z9pg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The words “the soul” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “making a person strong again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
521	19:7	a789				0	“those who have no experience” or “those who have not learned”
522	19:8	spr1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	These words refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
523	19:8	nuk1				0	“are true” or “are correct”
524	19:8	t8c5				0	Possible meanings are (1) “bringing understanding to a person” or (2) “making a person healthy again”
525	19:9	xac8				0	“completely right”
526	19:10	x983		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh’s decrees are spoken of as if they could be bought and tasted. Alternate translation: “If you could buy them, they would be of greater value than gold … if you could taste them, they would be sweeter than honey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
527	19:10	e6s3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The word “valuable” is understood from the previous phrase and can be repeated. Alternate translation: “even more valuable than a lot of fine gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
528	19:10	k6x4				0	“pure gold” or “expensive gold”
529	19:11	y6a9				0	This word marks that there is more to the truth than what has just been said. Alternate translation: “Moreover”
530	19:11	s1f4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they warn your servant” or “they are a warning for your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
531	19:11	e73b				0	The word “them” refers to Yahweh’s righteous decrees.
532	19:11	nk1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	David calls himself “your servant” when speaking to God as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “I am warned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
533	19:12	uj5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This appears in the form of a question to add emphasis and can be translated as a strong statement. Alternate translation: No one can be aware of his own errors!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
534	19:12	gsx9				0	“from secret mistakes I have made”
535	19:13	j82u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom pictures the servant as being removed from the sins he does not wish to commit. Alternate translation: “Also, protect your servant from doing” or “Also, make sure that I do not commit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
536	19:13	z1tt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	David calls himself “your servant” when speaking to God as a sign of respect. See how you translated this in Psalms 19:11. Alternate translation: “I” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
537	19:13	b3bd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Sins are described as if they were a king that could rule over someone. Alternate translation: “do not let my sins become like a king who rules over me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
538	19:13	axe2				0	“innocent of rebelling against you” or “innocent of committing many sins”
539	19:14	l16r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	These expressions taken together describe everything a person says and thinks. Alternate translation: “the things I say and the things I think about” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
540	19:14	t28d				0	“receive approval in your sight” or “be pleasing to you”
541	19:14	bu1w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
542	19:14	vn8k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock that one could climb and be protected from his enemies. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you are like my rock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
543	20:intro	h99t				0	Psalm 020 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 20 is a royal psalm. It is probably a prayer for the king, perhaps when he first became king. Special concepts in this chapter Trust Trusting God is much better than trusting in military might. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
544	20:1	v6pl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	This Psalm begins with a group of people speaking to the king of Israel. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
545	20:1	h9gw				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
546	20:1	vrb5				0	The word “you” in this Psalm is singular and refers to the king.
547	20:1	pt3b				0	“in times of trouble” or “when you are in trouble”
548	20:1	dp3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Possible meanings are (1) here “name” is a metonym for God’s power. Alternate translation: “may the power of the God of Jacob protect you” or “may the God of Jacob protect you by his power” or (2) here “name” is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: “may the God of Jacob protect you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
549	20:2	b9ek		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God helping from his holy place is spoken of as if God were sending help. Alternate translation: “may Yahweh help you from his holy place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
550	20:2	y51h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	Both of these refer to God’s temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
551	20:3	yz44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The phrase “call to mind” is a way of saying “remember.” It does not mean God forgot. It means to consider or think about. Alternate translation: “May he remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
552	20:3	kyh3				0	The word “he” refers to Yahweh.
553	20:4	r6y3				0	“May he give”
554	20:4	wht8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “heart” stands for the entire person. The abstract noun “desire” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “what you desire” or “what you want” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
555	20:4	u619		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “plans” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “may he help you to accomplish everything that you plan to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
556	20:5	h4h3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive		0	Here “we” refers to the people. They will rejoice in the king’s victory. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
557	20:5	bw3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “name” represents honor or reputation. Alternate translation: “in honor of our God” or “for the reputation of our God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
558	20:5	p9n1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	“we will raise victory flags.” They would do this to show that they were praising God because he gave their king victory over his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
559	20:5	k3dy				0	“give you everything you request from him”
560	20:6	zm9a				0	This word is used here to mark a break in the psalm. It transitions from the people speaking to the king speaking.
561	20:6	nu7b				0	The word “I” probably refers to the king who is speaking in this section.
562	20:6	d8xz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	The king is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “me, his anointed one … answer me … rescue me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
563	20:6	bd3g				0	God dwells in heaven as well as in the temple in Jerusalem (Psalms 20:2).
564	20:6	xcm6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	God’s right hand represents his power. Alternate translation: “with his great strength he will rescue him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
565	20:7	f9cd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “chariots” and “horses” represent a king’s army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
566	20:7	xr24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The word “trust” is understood. Alternate translation: “other trust in horses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
567	20:7	mwu6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive		0	Here “we” refers to the writer and the readers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
568	20:8	e7uq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive		0	Here “we” refers to the writer and the readers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
569	20:8	q1tp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	The word “They” refers to the people who trust in chariots and horses. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bring them down and make them fall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
570	20:8	g7uv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	Both these verbs mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for losing in battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
571	20:8	y7lr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	“we will get up and stand up straight.” These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for victory in battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
572	20:9	c5i4				0	Possible interpretations are (1) the people ask God to protect the king or (2) the king continues to speak about himself in the third person.
573	20:9	brk5				0	Some translations understand the Hebrew differently. Some translate it as the people speaking to Yahweh their king. Alternate translation: “King, help us when we call you”
574	21:intro	mq8x				0	Psalm 021 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 21 is a royal psalm. The king is praying for victory. Victory in war comes from the power and help from God. Special concepts in this chapter Pronouns There is a shift in pronouns in this psalm. In verses 1-6 the psalm addresses Yahweh in second person but in verse 7 the psalmist uses third person before moving back to second person in the latter part.
575	21:1	k12k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
576	21:1	h69b				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
577	21:1	bt8s				0	It is implied that this is strength Yahweh has given the king to defeat his enemies. Alternate translation: because you, Yahweh, have made him strong enough to defeat his enemies”
578	21:1	bka2				0	“He rejoices greatly”
579	21:1	r5nd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that God has saved the king from his enemies. The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because you have saved him from his enemies” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
580	21:2	cey2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	“his heart’s wish.” Here “heart” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “his desire” or “what he wished for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
581	21:2	gez6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives		0	“have not refused him.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you have given him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
582	21:2	f8dh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “lips” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “his request” or “what he requested of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
583	21:3	q3ts		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “blessings” can be stated as “bless” or “good things.” Alternate translation: “you bless him greatly” or “you give him many good things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
584	21:3	px6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	To place a crown on a person’s head is a symbol of making him a king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
585	21:3	za3g				0	Here “purest gold” represents the great honor given to the king.
586	21:4	yzs5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “life” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “He asked that you cause him to live for a long time; you caused it to happen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
587	21:4	y4ml		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The idiom “the length of his days” refers to the duration of his life. Alternate translation: “a long life that lasts forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
588	21:5	i6i4				0	“The king’s honor” or “The king’s fame”
589	21:5	k3gt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“you have placed on him splendor and majesty.” Causing the king to be wealthy and powerful is spoken of as if splendor and majesty are objects that are placed on him. Alternate translation: “you have made him wealthy and powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
590	21:6	w2zk				0	“you allow him to have” or “you agree to give him”
591	21:6	rf4f				0	“a blessings that will last” or “a blessings that will stay”
592	21:6	v3m2				0	“the joy of being in your presence” or “the joy that comes from you being near to you”
593	21:7	mbf3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “because the Most High is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
594	21:7	j1gh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will remove him as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
595	21:8	w7ck		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “Your power will seize” or “You will powerfully seize” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
596	21:8	irz4				0	Possible meaning of all occurrences of “your” and “you” are (1) they refer to the king or (2) they refer to God.
597	21:8	yew7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. It emphasizes that God will give the king the power to stop his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
598	21:9	lmc9				0	“When you are angry and begin to act”
599	21:9	hhy3				0	The words “your” and “you” refers to either (1) God or (2) the king.
600	21:9	xdq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh or the king destroying their enemies is spoken of as if their enemies are wood and Yahweh or the king will throw them into a furnace. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
601	21:9	fc6d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both clauses mean basically the same thing. Yahweh completely destroying his enemies is spoken of as if his wrath is a fire that completely burns up his enemies. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
602	21:10	wsu5				0	The word “you” refers to either (1) God or (2) the king.
603	21:10	i3zy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that absolutely none of their enemies will survive. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
604	21:11	fhu8				0	“they planned.” The word “they” refers to the enemies of God and the king.
605	21:11	z63c				0	“to do evil things to you”
606	21:11	h29d				0	“they made a plan” or “they created a scheme”
607	21:12	bsd1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings for “you” and “your” are (1) they refer to the king or (2) they refer to God and speak about him as if he were a warrior with a bow and arrows. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
608	21:12	ti25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is a way of saying that God and the king will defeat their enemies in battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
609	21:12	ge87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This implies that he actually shoots his arrows at his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
610	21:13	aul7				0	Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh, show us that you are very strong” or (2) “Yahweh, because you are strong we will exalt you”
611	21:13	w52b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The words “sing” and “praise” share similar meanings. Here the word “power” represents God and his power. Alternate translation: “with singing we will praise you because you are powerful” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
612	22:intro	y7hl				0	Psalm 022 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 22 is a messianic psalm. It contains references to events during the crucifixion of Christ. It is also a psalm of individual lament and praise. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/crucify]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) Special concepts in this chapter Messiah Christ was despised and taunted by his enemies; but finally people all over the earth will bow down to him. New Testament usage This psalm is quoted in different places in the New Testament. Verse 1a is cited in Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34 as the words of Christ on the cross. Many of the events in the narratives of the crucifixion are mentioned in this psalm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]])
613	22:1	lw3l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
614	22:1	k951				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
615	22:1	ux16				0	This may refer to a style of music.
616	22:1	smt9				0	The writer repeats “My God” to emphasize that he is desperate for God to hear him.
617	22:1	a733		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses a question to emphasize that he feels like God has abandoned him. It may be best to leave this as a question. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “my God, I feel like you have abandoned me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
618	22:1	z48u				0	“you left me all alone”
619	22:1	fnk8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	Again the writer uses a question to emphasize that he feels like God is far away from him. It may be best to leave this as a question. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
620	22:1	y7ec		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer feeling like God is not listening to him is spoken of as if God were far from his words of anguish. Alternate translation: “why do you not listen when I speak to you about the anguish I feel” or “I have told you about my suffering but you do not come to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
621	22:2	dzu2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	The writer uses the words “daytime” and “night” to mean he prays to God all the time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
622	22:2	j5c4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I still speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
623	22:3	zle3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“the praises of Israel are the throne on which you sit as king.” The praises of Israel are described as if they are a throne upon which God can sit and rule, or as a house in which God can live. Alternate translation: “you are king and the people of Israel praise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
624	22:3	viy1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
625	22:5	u4pd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you did not disappoint them” or “you did not fail them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
626	22:5	vjq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives		0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you saved them” or “you did for them what they needed you to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
627	22:6	m3yz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of himself as if he were a worm. This emphasizes that he feels worthless or that the people treat him as if he were worthless. Alternate translation: “But it is like I am a worm and not a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
628	22:6	xml4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both of these phrase mean basically the same thing. The phrase “despised by the people” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone thinks I am worthless and the people hate me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
629	22:7	gq6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These three phrases share similar meanings and emphasize how much people disrespect him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
630	22:7	nu8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	This describes an action used to mock someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
631	22:8	v7ta		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony		0	The people are saying this to mock the writer. They do not really believe Yahweh will rescue him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
632	22:8	ip8x				0	“Let Yahweh rescue him”
633	22:8	h2ys				0	Possible meanings are (1) “for Yahweh delights in him” or (2) “for he delights in Yahweh”
634	22:9	lz9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The writer uses the word “For” to begin explaining why he is confused and asking God why he is not coming to help. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
635	22:9	g6i1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is a way of saying “you caused me to be born.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
636	22:9	h37n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means that he has been trusting in Yahweh since he was very young. Alternate translation: “even from the time that I drank milk from my mother’s breasts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
637	22:10	ua28		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The phrase “have been thrown on” is a way of saying that Yahweh has taken care of him as if Yahweh had adopted him as his own child. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “It was as though you had adopted me right when I was born” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
638	22:10	qi4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This implies that Yahweh has always taken care of the writer. Alternate translation: “you, God, have taken care of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
639	22:10	bd6c				0	“since before I was born”
640	22:11	tz1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Come close to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
641	22:11	mc7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks about “trouble” as if it were an object that is near him. Alternate translation: “for my enemies are near me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
642	22:11	sub2				0	“there is no helper”
643	22:12	e14p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were bulls. This emphasizes how dangerous and powerful his enemies are. Alternate translation: “I have many enemies and they are like bulls that surround me; they are like strong bulls from Bashan that surround me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
644	22:13	tfu9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions with the mouths open ready to eat him. His enemies may be speaking lies to discredit him. Or they may be threatening him and attacking him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
645	22:13	qv8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions. This emphasizes how powerful and dangerous his enemies are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
646	22:14	q64m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “It is like someone is pouring me out like water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
647	22:14	d2h5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer speaks about feeling completely exhausted and weak as if he were water being poured out of a jar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
648	22:14	pjf3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“all my bones are out of place.” It is possible the writer is in some kind of physical pain. Or he may be speaking of his emotional pain as if it were physical pain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
649	22:14	ws5l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer speaks about no longer having courage as if his heart melted like wax. Here “heart” represents “courage.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
650	22:14	y32r				0	a soft substance that melts at a relatively low temperature
651	22:14	k6ki				0	“inside of me”
652	22:15	fpb6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer speaks about feeling weak as if his strength were like a dry piece of pottery that can easily break. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
653	22:15	w7be				0	an object made of baked clay that can be used in the house
654	22:15	g95x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“my tongue sticks to the top of my mouth.” The writer may be describing his extreme thirst. Or he may be continuing to speak about being weak as if he were completely dry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
655	22:15	z793		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings for “dust of death” are (1) it refers to a person turning to dust after they die. Alternate translation: “You are about to let me die and become dust” or (2) it is a way of speaking about the grave, which would mean God is causing the writer to die. Alternate translation: “You have laid me in my grave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
656	22:15	m487		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you		0	The “you” is singular and refers to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
657	22:16	un7f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs. His enemies are coming close to him like wild dogs do to a dying animal. Alternate translation: “my enemies are like dogs that have surrounded me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
658	22:16	np5i				0	“a group of evildoers” or “a gang of evildoers”
659	22:16	i2n1				0	stood in a circle
660	22:16	x42c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This continues the dog metaphor. The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs that are biting and piercing his hands and feet with their teeth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
661	22:16	ai5d				0	stabbed through something with a sharp object
662	22:17	est5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) the writer is so thin that he can see his bones. Alternate translation: “I can see all of my bones” or “I can feel each of my bones” or (2) this continues the dog metaphor and the writer can see his bones after the dogs have ripped his flesh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
663	22:17	ce23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The words “look” and “stare” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that people look at him awkwardly and make fun of him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
664	22:18	fb7u				0	“my clothes”
665	22:19	v12t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Be very close” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
666	22:19	y71k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “strength” represents Yahweh who gives him strength. Alternate translation: “you who give me strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
667	22:20	ly82		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “soul” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Rescue me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
668	22:20	a8wk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The sword is a common way of referring to a violent enemy. Alternate translation: “those who want to kill me” or “my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
669	22:20	li5b				0	“my precious life” or “the only life I have”
670	22:20	a1qv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the claws stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes this part of the animal because it is what the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
671	22:20	h8vu				0	The word “wild” here means that no one has captured and tamed the animal.
672	22:21	vl96		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions and wild oxen to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the mouth and horns stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes these parts of the animals because they are what the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
673	22:21	wgw6				0	The word “wild” here means that no one has captured and tamed the animal.
674	22:22	vq9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“I will make known your name.” Here “name” stands for God’s character or reputation. Alternate translation: “I will talk about your character” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
675	22:22	k6ii				0	Here “brothers” means “my fellow Israelites” or “my fellow worshipers of Yahweh”
676	22:22	t5p8				0	“when my fellow Israelites and I gather together” or “when I am surrounded by my fellow worshipers of Yahweh”
677	22:23	wl3v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you		0	Here “You” is plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
678	22:23	yc8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both of these refer to the same group of people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
679	22:23	rs9u				0	“Be full of awe for him” or “Let God’s power amaze you”
680	22:24	t6pw				0	Possible meanings are (1) he has not despised the afflicted one because he is suffering or (2) he has not belittled the suffering of the afflicted one
681	22:24	q54x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that God has not forgotten the one who is afflicted and suffering. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
682	22:24	w7tf				0	strongly disliked or hated
683	22:24	h5t5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here, suffering is a metonym for the person who suffers. To abhor something is to think of it as horrible. Alternate translation: “he has not … thought of the afflicted one who suffers as horrible” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
684	22:24	y2dq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	Possible meanings are (1) the author was speaking about how God treats people who are suffering. Alternate translation: “those who suffer … from them … those who are suffering cried” or (2) the author was speaking specifically about how God treated him. Alternate translation: “my suffering because of my affliction … from me … I cried” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
685	22:24	r4zy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Hiding one’s face from someone represents ignoring him. Alternate translation: “has not turned his attention away from him” or “has not ignored him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
686	22:24	fci1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	“he listened.” It is implied that he responded when he heard their cry. Alternate translation: “he answered” or “he helped” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
687	22:25	q298		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you		0	Here “you” refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
688	22:25	w4ny		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to sacrifices the writer promised to offer to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
689	22:25	zq18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	Here “him” refers to Yahweh. It can be stated as “you.” Alternate translation: “in the presence of those who fear you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
690	22:26	fhl9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to the fellowship meal which occurs after the writer offers to God the sacrifices that he promised. He will invite those who were suffering to eat a part of the animal he sacrificed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
691	22:26	jvb2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
692	22:26	x7ys		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “hearts” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “May you live forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
693	22:26	lv3f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you		0	Here “your” is plural and refers to the oppressed people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
694	22:27	sti4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Starting to obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the people physically turn toward Yahweh. Alternate translation: “will remember Yahweh and obey him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
695	22:27	s5k2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. The writer is emphasizing that everyone from every place will worship and obey Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
696	22:27	ves3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	This is a sign of giving honor and respect to someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
697	22:27	n554		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you		0	Here “you” refers to Yahweh. It can be translated in the third person to match the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “before him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
698	22:28	yp9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“For the kingdom belongs to Yahweh.” Here “kingdom” represents God’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
699	22:28	y3zn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “nations” represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “he rules the people of the nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
700	22:29	pb3y				0	The people will eat together at the feast. Alternate translation: “will eat together” or “will eat a festive meal together”
701	22:29	b7d2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both phrases refers to the same group. They both refer to all people because all people will die. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
702	22:29	fkt1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “dust” represents the grave. The phrase “descending into the dust” is a way of referring to someone dying. Alternate translation: “those who are dying” or “those who die” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
703	22:29	wbb7				0	“those who cannot save their own lives” or “those who cannot keep themselves from dying”
704	22:30	tak2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “A generation” represents the people of a generation. The phrase “to come” speaks about a future time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. Alternate translation: “People in the future generations” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
705	22:30	l73k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “generation” represents the people of that generation. Alternate translation: “the people of the next generation” or “their children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
706	22:30	j95t				0	“about the Lord” or “about what the Lord has done”
707	22:31	lt28		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “tell of the righteous things he has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
708	23:intro	r1f6				0	Psalm 023 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 23 is a psalm of praise to God for his continued care and protection. The psalmist praises God for always being with him and for caring for him. Important figures of speech in this chapter Metaphor Psalm 23 is an extended metaphor speaking of God as if he were a shepherd, and of the psalmist as if he were a sheep. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
709	23:1	h1x8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	In much of this psalm, David writes as if he were a sheep and the Lord were his shepherd. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
710	23:1	t39n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. This emphasizes how God cares for people as a shepherd cares for his sheep. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is like a shepherd to me” or “Yahweh cares for me as a shepherd cares for his sheep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
711	23:1	gb7q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I have everything that I need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
712	23:2	ez87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks about himself as if he were a sheep, and he speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: He gives me rest like a shepherd who leads his sheep to lie down in green pastures” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
713	23:2	p2p4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks about himself as if he were a sheep, and he speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: “he provides what I need like a shepherd who leads his sheep beside tranquil water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
714	23:2	l7sx				0	“calm water” or “water that flows gently.” This water is safe to drink.
715	23:3	jdm7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor		0	This psalm continues to tell about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
716	23:3	ic3m				0	This means God makes a person who is weak and tired to be strong and rested again.
717	23:3	nx5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Showing a person how to live in a way that pleases God is spoken of as if it were a shepherd showing a sheep the right path to take. Alternate translation: “He shows me how to live right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
718	23:3	ta7y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The phrase “his name” here refers to his reputation. Alternate translation: “for his reputation” or “so that people will honor him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
719	23:4	a7b6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor		0	This psalm continues to tell about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
720	23:4	fi66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer describes a person experiencing terrible trouble as if he were a sheep walking through a dark and dangerous valley. There a sheep could get lost or attacked by a wild animal. Alternate translation: “Though my life is like walking through a dark and dangerous valley” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
721	23:4	me3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “harm” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I will not be afraid of something harming me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
722	23:4	hqa2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you		0	Here “you” refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
723	23:4	yre6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The rod and staff represent protection because shepherds use them to protect their sheep from danger. Alternate translation: “I am not afraid because you protect me like a shepherd who protects his sheep with his rod and staff” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
724	23:5	ksk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor		0	Now the writer tells how God is like someone who welcomes a guest into his home and protects him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
725	23:5	nqn4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	A table represents a feast because people would put all the food on a table. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
726	23:5	b3bs				0	The meaning here is that the writer is not worried about his enemies because he is an honored guest of the Lord and therefore protected from harm. Alternate translation: “despite the presence of my enemies”
727	23:5	hh1r				0	People sometimes put oil on their guests’ heads in order to honor them.
728	23:5	w1iw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here a cup of wine that overflows represents many blessings. Alternate translation: “You fill my cup so much that it overflows” or “You give me many blessings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
729	23:6	y8zc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh being good and faithful to a person is spoken of as if goodness and covenant faithfulness are things that pursue after a person. The abstract nouns “goodness” and “faithfulness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “Surely you will be good and faithful to me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
730	23:6	ep2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “life” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “as long as I live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
731	23:6	u2bl				0	Possible meanings are that (1) this refers to Yahweh’s eternal home, or (2) this refers to Yahweh’s temple in Jerusalem. If possible, translate it so that both meanings could be understood.
732	23:6	u53m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom refers to the duration of his life. Alternate translation: “as long as I live” or “forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
733	24:intro	cw5j				0	Psalm 024 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 24 is a psalm of praise to God as the almighty God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/almighty]]) Special concepts in this chapter Righteous people Only the righteous come to worship God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Rhetorical Questions The psalmists uses several rhetorical questions. Each question forms a unit with a response. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
734	24:1	nne9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
735	24:1	hma5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “fullness” can be stated with the verb “fills.” Alternate translation: “everything that fills it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
736	24:2	v6lt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Here “founded it upon the seas” and “established it on the rivers” mean basically the same thing. The Hebrews of that time believed their land was supported by the oceans and deep underground rivers. Alternate translation: For he formed its foundation on the seas and built it on the deep waters” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
737	24:2	d2bq				0	These phrases are used together to refer to the huge deep ocean below the earth.
738	24:2	h6kl				0	“the water that is deep below”
739	24:3	e3ya		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both of these questions mean basically the same thing. The speaker is asking about who is allowed to go and worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
740	24:3	bda3				0	“will go up” or “will climb”
741	24:3	mz8v				0	This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem.
742	24:3	vj27				0	This refers Yahweh’s temple. His temple is on Mount Zion in Jerusalem.
743	24:4	g1lm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	Here “He” does not refer to a specific person. Alternate translation: “Those who have … who have … and have not” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
744	24:4	vsk8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “hands” represents what a person does. For his “hands” to be clean means he does what is right. Alternate translation: “who does what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
745	24:4	ikc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “heart” represents a person’s thoughts or motives. Alternate translation: “thinks good thoughts” or “does not think about doing what is wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
746	24:4	u76e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “falsehood” represents a false idol. To “lift up” means to worship. Alternate translation: “who has not worshiped an idol” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
747	24:5	z3wj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	The word “he” does not refer to a specific person. It refers to the ones with pure hearts mentioned in previous verse. The abstract noun “blessing” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
748	24:5	bc4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as “righteously.” And, “salvation” can be stated as “save.” Alternate translation: “God will deal righteously with him and save him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
749	24:6	n5aj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “generation” represents people in general. Alternate translation: “The people who seek him are like this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
750	24:6	h9nq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both statements mean the same thing. They both refer to those who go to the temple to worship God. Alternate translation: “the ones who approach God, they are the ones who may worship God, the one we Israelites worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
751	24:6	fbc7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Going to the temple to worship Yahweh is spoken of as if the person is literally seeking to find him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
752	24:6	tsi7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “face” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “the God of Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
753	24:7	yi4r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	The two phases are very similar in meaning. The words “gates” and “doors” refer to the gates of the temple. The writer is speaking to the gates as if they were a person. A gatekeeper would be the one to open the gates. Alternate translation: “Open up, you ancient gates” or “Open these ancient gates” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
754	24:7	z61a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the “head.” But, it stands for the gate as a whole. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
755	24:8	bp2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a mighty warrior who fights in battles. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
756	24:9	hl69		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	The two phases are very similar in meaning. The words “gates” and “doors” refer to the gates of the temple. The writer is speaking to the gates as if they were a person. A gatekeeper would be the one to open the gates. See how you translated this in Psalms 24:7. Alternate translation: “Open up, you ancient gates” or “Open these ancient gates” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
757	24:9	fk49		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the “head.” But, it stands for the gate as a whole. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
758	25:intro	utp4				0	Psalm 025 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 25 is a prayer for God’s help. Special concepts in this chapter The humble God is very good to humble people who seek to obey him.
759	25:1	sq2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
760	25:1	z3ls		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The phrase “lift up my life” is a metaphor. Possible meanings are (1) the writer is giving himself to Yahweh, which means he is completely depending on Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I give myself to you” or (2) he is offering prayer and adoration to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I worship and adore you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
761	25:2	m2b6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemies humiliate me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
762	25:2	ff1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	“rejoice in triumph over me.” The phrase “over me” implies that his enemies have defeated him and stand above in victory. Alternate translation: “defeat me and rejoice about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
763	25:3	jw7y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	“Do not let those who hope in you be disgraced.” Disgrace could come from being defeated by their enemies. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let enemies defeat those who hope in you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
764	25:3	haz8				0	“who trusts you”
765	25:3	r1zd				0	“act deceitfully” or “act with trickery”
766	25:3	le6f				0	“without a reason”
767	25:4	a1rg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both statements mean the same thing. God teaching a person how they should behave is spoken of as if he were showing a person the correct path on which a person should travel. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
768	25:5	ji5y				0	“I depend on you” or “I wait patiently for you”
769	25:5	t3bw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	Guide and teach mean the same thing, to give instruction. Alternate translation: “Instruct me to conduct my life by obeying your truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
770	25:5	zz1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as “saves.” Alternate translation: “the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
771	25:6	f922		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. This does not mean God forgot something. The writer is asking God to think about and consider his acts of compassion and faithfulness. Alternate translation: “Remember” or “Think about” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
772	25:6	uw7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “compassion” and “faithfulness” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “how you have been compassionate and faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
773	25:6	y7a2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here “they” personifies God’s compassion and covenant faithfulness. Alternate translation: “for that is how you have always been” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
774	25:7	ym66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “sins” can be stated as “sinned.” Alternate translation: “Do not think about how I sinned against you when I was young” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
775	25:7	ayg8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “rebelliousness” can be stated as “rebelled.” Alternate translation: or about how I have rebelled against you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
776	25:7	rmx6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. This does not mean God forgot something. The writer is asking God to think about him. Alternate translation: “Remember me” or “Think about me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
777	25:7	dzp2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “goodness” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “and be faithful to me because of your covenant, because you are good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
778	25:8	fe3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	How God wants a person to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which a person travels. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
779	25:9	sd77		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “humble people” or “those who are humble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
780	25:9	g5rh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	How God wants a person to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which a person travels. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
781	25:10	y1ce		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “paths” is a metaphor for ways. Alternate translation: “Yahweh always loves us because of his covenant and he is always trustworthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
782	25:11	i29u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The phrase “your name” here refers to Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “For your reputation” or “So that people will honor you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
783	25:11	zdw5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “sin” can be stated as “sinned.” Alternate translation: “please forgive me, for I have sinned much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
784	25:12	uen3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question introduces “the man who fears Yahweh” as a new topic. Alternate translation: “I will tell you about the man who fears Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
785	25:12	r5gg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	These words refer to any person who fears Yahweh, not a specific person. Alternate translation: “are those who fear … instruct them … they should” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
786	25:12	e57l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh teaching people how they should behave is spoken of as if Yahweh were teaching the people what way or path they should travel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
787	25:13	vwm7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	These words refer to any person who fears Yahweh, not a specific person. Alternate translation: “Their lives … their descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
788	25:13	f8pb				0	“God will cause him to prosper” or “God will cause them to prosper”
789	25:14	m7sj				0	“Yahweh is a friend to those.” Some translate it as “Yahweh confides in those.” His confiding in them shows the intimate friendship he has with them.
790	25:15	utj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “eyes” represents looking. It is implied that he looks to Yahweh for help. Alternate translation: “I always look to Yahweh to help me” or “I always depend on Yahweh to help me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
791	25:15	mb6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A net is a trap. A person who is in danger is spoken of as if their feet are tangled in a net. Alternate translation: He will rescue me from danger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
792	25:16	jm85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh paying attention to a person and considering him is spoken of as if Yahweh were physically turning towards the person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
793	25:17	lu85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “heart” represents a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I feel more and more troubled” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
794	25:17	t6l8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“bring me out of my distress.” This speaks of distress as if it were a place that a person can be brought out of. Alternate translation: “rescue me from my distress” or “relieve me of my distress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
795	25:17	px9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “distress” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “the things that distress me” or “the things that cause me to be afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
796	25:18	gp57				0	“Notice my affliction”
797	25:18	kwp4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “affliction” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the things that afflict me” or “how afflicted I am” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
798	25:18	my25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “toils” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “the things that trouble me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
799	25:19	it1s				0	“they hate me cruelly” or “they hate me fiercely”
800	25:20	zk7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemies humiliate me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
801	25:20	y36b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
802	25:21	b36j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This speaks about “integrity” and “uprightness” as if they were persons who could keep another person safe. These abstract nouns can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “May being honest and doing what is right preserve me” or “Preserve me, Lord, because I am honest and do what is right” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
803	25:21	d4fj				0	“keep me safe”
804	25:22	vj9z				0	“Save Israel” or “Redeem Israel”
805	25:22	msf4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel … our troubles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
806	26:intro	q9dz				0	Psalm 026 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 26 is a teaching psalm; showing people how they should live by the example of the psalmsist. Special concepts in this chapter Praise The psalmist delights in praising God and doing good deeds. It is striking how this psalm uses the first person pronoun. This is an individual psalm of petition. Each of the four petitions are accompanied with various claims. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
807	26:1	h9z4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
808	26:1	b9cq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “walked” is a metaphor for behavior. Alternate translation: “I have behaved” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
809	26:1	am7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	The third person use of “Yahweh” can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “in you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
810	26:1	a4v9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Doubting is spoken of as if it were losing balance and waving back and forth. Alternate translation: “without doubting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
811	26:2	zxg5				0	“Try me”
812	26:2	iqe7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	Here “inner parts” and “heart” mean motives. Alternate translation: “test whether my motives are good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
813	26:3	qc7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “eyes” represent a person’s thoughts and having something before one’s eyes represents being aware of that thing. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “For I am always aware of your covenant faithfulness” or “For I am always aware that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
814	26:3	am2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “walk” is a metaphor for behavior. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I conduct my life according to your faithfulness” or “I behave the way I do because you are faithful” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
815	26:4	b17j				0	“I do not keep company with” or “I do not sit with”
816	26:4	j2s7				0	“with those who deceive others”
817	26:4	u6k2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	This means the same as the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “and I do not join with dishonest people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
818	26:4	t3xy				0	“hypocrites” or “those who lie to others”
819	26:5	hc11				0	“those who gather to do evil”
820	26:5	ees1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This is a nominal adjective. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
821	26:6	idg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	This seems to refer to a ritual washing of hands in water to symbolize freedom from sin and guilt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
822	26:6	u7rx				0	This was an action of worship that the Israelites were accustomed to doing.
823	26:8	ywm8				0	Possible meanings are (1) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem or (2) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there.
824	26:8	adz5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “glory” represents the presence and power of God, which is similar to a very bright light. Alternate translation: “the place where people can see the glorious light of your presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
825	26:9	k89i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“Sweep away” here is a metaphor for destruction. Alternate translation: “Do not destroy me along with sinners” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
826	26:9	gb7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The word “sweep” is understood. Alternate translation: “or sweep my life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
827	26:9	dsi8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “bloodthirsty” represents wanting to kill people. Alternate translation: “people who are eager to shed others’ blood” or “murderers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
828	26:10	gku4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	“Hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “people in which” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
829	26:10	g7rx				0	“a wicked plan”
830	26:11	qm5d				0	This phrase shows that the writer is changing from speaking about wicked people to talking about himself.
831	26:11	vu5m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“Walk” here is a metaphor for behavior. Alternate translation: “I will behave with integrity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
832	26:12	xe4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I stand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
833	26:12	apj3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are that “level ground” represents (1) a safe place or (2) right behavior (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
834	26:12	p8c6				0	“when I gather with the people of Israel I will praise you”
835	27:intro	ru1e				0	Psalm 027 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 27 is a psalm of praise to God because God keeps the psalmist safe from all his enemies. Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s help Because of God’s help, he has nothing to fear, no matter what happens. The psalmist shows his confidence in God; he also asks God for help.
836	27:1	cx3f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
837	27:1	pgd5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “light” represents life. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the source of my life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
838	27:1	f2iu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should fear. Alternate translation: “I will not be afraid of anyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
839	27:1	gdw7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks about Yahweh as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who keeps me safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
840	27:1	b7ym		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question emphasizes that there is no one that David should be afraid of. Alternate translation: “I will not dread anyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
841	27:2	b8ta		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Destroying someone completely is spoken of as if it were devouring a person’s flesh. He did not mean that they wanted to eat his body. Alternate translation: “to destroy me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
842	27:2	afd9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These words mean the same thing. These are the evildoers who came near to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
843	27:2	gj21		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This represents the writer’s enemies failing to fulfill their plans to harm the writer. Alternate translation: “did not succeed” or “failed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
844	27:3	a7hp				0	“though an army surrounds me” or “though an army puts its tents around me”
845	27:3	nqv6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will not be afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
846	27:3	bf9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer’s enemies are spoken of as if they themselves were a war. Alternate translation: “though my enemies come to fight against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
847	27:3	z488				0	“I will continue to trust God to help me”
848	27:4	p5pc				0	“I have asked Yahweh to let me do”
849	27:4	vpq5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person really wanting something and continually asking God for it is spoken of as if he were seeking to find something. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
850	27:4	gb9g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The wonderful character of God is spoken of as if it were physical beauty. Alternate translation: “to see how wonderful Yahweh is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
851	27:4	c2a9				0	Possible meanings are (1) “to ask God what he wants me to do” or (2) “to think carefully about God in his temple.”
852	27:5	cv9f				0	“in times of trouble” or “when I have troubles”
853	27:5	vjd7				0	“he will protect me”
854	27:5	cc6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both of these refer to the tabernacle where the writer is worshiping God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
855	27:5	mz3d				0	The word “cover” represents something that hides and protects.
856	27:5	j6tu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God keeping the writer safe from his enemies is spoken of as if God were placing him on a high rock where his enemies cannot reach him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
857	27:6	a3t2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This represents the writer receiving pride or honor when he defeats his enemies. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will honor me when I win the fight against my enemies” or “God will honor me by enabling me to defeat my enemies” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
858	27:7	p3lq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The “voice” often represents a person who speak or calls out. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, hear me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
859	27:7	q1ev		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This implies that Yahweh hears the writer’s prayer and Yahweh will do what the writer asks. Alternate translation: “answer my prayer” or “do what I request of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
860	27:8	jx52		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “heart” represents a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “In my heart I say” or “I say to myself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
861	27:8	kc98		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person going to the temple to pray to Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking to find Yahweh. Here “face” represents all of God. Alternate translation: “Go and pray to Yahweh” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
862	27:8	lv4r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person going to the temple to pray to Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking to find Yahweh. Here “face” represents all of God. Alternate translation: “I will come to your temple to pray to you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
863	27:9	uv72		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The face here represents Yahweh’s attention, and hiding the face represents rejecting someone. Alternate translation: “Do not reject me” or “Do not stop taking care of me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
864	27:9	n49l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	David said “your servant” to refer to himself in a humble way. Alternate translation: “do not be angry with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
865	27:9	p7vh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The words “forsake” and “abandon” mean the same thing. The writer is emphasizing that he does not want God to leave him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
866	27:9	j546		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “and do not” are understood. Alternate translation: “and do not abandon me” or “and do not leave me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
867	27:9	sm12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as “saves.” Alternate translation: God who saves me” or “because you are the God who saves me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
868	27:10	w897		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo		0	“Even if my father and my mother were to forsake me.” He is not saying that they actually have done this or that they would do it. His point is that even if they did that, God would not abandon him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
869	27:10	n75n				0	“Yahweh will keep me” or “Yahweh will take care of me”
870	27:11	z7b8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	How a person should behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path that person should travel. Alternate translation: “Teach me how you want me to live” or “Teach me to do what you want me to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
871	27:11	r72j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh keeping the writer safe from his enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh leads the writer on a level path where he will not stumble and fall. Alternate translation: “Keep me safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
872	27:12	gs3s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “desires” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Do not let my enemies do to me what they desire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
873	27:12	s7ry		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	“Risen up” here is an idiom meaning that a witness stood in court to present testimony. Alternate translation: “have stood up in order to speak against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
874	27:12	ez4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here violence is spoken for as if it was something a person could breathe out. Alternate translation: “they say that they will do violent things to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
875	27:13	ts3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This rhetorical question can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Something bad would have happened to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
876	27:13	c72l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “goodness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the good things that Yahweh does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
877	27:13	wld8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This refers to being alive. Alternate translation: “while I am alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
878	27:14	g4pq				0	This verse may be (1) the writer speaking to himself or (2) the writer speaking to others or (3) someone speaking to the writer.
879	27:14	m8gs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “be courageous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
880	27:14	yng1				0	This line is repeated at the end of the psalm as a way of ending the psalm.
881	28:intro	a18t				0	Psalm 028 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 28 is a psalm of prayer to God that he is not be punished along with the wicked people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapter Trust The psalmist trusted God completely and God rescued him. This is similar to psalm 7 and 17 because it is an individual lament psalm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])
882	28:1	p6ea		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
883	28:1	t7sd				0	“I call out loudly”
884	28:1	vx2c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is a metaphor for strength. Alternate translation: “my strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
885	28:1	y82h				0	“do not be silent to me” or “do not leave me alone”
886	28:1	y255		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	People who die are spoken of as if they are going down into the grave. Alternate translation: “I will die like those who are in the grave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
887	28:2	i4h9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “sound” refers to the content of his request. Alternate translation: “Hear my strong request” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
888	28:2	t7ig		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	Lifting up hands is a symbol of worship. The writer is not worshiping the holy place, but Yahweh who lives in the holy place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
889	28:2	a92a				0	Possible meanings are (1) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there, or (2) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem.
890	28:3	r4t6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God punishing people is spoken of as if he physically drags them away. In this metaphor Yahweh may be dragging them to prison, exile, or death. Alternate translation: “Do not remove me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
891	28:3	y9zp				0	Here “neighbors” refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “who speak peacefully with other people”
892	28:3	y46g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hearts” represents a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “but are thinking something evil about them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
893	28:4	g3b9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used together to emphasize that they deserve for God to punish them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
894	28:4	z39d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hands” represent what the person has done. Alternate translation: “the things they have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
895	28:4	d21y				0	“give them what they deserve”
896	28:5	vma7				0	Possible meanings are (1) David is confident about what God will do to wicked people or (2) David is asking God to destroy the wicked people.
897	28:5	b1cw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that “do not understand” means they ignore or do not honor Yahweh’s works. Alternate translation: “they do not regard with honor what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
898	28:5	a757		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hands” represents what Yahweh has done or created. Alternate translation: “what he has created” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
899	28:5	uqh3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The punishment of the wicked people is spoken of as if they were a building or a city that God would destroy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
900	28:6	jfr4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “sound” represents what the writer said. Alternate translation: “has heard what I said when I pleaded to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
901	28:7	g4ne		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as “strong.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes me strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
902	28:7	vh7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This represents Yahweh’s protecting the writer. Alternate translation: “he protects me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
903	28:7	r9jp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I trust” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
904	28:7	bl9l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he helps me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
905	28:7	uts5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I greatly rejoice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
906	28:8	pd6u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as “strong.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes his people strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
907	28:8	vd99		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh keeping the king safe is spoken of as if Yahweh were a place that the king could go for safety. Alternate translation: “he keeps safe the one he appointed to be king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
908	28:8	yh2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The represents the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
909	28:9	at1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks about the people of God as if they were something God inherited. Alternate translation: “your possession” or “those who belong to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
910	28:9	e7e7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a shepherd and the people are his sheep. A shepherd would carry a sheep if it needed help or protection. Alternate translation: “Be like their shepherd and protect them forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
911	29:intro	b4tt				0	Psalm 029 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 29 is a worship psalm. It tells how Yahweh rules all nature. Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s power God is powerful. All he has to do is to speak in order to control nature. Important figures of speech in this chapter Metonymy The voice of the Yahweh stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
912	29:1	kq7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
913	29:1	bc7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The phrase “sons of” is a way of saying “having the characteristics of.” Alternate translation: “you mighty men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
914	29:1	i354		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “glory” and “strength” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “praise Yahweh because he is glorious and strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
915	29:2	yv1p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “glory” can be stated as a verb or adjective. Alternate translation: “Honor Yahweh just as his name deserves” or “Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
916	29:2	rcj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The phrase “his name” refers to Yahweh or his reputation. Alternate translation: “as is proper because of who he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
917	29:2	e4f6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. Alternate translation: “Bow down to worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
918	29:2	da1b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “splendor” and “holiness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “because he is gloriously beautiful and holy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
919	29:3	dml8				0	The psalm shows Yahweh’s power and glory.
920	29:3	t9g6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	God’s voice is louder and clearer than all other sounds and noises. It can be heard over other loud sounds such as the sound of the waters. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh speaks his voice is louder than the sound of the sea” or “Yahweh shouts louder than the sound of the waters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
921	29:3	z58f				0	This refers to the seas or the oceans. These waters make a very loud noise as the waves rise and fall.
922	29:3	u41c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	All occurrences of “voice” here represent Yahweh speaking. The writer is emphasizing that when Yahweh speaks, the sound is so loud it is heard over the waters, and it is so powerful it can destroy the largest trees. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh speaks, his voice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
923	29:3	b7zk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks about God speaking as if it were the sound of thunder. Just like the sound of thunder, Yahweh’s voice can be heard over large distances. Alternate translation: “The voice of the glorious God is loud like thunder” or “When the glorious God speaks it rumbles like thunder” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
924	29:3	srk7				0	“over the large bodies of water”
925	29:6	s8av				0	The writer continues describing the power of God’s voice.
926	29:6	kdn3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The ground of Lebanon shaking is spoken of as if it were a young calf skipping. This emphasizes that when Yahweh speaks, the power of his voice shakes the ground. Alternate translation: “He makes the land of Lebanon shake like a calf skipping” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
927	29:6	y9uu				0	jump lightly back and forth
928	29:6	war4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “he makes” and “skip” are understood from the first phrase. They can be repeated here. The ground of Sirion shaking is spoken of as if it were a young ox skipping. This emphasizes that when Yahweh speaks, the power of his voice shakes the ground. Alternate translation: “he makes Sirion skip like a young ox” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
929	29:6	n725		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	This is a mountain in Lebanon. It is also called Mount Hermon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
930	29:7	wk16		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	All occurrences of “voice” here represent Yahweh speaking. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh speaks he causes lightning to flash in the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
931	29:7	rc8c				0	This refers to lightning.
932	29:9	ht1n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “voice” represents Yahweh speaking. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh speaks, the sound causes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
933	29:9	sqa7				0	“the large trees to shake”
934	29:9	f33q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Removing the leaves of the trees is spoken of as if it was removing their clothing. Alternate translation: “strips off the leaves from the trees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
935	29:10	mk7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This means that Yahweh rules. Alternate translation: “Yahweh rules” or “Yahweh is king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
936	29:10	b6k6				0	Here “flood” refers to waters that cover the earth.
937	29:11	vm7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “peace” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “Yahweh blesses his people by causing them to prosper and to live peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
938	30:intro	eee3				0	Psalm 030 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 30 is a psalm of praise and thanksgiving to God. The psalmist was near death but God rescued him. Special concepts in this chapter The psalmist’s death If he had died, it would not have been a help to God. But since God rescued him he can praise God.
939	30:1	iaj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
940	30:1	e8py				0	“This song was sung when the temple was dedicated”
941	30:1	ig1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God rescuing him and keeping him from dying as if God had drawn him up from a deep well. Alternate translation: “you rescued me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
942	30:3	gel6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Since “Sheol” was the place where dead people go, it refers to death. Alternate translation: “kept me from dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
943	30:3	sw64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my soul” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “brought me up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
944	30:3	ryd7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The “grave” represents death. Alternate translation: “from dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
945	30:4	jui4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “thanks” and “holiness” can be stated as “thank” and “holy.” Alternate translation: “Remember that God is holy and thank him” or “Remember what God has done because he is holy and thank him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
946	30:5	n3py		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	“his anger lasts only a moment.” The abstract noun “anger” can be stated as “angry.” Alternate translation: “he is angry for only a moment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
947	30:5	ls29		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “moment” represents a short amount of time. Alternate translation: “a short time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
948	30:5	zm7v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “favor” can be stated as the adjective “good.” Alternate translation: “but he is good to us all of our lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
949	30:5	vw11		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks about “weeping” and “joy” as if they were something that travels and arrives at a certain time. Alternate translation: “We may cry during the night, but the next morning we will be joyful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
950	30:6	v3a5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “confidence” is an abstract noun. The writer recalls a time when he was prospering and felt confident and safe. Alternate translation: “When I was confident” or “When I felt safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
951	30:6	p1kl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “shaken” is a metaphor for defeat. Alternate translation: “No one will defeat me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
952	30:7	d155		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “favor” can be stated as the verb “favored” or the adjective “kind.” Alternate translation: “when you favored me” or “when you were kind to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
953	30:7	m53d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer’s security is spoken of as if he were a strong mountain. Alternate translation: “you made me as secure as a high mountain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
954	30:7	q4uk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when you stopped helping me” or “when you rejected me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
955	30:7	y2rt				0	“I was fearful” or “I was worried”
956	30:8	m69p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The phrase “sought favor” means to ask for help. Alternate translation: “I pleaded for you to help me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
957	30:8	n1hs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	The writer is referring to Yahweh in third person. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “from you, my Lord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
958	30:9	npv8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses this question to emphasize that he would be of no value to God if he were dead. Alternate translation: “There is no advantage if I die and go down to the grave.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
959	30:9	h9v9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses these questions to emphasize that his dead and decayed body cannot praise God. Alternate translation: “The dust will certainly not praise you or tell others about how trustworthy you are.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
960	30:9	ds6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to the body of the writer which will decay and become dust when he is dead. Alternate translation: “my decayed body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
961	30:11	fh4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	It was customary for the Jews to dance when they were very happy. The abstract nouns “mourning” and “dancing” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “You have caused me to stop mourning and to dance with joy instead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
962	30:11	y5wj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Sackcloth was associated with mourning and sorrow. Alternate translation: “You have caused me to no longer be sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
963	30:11	l9jm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of gladness as if it were a garment that he could put on. Alternate translation: “caused me to be glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
964	30:12	b717		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my glory” refers to the writer’s soul or heart or inner being. This represents the entire person of the writer, who worships God because God has made him glad. Alternate translation: “I will sing praise to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
965	31:intro	j2an				0	Psalm 031 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 31 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist’s enemies thought they had defeated him, but God protected him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Abandonment Even though everyone deserted and despised the psalmist, God did not abandon him.
966	31:1	ggk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
967	31:1	yu4y				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
968	31:1	fs4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “I go to you, Yahweh, for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
969	31:1	f8jw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “do not let others humiliate me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
970	31:2	x6bw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	The phrase “be my rock of refuge” is a request for protection. The second phrase emphasizes the first phrase. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
971	31:2	tq1e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is spoke of as if he were a huge rock that would protect the writer from attack. Alternate translation: “like a huge rock on which I can be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
972	31:2	p9xb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a strong fortress in which the writer would be protected from his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
973	31:3	m5q1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is spoke of as if he were a huge rock that would protect the writer from attack. Alternate translation: “like a huge rock on which I can be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
974	31:3	d9h8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a strong fortress in which the writer would be protected from his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
975	31:3	kti8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	In this phrase “name” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “so that your name may be honored” or “so that I may worship you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
976	31:3	nm5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The words “lead” and “guide” mean basically the same thing and strengthen the request that Yahweh lead him. Alternate translation: “lead me where you want me to go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
977	31:4	xp2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer is spoken of as if he were a bird caught in a hidden net, and waiting for Yahweh to free him from the trap. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
978	31:4	pg5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is spoken of as if he is a place where the writer can hide from people who are attacking him. Alternate translation: “you always protect me” or “you give me constant protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
979	31:5	e3hz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	God is spirit, but he is here spoken of as if he has hands. Here “your hands” refers to Yahweh’s care. Alternate translation: “Into your care” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
980	31:5	ez3i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my spirit” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I place myself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
981	31:5	m7ux				0	“you are a God I can trust”
982	31:6	d1f4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish		0	Here the word “worthless” refers to all idols. This can be clarified in translation. Alternate translation: “Idols are worthless. I hate those who serve them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
983	31:7	z4ew		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The words “glad” and “rejoice” share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of joy. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will be very glad because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
984	31:7	x1wl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both of these phrases express the idea that God knows about the writer’s troubles. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
985	31:7	ji14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my soul” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “my distress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
986	31:8	x76g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my feet” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “You have set me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
987	31:8	d4bb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The Hebrews thought of wide open spaces as a metaphor for safety and freedom. Alternate translation: “a place where I am free” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
988	31:9	iv54				0	“I am suffering greatly”
989	31:9	amp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The terms “soul” and “body” are used to describe the complete person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
990	31:10	p8pm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “my life” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I have become very weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
991	31:10	nw2b				0	“because of my sorrow … because of my groaning”
992	31:10	l7fj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The phrase “is weary” is missing, but is implied. Alternate translation: “my years are weary with groaning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
993	31:10	a1r3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “My strength” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I have become weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
994	31:10	b5c7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “my bones” refers to the physical health of the writer. Alternate translation: “my health is failing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
995	31:11	n8g3				0	“people insult me”
996	31:11	w86t				0	“are shocked at my condition”
997	31:12	w6b3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	People do not think about dead people. The writer does not think people think about him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
998	31:12	dnb7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer speaks of himself as if he was completely useless. “as useless as a broken pot” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
999	31:13	ll6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	It is implied that “many” refers to people. Alternate translation: “many people talking about me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1000	31:13	pf7q				0	“scary reports from many sources”
1001	31:13	d84i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means to kill someone. Alternate translation: “kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1002	31:15	pr1h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “your hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “You have the power to decide my future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1003	31:15	c577				0	“from people who try to capture me”
1004	31:16	x22n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards him as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on him. Alternate translation: “Act favorably towards your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1005	31:16	hjf7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1006	31:17	fg5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let others make me feel ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1007	31:17	vud9				0	“I wish that God would disgrace wicked people!”
1008	31:17	mw8m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to “wicked people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1009	31:17	n96w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “in Sheol” represents death. Alternate translation: “Let them die so they cannot speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1010	31:18	rvr4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “May someone make these lying lips silent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1011	31:18	jqf6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	These represent lying people. Alternate translation: “people who lie” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1012	31:18	dig8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	Here “the righteous” refers to people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “that say terrible things about righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1013	31:18	r22l				0	These terms have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “with a complete lack of respect”
1014	31:19	c7i2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	This can be expressed with a verb. Alternate translation: “are the good things you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1015	31:19	dge4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh’s goodness is spoken of as if it was something that could be stored up like a harvest. Alternate translation: “that you are keeping ready to use” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1016	31:19	ld4z				0	“those who respect you greatly”
1017	31:19	iu38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. See how you translated this in Psalms 31:1. Alternate translation: “those who go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1018	31:20	q6pa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These phrases both mean that God protects them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1019	31:20	v252		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh’s presence is spoken of as if it is a strong building where the writer would be safe. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1020	31:20	dx2q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here a “shelter” represents a safe place. Alternate translation: “You provide a safe place for them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1021	31:20	jre5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “tongues” refer to the people who are speaking violent things against the writer. Alternate translation: “where their enemies cannot speak evil at them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1022	31:21	jkp6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “he showed me that he is wonderfully faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1023	31:22	uq2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You have removed me from your presence” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1024	31:22	aku2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here Yahweh is represented by his “eyes.” Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1025	31:22	pa4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	Here “plea” can be expressed with a verb. Alternate translation: “you heard me plead for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1026	31:23	a8kd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to the faithful people. Alternate translation: “the people who are faithful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1027	31:23	el6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “pay back” is an idiom that refers to punishment. Alternate translation: “he gives the proud people all of the punishment that they deserve” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1028	32:intro	le2f				0	Psalm 032 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 32 is a psalm of confession of sin. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Special concepts in this chapter Confession of sin This psalm tells of the sorrow of unconfessed sin; it also tells of the blessing of confession and of receiving God’s forgiveness. It is such a blessing when God forgives sin. Trouble comes when sin is hidden and not confessed. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]])
1029	32:1	w4yz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1030	32:1	tgw8				0	Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
1031	32:1	pzp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These phrases have similar meanings. They can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who God forgives his transgression and covers his sin” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1032	32:1	sch5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here sin that is forgiven is spoken of as if it were covered so that it can not be seen. Alternate translation: “whose sin is ignored” or “whose sin is deliberately forgotten” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1033	32:2	k682		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom Yahweh sees as innocent” or “who is not guilty according to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1034	32:2	m29u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “spirit” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “in whom there is not deceit” or “who is completely honest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1035	32:3	s6cx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my bones” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I was wasting away” or “I was getting weaker” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1036	32:3	svq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means “continually.” Alternate translation: “all the time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1037	32:4	j9jl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	These extremes include everything in between. Alternate translation: “all the time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1038	32:4	xw1r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “hand” refers to Yahweh. The entire phrase is an idiom that means “you afflicted me.” Alternate translation: “you made me suffer greatly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1039	32:4	fkc1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	David’s strength is compared to a small, green plant that turns brown and crumbles in the dry season. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1040	32:6	rpw8				0	“when they are in great trouble.”
1041	32:6	yl7l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Difficulties are spoken of as if they were a flood of water. Alternate translation: “Then when difficulties come like a flood of water, those people will be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1042	32:7	r54z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is spoken of as if he was a safe place from the attacks of the writer’s enemies. Alternate translation: “You are like a place where I can hide myself from my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1043	32:7	u3z7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This metaphor apparently means that Yahweh’s protection of the writer is the cause for songs of victory to be sung. Alternate translation: “Because of you I will sing songs of victory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1044	32:8	x1lw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The words “instruct” and “teach” mean basically the same thing and emphasize careful instruction. Alternate translation: “I will teach you everything about the way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1045	32:8	mh9j				0	Here the “I” is probably Yahweh who talks directly to David.
1046	32:8	s74m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Living in the correct way is spoken of as if it were a path that the writer should walk. Alternate translation: “how you should live your life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1047	32:8	lj3f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “my eye” refers to Yahweh’s attention. Alternate translation: “and direct my attention to you” or “and watch over you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1048	32:9	ry6h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer compares people with no understanding to horses and mules. Possible meanings are (1) the writer is speaking Yahweh’s words to his readers, “You all must not be like a horse … no understanding” or (2) Yahweh is speaking to the writer as though to a group of people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1049	32:9	g1b3				0	Two tools that are used by people to guide horses and mules go where the rider wants them to go.
1050	32:9	cv6w				0	“where anyone wants them to go.” The “you” here is singular and refers to no one in particular.
1051	32:10	ann9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh being faithful to a person and protecting that person is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness surrounded the person. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant, he will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1052	32:11	zxp2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “in Yahweh” refers to what Yahweh has done for them. “Be glad because of what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1053	32:11	n71r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to people. Alternate translation: “you righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1054	32:11	gs62				0	“shout joyfully” or “shout because of joy”
1055	32:11	ame7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “heart” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “people who are upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1056	33:intro	m4ih				0	Psalm 033 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 33 is a worship song. It tells how great God is. Special concepts in this chapter God’s power God is the creator and also the God of his people, Israel. Whatever he plans works out. He alone provides safety in battle.
1057	33:1	b979		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1058	33:1	x3gc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “in Yahweh” refers to what Yahweh has done for them. “Rejoice because of what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1059	33:1	jn1l				0	“to praise Yahweh is appropriate for upright people”
1060	33:4	mcg5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1061	33:4	t8rm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “upright” is used as a metaphor for something that is true. Alternate translation: “Yahweh always does what he says that he will do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1062	33:5	n6zg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	These abstract nouns can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “He loves doing what is right and just” or “He loves those who do what is right and just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1063	33:5	e631		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	People everywhere in the world being able to see evidence of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if his covenant faithfulness filled the earth. The abstract noun “covenant faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “People everywhere on earth can see that Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” or “Throughout the earth, there is evidence that Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1064	33:6	qhw8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “By using his word, Yahweh made the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1065	33:6	bb33		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to Yahweh’s word. Alternate translation: “by his word” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1066	33:7	xt7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1067	33:7	k6ey		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	“like behind a dam.” The writer describes the creation of the sea as if God piles up all the waters together. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1068	33:7	eg5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer describes the creation of the oceans as if God put them in a storehouse. Alternate translation: “he puts the oceans in their place, just like a man puts grain in a storehouse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1069	33:8	vc67		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to the people on the earth. Alternate translation: “Let everyone on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1070	33:8	ame6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “stand in awe” is an idiom that means “be in awe.” Alternate translation: “honor him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1071	33:9	c3h8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “stood in place” is an idiom that means “was created.” Alternate translation: “started to exist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1072	33:10	x22s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1073	33:10	zp3d				0	“Yahweh destroys” or “Yahweh breaks”
1074	33:10	r5ri		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “nations” refers to the people of these nations. Alternate translation: “the alliances of the people of different nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1075	33:10	sn2l				0	An alliance is an agreement between two or more nations to support each other in a war against a common enemy.
1076	33:10	evm2				0	“the intentions of the peoples” Alternate translation: “the evil plans of the peoples”
1077	33:11	gp8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “stand” is an idiom that means “endure.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1078	33:11	ww4p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The missing term “stand” is implied. Alternate translation: “the plans of his heart stand for all generations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1079	33:11	vhg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “his heart” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “his plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1080	33:11	lea7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	“for all future generations.” This is an idiom that means “forever.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1081	33:12	w4nk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “the nation” refers to the people of the nation. Alternate translation: “Blessed are the people of the nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1082	33:12	ph21				0	“who worship Yahweh as God”
1083	33:12	k4jm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The people Yahweh has chosen to worship him are described here as if they were an inheritance that he has received. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1084	33:14	r7tm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The place where Yahweh lives is spoken of as if it is above the earth where people live. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1085	33:15	ch4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hearts” refers to the thinking of these people. The writer speaks of Yahweh guiding the thinking of the people as if he were a potter who was shaping a bowl. Alternate translation: “guides their thinking as a potter shapes a bowl” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1086	33:16	w54n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A large army is not what saves a king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1087	33:17	hgn8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “a horse” represents the strongest part of the army. Alternate translation: “Having an army with strong horses does not provide security” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1088	33:18	v87c				0	This word shows that a new theme begins in this Psalm. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1089	33:18	fy9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “eye” refers to Yahweh’s attention. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s attention” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1090	33:18	y8yf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The idiom to “count on” means to “wait for” or to “expect.” The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adverb. Alternate translation: “those who expect him to act faithfully because of his covenant” or “those who wait for him to act because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1091	33:19	z5yv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “their lives” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “to keep them from dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1092	33:20	j64c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “wait” is an idiom that refers to trust. Alternate translation: “We trust in Yahweh” or “We hope in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1093	33:20	l55j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here Yahweh is spoken of as if he is a shield that protects soldiers in battle. Alternate translation: “he is our helper and protects us like a shield” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1094	33:21	ujv3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “hearts” refer to the people. Alternate translation: “We rejoice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1095	33:21	eu9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “holy name” refers to Yahweh’s holy character. Alternate translation: “in his holy character” or “in him because he is holy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1096	33:22	nn9g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh acting faithfully towards the people is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness were with them. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: “May you always act faithfully towards us because of your covenant, Yahweh” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1097	33:22	jye8				0	“as we hope for your help”
1098	34:intro	az5s				0	Psalm 034 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 34 is a teaching psalm and includes thanksgiving. It teaches that living right leads to a good life. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) The psalm does not relate directly to the superscription given about Abimelech. Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s help Good people can have problems, but God brings them through these. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])
1099	34:1	p9iv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1100	34:1	w9ay				0	Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
1101	34:1	j36y				0	“acted like a crazy person”
1102	34:1	m4gs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to a specific historical event that the Hebrews knew well. Alternate translation: “when he was in Abimelech’s house” or “when he was Abimelech’s prisoner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1103	34:1	klk3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “in my mouth” refers to David speaking about Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will always praise him out loud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1104	34:2	rk7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to people who are oppressed. Alternate translation: “the oppressed people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1105	34:3	me7c				0	The verb “praise” is a command to a group. Alternate translation: “Everyone should praise Yahweh with me”
1106	34:3	n56p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “lift up” is an idiom that refers to exalting Yahweh. Alternate translation: “tell people how great he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1107	34:3	hjw1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “his name” refers to Yahweh’s character. Alternate translation: “his character” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1108	34:4	def1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “sought Yahweh” means David was asking Yahweh for help. Alternate translation: “I prayed to Yahweh” or “I asked Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1109	34:5	t6s5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “look to” represents seeking help from him. Alternate translation: “Those who look at him for help” or “those who expect help only from him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1110	34:5	ndy9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom refers to their appearance as being joyful. Alternate translation: “are joyful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1111	34:5	caz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “their faces” refers to the people who look to Yahweh. It can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “they are not ashamed” or “they are proud” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1112	34:6	cib3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	David describes himself as an oppressed man. Alternate translation: “I was oppressed and” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1113	34:6	qw3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “heard” means that Yahweh helped him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh heard me” or “Yahweh helped him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1114	34:7	qu9z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The angel of Yahweh is spoken of as if he were an army that camps around someone in order to protect them. Alternate translation: “guards” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1115	34:8	qed8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh’s goodness is spoken of as something that can be tasted and seen. Alternate translation: “Try and experience that Yahweh is good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1116	34:8	j8ma		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a place where people can hide for protection from their enemies. Alternate translation: “trust him to protect them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1117	34:9	vv95		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Those who fear him will always have what they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1118	34:10	ch59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will always have the good things they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1119	34:11	ge81				0	Here this does not refer to literal sons of the writer, but to the people he is teaching about Yahweh. Alternate translation: “my students”
1120	34:12	gmc4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The implicit answer to this question is “every man.” This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Every man desires life and desires to live many days and have a good life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1121	34:13	h79u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases refer to the same thing and it is said in different ways to emphasize its importance. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1122	34:13	jy3g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “tongue” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “Therefore, do not speak evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1123	34:13	d237		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “lips” refers to the person speaking. Alternate translation: “do not speak lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1124	34:14	l778		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “Turn away” is a metaphor for avoiding evil. Alternate translation: “Refuse to do evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1125	34:14	sjg9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “seek” means to be concerned about peace. Alternate translation: “Try hard to live in peace with other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1126	34:15	x87w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “the eyes of Yahweh” refer to his careful watching. “The righteous” is a reference to righteous people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh carefully watches over the righteous people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1127	34:15	ihz6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here Yahweh is represented by his “ears.” To be directed toward something means to pay attention to it. Alternate translation: “he pays attention to their cry” or “he answers their cry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1128	34:16	b3yv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh will cause people to so completely forget them when they die that it is as if he used a knife to cut off any memory of them. Alternate translation: “so that when they are dead, people will forget them completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1129	34:17	ib9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “hears” means that Yahweh desires to respond to them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh pays attention to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1130	34:18	ers6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “is close” means “ready to help.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh is always ready to help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1131	34:18	km9m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is a nominal adjective that refers to people who are brokenhearted. Deep sadness is spoken of as if the person’s heart is broken. Alternate translation: “people who are very sad” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1132	34:18	zhw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	People who are deeply discouraged are spoken of as if their spirits are crushed. Alternate translation: “people who are deeply discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1133	34:19	s9nw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “the righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1134	34:20	p78v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “all his bones” is literal, but it also implies that Yahweh takes care of the entire person. Alternate translation: “He provides complete protection for him, he will not be harmed in any way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1135	34:21	zrq9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Evil is described as if it were a man who can kill people. Alternate translation: “The evil deeds of wicked people will kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1136	34:21	rj4c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to wicked people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1137	34:21	v5tb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will condemn those who hate the righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1138	34:21	a6li		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to righteous people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1139	34:22	pl7j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. It can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive everyone who takes refuge in him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1140	34:22	wb23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to him for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1141	35:intro	d3ln				0	Psalm 035 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 35 is a prayer for deliverance. His enemies are coming against him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Enemies When his enemies were sick, he tried to comfort them, but when he was in trouble his enemies use this as a time to attack him.
1142	35:1	u6dy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1143	35:2	uj8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer describes God as a warrior who is preparing himself for battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1144	35:2	f9eb				0	these are defensive weapons
1145	35:3	e4ia		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer describes God as a warrior who is preparing himself for battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1146	35:3	qr78				0	these are offensive weapons
1147	35:3	z8vr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) these enemies are literally chasing the writer or (2) this is a metaphor for people who are enemies of the writer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1148	35:3	k4rj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “say to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1149	35:3	wz6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	This can be stated without the abstract noun. Alternate translation: “I am your savior” or “I will save you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1150	35:4	w6yz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh shame and dishonor those who seek my life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1151	35:4	pv5x				0	“I desire that”
1152	35:4	s62m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “seek my life” means they desire to kill the writer. The writer is represented by his “life.” Alternate translation: “who are trying to kill me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1153	35:4	fq9w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh turn back and confound those who plan to harm me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1154	35:4	g34u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“be turned back” here is a metaphor for being unable to accomplish their goal. Alternate translation: “be unsuccessful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1155	35:4	mks4				0	“confused”
1156	35:5	wp56		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer’s enemies are spoken of as if they are chaff that is easily blown away. Alternate translation: “blown away by the wind like chaff” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1157	35:6	ayu2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “their way” refers to their lives. Alternate translation: “their lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1158	35:6	w5gp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This refers to a way that is hidden and dangerous. Alternate translation: “hidden and full of dangers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1159	35:6	ehs5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This refers to the angel of Yahweh being opposed to the writer’s enemies. Alternate translation: “works against them” or “opposes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1160	35:7	h8ne		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a net that they set to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “they want to catch me in a net like a small animal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1161	35:7	j68b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a pit that they dug to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “they wanted to capture me in a pit like a big animal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1162	35:7	kw8m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1163	35:8	iq5p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Destruction is spoken of as if it was a dangerous animal that would suddenly attack them. Alternate translation: “Let them be destroyed suddenly” or “Let them be surprised because you destroy them suddenly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1164	35:8	d6rv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The schemes of the wicked are spoken of as if they were a net that they place to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “the net that they placed in order to capture me like an animal and harm me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1165	35:8	e9d9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is the same metaphor as in verse 7. The net is intended to catch the writer. Alternate translation: “Let them fall into the pit that they dug for me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1166	35:8	n85r				0	Possible meanings are (1) fall into the pit of verse 7 or (2) fall into destruction.
1167	35:8	q1k1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “destruction” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “so that they will be destroyed” or “that is how you should destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1168	35:9	gv3z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because you save me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1169	35:10	dy1n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “bones” refers to the deepest inner being of a person. Alternate translation: “My whole inner being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1170	35:10	fcx1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The implicit answer to this question is that no one is like Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, there is no one like you … those who try to rob them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1171	35:10	kuz3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The words “poor” and “needy” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh saves many who need his help. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1172	35:11	j8nd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means they testify in a trial. Alternate translation: “volunteer to give a testimony” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1173	35:12	ns9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is a metaphor which means they give back evil in exchange for the good they have received. Alternate translation: “In return for my doing good things for them, they do evil things to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1174	35:12	j7e3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	These abstract nouns can be stated in other forms. Alternate translation: “evil things … good things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1175	35:12	v5ej				0	“I am extremely sad”
1176	35:13	jiu2				0	The word “they” refers to the “unrighteous witnesses” (Psalms 35:11).
1177	35:13	t4yd				0	“I showed that I was sad”
1178	35:13	gt7d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	This was a symbol of prayer. “with my head bent down in prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1179	35:14	zuy5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer was as sad as if his own brother had died. Alternate translation: “grieving as if my own brother was ill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1180	35:14	kn9w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer mourned as if his own mother had died. Alternate translation: “I mourned as if my own mother had died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1181	35:14	zqf9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	This was a symbol of pain and suffering. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1182	35:15	ff5f				0	“assembled together” or “came together”
1183	35:15	w4hv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means they came together for the purpose of attacking the writer. Alternate translation: “to make plans against me” or “to plan my destruction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1184	35:15	qu3u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the treated the writer as if he were a piece of cloth that they could tear to pieces. Alternate translation: “They attacked me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1185	35:16	l7dx				0	(1) “With the worthless people they ridiculed me” or (2) “Without respect they made fun of me”
1186	35:16	j13z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	This is a sign of anger and hate. “they made grinding noises with their teeth at me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1187	35:17	x3er		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This rhetorical question indicates that the writer wants God to stop simply looking on and to start to help him. Alternate translation: “how long will you only watch them doing this?” or “when will you help me?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1188	35:17	te6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “soul” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “Rescue me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1189	35:17	ygg1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The word “save” is implied. Alternate translation: “save my life from the lions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1190	35:17	kep3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1191	35:17	d2a8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the writer speaks of his enemies as if they were vicious lions. Alternate translation: “from my enemies who attack me like wild animals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1192	35:19	p53g				0	“Do not let my enemies, who tell lies about me,”
1193	35:19	a7lv				0	“their evil plans”
1194	35:20	pjw3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “peace” can be stated as “peacefully.” Alternate translation: “they do not speak peacefully to people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1195	35:20	sg2n				0	“look for ways to tell lies”
1196	35:20	e21a				0	“those who live peacefully in our land”
1197	35:20	p638		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “peace” can be stated in other forms. Alternate translation: “live peacefully with others” or “do no harm to anyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1198	35:21	vvg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The reason they open their mouths is to accuse the writer. Alternate translation: “They shout at me in order to accuse me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1199	35:21	b5wt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations		0	This is something an excited person says when he has suddenly seen or understood something, especially something other people did not expect him to see. It emphasizes the statement that follows. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
1200	35:21	s32p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “our eyes” refers to the enemies’ eyes. It is implied that they are saying they saw the writer do something wrong. Alternate translation: “we have seen it” or “we saw the wrong things that you did” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1201	35:22	gn7x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here “it” refers to the false accusations of the writer’s enemies. Alternate translation: “You have seen how they falsely accused me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1202	35:22	tt5p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	“do not ignore what they did” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “judge them because of what they did” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1203	35:22	a6yk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “be very close to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1204	35:23	hkj2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This does not mean that God is actually asleep. The writer wants God to intervene. Both words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the urgency of this request. Alternate translation: “I feel like you are sleeping! Wake up” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1205	35:23	g2zc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	This abstract noun “defense” can be stated as “defend.” Alternate translation: “to defend me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1206	35:23	qri7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1207	35:24	h9ku				0	“do not let them be glad because I am suffering”
1208	35:25	g22z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom that means to say to oneself. Alternate translation: “say to themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1209	35:25	lj61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations		0	This is an exclamation that is used when something is suddenly seen or understood. It emphasizes what follows. Alternate translation: “Yes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
1210	35:25	vuc2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that the writer’s enemies wanted him to be declared guilty. Alternate translation: “he has been declared guilty just as we desired” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1211	35:25	p58l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer’s enemies speak of his destruction as if they were wild animals who had eaten him. Alternate translation: “We have swallowed him up” or “We have destroyed him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1212	35:26	fck7				0	“May those who rejoice at my distress be put to shame and confounded”
1213	35:26	p6id				0	“May they feel shame”
1214	35:26	m9cp				0	“may they be confused” or “may they be humiliated”
1215	35:26	q1m6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May you clothe with shame and dishonor those who exalt themselves over me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1216	35:26	y2xu				0	“consider themselves better than I am” or “think they have the right to treat me badly”
1217	35:26	j7j7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	Here shame and dishonor are spoken of as if they were shameful clothes that the writer could wear. These abstract nouns can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “shamed and dishonored” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1218	35:26	he8a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These terms mean about the same thing and are used to emphasize how degraded they will be. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1219	35:27	ywv7				0	Here “vindication” refers to Yahweh proclaiming or judging the psalmist innocent.
1220	35:27	f434				0	“may they always say”
1221	35:27	zr5u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let us praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1222	35:27	l9kp				0	“who is happy with” or “who is glad for”
1223	35:27	ra7f				0	well-being, happiness
1224	35:28	b4q3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as “right.” Alternate translation: “proclaim that you act in the right way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1225	36:intro	a634				0	Psalm 036 General Notes Formatting in this chapter Psalm 36 is a psalm of praise. It speaks of how good God is to those who love him. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/love]]) Special concepts in this chapter God and man Evil people do not think about God; but he is such a pleasure to all who honor him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
1226	36:1	d19d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1227	36:1	hw62				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1228	36:1	eg5r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	This does not refer to a specific man, but to evil people in general. Alternate translation: “Evil people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1229	36:1	pzl6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “heart” refers to the inner being of a person. Alternate translation: “from his inner being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1230	36:1	zm16		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “eyes” refers to the wicked person. Alternate translation: “in him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1231	36:2	fd1w				0	“he prefers to believe” or “he wants to think”
1232	36:2	z7qc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not discover and hate his sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1233	36:3	v6yt				0	“What he says is”
1234	36:3	pir7				0	“do things that are good”
1235	36:4	d3zz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The sinful actions of the man are spoken of as if he was walking along a path that was evil. Alternate translation: “he begins to do evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1236	36:4	w34n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	Here “evil” can be stated in another form. Alternate translation: “he does not reject evil behavior” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1237	36:5	wiw8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The greatness of God’s covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if it were an object that reached as high as the heavens. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Your covenant faithfulness … is very great” or “You … are as faithful to your covenant as the heavens are high above the earth” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1238	36:5	m314		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The greatness of God’s loyalty is spoken of as if it was very high. Alternate translation: “is as high as the clouds” or “is enormously great” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1239	36:6	s49q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	These phrases describe the greatness of God’s righteousness and judgments as if they were very high and deep. Alternate translation: “as high as the highest mountains … as deep as the deepest sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1240	36:6	e8gt				0	“you help” or “you save”
1241	36:7	vs32		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “precious” refers to how greatly the writer values Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “I greatly value how you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1242	36:8	vy98		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Eating much food as guests in a house is a metaphor for God providing all his people need. Alternate translation: “They will have all they need because you will provide it to them” or “You have plenty to give, and you will provide them with all they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1243	36:8	mw7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	There are two metaphors here. God’s abundant blessings are spoken of as if they are the water in a flowing river. Also, those who receive those blessings are spoken of as if they are drinking them like water. Alternate translation: “your precious blessings are like a river from which you will let them drink” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1244	36:9	wc6m				0	“source of life”
1245	36:9	f7u5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “light” is a metaphor for true knowledge. Alternate translation: “when you enlighten us, we will know the truth” or “your light is what enables us to know the truth about you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1246	36:10	d1ua		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh continuing to act faithfully towards the people as if Yahweh were to extend his covenant faithfulness or make it longer. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: “Continue to act faithfully to those who know you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1247	36:10	jtd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “defense” can be stated as a verb. “Continue” is implied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “Continue to protect the upright of heart” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1248	36:10	qms7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “heart” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “the upright” or “people who act righteously” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1249	36:11	z9yf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “foot” and “hand” refer to the evil people. These are not specific men. This refers to evil people in general. Alternate translation: “arrogant people … wicked people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1250	36:11	a5wg				0	“send me away” or “make me leave my place”
1251	36:12	mm9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	All three phrases describe the evildoers as defeated. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1252	36:12	q7yf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have knocked them down” or “you have destroyed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1253	36:12	bmn7				0	“cannot get up”
1254	37:intro	tv7e				0	Psalm 037 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 37 is a teaching psalm. It provides guidance about how to live a moral and God-fearing life. It teaches that evil people do not prosper in the future. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapter Envy Do not envy evil people. Although it appears as though they prosper, soon they will be destroyed and the good people will continue on living. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])
1255	37:1	bd2s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1256	37:1	a1ye				0	“Do not let wicked people upset you” or “Do not be bothered by what wicked people do”
1257	37:2	y2vk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Evildoers are spoken of as if they are grass and plants that dry up and die in the hot weather. These two similes both mean they will die. Alternate translation: “die” or “come to an end” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1258	37:3	eb2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Faithfulness is spoken of as if it was an animal that would be strengthened by feeding in good pasture. Alternate translation: “nourish faithfulness” or “increase your faithfulness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1259	37:4	pbq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “heart” represents the person’s inner being and thoughts. Alternate translation: “your deepest, inner desires” or “the things that you desire the most” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1260	37:5	wt82		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “give your ways” is an idiom that means to ask Yahweh to control your life. Alternate translation: “Ask Yahweh to guide your actions in life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1261	37:5	i61n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is to represent another in legal issues. Here, when one trusts in Yahweh, he will defend that person and grant justice to that person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1262	37:6	lt22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both of these phrases mean about the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1263	37:6	n8jl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This means “in full view of everyone.” Alternate translation: “as clear to see as the light of day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1264	37:6	jt1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This means “as visible as the noon sun.” Alternate translation: “as visible as the light at the brightest time of day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1265	37:7	vgp6				0	“Be quiet”
1266	37:9	qq5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1267	37:9	ijv6				0	“but those who trust in Yahweh”
1268	37:9	rvq6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The possession of the land is spoken of as if it will be received as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “will receive the land as their own possession” or “will live safely in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1269	37:10	zbl4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom refers to the death of the evil man. Alternate translation: “will die and you will no longer see him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1270	37:11	ma58		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to the people who are meek. Alternate translation: “the meek people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1271	37:11	bs1x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The possession of the land is spoken of as if it will be received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in Psalms 37:9. Alternate translation: “will receive the land as their own possession” or “will live safely in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1272	37:12	vej2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	This does not refer to a specific man. It refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “The wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1273	37:12	k2zu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This does not refer to specific people. This refers to people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “the righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1274	37:12	y9px		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage		0	The wicked man hates the righteous person so much that he grinds his teeth together to show his anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1275	37:13	g21a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that “his day” will be a day of judgment. Alternate translation: “the day is coming when Yahweh will judge and punish him” or “the day is coming when Yahweh will judge and punish the wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1276	37:14	wde8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to the wicked people. Alternate translation: “The wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1277	37:14	yet9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Both “swords” and “bows” are weapons used to attack people. The fact that they are “drawn” and “bent” means they are ready to start attacking. Alternate translation: “have prepared their weapons in order to attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1278	37:14	f2i7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This destruction of the needy people is spoken of as if they were clay pots that would break into pieces when thrown down on the ground. Alternate translation: “to destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1279	37:14	r9uh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These terms both refer to people who are powerless to defend themselves. Alternate translation: “people who are not able to resist them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1280	37:15	p5xq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Swords are examples of weapons and “hearts” represent the people. To “pierce the heart” is an idiom that means “to kill.” Alternate translation: “Their weapons will be turned against them and they will kill themselves” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1281	37:16	d3e8				0	“It is better to be poor and righteous than to be wicked with great wealth”
1282	37:16	brs7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The nominal adjective “the little” refers to few possessions. The nominal adjective “the righteous” refers to a righteous person. Alternate translation: “Better are the few possessions that a righteous person has” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1283	37:16	w4rb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to the wealth of the wicked people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1284	37:17	psr9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “arms” represent the strength of the wicked people. Breaking their arms represents taking away their power. This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh will remove the strength of the wicked people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1285	37:18	f64m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	To “watch over” means to protect someone. Here “the blameless” refers to the blameless people. Alternate translation: “protects the blameless people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1286	37:18	ck1b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom that means “continually.” Alternate translation: “every day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1287	37:19	itw1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This phrase refers to disasters, such as famine. Alternate translation: “when calamities occur” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1288	37:20	y7p7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer compares Yahweh’s enemies to the flowers blooming in the fields. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1289	37:20	c5yy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the destruction of the wicked as if they were weeds or wilted flowers in the field that are burned off after the harvest. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will destroy them as fire turns the weeds of the field into smoke” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1290	37:21	bz3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These mean the same thing and emphasize the generosity of the righteous. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1291	37:22	u3r4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	This is a contrastive form of Parallelism. Those who are blessed by God in contrast to those who are cursed by God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1292	37:22	bf1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated as active. Alternate translation: “Those whom God blesses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1293	37:22	tev2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The possession of the land is spoken of as if it had been received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in Psalms 37:9. Alternate translation: “will receive the land as their own possession” or “will be allowed to live safely in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1294	37:22	u6uk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh curses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1295	37:22	n6u3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated this in Psalms 37:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1296	37:23	cq19		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	These can be stated to show the logical connection and clarify the passive clause. Alternate translation: “If a man lives in a commendable way in Yahweh’s sight, Yahweh will establish his steps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1297	37:23	fba1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the one who enables a man to be successful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1298	37:23	c8pu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	This does not refer to a specific man, but to people in general. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1299	37:23	na5m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Steps represent the way a person lives. Alternate translation: “the way a man lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1300	37:24	c1m3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “stumble” and “fall” refer to the man’s reaction to difficult times. Alternate translation: “Though he has difficult times, he will not utterly fail” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1301	37:24	k1r7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “his hand” refers to Yahweh’s power, and “holding him” refers to protecting him. Alternate translation: “protecting him with his power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1302	37:25	g5w1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh forsake the righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1303	37:25	nq7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1304	37:25	rv2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “bread” represents food in general. Alternate translation: begging for food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1305	37:26	jp6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means this action is a habit of his life. Alternate translation: “He is always (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1306	37:26	iry2				0	“his children grow up to bless others”
1307	37:27	v1dr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	To stop doing something is spoken of as if the person turned away from it. Alternate translation: “Stop doing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1308	37:28	ybg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect them forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1309	37:28	ga2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated this in Psalms 37:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1310	37:29	t6ic		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The possession of the land is spoken of as if it had been received as an inheritance. See how you translated this in Psalms 37:9. Alternate translation: “will receive the land as their own possession” or “will be allowed to live safely in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1311	37:30	u8ut		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to the people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “the righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1312	37:30	w34s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “mouth” represents the whole person who speaks. Alternate translation: “The righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1313	37:30	hy67		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “wisdom” can be stated as “wise.” Alternate translation: “gives wise advice to others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1314	37:30	xy8u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “encourages other people to live rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1315	37:31	bga8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “in his heart” refers to his deepest inner being. Alternate translation: “He treasures the commands of his God in his inner being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1316	37:31	nf23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here failure to obey Yahweh is spoken of as slipping off a safe path and falling. Alternate translation: “he will walk safely in the way God wants him to walk” or “he will safely do the things God wants him to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1317	37:32	jz23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	These words refer to any wicked or righteous person or to wicked and righteous people in general, not to specific people. Alternate translation: “Wicked people … righteous people” or “Any wicked person” or “any righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1318	37:32	w8bk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here the watching implies observing the righteous in order to do them harm. Alternate translation: “waits in ambush for the righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1319	37:33	ea9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	These words refer to the hand of any evil person, not of any specific person. Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “evil people’s hands” or “the power of the evil person” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1320	37:33	z9fb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This refers to Yahweh judging the righteous man. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh judges him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1321	37:34	eu5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “raise you up” refers to God giving honor to those who wait for him. Alternate translation: “he will honor you by giving you the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1322	37:34	lj8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1323	37:34	k2fq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 37:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1324	37:35	ec1h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1325	37:35	d6gn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Here the prosperity of the wicked man is spoken of as if he were a healthy tree growing in good soil. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1326	37:36	lz97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I could not find him” or “Yahweh had taken him away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1327	37:37	pn9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1328	37:37	cy8i				0	“note carefully the good people” or “notice the good people”
1329	37:38	dqj8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will end his family line” or “he will not have any descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1330	37:38	pn38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to his descendants. Alternate translation: “his descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1331	37:38	al71		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
1332	37:38	a22i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 37:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1333	37:39	m69g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “Salvation” can be expressed as an action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh rescues the righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1334	37:39	rjp3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to the righteous people. Alternate translation: “the righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1335	37:40	jus5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	This same idea is repeated in several different ways to emphasize that Yahweh is dependable and able to give aid. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1336	37:40	qwg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “they have gone to him for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1337	38:intro	ysy3				0	Psalm 038 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 38 is a confession of sin and a prayer for deliverance. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Author’s sickness The author was very sick and his enemies were seeking ways to destroy him.
1338	38:1	nsf9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1339	38:1	n1x9				0	Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
1340	38:1	nd38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These phrases mean basically the same thing and the idea is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1341	38:2	z5x4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The severity of Yahweh’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh had shot arrows into the writer. Alternate translation: “Your punishment is as painful as if you had shot arrows into me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1342	38:2	w3fq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if Yahweh was smashing the writer with his hand. Here, “hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “your power knocks me down” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1343	38:3	c6im				0	David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize the effects of this lesson.
1344	38:3	m6l5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my bones” represents the body of the writer. Alternate translation: “my whole body is diseased because of my sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1345	38:4	m7wm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer’s iniquities are spoken of as if they are a flood of water that covers him. Alternate translation: “my iniquities cover me like a flood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1346	38:4	p4hm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer’s iniquities are spoken of as if they are a heavy load that he cannot lift. Alternate translation: “they are like a load that is too heavy for me to lift” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1347	38:5	cy8n				0	David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize the effects of this lesson.
1348	38:5	yf37		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here “smell” refer to his sores having a bad smell that is associated with rotting flesh. Alternate translation: “My wounds are infected and stink as they rot” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1349	38:6	z27f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The pain of the writer’s wounds have caused him to be bent over as if he were an old, feeble man. Alternate translation: “I am bent over in pain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1350	38:7	b2u7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer’s is so sick with fever that it is as if he is burning inside. Alternate translation: “My body is burning with fever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1351	38:7	a9kv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my flesh” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “I am completely sick” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1352	38:8	zm7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer’s illness is so severe that it is as if a huge weight is pressing down on him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1353	38:8	z68c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my heart” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “my anguish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1354	38:9	f3ph		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my heart” refers to the writer. It may be helpful to state that the writer desires good health. Alternate translation: “My strongest desires” or “that I desire you to heal me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1355	38:9	dqp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you are able to see all my moans of sorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1356	38:10	ifg6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means his heart beats intensely. Alternate translation: “My heart beats loudly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1357	38:10	xnw5				0	“I become very weak”
1358	38:10	e7ld				0	“I can no longer see well”
1359	38:12	bt4z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The plots of the writer’s enemies are spoken of as if they were traps that they had set to catch him like an animal. Alternate translation: “set traps to catch me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1360	38:12	xc5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the hurtful nature of what these people say. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1361	38:13	z4gn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1362	38:13	hm4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1363	38:13	s5pm				0	a person who cannot speak
1364	38:14	th66				0	The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile)
1365	38:14	ir1x				0	The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile)
1366	38:15	px8y				0	Possible meanings are (1) “you will answer me” or (2) “you will answer my enemies.”
1367	38:16	gan3				0	“will not delight over my trouble”
1368	38:16	bq5f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my foot” represents the writer. The slipping of his foot is a metaphor that refers to the writer’s troubles and misfortunes. Alternate translation: “If I make mistakes that cause me trouble” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1369	38:17	s48p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) “I am so sick that I am about to die” or (2) “I will soon be ruined.” It may be best not to interpret the metaphor in the text. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1370	38:17	sbz5				0	“I am always in pain”
1371	38:19	ie1w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1372	38:20	ca7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The actions of the writer’s enemies are spoken of as a financial transaction where they gave him evil things in exchange for good things. The abstract nouns “evil” and “good” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “They do evil thing to me after I was good to them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1373	38:20	ai9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The way the writer’s enemies accuse him is spoken of as if they were throwing accusations at him like rocks. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1374	38:20	bbb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writers desire for what is good is spoken of as if he were running after good things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1375	38:21	czy3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1376	38:21	nrs8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Because Yahweh has not yet answered the writer’s request, he speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were standing far away from the writer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1377	38:22	zv2x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God is spoken of as if he is running to the writer to help him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1378	38:22	a3xa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “you are the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1379	39:intro	z1zc				0	Psalm 039 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 39 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Life Life on earth is short. The psalmist wanted God’s healing so he can enjoy the rest of his life. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]]) This psalm shares some characteristics of another wisdom book called Ecclesiastes or Koheleth but is more positive.
1380	39:1	lx3e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1381	39:1	rc8d				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship,”
1382	39:1	br39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	One of David’s chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1383	39:1	dv6b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “watch” is an idiom that mean “pay attention to.” Alternate translation: “I will pay attention to the things that I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1384	39:1	s4wx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “tongue” refers to the writer’s speech. Alternate translation: “so that I do not speak an offense against Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1385	39:1	e8kh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	To “muzzle” means to keep a mouth shut. Here David means that he will not speak while he is with an evil person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1386	39:2	fa7x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the writer did not speak at all. Alternate translation: “I was completely silent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1387	39:2	k9fs				0	“I did not speak”
1388	39:3	u5ie		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “heart” represents the whole person. The anxious thoughts of the writer are spoken of as if they were a fire burning inside him. Alternate translation: “I became very anxious when I thought about these things” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1389	39:4	vey1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1390	39:4	bac9				0	“Show me how brief my life is” or “Show me how soon I will die”
1391	39:5	in3w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of his lifespan is if it could be measured by the width of his hand. Alternate translation: “only a very short time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1392	39:5	ej3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This simile states that the length of the writer’s life is so short that it does not exist. This is an exaggeration to stress how short it is. Alternate translation: “the length of my life is barely any time at all” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1393	39:5	l7in		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Life is short, and the psalmist speaks of it here as if it were only as long as the time it takes for a person to breathe one breath. Alternate translation: “The time that humans live is as short as a single breath of a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1394	39:6	wkn8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The lives of people are spoken of as if they are as insignificant as shadows. Alternate translation: “Everyone disappears like shadows do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1395	39:6	i78f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here it is implied that they do not know what will happen to their wealth after they die. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1396	39:7	y9ll		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer asks this question to emphasize that people cannot help him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “So now, Yahweh, I can expect to receive nothing from anyone else.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1397	39:9	ll7d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1398	39:9	whi2				0	“because my punishment comes from you”
1399	39:10	kf2h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if God was wounding him with a weapon. Alternate translation: “Please stop punishing me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1400	39:10	hd77				0	“I am defeated completely”
1401	39:10	n2ex		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s punishment of the writer is spoken of as if God was striking him with his fist. Here “hand” represents God’s judgment. Alternate translation: “your judgment on me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1402	39:11	skf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	God will take away the things they value in the same way as a moth eats a piece of cloth. Alternate translation: “consume the things they desire like a moth eats away at clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1403	39:11	uzd7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the frailty of people as if they were mist that disappears quickly. Alternate translation: “everyone is completely fragile” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1404	39:12	rx3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These three phrases mean basically the same thing and show how strongly the writer wants God to respond to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1405	39:12	ae4r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s lack of response to him as if Yahweh was deaf. Alternate translation: “Do not ignore me as if you could not hear me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1406	39:12	nnj1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s lack of response as if Yahweh considered him to be a total stranger to him. Alternate translation: “I am like a complete stranger to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1407	39:13	k2nr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “your gaze” represents Yahweh’s punishment. Alternate translation: “Please stop punishing me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1408	39:13	kfn1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “smile” is associated with being happy. Alternate translation: “so that I can be happy again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1409	40:intro	ik39				0	Psalm 040 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 40 is a psalm of praise. Many also see it as a messianic psalm, a psalm about Christ. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) Special concepts in this chapter Sacrifices God is not interested in sacrifices but wants people to obey him and fulfill his plans for them.
1410	40:1	k46g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1411	40:1	q9w4				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1412	40:1	yu4m				0	This means the writer was waiting for Yahweh to help him.
1413	40:1	j6iw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These mean the same thing, and can be combined into one statement. Alternate translation: “he listened to me when I called out to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1414	40:2	jcv4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two metaphors mean the same thing. The writer’s danger is spoken of as if it was a deadly pit full of mud. This emphasizes the danger. Alternate translation: “from being trapped in a horrible pit full of sticky mud” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1415	40:2	yav8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my feet” refers to the writer, and “a rock” refers a place of safety. Alternate translation: “he provided safety for me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1416	40:3	kgu6				0	Possible meanings are (1) “He has taught me the words to a new song” or (2) “He has given me a new reason to sing.”
1417	40:3	bl9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my mouth” refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “in me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1418	40:3	n4gq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The noun “praise” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “a song to praise our God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1419	40:3	z44r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “see it” refers to hearing the writer sing his song about what God has done for him. Alternate translation: “Many people will hear me tell what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1420	40:4	cal5				0	“Blessed is the man who trusts in Yahweh” or “Those who trust in Yahweh are blessed”
1421	40:4	z621		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to the people who are proud. Alternate translation: “proud people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1422	40:4	f9yc				0	The Hebrew word is unclear. Possible meanings are (1) “lies” or (2) “false gods.”
1423	40:5	x7v4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can count all the things you think about us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1424	40:5	kzt9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These phrases mean essentially the same thing. The first is stated in negative form, and the second is stated in positive form. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1425	40:6	z1vh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This is an exaggeration to express that other things are much more important to God. Alternate translation: “Sacrifices and other offerings are not the things that delight you most” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1426	40:6	xz9n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “ears” refers to the ability to hear. Alternate translation: “you have enabled me to hear your commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1427	40:6	mi62		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This is an exaggeration to show that these things were not the most important to God. Alternate translation: “animals burned on the altar and other offerings for our sins are not what you require most” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1428	40:7	jn6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to a scroll on which was written the word of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the written scroll” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1429	40:8	va1l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “my heart” refers to the inner being of the writer. Alternate translation: “I am always thinking about your laws within my inner being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1430	40:9	k2b6				0	“I have told a large assembly of people the good news of your righteousness.”
1431	40:9	epq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	This refers to the good news that God rescues his people. Alternate translation: “good news that because you are righteous, you rescue your people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1432	40:9	gk2t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “my lips” represents the writer, emphasizing his speech. Alternate translation: “I have not stopped myself from proclaiming these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1433	40:10	vb9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	“I have not kept your righteousness a secret.” This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I have openly told every one about your righteousness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1434	40:10	am3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here this refers to the writer’s inner being. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1435	40:10	cn4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I have told everyone in the great assembly about your covenant faithfulness or your trustworthiness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1436	40:10	bp5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful.” Alternate translation: “how faithful you are to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1437	40:10	u78d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	This abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “how trustworthy you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1438	40:11	qc48		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here “covenant faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” are spoken of as if they were living people who could protect the writer. Alternate translation: “I want your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness to always preserve” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1439	40:12	c6b2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here troubles are spoken of as if they were objects that surround and trap the speaker. Alternate translation: “there are more troubles around me than I can count” or “more troubles come to me than I can count” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1440	40:12	ra9w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This is stated in negative form to intensify the number.See how you translated this in Psalms 40:5. Alternate translation: “that are vast in number” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1441	40:12	ff9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to the consequences of his sin. Alternate translation: “the consequences of my iniquities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1442	40:12	qng1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer’s iniquities are spoken of as if they were his enemies who were harming him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1443	40:12	x56q				0	Versions differ in how to understand this difficult passage. It may mean that the speaker is crying so much that he cannot see anything because of his tears.
1444	40:12	ixl8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “heart” refers to the writer’s inner confidence. Alternate translation: “I am very discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1445	40:14	hl37		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let those who pursue my life to take it awy be ashamed and completely disappointed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1446	40:14	l9j5				0	“Please make them ashamed and completely disappointed”
1447	40:14	ff5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “pursue my life” means they desire to kill the writer. The writer is represented by his “life.” Alternate translation: “who are trying to kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1448	40:14	knx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let those who delight in hurting me be turned back and brought to dishonor” or “Please have someone turn back those who delight in hurting me and bring them to dishonor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1449	40:14	k5tz				0	“unable to continue”
1450	40:15	fqa6				0	“Let those who say to me, ‘Aha, aha!’ be shocked because of their shame”
1451	40:15	i1aw				0	“I hope that they will be shocked when you shame them”
1452	40:15	rbg9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations		0	These words indicate that the speaker has seen the hearer doing evil that the hearer did not think anyone knew about. You can use here words in your language that mean the same thing but sound different. See how this is translated in Psalms 35:21. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
1453	40:16	az21		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. Alternate translation: “be very joyful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1454	40:16	yq7n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “love you because you saved them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1455	40:17	v567		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These words mean the same thing and emphasize how helpless the writer is. Alternate translation: “very needy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1456	40:17	ep4r				0	“the Lord cares for me”
1457	40:17	a8vb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1458	40:17	g2mh				0	“You are the one who helps me”
1459	40:17	zf6l				0	“you come to save me”
1460	40:17	c1t7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “respond quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1461	41:intro	q9l9				0	Psalm 041 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 41 is a psalm of deliverance. The author’s friends had become his enemies who wanted to see him die but he trusted God to rescue him. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) Special concepts in this chapter Enemies The author’s best friend had become an enemy. His enemies were happy because they were sure his sickness would result in death.
1462	41:1	y6js		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1463	41:1	ay4z				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1464	41:1	bd73				0	The words “he” and “him” refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak.
1465	41:1	glk5				0	“weak people” or “poor people”
1466	41:2	j2lj				0	These words refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak.
1467	41:3	lt8b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The phrase “the bed of suffering” refers to when a person lies in bed because he is sick. Alternate translation: “When he is sick and in bed, Yahweh will support him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1468	41:3	ygd6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The phrase “a bed of healing” refers to when a person rests in bed and recovers from his sickness. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, will heal him of his sickness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1469	41:5	yg22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	If a person’s name dies, it means that people forget that he had ever lived. Alternate translation: “when will his name perish” or “when will people forget about him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1470	41:6	evn1				0	The words “my enemy” refers to any enemy in general, and not to one specific enemy.
1471	41:6	m4zm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Possible meanings are (1) “he says meaningless things” or (2) his enemies say things to make him think that they are his friends when they are not. Alternate translation: “he says deceitful things” or “they pretend to be concerned about me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1472	41:6	c5vp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	His enemies try to learn all of the bad things about him. Here the word “heart” refers the whole person. Bad circumstances are spoken of as if they were objects that can be gathered. Alternate translation: “he tries to learn about all of my disasters” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1473	41:7	sq8r				0	Possible meanings are (1) “they hope that very bad things will happen to me” or (2) “they are planning to hurt me.”
1474	41:8	l22y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	His enemies speak of “disease” as if it were a person who has captured him. Alternate translation: “He is sick with a fatal disease” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1475	41:8	hfg4				0	Possible meanings are (1) “A fatal disease” or (2) “Something evil”
1476	41:8	cay3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here the words “lying down” refer to lying in bed because of illness. That he will not “rise up” means that he will continue to lie down, which is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “now that he is sick in bed, he will die there” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1477	41:9	jzy3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom that means his friend betrayed him. Alternate translation: “has betrayed me” or “has turned against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1478	41:10	r3b3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative		0	This is a request. Alternate translation: “Please, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
1479	41:10	cz3d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means to raise him up from his bed, or to make him recover from his disease. Alternate translation: “make me well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1480	41:10	h6l4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of revenge on his enemies as if it were paying to them what he owes. Alternate translation: “so that I may take revenge on them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1481	41:11	m2j9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events		0	The word “this” refers to what the writer will say next. For clarity, the clauses may be reversed. Alternate translation: “Because my enemy does not triumph over me, I know that you delight in me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
1482	41:11	h7zl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This can also be translated in future tense, since Yahweh has not yet healed him. Alternate translation: “If you enable me to do that, with the result that my enemies do not defeat me, I will know that you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1483	41:12	dfw3				0	“you support me because of my integrity”
1484	41:12	jj35		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of being in Yahweh’s presence as being in a place where Yahweh can see him and he can see Yahweh’s face. Alternate translation: “will keep me with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1485	41:13	s4va				0	This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 1 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 1 and ends with Psalm 41.
1486	41:13	xi7f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	This refers to two extremes and means for all time. Alternate translation: “for all eternity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1487	41:13	d4ws		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The word “Amen” is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. Alternate translation: “May it certainly be so” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1488	42:intro	mu68				0	Psalm 042 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 42 is a psalm of praise for all that God has done and a prayer for deliverance from the psalmist’s enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s deliverance The psalmist praises God as he remembers what God has done for him in the past, and he puts his trust in him. He needs rescuing from his enemies. Scholars believe that this psalm is about a man in exile longing for Jerusalem. Psalm 42 and Psalm 43 Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm. Superscription This psalm is called “a Maschil of the sons of Korah.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1489	42:1	t39i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1490	42:1	rt7c				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1491	42:1	c3mx				0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.
1492	42:1	h2nj				0	The author compares his desire for God to the desire of a thirsty deer for water.
1493	42:1	mi8s				0	heavy breathing from an animal or person that is very tired or thirsty
1494	42:1	flj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The author speaks of his strong desire for God as if it were a strong thirst for water. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1495	42:2	xe9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The author speaks of his strong desire for God as if it were a strong thirst for water. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1496	42:2	bsl8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The author does not ask this question to get an answer but to show his strong desire to be before God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1497	42:3	mfk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The author refers to his tears as if they are food that he eats. This means that he is so sad that he cannot eat. Alternate translation: “My tears are like my food and I eat nothing else” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1498	42:3	nw17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	This phrase refers to the entire day by referring to both its beginning and end. Alternate translation: “all day long” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1499	42:3	hy3m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This is an exaggeration. His enemies are not saying this constantly; they are saying it often. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1500	42:3	sa8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The author’s enemies use this question to mock him and to express that they do not see his God helping him. Alternate translation: “Your God is not here to help you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1501	42:4	d12n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom that means to remember or think about something. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1502	42:4	k59b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “soul” refers to the emotions. The author speaks of his soul as if it is a liquid that he pours out. The phrase means that he is expressing his emotional grief. Alternate translation: “I express my sorrow” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1503	42:4	c6f8				0	“the crowd of people”
1504	42:4	gv3q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys		0	This phrase uses two different words to express one idea. Alternate translation: “joyful praise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1505	42:5	xs1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The author refers to his inner self as his “soul,” which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. Alternate translation: “I should not be bowed down. I should not be worried” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1506	42:5	cc84		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. Alternate translation: “discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1507	42:5	fyf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative		0	The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
1508	42:6	lp5z				0	The writer begins to speak to God about his soul.
1509	42:6	s443		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This phrase means to remember or to think about something. Alternate translation: “I think of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1510	42:6	u6xn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This is probably a reference to northern Israel, where the Jordan river originates. Alternate translation: “the land where the Jordan river begins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1511	42:6	ka3s				0	mountain tops
1512	42:6	xh39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	This is the name of a hill at the base of Mount Hermon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1513	42:7	c6aq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The word “deep” refers to deep waters, which here are likely the streams rushing down Mount Hermon. The writer speaks of them as if they are people calling out to one another as they hear the sound of their own descent from the mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1514	42:7	exq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The author speaks of his great misfortune and sadness as if they are deep waters that drown him with one wave after another. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1515	42:7	d5k7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The word “billows” is another word for “waves.” Together the two words emphasize the greatness of the waves. Alternate translation: “all of your great waves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1516	42:8	ef4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness as if it were a person whom he commands to be with him. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will show me his covenant faithfulness in the daytime” or “Yahweh will show me in the daytime how faithful he is to his covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1517	42:8	jsc8				0	Possible meanings are (1) “the song that he gives me” or (2) “the song about him”
1518	42:8	xm7t				0	“the God who gives me life”
1519	42:9	si6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God as if he were a huge rock that would provide protection from enemy attack. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1520	42:9	b1ik				0	To “go mourning” is to perform customs related to being very sad.
1521	42:10	bp1m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer describes his adversaries’ rebukes as his receiving a fatal wound. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1522	42:10	r4wg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This is an exaggeration; his enemies are not saying this constantly but are saying it often. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1523	42:10	ae82		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer’s enemies use this question to mock him and to express that they do not see God helping him. Alternate translation: “Your God is not here to help you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1524	42:11	evd8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The author refers to his inner self as his “soul,” which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. Alternate translation: “I should not be bowed down, I should not be worried” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1525	42:11	wp6h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. Alternate translation: “discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1526	42:11	ghd7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative		0	The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
1527	43:intro	x44y				0	Psalm 043 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 43 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a plea for rescue from the psalmist’s enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Encouragement The author should not be discouraged because he trusts in God to deliver him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) Psalm 42 and Psalm 43 Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm.
1528	43:1	il4d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1529	43:2	quk8				0	Possible meanings are (1) “the God who protects me” or (2) “the God who gives me strength.”
1530	43:2	a96e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer asks these questions in order to complain to God and express his emotions, not to receive an answer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1531	43:2	cpw2				0	To “go about in mourning” is to perform customs related to being very sad.
1532	43:2	d84h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “oppression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because my enemy oppresses me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1533	43:3	e7jd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God’s deliverance as if it were a light that shows him the way and truth that teaches him how to live. Alternate translation: “guide me with your light and truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1534	43:3	uhy4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where the temple is located and thus to the temple itself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1535	43:3	rr6l				0	“to the place where you live”
1536	43:4	r8lp				0	“God who is my very great joy” or “God who gives me very great joy”
1537	43:5	qb88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The author refers to his inner self as his “soul,” which represents himself. He asks these questions to rebuke himself. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. Alternate translation: “I should not be bowed down. I should not be worried” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1538	43:5	wn18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of depression or discouragement as if it were his soul being bent over. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. Alternate translation: “discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1539	43:5	z1zd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative		0	The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
1540	43:5	dgl5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The phrase “my salvation” refers to God. If necessary the two phrases can be combined. Alternate translation: “my God who saves me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1541	44:intro	cu7e				0	Psalm 044 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 44 is a deliverance psalm. It is a prayer for God’s help against enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Enemies When Israel entered the Promised Land, God fought for them and drove out their enemies. Since their enemies have now defeated them, they are in need of God’s help. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) Superscription This psalm is called “a Maschil.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1542	44:1	gi44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1543	44:1	n2t8				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1544	44:1	vwd3				0	“This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote.”
1545	44:1	d1rs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The word “ears” adds emphasis to the statement that they have heard and understood the things that the writer is about to describe. The writer addresses this statement to God. Alternate translation: “God, we have heard clearly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1546	44:1	ifj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both of these phrases use the word “days” to refer to the time period when the ancestors of the people of Israel were alive. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1547	44:2	rd1l				0	“You forced the people from other nations to leave”
1548	44:2	w5ar		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “hand” refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “by your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1549	44:2	sst2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God’s causing the Israelites to live in the land as if he were planting them in the soil like he would a tree. Alternate translation: “you caused our people to live there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1550	44:3	f15t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “sword” refers to military power. Alternate translation: “by fighting with their own swords” or “by their own army’s strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1551	44:3	ixc7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “arm” refers to power. Alternate translation: “their own power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1552	44:3	cr9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	You may supply a verb for this phrase. Alternate translation: “the light of your face obtained the land for their possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1553	44:3	ekr9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the words “hand” and “arm” both refer to God’s power. Combined, they emphasize the greatness of God’s power. Alternate translation: “your great power” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1554	44:3	a1dc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh looking with favor upon them and being kind to them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. Alternate translation: “your kindness” or “your good favor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1555	44:4	md4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The people of Israel are referred to by the name of their ancestor “Jacob.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1556	44:5	cn87				0	“By you … by your”
1557	44:5	l9n9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of his enemies’ defeat as if they are “down” and of their preparing to fight as if they are “up.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1558	44:5	u2c5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” refers to God’s power and authority. Alternate translation: “by your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1559	44:5	ze87				0	“tread them under our feet” or “walk on top of them”
1560	44:8	ql57		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “boast” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “we have boasted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1561	44:8	qb7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” refers to God, himself. Alternate translation: “we will give thanks to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1562	44:9	tw86		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God’s rejection of Israel as if he were discarding an unwanted piece of clothing. Alternate translation: “rejected us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1563	44:10	bc8x				0	resources and treasures that an army collects after winning a battle
1564	44:11	cmt5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer compares the Israelites to sheep that people kill and eat. As sheep are helpless before those who kill them, so the Israelites are helpless before their enemies. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You have allowed our enemies to kill us like they would kill a sheep and eat it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1565	44:11	k8qj				0	“caused us to live in many different nations”
1566	44:12	zm14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh allowing Israel’s enemies to conquer them as if he were selling the people of Israel to their enemies but does not require any payment from their enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1567	44:13	j3ej		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases are parallel emphasizing how the people among whom they live mock them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1568	44:13	ys4c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “rebuke” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “You make us something that our neighbors rebuke” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1569	44:13	z6rm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those around us scoff at us and mock us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1570	44:14	d6zg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These phrases are parallel emphasizing how intensely the nations around them mock them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1571	44:14	cf7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “insult” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “You make the nations around us insult us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1572	44:14	l1b9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The phrase “a shaking of the head” can be translated in verbal form. Alternate translation: “something at which the peoples shake their heads” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1573	44:14	d7ze				0	This was a gesture that people used to show scorn to others.
1574	44:15	lk1b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of his dishonor as if it were an object that is always in front of him for him to see. The phrase means that he is always thinking about his dishonor. Alternate translation: “I think about my dishonor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1575	44:15	l48m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of his shame as if it is an object that covers him like a blanket would cover him. Alternate translation: “the shame of my face has overwhelmed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1576	44:15	w1hq				0	“the shame that shows on my face.” This refers to his facial expressions that his shame causes.
1577	44:16	p8lw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the words “the voice” represents the person insulting him. Alternate translation: “because of what the person says who rebukes and insults me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1578	44:16	s49c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These words have similar meanings and emphasize the harsh nature of what this person says. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1579	44:18	qi6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases are parallel. The writer speaks of loyalty to God as if it were following him, and disloyalty as if it were turning away from him. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1580	44:18	mf97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “heart” refers to the emotions, and specifically to loyalty and devotion. Alternate translation: “We have not stopped being loyal to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1581	44:19	d4u4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God’s punishment as if it were breaking a fragile object. Alternate translation: “you have punished us severely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1582	44:19	dfs9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Israel after God’s punishment as if it were a wild, uninhabitable place. Alternate translation: “and made our land like a place where jackals live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1583	44:19	c511				0	a type of wild dog
1584	44:19	v695		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of death as if it is an object that casts a shadow over those who are about to die. Alternate translation: “made us so that we are about to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1585	44:20	k5hu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” refers to God, himself. To forget God is to stop worshiping him. This is something that did not happen. Alternate translation: “If we had forgotten our God” or “If we had stopped worshiping our God” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1586	44:20	g9jv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	Spreading out the hands is a gesture that people used to worship and pray to a god. Alternate translation: “worshiped a strange god” or “prayed to a strange god” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1587	44:21	rv5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses this question to express that God would know if they worshiped another god. Alternate translation: “God would certainly find out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1588	44:21	ih8n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “heart” refers to the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “he knows what a person secretly thinks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1589	44:22	mxt3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	The phrase “all day long” is an exaggeration to emphasize that their people are being killed frequently. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we are always in danger of people killing us” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1590	44:22	exg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people consider us to be sheep for the slaughter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1591	44:22	vl87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer compares the Israelites to sheep that people kill and eat. As sheep are helpless before those who kill them, so the Israelites are helpless before their enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1592	44:23	b9h3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This does not mean that God is actually asleep. The writer speaks of God’s seeming inactivity as if God is sleeping. He asks the question to rebuke God for appearing not to be concerned about their troubles. Alternate translation: “Wake up! I feel like you are sleeping, Lord!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1593	44:23	z7sm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God’s rejection of Israel as if he were discarding an unwanted piece of clothing. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 44:9. Alternate translation: “do not reject us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1594	44:24	h91h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses this question to complain that God appears to be ignoring them. Alternate translation: “Do not hide your face … our oppression.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1595	44:24	hj18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God ignoring them as if God were hiding his face so that he could not see them. Alternate translation: “ignore us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1596	44:24	jb65		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The words “affliction” and “oppression” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the severity of their affliction. These words may also be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “forget that people afflict us and oppress us” or “forget that people greatly afflict us” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1597	44:25	rzd7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These parallel phrases share similar meanings. The writer describes his people as lying on the ground in a posture of defeat and humiliation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1598	44:25	f1gv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were objects, such as ice, that melt and soak into the dirt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1599	44:25	q4te		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were stuck to the ground and they could not raise themselves up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1600	44:26	gbh3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is a command to stand. This phrase refers to beginning to act on something. Alternate translation: “Take action” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1601	44:26	uu4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “to show that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1602	45:intro	hk23				0	Psalm 045 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 45 is a royal psalm written for the king’s wedding day. Special concepts in this chapter Beauty The king has a beautiful palace, and his bride is also beautiful. Superscription This psalm is called “a Maschil.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1603	45:1	v3sl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1604	45:1	p8j6				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1605	45:1	f1a1				0	This may refer to a style or the tune of the music. Sometimes it is translated as “set to the tune of ‘Lilies.’”
1606	45:1	ty3v				0	“This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote.”
1607	45:1	tug8				0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.
1608	45:1	c73i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of his heart as if it were a container that overflows with liquid. The word “heart” represents his emotions, which are excited by the song that he sings. Alternate translation: “My emotions are excited about a good subject” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1609	45:1	puh2				0	“a noble theme” or “a beautiful word.” This refers to the song that he has written.
1610	45:1	w2cc				0	to have written or created a song
1611	45:1	chy8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of his tongue as if it were a pen. He speaks words as skillfully as an experienced writer writes words. Alternate translation: “my tongue is like the pen of person who writes well” or “I speak words as skillfully as an experienced writer can write words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1612	45:2	x1mq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This phrase is an exaggeration that emphasizes that the king is better looking than anyone else. The phrase “children of mankind” is an idiom and refers to all humans. Alternate translation: “You are more handsome than any other man” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1613	45:2	an93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of grace as if it were oil that someone has used to anoint the king’s lips. The word “lips” refers to the king’s speech. The phrase means that the king speaks eloquently. Alternate translation: “it is as if someone has anointed your lips with oil” or “you speak eloquently” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1614	45:3	y2u2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Warriors carried their swords in a sheath that hung from a belt around their waist. The sword would rest against their side. This phrase describes an action of someone preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “Prepare yourself for battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1615	45:4	cyr3				0	The writer tells the king to ride his horse or chariot to victory.
1616	45:4	s46i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “trustworthiness,” “meekness,” and “righteousness” can be stated as adjectives. Possible meanings are (1) these are qualities of the mighty one. Alternate translation: “because you are trustworthy, meek, and righteous” or (2) these are virtues that he fights to uphold for the people whom he rules. Alternate translation: “in order to fight for what is trustworthy, meek, and right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1617	45:4	td7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Most soldiers held their swords with their right hands when they fought. Here, the phrase “right hand” refers to his ability to fight, which the writer speaks of as if it were a person who can teach the king through the experience he gains in battle. Alternate translation: “You will learn to accomplish great military feats by fighting in many battles” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1618	45:4	ij55				0	“awesome deeds.” This refers to military victories that cause his enemies to fear him and his allies to revere him.
1619	45:5	k74n				0	This phrase refers to the king defeating his enemies. Possible meanings are (1) “the peoples fall at your feet in surrender” or (2) “the peoples fall dead at your feet.”
1620	45:5	zn7a				0	“your arrows have pierced the hearts of your enemies.” The writer speaks to the king while referring to the king in the third person.
1621	45:6	d479		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “throne” represents the kingdom and rule of the king. Alternate translation: “Your kingdom … is forever and ever” or “You will reign … forever and ever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1622	45:6	mh74				0	Possible meanings are that the word “God” (1) is a title for the king, who is God’s representative or (2) modifies the word “throne” and means “Your kingdom that God has given you.”
1623	45:6	h2tn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “scepter” represents the king’s authority to rule his kingdom. Alternate translation: “you rule your kingdom with justice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1624	45:7	w1rj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of gladness as if it were an oil that God used to anoint the king. That God has anointed him is a symbolic action that represents God’s choosing him to be king. Alternate translation: “when God appointed you as king, he made you very glad” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1625	45:8	s741				0	Here the writer begins to describe what appears to be the wedding ceremony of the king and his bride.
1626	45:8	ggv6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown		0	These are aromatic plant substances that people used to make perfumes. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1627	45:8	mam8				0	Ivory is a hard white substance that forms animal’s tusks. This phrase describes a palace with walls and furniture that people have decorated with ivory.
1628	45:8	ldy1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The words “stringed instruments” refers to the music that people make by playing the stringed instruments. Alternate translation: “the music of stringed instruments has made you glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1629	45:9	at3w				0	These women are wives of the king who receive his approval.
1630	45:9	bvd2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This is a reference to the woman who will become queen. Alternate translation: “your bride, the queen” or “your bride, who will be the queen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1631	45:9	w8kb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	This is the name of a place that had a reputation for its fine gold. The location is unknown. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1632	45:10	d768				0	The writer begins to speak to the queen and refers to her as “daughter” because she is a young woman.
1633	45:10	z8va		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of listening carefully to something as if it were bending one’s ear towards the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1634	45:10	u572		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the queen no longer following the beliefs and customs of her native people as if it were forgetting them. Alternate translation: “no longer follow the customs of your people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1635	45:10	zi39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “house” refers to family. Alternate translation: “your relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1636	45:11	vj28				0	“and” or “so”
1637	45:11	tyk3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	This is a polite way to say that the king will want to sleep with the queen as his wife. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1638	45:12	y2m6				0	The writer continues to speak to the queen.
1639	45:12	b5qz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the people who live in Tyre as if they are Tyre’s children. Alternate translation: “The people of Tyre” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1640	45:13	z961		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This is a reference to the woman whom the king will marry. Alternate translation: “The king’s bride” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1641	45:13	fc31				0	“very beautiful.” This refers to the woman’s appearance.
1642	45:13	aze7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	Her clothing is decorated or embroidered with gold. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she wears clothing that someone has embroidered with golden thread” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1643	45:14	chm2				0	The author continues to speak about the queen but begins to address the king again.
1644	45:14	v2p3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will lead her to the king as she wears an embroidered dress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1645	45:14	mrv3				0	a design made by sewing colored threads into cloth
1646	45:14	ji2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	Here the word “you” refers to the king. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will bring to you the virgins, her companions who follow her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1647	45:15	j9m5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This phrase describes “gladness and rejoicing” as a person who leads others to celebrate. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Gladness and rejoicing will lead them” or “They will proceed with gladness and rejoicing” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1648	45:15	jxe5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. Alternate translation: “great gladness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1649	45:16	x1cw				0	The writer continues to address the king.
1650	45:16	jy9e				0	This means that the king’s sons will replace him as king, just as he replaced his ancestors as king.
1651	45:16	wu3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	The phrase “in all the earth” is an exaggeration to emphasize that they will rule over many nations. Alternate translation: “you will make rulers over many nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1652	45:17	n62l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “I” refers to the writer. The word “name” refers to the king’s character and reputation. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cause people in every generation to know about your greatness” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1653	46:intro	w4ye				0	Psalm 046 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 46 is a psalm of praise to God. Special concepts in this chapter God is all-powerful, controls nature, and protects his people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
1654	46:1	pye4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1655	46:1	b2mp				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1656	46:1	t2j8				0	“This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote”
1657	46:1	q7sv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown		0	This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1658	46:1	sf97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “God gives us safety and strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1659	46:2	d2ga		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the deepest part of the sea as if it were the sea’s heart. Here he describes an earthquake that causes the mountains to crumble and fall into the sea. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the mountains should shake so violently that they fall into the depths of the sea” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1660	46:3	nvd8				0	“though the waters of the sea roar and rage.” The words “roar” and “rage” describe the violent movements of the sea during a strong storm.
1661	46:3	v7sn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The phrase “their swelling” refers to the waters of the sea as they rise and crash against the mountains. Alternate translation: “the swelling waters cause the mountains to tremble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1662	46:4	x5va		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage		0	The imagery of a running river symbolizes peace and prosperity for the city of God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1663	46:4	n4fc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The phrase “the city of God” refers to Jerusalem, and represents the people who live in that city. Alternate translation: “make the people who live in Jerusalem happy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1664	46:4	ft9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This phrase describes “the city of God.” Alternate translation: “the holy place where the Most High lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1665	46:5	v4ku				0	The words “her” and “she” refer to “the city of God.”
1666	46:5	kf8d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here, the word “moved” is the same word translated as “shaken” in Psalms v. 2. The writer speaks of the destruction of Jerusalem by armies as if an earthquake were to destroy it. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing will be able destroy her” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1667	46:6	ese7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here, the word “raged” is the same word that the writer used in Psalms v. 3 to describe the waters of the sea. The writer speaks of the fear of the nations as if it was the violent movements of the sea during a strong storm. Alternate translation: “The nations are terrified” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1668	46:6	m4wd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here, the word “shaken” is the same word that the writer used in Psalms v. 2 to describe the effect of an earthquake on the mountains. The writer speaks of the overthrow of kingdoms by armies as if an earthquake were to destroy them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “armies overthrew the kingdoms” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1669	46:6	hp6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“God lifted up his voice.” The writer speaks of the “voice” as an object that a person can pick up and raise into the air. This means that the voice becomes louder. Alternate translation: “God shouted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1670	46:6	p2kl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The writer speaks of the earth as an object, such as ice, that can melt. Here “the earth” represents mankind, and to melt represents fear. Alternate translation: “the people of the earth tremble with fear” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1671	46:7	lc6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “the God of Jacob gives us safety” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1672	46:7	nkp6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Possible meanings are (1) “the God whom Jacob worshiped” or (2) “Jacob” is a metonym for the nation of Israel and means “the God of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1673	46:9	lwa3				0	“He makes nations stop fighting wars”
1674	46:9	b5gh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom that refers to everywhere in the word. Alternate translation: “everywhere in the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1675	46:9	v24c				0	One way in which Yahweh will make all wars to cease is by destroying the weapons that the armies use to fight one another.
1676	46:9	gst2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants		0	Some versions understand this Hebrew word as “chariots.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
1677	46:10	y22y				0	Here, God begins to speak.
1678	46:10	ua4x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	In this context, these words are likely a command to the nations to stop their wars. Alternate translation: “Stop fighting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1679	46:10	u2j9				0	Here the word “know” means to understand and to confess that Yahweh is the true God.
1680	46:10	ssq3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people of every nation in the world will exalt God. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People from every nation will exalt me; people all over the earth will exalt me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1681	46:11	gl4e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. See how you translated these lines in Psalms 46:7. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1682	47:intro	j9a7				0	Psalm 047 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 47 is a psalm of praise to God. Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s power God is powerful over all the nations in the world.
1683	47:1	l66j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1684	47:1	xf2n				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1685	47:1	uqb5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Clapping your hands is associated with celebration. Alternate translation: “Clap your hands in celebration” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1686	47:1	n5aa				0	“shout to God with joyful voices.” Here the word “triumph” refers to the joy associated with victory.
1687	47:3	bqu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases are parallel and mean that God enabled Israel to conquer their enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1688	47:3	j5mi				0	to conquer and place under the authority of another
1689	47:3	sa4s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of conquering other nations as if it were putting those nations underneath their feet. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1690	47:4	p3vm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the land of Israel as if it were an inheritance that God has given the people as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “He chooses this land as an inheritance for us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1691	47:4	e7vk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “glory” refers to a source of pride and represents the land that God has given to his people as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land in which Jacob takes pride” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1692	47:4	qvz6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “Jacob” refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1693	47:5	y2zq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God’s conquering the nations as if God were a king ascending his throne, which was located in the temple. Alternate translation: “God has gone up into the temple as people shouted” or “God has ascended to his throne as people shouted” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1694	47:5	z2zz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	This phrase parallels the previous phrase. The verb may be supplied for clarity. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has gone up as people blew trumpets” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1695	47:6	wn5w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	The phrase “sing praises” is repeated for emphasis. You may omit the repetition if it is awkward in your language. Alternate translation: “Sing, sing praises to God; sing, sing praises to our King” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1696	47:9	vxi7				0	“The rulers of all the nations”
1697	47:9	kg5b				0	Possible meanings are that the rulers of the nations (1) “gather in front of the people” or (2) “gathered together with the people” so that all may worship God as king.
1698	47:9	eew2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are that “shields” (1) refers to instruments of war. Alternate translation: “God has more power than the weapons of all the kings on the earth” or (2) refers to the rulers of the nations who are spoken of as shields who protect their nations. Alternate translation: “the kings of the earth are subject to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1699	48:intro	wfx3				0	Psalm 048 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 48 is a psalm of praise for Jerusalem. Special concepts in this chapter Jerusalem Jerusalem has mighty defenses. Foreign nations will be amazed. It is something to remember and testify about. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]]) It is helpful to know that “Mount Zion” is often used to refer to the city of Jerusalem.
1700	48:1	s5c1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	This psalm is a song about Jerusalem being God’s dwelling place. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1701	48:1	az4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “people are to praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1702	48:1	az2x				0	This is a reference to Jerusalem, which was built on Mount Zion.
1703	48:1	dj9j				0	Possible meanings are (1) “the city where our God lives” or (2) “the city that belongs to our God”
1704	48:2	nl3f				0	“Beautiful and high.” The word “elevation” refers to how high mount Zion is.
1705	48:2	y3e3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “earth” refers to everyone living on the earth. The word “joy” may be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Mount Zion gives joy to everyone on earth” or “everyone on earth rejoices because of Mount Zion” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1706	48:2	r8gx				0	Possible meanings are that this phrase (1) refers to the direction of the north or (2) is another name for Mount Zion meaning “the mountain of God.”
1707	48:3	qb5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. Alternate translation: “God has made himself known as one who gives safety to the people in Mount Zion’s palaces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1708	48:4	lw4p				0	The word “see” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1709	48:4	fnx9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the kings represent their armies. Alternate translation: “assembled their armies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1710	48:4	yk23				0	“together they passed by Jerusalem”
1711	48:5	q1px				0	“They saw Jerusalem”
1712	48:5	k5fi				0	greatly troubled
1713	48:6	xy4p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of the kings’ fear as if it were a person who caused the kings and their armies to tremble. Alternate translation: “There they trembled with fear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1714	48:6	ees5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the kings’ fear as if it were the pain that a woman experiences in childbirth and speaks of that pain as if it were a person. The verb may be supplied from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “pain took hold of them, as when a woman is in labor” or “they became afraid, like a woman is afraid of experiencing labor pains” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1715	48:7	e8iv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the author describes the kings being afraid as if they were ships that shake because God destroys them with a strong wind. Alternate translation: “They shook with fear, as the ships of Tarshish shake when you break them with the east wind” or (2) this is an apostrophe in which the author describes God’s great power. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
1716	48:7	qp44				0	Possible meanings are (1) “a wind blowing from the east” or (2) “a strong wind.”
1717	48:7	n4q7				0	Possible meanings are that this refers to (1) ships that sail to or are built in the city of Tarshish or (2) any large ocean-going ship.
1718	48:8	b3ds		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that what they have heard is the great things that God has done in the past. Alternate translation: “As we have heard about the great things that God has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1719	48:8	g7aa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This means that they have seen the proof that the things that they have heard are true. Alternate translation: “so we have seen God do great things now” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1720	48:8	pr7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both of these phrases refer to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in the city of our God, Yahweh of hosts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1721	48:8	pa6r				0	“make it secure.” Here the word “establish means to preserve and make something secure.
1722	48:9	fec8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “how faithful you are to your covenant” or “how faithful you are to us because of your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1723	48:9	wf6y				0	“as we are in your temple”
1724	48:10	wrg5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” represents God’s character and reputation. The two phrases compare the greatness of God’s reputation with how greatly people praise him. Alternate translation: “Your name is very great … and so people throughout the world praise you greatly” or “People all throughout the world have heard of you … so people throughout the world praise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1725	48:10	qf2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiomatic expression that means everywhere in the word. See how you translated this in Psalms 46:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1726	48:10	w3p6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of righteousness as if it were an object that God could hold in his hand. Here the word “hand” refers to God’s power and authority to rule. Alternate translation: “you rule with righteousness” or “you are righteous as you rule” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1727	48:11	w7c2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of Mount Zion as if it were a person who could be glad. The phrase refers to the people who live in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Let those who live on Mount Zion be glad” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1728	48:11	csq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the towns in Judah as if they were Judah’s children. The phrase refers to the people who live in those towns. Alternate translation: “let the people who live in the cities of Judah rejoice” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1729	48:12	r196		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases are parallel. Alternate translation: “Walk all the way around Mount Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1730	48:13	d5xm				0	“notice in detail”
1731	48:14	wub8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “guide” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he will guide us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1732	48:14	rmz8				0	Possible meanings are (1) “until we die” or (2) “forever.”
1733	49:intro	r9r3				0	Psalm 049 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 49 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapter Riches Riches do not last forever. They cannot save a person from death, and they cannot be taken from a person at death. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
1734	49:1	wm6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1735	49:1	f4gj				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1736	49:1	a8dr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases are parallel. Together they strengthen the command for all people to listen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1737	49:1	ski6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiomatic expression means to use one’s ears to listen. Alternate translation: “listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1738	49:2	f6b7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of people who are weak or insignificant in society as being low and of people who are important and powerful as being high. Together, the words “low” and “high” represent all people. Alternate translation: “both important people and unimportant people” or “people of every social class” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1739	49:2	cq6d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	Together the words “rich” and “poor” refer to all people, regardless of wealth. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1740	49:3	r7z1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “mouth” refers to the whole person who speaks. Alternate translation: “I will speak wise words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1741	49:3	hx37		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. The abstract nouns “meditation” and “understanding” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “the thoughts upon which I meditate will help you to understand” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1742	49:4	wva9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of listening carefully to something as if it were bending one’s ear towards the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1743	49:4	ge9u				0	“as I play the harp”
1744	49:5	yhr6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer asks this question to emphasize that he has no reason to fear when bad things happen. Alternate translation: “I have no reason to fear … heels.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1745	49:5	vu7z				0	“when evil things happen.” Here the word “days” refers to general periods of time.
1746	49:5	ug31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) the writer speaks of the evil desires of his enemies as if it were a predator ready to overtake him. Alternate translation: “when the iniquity of sinful men is ready to overcome me” or (2) the writer’s enemies surround him as they commit their iniquity. Alternate translation: “when my enemies surround me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1747	49:6	z2gn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	These people trust their wealth will keep them from having to suffer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1748	49:6	w369				0	a large amount of something
1749	49:7	mmh3				0	“There is no way that any of them can” or Alternate translation: “No one can”
1750	49:7	cj1n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Both of these phrases express that a person cannot give God enough money to be able to avoid death. Alternate translation: “no one can pay money to God so that their brother will not die” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1751	49:8	n5rb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “redemption” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “it costs too much to redeem a person’s life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1752	49:9	nw4t				0	This refers to the body decomposing in the grave.
1753	49:10	q1ib		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of experiencing something as if it were seeing that thing. Alternate translation: “he will die and his body will decay” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1754	49:10	v4i4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	The author refers to all people by referring to those who have the most and least wisdom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1755	49:10	vpc1				0	This means a person who is stupid or unintelligent.
1756	49:11	lu71				0	“Their belief”
1757	49:11	brb9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “the places where they live will continue to all generations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1758	49:11	zu1i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	“they name their lands after themselves.” This phrase expresses ownership. Alternate translation: “they own their own lands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1759	49:12	ma8l				0	“But man, even if he has wealth”
1760	49:13	chs8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the fate of fools as if it is the destination at the end of the path on which they walk. Alternate translation: “This is the fate of those who practice folly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1761	49:13	aze6				0	“yet after they die”
1762	49:14	z1qc				0	The author continues to describe people who believe their wealth will save them.
1763	49:14	yp7j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer compares people who will all die to a flock of sheep. Just as sheep cannot escape when the butcher decides to slaughter them, so men will not escape when it is their time to die. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1764	49:14	le72		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has appointed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1765	49:14	jp6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of men dying by personifying death as a shepherd who leads them into the grave. Alternate translation: “death will take them away as a shepherd leads away sheep to be slaughtered” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1766	49:14	fu5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the word “morning” is a metaphor that refers to a time when God will vindicate righteous people and save them from evil people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1767	49:14	xwx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of Sheol, the place of the dead, as if it were a person or animal. He speaks of the decay of dead bodies as if Sheol were eating them. Alternate translation: “their bodies will decompose in the grave” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1768	49:15	hdm9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. From the context, it is implied that this power refers to consuming the bodies of the dead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1769	49:15	vf45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “life” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “God will redeem me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1770	49:16	gm8v				0	The word “glory” here refers to wealth or riches. Possible meanings are (1) “when he gains more wealth in his house” or (2) “when his family becomes richer.”
1771	49:17	a1l5				0	“he will take nothing with him to the grave”
1772	49:17	cz54		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	The phrase “go down” refers to when the man dies. Alternate translation: “his glory will not go along with him when he dies” or “he will not keep his reputation when he dies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1773	49:18	eq9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “soul” refers to the whole person. This phrase means that he considered himself to be happy and successful because of his riches. Alternate translation: “He congratulated himself” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1774	49:19	hq9g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	“he will go to where his fathers’ generation is.” This is a euphemism that means that the rich man will die and join his ancestors in the grave. Alternate translation: “he will join his ancestors in the grave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1775	49:19	dvh8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “they” refers to the rich man and his ancestors. The word “light” may refer to the sun or be a metaphor for life. Alternate translation: “they will never see the sun again” or “they will never live again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1776	50:intro	cbd7				0	Psalm 050 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 50 is a wisdom psalm. It tells what pleases God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapter Sacrifices God does not need animal sacrifices; he does not eat meat or drink blood. The world and everything in it belong to God. He wants people to be thankful and to depend on him. God rejects evil people who reject his covenant. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
1777	50:1	v4hj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	This psalm is a song that teaches people. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1778	50:1	wpn8				0	The author uses three different names to speak of God.
1779	50:1	s58x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “earth” refers to the people who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “called all people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1780	50:1	ycf8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	This phrase refers to the directions east, where the sun rises, and west, where the sun sets. The writer uses these two extremes to represent everywhere on earth. Alternate translation: “everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1781	50:2	k7vg				0	Possible meanings are (1) “Zion, whose beauty is perfect” or (2) “Zion, the most beautiful city.”
1782	50:2	k22a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God as if he were a light that shines. This refers to God causing people to know about his glory. Alternate translation: “God’s glory shines like a light” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1783	50:3	ymh5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	The writer uses this negative statement to emphasize the positive. Alternate translation: “speaks so that everyone can hear him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1784	50:3	m31d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a fire burning things as if it were eating them. Alternate translation: “a fire burns in front of him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1785	50:3	pw8f				0	“there is a great storm around him”
1786	50:4	d22v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Possible meanings are (1) God is calling on all who live in heaven and on earth to be witnesses as he judges his people or (2) God is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses as he judges his people. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1787	50:6	fxq3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Possible meanings are (1) the writer uses the word “heavens” to refer to the angels who live there or (2) the writer speaks of “the heavens” as if they are a person who testifies about God’s righteousness. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1788	50:8	ef2a				0	“I will reprove you, but not for your sacrifices.” God explains that their sacrifices are not the reason that he is reproving them.
1789	50:8	s2pk				0	tell someone he is guilty of doing wrong
1790	50:8	m19c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This explains why God is not rebuking them for their sacrifices. The phrase “are always before me” refers to being in God’s presence and means that his people are always sacrificing their burnt offerings to him. Alternate translation: “you are always sacrificing burnt offerings to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1791	50:9	a3jw				0	areas surrounded by walls in which sheep and goats are kept
1792	50:10	sbr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	The phrase “on a thousand hills” does not represent the total number of cattle that God owns. The number is an exaggeration that emphasizes that God owns all of the cattle in the world. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “all the cattle in the world are mine” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1793	50:10	f9vg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers		0	“1,000 hills” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1794	50:11	dx4m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here the word “know” implies ownership. Alternate translation: “I own all the birds” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1795	50:12	gaw2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo		0	This describes something that could not happen, since God does not get hungry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1796	50:13	ybv9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	God asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not do these things and so has no need for their sacrifices. Alternate translation: “I do not eat the flesh of bulls or drink the blood of goats.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1797	50:14	tja9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	Here God refers to himself. Alternate translation: “Offer to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1798	50:14	hz6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of “vows” as if they are currency which a person pays to God. Alternate translation: “fulfill your vows to the Most High” or “do what you have promised the Most High to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1799	50:15	si2v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here the word “day” refers to any period of time. Alternate translation: “whenever you have troubles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1800	50:16	ab6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	Here God is still speaking and speaks of himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “But to the wicked I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1801	50:16	ww85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The word “wicked” refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “to wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1802	50:16	mat4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God speaks of wicked people reciting the words of his covenant as if they are putting the covenant in their mouth. Alternate translation: “talk about my covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1803	50:17	zuf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This is the end of the rhetorical question begun with the words “What have you to do” (Psalms 50:16). God uses this question to rebuke wicked people. This question can be turned into a statement: “It is not right for you to declare my statutes and my covenant, since you hate instruction and throw my words away.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1804	50:17	l69z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God speaks of the wicked people rejecting what he says as if they were throwing away trash. Alternate translation: “reject what I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1805	50:18	v2nw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Possible meanings are (1) that they approve of the thief’s actions. Alternate translation: “you approve or him” or (2) that they join the thief in their actions. Alternate translation: “you join him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1806	50:19	p5te		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God speaks of a person speaking evil things as if that person’s mouth is a messenger whom the person sends to do evil things. Alternate translation: “You are always saying evil things” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1807	50:19	eu22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The word “tongue” represents the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “you are always telling lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1808	50:20	zjx3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have the same meaning but use different words. God accuses them of speaking falsely against members of their own family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1809	50:20	ea7a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	To “sit and speak” against someone implies that this person deliberately thinks of bad things to say about someone. Alternate translation: “You always think of ways to speak” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1810	50:21	br29		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Since God had kept silent and not yet rebuked the wicked people for their actions, they thought that God approved of what they did. Alternate translation: “you thought that I was someone who acts just like you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1811	50:21	w99y				0	tell someone he is guilty of doing wrong
1812	50:21	j3hc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	God speaks of listing all of the evil things that they have done. Alternate translation: “list … all the things you have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1813	50:21	pf7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here, to be “before your eyes” means that it is in a place where they can see. This means that they will not be able to deny the charges that God brings against them. Alternate translation: “right in front of you” or “so that you can not deny them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1814	50:22	jz7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God speaks of the wicked rejecting him as if they have forgotten him. He speaks of himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “you who reject me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1815	50:22	ql5f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God speaks of destroying the wicked as if he were a lion eating its prey. Alternate translation: “I will destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1816	50:23	u8xr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God speaks of a the way a person lives as if it were a path that the person travels. Alternate translation: “lives his life the right way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1817	50:23	u5xv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as “save.” God refers to himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “I will save him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1818	51:intro	uij8				0	Psalm 051 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 51 is a psalm of repentance from sin. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Special concepts in this chapter Repentance The psalmist is truly sorry for having sinned. He repented and God forgave his sins. God wants true sorrow for having sinned, not sacrifices. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/true]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]]) Author of Psalm Scholars are divided over whether this psalm was authored by King David as is mentioned by the superscription. If nothing else, we can assume the last two verses were added later since Jerusalem is intact with well-built walls during King David’s reign.
1819	51:1	v8pw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. In this psalm David asks God for forgiveness. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1820	51:1	rl6b				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1821	51:1	ia5j				0	Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
1822	51:1	sf45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It can be stated clearly what Nathan did when he came to David, because this psalm is in response to that. Alternate translation: “when Nathan the prophet came to David and rebuked him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1823	51:1	dlr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1824	51:1	pm2w				0	“because you do so many merciful things”
1825	51:1	jan2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Forgiving sins is spoken of as either (1) blotting them out or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: “forgive my sins like someone wiping something away” or “forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1826	51:2	rtj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1827	51:2	q5ks		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. Alternate translation: “Wash away all my sin” or “Forgive all my sins so that I will be acceptable to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1828	51:2	h3by				0	completely, totally
1829	51:2	ja25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. Alternate translation: “Make me clean from my sin” or “forgive me for my sin so that I will be clean” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1830	51:3	qpz2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Not being able to forget his sins is spoken of as if they were always in front of him where he can see them. Alternate translation: “I am always aware of my sins” or “I cannot forget my sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1831	51:4	t9px		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “sight” here represents judgment. Yahweh saw and did not approve of David’s actions. Alternate translation: “what you judge to be evil” or “what you consider to be evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1832	51:5	j8f9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Being a sinner is spoken of as being in iniquity. Alternate translation: “I was already a sinner when I was born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1833	51:5	i2cz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Being a sinner is spoken of as being in sin. Alternate translation: “even when my mother conceived me, I was a sinner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1834	51:6	w9f4				0	The use of “See” here draw our attention to the contrast between this sentence and “See, I was born in iniquity” (verse 5). “Truly I was born in iniquity … But you desire trustworthiness”
1835	51:6	kqg1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The “inner self” represents either (1) the person’s desires or (2) the whole person. Alternate translation: “you want me to desire trustworthiness” or “you want me to be trustworthy” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1836	51:7	fc52		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean or white. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1837	51:7	v7q2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God as if God were a priest who would sprinkle water on him to make him acceptable to God. Alternate translation: “Make me acceptable by sprinkling water on me with hyssop” or “Forgive me for my sins so that I will be acceptable to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1838	51:7	im87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown		0	This is a plant that the priests used to sprinkle water or blood on people or things to make them ceremonially clean, that is, acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1839	51:7	l5n6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Not having sin is spoken of as being white. Alternate translation: “very, very white” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1840	51:8	g7v8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize his desire to hear joyful things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1841	51:8	p4ef		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Feeling terrible sadness is spoken of as if his bones were broken. Alternate translation: “for you have caused me terrible sadness in my inner being. Let me rejoice again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1842	51:9	gs6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Thinking about someone’s sins is spoken of as seeing them. Forgiving or refusing to think about the sins is spoken of as choosing not to see them. Alternate translation: “Do not look at my sins” or “Do not remember my sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1843	51:9	b3jc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Forgiving or refusing to think about someone’s sins is spoken of as either (1) blotting them out or (2) erasing a written record of the sins. Alternate translation: (1) “forgive my sins like someone wiping something away” or (2) “forget my sins like someone who erases a record of sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1844	51:10	q6ng		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the “heart” represents the feelings and desires. Being completely devoted and obedient to God is spoken of as having a clean heart. Alternate translation: “Make me completely devoted to you” or “Make me want to obey you always” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1845	51:10	bn5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “spirit” represents the attitude and desires of a David. Alternate translation: “make my attitude right” or “make me always want to do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1846	51:11	v6gj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“Do not force me to go away from you.” Being rejected by God is spoken of as being forced to go away from him. Alternate translation: “Do not reject me as one of your people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1847	51:12	t5fh				0	“hold me up” or “assist me”
1848	51:13	az4f				0	“the way you want people to live” or “what you want people to do”
1849	51:13	tzw4				0	These two words refer to the same people here.
1850	51:14	i5mg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This phrase refers to killing another person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1851	51:15	mb7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the person is represented by his “mouth.” Being able to talk is spoken of as the lips being open. Here not being able to speak is a symbol of being guilty of sin and not being able to make a defense. Alternate translation: “Lord, make me able to speak, and I will praise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1852	51:16	rlr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This means that God wants something more important than these things. Alternate translation: “A sacrifice is not enough to please you … you want something more than burn offerings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1853	51:17	ib5d				0	“The sacrifices that please God”
1854	51:17	e3fd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A broken spirit represents a humble attitude. Alternate translation: “humility” or “a person who becomes humble” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1855	51:17	r49l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Being humble and sorry for one’s sin is spoken of as having a broken and contrite heart. The heart represents the emotions and will. Alternate translation: “sorrow and humility” or “a person who is sorry for his sin and humble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1856	51:18	sl4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The walls of a city protect the city and the people in it. Possible meanings are (1) “enable us to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem” or (2) “protect Jerusalem and make it strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1857	51:19	qe3h				0	A bull is an adult male cow. Bulls were often used as sacrificial animals, according to God’s instruction.
1858	52:intro	gx5r				0	Psalm 052 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 52 is a wisdom psalm. It teaches that God will destroy evil people. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapter Evil people Although the evil people feel secure with their wealth and evil deeds, God will destroy them. But people who do good are secure because God protects them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) Superscription This psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1859	52:1	xe8m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	In this psalm the word “you” refers to Doeg. When Saul wanted to kill David, Doeg told Saul where David was so that Saul could find him. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1860	52:1	eve8				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
1861	52:1	px5f				0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.
1862	52:1	iv91		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1863	52:1	gv61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question shows how angry David was at the one who made trouble. Alternate translation: “You should not be so proud of making trouble, you mighty man.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1864	52:1	tc43		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony		0	David may have been using irony when he called Doeg this. Alternate translation: “you, who think you are so mighty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1865	52:1	u3iv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David speaks of God’s covenant faithfulness as if it were something that could come. David was probably referring to God’s promises to protect his people from wicked people. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective or an adverb. Alternate translation: “Every day, God is faithful to keep the promises of his covenant” or “Every day, God faithfully protects his people from wicked people like you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1866	52:2	yc5s				0	a sharp blade
1867	52:2	hlt7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Here the tongue is compared to a sharp razor which is capable of causing great harm. Alternate translation: “Your tongue harms people like a sharp razor does, when you plan destruction and deceive others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1868	52:2	mc21		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “your tongue” refers to the person David is speaking to. Alternate translation: “You” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1869	52:3	n4c1				0	David continues speaking to the “mighty man” of Psalms 5:1
1870	52:3	u7f1				0	“you love lying more than speaking what is right”
1871	52:4	c8a7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here words that harm others are spoken of as if they were animals that devour people. Alternate translation: “words that harm others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1872	52:4	brj2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This refers to the person the author is speaking to. Alternate translation: “you speaker of deceit” or “you liar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1873	52:5	b3i7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	All three of these phrases are different ways of saying “remove you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1874	52:5	r2bt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Being alive on earth is spoken of as if people are plants with roots in the ground. God killing someone is spoken of as digging up the plant’s roots and taking it out of the ground. Alternate translation: “he will take you out the land of the living” or “He will kill you so that you will no longer be on earth with living people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1875	52:5	cdy6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate		0	This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
1876	52:6	mke5				0	“The righteous will also see God remove him and they will fear”
1877	52:7	edv2				0	“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1878	52:7	qv2z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “refuge” represents a protector. Alternate translation: “did not make God his protector” or “did not ask God to protect him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1879	52:8	u1wy				0	Green olive trees are strong and secure. They do not fall over.
1880	52:8	e2xz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Being safe and secure is spoken of as being like a strong tree. Alternate translation: “I am strong in God’s house, like a green olive tree” or “Because I worship in God’s house, I am secure like a green olive tree” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1881	52:8	ydi4				0	This refers to God’s temple.
1882	52:8	bgx6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will trust in God forever and ever because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1883	52:9	cj6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	God’s name represents God himself. Waiting for God represents waiting for God to help him. Alternate translation: “I will wait for you, because you are good” or “I will wait for you to help me, because you are good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1884	53:intro	u3hp				0	Psalm 053 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 53 is a wisdom psalm. It warns people who do evil that God will judge them. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) Special concepts in this chapter God’s watching mankind God looks down from heaven and sees that all humans are evil and corrupt. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) Superscription This psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1885	53:1	btc5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1886	53:1	kkk8				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1887	53:1	a9tq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate		0	This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
1888	53:1	c5we				0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.
1889	53:2	cmh4				0	This refers to all people.
1890	53:2	dy8r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Seeking God as a person would look for someone is spoken of as “seeking” God. Possible meanings are (1) wanting to know God. Alternate translation: “who want to know him” or (2) worshiping God. Alternate translation: “who worship him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1891	53:3	ki3t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Rejecting God and what is right is spoken of as turning away. Alternate translation: “They have all turned away from doing what is right” or “They have all rejected God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1892	53:4	l2u4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question is used to show the shock that the writer feels because the people are so sinful. It can be written as two statements. “Those who commit iniquity act as though they do not know anything. They devour my people as if they were eating bread, and they do not call on God!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1893	53:4	l75m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Destroying people is spoken of as devouring them. Doing it as if they were eating bread implies that they did it very easily or without feeling guilty about it. Alternate translation: “those who destroy my people as freely as if they were eating bread” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1894	53:5	q6fe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Scattering people’s bones represents killing them and allowing their bones to remain wherever they have died and not be buried properly. “God will completely destroy whoever will camp against you, and their bones will lie scattered on the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1895	53:5	pl76		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Camping against people represents attacking them. Enemy armies would travel and set up camps to live in temporarily near the people they wanted to attack. Alternate translation: “whoever will attack you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1896	53:6	mle3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations		0	The word “Oh” here introduces an exclamation that expresses a hope or prayer. Alternate translation: “I hope that the salvation of Israel will come” or “I pray that the salvation of will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
1897	53:6	awk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The salvation represents God, the savior, whose temple is in Zion. Alternate translation: “the savior of Israel would come from Zion” or “God would come from Zion and save Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1898	53:6	hj3c				0	“When God saves his captive people”
1899	53:6	fw2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1900	53:6	xbm3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “Jacob” refers to the descendants of Jacob, the Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1901	54:intro	vvf3				0	Psalm 054 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 54 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Rescue Evil people want to kill David; but God has rescued him in the past and he trusts God to rescue him again. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) Superscription This psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1902	54:1	fa4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1903	54:1	s1kh				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1904	54:1	nwg2				0	“people should play stringed instruments with this song”
1905	54:1	w9pi				0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1
1906	54:1	ql33		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	people from the city of Ziph in the Judean mountains, southeast of Hebron. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1907	54:1	db2i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here God’s name represents his character. It may represent specifically his power or his justice. Alternate translation: “Save me, God, by your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1908	54:1	jb6d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Judging David here represents showing people that David is not guilty. When God uses his might to save David, people will know that God has judged him as not guilty. Alternate translation: “In your might, show people that I am not guilty” or “Show people that I am not guilty by using your power to rescue me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1909	54:2	r9er		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Giving one’s ear represents listening. Alternate translation: “listen to the words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1910	54:2	mc9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the speaker is represented by his mouth. Alternate translation: “my words” or “what I am saying to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1911	54:3	u6zz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Rising up against someone represents preparing to attack him or actually attacking him. Alternate translation: “have prepared to attack me” or “are attacking me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1912	54:3	n85b				0	“men who have no mercy”
1913	54:3	uub9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Seeking after someone’s life represents trying to kill him. Alternate translation: “have tried to kill me” or “want to kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1914	54:3	qx9n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Setting God before them represents paying attention to God. Alternate translation: “they do not pay attention to God” or “they ignore God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1915	54:4	f6wz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Defending David and keeping him safe is spoken of as upholding or supporting him. Alternate translation: “who defends me” or “who keeps me safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1916	54:5	gch4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Punishment is spoken as if it were payment. Alternate translation: “He will do the evil to my enemies that they have done to me” or “He will cause the evil that my enemies have done to me to be done to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1917	54:5	y135				0	Here David changes from talking about God to talking to God. Alternate translation: “God, destroy them because you are faithful to me”
1918	54:6	kq3s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Yahweh’s name represents him. Alternate translation: “I will give thanks to you, Yahweh, for you are good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1919	54:7	q8mm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The eye represents the person. Alternate translation: “I have looked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1920	54:7	z3ih		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Possible meanings are (1) seeing that his enemies have been defeated. Alternate translation: “I have seen that my enemies have been defeated” or (2) defeating his enemies. Alternate translation: “I have defeated my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1921	55:intro	fx5e				0	Psalm 055 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 55 is a deliverance psalm. The psalmist is praying that God will deliver him from his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Betrayal The author wishes he could get far away from his enemies after his best friend betrayed him. He asks God to completely destroy his enemies. He is trusting God to save him. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) Superscription This psalm is called “a Maschil of David.” The word “Maschil” in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
1922	55:1	gsm2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1923	55:1	v48i				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
1924	55:1	y5nc				0	“people should play stringed instruments with this song”
1925	55:1	lzt7				0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1
1926	55:1	v59z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Giving one’s ear represents listening. Alternate translation: “Listen to my prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1927	55:1	v8bq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Refusing to pay attention to his plea is spoken of as hiding himself from it. Alternate translation: “do not ignore my plea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1928	55:3	ag8m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “voice” represents what they say. Alternate translation: “because of what my enemies say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1929	55:3	iqu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Causing trouble is spoken of as bringing trouble. Alternate translation: “they cause me to have great troubles” or “they do wicked things to me and so I suffer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1930	55:4	z3pk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here, “heart trembles” refers to his emotional pain and suffering. This suffering is because of fear. Alternate translation: “I am suffering because I am so afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1931	55:4	jr4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Becoming very afraid, or terrified, is spoken of as if terror is a thing that falls on a person. Alternate translation: “I am very much afraid that I will die” or “I am terrified that I will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1932	55:5	spg6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Becoming fearful and trembling is spoken of as if fearfulness and trembling are things that come on a person. Alternate translation: “I have become very fearful and I tremble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1933	55:5	lr6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Feeling horror is spoken of as if horror were a thing that can cover people. Alternate translation: “I feel terrible horror” or “I am extremely afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1934	55:6	xih1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations		0	This exclamation expresses something the writer wishes for very much. Alternate translation: “I wish very much that I had wings like a dove” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
1935	55:6	dd1u				0	“If I did have wings, I would fly away”
1936	55:7	kwx9				0	“I would do that and more: I would wander”
1937	55:8	kzu3				0	The writer finishes telling about what he had said.
1938	55:8	v8vq				0	a strong storm
1939	55:9	rlv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Destroying something is spoken of as eating all of it. Possible meanings are “Destroy my enemies’ plans” or “Destroy my enemies.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1940	55:9	xsb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Language” here represents what the people were saying to each other, and probably refers specifically to them talking about plans to do evil. Confusing it represents making the people unable to understand each other. Alternate translation: “confuse them when they speak to each other” or “confuse their plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1941	55:10	adq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	“violence and strife go about on her walls” (Psalms 55:9). Violence and strife are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who cause violence and strife. Alternate translation: “people walk about on the city’s walls, being violent and fighting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1942	55:10	mjb4				0	“along the tops of the city walls.” Cities had thick walls around them to protect them from enemies. People could walk along the tops of the walls to see if any enemies were coming to the city.
1943	55:10	wnf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Wickedness and trouble are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who do wickedness and trouble. Alternate translation: “people do wickedness and cause trouble in the middle of the city” or “people do sinful things and cause trouble in it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1944	55:11	r85i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Wickedness is spoken of as if it were a person. This can be expressed by telling about the people who do wicked things. Alternate translation: “People do wicked things in the middle of the city” or “people destroy things in the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1945	55:11	c726		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Oppression and deceit are spoken of as if they were people. This can be expressed by telling about the people who oppress and deceive others. Alternate translation: “People oppress and deceive others in the city streets, and they do not leave” or “People are always oppressing and deceiving others in the city streets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1946	55:11	av8t				0	This may refer to the marketplaces in the city.
1947	55:12	fkh4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Tolerating or enduring a rebuke is spoken of as bearing or carrying it. Alternate translation: “I could have tolerated the rebuke” or “I would not be so sad about the rebuke” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1948	55:12	sl4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Being proud of oneself and insulting another is spoken of as raising oneself up against another. Alternate translation: “insulted me” or “despised me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1949	55:13	q1xj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe		0	The psalmist speaks as though the person who had rebuked and taunted him were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
1950	55:13	h4d4				0	This can be divided and a new sentence begun. Alternate translation: “myself. You were my companion and my close friend”
1951	55:14	uy9r				0	The word “we” refers to the psalmist and his friend.
1952	55:14	jnv2				0	Possible meanings are (1) “together” or (2) “with the crowd.”
1953	55:15	a7kh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Death is spoken of as if it were a person that could attack people. Alternate translation: “Let my enemies die suddenly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1954	55:15	v19n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Dying suddenly is spoken of as if people were to go to Sheol so fast that they do not even die first. Alternate translation: “let them suddenly go to Sheol” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1955	55:15	wv2z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Wickedness is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be in a certain place. The habitual wickedness of his enemies is spoken of as if wickedness were with them or near them. Alternate translation: “they always do wicked things where they live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1956	55:15	ngt3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This phrase intensifies the idea of wickedness being very near them. Here wickedness is spoken of as being not only in their homes, but right where they are. Alternate translation: “They always do wicked things wherever they are” or “wherever they are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1957	55:16	v37m				0	This phrase shows that the writer has stopped talking about one thing and is now about to talk about himself. Alternate translation: “But I”
1958	55:17	wtr4				0	the sound people and animals make when they are in pain
1959	55:17	jq8f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “voice” represents either (1) the psalmist or (2) the psalmist’s complaints and moans. Alternate translation: “he will hear me” or “he will hear my moaning” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1960	55:18	g4qm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “my life” represents the psalmist. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1961	55:18	t38c				0	“for many people fought against me”
1962	55:19	hz58				0	“will hear my enemies” or “will hear what my enemies say.” Some versions say “will hear me.”
1963	55:19	tum6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	How God will humiliate them can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “will defeat and humiliate them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1964	55:20	c1lx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Raising the hand against people represents attacking them. This may be a metaphor for saying things that put people in danger or cause them trouble. Alternate translation: “has attacked those” or “has betrayed those” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1965	55:21	s648		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Someone’s “mouth” represents what he says. Alternate translation: “What my friend said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1966	55:21	r2m2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Speech that is pleasant or nice to hear is spoken of as if it were smooth and easy to swallow. Alternate translation: “What he said was pleasant like smooth butter” or “He said nice things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1967	55:21	qub5				0	“was mean” or “was hateful”
1968	55:21	xd9f				0	“what he said”
1969	55:21	xz3a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	People put oil on their skin to make it feel nice, and they put it on wounds to help them heal. Speech that is kind or helpful is spoken of as if it were soft or soothing. Alternate translation: “what he said was kind and soothing like oil” or “he said kind things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1970	55:21	h4sa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Speech that causes people trouble is spoken of as if it were swords that wound people. Alternate translation: “what he said wounded people as drawn swords do” or “what he said caused people trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1971	55:21	b32u				0	The word “drawn” here means that the swords were pulled out of their covers and ready to be used.
1972	55:22	r4ww				0	Here the psalmist is speaking to other godly people.
1973	55:22	es9t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here troubles are spoken of as if they were burdens that people have to carry. Trusting God to help us when we have troubles is spoken of as putting our burdens on him so that he can carry them for us. Alternate translation: “Give Yahweh your problems” or “Trust God to help you with all your troubles like someone who trusts a stronger person to carry his load” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1974	55:22	vk43				0	Taking care of someone or helping someone when he has troubles is spoken of as supporting him. Alternate translation: “he will take care of you” or “he will help you”
1975	55:22	x43r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person who is about to be severely harmed by some sort of disaster is spoken of as if he is tottering or swaying and is about to fall down. Alternate translation: “he will not let a righteous person sway and fall down” or “he will not let a righteous person to be destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1976	55:23	el52				0	The author speaks to God now.
1977	55:23	b5vk				0	This probably refers to the grave or hell.
1978	55:23	u8sz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This represents causing people to die. Alternate translation: “will cause the wicked to die” or “will cause wicked people to die and go to the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1979	55:23	kab2				0	“people who lie and who want to kill others” or “deceitful murderers”
1980	55:23	pe8d				0	“even half as long as other people live”
1981	56:intro	h1w3				0	Psalm 056 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 56 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Fear Although the psalmist’s enemies are trying to harm him, he is not afraid because God is protecting him. Superscription The word “Michtam” is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as “psalm.”
1982	56:1	xsm1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1983	56:1	by4v				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship;”
1984	56:1	azv1				0	This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing this psalm. Alternate translation: “Sing this psalm using the tune of ‘Jonath elem rehokim’” or “Sing this using the Jonath elem rehokim style”
1985	56:1	urm9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown		0	This may mean “Dove on Distant Oak Trees.” Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
1986	56:1	y6cg				0	Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
1987	56:1	q2la				0	The meaning of the word “michtam” is uncertain. You may use the word “psalm” instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote.” See how you translated this in Psalms 16:1.
1988	56:1	sz95				0	“come closer and closer in order to attack me”
1989	56:2	e4w9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The enemies’ fierce attack is spoken of as if they were crushing his body by marching on it. Alternate translation: “My enemies attack me severely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1990	56:3	zht6				0	The word “you” refers to God.
1991	56:4	ggu8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	Here a question is used to show that the psalmist is not afraid of people, because they cannot seriously harm him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “mere man can do nothing to me!” or “mere man cannot harm me badly!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1992	56:4	x7n4				0	“just humans” or “people.” This implies that people are not powerful, but God is powerful.
1993	56:5	n8j3				0	“All the time”
1994	56:5	fnl7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Repeating what someone says but changing it a little so that it means something different is spoken of as twisting their words. Alternate translation: “they say that I said things than I did not say” or “they claim that I said things, but they lie” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1995	56:5	q7xi				0	“they always have evil thoughts against me” or “they always think of evil things to do to me”
1996	56:6	gh4r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Watching what a person does in order to see how to cause him trouble is spoken of as watching his steps, just as someone who wants to capture a person watches where that person walks. Alternate translation: “they watch everything I do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1997	56:6	u2v9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Waiting to kill someone is spoken of as waiting for his life. Alternate translation: “as they wait to kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1998	56:7	huf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	What they might escape can be sued clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not let them escape your punishment for their iniquity” or “Do not let them escape when you punish them for the wicked things they do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1999	56:7	p8t9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Defeating the enemies is spoken of as bringing them down. Alternate translation: “Defeat the peoples” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2000	56:8	anm7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if God counted each time that the psalmist has walked in sadness and with no place to go for comfort. Alternate translation: “You care about all the times that I have been wandering alone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2001	56:8	m8ng		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if God saved the psalmist’s tears in a bottle. The tears represent crying. Alternate translation: “you know how much I have cried and you care about me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2002	56:8	yv3x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s concern for the psalmist is spoken of as if he wrote the number of the psalmist’s tears in his book. This question is used to remind God about how greatly he cares for the psalmist. Alternate translation: “you have written about them in your book!” or “you remember my cries!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2003	56:9	rvm7				0	“will retreat” or “will turn and run away”
2004	56:9	ui3x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This means that God favors him. In this context it implies that God fights against the psalmist’s enemies in order to protect him. Alternate translation: “God is fighting for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2005	56:11	an7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	Here a question is used to show that the psalmist is not afraid of people, because they cannot seriously harm him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “People can do nothing to me!” or “People cannot harm me badly!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2006	56:12	mw9n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Being obligated to do something is spoken of as if the duty to do something is on a person. Alternate translation: “I must fulfill my vows to you” or “I must do what I promised you I would do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2007	56:13	y3b3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The feet here represent the person. Falling here probably represents being killed by his enemies. Alternate translation: “you have kept me from falling” or “you have kept me from being killed by my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2008	56:13	y78t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Living and being seen by God is spoken of as walking before God. Alternate translation: “so that I may live in God’s presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2009	56:13	npe7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “the light of the living” probably represents God’s enabling people to live. Alternate translation: “with the life that you give” or “because you enable me to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2010	57:intro	hv64				0	Psalm 057 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 57 is a psalm of deliverance. It praises God for the many times he has delivered David. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Fear Since God is protecting the psalmist, he has nothing to fear from his enemies. Superscription The word “Michtam” is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as “psalm.”
2011	57:1	i8s5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2012	57:1	ga1f				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2013	57:1	s96j				0	This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. Alternate translation: “sing this psalm using the tune of ‘Al Tashheth’” or “sing this using the Al Tashheth style”
2014	57:1	yl31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown		0	This means “Do Not Destroy.” Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
2015	57:1	g4tb				0	Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
2016	57:1	jt8t				0	The meaning of the word “michtam” is uncertain. You may use the word “psalm” instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote.” See how you translated this in Psalms 16:1.
2017	57:1	wv56		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “I go to you for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2018	57:1	yn99		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of God as if he were a mother bird that protects its babies by huddling them under its wings. Alternate translation: “I trust you to protect me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2019	57:1	s371		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “destruction” can be stated as “destructive.” Alternate translation: “until this destructive storm is over” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2020	57:2	r2mu				0	This explains why he will cry out to God. It can be translated with “because.” Alternate translation: “because he does all things for me”
2021	57:3	k9zh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The enemies’ fierce attack is spoken of as if they were crushing his body by marching on it. Alternate translation: “those who attack me severely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2022	57:3	t1vd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s being kind and faithful is spoken of as if he were sending his kindness and faithful. The abstract nouns “kindness” and “faithfulness” can be stated as “kind” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “God will be kind to me and trustworthy” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2023	57:4	v2nz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of his enemies as if they were lions. Alternate translation: “I live among fierce enemies” or “Fierce enemies surround me like lions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2024	57:4	e5fn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Destroying is spoken of as devouring or eating something up. Some versions understand the Hebrew text to mean “fiery beasts.” Both images speak of his enemies as if they were wild beasts. Alternate translation: “those who are ready to destroy me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2025	57:4	j2hr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The enemies’ spears and arrows are spoken of as if they were lions’ teeth. The psalmist continues to speak of his enemies as if they were lions. Alternate translation: “people who kill others with spears and arrows as lions kill with their sharp teeth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2026	57:4	zdv3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	Since both of these terms are weapons, if your culture knows only one, it is acceptable to use it alone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2027	57:4	nz7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The tongue represents what someone says, and the enemies’ cruel words are spoken of as if they were swords. Alternate translation: “whose cruel words are like sharp swords” or “who cause terrible trouble for me by what they say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2028	57:5	t2dt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist is asking God to show that he is exalted. Being exalted above the heavens represents being great. Alternate translation: “God, show that you are exalted above the heavens” or “God, show that you are great in the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2029	57:5	ij37				0	The psalmist is asking God to show his glory. Alternate translation: “show your glory over all the earth”
2030	57:6	ywr3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	His enemies’ plans to capture him are spoken of as if they had spread out a net on the ground to trap him. Alternate translation: “It is as though my enemies have spread a net out to trap me” or “They planned to capture me like people who spread out a net to trap an animal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2031	57:6	pp5u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	His enemies’ plans to capture him are spoken of as if they had dug a pit for him to fall into. Alternate translation: “It is as though they dug a pit for me to fall into” or “They planned to capture me like people who dig a hole in the ground to trap an animal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2032	57:6	cj6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The harm that came to his enemies when they tried to capture him is spoken of as if they fell into the trap that they had made for him. Alternate translation: “They themselves fell into the pit they had dug for me” or “But they themselves were hurt by what they planned to do to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2033	57:7	mvj7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Being confident is spoken of as one’s heart being firm rather than shaken or easily moved. The phrase is repeated to show that he has complete confidence in God and will not change. Alternate translation: “I am completely confident in you, God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2034	57:7	gt62		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Who he will sing to can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will sing praises to you, God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2035	57:8	z1em		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It can be stated clearly that the purpose of waking up is to sing praises to God. Waking up may be a metaphor for starting or preparing to do something. The heart represents the psalmist or his emotions. Alternate translation: “Wake up, my honored heart, to sing praises to God” or “I will prepare my honored heart to sing praises to God” or “I am honored to wake up and sing praises to God” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2036	57:8	yl5r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It can be stated clearly that the purpose of waking up is to sing praises to God. The psalmist speaks as though the lute and harp were people who could wake up to sing praises to God. Alternate translation: “Wake up, lute and harp, and sing praises to God” or “I will play the lute and harp while I sing praises to God” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2037	57:8	hr4g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The dawn is spoken of as if it were alive, and getting up before dawn happens is spoken of as waking it up. The purpose of getting up before dawn is to praise God. Alternate translation: “I will get up before dawn” or “I will get up before the sun rises” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2038	57:10	vaa3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases are very similar in meaning. The greatness of God’s unfailing love and the greatness of his faithfulness are spoken of as if they could be measured in distance. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2039	57:10	tna7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The greatness of God’s unfailing love is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance. Alternate translation: “Your unfailing love is as great as the distance from the earth to the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2040	57:10	ywg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “great is your” and “reaching” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “great is your faithfulness, reaching to the clouds” or “your faithfulness is as great as the distance from the earth to the clouds” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2041	57:11	yyx8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist is asking God to show that he is exalted. Being exalted above the heavens represents being great. Alternate translation: “God, show that you are exalted above the heavens” or “God, show that you are great in the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2042	57:11	n64e				0	The psalmist is asking God to show his glory. Alternate translation: “show your glory over all the earth”
2043	58:intro	dhx6				0	Psalm 058 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 58 is a deliverance psalm. It asks God for deliverance from the unjust rulers. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) Special concepts in this chapter Deliverance Although the leaders are very evil and unfair, God can deliver his people from their oppression. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]]) Superscription The word “Michtam” is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as “psalm.”
2044	58:1	qfv5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	This psalm is a song about wicked people. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2045	58:1	d8qb				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2046	58:1	zc3z				0	This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in Psalms 57:1.
2047	58:1	x97c				0	Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
2048	58:1	xu51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The author uses this question to rebuke the rulers because they do not speak righteously. Alternate translation: “You rulers do not say what is right!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2049	58:1	f3j3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The author uses this question to rebuke the judges who do not judge uprightly. Alternate translation: “You people never judge people uprightly!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2050	58:2	n278		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you		0	The words “you” and “your” refer to the mighty men who are judges (Psalm 58:1) and so is plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2051	58:2	c5jn				0	The author answers the two questions he had just asked.
2052	58:2	d1u5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The heart refers to the people’s thoughts or plans. Alternate translation: “you commit wickedness in your thoughts” or “you think about doing wicked things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2053	58:2	fc72		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Doing violence in various places throughout the land is spoken of as distributing or spreading the violence throughout the land, as if violence were some kind of stuff or things. Alternate translation: “you yourselves do violent deeds everywhere in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2054	58:3	e66x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	This is the same idea expressed in two different ways. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2055	58:3	d7k2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Doing wrong things is spoken of as if people are walking on a road, and they turn off and go the wrong way. Alternate translation: “they do wrong things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2056	58:4	mff7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The wicked things people say are spoken of as if they were poison. Alternate translation: “Their wicked words cause trouble as a snake’s poison harms people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2057	58:4	f4ca		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Wicked people who do not listen to advice or rebukes are spoken of as if they were snakes that do not respond to a charmer’s music. Alternate translation: “they refuse to listen like a deaf adder that stops up its ears” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2058	58:4	tt5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	An adder that does not respond to a charmer’s music is spoken of as if it could put something in its ears so that it will not hear. Alternate translation: “an adder that does not listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2059	58:4	w1f7				0	a kind of poisonous snake
2060	58:5	b6id				0	people who play or sing music in order to control snakes
2061	58:5	hi9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	What the snake charmers were skillful at can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “no matter how skillful the charmers are at controlling snakes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2062	58:6	ptb3				0	The author lists things that he would like God to do to wicked people.
2063	58:6	x2zu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	In both of these phrases, the wicked people are spoken of as if they were lions, and making them powerless to kill people is spoken of as breaking their teeth. Alternate translation: “Take away their power to kill. Make them powerless like young lions whose teeth have been broken and fallen out” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2064	58:7	na9t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The wicked people are spoken of as if they were ice or water. No longer existing is spoken of as melting or draining away into the dry ground. Alternate translation: “Make them disappear like water that runs off” or “Make them vanish like ice that melts and drains into the ground” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2065	58:7	c9dm				0	“let their arrows be as though they had no points”
2066	58:8	hb5w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	No longer existing is spoken of as melting and disappearing. Alternate translation: “Let the wicked vanish like a snail that melts and no longer exists” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2067	58:8	hi5z				0	small animal that the Israelites considered unclean and that looks like it is melting as it moves by sliding over slime it has produced
2068	58:8	uu2z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Not existing is spoken of as being like a baby that is born dead. Alternate translation: “like a baby who is born too early too live and see the sunlight” or “like a baby that was born dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2069	58:9	ut8v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The wicked are spoken of as if they were thornbush branches, and God’s swift punishment of them is spoken of as if he were to quickly blow them away or sweep them away. Alternate translation: “God will destroy wicked people faster than a whirlwind can blow away thornbush branches that have been put under a cooking pot and lit with fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2070	58:9	khw3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you		0	David is speaking to God’s people, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2071	58:9	ka8t				0	“the heat from the burning thorn branches … the green thorn branches and the burning thorn branches”
2072	58:10	wz3e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	The phrase “the righteous” refers to righteous people in general. Alternate translation: “Righteous people will rejoice when they see” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
2073	58:10	gi2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Getting one’s feet wet by walking on blood is spoken of as washing the feet in blood. Alternate translation: “the righteous will make their feet wet in the blood of the wicked” or “the righteous will march on the blood of the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2074	58:10	ll57		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This exaggeration expresses that a great number of wicked people will die. Alternate translation: “so many wicked people will die that when the righteous march on their blood, it will seem as if they could wash their feet in it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2075	59:intro	zf27				0	Psalm 059 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 59 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Protection The author prays for God to defeat his enemies. God is his protector. Therefore, he will praise God. Superscription The word “Michtam” is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this word but, in the end, no one is certain what it means. It is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you can simply translate it as “psalm.”
2076	59:1	w4sd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2077	59:1	p57e				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2078	59:1	me33				0	This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in Psalms 57:1.
2079	59:1	il5y				0	Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
2080	59:1	ks3t				0	The meaning of the word “michtam” is uncertain. You may use the word “psalm” instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote.” See how you translated this in Psalms 16:1.
2081	59:1	hk4w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	A high place represents a safe place where his enemies cannot reach him. Alternate translation: “put me in a safe place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2082	59:1	rjh7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Rising up against someone represents attacking him. Alternate translation: “attack me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2083	59:2	ica6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The word “bloodthirsty” contains “blood,” which refers to murder and “thirsty,” which refers to desire. Alternate translation: “people who desire to kill” or “people who like to kill people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2084	59:3	c6a4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	David’s enemies are in hiding and are waiting quietly for the time when they can attack him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2085	59:4	zre5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Deciding to do something and beginning to do it is spoken of as waking up. Alternate translation: “do something” or “take action” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2086	59:4	b239		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	What he wants God to see can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and see what is happening to me” or “and see what they are doing to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2087	59:5	shi6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Deciding to do something and beginning to do it is spoken of as getting up. Alternate translation: “do something” or “take action” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2088	59:5	t4a1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “nations” here represents the people of the nations that do not honor God. Alternate translation: “the people of all the nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2089	59:6	aej6				0	The word “they” refers to the wicked transgressors.
2090	59:6	r2ww		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The psalmist speaks of his enemies threatening to attack people as if they were dogs howling, growling, or barking at people. Alternate translation: “they threaten to attack people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2091	59:6	fcr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Why they go around the city can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “go around the city to attack anyone they find” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2092	59:7	i5i6				0	Here the word “See” is being used to draw attention to something. Alternate translation: “Hear”
2093	59:7	rh1u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Saying terrible things is spoken of as belching. These terrible things may have been insults or threats. Alternate translation: “they say terrible things” or “they shout out terrible words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2094	59:7	q9fv				0	burp loudly; allow air from the stomach to come out of the mouth with a loud, rude noise
2095	59:7	vs38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The cruel things that the wicked people were saying are spoken of as if they were swords. Alternate translation: “they say cruel things that cause people trouble as much as swords destroy people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2096	59:7	d23a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question is used to show that they believed that God would not hear and punish them. Alternate translation: “No one can hear us!” or “Your God does not hear us!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2097	59:8	k3ws				0	“laugh at them scornfully” or “mock them.” God would laugh at them because they are worthless and powerless.
2098	59:8	x3cx				0	“you ridicule all the nations” or “you know that the people of the nations are fools”
2099	59:8	tjt6				0	ridicule
2100	59:9	av6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	God’s being the psalmist’s strength represents God protecting him. Alternate translation: “you are my strength” or “you are my protector” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2101	59:9	mi4w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A high tower is a place that people could go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. Alternate translation: “you protect me like a high tower” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2102	59:10	v7d9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This phrase implies that God will come to him in order to save him. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “My God, who is faithful to his covenant, will come to save me” or “My God will come to save me because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2103	59:10	tb7v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “desire” can be expressed with the verb “want.” Alternate translation: “what I want to happen to my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2104	59:11	c9tk				0	“Cause them to wander around”
2105	59:11	yf94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	God’s protecting the righteous is spoken of as if God were a shield. Alternate translation: “our protector” or “the one who protects us like a shield” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2106	59:12	iz4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The mouths and lips represent the things people say. Alternate translation: “Because they sin by what they say” or “Because of the sinful things they say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2107	59:12	a3ed		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let people capture them because of their pride” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2108	59:12	xb2v				0	“that they say”
2109	59:13	u1ga		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Destroying them completely is spoken of either as burning them up or eating them. Alternate translation: “Be angry with them and destroy them completely so there will be no more of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2110	59:13	h4zf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Jacob here refers to Israel. Alternate translation: “in Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2111	59:13	ct9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“to even the most distance places on earth.” This represents all places on earth. Alternate translation: “everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2112	59:14	v4xe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The psalmist speaks of his enemies threatening to attack people as if they were dogs howling, growling, or barking at people. Alternate translation: “threatening to attack us” or “threatening to attack us like wild dogs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2113	59:15	w18t				0	content, having everything they want
2114	59:16	a9we		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	High towers and refuges are places that people can go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. Alternate translation: “you have protected me like a high tower and a refuge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2115	59:16	vmt2				0	“whenever I have had troubles”
2116	59:17	q7yw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences		0	“To you, my strength” can be combined as one clause. Alternate translation: “You are my strength, so I will sing praises to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]])
2117	59:17	g4db		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	God’s being the psalmist’s strength represents God protecting him. Alternate translation: “my protector” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2118	59:17	m2u5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	High towers are places that people can go to for shelter from their enemies. The psalmist speaks of God protecting him as if God were a strong, safe shelter. Alternate translation: “you have protected me like a high tower” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2119	59:17	shn4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. This can be expressed in a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “He is the God who is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2120	60:intro	wza8				0	Psalm 060 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 60 is a psalm of war. Special concepts in this chapter Protection God has preserved the land of Israel, and now he will give them victory over the countries of Moab and Edom.
2121	60:1	ev3m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2122	60:1	usc3				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2123	60:1	vsl6				0	This probably tells what tune or musical style to use when singing the psalm. Alternate translation: “sing this psalm using the tune of ‘Shushan Eduth’” or “sing this using the Shushan Eduth style”
2124	60:1	m8be		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown		0	This means “Lily of the Promise.” Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
2125	60:1	tb2l				0	The meaning of the word “michtam” is uncertain. You may use the word “psalm” instead. This can be written as: “This is a psalm that David wrote.” See how you translated this in Psalms 16:1.
2126	60:1	x59t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	“Aram of the two rivers … the Aramean nation of Zobah.” These are places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2127	60:1	xt5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This refers to Joab and the army that he led. Alternate translation: “Joab and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2128	60:1	uk1f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers		0	“12,000 Edomites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2129	60:1	jey3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s rejecting people is spoken of as if he had thrown them away. Alternate translation: “you have rejected us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2130	60:1	tsh1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	God’s allowing Israel’s enemies to break through their defenses is spoken of as God himself had done it. Alternate translation: “you have allowed our enemies to break through our defenses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2131	60:2	cda8				0	The psalmist continues speaking to God.
2132	60:2	rmg6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of the disaster in his country as if it were an earthquake. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2133	60:2	qsa7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Making the people strong again is spoken of as repairing the fissures in the ground or walls. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2134	60:2	n526				0	large cracks in the ground or walls
2135	60:3	k155		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “see” represents “experience” or “suffer.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2136	60:3	m2ay		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Being helpless is spoken of as staggering around, barely able to stand upright. The abstract noun “staggering” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the wine that makes us stagger” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2137	60:4	fj97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s guiding his people in battle is spoken of as if God were a human king or commander who had set up a banner for the army. Alternate translation: “you are like a king who sets up a banner” or “you command us in battle like a king who raises up a banner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2138	60:4	f9q6				0	“battle flag.” This is a flag that a king or commander would raise up on a pole to show that the army should gather.
2139	60:4	xr7x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated with an active clause. However some versions have different interpretations of this phrase. Alternate translation: “to display against those who carry the bow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2140	60:4	pya3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The phrase “those who carry the bow” refers to the enemy soldiers in battle. Alternate translation: “to display when he takes his army into battle against your enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2141	60:5	lb5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	God’s right hand represents his power. Alternate translation: “by your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2142	60:5	p226		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Answering here represents responding to his request. Alternate translation: “respond to my request” or “answer my prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2143	60:7	ft6i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God speaks of the tribe of Ephraim as if it were his army. The helmet symbolizes equipment for war. Alternate translation: “Ephraim is like a helmet I have chosen” or “the tribe of Ephraim is my army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2144	60:7	d6zr				0	a hard hat that soldiers wear to protect their heads from injury
2145	60:7	c5sk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God chose men from the tribe of Judah to be the kings of his people, and he speaks of that tribe as if it were his scepter. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah is like my scepter” or “Judah is the tribe through whom I rule my people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2146	60:8	k3r4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God speaks of Moab being unimportant as if Moab were a washbasin or a lowly servant. Alternate translation: “Moab is like a bowl that I use for washing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2147	60:8	lax6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God was probably speaking of taking ownership of Edom as if he were symbolically throwing his shoe onto that land to show that he owns it. However some versions have other interpretations. Alternate translation: “I take ownership of the land of Edom” or “I throw my shoe onto the land of Edom to show that it is mine” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2148	60:10	ika5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The psalmist uses this question to express his sadness that it seems that God has rejected them. Alternate translation: “But God, it seems like you have rejected us.” or “God, you seem to have abandoned us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2149	60:10	v89k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of God helping their army as if God were to go and fight with them. Alternate translation: “you do not help our army when we go into battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2150	60:11	sm5b				0	“is worthless”
2151	60:12	x5wt				0	“will defeat our enemies”
2152	60:12	i34s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of God helping their army defeat their enemies as if God were to trample down the enemies. Alternate translation: “he will enable us to trample down our enemies” or “he will make us able to defeat our enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2153	61:intro	is6k				0	Psalm 061 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 61 is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapter Vow The author has vowed to praise God every day of his life because God has blessed him. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
2154	61:1	u44c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	This is a song about God’s faithfulness. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2155	61:1	y257				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2156	61:1	w7m6				0	“people should play a stringed instrument with this song”
2157	61:1	dkq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These clauses have a similar meaning. Alternate translation: “God, listen to me and answer my prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2158	61:2	z96p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the writer speaks of God as if he were a high rock that he could climb for protection. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2159	61:4	fq5b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Here there is a second metaphor that speaks of Yahweh’s protection as if he was a hen protecting her baby chicks under her wings. Alternate translation: “go to you for protection as a chick is safe under the wings of its mother” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2160	61:5	yk96		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God’s blessings as if they were an inheritance that he has received. Alternate translation: “you have given to me the blessings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2161	61:5	jwf1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “your name” means God himself. Alternate translation: “who honor you” or “who have an awesome respect for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2162	61:6	f381		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two clauses have similar meanings. The idea is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2163	61:6	m1j7				0	“You will extend the king’s life” or “You will cause the king’s life to last a long time”
2164	61:6	dq7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “years” refers to how long the king will live. Alternate translation: “he will live for many generations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2165	61:7	j14f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here “to remain before God” means to be in God’s presence or to be with God. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “God will be with him forever” or “God will be with the king forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2166	61:8	ut6s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “name” stands for God himself. Alternate translation: “I will always sing praise to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2167	61:8	yd7n				0	These refer to the promise to offer sacrifices to God every day.
2168	62:intro	dc2q				0	Psalm 062 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 62 is a psalm of deliverance. It expresses trust that God will save the psalmist from his enemies. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) Special concepts in this chapter Trust Although the psalmist’s enemies have attacked him when he was feeling weak, he trusts in God to deliver him. God is powerful and kind.
2169	62:1	fc8k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	This psalm is a song about God’s faithfulness. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2170	62:1	a4ay				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2171	62:1	zun4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	One of David’s chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. See how you translated this in Psalms 39:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2172	62:1	l5l8				0	“he is the one who rescues me” or “he is the one who saves me”
2173	62:2	hy6d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God’s ability to protect him as if God were a rock. Alternate translation: “He is the only one who can protect and rescue me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2174	62:2	ngh3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God’s ability to protect him as if God were a high tower. Alternate translation: “he keeps me away from the grasp of my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2175	62:2	s4ie		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing can ever move me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2176	62:3	b6ts				0	“my enemies” or “all my enemies”
2177	62:3	z326		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	David uses a rhetorical question to express his frustration. No answer is expected. Alternate translation: “It seems like my enemies will never stop attacking me. I feel that I am as weak against you as a leaning wall or a broken-down fence.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2178	62:3	c4q6				0	“attack me”
2179	62:4	n82a				0	“They intend to” or “They plan to”
2180	62:4	a18i				0	In these verses, David is referring to himself by “him.”
2181	62:4	j3uz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to their speech or their words. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2182	62:4	zqm3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to their thoughts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2183	62:5	nl4l				0	“for I place my hope in him”
2184	62:6	fy6x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock and a high tower. Both of these metaphors show how God provides protection from one’s enemies. Here “salvation” means that God rescues the writer. See how you translated this in Psalms 62:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2185	62:6	izy6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing can move me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2186	62:7	c9fh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God as if he were a rock that keeps one safe from his enemies. He also speaks of God as if he were a shelter that provides protection. Alternate translation: “God always gives me strength and protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2187	62:8	yq3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This refers to telling God your inner feelings as if you were pouring out a liquid. Alternate translation: “give your deepest concerns to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2188	62:8	ss3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive		0	The word “us” refers to David and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2189	62:9	zu93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	This refers to men of all levels of wealth and importance. The phrases “are vanity” and “are a lie” have the same meaning. One cannot confidently trust in anyone. Alternate translation: “you cannot place your trust in men, no matter how important they are” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2190	62:9	ckm7				0	If you put all of these kinds of men together on a scale, they would have no weight. This means that they have no real value to you.
2191	62:10	ubx1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two words have basically the same meaning. You cannot trust in money that you get by taking it from other people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2192	62:10	eu3d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of riches as if they were trees or vines that could bear fruit. Alternate translation: “for they will provide nothing good for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2193	62:10	j6sj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “fix your heart” is an idiom that means to desire something greatly. Alternate translation: “do not desire them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2194	62:11	x8ts				0	This means that God has said this more than once.
2195	62:11	kc1v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God being characterized by power is spoken of as if power belonged to him. The abstract noun “power” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “God is powerful” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2196	62:12	n56f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God being characterized by covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if covenant faithfulness belonged to him. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “You, Lord, are also faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2197	62:12	gl1p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God’s rewards as if he were paying a wage for work. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2198	63:intro	py5b				0	Psalm 063 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 63 is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapter Praise The author praises God for who he is and for having protected him.
2199	63:1	rct4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2200	63:1	jrr4				0	Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
2201	63:1	d7d1				0	sincerely
2202	63:1	c3we		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two clauses have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how greatly the writer desires to be with God. Alternate translation: “my whole being greatly desires to be with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2203	63:1	x4mg				0	“hot, dry desert”
2204	63:3	w2ui		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adverb and the abstract noun “life” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I value you being faithful to your covenant more than I value living, so my lips” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2205	63:3	cx75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my lips” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will praise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2206	63:4	vx4a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “in your name” means “to you.” Alternate translation: “I will worship you and pray to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2207	63:5	x5ky		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Here the writer speaks of knowing and worshiping God as being more satisfying than eating a good meal. Alternate translation: “I will be happier than a person who eats a meal of fat and choice food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2208	63:5	y596		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “with joyful lips my mouth” represents the whole person who will praise God joyfully. Alternate translation: “I will praise you joyfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2209	63:6	a4ez		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two clauses have the same meaning. The ideas are repeated to emphasize how much the writer thinks about God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2210	63:7	ca2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God as if he were a bird protecting its young under his wings. Alternate translation: “I rejoice because you protect me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2211	63:8	y8gh				0	“I need you” or “I depend on you”
2212	63:8	ua1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here, the right hand is used as a symbol of strength and power. Alternate translation: “you support me” or “you lift me up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2213	63:9	tm7l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This means they will die and go to the place of the dead. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “will die and descend into the place of the dead” or “will die and go down into the place of the dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2214	63:10	y78j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “the sword” represents death in battle, and “those whose hands use the sword” refers to enemies who kill them in battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will cause them to die in battle” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2215	63:10	i1md		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here “they” refers to the corpses of those who die in battle. Alternate translation: “jackals will eat their dead bodies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2216	63:10	ru7l				0	“jackals” here are a kind of long-legged wild dog. They feed on carrion, game, and fruit.
2217	63:11	q4st		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	David is speaking about himself. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “I, the king of Israel, will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2218	63:11	lcq4				0	The word “him” refers to “God.”
2219	63:11	a434		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “the mouth” represents the whole person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but God will silence the liars” or “but God will silence those who lie” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2220	64:intro	t6rs				0	Psalm 064 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 64 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Plotting of enemies The author’s enemies have plotted against him but God has saved him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
2221	64:1	b1fk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2222	64:1	j144				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2223	64:1	y5d6				0	save
2224	64:2	aj26		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “Hide” represents protecting, and “the secret plotting of evildoers represents” represents the harm that evildoers secretly plan to do to David. Alternate translation: “Protect me from the harm that evil doers secretly plan to do to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2225	64:2	czb5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “hide me” are understood from the previous phrase and can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “hide me from the commotion” or “protect me from the commotion”(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2226	64:2	u721				0	Possible meanings are that “commotion” refers to (1) a noisy disturbance. Alternate translation: “the noisy disturbance that the doers of iniquity make” or (2) a crowd that makes a noisy disturbance. Alternate translation: “the noisy crowd of doers of iniquity”
2227	64:3	zhn8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer speaks of his enemies’ tongues as if they were as sharp as swords. Here “tongues” represents the harsh words that the enemies speak. Alternate translation: “The harsh things that they say hurt me like a sharp sword” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2228	64:3	ugs8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of his enemies’ bitter words as if they were arrows being shot at him. Alternate translation: “bitter words which pierce me like arrows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2229	64:5	blg6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The evildoers do not expect an answer to their question because they think no one will see them. Alternate translation: “No one will see what we are doing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2230	64:6	jn8k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of man’s “inner thoughts” and “hearts of man” as if they were a deep body of water that no one can explore all the way to the bottom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2231	64:6	mfc5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	Both of these phrases refer to man’s private or inner thoughts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2232	64:7	g91b				0	The writer continues to speak of the “evildoers” of Psalms 64:1.
2233	64:7	a77p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God’s punishment of the evildoers as if God were shooting arrows at them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2234	64:8	xs48		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God’s causing the evildoers’ plans to fail as if God were making them stumble in their paths. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will make them stumble” or “God will cause their plans to fail” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2235	64:8	f4zp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “tongues” represents the words that they say. Alternate translation: “since the words that they say are against them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2236	64:9	gv21				0	“what God has done”
2237	64:10	v64d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to him for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2238	64:10	pzy4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “upright in heart” is an idiom that means godly or righteous. Alternate translation: “all the people who are godly will praise him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2239	65:intro	zl1t				0	Psalm 065 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 65 is a psalm of praise to God. Special concepts in this chapter God’s power God answered prayers and gave the people justice and hope. God created nature and controls it, sending rain so the grain and pastures grow well.
2240	65:1	g299		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	This psalm is a song of praise. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2241	65:1	qt1y				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2242	65:1	ce6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This speaks of praise as if it were a person who could act on its own. Alternate translation: “To you alone, God in Zion, we will offer our praise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2243	65:1	sw4a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we will do what we have promised you that we would do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2244	65:3	z8fr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	David speaks about iniquity as if it were a person that is able to defeat or oppress. Alternate translation: “It is as if our own sins were defeating us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2245	65:3	wz7b				0	The word “them” refers to our “iniquities.”
2246	65:4	s325				0	The words “you” and “your” in this verse refer to Yahweh.
2247	65:4	r5l8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This exaggeration expresses that the man is in the temple very frequently to worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “worship often in your courts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2248	65:4	g4b9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The goodness of your house, your holy temple, will satisfy us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2249	65:4	x47k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive		0	Here the word “we” refers to David and the people of Israel, but not to God, to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2250	65:4	re8y				0	“your house, which is your holy temple”
2251	65:5	g2mg				0	“Because you are righteous”
2252	65:5	q2jg				0	“you are”
2253	65:5	f2m8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two phrases have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “of all the people who live throughout the earth and across the sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2254	65:5	m7rv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to the people who live all over the earth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2255	65:6	sza2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God as if he wore his strength like a belt. Alternate translation: “showing that you are very powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2256	65:7	q7ky		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to create a vivid impression on the hearer or reader. Alternate translation: “the continuous roaring of the seas” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2257	65:7	r4p4				0	a loud noise caused by the wind and waves
2258	65:7	uww2				0	This is also something that God makes quiet.
2259	65:7	dyr9				0	loud noise
2260	65:8	u5vn				0	proof or something that shows that another thing is true
2261	65:8	vup2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The phrase “the east and the west” refers to the people who live all over the earth. Alternate translation: “you cause people everywhere to shout joyfully” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2262	65:9	e5cr				0	This refers to the soil of the earth.
2263	65:9	mt8r				0	“you make the soil very good so that good things will grow in it”
2264	65:9	rfe2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to the supply of water in the sky that God sends to water the earth and fill the streams. Alternate translation: “you fill the streams with water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2265	65:10	zg5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you		0	The writer is speaking to Yahweh, so these words are all singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2266	65:10	d2yu				0	“the earth’s furrows”
2267	65:10	v5qu				0	A furrow is a long narrow trench made in the ground for planting seeds or for watering the field where grains have been planted.
2268	65:10	l2ln				0	edges
2269	65:11	r7wm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you		0	The words “You” and “your” refer to Yahweh and so are singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2270	65:11	pc5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here the “year” is given the human quality of wearing a crown. Alternate translation: “You have honored the year with a good harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2271	65:11	q39j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh making the soil so good and fertile that it produces an abundant harvest is spoken of as if Yahweh were traveling through an empty land in a cart, leaving abundant food behind wherever he goes. Alternate translation: “everywhere you have been, you have left abundant food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2272	65:12	f7hf				0	There is so much dew in the pastures that they are said to drip with it. Alternate translation: “The pastures … are full of dew” or “Much dew drips in the pastures of the wilderness”
2273	65:12	m2ds		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of the beauty of the hills as if they were joyful people, and of joy as if it were clothing. Alternate translation: “the hills are like people wearing joy” or “the hills are like joyful people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2274	65:13	l7rv				0	The writer speaks of the pastures as being so covered with flocks that it is like the pastures are wearing a garment.
2275	65:13	le4m				0	a large field where animals feed on the grass
2276	65:13	h9k9				0	group of animals, such as sheep and goats
2277	65:13	kh7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The pastures, hills and valleys are so bountiful, that they seem to shout and sing for joy. Alternate translation: “they are like joyful singing people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2278	65:13	e1qd				0	The word “they” refers to the pastures and valleys.
2279	66:intro	xwm8				0	Psalm 066 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 66 is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh saves Just as God brought Israel through the wilderness, he took the author through hard times but saved him. The author will worship God by sacrificing animals to him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
2280	66:1	wxl5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	This psalm is a song of praise. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2281	66:1	kzn5				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2282	66:1	cmh2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	A “joyful noise to God” represents singing and shouting praises to God. Alternate translation: “Let all the earth sing and shout joyfully to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2283	66:1	j76g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to all the people who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “everyone on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2284	66:2	si2u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize how wonderful God is. Alternate translation: “Sing about how wonderful God’s name is; sing wonderful praise about how great God is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2285	66:2	n3za		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	God’s name here represents God himself. Alternate translation: “his glory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2286	66:3	sr8b				0	The works of God cause us to be in awe and terrified because we know he is powerful and holy.
2287	66:3	id4t				0	“Because you have great power”
2288	66:4	p1ln		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to all of the people who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “All the people on earth will worship you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2289	66:4	y7hi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “your name” refers to God himself. Alternate translation: “they will praise and honor you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2290	66:5	vn26				0	These words refer to God.
2291	66:5	y91w				0	“he causes people to feel fear and wonder when they see his deeds”
2292	66:5	ebc3				0	“humanity”
2293	66:6	t4bb				0	These words refer to God.
2294	66:6	ipc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to the crossing of the Red Sea. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2295	66:6	dbi6				0	The word “they” refers to God’s people, the Israelites.
2296	66:6	c4mh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive		0	The word “we” refers to the Israelites, their ancestors, David, and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2297	66:7	fhu2				0	These words refer to God.
2298	66:7	v55x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	These phrase “his eyes” refers to God himself. Alternate translation: “he sees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2299	66:7	csw4				0	“let not the rebellious people exalt themselves” or “let not the rebellious people be proud”
2300	66:8	p33g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two clauses have similar meanings. The idea is repeated to emphasize the importance of praising God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2301	66:9	nub8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive		0	These words refer to David and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2302	66:9	qfj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God’s protection as preventing his people from slipping as they walk or falling off a cliff. Alternate translation: “he has not allowed us to fall into disaster” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2303	66:11	eq4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God’s punishment as if God had captured his people in a net. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2304	66:11	wp2k				0	a trap for a bird or an animal
2305	66:11	ib6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of what the people have endured as having to carry heavy loads on their backs. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2306	66:12	el5w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is a picture of being horribly defeated in battle. Alternate translation: “It is as if our enemies defeated us in battle and then drove their chariots over our fallen bodies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2307	66:12	ua43		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God tested them with natural disasters like fires and floods. Alternate translation: “we suffered like people who suffer from fires and floods” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2308	66:12	t7hr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the blessings that the people of Israel now have as if they had been brought into a wide open space where they are safe. Alternate translation: “open place where we are safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2309	66:14	t3nu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “lips” and “mouth” refer to the words of promise that were spoken. Alternate translation: “which I promised” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2310	66:15	fl6u				0	“smell of the smoke of sacrificed rams”
2311	66:16	kd6i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The word “soul” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will tell you what he has done for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2312	66:17	utu4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The word “mouth” represents the whole person who cries out to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2313	66:17	s7eh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	Here “tongue” represents words or speech. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I praised him with my tongue” or “I praised him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2314	66:18	f2m2				0	“loved sin” or “held iniquity”
2315	66:18	kk8n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here “would not have listened” implies that God would not have answered his prayer. This can be made clear in the translation. Alternate translation: “would not have heard me call out to him” or “he would not have answered my prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2316	66:19	n9pa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two clauses have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize that God has heard his prayer. Alternate translation: “But God has truly heard my prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2317	66:19	itl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here the author’s prayer is given the personal quality of having a voice. Alternate translation: “my prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2318	66:20	sj37				0	Here “turned away’ represents ignoring his prayer. Alternate translation: “who has not ignored my prayer”
2319	66:20	p1vb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The phrase “has not turned away” is understood from the previous phrase and can be repeated here. The idea of “his covenant faithfulness” can be translated with the phrase “being faithful to his covenant.” Alternate translation: “and has not turned away his covenant faithfulness from me” or “and has not stopped being faithful to his covenant with me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2320	67:intro	g3hz				0	Psalm 067 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 67 is a worship psalm. Special concepts in this chapter Praise People all over the world should be praising God.
2321	67:1	w6h8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2322	67:1	v59b				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2323	67:1	d6gg				0	“people should play stringed instruments with this song”
2324	67:1	h266		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. Alternate translation: “act favorably towards us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2325	67:2	y8i3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people may know your ways on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2326	67:2	ahn5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The writer desires for everyone to know that God has the power to save them. This can be made clear in the translation. Alternate translation: “and the people of all nations may know that you have the power to save them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2327	67:4	w7lh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “nations” represents the people who live in all the nations on the earth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2328	67:4	g91t				0	“fairly” or “justly”
2329	67:5	e74n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	The second clause intensifies the meaning of the first to emphasize how important it is to praise God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2330	67:6	ew33		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here the writer speaks of “the earth” as if it has chosen to provide a harvest to the people. Alternate translation: “We have reaped a bountiful harvest from our crops” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2331	67:7	m77g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This means that people everywhere should honor God because of his blessings. Alternate translation: “I desire that all people everywhere on the earth may have an awesome respect for him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2332	68:intro	i82v				0	Psalm 068 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 68 is a worship psalm. Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s greatness God is exceedingly great. He takes care of the weak and helpless. He is glorious in his temple. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) No Common Theme Scholars have found this psalm the most difficult to interpret. There does not appear to be any unity to this psalm.
2333	68:1	c4xg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2334	68:1	mf9s				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2335	68:1	e798				0	Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
2336	68:1	ebe6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God beginning to act is spoke of as if he stands up. Alternate translation: “Let God begin to act” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2337	68:1	e3kc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let God chase away his enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2338	68:2	ea3v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s enemies are spoken of as if they are smoke that is easily blown away by the wind. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Drive them away as the wind blows away smoke” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2339	68:2	s3mi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s enemies are spoken of as if they are wax that is easily melted by a fire. Alternate translation: “cause them to disappear as wax melts before a fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2340	68:2	ea8r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to the wicked people in general. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2341	68:3	s74b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to the righteous people in general. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2342	68:3	e8rg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These means the same thing and emphasizes the amount of joy they feel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2343	68:4	u8td		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to God. Alternate translation: “to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2344	68:4	mtd6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s presence among people is spoken of as if he rides on the earth in a horse or chariot. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2345	68:5	nn11		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God is spoken of as a compassionate God who acts like a father to orphans. Alternate translation: “One who acts like a father to children who have no parents” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2346	68:5	jev5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God is spoken of as a merciful God who protects widows. Alternate translation: “a protector of widows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2347	68:6	ae7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God is spoken of as if he places lonely people into families. “God provides families for those who have no one to live with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2348	68:6	pki3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God is spoken of as the one who leads prisoners out of their confinement. Alternate translation: “God frees prisoners and makes them sing with happiness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2349	68:6	ri2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective refers to rebellious people and can be translated with either an adjective or a noun. Alternate translation: “rebellious people” or “people who rebel against him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2350	68:6	xq7k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s punishment of the rebellious is spoken of as if he forces them to live in a hot desert land. Alternate translation: “a very hot and dry land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2351	68:7	txl9				0	David begins to tell the story of God leading the Israelites through the desert to Mt. Sinai.
2352	68:7	nqa1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases refer to the same event. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2353	68:7	vqt5				0	“you led your people”
2354	68:7	ba2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God is spoken of as if he was a soldier marching ahead of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2355	68:8	t35q				0	“God caused it to rain”
2356	68:8	br66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	This idiom here refers to God’s appearance before the Israelites. Alternate translation: “when God appeared to the Israelites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2357	68:9	p896		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The land of Israel is spoken of as if it was a person who could be weary, or could gain strength. Alternate translation: “you caused the land to produce good crops” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2358	68:9	h87l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The land that God gave to the Israelites is spoken of as if it was an inheritance that a father passed on to his children. Alternate translation: “the land that you gave to us Israelites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2359	68:10	k4fw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: “poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2360	68:11	uv8e				0	David continues the story of the journey of the Israelites through the desert. In this part of the story, the Israelites are victorious in war over their enemies.
2361	68:11	t91n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The large number of people told the Lord’s message to others. They are spoken of as if there were a large army. Since this phrase is feminine, some versions translate it as, “the women who announced them … army.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2362	68:12	bm73		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The kings represent themselves and their entire armies. It is understood that they flee because they are defeated by Israel’s army. Alternate translation: “Kings and their armies flee from us because they are defeated” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2363	68:12	gj9s				0	things that are taken from the defeated army and brought to the victorious army’s home.
2364	68:13	u9e3				0	This means that some of the plunder is very valuable because it is covered with precious metals.
2365	68:13	m4ps		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question is used to rebuke the people who did not participate in the battle. Alternate translation: “Those who stayed among the sheepfolds should not have stayed; they should have gone to the battle.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2366	68:14	zi84		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	There were so many dead kings and soldiers on the mountain that they are spoken of as if they were snow covering the mountain. Alternate translation: “defeated so many enemy kings and soldiers there that they were like snowflakes covering Mount Zalmon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2367	68:14	qik2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “kings” refers to their armies as well. Alternate translation: “scattered the enemy kings and their armies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2368	68:14	d4j9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2369	68:15	j4i6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrase have similar meanings and are used together to strengthen each other. Alternate translation: “a mighty and high mountain is the hill country of Bashan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2370	68:16	g53a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “The high hill country of Bashan should not look in envy at the mountain which God desires for the place he will live.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2371	68:17	gr2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers		0	This is probably not meant to be an exact number, but to indicate a large number. Alternate translation: “many thousands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2372	68:18	z2qx				0	To “ascend” is to move up, to go toward the sky.
2373	68:19	g3s6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“carries our heavy loads every day.” The Lord’s care for his people is spoken of as if he was physically carrying their troubles as a burden. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2374	68:19	t8d1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The words “is our salvation” can be translated with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “the God who saves us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2375	68:21	w9jd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God is spoken of as a warrior who will kill his enemies by striking them in their heads in order to kill them. Alternate translation: “will kill his enemies by striking them in the head” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2376	68:21	kk8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It seems to have been the custom for soldiers not to cut their hair during the time of war. Alternate translation: “the long-haired skulls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2377	68:21	u633		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Offending God is spoken of as walking among the offenses. Alternate translation: “habitually offend him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2378	68:22	f82v				0	The word “them” refers to God’s enemies.
2379	68:22	t4dp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of the most remote parts of the earth where people might try to escape from God as if they were the depths of the sea. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2380	68:23	qyf9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The total destruction of Israel’s enemies is spoken of as if the Israelites had crushed them under their feet. Alternate translation: “totally defeat your enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2381	68:23	c62p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The violence of from the destruction of the enemies is spoke of in very graphic form, as if the Israelites would be standing in the blood of their dead enemies. Alternate translation: “stepping in their blood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2382	68:23	g8uz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The bloodshed from the battle against Israel’s enemies is spoken of as if it is so extensive that the dogs will lap up the flowing blood with their tongues. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2383	68:24	k3xf				0	A procession is a group of people walking together in an orderly manner as part of a ceremony.
2384	68:25	kyt4				0	people who play musical instruments
2385	68:26	qq11				0	It may be helpful to change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “You who are from the fountain of Israel, praise Yahweh and bless God in the assembly”
2386	68:26	smi2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “fountain” is a metaphor for the ability of the man Israel to be the ancestor of many people: as much water comes from a fountain, so Israel is the ancestor of many people. This also implies that the call is to those who serve God as the man Israel did. Alternate translation: “true descendants of Israel” or “all of you descendants from Israel”(See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2387	68:27	nt5p				0	“their group.” The word “their” refers to the leaders of Judah.
2388	68:28	f4wh				0	Some versions understand the Hebrew text differently: “Summon your strength, God” or “Use your strength, God”
2389	68:28	f4rw				0	“People of Israel, your God has decreed”
2390	68:28	wau7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive		0	The word “us” refers to the writer and the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh, to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2391	68:29	zq5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive		0	The word “us” refers to the writer and the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh, to whom he is speaking. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2392	68:29	isi1				0	“When you are present in the temple at Jerusalem, show us your power”
2393	68:29	fem7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “power” can be stated as “strong.” Alternate translation: “Show us that you are strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2394	68:30	c8e8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Many scholars believe these wild beasts are a metaphor that refers to the people of Egypt. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the people of Egypt who are like wild beasts in the reeds” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2395	68:30	g1z9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The peoples of other nations are spoken of as if they were a large group of cattle. Alternate translation: “the powerful nations, who are like herds of bulls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2396	68:30	c6zu				0	to disperse or to cause something to spread quickly in different direction
2397	68:31	n487		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that these princes come from Egypt in order to offer gifts to God in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Then the leaders of Egypt will bring gifts to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2398	68:31	c5dx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to the people of Cush. Alternate translation: “The Cushites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2399	68:31	i46u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	This is a symbolic action that represents worship to God. Alternate translation: “lift up her hands to praise God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2400	68:32	gn8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “kingdoms” refers to the citizens of the kingdoms. Alternate translation: “you people who are citizens of kingdoms all over the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2401	68:33	x1i6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The word “Sing” is implied as the beginning of this verse. Here God is described as if he rides in a chariot in the sky. Alternate translation: “Sing to God who rides across the sky in his chariot” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2402	68:33	npf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means he speaks powerfully. Alternate translation: “he shouts powerfully” or “he speaks loudly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2403	68:34	a3cn				0	“Ascribe” means to give credit to someone. Alternate translation: “Strength belongs to God”
2404	68:34	ul58		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as “powerful.” Alternate translation: “in the skies he also shows that he is powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2405	68:35	m2ya		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe		0	Here the author speaks directly to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2406	68:35	sy6i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two words mean basically these same thing. They emphasize how much strength God provides to his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2407	69:intro	im3w				0	Psalm 069 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 69 is a psalm of deliverance. The author prays to be saved from his enemies and for them to be punished. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) Special concepts in this chapter Deliverance The author prays for God to rescue him from his enemies. They show him no mercy, and he asks God to show them no mercy. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])
2408	69:1	emd2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2409	69:1	x1w1				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2410	69:1	jj9x				0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 45:1.
2411	69:1	b6zx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer describes the troubles in his life as if he were drowning in a flood of water. Alternate translation: “for it feels like I am drowning in the waters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2412	69:2	tpg9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer describes the troubles in his life as if he were sinking in deep mud. Alternate translation: “For it feels like I am sinking in deep mud and will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2413	69:2	ry13				0	thick mud
2414	69:2	u4k9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	The writer uses a negative statement to stress how unstable and uncertain his condition is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2415	69:2	bt2v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer describes his problems as if he was drowning in a deep, raging river. Alternate translation: “t feels like I am in deep waters, and the floodwaters flow over me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2416	69:3	qdk1				0	very tired
2417	69:3	d5w4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means the writer has cried so much that his eyes do not see well any longer. Alternate translation: “my eyes are swollen from tears” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2418	69:4	ks2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This is an exaggeration to express how many enemies the writer has. Alternate translation: “more than I can count, like the hairs on my head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2419	69:4	v3ns		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means “kill me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2420	69:5	z5mb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “foolishness” can be stated as “foolish.” Alternate translation: “the foolish things that I have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2421	69:5	c1z9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be expressed as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “you know all my sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2422	69:6	l21p				0	“Do not let those … do not let those”
2423	69:6	d5j2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Please do not allow anyone to put those who wait for you to shame because of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2424	69:6	ana6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Please do not allow anyone to bring dishonor on those who seek you because of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2425	69:6	djs5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Seeking God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: (1) “those who ask you for help” or (2) “those who worship and obey you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2426	69:7	se7t				0	“On your behalf” or “For you”
2427	69:7	td6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The rebukes of the writer’s enemies are spoken of as if they are a heavy load that he has had to carry. Alternate translation: “I have endured the insults of my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2428	69:7	l47r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the shame that he feels as if it is a foul thing on his face that everyone can clearly see. Alternate translation: “I am thoroughly humiliated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2429	69:8	f38a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of himself as if he were not part of his own family. Alternate translation: “My brothers no longer know or accept me at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2430	69:8	au3m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases mean the same thing. They are repeated to stress his separation from his own family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2431	69:8	w5cm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	It is implied that “I have become” should be understood here. The writer speaks of himself as if he were not part of his own family. Alternate translation: “my brothers no longer know or trust me at all” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2432	69:9	dwj8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of his zeal for God’s temple as if it was a wild animal that devours the writer. Alternate translation: “the zeal I have for your house consumes me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2433	69:9	d4m8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means that the writer’s zeal for the temple takes over all of his thoughts and actions. Alternate translation: “completely controls all that I think and do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2434	69:9	ckq9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the rebukes of Gods’ enemies as if they were rocks that were thrown at the writer. Alternate translation: “those who rebuke you have also thrown their rebukes at me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2435	69:10	y39q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	The fact that the writer was fasting indicates that he was sad about the way people treated God’s temple. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2436	69:10	dn9i				0	“my enemies rebuked me because of it”
2437	69:11	la4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	Wearing rough, cheap clothing was a symbol of mourning over sin. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2438	69:11	q7ys		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speak of himself as if he was the sad or foolish person in a proverb. Alternate translation: “I became the example of a sad person spoken of in their proverbs” or “they laugh at me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2439	69:12	m9ar		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “city gate” is associated with leadership of a town. Alternate translation: “The important people of the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2440	69:12	u3uq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of himself as if he was the person about whom the drunkards sing mocking songs. Alternate translation: “the drunkards of the city sing disgusting songs about me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2441	69:13	t3wv				0	“in your accepted time” or “when you are willing”
2442	69:13	ye88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “trustworthiness” and “salvation” can be stated as “faithfully” and “rescue.” Alternate translation: “rescue me because you faithfully love me, as you have promised to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2443	69:14	glu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2444	69:14	ce9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of his danger from his enemies as if he was sinking into a pit of mud. “Do not allow me to sink anymore in the mud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2445	69:14	q3rm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “take away” refers to being removed from danger. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “take me away” or “rescue me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2446	69:14	zv92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	It is understood that “let me be” is implied here. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “please rescue me out” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2447	69:14	llk8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks about his danger from his enemies as if he was drowning in deep water. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2448	69:15	ks55		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks about his danger from his enemies as if flood waters were covering him completely. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2449	69:15	d558		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of the deep as if it was a deadly animal that was about to eat him. Alternate translation: “the deep waters swallow me up like a dangerous animal” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2450	69:15	iz9u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here the “pit” is spoken of as if it has a mouth like a person and could eat the writer. Alternate translation: “Do not let the pit consume me” or “Do not let the pit of death close over me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2451	69:16	ywk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “you are good and faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2452	69:16	ir4z				0	“you are very merciful to me”
2453	69:16	w23e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The idea of turning towards someone means to pay attention to them or help them. Alternate translation: “help me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2454	69:17	l6nz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	To hide one’s face means to refuse to hear or help someone. Alternate translation: “Please help your servant” or “Please help me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2455	69:17	fq4r				0	“in great trouble”
2456	69:18	a5r7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer asks God to redeem him as if the writer were a slave whose freedom God could purchase. Alternate translation: “free me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2457	69:18	emr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer asks God to ransom him as if the writer were a captive whose release could be paid for with money. Alternate translation: “rescue me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2458	69:19	jv1e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	These abstract nouns can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “how people have rebuked me, shamed me, and dishonored me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2459	69:19	cbu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “before you” means that God sees and knows all about them. Alternate translation: “you know who all my enemies are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2460	69:20	d7kg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means a person is extremely sad. Alternate translation: “offended me deeply” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2461	69:20	dm8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer’s great sadness is spoken of as if he was full of a heavy weight. Alternate translation: “I am heavy with sorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2462	69:20	zw1r				0	to feel sorrow or sadness
2463	69:21	lfl7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is probably figurative. The food that people gave to the writer was so bad that it tasted like poison. Alternate translation: “They gave me food that tasted like poison” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2464	69:22	bt4m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer would like for his enemies’ food to completely ruin them as if they were small animals caught in a snare or a trap. Alternate translation: “May their food ruin them like a snare … may it destroy them like a trap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2465	69:22	fd3h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to food that was served on the tables, possibly at a feast. Alternate translation: “their own food” or “sacrificial feasts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2466	69:23	v67i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of eyes that cannot see well as if they were darkened. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Please make them unable to see anything” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2467	69:23	d56n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Weak backs are spoken of as if they are shaking in weakness. Alternate translation: “cause their backs to be too weak for them to do anything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2468	69:23	rry1				0	“their sides” or “their backs”
2469	69:24	x9dl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s demonstration of his anger is described as if he poured it out on his enemies like water. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2470	69:24	j3n9				0	anger of a person who has suffered injustice
2471	69:24	a5mh				0	“your burning anger” or “your strong anger”
2472	69:24	mws1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s judgment on his enemies is described as if he ran after them and caught them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2473	69:25	hl9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	This abstract noun can be stated as “abandoned.” Alternate translation: “become abandoned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2474	69:26	u691				0	“they persecuted the man”
2475	69:26	q569		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here to be “struck down” refers to punishment. Alternate translation: “you punished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2476	69:26	x39c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here to be “wounded” refers to causing them to suffer. Alternate translation: “those you have caused to suffer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2477	69:27	ha19				0	“Keep making a record of all their sins”
2478	69:27	ix9p				0	“very many sins”
2479	69:27	fv3w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	To come into God’s victory is an idiom that means to receive a reward from him. Alternate translation: “do not let them receive your righteous reward” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2480	69:28	qt7j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “them” refers to the names of the enemies. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Wipe out their names in” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2481	69:28	el1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	It is inferred that “let them” is understood. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “do not write down their names” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2482	69:29	k8wx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated with the verb “save.” Here “on high” refers to a place of safety.” Alternate translation: “God, save me and put me in a safe place” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2483	69:30	m7bv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “name” refers to God himself. Alternate translation: “God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2484	69:30	bl7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	This abstract noun can be stated with the verb “thank.” Alternate translation: “by thanking him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2485	69:31	q988		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is understood that the ox and the bull are to be offered to God as sacrifices. Alternate translation: “better than sacrificing an ox or sacrificing a bull” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2486	69:31	axd8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish		0	This phrase distinguishes the full grown bulls from other younger cows. Alternate translation: “a bull that is full grown with horns and hooves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
2487	69:32	b8xa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to meek people in general. Alternate translation: “Meek people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2488	69:32	ky6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Seeking God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “you who ask God for help” or “you who think about God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2489	69:32	i99y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “hearts” refer to the people. Here “live” is an idiom that means to be encouraged. Alternate translation: “may you be encouraged” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2490	69:33	arn6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hears” means to respond. Alternate translation: “Yahweh answers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2491	69:33	ij3h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to needy people in general. Alternate translation: “needy people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2492	69:33	eag2				0	“those who have suffered for him”
2493	69:34	k14w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here heaven and earth and the seas are spoken of as if they are people who are able to praise God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2494	69:34	p3qb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	It is implied that “Let … praise him” should be understood here. Alternate translation: “let he seas and everything that moves in them praise him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2495	69:35	m398		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “Zion” refers to the people in Zion. Alternate translation: “God will save the people of Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2496	69:35	w8jf				0	The word “it” refers to the land of Judah.
2497	69:36	s9pk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “name” refers to God himself. Alternate translation: “who love God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2498	70:intro	qdg2				0	Psalm 070 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 70 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist asks God to deliver him from his enemies. Special concepts in this chapter Help The author needs help and needs it immediately. Psalm 40 This psalm is an almost exact duplicate of Psalm 40:13-17.
2499	70:1	eg6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2500	70:1	m2am				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2501	70:1	f84m				0	Possible meanings are (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
2502	70:2	f38b				0	“the people who”
2503	70:2	t9us		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means “kill me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2504	70:2	l7y2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may God put them to shame and bring disgrace upon them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2505	70:2	sxa6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may God turn them around and make them ashamed for what they have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2506	70:2	g5lq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	To be stopped or thwarted is spoken of as being turned back from their attack. Alternate translation: “stopped” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2507	70:3	b66b				0	This is an expression of mocking laughter. You may replace “Aha, aha” with whatever laughing sounds like in your language. Alternate translation: “those who mock and laugh at me”
2508	70:4	hi48		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Seeking God represents either (1) asking God for help or (2) thinking about God and obeying him. Alternate translation: “ask you for help” or “think about you and obey you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2509	70:4	fiv4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of gladness. Alternate translation: “rejoice greatly” or “be very glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2510	70:4	k76h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “love you because you saved them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2511	70:4	ymr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This exaggeration emphasizes that it is important to praise God often. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2512	70:4	xit2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let everyone praise God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2513	70:5	k146		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	Here the words “poor” and “needy” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that he is unable to help himself. Alternate translation: “very needy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2514	70:5	s6qa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God as if he were running to the writer in order to help him. Alternate translation: “come quickly to help me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2515	70:5	r77i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Here the phrase “you rescue me” explains how God is his “help.” Alternate translation: “you help me by rescuing me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2516	70:5	ww8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “please come quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2517	71:intro	r8sf				0	Psalm 071 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 71 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s help God has helped the psalmist all his life. Now that he is old, his enemy thinks that God has abandoned him; but the psalmist trusts in God and will praise Yahweh with songs of praise. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
2518	71:1	b9md		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2519	71:1	lb3w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “go to you, Yahweh, for protection” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2520	71:1	ew7k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. See how “do not let me be humiliated” is translated in Psalms 25:2. Alternate translation: “never let my enemies put me to shame” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2521	71:2	xl47		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Possible meanings are (1) “make me safe because you always do what is right” or (2) “make me safe as I do what you want me to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2522	71:2	q2dk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “your ear” refers to God’s willingness to hear someone who prays to him. See how this is translated in Psalms 17:6. Alternate translation: “pay attention to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2523	71:2	qwt1				0	“keep me safe”
2524	71:3	a39u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist requests that Yahweh make him as safe as he would be if he were hiding in a large rock or cliff where his enemies could not find him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2525	71:3	w8pz				0	These are hills or mountains, not rocks one can hold in one’s hand.
2526	71:3	usz4				0	“you have commanded your angels”
2527	71:3	xd9e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist believes that Yahweh will protect him and make him as safe as if he were hiding on top of a large mountain or inside a man-made fortress. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2528	71:4	p4mg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Possible meanings are (1) the word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the wicked, from the power of the unrighteous” or (2) “hand” refers to the person himself. Alternate translation: “from wicked people, from unrighteous … people” or “so that wicked people and unrighteous … people cannot harm me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2529	71:4	pb9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	“wicked; rescue me out of the hand of the unrighteous.” You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2530	71:4	pdn5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	These adjectives can be translated as noun phrases. Alternate translation: “wicked people … unrighteous people … cruel people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2531	71:5	tph7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hope” is a metonym for the one in whom the psalmist hopes. Alternate translation: “you are the one whom I confidently expect to help me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2532	71:6	rmx7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You have supported me from the womb” or “You have taken care of me ever since I came out of my mother’s womb” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2533	71:6	h427				0	“you are the one”
2534	71:7	cq9t				0	“Many people see how I live and want to live as I do”
2535	71:8	di1q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The psalmist speaks of his desire to praise and honor Yahweh with the words he speaks as if his mouth were full of words the way it can be full of food. Alternate translation: “My mouth will be filled with words that praise you … that honor you” or “I will always praise you … will always honor you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2536	71:8	vh1s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “praise” refer to the words that he will use to praise Yahweh. Alternate translation: “words that tell people how great you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2537	71:8	dq42		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “honor” refer to the words that he will use to honor Yahweh. Alternate translation: “words that cause people to honor you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2538	71:8	z7sk				0	“all day long” or “at all times”
2539	71:9	hwz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2540	71:9	ve6g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“Do not force me to go away from you.” For God to reject him is spoken of as God forcing him to go away. See how this is translated in Psalms 51:11. Alternate translation: “do not reject me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2541	71:9	l9jz				0	“do not leave me forever”
2542	71:10	wp8v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that they are watching for an opportunity to take his life. The euphemism “to take a life” means to kill. Alternate translation: “watch for an opportunity to take my life” or “wait for an opportunity to kill me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2543	71:11	kar6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This can be translated to make explicit that they are talking about him. Alternate translation: “They say about me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2544	71:11	fv3j				0	“follow him when he runs away, and kill him”
2545	71:12	acn7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Because Yahweh has not yet answered the writer’s request, he speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were standing far away from the writer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2546	71:12	eu8k				0	“help me soon”
2547	71:13	fkp7				0	“Let those who are hostile to my life be put to shame and destroyed”
2548	71:13	zj77		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Put them to shame and destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2549	71:13	m9nd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The words “my life” represent the person. The idiom “hostile to my life” means that these are people who try to harm him by accusing him of wrongdoing. Alternate translation: “those who accuse me of doing wrong” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2550	71:13	jq5a				0	“let those who seek my hurt be covered with rebuke and dishonor”
2551	71:13	bfc1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. The abstract nouns “rebuke” and “dishonor” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “may everyone rebuke them, and may no one honor them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2552	71:13	i5m7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The noun “hurt” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “those who are looking for ways to harm me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2553	71:14	ew9i				0	“more all the time” or “always more than I have before”
2554	71:15	ukx5				0	“I do not completely understand your righteousness and your salvation, but my mouth will tell about them all the day”
2555	71:15	r4ct		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The mouth is synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will tell” or “I will speak with my mouth and tell” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2556	71:15	diu6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “how righteous you are” or “all the good things you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2557	71:15	hjv1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “how you have saved me” or “how you save people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2558	71:16	mem9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go		0	Possible meanings are (1) “I will go to where people worship Yahweh” or (2) “I will go to my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
2559	71:16	ntp3				0	Possible meanings are (1) “I will tell them of the mighty deeds the Lord Yahweh has done” or (2) “because the Lord Yahweh has given me strength to do mighty acts.”
2560	71:16	xcy8				0	“will talk about”
2561	71:17	af7a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The implied information may be stated clearly. “taught me many things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2562	71:18	u6gc				0	“God, please do not forsake me”
2563	71:18	u45h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “strength” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I have been telling how strong you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2564	71:18	bs2s				0	“to those who are children today”
2565	71:18	k6sb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The omitted information may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and as I declare your power to everyone who is to come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2566	71:18	x4ym		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This exaggeration refers to everyone the writer can speak to. Alternate translation: “so as many people as I can tell will know” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2567	71:19	mu1p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of the good things God has done as though they were put together as a high building or a mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2568	71:19	a913		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “there is no one like you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2569	71:20	wi74				0	strengthen or make lively again
2570	71:20	sf33		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“The depths of the earth” here is a metaphor for where people go when they die. The psalmist had not already died, but in this exaggeration he speaks as if he had. Alternate translation: “when we are near death” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2571	71:21	b5t3				0	“I want you to increase … I want you to turn again and comfort.” Some translations read, “You will increase … you will turn again and comfort.”
2572	71:21	e1ew		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys		0	This describes one action through two phrases. Alternate translation: “comfort me again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2573	71:22	ix4p				0	“to you, who is the Holy One of Israel, I will sing praises while I play the harp”
2574	71:23	aku6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	“Lips” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will shout for joy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2575	71:23	we4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words the psalmist has omitted can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and my soul, which you have redeemed, will sing praises” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2576	71:23	ijs7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “soul” refers to the whole person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2577	71:24	wy5p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “tongue” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will also talk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2578	71:24	mf6u				0	“those who sought my hurt have been put to shame and are confused”
2579	71:24	h4mq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for God has put to shame and confused them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2580	71:24	kz4y				0	This refers to the enemies of the writer. (Psalms 71:10). See how “those who seek my hurt” is translated in Psalms 71:13.
2581	72:intro	h1hi				0	Psalm 072 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 72 is a psalm for the king when he begins to be the king. David wrote it as a blessing on his son, Solomon. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) Special concepts in this chapter Blessings for the king May the king be honored throughout the world. May he help the poor. May there be prosperity while he is king. Close of Book Two The whole collection of Psalms has been divided into several “books.” This is the last psalm of the second book. It is attributed to Solomon, the son of David.
2582	72:1	u47g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. Possible meanings for the header “a psalm of Solomon” are (1) David wrote this psalm about Solomon (“the king’s son”) or (2) Solomon (who, as David’s son, was “the king’s son”) wrote this psalm as a prayer about himself or (3) another king wrote it about his son in the style of Solomon. People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2583	72:1	sep9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	Possible meanings are (1) “Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to my son” or (2) “Give me, the king, your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to me, the king’s son.” People in those days would often speak of themselves as if they were someone else. However, it would be best to translate this as though the psalmist is speaking of someone else, not of himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2584	72:1	vw1m				0	“Enable the king to judge rightly”
2585	72:1	p2xg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Here the word “righteousness” refers to making righteous decisions. Alternate translation: “give your righteousness to the king’s son” or “enable the king’s son to rule with righteousness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2586	72:2	d3dt				0	If David wrote this, he is talking about his son, “the king’s son,” he is speaking of the time when his son will be king. If Solomon wrote it, even though he is writing about himself, it would be best to translate as though he were writing about someone else. Either way, “May the king judge” is the best translation.
2587	72:2	d51c				0	The psalmist is speaking to God.
2588	72:2	faw9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The adjective “poor” refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “may he judge your poor people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2589	72:3	fx1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The psalmist speaks of the people of Israel as if they were the mountains and hills on which they live. He speaks of the mountains and the hills as if they were the entire land of Israel, as if that land were a garden that produces fruit, and of peace and righteousness as if they are that fruit. Alternate translation: “May the people of the land live in peace … may they do everything in a righteous way” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2590	72:4	ln6a				0	These refer to the one who will “judge” (Psalms 72:2).
2591	72:4	lx1g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the king defeating or punishing people who oppress others as if those people were objects that the king would break into pieces. Alternate translation: “punish the person who oppresses others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2592	72:5	qf1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The sun and the moon are metonyms for the day and the night, which together are a merism for all time. Alternate translation: “forever, and without ending” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2593	72:6	fay4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The king will be good, and he will do good things for his people as if he were rain doing good for freshly cut grass. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2594	72:6	bsl9				0	“I desire that he come”
2595	72:6	v3st		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	“May he come down like showers that water.” The king will be good, and he will do good things for his people as if he were rain doing good for the ground. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2596	72:7	ch52		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The adjective “righteous” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2597	72:7	pqr9				0	Possible meanings are (1) “while the king rules” or (2) “as long as the righteous person lives” or “as long as the righteous people live.”
2598	72:7	r4e2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks as if peace were a physical object like food. An “abundance” is when there is much of something. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “abundance” and “peace.” Alternate translation: “may righteous people live peacefully” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2599	72:7	m2kd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	“as long as the moon shines” or “forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2600	72:8	mm24				0	“May the king have dominion”
2601	72:8	vh7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	Both of these expressions are merisms and refer to the whole earth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2602	72:8	v5fy				0	from the Dead Sea and the Sea of Kinnereth in the east to the Mediterranean Sea in the west.
2603	72:8	m3b5				0	“the Euphrates River,” which the Israelites would travel to on land by going north
2604	72:8	dxj8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	as far as people could travel on land by different routes to the south. The Israelites spoke of the earth as if it were a flat surface with ends. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2605	72:9	c1h1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is a metaphor for extreme humiliation. Alternate translation: “do everything they can so he will allow them to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2606	72:10	ds5s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2607	72:10	jht5				0	pay
2608	72:10	h88r				0	“give gifts”
2609	72:10	pg7c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	This is the name of a country. It is not the same country as Sheba. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2610	72:11	j7ze				0	“bow down before him” or “honor him as their king”
2611	72:11	ivl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “nations” represents the people who live in the nations. Alternate translation: “the people who live in every nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2612	72:12	cj1a				0	“no one else to help him”
2613	72:13	w2hi				0	“He wants to stop the poor and needy from suffering”
2614	72:13	dra6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	Here the nominal adjectives “poor” and “needy” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that they are unable to help themselves. Alternate translation: “those who are poor and those who are needy” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2615	72:14	iey7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “lives” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “redeems them” or “saves them” or “rescues them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2616	72:14	a1wj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how badly the needy suffer. These abstract nouns can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “those who oppress them and hurt them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2617	72:14	gq3a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “their blood” is a metonym for their well-being. The sight of Yahweh represents his judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “their well-being is very important to him” or “he wants them to live well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2618	72:14	u32y				0	See how this phrase is translated in Psalms 19:14.
2619	72:15	e29x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This saying was used to honor the king by expressing a desire to have him live a long time. Alternate translation: “May the king live a long time!” or “I desire that the king live a long time!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2620	72:15	gew3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May they give him the gold of Sheba” or “May he receive the gold of Sheba” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2621	72:15	zya3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means “continually” and does not refer only to one day. Alternate translation: “continually” or “all the time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2622	72:16	d9j4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	An “abundance” is when there is much of something. This abstract noun can be stated as “much” or “plenty” Alternate translation: “much grain” or “plenty of grain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2623	72:16	nb8u				0	plants that people grow for food
2624	72:16	d8rg				0	Use the word for what long grass does when a gentle wind blows on it and it moves slowly back and forth.
2625	72:16	p8u5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	“like the cedar trees in Lebanon.” These trees were beautiful and had wood that was good for building. The meaning of this can be made clear. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2626	72:16	rl8f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The prosperity of the people in the cities is spoken of as if they were grass that grows abundantly in the fields. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2627	72:17	d3jj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This saying is used to honor God by expressing the desire for people to always remember him. Alternate translation: “May people always know about him” or “May people never forget who he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2628	72:17	ly6h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “his name” refers to God’s reputation. Alternate translation: “the king’s name” or “the king’s reputation” or “the king’s fame” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2629	72:17	ys89		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “as long as the sun endures” or “as long as the sun shines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2630	72:17	dq84		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may God cause him to do good things for people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2631	72:17	ru3v				0	“recognize that God has blessed them”
2632	72:18	ti3p				0	These verses are more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 2 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 42 and ends with Psalm 72.
2633	72:18	j629		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May people bless Yahweh God, the God of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2634	72:19	nw8m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May people bless his glorious name forever” or, treating “name” as a metonym for Yahweh himself, “May people forever know how glorious he is” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2635	72:19	s32j				0	“he, who is glorious, be blessed”
2636	72:19	qe7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may his glory fill the whole earth” or “may he fill the whole earth with his glory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2637	72:19	q3wa				0	The word “Amen” is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. See how you translated this in Psalms 41:13. Alternate translation: “May it certainly be so”
2638	72:20	ktc5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “David, the son of Jesse has finished his prayers” or “This is the last prayer of the David the son of Jesse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2639	73:intro	t2n1				0	Psalm 073 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 73 is a wisdom psalm. It explains the problem of wicked people who seem to prosper. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapter Evil people Sometimes it seems that wicked people have no problems and everything works for them. Despite this, they will be destroyed. In contrast, the righteous always have God to help them through problems. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) Psalms by Asaph There are twelve psalms attributed to Asaph; the first one is Psalm 50, which is in Book Two, and the other eleven (Psalm 73–83) are at the beginning of Book Three.
2640	73:1	p92k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2641	73:2	bq59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of being unable to trust God and wanting to sin as if he had almost fallen while walking on a slippery path. Alternate translation: “I almost stopped trusting in God; I was almost guilty of committing a great sin against him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2642	73:3	eb9z				0	“I envied the arrogant” or “I did not want arrogant people to have the good things that they had”
2643	73:3	jit7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The adjective “arrogant” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “arrogant people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2644	73:3	k8tb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “prosperity” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “how the wicked have so many good things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2645	73:3	tu1r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2646	73:4	b59h				0	Asaph begins to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” (Psalms 73:3).
2647	73:5	uzu7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The words “burdens” is a metonym for the struggles of daily life (need for food, shelter, clothing, and health). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2648	73:5	t5qn				0	“they do not suffer the way other people do”
2649	73:6	kp3l				0	Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” (Psalms 73:3).
2650	73:6	r8m8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This means the wicked show everyone how proud and violent they are as if they were wearing a necklace or beautiful robe. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2651	73:6	c2uh				0	This refers to things that rich and important people wear.
2652	73:6	fyb1				0	a chain usually made of gold or jewels that goes around the neck
2653	73:7	ttd1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Because they are like blind people who cannot see where they are going, they sin without knowing it. Being blind is a metaphor for a person being unable to see how wicked he is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2654	73:7	l8fr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the psalmist describes people’s thoughts as if they were people. He also describes the inner beings of wicked people as if they were a building in which those people could walk. Alternate translation: “in their inner beings they are always thinking about more evil things to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2655	73:8	alc5				0	Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” (Psalms 73:3).
2656	73:8	fmq4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Whom they mock can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “They mock God and his people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2657	73:9	b91p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “their mouth” is a metonym for their speech, and “heavens” is a metonym for God, who lives in the heavens. Alternate translation: “They speak against God, who is in the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2658	73:9	cln7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The word “tongues” represents the people themselves. Possible meanings are (1) “they go through the earth saying bad things about God” or (2) “they go everywhere and boast about themselves.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2659	73:10	t3at				0	Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” (Psalms 73:3).
2660	73:10	ack4				0	Possible meanings are (1) “God’s people love the wicked people” or (2) “the wicked people return to this place”
2661	73:10	k4em				0	Possible meanings are (1) “God’s people listen gladly to the words of the wicked people” or (2) “the wicked people have plenty of food to eat and wine to drink”
2662	73:11	k4v1				0	the wicked people say
2663	73:11	iqv8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	These rhetorical questions are to show contempt for God. These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Surely God does not know what we are doing. The Most High has no knowledge of it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2664	73:13	i3dh				0	In verses 13 and 14, Asaph continues to describe how he sometimes wants to complain to God about those who are “arrogant” and “wicked” (Psalms 73:3). In verse 15 he begins to talk about what he is really thinking.
2665	73:13	m4jl				0	The word “I” refers to Asaph.
2666	73:13	l9bt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of guarding his heart as if he were guarding a city or building against enemies. Alternate translation: “I have kept my thoughts pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2667	73:13	v713		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of his purity as if he had washed his hands with innocence instead of with water. See how you translated this in Psalms 26:6. Alternate translation: “my actions have remained pure” or “I have washed my hands to show that I am innocent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2668	73:14	svu5				0	“always” or “every day”
2669	73:14	gtr9				0	“You have made me suffer.” See how “they are not afflicted” is translated in Psalms 73:5.
2670	73:14	c72g				0	“I have been … punished”
2671	73:15	c23c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo		0	This hypothetical situation did not happen. Alternate translation: “I never said, ‘I will say these things,’ so I did not betray this generation of your children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2672	73:16	z5qd				0	The good things that happen to “the wicked” (Psalms 73:4-Psalms 12).
2673	73:17	r3rj				0	“what happens to wicked people when they die” or “how wicked people die”
2674	73:18	n9na				0	The word “them” refers to the wicked.
2675	73:18	pt49				0	“unsafe or unstable ground.” See how “slipped” is translated in Psalms 73:2.
2676	73:19	b63l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “wilderness” is a metaphor for a person who has lost everything good. Alternate translation: “How quickly they are destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2677	73:20	d2qf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The wicked will last no longer than what a person sees in a dream. It disappears as soon as the person wakes up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2678	73:21	dz6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The word “heart” represents the person emphasizing their thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “I was very sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2679	73:21	r3jv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of emotional pain as if it were physical pain by being pierced with a knife or arrow. Alternate translation: “I felt like someone had wounded me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2680	73:22	ei39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how little he knew. Alternate translation: “very ignorant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2681	73:22	sb92				0	“understood nothing”
2682	73:22	xw9q				0	This “you” refers to God.
2683	73:23	v8cf				0	The word “I” here represents Asaph. The word “you” here represents God.
2684	73:23	mif5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The person’s “right hand” refers to the whole person. This shows an intimate relationship with God that offers stability and security. Alternate translation: “You hold me close” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2685	73:24	yt7j				0	Possible meanings are (1) “put me where people will honor me” or (2) “honor me by taking me to where you are.” See how “receive me” is translated in Psalms 49:15.
2686	73:25	l5a5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	You can translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one for me in heaven but you!” or “You are the only one I have in heaven!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2687	73:25	p7l4				0	“among the gods” or “among the supernatural beings”
2688	73:26	u7tm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “My body and my mind” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2689	73:27	zd6j				0	Asaph continues to talk about God.
2690	73:27	i4nr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the idea of staying far from God is compared to being unwilling to obey him. Alternate translation: “Those who do not want to obey you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2691	73:28	s5pl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh as if he were a place to which a person could flee for safety. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2692	74:intro	nd5v				0	Psalm 074 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 74 is a psalm of deliverance. The people have been completely conquered and they pray for God to deliver them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter God’s power The enemies have destroyed God’s temple and are insulting the people. God is powerful. He made everything and he chose Israel for his people. He should avenge himself on these enemies that have burnt his temple. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]]) Superscription This is called a “Maschil.” The word in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
2693	74:1	vy9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2694	74:1	k7ui				0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.
2695	74:1	c2uv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “God, we have done nothing wrong, but you have rejected us forever!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2696	74:1	nb2u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are the ones you have promised to care for, and we have done nothing wrong, but now you are angry with us!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2697	74:1	ap93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of the people of Israel as if they were sheep. Alternate translation: “against Israel, who are like the sheep whom you feed in your pasture” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2698	74:2	wr2p				0	“Pay attention to.” God has not forgotten his people, but he does not seem to be thinking about them.
2699	74:2	n7ia				0	“yours forever”
2700	74:3	i8hy				0	These verses describe an actual event, a physical attack on the temple of Israel in Jerusalem.
2701	74:3	vn6h				0	Asaph is addressing God, asking him to come look at the destruction.
2702	74:4	df7h				0	The adversaries were shouting loudly with a great cry of victory.
2703	74:6	sqm2				0	This refers to carvings on wood, metal, or stone in the temple.
2704	74:7	d2f6				0	Asaph continues to describe the destruction of the temple.
2705	74:7	h8rv				0	Here “they” refers to the adversaries mentioned in Psalms 74:4.
2706	74:8	dt7g				0	Here “they” refers to the adversaries mentioned in Psalms 74:4.
2707	74:8	aq36		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “They said to themselves” or “They thought to themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2708	74:9	c4rh				0	Asaph is addressing God about the destruction he sees.
2709	74:9	y2uq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) “We do not see any more miraculous signs from God” or (2) “All our sacred symbols are gone” or (3) the “signs” are the flags and symbols of an army representing the army itself. Alternate translation: “They have completely destroyed our army” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2710	74:10	d7ac		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “God, the enemy has been throwing insults at you for too long!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2711	74:10	qxe3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems as if you will never stop the enemy from blaspheming your name!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2712	74:10	nv8x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “name” is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: “say that you are bad” or “insult you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2713	74:11	mc4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The psalmist speaks of God as if he had a physical body. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Stop holding back your hand, your right hand!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2714	74:11	m38y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “not show your power” or “not use your power to destroy your enemies” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2715	74:11	hk11				0	“your strongest hand”
2716	74:11	nc4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The psalmist speaks of God as if he had a physical body. “Stop hiding your power and take action” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2717	74:12	n2ul				0	This begins a new theme: Asaph is proclaiming God’s mighty deeds in the history of his people.
2718	74:12	r8vz				0	Possible meanings are (1) Asaph is speaking as Israel’s representative, “God has been our king since we Israelites first became a nation” or (2) “God, my king, was alive even in ancient times.”
2719	74:12	tqm1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with the verb “to save.” Here Yahweh saving people is spoken of as if salvation were an object that he brings with him. Alternate translation: “saving people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2720	74:13	gap9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Asaph is probably speaking of the time God brought Israel out of Egypt, divided the Sea of Reeds, led Israel through it on dry land, then drowned Pharaoh’s army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2721	74:13	ag39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Asaph is speaking of God as if God had a physical body. “You are so strong you were able to make dry land in the middle of the sea.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2722	74:13	r6uh				0	“the great water”
2723	74:13	f387		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph is probably speaking of Pharaoh and his army as if they were sea monsters. If possible, translate these words literally. Alternate translation: “when you killed Pharaoh’s army, it was as if you smashed the heads of sea monsters in the waters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2724	74:14	t17u				0	Asaph continues to speak of what God did long ago. He is probably speaking of when God brought Israel out of Egypt and drowned Pharaoh’s army in the Sea of Reeds. If possible, these words should be translated literally.
2725	74:14	dzv3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Leviathan is a sea monster. It represents a cruel enemy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2726	74:15	dqs2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh causing springs and streams to flow out of the ground as if he broke open the ground so that they could flow. Alternate translation: “You caused springs and streams to flow out of the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2727	74:16	i6gg				0	Asaph continues to recount God’s creative power.
2728	74:17	h3n1				0	“the boundaries of the land and the sea”
2729	74:18	c6xs				0	Asaph is pleading for God’s help.
2730	74:18	g7dq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	“Pay attention to.” See how this is translated in Psalms 74:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2731	74:18	x7xk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of insulting words as if they were physical objects, like stones, which the enemy was throwing at Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the enemy insulted you many times” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2732	74:19	x5rc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of himself as if he were a dove, a defenseless bird. This phrase may also be a metaphor for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “me, your dove” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2733	74:19	zrd5				0	A small, defenseless bird often kept as a pet.
2734	74:19	tp9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This phrase may be a metaphor for the enemies of Israel. Alternate translation: “a savage enemy that is like a wild animal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2735	74:19	rgi5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	“Do not continue forever to do nothing to help your oppressed people.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Come soon to help your oppressed people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2736	74:20	y6si				0	Asaph continues his lament to Yahweh.
2737	74:20	x6j9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of “regions” as if they were containers in which one could put “places of violence.” Alternate translation: “violent people do evil deeds in dark places in the land wherever they can” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2738	74:20	ul6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “dark” is probably a metaphor for a place where bad things happen or for the lands to which the Israelites had been sent in exile, but these words should be translated literally if possible. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2739	74:21	b3w6				0	“Do not let wicked people defeat the oppressed and make them ashamed”
2740	74:21	l26m				0	These are people who are treated cruelly by powerful people.
2741	74:21	z7yj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The words “poor” and “oppressed” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh saves many who need his help. See how these words are translated in Psalms 35:10. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2742	74:22	be6c				0	“show everyone that you are right”
2743	74:22	a6kn				0	“Pay attention to.” God has not forgotten how fools insult him, but he does not seem to be thinking about it. See how this is translated in verse Psalms 2.
2744	74:23	c7dc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “voice” is a metonym for the words people use when they speak. Alternate translation: “what your adversaries are saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2745	74:23	n9n5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The psalmist speaks of the words of those who defy God as if they were the loud sound of animals or non-living objects like water or the wind. Alternate translation: “and pay attention to the loud and meaningless words of those who continually defy you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2746	74:23	cyg8				0	boldly oppose
2747	75:intro	rtb1				0	Psalm 075 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 75 is a wisdom psalm; teaching what will happen to evil people. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapter Punishment God has warned the evil people that they will be punished. He will strengthen the good people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])
2748	75:1	nc37		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	The people of God are speaking in 75:1, and God speaks in 75:2-3. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2749	75:1	isd5				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2750	75:1	wue5				0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 57:1.
2751	75:1	tu5l				0	“This is a psalm that Asaph wrote.” See how this is translated in Psalms Psalm 53.
2752	75:3	a6n9				0	“all the people who live on it”
2753	75:3	xv9l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“keep the earth from being destroyed” or Alternate translation: “keep my people safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2754	75:4	ix6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The words “the arrogant” and “the wicked” are nominal adjectives that can be translated with nouns. The verb for the second phrase may be supplied from the first. Alternate translation: “I said to the arrogant people … and I said to the wicked people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2755	75:4	wl2r				0	Possible meanings are (1) God is speaking or (2) Asaph is speaking.
2756	75:4	yz7y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns		0	The speaker is speaking to many wicked people, so these forms are plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
2757	75:4	wg7k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of wicked people as if they were animals with horns on their heads, stretching their necks and holding their heads high to frighten other animals. Alternate translation: “Do not be confident” or “Do not boast about how strong you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2758	75:5	zai8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns		0	The speaker is speaking to many wicked people, so these forms are plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
2759	75:5	dl75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of wicked people as if they were animals with horns on their heads, stretching their necks and holding their heads as high as they can to frighten other animals. Alternate translation: “Be especially sure not to boast that you are greater than God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2760	75:5	cfl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Asaph speaks of wicked people who defy or challenge God as if they were animals with horns on their heads, stretching their necks and holding their heads high to frighten other animals. Alternate translation: “arrogantly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2761	75:6	eqm6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Asaph speaks of the one who lifts up as if he were the action of lifting up. He also speaks of God giving strength and honor to a person as if God were physically lifting that person up. Alternate translation: “The one who will lift you up will not be someone who comes from the east” or “The one who will make you strong and have people honor you will not be someone who comes from the east” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2762	75:7	h39y				0	Asaph speaks about God.
2763	75:7	ii5h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The objects of the verbs can be stated clearly: “he brings some people down and he lifts other people up.” The words “brings down” and “raises up” are metaphors for God making people powerful and taking away their power. Alternate translation: “he makes one man king in place of another man” or “he takes away one man’s power and gives power to another man” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2764	75:8	hs8p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	When Yahweh punishes the people they will be like people who have drunk strong wine and become ill. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2765	75:8	w9az		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The foam is a metaphor for the power of the wine to make people drunk, Alternate translation: “strong wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2766	75:8	gn3y				0	dried leaves or ground seeds
2767	75:8	i928				0	pours it from a large container into the cups that the people will drink from
2768	75:8	x1zf				0	“drink every drop of it”
2769	75:10	vl5i				0	God says
2770	75:10	eip6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The horns of an animal are a metaphor for the power of a person. Alternate translation: “take away all power from” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2771	75:10	qr6b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The horns of an animal are a metaphor for the power of a person. This can be translated as a statement in active form. Alternate translation: “I will raise up the horns of the righteous” or “I will make the righteous powerful” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2772	76:intro	ml6q				0	Psalm 076 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 76 is a worship psalm. Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s greatness God is great. He has conquered all the nations surrounding Israel. Everyone should bring him gifts.
2773	76:1	qjr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2774	76:1	ps6c				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2775	76:1	ec3c				0	“people should play stringed instruments with this song.”
2776	76:1	a8wr				0	“This is a psalm that Asaph wrote” See how this is translated in Psalms 53:1.
2777	76:1	l846				0	“caused the people of Judah to know who he is” or “made himself famous in Judah”
2778	76:1	mmj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The words “his name” are a metonym for his reputation. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel consider him good and powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2779	76:2	z5vd				0	“the place where he has chosen to live”
2780	76:3	e4xp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	These words are probably a metaphor for God causing the people of Judah to live in peace without being afraid of enemies making war on them, but the words should be translated literally. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2781	76:4	z2fb				0	Asaph speaks of God as if God was a soldier returning from a mountain after winning a great battle.
2782	76:4	h3jm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The second phrase strengthens the first phrase in that Yahweh’s glory relates to Yahweh shining brightly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2783	76:4	zyy2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The words “shine brightly” are a metaphor for being great. Alternate translation: “You show how extremely great you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2784	76:5	at6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Your people killed the brave soldiers of their enemies and then took all their possessions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2785	76:5	xyy9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	Here “fell asleep” is a euphemism for died. Alternate translation: “died” or “fell down dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2786	76:6	zz9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “rebuke” refers to saying something in an angry or critical way. Alternate translation: “When you rebuked them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2787	76:6	uud7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	This phrase is a polite way to say that they died. Alternate translation: “died” or “fell down dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2788	76:7	tzq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can stand in your sight when you are angry.” or “You can destroy anyone at whom you are angry.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2789	76:8	gys7				0	“you pronounced judgment” or “you announced how you were going to punish wicked people”
2790	76:8	ls8s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “the earth” is a metonym for the people living on the earth. Alternate translation: “the people of the earth were” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2791	76:9	rt43				0	“carry out judgment” or “punish wicked people”
2792	76:10	ylu2				0	“It is certain that your angry judgment”
2793	76:10	wqa6				0	Possible meanings are (1) “people will praise you because you are angry at the wicked and judge them” or (2) “people who are angry with you will do things that cause people to praise you.”
2794	76:10	f4xe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as something that he can tie around himself like a belt. Alternate translation: “you tie your remaining anger around you like a belt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2795	76:11	kw7a				0	“Yahweh, whom they should fear”
2796	76:12	vwa6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The phrase “He cuts off the spirit” is an idiom that means He breaks the spirit or He humbles. Alternate translation: “He humbles the princes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2797	76:12	qgb5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the kings of the earth fear him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2798	77:intro	ks6q				0	Psalm 077 General Notes Type of psalm The author felt abandoned by God. This is a psalm of lament. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) Special concepts in this chapter Lament God used to be close to the psalmist, but now it seems that God has completely abandoned him. Long ago, God took care of Israel and brought the people safely through the sea.
2799	77:1	r8dd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2800	77:1	t66u				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
2801	77:1	cek3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	One of David’s chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. See how you translated this in Psalms 39:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2802	77:2	hz8d				0	“I prayed with my arms extended”
2803	77:2	a5dd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The “soul” represents the person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I would not allow anyone to try to comfort me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2804	77:3	kq82		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2805	77:3	cc7s				0	“as my spirit grew faint” or “as my spirit was overwhelmed”
2806	77:4	lga2				0	After speaking about God, Asaph speaks to God in verse 4 and then returns to speaking about God.
2807	77:4	kc23				0	“I said to God, ‘You held my eyes open.’”
2808	77:4	bfk2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Open eyes is a metonym for being unable to sleep. Alternate translation: “kept me from sleeping” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2809	77:5	u2n5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	If necessary, “days of old” and “times long past” can be combined. Alternate translation: “about things that happened a very long time ago” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2810	77:6	i4r9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom for remembering. Alternate translation: “I remembered” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2811	77:6	kh2e				0	Another possible meaning is “what was happening.”
2812	77:7	ie4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two phrases express feeling rejection from the Lord. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2813	77:7	gat1				0	“do things that show that he is pleased with me”
2814	77:8	ydt2				0	Because Asaph was not sure of the answer to these questions, they are probably literal questions and should be translated literally.
2815	77:8	d9gm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	Asaph speaks of Yahweh no longer acting faithfully to his covenant as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness had gone away. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Has he stopped being faithful to his covenant forever?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2816	77:9	q3fw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These are two expressions stating similar concept of God not showing compassion. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2817	77:9	qup5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Asaph speaks of anger as if it were a person shutting a door to keep another person, compassion, from coming out, Alternate translation: “Had God stopped showing us compassion because he was angry with us” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2818	77:10	v28j				0	Possible meanings are (1) the psalmist was speaking to himself or (2) the psalmist was speaking to Yahweh.
2819	77:10	m81u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The “right hand” is a metonym for power, authority or strength. Alternate translation: “the Most High no longer uses his power to help us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2820	77:11	xb3t				0	The writer begins to speak to Yahweh.
2821	77:11	esp5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	“remember” See how this is translated in Psalms 74:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2822	77:11	ul2k				0	“the wonderful things you did long ago”
2823	77:12	br6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two phrases express the concept of meditating on what Yahweh has done. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2824	77:12	vsp7				0	think deeply about
2825	77:12	ju2f				0	“think of what they mean”
2826	77:13	hk88				0	The writer continues to speak to Yahweh.
2827	77:13	tr7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “no god compares to our great God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2828	77:14	vh9m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “strength” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “shown people from many people groups how strong you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2829	77:15	nc87				0	“gave us, your people, victory … us who are the descendants”
2830	77:15	cz77		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “victory” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “caused your people to be victorious” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2831	77:15	ani3				0	This refers to the entire nation of Israel.
2832	77:16	ms5u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Asaph speaks of the water as if it were a person who saw something that terrified him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2833	77:16	a22h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	“water” and “depth” refers to large bodies of water such as the sea or ocean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2834	77:16	yh2l				0	deepest waters
2835	77:17	cbk2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Asaph speaks of the clouds as if they were people pouring water out of containers. Alternate translation: “Much rain fell” or “It rained very hard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2836	77:17	cil6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is a metaphor that describes lightning as God’s arrows. Alternate translation: “the lightning you made flashed like arrows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2837	77:17	x29a				0	Use your language’s word for what an arrow does after someone shoots it.
2838	77:18	ks1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This is personification, referring to the thunder as the voice of God. Alternate translation: “voice, which was as loud as thunder” or “very loud voice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2839	77:18	nr2p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This is an exaggeration to emphasize that the lightning lit up everything the writer could see. Alternate translation: “lightning lit up everything as far as you could see” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2840	77:19	mc1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2841	77:19	xj78		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Asaph is speaking of Yahweh as if Yahweh was a person with feet. While this is personification, it should be translated literally, if possible. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2842	77:19	k4y3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one saw your footprints” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2843	77:20	iq66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This simile compares God’s people to a flock of animals. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2844	77:20	w73a				0	The phrase “by the hand of” here means “by the action of” or “through the action of.”
2845	77:20	m5wn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “hand” is synechdoche for the whole person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2846	78:intro	grf1				0	Psalm 078 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 78 is a wisdom psalm using Israel’s history. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapter Israel’s complaining Although God did one miracle after the other, the people of Israel still complained and failed to believe Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) Superscription This is called a “Maschil.” The word in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm.
2847	78:1	w9rf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2848	78:1	n8s4				0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.
2849	78:1	d6i3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The noun “teaching” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “Hear what I teach” or “Hear me as I teach you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2850	78:1	eqz7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The word “mouth” represents the person. Alternate translation: “my words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2851	78:2	h2db		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The idiom “open my mouth” means to speak. Alternate translation: “speak in parables” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2852	78:2	z2j2				0	“tell.” See how “pours out” is translated in Psalms 19:2.
2853	78:2	wp1x				0	If your language has a word for sayings that are purposely difficult to understand, you might use it here.
2854	78:3	l6qu				0	Verse 3 continues the sentence begun in verse 2.
2855	78:4	ypn2				0	This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “We will certainly tell our descendants about them”
2856	78:4	n25r				0	“the things we praise Yahweh for”
2857	78:5	py7k				0	“Yahweh established”
2858	78:5	vj5d				0	Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.”
2859	78:7	mlc7				0	The writer speaks of the “children” of Psalms 78:5-6.
2860	78:9	m1ru				0	This is possibly a metaphor for not keeping the covenant (verse 10), but it is best to translate literally.
2861	78:9	xu77				0	“The Ephraimite soldiers”
2862	78:9	v8af		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The soldiers probably also had arrows. Alternate translation: “had bows and arrows for weapons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2863	78:12	yx1l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	This refers to the area around the city of Zoan, which was in Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2864	78:15	era1				0	“God split”
2865	78:15	c2kx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This is probably hyperbole. Alternate translation: “more water than they could possibly drink” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2866	78:16	sa5m				0	small rivers
2867	78:18	tv84				0	They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him.
2868	78:18	ms11				0	“with their whole hearts”
2869	78:18	x27j				0	“so they could eat as much as they desired”
2870	78:19	di5n				0	the Israelites spoke
2871	78:19	gpm7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We do not believe that God can really lay out a table for us in the wilderness!” or “God, prove to us that you can really lay out a table for us in the wilderness!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2872	78:19	ui27		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The idiom “lay out a table” means to prepare a table for a meal. Here the word “table” is a metonym for the food on the table. Alternate translation: “provide us with food” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2873	78:20	xnn4				0	much water came out quickly
2874	78:20	pe8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The people are laughing at God to insult him with these questions. Alternate translation: “But we will not believe that he can give us bread also or provide meat for his people until we see him do it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2875	78:20	crp3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	food from plants or food from animals. Though this is a merism for all kinds of food, it is best to translate it literally if possible. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2876	78:21	fd1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s anger as if it were a fire, and of Yahweh acting in anger against Jacob as if that fire burned Jacob. Alternate translation: “his anger was like a fire that burned Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2877	78:21	wp71				0	This refers to the nation of Israel
2878	78:21	k1pp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh punishing Israel when he was angry as if his anger were a person who attacked Israel. Alternate translation: “because he was angry, he attacked Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2879	78:22	ze3v				0	“did not trust him to save them”
2880	78:23	er7j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Asaph speaks of the skies as if they were a person who could hear and obey God’s commands. Alternate translation: “he spoke to the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2881	78:23	bs7u				0	Possible meanings are (1) “sky” or (2) “clouds.”
2882	78:23	wx6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of the sky as if it were a storeroom with doors. Alternate translation: “opened the sky as if it were a storeroom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2883	78:24	mrr5				0	These two lines speak of the same event.
2884	78:24	u9dw				0	“He caused manna to fall from the sky like rain”
2885	78:25	l158		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This refers to the manna that God provided for the people. The word “bread” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “the same kind of food that angels eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2886	78:25	a5x1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “abundance” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “abundant food” or “a large amount of food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2887	78:26	t8wt				0	“God caused”
2888	78:27	f33h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh causing birds to fall from the sky as if the birds were rain that Yahweh caused to fall. He compares the large amount of birds to dust. Alternate translation: “He caused meat to fall from the sky like rain, and there was so much of it that it covered the ground like dust” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2889	78:27	x2ac				0	birds
2890	78:27	mw2h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	No one can count the grains of sand. There were more birds than anyone could count, but this is an exaggeration: there were probably not literally the same number of birds as grains of sand. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2891	78:29	uu98				0	strongly desired
2892	78:31	sne1				0	while the food was still in their mouths (Psalms 78:31)
2893	78:31	pz58		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	“God was angry and attacked them.” See how “his anger attacked Israel” is translated in Psalms 78:21. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2894	78:31	qn52		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	This is a euphemism that means he caused them to die. Alternate translation: “killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2895	78:32	lg44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “deeds” is a metonym for God, who did the deeds. What they did not believe can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “did not believe that he would take care of them even though he had done such wonderful deeds” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2896	78:33	wg5l				0	The writer continues telling of what God did to the Israelites.
2897	78:33	k4p9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	Here the word “days” refers to a lifetime. The idiom “to cut short … days” means to cause someone to die before they have lived a long life. Alternate translation: “killed them while they were still young” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2898	78:33	b6nk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of years as if they were containers. Alternate translation: “year after year they were afraid all the time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2899	78:34	njc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	to ask him what they needed to do so he would protect them (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2900	78:34	y7s9				0	These are different people from those whose days God “cut short.” When some of them died, others would “start to seek” God.
2901	78:34	kt48				0	“would repent” or “would be truly sorry for their sins”
2902	78:34	ut52				0	“look urgently” or “look as best they could”
2903	78:35	nd5q				0	The tells of what the Israelites did.
2904	78:35	g7l1				0	“remember.” See how this is translated in Psalms 20:3.
2905	78:35	lz71		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks about God as if he were a hill or mountain where people could go to be safe from their enemies. Alternate translation: “God was the one who protected them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2906	78:35	xc3l				0	“the one who rescued them”
2907	78:36	bh83				0	“tell him he was wonderful when they did not believe it”
2908	78:36	u1ms		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “mouth” is a metonym for the words they spoke using their mouths. Alternate translation: “by saying what they said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2909	78:37	dml1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “hearts” is a metonym for their thoughts. To be loyal to him is spoken of as being solidly attached to him. Alternate translation: “their thoughts were not focused on him” or “they were not loyal to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2910	78:38	zr2s				0	“forgave them even though they had done evil deeds”
2911	78:38	x9x1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of God’s anger as if it were an angry person whom God held onto to keep him from attacking the one who had made him angry. Alternate translation: “did not punish them even though he was angry with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2912	78:38	n79l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of God’s wrath as if it were a sleeping person whom God allowed to sleep and did not awaken. Alternate translation: “did not allow himself to become fully angry with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2913	78:39	uw3m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	“remembered.” See how “call to mind” is translated in Psalms 20:3. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2914	78:39	kj81		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “flesh,” which is weak and then dies, is a metonym for human weakness and death. Alternate translation: “the Israelites were weak and would someday die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2915	78:40	pfz7				0	“places where nothing grows”
2916	78:41	e1t4				0	They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him. See how you translated this in Psalms 78:18.
2917	78:42	hig2				0	The writer speaks of how God had rescued the Israelites.
2918	78:43	m414		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	a city in Egypt (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2919	78:44	f9kn				0	The writer describes what God did.
2920	78:45	k7ba				0	so many flies that it looked like a cloud
2921	78:45	iz2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The flies made the Egyptians almost as unhappy as they would have if they had eaten the Egyptians. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2922	78:45	bl66				0	“went everywhere in their land”
2923	78:46	ze3g				0	“allowed the grasshoppers to eat all their crops and allowed the locusts to eat everything they had worked hard to produce”
2924	78:46	wy2b				0	a plant-eating insect with long legs used for jumping
2925	78:46	w8fu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of the crops as a gift that God gave to the grasshoppers. Alternate translation: “He allowed the grasshopper to eat their crops” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2926	78:46	n1cm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“he gave their labor to the locust.” Asaph speaks of the people’s labor as if it were a gift that God gave to the grasshoppers. The word “labor” is a metonym for the crops that their labor had produced. Alternate translation: “he allowed the locusts to eat the crops they had worked so hard to produce” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2927	78:47	wa4x				0	The writer continues to describe what God did to the Egyptians.
2928	78:47	kzp7				0	a tree that gives fruit
2929	78:48	m24k				0	lightning that makes loud thunder
2930	78:48	w4nt				0	“He brought hail” or “He caused hail to fall”
2931	78:49	jlg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Asaph speaks of God’s fierceness as if it were a person who could attack another person. Alternate translation: “He was angry with them, so he suddenly and fiercely attacked them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2932	78:49	f8zm				0	“His fierce anger”
2933	78:49	qct3				0	“attacked them when they were not expecting anything to happen”
2934	78:49	eh6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Asaph speaks of wrath, fury, and trouble as though they are people God can send to do his work for him. Alternate translation: “He was so angry that he wanted to harm the Egyptians, so he made trouble for them and brought them to disaster” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2935	78:49	p12j				0	anger that makes someone want to harm others
2936	78:50	wz8d				0	The writer continues to describe what God did to the Egyptians.
2937	78:50	fr3i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of anger as if it were a person who could walk Yahweh getting ready to punish the people as if he were making a smooth road for a person to walk on. Alternate translation: “He was so angry that he did everything he could to harm them” or “It was as if his anger was an army and he made a smooth road for it to march on” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2938	78:50	p57t				0	“he did not keep the Egyptians from dying” or “he did not permit the Egyptians to live”
2939	78:50	d3e4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of the plague as if it were a person who was going to harm the Egyptians. Alternate translation: “he made them all very ill with the plague” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2940	78:51	kng7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This phrase refers to the firstborn males of each family. Alternate translation: “the firstborn males” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2941	78:51	a3cw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “tents” is a metonym for families. The word “Ham” refers to Egypt by the name of their ancestor. Alternate translation: “among the families of Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2942	78:52	s28c				0	The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
2943	78:52	bep8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer speaks about the Israelites as if they were sheep. This means God cared for and protected the people like a shepherd does his sheep. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2944	78:53	fxw6				0	completely covered
2945	78:54	w66a				0	The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
2946	78:54	bzp1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The words “right hand” are a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “he won for himself using his own power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2947	78:55	er9f				0	Possible meanings are (1) God assigned the Israelites their inheritance in the land in which the other nations had once lived or (2) God assigned to the nations he had driven out an inheritance somewhere else. “gave them land that would always be theirs”
2948	78:55	ph3l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Possible meanings are (1) he settled Israel in their own tents in the land or (2) he settled Israel in the tents from which he had driven the other nations. Most of these “tents” were actually houses, both when the other nations lived in them and when the Israelites lived in them. Alternate translation: “in their homes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2949	78:56	ft4l				0	The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
2950	78:56	be26		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to emphasize that the Israelites did not believe that God would either provide for them or punish evil as he had said he would. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2951	78:56	n34f				0	They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him. See how you translated this idea in Psalms 78:18.
2952	78:56	wzz7				0	refused to obey
2953	78:57	dcj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to emphasize that the Israelites did not do for God what they had said they would do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2954	78:58	s4jj				0	The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
2955	78:58	um4c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases are in parallel and have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2956	78:60	g4ie				0	The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
2957	78:61	l5jm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Asaph speaks of God’s strength and glory as if they were physical objects that people could capture and hold. The words “strength” and “glory” are probably mentonyms for the ark of the covenant. The word “hand” is a metonym for the enemy’s power. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He allowed his enemies to capture the glorious ark of his covenant; he simply gave it to them so they could do whatever they wanted with it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2958	78:62	af4s				0	The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
2959	78:62	j359		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of God’s people as if they were a small object God would give as a gift, and of the sword, a metonym for death in war, as if it were a person who could receive a gift. Alternate translation: “He allowed people to kill all his people in war” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2960	78:62	tj9q				0	“he was angry with the people he had said would be his forever”
2961	78:63	zrz5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) “The enemy used fire to kill all their young men” or (2) “Their young men died quickly in battle like a fire burns dry grass.” Do not communicate that these people used guns. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2962	78:63	fil5				0	To “devour” is to eat everything very quickly.
2963	78:63	l8nc				0	the celebration when people marry
2964	78:64	t7aj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “sword” represents soldiers who fought with swords. The phrase “fell by the sword” is an idiom that means to die in battle. Alternate translation: “Their priests died in battle” or “Enemies killed their priests with swords” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2965	78:64	zgw6				0	Possible meanings are (1) someone forced the widows not to weep or (2) so many priests died that there was no time for proper funerals.
2966	78:64	cve4				0	women whose husbands have died
2967	78:65	p4ds		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The Lord not acting for a period of time is spoken of as if he were asleep, and his beginning to act is spoken of as if he awakened. Alternate translation: “the Lord began to act as if he had awakened from sleep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2968	78:65	ny1d				0	Possible meanings are (1) like a warrior who had drunk too much wine and has become angry because he was awakened and so wants to fight or (2) like a warrior who drank much wine but is now able to think and fight well because he has slept.
2969	78:67	wl1g				0	The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.
2970	78:67	rr45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “tent” is a metonym for a family. In this phrase it refers to the descendants of Joseph. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2971	78:67	fzh7				0	Ephraim was Joseph’s son.
2972	78:68	as8e				0	Mount Zion was in the land where the tribe of Judah lived.
2973	78:69	dkr9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Possible meanings for this simile are (1) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as high as the heavens. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary high, like the heavens” or (2) Yahweh has made his sanctuary as permanent as the heavens. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary to last permanently, like the heavens last forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2974	78:69	bq5q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The verb may be supplied from the previous line. The writer compares the permanence of Yahweh’s sanctuary to the permanence of the earth. Alternate translation: “He built his sanctuary to last permanently, like the earth lasts permanently” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2975	78:70	w3bv				0	The writer continues to describe what God did
2976	78:70	c6qm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	“from where he was working in the sheepfolds” [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]
2977	78:70	c6y9				0	spaces with walls around them where sheep are kept safe
2978	78:71	x189		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “shepherd” is a metaphor for one who leads and protects other people. Alternate translation: “to lead and protect the descendants of Jacob, his people, and of Israel, his heritage” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2979	78:71	f6sh				0	“the ones he had chosen to be his forever” See how this is translated in Psalms 78:62.
2980	78:72	q2pe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “shepherded” is a metaphor for leading and protecting. Alternate translation: “David led them and protected them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2981	79:intro	k1lh				0	Psalm 079 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 79 is a deliverance psalm and a prayer for revenge against their enemies. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]]) Special concepts in this chapter Destruction Jerusalem has been destroyed and its people killed. God should destroy these enemy nations who do not pray to him.
2982	79:1	q2wf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2983	79:1	yd8b				0	“the land that was to be yours forever” See how this is translated in Psalms 68:9.
2984	79:3	da6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “blood” is a metonym for innocent life. To shed blood is to kill innocent people. Most people saw water every day, so for blood to be as common as water, many innocent people would have to die. Alternate translation: “They have killed so many innocent people that the blood is everywhere, like water after it rains” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2985	79:4	ab9w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The words “reproach,” “mocking,” and “derision” are metonyms for those whom others reproach, mock, and deride. Alternate translation: “We have become people whom our neighbors reproach; those around us mock and deride us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2986	79:4	kc2x				0	The pronoun “We” refers to God’s people.
2987	79:4	beg9				0	strong laughter to shame a person
2988	79:5	us3y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It seems as though your jealous anger will never stop burning like fire.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2989	79:5	fx6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “anger” can be stated as “angry.” Alternate translation: “will you be jealous and angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2990	79:5	g11j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This simile compares the expression of God’s anger to a fire that destroys things. Alternate translation: “destroy us” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2991	79:6	dj2l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two pairs of phrases each share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2992	79:6	ez9d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of God’s wrath as if it were a liquid. Alternate translation: “Since you are angry, punish the nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2993	79:6	b6qd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “name” is a metonym for the person’s power and authority. Alternate translation: “do not belong to you” or “do not ask you to help them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2994	79:7	wy1b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “Jacob” is a mentonym for his descendants, the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “they have completely destroyed the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2995	79:8	l3hg				0	“Do not continue to remember the sins of our forefathers and punish us for them” or “Forgive us for the sins of our forefathers”
2996	79:8	wp6e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the people being weak and discouraged as if they were in a low position. Alternate translation: “we are very weak” or “we are very discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2997	79:9	el14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “salvation” can be translated with the verb “save”: “God who saves us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2998	79:9	bk3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “name” is a metonym for his reputation, for what people know about him. Alternate translation: “so that people will know about your glory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2999	79:9	m8z9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	God’s name here represents his whole being and the honor that he deserves. Alternate translation: “so that people will honor you” or “for your own sake” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3000	79:10	pgc2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The nations should not be able to say, ‘Where is their God?’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3001	79:10	q444		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This taunt can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Their God cannot do anything!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3002	79:10	syh5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	To shed blood is a metonym for killing innocent people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Avenge your innocent servants whom the nations killed where we can see you do it” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3003	79:10	b56d				0	“in our sight” or “while we are present”
3004	79:11	ppy3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of the sound made by prisoners in pain and sorrow as if it were a person who appears before a king. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully to the groans of the prisoners and help them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3005	79:11	ggp2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom that refers to people who are condemned to death. Alternate translation: “those who are condemned to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3006	79:12	mm85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of the evil deeds that the neighboring countries did against Israel as “insults,” and as if they were physical items. He asks the Lord to count those deeds, and for every one that the neighboring countries committed, he asks the Lord to have someone do seven evil deeds to the neighboring countries. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3007	79:12	guy1				0	“Return” or “Give back”
3008	79:12	v85q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	onto their knees and thighs as they are sitting. This is a metaphor for “directly and personally.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3009	79:13	uf6h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “sheep” is a metaphor for helpless people whom a shepherd protects and leads. Alternate translation: “we who are your people, whom you protect and lead, will thank you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3010	79:13	qt1i				0	“make sure that all generations to come know all the good things you have done”
3011	79:13	y9ux		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This represents the things that people will praise them the Lord for. Alternate translation: “continue to praise you for the things that you have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3012	80:intro	lis5				0	Psalm 080 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 80 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s help Israel’s enemies threaten them. The psalmist asks Yahweh to look down with joy on them, then they will be saved. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Metaphor The author uses an extended metaphor of Israel as a vine planted by God which is being uprooted. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3013	80:1	ijk8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3014	80:1	lsl8				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship” See how this is translated in Psalms 4:1.
3015	80:1	gk4a				0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 45:1.
3016	80:1	q2t5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph is referring to God as the one who leads and protects Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3017	80:1	aa1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “Joseph” refers to the nation of Israel. Asaph speaks of the people as if they were a flock of sheep that Yahweh, who is the shepherd, leads. Alternate translation: “you who lead the descendants of Joseph as though they were a flock of sheep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3018	80:1	zxu9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here Joseph represents the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3019	80:1	w585		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate translation: “you who sit on your throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3020	80:1	qzy5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph speaks of God as if he were the sun, giving light, a metaphor for moral goodness. Alternate translation: “give us light” or “show us the right way to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3021	80:2	k49s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The phrase “stir up” means to “put into action.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3022	80:3	yn32		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. Alternate translation: “act favorably towards us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3023	80:3	h5vg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “and please save us” or “so that you can save us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3024	80:4	h8am				0	Israel
3025	80:5	xu1m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The words “bread of tears” and “tears to drink” are metaphors for continual sadness. Alternate translation: “You have made sure that they are very sad all the time” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3026	80:7	p7tt				0	Asaph is speaking on behalf of the people of Israel. He begins in verse 8 to speak of the way God settled Israel in their land as if God were a man who cleared ground and planted a grapevine. The image of the grapevine continues through verse 16.
3027	80:7	m1s6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. See how you translated this in Psalms 80:3. Alternate translation: “act favorably towards us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3028	80:7	s2tp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will save us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3029	80:8	wf8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph compares the nation of Israel to a vine made ready to transplant. Alternate translation: “You brought us, like a vine, out of Egypt” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3030	80:8	bze6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of his people as if they were a plant that Yahweh was transplanting. Alternate translation: “you drove out nations from their land and gave it to us, the vine, and planted us there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3031	80:9	p51x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asaph continues speaking of Israel in their land as if Israel were a grapevine in a vineyard. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3032	80:9	da43				0	“You cleared the land for the vine”
3033	80:9	z9lb				0	“the vine took root” or “the vine began to grow”
3034	80:9	g1jw				0	“its branches covered the land”
3035	80:10	fi6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Its shade covered the mountains, its branches the cedars of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3036	80:10	bmv4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	“and the cedars of God were covered by its branches,” which copies the verb from the previous sentence. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and its branches covered the cedars of God” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3037	80:10	rx8y				0	Possible meanings are (1) “the highest cedar trees,” the cedar trees that grew on the “mountains” in the land of Lebanon north of Israel, or (2) “God’s own cedar trees.”
3038	80:11	x87h				0	the Mediterranean Sea to the west of Israel
3039	80:11	rmb1				0	the parts of new plants that are just starting to grow above the ground
3040	80:12	un6e				0	Asaph continues speaking of Israel in their land as if Israel were a grapevine in a vineyard.
3041	80:12	fi84				0	walls of stone, not of wood
3042	80:13	pyu2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown		0	wild pigs that ruin gardens and farms and attack people. If your readers do not know what these are, use the word for a wild animal that ruins gardens and farms and attacks people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
3043	80:13	l9qw				0	land where there are many trees
3044	80:13	sl1n				0	wild animals of any kind
3045	80:13	q1bx				0	land where there are many plants but no trees
3046	80:14	fln7				0	Asaph finishes speaking of Israel in their land as if Israel were a grapevine in a vineyard.
3047	80:14	ifq4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The writer wants God to turn back in order to help them. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Turn back to us” or “Come and help us again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3048	80:14	z9yp				0	“look at”
3049	80:14	n1vp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer continues comparing the nation of Israel to the vine. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3050	80:15	am7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The right hand represents the Yahweh’s power and control. Alternate translation: “This is the root that you, Yahweh, planted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3051	80:15	zd8b				0	the part of a new plant that is just starting to grow above the ground. See how you translated this in Psalms 80:11.
3052	80:16	k41m				0	Possible meanings are (1) “down; your people perish because of your rebuke.” or (2) “down. May your enemies perish because of your rebuke!”
3053	80:17	rs8s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to Yahweh’s power and control. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3054	80:17	t6vz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	the nation of Israel, which Yahweh has chosen as his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3055	80:17	pxv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	When a man in Israel wanted to honor another man, he would have that other man stand at his right side, close to his right hand. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3056	80:18	hml7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “turn away” is a metaphor for rejecting someone. This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “we will not stop worshiping and obeying you” or “we will always worship and obey you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3057	80:19	sz4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. See how you translated this in Psalms 80:3. Alternate translation: “act favorably towards us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3058	80:19	q2fl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will save us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3059	81:intro	dvt7				0	Psalm 081 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 81 is a wisdom psalm. It is meant to be sung at “new moon” and “full moon” ceremonies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapter Obedience If Israel would obey and worship God, he would destroy their enemies.
3060	81:1	m6jf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3061	81:1	v66t				0	A psalm that Asaph wrote.
3062	81:1	f39e				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship;”
3063	81:1	mdg7				0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 8:1.
3064	81:1	thx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as “strong.” Alternate translation: “God who causes us to be strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3065	81:1	e6id		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “Jacob” represents all of his descendants. Alternate translation: “the God of Israel, the nation of Jacob’s descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3066	81:2	ft8a				0	These are musical instruments.
3067	81:2	cm4s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown		0	a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
3068	81:3	rlg9				0	This is the beginning of the lunar month.
3069	81:3	d9nm				0	This is the middle of the lunar month.
3070	81:3	k5wx				0	“and on the days when our feasts begin”
3071	81:4	aq4w				0	Here “it” refers to the feast day.
3072	81:4	q9gy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the God of Jacob decreed it” or “the God of Jacob commanded it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3073	81:4	pf9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “Jacob” represents all of his descendants. Alternate translation: “the God of Israel, the nation of Jacob’s descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3074	81:5	n95q				0	“gave it as a law”
3075	81:5	l2yn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “Joseph” represents all of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “to the Israelites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3076	81:5	qm81		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to the historical events in Egypt when the people of Israel were enslaved and God rescued them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3077	81:5	i688		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3078	81:6	j91r				0	Here God begins speaking.
3079	81:6	wgu2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “the burden from his shoulder” represents the forced labor the Israelites had to do as slaves in Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3080	81:6	r64s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “holding the basket” represents the forced labor the Israelites had to do as slaves in Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3081	81:7	hx7m				0	“In your great suffering”
3082	81:7	wi77		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	When God came to the Israelites, he hid the fullness of his presence and glory in a dark and threatening cloud. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3083	81:7	u6w7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	God tested the children of Israel to see if they would trust him to supply water in the desert of Meribah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3084	81:8	d1bd				0	Yahweh reminds the people what he said while they were in the desert.
3085	81:8	nrg3				0	“because I am giving you a warning”
3086	81:8	eir9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israelites” or “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3087	81:8	p48d				0	“how I wish you would listen to me” or “but you must start listening to me!”
3088	81:10	pl1b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God taking care of all the needs of the people is spoken of as if he were a mother bird feeding her baby birds. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3089	81:11	e2fa				0	Now Yahweh tells what actually happened after he warned the people.
3090	81:11	h3st				0	“to what I said” or “to me”
3091	81:12	h3uc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God allowing the people to remain stubborn is spoken of as if God were giving them over to an enemy to let the enemy harm them. Alternate translation: “Therefore, I let them be stubborn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3092	81:13	ttu3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God wanting the people to obey him is spoken of as if he wanted the people to walk on his paths or roads. Alternate translation: “I wish that they would obey my laws” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3093	81:14	ex41		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “I would destroy” or “I would defeat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3094	81:15	xkc3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “who hate me … before me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3095	81:15	yp2m				0	“bow down in fear” or “fall down in fear”
3096	81:15	pck7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I would humiliate them forever” or “I will punish them forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3097	81:16	q9k3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God causing the best wheat to grow in Israel is spoken of as if he would literally feed the wheat to the people. Alternate translation: “I would allow the Israelites to eat the finest wheat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3098	81:16	ix1f				0	Both “Israel” and “you” refer to the Israelites.
3099	81:16	vv42		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to wild honey. Bees would build hives in the holes in rocks and make the honey there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3100	82:intro	a4le				0	Psalm 082 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 82 is a psalm of judgment against the leaders of the other nations. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) Special concepts in this chapter Favoritism The leaders of the nations need to protect the poor and needy and not to favor the evil rich people. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Important figures of speech in this chapter Metonymy The leaders of the nations are represented by their gods. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
3101	82:1	why9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3102	82:1	c9rs				0	“the heavenly council” or “the meeting in heaven”
3103	82:1	xb2b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	“he gives judgment.” The abstract noun “judgment” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he judges” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3104	82:1	x4p7				0	Possible meanings are (1) these are other spiritual beings who dwell in heaven. Alternate translation: “the divine beings” or “the heavenly judges” or (2) these are human judges that God has appointed. Either way, it does not mean they are gods like Yahweh is god. It means God has given them great power and authority. Alternate translation: “the rulers”
3105	82:2	h4lp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the gods for not judging people fairly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3106	82:3	k9hy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	These words are nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “those who are poor … those who are fatherless … those who are afflicted … those who are destitute” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
3107	82:3	a8r9				0	“do what is right for the”
3108	82:4	f1ay		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	These are all nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “those who are poor … those who are needy … those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
3109	82:4	x9up		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “stop the wicked people from harming them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3110	82:5	c2bz				0	Possible meanings are (1) “they” refers to the gods or (2) “they” refers to the wicked people.
3111	82:5	ar42		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Doing what is evil is spoken of as if they were walking in a very dark place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3112	82:5	r4ui		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The gods corrupting the moral order that Yahweh established is spoken of as if the gods were shaking the earth and making it fall apart. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3113	82:5	l1x8				0	fall apart
3114	82:6	ie8b				0	Here “gods” refers to the same group as in Psalms 82:1. Whether this refers to spiritual beings or human beings, they are not gods like Yahweh is God, and they are not literally his sons. By calling them “gods” and “sons of the Most High,” Yahweh is acknowledging that he has given them great power and authority.
3115	82:6	nch3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	Yahweh is speaking about himself as “the Most High.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3116	82:7	b7ra				0	“However you”
3117	82:7	h2cu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is a way of speaking of a person dying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3118	82:8	rpl1				0	The writer is speaking again.
3119	82:8	acl5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “earth” represents the people. Alternate translation: “judge the people of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3120	82:8	lz8v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“for all the nations are your inheritance.” Yahweh taking all the people as his own and ruling over them is spoken of as if the nations were a possession that he inherited. Alternate translation: “for you rule over all the people of every nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3121	82:8	j3wm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “nations” represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3122	83:intro	kij7				0	Psalm 083 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 83 is a deliverance psalm. It is a prayer for deliverance from the many nations allied against Israel. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Destruction God should destroy these enemy nations like he destroyed Israel’s enemies during the time of the Judges.
3123	83:1	iiq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3124	83:1	c7u9				0	“do nothing to help us”
3125	83:2	rq2g				0	Here “making a commotion” means they are rioting and rebelling. Alternate translation: “Look, your enemies are rebelling against you”
3126	83:2	bzq3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The phrase “raised their heads” is way of saying they are rebelling against God. Alternate translation: “those who hate you are defying you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3127	83:3	h1c2				0	“those whom you protect.” This refers to the Israelites.
3128	83:4	fk1e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “name” represents a reputation or the memory of someone. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever remember the Israelites existed” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3129	83:5	ygx6				0	“Your enemies have agreed together with one plan”
3130	83:5	nn8v				0	“they have joined together against you”
3131	83:6	gj4d				0	The writer continues to list the people groups who want to destroy Israel.
3132	83:6	nv9e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to the people of Edom who lived in tents. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3133	83:6	mn94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	This is the name of a people group that lived on the east side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3134	83:7	sfe5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	These all represent the people of each area or tribe. Alternate translation: “the people of Gebal, the Ammonites, the Amalekites … the Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3135	83:7	t9lx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	This is the name of a region south of the Dead Sea. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3136	83:8	fx46		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This represents the people of Assyria. Alternate translation: “the people of Assyria” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3137	83:8	h5ji		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “arm” is a metonym that represents “help.” Alternate translation: “they have become a help for the descendants of Lot” or “they are helping the descendants of Lot” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3138	83:8	tdc2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to the people of the nations of Moab and Ammon. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3139	83:9	urp2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The writer is asking God to defeat Israel’s enemies as he has done in the past. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3140	83:9	htz5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “did to the Midianites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3141	83:9	ic8x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	These are names of men. Jabin was king of Hazor. Sisera was the commander of Jabin’s army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3142	83:9	ed1d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	This is the name of a river in northern Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3143	83:10	m286		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	This is the name of a town in northern Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3144	83:10	brp3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This means the bodies of Sisera and Jabin were not buried but were left to rot. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3145	83:11	pes3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The writer continues to remind God of other enemies he has defeated for Israel in the past. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3146	83:11	d9z1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	These are all names of kings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3147	83:12	iu21				0	Here “They” refers to Oreb, Zeeb, Zebah and Zalmunna.
3148	83:12	umg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks about the land of Israel as if it were land for sheep to graze and God were the shepherd watching over it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3149	83:13	uun3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer uses similes to describe God’s total destruction of Israel’s enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3150	83:13	f5ey		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Both statements speak of God destroying his enemies as if he were a strong wind easily blowing them away. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3151	83:14	j9u1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Both statements speak of God’s punishment as if it were a fire, and the enemies of God are things that burn in the fire. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3152	83:15	ax1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Both statements ask God to destroy the enemies with storms. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3153	83:16	c54c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “faces” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Make them very ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3154	83:16	q834		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “name” represents God’s power. God’s enemies acknowledging that God is powerful is spoken of as if they are seeking to find Yahweh. Alternate translation: “they might acknowledge that you are powerful” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3155	83:16	rq63				0	Possible meanings are (1) God’s enemies admit that God is powerful or (2) God’s enemies are asking God for help or (3) God’s enemies start to worship and obey him.
3156	83:17	q6j1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make them ashamed and terrified forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3157	83:17	l9px				0	“may they die while they are ashamed”
3158	83:18	y45v				0	This can also be stated as the writer making a request to God. Alternate translation: “Cause them to know”
3159	83:18	tw1g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God ruling over everything in the earth is spoken of as if he were elevated higher than everything else. Alternate translation: “are supreme, and you rule all things on the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3160	84:intro	mf13				0	Psalm 084 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 84 is a worship psalm. Special concepts in this chapter Obedience God blesses all who want to obey him. Praising God in his temple is better than anything else. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) Similarity to Psalm 42-43 There are many similarities between these psalms and some scholars suggest they were written by the same people.
3161	84:1	mkj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3162	84:1	wu9e				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship”
3163	84:1	yxs9				0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 8:1.
3164	84:1	yte3				0	“How beautiful”
3165	84:2	ueb8				0	“I really want to be in the courts of Yahweh”
3166	84:2	fp2u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “courts” represent the temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3167	84:2	dw38				0	“my desire has exhausted me” or “I am tired because I want it so much”
3168	84:2	jf7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I call out with all of my being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3169	84:2	ctf7				0	This means God is living and he also has the power to cause other things to live.
3170	84:3	c9d8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown		0	These are types of birds. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
3171	84:3	y2c8				0	“found her a home” or “made her a home”
3172	84:3	pqi7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	Here the words “has found” or “has made” are understood. Alternate translation: “the swallow has found a nest” or “the swallow has made a nest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3173	84:3	xwe2				0	“where she may lay her eggs and care for her babies”
3174	84:4	c9r1				0	Possible meanings are (1) “they” refers to the priests who permanently serve at the temple or (2) “they” refers to people in general who come and worship at the temple.
3175	84:4	rs8w				0	“keep praising you again and again”
3176	84:5	nkn2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	Here “man” refers to people in general. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
3177	84:5	pd3t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God is spoken of as if strength was actually found in him. Alternate translation: “whom you strengthen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3178	84:5	kb9x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This expression is about heart-felt desire. Alternate translation: “Who love to go up to Zion” or “Who earnestly wish go up to Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3179	84:5	lwg6				0	roads built higher than the surrounding ground
3180	84:5	spb2				0	The temple was in Jerusalem on the top of the highest hill, called Mount Zion.
3181	84:6	jep9				0	This refers to a dry, arid place. Some Bible versions have “the Valley of Baca.” The word “Baca” means “weeping.”
3182	84:6	p6ml				0	This means the rain that falls in autumn before the cold season. This is during the months of October and November on Western calendars.
3183	84:6	hln3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “blessings” is a metonym for the pools of water that make people who live in dry lands happy. Alternate translation: “pools of water that make them happy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3184	84:7	w1gb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is a way of saying they get stronger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3185	84:7	jnf4				0	Here “They” refers to those who strongly desire to go to the temple to worship God.
3186	84:9	jrd6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The king who protects his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. Alternate translation: “God, watch over our king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3187	84:10	r2ll		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	This can be stated with the understood information. Alternate translation: “I would rather be in your courts for one day than to be somewhere else for a thousand days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3188	84:10	k1rk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers		0	“1,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3189	84:10	ih7r				0	“be a guard at the door” or “stand at the door”
3190	84:10	rz91		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “wicked people” or “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
3191	84:11	d9l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh who guides and protects his people is spoken of as if he were the sun and a shield. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh God guides us like the light from the sun, and he protects us like a shield” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3192	84:11	ge8a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “grace” and “glory” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be kind to us and honor us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3193	84:11	tv3q				0	The way a person conducts their lives or behaves is spoken of as if the person were walking. Alternate translation: “who live honestly” or “who are honest”
3194	84:12	tfi5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun		0	Here “man” means people in general. Alternate translation: “blessed are those” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
3195	85:intro	vtd4				0	Psalm 085 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 85 is a worship psalm. Special concepts in this chapter Blessings God has given so many blessings. If the people stop their sinning, then the land will be filled by the glory of God and his blessings. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) Group Prayer Note how this psalm uses the plural to show that it is a group praying.
3196	85:1	d8a7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3197	85:1	h493				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
3198	85:1	iym4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “land” represents the nation and people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3199	85:1	p2e2				0	This refers to a person being happy, healthy and prosperous.
3200	85:1	hjx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “Jacob” represents Jacob’s descendents, the Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3201	85:2	bm36		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here sin that is forgiven is spoken of as if it were covered so that it can not be seen. Alternate translation: “you have deliberately forgotten their sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3202	85:2	zdx5				0	This writer thought of himself as belonging to God’s people. Alternate translation: “our sin”
3203	85:3	n2va		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God no longer punishing the Israelites is spoken of as if wrath were an object that Yahweh could take away from the Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3204	85:3	eh2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God no longer being angry with the Israelites is spoken of as if anger were a fire that God from which God turned away. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3205	85:4	r347		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “God who saves us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3206	85:4	u4ty		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asking God to stop being angry with the Israelites is spoken of as if displeasure were an object the writer wants God to let go of. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3207	85:5	b6ih		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses these questions to emphasize that he is requesting God to stop being angry with them. These rhetorical questions can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please do not stay angry at us forever.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3208	85:6	fc4x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses a question to emphasize his request to God to make the people of Israel prosper and happy again. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please make us prosper again.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3209	85:7	am5x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	If the sentence is rearranged, the ideas in the abstract noun “covenant faithfulness” can be expressed with the phrase “faithful to your covenant.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3210	85:7	u94q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	This is how the writer wants God to show his faithfulness to his people. If the sentence is rearranged, the ideas in the abstract noun “salvation” can be expressed with the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “and save us” or “by saving us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3211	85:8	f1q2				0	“have a peaceful relationship with his people” or “bring peace to his people”
3212	85:8	mt5f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person changing the way he behaves is spoken of as if he were physically turning to a different direction. Alternate translation: “Yet they must not start doing foolish things again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3213	85:9	q85w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God being ready to save someone is spoken of as if salvation were an object that God has placed near someone. Alternate translation: “Surely God is ready to save those” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3214	85:9	w9na		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “glory” represents God’s presence. Alternate translation: “then his glorious presence will remain in our land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3215	85:10	r9mp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” are spoken of as if they were persons who meet together. Possible meanings are (1) God has been faithful because of his covenant and has done what he promised to do. Alternate translation: “God has been faithful to his covenant and has proven that he is worthy of people trusting him” or (2) God has been faithful because of his covenant and the people have responded by being faithful to him. Alternate translation: “God has been faithful to his covenant and people have responded by trusting him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3216	85:10	vxd4				0	Most likely the speaker is describing a time in the future when God causes the people to prosper again. Alternate translation: “will meet together … will kiss each other”
3217	85:10	ilq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	Possible meanings are (1) the people will do what is right and God will cause the people to live in peace or (2) God will do what is right and will cause the people to live in peace. Either way righteousness and peace are abstract nouns and are spoken of as if they were persons who kiss each other. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3218	85:10	pbn4				0	This was a common way for friends to greet each other.
3219	85:11	y3gv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The people on earth being faithful to God is spoken of as if trustworthiness were a plant growing out of the ground. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as “loyal.” Alternate translation: “Here on earth, we will be loyal to God” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3220	85:11	uw31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “righteousness” is an abstract noun, and it is spoken of as a person looking down as God does. Alternate translation: “God will look on us from heaven and will act justly towards us” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3221	85:13	bxa8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	God doing what is right everywhere he goes is spoken of as if righteousness were a person who goes ahead of God and prepares a path for God to walk. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3222	85:13	b458		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “footsteps” represents where God walks. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3223	86:intro	yms3				0	Psalm 086 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 86 is a deliverance psalm. He is praying for deliverance from his many enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s help God has blessed the psalmist and is so loving to him. He has been one of God’s servants. Now he needs God to save him. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
3224	86:1	ss24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3225	86:1	j7gt				0	“weak and needy”
3226	86:2	b1gx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	David refers to himself as “your servant,” that is, God’s servant. Alternate translation: “save me, your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3227	86:3	xel4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This is an exaggeration. David cries out continually, but not literally at all times from dawn to dusk. Alternate translation: “continually” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
3228	86:4	fc6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	David refers to himself as “your servant,” that is, God’s servant. Alternate translation: “Make me, your servant” or “Make me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3229	86:7	mlm4				0	“During my times of difficulty”
3230	86:7	xp82				0	“I pray to you”
3231	86:8	ey46		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The writer is not acknowledging these other gods exist. He is referring to false gods that people from other nations worship. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3232	86:9	nvl8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “the nations” represent the people. Alternate translation: “The people from all nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3233	86:9	hb9u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “name” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “They will honor you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3234	86:10	ide9				0	“very good things that amaze me”
3235	86:10	qsw4				0	“you are the only God”
3236	86:11	sa8a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person who obeys what God wants is spoken of as if he were walking on God’s way or road. Alternate translation: “Teach me your truth, Yahweh. Then I will obey what you say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3237	86:11	up7s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “heart” represents a person’s thoughts, emotions, and motives. Asking God to cause a person to respect him completely is spoken of as if the person’s heart were in many pieces and that God unites them together. Alternate translation: “Cause me to respect you sincerely with all my heart” or “Cause me to respect you sincerely” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3238	86:12	ln3t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “heart” represents a person’s thoughts, emotions, and motives. Alternate translation: “I will praise you completely and sincerely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3239	86:12	r58p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “name” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will glorify you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3240	86:13	pa7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “For you are very faithful to me because of your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3241	86:13	m9g3				0	This does not mean God brought him back to life after he died. It means God saved him when he was about to die.
3242	86:14	dx52		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “arrogant people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
3243	86:14	ih3b				0	“are coming together to harm me”
3244	86:14	tb73		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is a way of saying they want to kill him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3245	86:15	l91z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God constantly being faithful and trustworthy is spoken of as if faithfulness and trustworthiness were objects of which God has a large quantity. The two abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “always faithful to your covenant and very worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3246	86:16	rlz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asking God to consider him is spoken of as if he wanted God to turn and look at him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3247	86:16	ha4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “strengthen your servant” or “make your servant strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3248	86:16	r4fq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	The writer is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3249	86:17	ja63		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will be ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3250	87:intro	l8z3				0	Psalm 087 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 87 is a psalm about Jerusalem. Special concepts in this chapter Pride People will be proud to have been born in Jerusalem. Psalms about Jerusalem Psalm 46, 48, and 76 are part of a group of psalms that celebrate Jerusalem.
3251	87:1	pr6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3252	87:2	mz5w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “gates of Zion” represents the entire city of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “city of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3253	87:2	tah3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The people lived in tents while they wandered in the desert. Here the writer uses “tents of Jacob” to represent where the Israelites live now. Alternate translation: “any of the other dwelling places of the Israelites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3254	87:3	hrr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe		0	The writer speaks to the city of Jerusalem as if it were listening to him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You people in Jerusalem, other people say wonderful things about your city” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3255	87:4	mkk9				0	“I tell about.” Here “I” refers to Yahweh.
3256	87:4	x63j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “Rahab” is a poetic way of referring to Egypt. Both “Rahab” and “Babylon” represent the people. Alternate translation: “the people of Egypt and Babylon” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3257	87:4	x7tc				0	“to those who worship me”
3258	87:4	qzf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“This one” refers to the people from the nations that the writer mentions. Although they were not physically born in Zion, those who follow God are natives of Jerusalem spiritually. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3259	87:5	uer3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will say about Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3260	87:5	bqs5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	People from other nations that worship Yahweh are spoken of as if they were born in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “It is as though all of these people were born in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3261	87:5	qxn4				0	It was common to refer to cities as “her.” Alternate translation: “in Jerusalem” or “in Zion”
3262	87:5	zdf6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns		0	The writer uses the reflexive pronoun “himself” to emphasize that it is the Most High who is doing this. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
3263	87:5	mx5t				0	“will make Jerusalem strong”
3264	87:6	p3jr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh acknowledging that the people from other nations belong to him is spoken of as if he were a king writing down the names of the people who live in his city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3265	87:6	wgv4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“This one” refers to the people from the nations that the writer mentions. Although they were not physically born in Zion, those who follow God are natives of Jerusalem spiritually. See how you translated this in Psalms 87:4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3266	87:7	q7a8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Jerusalem being a place where people receive all their blessings is spoken of as if Jerusalem were a spring that provided water to the people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3267	88:intro	w2mk				0	Psalm 088 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 88 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Abandon Ever since he was a child, the psalmist has been sick, and now all his friends have abandoned him. If he dies he cannot testify about God’s healing.
3268	88:1	vi6i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3269	88:1	d8eg				0	“This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote”
3270	88:1	qm8l				0	“this is for the director of music to use in worship”
3271	88:1	f9te		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate		0	This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
3272	88:1	i9mw				0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.
3273	88:1	l37h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3274	88:1	w1cg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “you are the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3275	88:1	hj2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	The writer uses these words with opposite meanings to say that he cries out continually. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
3276	88:3	j9c1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of himself as if he were a container and troubles are the contents that fill the container. Alternate translation: “For I am very troubled” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3277	88:3	tee7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “life” represents the writer. And “Sheol” represents death. The writer speaks about himself possibly dying soon as if Sheol were a place and he has arrived at that place. Alternate translation: “I am about to die” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3278	88:4	xl1m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “pit” means the same as “Sheol.” The phrase “go down into the pit” represents dying. Alternate translation: “people treat me like I have already died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3279	88:5	yvx8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	People treating the writer as if he were already dead is spoken of as if he were a corpse that they left unburied. Alternate translation: I am left alone as if I were dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3280	88:5	yw6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer feeling like people and God have abandoned him speaks about himself as if he were already a dead person lying in a grave. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3281	88:5	hf3g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The nominal adjective “the dead” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “a dead person who lies” or “dead people who lie” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
3282	88:5	khp3				0	“who no longer receive your care” or “people you have stopped caring about”
3283	88:5	wf13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God no longer using his power to help dead people is spoken of as if God literally cut him off or removed him from his power. Alternate translation: “you no longer use your power to help them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3284	88:6	z7j5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer feeling like God has abandoned him speaks about himself as if God has put the him in the deepest and darkest grave. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3285	88:7	b6u3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks about God being very angry with the writer as if God’s wrath were a heavy object lying on top of the writer. Alternate translation: “I feel your great anger” or “I feel how very angry you are with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3286	88:7	te8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks about God being very angry with the writer as if God’s anger were large waves rising up from the sea then landing on the writer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3287	88:8	vss9				0	“those who know me”
3288	88:8	vb5j				0	“You have made me a disgusting sight to them” or “Because of you, they are shocked when they see me”
3289	88:8	ezj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer’s physical condition that makes him repulsive to his friends is spoken of as if he were in closed into a confining space. Alternate translation: “It is as though I were in a prison” or “I am trapped” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3290	88:9	k5hb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “eyes” represents a person’s ability to see. For his eyes to grow weary from trouble is a way of saying that he his troubles cause him to cry so much that it is hard for him to see. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3291	88:9	af1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	“I lift up my hands to you.” This is an action that shows that he totally depends on God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3292	88:10	q775		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses a question to emphasize that if God lets him die then God will no longer be able to do wonderful things for him. Alternate translation: “You do not do wonders for dead people.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3293	88:10	nv8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses a question to emphasize that if God lets him die then he will not be able to praise God any longer. Alternate translation: “You know that those who have died will not stand up and praise you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3294	88:11	a7rt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both questions mean the same thing. The writer uses questions to emphasize that a dead person is not able to praise God’s faithfulness. The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “loyalty” can be translated as adjectives. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Nobody will proclaim your covenant faithfulness or loyalty from the grave.” or “Nobody will proclaim from the grave that you are faithful to your covenant and loyal to your people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3295	88:11	pt2z				0	These represent the place where people go after they die.
3296	88:11	vbv3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	This can be translated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Will your loyalty be proclaimed in the place of the dead?” or “Those who are dead will not proclaim your loyalty.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3297	88:12	ec9z				0	These represent the place where people go after they die.
3298	88:12	lf46		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both questions mean the same thing. The writer uses questions to emphasize that those who are dead are not able to experience or proclaim the great things God does. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will not talk about your wonderful deeds and righteousness in the dark place of the forgotten dead.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3299	88:12	u1h9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	This can be translated as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Will your righteousness be known in the place of forgetfulness?” or “Those who are in the place of forgetfulness will not know about the righteous things you do.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3300	88:13	tle5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer praying to Yahweh is spoken of as if the prayer itself goes to speak with Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3301	88:14	wg44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of the writer feeling like God has rejected or abandoned him as if God were hiding his face or physically turning away from the writer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3302	88:16	q3hi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks of God punishing the writer as if God’s actions are a large wave rising out of the sea that fall on and crush the writer. Alternate translation: “It is as if your angry actions crush me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3303	88:16	e9zd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This exaggeration speaks about God punishing the writer as if God has completely destroyed the writer. Alternate translation: “the terrifying things you do have destroyed me” or “the terrifying things you do have almost destroyed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
3304	88:17	z4t8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer compares God’s “angry actions” and “terrifying deeds” to a flood of water. Alternate translation: “All day long they threaten to destroy me like a flood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3305	88:17	e9s9				0	The word “They” refers to God’s “angry actions” and “terrifying deeds” from the previous verse.
3306	88:17	qva9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God’s “angry actions” and “terrifying deeds” as if they were enemies who were trying to capture and kill him. Alternate translation: “they have surrounded me like enemy soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3307	88:18	x6gd				0	“every person I love and know”
3308	88:18	pnc1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This speaks about darkness as if it were a person that could be friends with someone else. The writer is emphasizing that he feels completely alone. Alternate translation: “Everywhere I go it is dark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3309	89:intro	aw17				0	Psalm 089 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 89 is a worship and a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s promises God is mighty and has promised David an eternal kingdom. But now that kingdom is being destroyed. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) Parallelism This psalm exhibits the kind of parallelism where the second line often emphasizes the first line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3310	89:1	knd1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3311	89:1	mu2k				0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.
3312	89:1	dqe7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	This is the name of the writer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3313	89:1	sv5i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “faithful acts” or “loving acts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3314	89:2	pbm7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God always doing what he promised to do is spoken of as if his faithfulness were a building that God has built and made firm. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will always be faithful because of your covenant with us” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3315	89:2	hn1i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God always doing what he promised to do is spoken of as if his faithfulness were a building that God has built and made firm. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3316	89:2	l9ik				0	Possible meanings are (1) this refers to God’s dwelling place. This would mean God rules from heaven and he always does what he promises or (2) this refers to the sky. This would mean that God’s promises are as constant and permanent as the sky .
3317	89:3	d13j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	You can make explicit that “chosen one” refers to David. Alternate translation: “I made a promise to David, the one I chose” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3318	89:3	y54c				0	Yahweh is speaking in 89:3-4.
3319	89:4	yr1g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh always causing one of David’s descendants to be king is spoken of as if David’s descendants are a building that Yahweh will build and make firm. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3320	89:4	p2z4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “throne” represents the power to rule as king. The psalmist speaks of God promising that one of David’s descendants will always rule as king as if God will build David’s throne and make it firm. Alternate translation: “I will make sure that one of your descendants will rule as king over every generation of my people” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3321	89:5	m81y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “heavens” represents those who are in heaven. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3322	89:5	e553				0	“praise you, Yahweh, because of the wonderful things you do”
3323	89:5	gs3g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	The abstract noun “truthfulness” can be stated as “you always do what you promise to do.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The assembly of the holy ones praises you because you always do what you promise to do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3324	89:5	g9qz				0	This refers to the angels in heaven.
3325	89:6	c358		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both questions mean the same thing. The writer is using question to emphasize that there in no one in heaven like Yahweh. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3326	89:6	vj1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “sons of” means having the characteristics of. This is a way of referring to other spiritual beings that live in heaven. Alternate translation: “angels” or “divine beings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3327	89:7	rgy8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The council of the holy ones greatly honors God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3328	89:7	vtz8				0	“the gathering of heavenly beings” or “the gathering of angels”
3329	89:8	cs88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer asks the question to emphasize there is no one as strong as Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3330	89:8	niz2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh always dong what he promises to do is spoken of as if his truthfulness were a cloak or garment that wraps around him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3331	89:9	t34l				0	“You control the raging sea”
3332	89:10	q99x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The word “Rahab” here refers to a monster of the sea. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3333	89:10	uhp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “arm” represents power. Alternate translation: “with your great power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3334	89:12	di8b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	The writer uses the words “north” and “south” together to mean that God created everything everywhere. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
3335	89:12	y2hj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Tabor is a mountain southwest of the sea of Galilee and Hermon is a mountain northeast of the sea of Galilee. The writer describes these mountains as if they were persons who could rejoice. Alternate translation: “It is as if Mount Tabor and Mount Hermon were rejoicing in your name” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3336	89:12	b76n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “name” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “in you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3337	89:13	j9ue		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The words “mighty arm,” “strong hand,” and “right hand” all represent God’s power. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3338	89:13	ldw5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	To raise the right hand high into the air is a gesture that indicates power. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3339	89:14	hyu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God ruling as king and doing what is right and just is spoken of as if God’s throne were a building, and righteousness and justice were its foundation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3340	89:14	w4d5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The throne represents God’s rule as king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3341	89:14	x3in		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God always being faithful and doing what he promises to do is spoken of as if covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness come and meet with God. The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “You are always faithful to your covenant and are worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3342	89:15	a8ms		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here the word “worship” implies shouting and blowing horns. These were common acts of worship during Israelite festivals. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3343	89:15	p2gi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here people living their lives is spoken of as if they were walking. Alternate translation: “they live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3344	89:15	v1rr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards them as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on them. Alternate translation: “knowing that you act favorably towards them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3345	89:16	j2hd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “name” represents the person. Alternate translation: “in you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3346	89:16	uz6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “righteousness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “they exalt you because you always do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3347	89:17	f1h8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “You make them wonderfully strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3348	89:17	w9hu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here “their” refers to the Israelites. The writer would have included himself as a member of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “You are our” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3349	89:17	t45a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive		0	Here “we” refers to the writer and the Israelites but not to Yahweh, to whom he speaks. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
3350	89:18	nu6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The king who protects his people and whom Yahweh chose is spoken of as if he were a shield that belongs to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3351	89:19	e2wr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The writer assumes that the reader knows the history of how David became the chosen king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3352	89:19	erw7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	To place a crown on a person’s head is a sign of making him king. Alternate translation: “I have made a mighty man king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3353	89:19	fxq4				0	Some Bible translations have “given strength to a mighty one” or “helped a mighty one.”
3354	89:19	ss27		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here “raised up” means appointed. It is implied that God chose this person to be king. Alternate translation: “I have chosen one from among the people to be king” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3355	89:20	nkd2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	Here to pour oil on someone’s head is a sign that God is appointing the person to be king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3356	89:21	u6uc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hand” and “arm” both means the power and control of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will support him and make him strong” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3357	89:22	h3tn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The writer refers to those who have the nature or character of wickedness as “sons of wickedness.” Alternate translation: “wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3358	89:24	x8f4				0	Yahweh continues speaking about David.
3359	89:24	v3cj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God always being loyal and doing what he promises for David is spoken of as if truth and faithfulness were objects that would be with David. The abstract nouns “truth” and “faithfulness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “I will always be truthful with him and I will always act faithfully towards him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3360	89:24	q652		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “name” represents God’ power. Alternate translation: “I, God, will cause him to be victorious” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3361	89:25	k7aa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hand” and “right hand” represent power and authority. Here “the sea” seems to refer to the Mediterranean Sea west of Israel, and “rivers” refers to the Euphrates river in the east. This means David will have authority over everything from the sea to the river. Alternate translation: “I will give him authority over everything from the Mediterranean sea to the Euphrates river” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
3362	89:26	hc3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes		0	This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “He will say that I am his Father, his God, and the rock of his salvation.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3363	89:26	ue8t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh protecting and saving David is spoken of as if Yahweh were a high rock that David could stand on top of for protection from enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3364	89:27	m5u8				0	Yahweh continues speaking about David.
3365	89:27	i4nj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh giving David special rank and privileges over all other people is spoken of as if David would be Yahweh’s firstborn son. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3366	89:28	zs6u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh speaks of continuing to act faithfully towards David is spoken of as if Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness were an object that he extends or makes longer. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: “I will continue to act faithfully towards him forever” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3367	89:29	nlx7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Someone from David’s family always ruling as king is spoken of as if his throne would last as long as the sky will last. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3368	89:29	k6mi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “throne” represents the power to rule as king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3369	89:30	zb7x				0	“David’s descendants”
3370	89:32	s8vu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God punishing David’s descendants is spoken of as if he would hit them with a rod. The abstract noun “rebellion” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “punish them for rebelling against me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3371	89:32	fq8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God punishing David’s descendants is spoken of as if God would literally hit them. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “I will punish them because they sinned against me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3372	89:33	k75f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will always love David, and I will do what I promised to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
3373	89:34	m6m3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “lips” represent the whole mouth and the person speaking. Alternate translation: “what I said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3374	89:36	by6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “will continue” are understood. Alternate translation: “his throne will continue as long as the sun before me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3375	89:36	tm79		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “throne” represents the power to rule as king. God is promising that one of David’s descendants will always be king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3376	89:36	w6yh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	God compares David’s rule as king to the sun to emphasize that someone from David’s descendants will always rule as king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3377	89:37	mwr5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	Here “It” stands for David’s throne or power to rule as king. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will cause it to last forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3378	89:37	je44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	God compares David’s rule as king to the moon to emphasize that someone from David’s descendants will always rule as king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3379	89:37	gb6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The moon is spoken of as if it were a person who witnesses God making this promise to David. Alternate translation: “the moon, which is like a faithful witness in the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3380	89:38	exj7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “the king” are understood. Alternate translation: “you have refused and rejected the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3381	89:38	qnj2				0	“with the king you chose”
3382	89:39	c1wc				0	“You have rejected the covenant”
3383	89:39	prp1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	To push down into the ground or dust is a sign of great humiliation. Alternate translation: “You have defiled his crown on the ground” or “You have caused his crown to fall into the dirt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3384	89:39	tbi4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This represents the king’s power as king and his right to rule. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3385	89:40	lz6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This implies that God allowed enemies to destroy the defenses at Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You have allowed enemies to break down his walls and ruin his strongholds in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3386	89:41	ed5r				0	Here “neighbors” means people of nearby nations.
3387	89:42	i7mp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “right hand” represents power. To “raise the right hand” means that Yahweh has made his enemies strong enough to defeat God’s chosen king. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3388	89:43	g8dt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “sword” represents the king’s power in battle. To turn the sword back represents making the king unable to win in battle. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3389	89:43	c3fd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “edge” represents the whole sword. Alternate translation: “his sword” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3390	89:43	w77q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “stand” represents being victorious in battle. Alternate translation: “You have not helped him to be victorious in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3391	89:44	g7kf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “throne” represents the power to rule as king. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, have ended his reign as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3392	89:45	hg97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is a way of saying God made the king seem old even while he was still young. Alternate translation: “Even while he is young you have made him weak like an old man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3393	89:45	b231		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh completely humiliating the king is spoken of as if shame were a garment that God used to cover the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3394	89:46	r3l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses these questions to emphasize that he does not want God to continue to refuse the king. Alternate translation: “Please, Yahweh, do not refuse to help the king forever.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3395	89:46	mu5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God not helping the king is spoken of as if God were hiding from him. Alternate translation: “Will you refuse to help the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3396	89:46	q873		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses a question to emphasize that he does not want God to remain angry. Alternate translation: “Please do not continue being angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3397	89:46	y4fv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	God being very angry is spoken of as if his anger were a hot fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3398	89:47	ajl2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “uselessness” can be stated as “uselessly.” Alternate translation: “that you have created all people to die uselessly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3399	89:47	fe7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations		0	This refers to humans in general. Alternate translation: “humans” or “people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
3400	89:48	er51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses these questions to emphasize that all people will die. Alternate translation: “No one can live forever or bring himself back to life after dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3401	89:48	gg9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hand” refers to power. The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. Possible meanings are (1) a person cannot bring himself back to life after dying or (2) a person cannot keep himself from dying. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3402	89:49	hvz7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses a question to request the Lord to be faithful to his covenant with David. Alternate translation: “Lord, be faithful to your covenant with David as you have been in the past” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3403	89:49	b6dc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “acts” and “faithfulness” can be translated with a verb and an adverb. Alternate translation: “the things that you did before that showed that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3404	89:50	v1jl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The writer asks Yahweh to bring this up in his memory. Alternate translation: “Remember” or “Consider” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3405	89:50	r6c3				0	Here “your servants” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “how they mock us, your servants”
3406	89:50	iq2x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “heart” represents the person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “I endure so many insults from the people of the nations” or “I suffer because the people from the nations insult me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3407	89:50	rn7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “nations” represents the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3408	89:51	fjd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The enemies shouting insults at the king is spoken of as if insults were an object that the enemies throw violently at the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3409	89:51	vq6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “footsteps” represents where the king goes. Alternate translation: “they mock your anointed one wherever he goes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3410	89:52	hvn5				0	This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 3 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 73 and ends with Psalm 89.
3411	89:52	fig1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May people praise Yahweh forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3412	89:52	h8fn				0	The word “Amen” is repeated to emphasize approval of what has been said. See how you translated this in Psalms 41:13.
3413	90:intro	gmu6				0	Psalm 090 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm is a wisdom psalm. God is eternal but a human’s life is short. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) Special concepts in this chapter Life’s shortness Because life is so short, people need to spend it as God wants them to spend it.
3414	90:1	jue7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3415	90:1	n3vq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God protecting his people is spoken of as if God were a refuge or shelter. Alternate translation: “Lord, you have been like a shelter for us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3416	90:1	ykl6				0	“always”
3417	90:2	i1f4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Before you formed the mountains” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3418	90:2	b7ju				0	“were created” or “were shaped”
3419	90:2	mz45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This represents everything that is in the world. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3420	90:2	x21e				0	This phrase represents all time past, present, and future.
3421	90:3	spk9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This implies that just as God created the first man, Adam, from the soil, God will cause people’s bodies to turn back into soil after they die. Alternate translation: “You return people to dust when they die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3422	90:3	yjk2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations		0	Here “man” means people in general. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
3423	90:3	j396		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “to dust” or “to soil” are understood. Alternate translation: “Return to dust, you descendants” or “Return to soil, you descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3424	90:3	ijh1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is a way of referring to humans in general. Alternate translation: “you humans” or “you people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3425	90:4	zt2t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer means that a long period of time seems like a short period of time to God. Alternate translation: “You consider a thousand years the same as one day in the past, or as a few short hours in the night” or “Even a thousand years is not a long time to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3426	90:4	b3xf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers		0	“1,000 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3427	90:4	qd6k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3428	90:5	prp6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God causing people to die suddenly is spoken of as if he swept them away with a broom. This sweeping is also spoken of as if it were a flood that carried people away. Alternate translation: “Lord, you destroy the people as with a flood and they die” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3429	90:5	wws1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	This is a polite way of speaking of people dying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3430	90:6	k25r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	Both of these phrases refer to how the grass grows. Alternate translation: “it begins to grow and develop” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3431	90:6	udh3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	Both of these phrases refer to how the grass dies. Alternate translation: “it fades and dries up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3432	90:7	vhb5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God destroying people in his anger is spoken of as if God’s anger were a fire that completely burns up the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You destroy us in your anger” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3433	90:7	qp5h				0	“when you are angry we are greatly afraid”
3434	90:8	fbk1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God considering people’s sins is spoken of as if sins were an objects he could place in front of himself and look at them. Alternate translation: “You see every sinful thing we do, even the sinful things we do in secret” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3435	90:9	tw9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases		0	The word “because” can be used to make clear that God’s wrath causes human life to end. Alternate translation: “Our lives come to an end because of your wrath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
3436	90:9	z6eu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer compares human life to a sigh to emphasize that life is very brief. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3437	90:10	bb7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers		0	“70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3438	90:10	f12z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers		0	“80” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3439	90:10	ydb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Even in our best years we experience trouble and sorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3440	90:10	cun8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	This is a polite way of referring to people dying. Alternate translation: “we die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3441	90:11	xl7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses a question to emphasize that no one has fully experienced God anger. Therefore no one truly reveres God and fears his anger when people sin. Alternate translation: “No one knows the intensity of your anger. Therefore no one fears your wrath when they sin.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3442	90:13	lcn8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Asking Yahweh to no longer be angry is spoken of as if the writer wants God to turn physically away from his anger. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, please do not be angry any longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3443	90:13	e9p1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses a question to state that he wants God to stop being angry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3444	90:13	zs74				0	Here “your servants” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Be merciful to us, your servants”
3445	90:14	p6kf				0	“Satisfy us every morning”
3446	90:14	k6eg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “by being faithful because of your covenant with us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3447	90:15	z79l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both of these phrases mean the same thing. The writer is asking Yahweh to make them happy for the same amount of time he punished them. Alternate translation: “for the same amount of time that you afflicted us and caused us to suffer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3448	90:16	tb62		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here “your servants” refer to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Let us, your servants” or “Let us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3449	90:16	g2qt				0	Here “children” means children and descendants.
3450	90:16	sjz5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “majesty” can be stated as “great things.” Alternate translation: “see the great things you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3451	90:17	at2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “favor” can be stated as “be kind.” Alternate translation: “May the Lord our God be kind to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3452	90:17	ye67		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “hands” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “cause us to be successful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3453	91:intro	ye5h				0	Psalm 091 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 91 is a wisdom psalm. Those who depend on God are protected by him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapter Fear No matter what dangers befall a person, they do not need to fear. God is protecting them from all harm.
3454	91:1	xv6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3455	91:1	g3bv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Because “live” and “stay” mean almost the same thing, as do “shelter” and “shadow,” which are both metaphors for protection, you may need to combine the two lines into one. Alternate translation: “The Most High, the Almighty, will care for all those who live where he can protect them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3456	91:1	lc6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “shelter” is a metaphor for protection. Alternate translation: “who lives where the Most High protects him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3457	91:1	jl84				0	The words “the Most High” refer to Yahweh. See how this is translated in Psalms 18:13.
3458	91:1	qi6d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “shadow” here is a metaphor for protection. Alternate translation: “will stay where the Almighty can protect him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3459	91:1	jmc8				0	the one who has power and control over everything. See how this was translated in Psalms 68:14
3460	91:2	kwv7				0	“I will say about Yahweh”
3461	91:2	d5cu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A “refuge” is any place a person can go and have someone or something protect him. A “fortress” is something that people make so they can protect themselves and their property. Asaph uses them here as metaphors for protection. Alternate translation: “the one to whom I can go and he will protect me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3462	91:3	ss8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words that have been left out can be put in. Alternate translation: “For God will rescue you from the snare of the hunter and he will rescue you from the plagues that can kill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3463	91:3	laj3				0	“from the snare that the hunter has set to catch you”
3464	91:4	k4cn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s protection is here referred to as “wings” which a bird uses to cover its’ young from danger. “Cover you with his wings” and “under his wings” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “He will keep you safe and protect you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3465	91:4	j3p2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s trustworthiness is here referred to as a “shield” which can protect people who rely on him. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as “trust.” Alternate translation: “You can trust him to protect you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3466	91:4	f8d9				0	No one knows for sure what this word means. Possible meanings are (1) a small shield strapped to the forearm that soldiers used to defend themselves against arrows and swords or (2) a wall of stones set in a circle inside which soldiers could hide and shoot arrows.
3467	91:5	yp8k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The psalmist speaks of “terror” as if it were a spirit or fierce animal that could attack at night and so terrify people. Alternate translation: “things attacking you at night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3468	91:5	g6en		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
3469	91:5	b8kc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Arrow” here is a metonym for the people who shoot the arrows. Alternate translation: “people attacking you with arrows during the day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3470	91:6	c6xg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The psalmist speaks of illness as if it were a person who went about at night killing other people. Alternate translation: “You will not be afraid of dying from illness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3471	91:6	gba8				0	goes wherever he wants to go at any time
3472	91:6	y6eu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
3473	91:6	t9ab				0	an illness that makes many people ill at the same time
3474	91:7	c8n1				0	“Many people may fall all around you.” If translating the exact numbers confuses the readers, you may omit them.
3475	91:7	z1e3				0	“the evil will not harm you”
3476	91:8	ad8c				0	“You yourself will not suffer, but you will watch carefully, and you will see”
3477	91:8	dv9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “punishment” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “how God punishes the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3478	91:9	yz6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh protecting him as if Yahweh were a safe place for him to find protection from his enemies. Alternate translation: “Yahweh protects me, like a person finds protection in a place of refuge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3479	91:9	k71v				0	“You should make the Most High your refuge also.” The psalmist stops speaking to God and speaks to the reader.
3480	91:10	ey4g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of a person experiencing bad or evil things as if evil were a person who overtakes another person. Alternate translation: “Nothing evil will happen to you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3481	91:10	emx9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The psalmist speaks of people who afflict others as though they were the harm they cause. Alternate translation: “no one will be able to harm your family” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3482	91:11	pe5b				0	“Yahweh will command”
3483	91:11	gjx8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of the way a person lives his life as if it were a path down which the person walked. Alternate translation: “in everything you do” or “at all times” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3484	91:12	v8h1				0	“Yahweh’s angels will lift you”
3485	91:12	dkd1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	The angels will protect not only the reader’s foot but the rest of his body as well. The words “not … hit your foot on a stone” is an exaggerated metonym to say that not even small bad things will happen. This should probably not be taken as a promise that no bad things will ever happen again. Alternate translation: “you will not even hit your foot on a stone” or “not even the smallest bad thing will happen to you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3486	91:13	bq3y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Where “hit your foot on a stone” is a minor problem, lions and snake are examples of great dangers. The psalmist speaks of lions and snakes as if they were small enough to be crushed under a person’s foot. Alternate translation: “You will be able kill lions and adders as if they were small animals you could crush under your feet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3487	91:13	sw74				0	types of poisonous snake.
3488	91:13	qme2				0	crush by walking heavily on
3489	91:14	hzl3				0	“Because he loves me”
3490	91:15	cwn1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will be with him when he is in trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3491	91:15	am3h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “victory” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “I will cause him to be victorious” or “I will enable him to defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3492	91:16	jc9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The idiom “the length of his days” here refers to the duration of his life. It may imply a long life. Alternate translation: “I will satisfy him by giving him a long life” or “I will make him happy by letting him live a very long time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3493	91:16	xnz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“and I will show him my salvation.” The psalmist speaks of the work God does to save people as if it were a physical object. Alternate translation: “I will save him so that he knows I am the one who saved him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3494	92:intro	cs72				0	Psalm 092 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 92 is a psalm of praise for God’s kindness and faithfulness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) Special concepts in this chapter Justice God causes evil people to be destroyed and good people to be happy and useful, even after they grow old. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
3495	92:1	bx9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3496	92:1	fur9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The words “your name” are a metonym for “you.” Alternate translation: “to sing praises to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3497	92:2	b75i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with the adjective “faithful.” Alternate translation: “proclaim in the morning that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3498	92:2	s7d2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The abstract noun “truthfulness” can be translated with the adjective “true.” Alternate translation: “proclaim every night that everything you say is true” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3499	92:4	mn13				0	happy
3500	92:4	m1f8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun phrase “your deeds” can be translated with the relative clause “what you have done.” Alternate translation: “by what you have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3501	92:4	if93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun phrase “the deeds of your hands” can be translated with the relative clause “what your hands have done.” The word “hands” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “What you have done” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3502	92:4	ke7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun phrase “your deeds” can be translated with a relative clause. Alternate translation: “what you have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3503	92:5	j4cz				0	“We cannot understand what you plan to do until you do it”
3504	92:5	syp5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun phrase “your thoughts” can be translated with a relative clause. Alternate translation: “What you think” or “What you plan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3505	92:6	j8wu				0	animal-like
3506	92:7	a97q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This compares evil people to grass, which grows quickly and in many places. Alternate translation: “When evil people appear quickly and seem to be everywhere, like grass” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3507	92:7	w41d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has decided that he will destroy them completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3508	92:9	cb78				0	Many texts do not have these words.
3509	92:9	u85w				0	“They will die” or “You will kill them”
3510	92:9	dk5v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will scatter all those who do evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3511	92:9	l7k2				0	Many texts read, “have been scattered.”
3512	92:9	g3wa				0	“driven away”
3513	92:10	e26g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The psalmist speaks of God as if he had made him as strong as a wild animal. Here his “horn” represents his strength. Alternate translation: “You have made me as strong as a wild ox” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3514	92:10	gid3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are that the oil that God has put on the psalmist is a metaphor for God (1) making him happy “you have made me very happy” or (2) making him strong, “you have made me strong” or (3) enabling him to defeat his enemies, “you have enabled me to defeat my enemies.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3515	92:11	kpw5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The words “eyes” and “ears” are synecdoches for the person who sees and hears. The lines may be combined. Alternate translation: “I have seen and heard of the defeat of my evil enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3516	92:12	q7cc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy palm tree because they will (1) be strong or (2) live for long time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3517	92:12	dyq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy cedar tree growing in the land of Lebanon because (1) they will be strong or (2) people will honor them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3518	92:13	lk33		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has planted them” or “Yahweh takes care of them as if they were trees he had planted” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3519	92:13	sh46		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of people who truly worship God as if they were trees growing in Yahweh’s house. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3520	92:13	g7gv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were healthy trees. Alternate translation: “they are growing well” or “they are very strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3521	92:13	rg5j				0	in the courtyard of the temple in Jerusalem.
3522	92:14	pf43		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were trees that produce food. Alternate translation: “They please God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3523	92:14	m2x1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of righteous people as if they were trees. Alternate translation: “they remain strong and healthy” or “they always do what pleases God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3524	92:15	sev8				0	These words continue the thought begun by the words “they stay fresh and green” in (Psalms 92:14). Possible meanings are (1) “they stay fresh and green, so that they can proclaim” or (2) “they stay fresh and green. This shows that.”
3525	92:15	fh1p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“Yahweh is the one who protects me.” The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock that would protect him. See how this is translated in Psalms 18:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3526	93:intro	r2fh				0	Psalm 093 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 93 is a worship psalm about the power of Yahweh. Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s power Yahweh is all powerful; He even controls the ocean.
3527	93:1	gs1h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3528	93:1	cif2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of Yahweh’s strength and majesty as if they were things Yahweh wears. Alternate translation: “he shows everyone that he is a powerful king” or “his majesty is there for all to see, like the robe a king wears; everything about Yahweh shows that he is strong and he is ready to do great work” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3529	93:1	g76j				0	the power of a king and the way a king acts
3530	93:1	y5ut				0	put on a belt—a band of leather or another material that a person wears around his waist—to prepare for work or battle
3531	93:1	nv27		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You have firmly established the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3532	93:1	m76h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever move it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3533	93:2	q45b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You established your throne in ancient times” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3534	93:2	vq1t				0	“you have always existed”
3535	93:3	u6dq				0	Some versions read “floods … floods’.” The word often refers to a river (See: “the River” in Psalms 72:8), but “oceans … oceans’” has been chosen here because oceans, not rivers, have “waves” that “crash and roar.”
3536	93:3	qkw5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The psalmist speaks of the ocean as if it were a person who could speak. Alternate translation: “have made a mighty noise because their waves crash and roar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3537	93:3	kli1				0	make a long, loud sound.
3538	93:4	bv4p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The phrase “the mighty breakers of the sea” means basically the same thing as “many waves” and emphasizes how great these waves are. Alternate translation: “Above the crashing of all of the very great waves of the sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3539	93:4	x149				0	large waves coming to land
3540	93:4	z182		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of where God lives as if it were high above the earth. Alternate translation: “in heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3541	93:5	g6vn				0	very serious
3542	93:5	s6rb				0	“always stay the same” or “never change”
3543	93:5	f31y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of Yahweh’s house as if it were a woman wearing beautiful clothing or jewelry and of Yahweh’s holiness as the beautiful clothing or jewelry. Alternate translation: “your house is beautiful because you are holy” or “your holiness makes your house beautiful the way beautiful clothes and jewelry make a woman more beautiful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3544	93:5	a9yi				0	makes beautiful
3545	93:5	xku4				0	This refers to the temple in Jerusalem.
3546	93:5	lsy7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom refers to the duration of God’s life. Since God lives forever, it can also be translated as forever. Alternate translation: “for as long as you live” or “forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3547	94:intro	afb5				0	Psalm 094 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 94 is a prayer requesting that evil people be punished. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Special concepts in this chapter Justice Evil people expect God to ignore their injustices. But God knows what they are doing and will punish them for their evil deeds. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
3548	94:1	ns8u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3549	94:1	h3e7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “shine” is a metaphor for God revealing himself. Alternate translation: “show yourself” or “reveal your glory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3550	94:2	i9f5				0	“Come, judge of the earth, and punish the proud”
3551	94:2	sjp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The psalmist speaks of starting to do something as getting up. If your language has a word for beginning to act, use it here. Alternate translation: “Take action” or “Do something” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3552	94:3	dx87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The psalmist repeats the question to show that he is unhappy with how long Yahweh has allowed the wicked to rejoice. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have waited too long Yahweh; you have waited too long to stop the wicked from rejoicing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3553	94:3	nve7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Why the wicked rejoice can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “will the wicked rejoice because you never punish them for the evil deeds they do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3554	94:4	h71p				0	“All those who do evil pour out”
3555	94:4	ks4b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist writes of the wicked speaking as if their words were a liquid being poured out. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3556	94:4	dri9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The translation can make explicit that these people boast about their evil actions. Alternate translation: “all those who do evil boast about their evil deeds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3557	94:5	ifj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the metonym “nation” refers to the people of the nation. Alternate translation: “afflict the people of the nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3558	94:5	l8he		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of powerful people treating powerless people badly as if it were crushing them or breaking them in pieces. See how “break in pieces” is translated in Psalms 72:4. Alternate translation: “They completely destroy” or “They greatly harm” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3559	94:6	fk7f				0	“women whose husbands have died”
3560	94:6	wei8				0	“children without fathers”
3561	94:7	rs53				0	“the God of Israel does not see what we do”
3562	94:8	iz57				0	The writer now instructs the wicked people.
3563	94:8	ybz4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This rhetorical question emphasizes the anger of the writer with the wicked people he is speaking to. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “stop your foolish ways!” or “learn from your mistakes!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3564	94:9	b851		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements or commands. Alternate translation: “God made ears, so he can hear. God made eyes, so he can see.” or “God made ears, so stop acting as if he does not hear. God made eyes, so stop acting as if he does not see.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3565	94:10	p12i				0	The writer continues instructing the wicked people.
3566	94:10	ig2v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question can be translated as a statement. It is implied that Yahweh corrects his people. Alternate translation: “You know that Yahweh corrects the nations, so you can be sure that he will correct his people!” or “he will punish his people!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3567	94:10	ex2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated in positive form. Possible meanings are (1) God corrects. Alternate translation: “he corrects” or (2) God punishes. “he punishes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
3568	94:11	s3c6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the thoughts of men are compared to vapor or steam that disappears into the air. This metaphor shows how unimportant and useless they are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3569	94:11	z81z				0	“mist.” See how this word is translated in Psalms 39:11
3570	94:12	dl5m				0	Now the writer again talks to Yahweh.
3571	94:13	y3g3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	The psalmist speaks of Yahweh’s punishing the wicked as if Yahweh were trapping an animal in a pit. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until you dig a pit for the wicked” or “until you destroy the wicked” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3572	94:14	gwf5				0	“those whom he has chosen to be with him forever”
3573	94:15	m8cb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The psalmist speaks of those who judge as if they were the decisions they make. The abstract noun “judgment” can be translated with the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “judges will again judge righteously” or “judges will again make righteous decisions” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3574	94:15	l96i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The adjective phrase “upright in heart” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “those whose hearts are right with God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
3575	94:15	h275				0	“will want the judges to judge righteously”
3576	94:16	h7cv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one will defend me against the evildoers. No one will help me fight against the wicked.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3577	94:16	x3ap		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
3578	94:17	pgd7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo		0	This is a hypothetical situation. Yahweh did help him, so he was not lying in the place of silence. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
3579	94:17	ecb1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “help” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “If Yahweh had not helped me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3580	94:17	zjq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	Here “would be lying down” refers to “death” and “in the place of silence” refers to the grave.” Alternate translation: “in a short time, I would be dead, lying in a silent grave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3581	94:18	gqn7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “You, Yahweh, held me up because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3582	94:19	f9kp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The psalmist speaks of care as if he could count separate cares. The abstract noun “consolations” can be translated with the verb “console” or “comfort.” Alternate translation: “When I have been worried about many things, you have comforted me and made me happy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3583	94:20	uc2u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This rhetorical question is used to make a point. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “A wicked ruler who makes unjust laws is not your friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3584	94:20	w3hm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the metonym “throne” refers to a king or ruler. Alternate translation: “a wicked ruler” or “corrupt judge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3585	94:21	z1ls				0	secretly plan with a person something harmful or illegal
3586	94:21	rnk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom which means to kill someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3587	94:22	k9hg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “tower” is a metaphor for protection. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has protected me from my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3588	94:22	r48i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of having God protect him as if God were a place where the psalmist could go to be safe. See how “rock” and “refuge” are translated in Psalms 62:7. Alternate translation: “I have asked God to protect me, and he has kept me safe by his power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3589	94:23	fx4p				0	Possible meanings are (1) “will do to them the evil things they have done to others” or (2) “will punish them for all the evil things he has done to others.”
3590	94:23	qc5b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom which means “kill them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3591	94:23	i6z5				0	Possible meanings are (1) “while they are doing wicked things” or (2) “because they have done wicked things.”
3592	95:intro	e91f				0	Psalm 095 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 95 is the first in a series of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). Special concepts in this chapter God’s care God made everything and takes good care of people. People should not be stubborn like the Israelites were in the days of Moses. The Israelites with Moses wandered in the desert for forty years.
3593	95:1	qaf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3594	95:1	gv24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were a mountain the people could climb so they would be safe. See how “rock” and “of my salvation” are translated in Psalms 18:46. Alternate translation: “the rock where we can go and God will save us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3595	95:2	q5qb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks as if he is telling the readers to go into the throne room of a king. Alternate translation: “go to where he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3596	95:2	g5i4				0	“thanking him as we enter his presence”
3597	95:3	ufc9				0	Possible meanings are that Yahweh is a great king (1) “who rules over all other gods,” or (2) “who is much better than all gods.”
3598	95:4	j19t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom which means “in his control” or “he is responsible for.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3599	95:4	gf4l				0	deep places
3600	95:4	bx51				0	high places
3601	95:5	xy9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The word “hands” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “he himself formed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3602	95:6	ab7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	put both knees on the ground, often to show submission (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3603	95:7	cey6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “pasture” is a metonym for the food that animals eat in the pasture, which in turn is a synecdoche for everything that Yahweh provides for his people. Alternate translation: “we are the people whose needs he meets” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3604	95:7	kr47				0	an area where animals find grass to eat
3605	95:7	f66d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “hand” here refers to how Yahweh protects his people the way a shepherd protects his sheep. Alternate translation: “the people whom he protects like a shepherd protects his sheep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3606	95:7	l8vp				0	“Oh, that you would hear his voice today!” The psalmist purposely interrupts what he is saying.
3607	95:7	qm6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “his voice” represents God speaking or what he says. Alternate translation: “listen to God speak” or “hear what God says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3608	95:8	jf37				0	Now the writer writes the words that Yahweh spoke.
3609	95:8	g9zt				0	“become stubborn”
3610	95:8	a62x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	These are places in the desert that Moses named because the Israelites rebelled against God. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3611	95:9	z4ax		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	These two phrases are both metaphors for the people seeing how much evil they could do before Yahweh would punish them. The phrases say basically the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “tested me” or “wanted to see if they could do evil things without my punishing them … tested whether I would continue to be patient with them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3612	95:9	tdc4				0	“the amazing things I had done”
3613	95:10	n2cd				0	Yahweh continues speaking directly to his people.
3614	95:10	ms7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers		0	“40 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3615	95:10	mu82				0	“all of those people” or “that entire generation of people”
3616	95:10	ejg1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God speaks of the people as if they were sheep, which will go wherever they want to and not stay near their shepherd. Alternate translation: “move away from me” or “go their own way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3617	95:10	b41a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh’s commands are spoken of as if they were paths on which the people should walk. The people not obeying Yahweh’s commands is spoken of as if they did not know these paths. Alternate translation: “they have not obeyed my commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3618	95:11	l98t				0	“the place where I would have allowed them to rest”
3619	96:intro	hdp3				0	Psalm 096 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 96 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh, the king Yahweh is king over all the earth and is worthy of all praise.
3620	96:1	i5dj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3621	96:1	sm6u				0	a song no one has ever sung before
3622	96:1	mlu3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “all you people who live on the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3623	96:2	e8ws		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “bless Yahweh” or “do what makes Yahweh happy” See how “may his glorious name be blessed” is translated in Psalms 72:19. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3624	96:2	m2w2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated using the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “announce that he has saved us” or “tell people that he is the one who saves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3625	96:3	w4ht				0	“Tell all the people in every nation about his great glory”
3626	96:4	t9di		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is great. Praise him greatly” or “Yahweh is great, and people should praise him greatly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3627	96:4	lx5h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Fear him above all other gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3628	96:6	x8v4				0	“where he is”
3629	96:6	c8fx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The psalmist speaks as if splendor and majesty are people who can stand before a king. Alternate translation: “Everyone knows of his splendor and majesty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3630	96:6	geu8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The words “strength” and “beauty” are metonyms for the ark of the covenant decrees, which is found in the sanctuary. Alternate translation: “It is his sanctuary that contains the ark of the covenant decrees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3631	96:7	pq3m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	This can be restated to removed the abstract nouns “praise,” “glory,” and “strength.” See how these words are translated in Psalms 29:1. Alternate translation: “Praise Yahweh … praise Yahweh because he is glorious and strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3632	96:8	y25v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “glory” can be stated as a verb or adjective. See how these words are translated in Psalms 29:2. Alternate translation: “Honor Yahweh just as his name deserves” or “Proclaim that Yahweh is glorious just as his name deserves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3633	96:8	mvb8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “name” refers to the person of God. Alternate translation: “he deserves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3634	96:8	pw15				0	the temple courtyard where the priests sacrificed animals to Yahweh
3635	96:9	z4rm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. Alternate translation: “Bow down to worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3636	96:9	hjw3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “splendor” and “holiness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “because he is gloriously beautiful and holy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3637	96:9	pb7y				0	to shake because of fear
3638	96:9	ud6d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “earth” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3639	96:10	hsr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “He also established the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3640	96:10	yhs7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing can shake it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3641	96:11	p26n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Possible meanings are (1) the heavens and the earth are spoken of as if they have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the heavens are glad and the earth rejoices” or (2) “the heavens” and “the earth” are metonyms for those who dwell in those places. Alternate translation: “Let those who live in the heavens be glad and let those who live on the earth rejoice” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3642	96:11	v2y3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The implied information is that this refers to all the creatures living in the sea. They are spoken of as if they should shout with joy like people might do. Alternate translation: “the sea creatures shout joyfully” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3643	96:12	ms99		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	“Let the fields and all that is in them rejoice.” The psalmist speaks as if “the fields” and the animals that live in them have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the fields themselves and all the animals that live in them are rejoicing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3644	96:12	j65h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	This speaks about the trees as if they were people who could shout for joy. Alternate translation: “let it be as if all the trees in the forest shout for joy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3645	96:13	gp2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	The three phrase have similar meanings; the last two phases are used to strengthen the first. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3646	96:13	jp59				0	Another possible meaning is “to rule … will rule.”
3647	96:13	yk8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “the world” is a metonym for all the people in the world. See how these words are translated in Psalms 9:8. Alternate translation: “He will judge all the people of the world righteously” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3648	96:13	yn8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “he will judge” are understood. Alternate translation: “he will judge the peoples with his faithfulness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3649	96:13	z7r2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The can be restated to remove the abstract noun “faithfulness.” Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “fairly, according to what he knows is true” or (2) Alternate translation: “using the same standard for all people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3650	97:intro	ydx4				0	Psalm 097 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 97 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s authority All people who worship idols are disgraced because Yahweh rules over all the world.
3651	97:1	myd1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3652	97:1	aa9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The earth and the coastlands are said to have emotions like people. Alternate translation: “Rejoice and be glad every person on the earth and near the seas” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3653	97:1	n5lw				0	Possible meanings are (1) “lands near the seas” or (2) “islands.”
3654	97:2	rl3n				0	“We cannot see him; it is as if he were sitting in the dark with clouds all around him”
3655	97:2	h2md		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “throne” is a metonym for the deeds and words of the one who sits on it. The psalmist speaks as if righteousness and justice were physical objects that made the throne secure. Alternate translation: “He is righteous and just in everything he does” or “He is able to rule because he rules righteously and justly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3656	97:2	tat1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “the foundation of his throne” refers to how Yahweh rules his kingdom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3657	97:3	e96v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The psalmist speaks as if fire were a person walking before King Yahweh and telling people that the king was coming. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3658	97:3	nz83				0	“burns up his enemies”
3659	97:4	th94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of the earth as if it were a person who sees what Yahweh does and trembles in fear. Alternate translation: “like a person, the earth sees and trembles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3660	97:4	c2ef				0	shakes with fear
3661	97:5	r8fc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer speaks of the mountains crumbling before Yahweh as if they were wax that was exposed to a fire. Alternate translation: “The mountains are unable to stand as Yahweh comes near” or “The mountains crumble in Yahweh’s presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3662	97:6	t73s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Possible meanings are (1) the psalmist speaks as if the skies are Yahweh’s messengers who declare that Yahweh is just. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that God is just, the same way that everyone can see the skies” or (2) the skies refer to the beings that live in the heavens. Alternate translation: “All those who live in heaven declare that Yahweh is just” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3663	97:8	t6tg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to the people who live in these lands. Alternate translation: “The people of Zion heard … the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3664	97:9	fh9w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks as if those who were strong enough to rule were the physically higher than others. Alternate translation: “rule over all the people who live on” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3665	97:9	etq9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks as if those who were strong enough to rule were the physically higher than others. Alternate translation: “You are high, far” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3666	97:10	v6ge		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “hand” represents power. Yahweh rescuing people from the power of wicked people is spoken of as if he took them out of their hands. Alternate translation: “he rescues them from the power of the wicked” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3667	97:11	zi9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sows light for those who do right, and he sows gladness for those with honest hearts” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3668	97:11	c84h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “sown” is a metaphor for actions with future results. “Light” is a metaphor for good things. Alternate translation: “Yahweh plans for good things to happen to the righteous in the future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3669	97:11	s7rl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The adjective “righteous” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
3670	97:11	a81f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “is sown” are understood. The word “sown” is a metaphor for actions with future results. The abstract noun “gladness” can be stated as “happy.” Alternate translation: “gladness is sown for those with honest hearts” or “Yahweh plans for people with honest hearts to be happy in the future” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3671	97:11	tqu7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “honest people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3672	97:12	bkn2				0	This verse has a command followed by the reason for the command. If your language requires the reason to precede the command: “Because of what Yahweh has done for you, you righteous people, be glad and give thanks when you remember his holiness.”
3673	97:12	h6wc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means to be glad because of what Yahweh has done. Alternate translation: “Be glad because of what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3674	97:12	df6i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Possible meanings are (1) “when you remember how holy he is” or (2) “to his holy name,” a metonym for “to him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3675	98:intro	rt9w				0	Psalm 098 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 98 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). Special concepts in this chapter Praise Everyone and every thing should sing praises to Yahweh because he is worthy of all praise.
3676	98:1	p45q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3677	98:1	p2zl				0	a song no one has ever sung before. See how this is translated in Psalms 96:1.
3678	98:1	diq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The words “right hand” and “holy arm” refer to Yahweh’s strength. Together they emphasize how great his strength is. Alternate translation: “his very great power has” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3679	98:1	wsb2				0	the more powerful and skilled hand
3680	98:1	q78c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “arm” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “the power that is his alone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3681	98:1	q2q6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “victory.” Alternate translation: “have enabled him to be victorious over his enemies” or “has enabled him to defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3682	98:2	e23q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated using the verb “save.” Alternate translation: “showed people that he saves his people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3683	98:2	r9rs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the adjective “just.” The word “nations” is a metonym for “the people who live in all the nations.” Alternate translation: “showed the people who live in all the nations that he is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3684	98:3	p5wz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	“remembers.” See how “call to mind” is translated in Psalms 20:3. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3685	98:3	k1dm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “people from all over the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3686	98:3	g1bq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “victory” can be translated using the verb “defeat.” Alternate translation: “will see our God defeat his enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3687	98:4	qdk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “all people in the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3688	98:4	l8fc				0	“suddenly begin singing happily”
3689	98:4	p9j9				0	“sing because you are happy”
3690	98:4	si76				0	“sing praises to God”
3691	98:5	mn38				0	delightful or pleasing musical sound
3692	98:6	q5hb				0	an animal horn used as a musical instrument
3693	98:6	ulk2				0	“raise a shout.” See how “shout” is translated in Psalms 47:1.
3694	98:7	cyl7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The psalmist speaks as if the sea were a person who could shout to God. Alternate translation: “Let it be as if the sea and everything in it were shouting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3695	98:7	gsp5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The psalmist speaks as if the world were a person. Alternate translation: “and let it be as if the world and those who live in it were shouting” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3696	98:7	wcf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: “the people in the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3697	98:8	t1an		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The psalmist speaks as if the rivers and mountains were people who could clap and shout. Alternate translation: “Let it be as though the rivers are clapping their hands and mountains were shouting for joy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3698	98:9	r45f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he will judge the nations with fairness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3699	98:9	qd66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This is a metonym for “the people who live in the nations.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3700	98:9	lp38				0	“honestly” or “using the same standard for everyone”
3701	99:intro	wma5				0	Psalm 099 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 99 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s justice God is just and fair. Moses, Aaron and Samuel each prayed to him and obeyed him and he answered their prayers. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
3702	99:1	k3aw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3703	99:1	gp6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to the people of all nations. Alternate translation: “the people of all nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3704	99:1	mf5d				0	shake with fear
3705	99:1	rm8y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate translation: “He sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3706	99:1	i5p3				0	shakes
3707	99:2	w3l7				0	“Not only is Yahweh great in Zion, he is exalted above all the nations” or “Not only does Yahweh rule in Zion, he rules over all the nations”
3708	99:2	e9l4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people in all the nations exalt him” or “people in all nations praise him greatly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3709	99:3	r44j				0	Here the author shifts from speaking about God, to speaking to God. After this phrase though, he shifts back to speaking about God.
3710	99:4	c51t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “justice” can be translated using the phrase “what is just.” Alternate translation: “he loves doing what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3711	99:4	f41e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “fairness” is a metonym for the laws that are fair. Alternate translation: “The laws you have established are fair” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3712	99:5	j6yj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here the word “footstool” likely refers to the ark of the covenant, which the biblical writers often spoke of as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. The translation can make explicit that the people are to worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “worship Yahweh at his footstool” or “worship Yahweh before his throne in the temple” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3713	99:7	cv85				0	important, given seriously
3714	99:8	v1qa				0	“You answered your people”
3715	99:9	lw8c				0	“Mount Zion”
3716	100:intro	n9yp				0	Psalm 100 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 100 is the last of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100). Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s care for his creation God made mankind and takes good care of people.
3717	100:1	m9ga		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3718	100:1	xue7				0	“Raise a shout to Yahweh.” See how “shout” is translated in Psalms 47:1.
3719	100:1	szl7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to all the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “everyone on the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3720	100:2	kub7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks as if he is telling the readers to go into the throne room of a king. Alternate translation: “go to where he is with joyful singing” or “he can hear you, so sing joyfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3721	100:3	uxa7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s people are like his sheep. Alternate translation: “the people God provides for and protects” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3722	100:3	z4at				0	a grassy area for feeding animals
3723	100:4	tb64				0	“while thanking him” or “while giving thanks to him”
3724	100:4	zt85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “bless Yahweh” or “do what makes Yahweh happy” See how “may his glorious name be blessed” is translated in Psalms 72:19. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3725	100:5	qn11		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he is faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3726	100:5	e52y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. The abstract noun “truthfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “his truthfulness endures through all generations” or “he is truthful through all generations” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3727	100:5	nly8				0	“generation after generation.” See how this is translated in Psalms 89:4.
3728	101:intro	vhm3				0	Psalm 101 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 101 is a psalm asking God’s help in living as a person should. Special concepts in this chapter Encouragement The psalmist wanted to encourage all the good people in the land restrain all the evil people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
3729	101:1	icq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3730	101:1	lx29		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “justice” can be translated with adjectives. Alternate translation: “I will sing that you are faithful to your covenant and that you are just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3731	101:2	v15m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David speaks about “living” as if it were “walking.” Alternate translation: “I will live in a way that is honest and right” or “I will live a life full of integrity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3732	101:2	x9km		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David speaks about “living” as if it were walking.” Also, David speaks of overseeing his house with integrity, as if integrity were a physical object residing in his house. Alternate translation: “I will oversee my house with integrity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3733	101:3	ebd9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “wrongdoing.” The idiom, “put evil before my eyes,” means to approve of it. Alternate translation: “I will not approve of anyone doing anything that is wrong in my presence” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3734	101:3	l5pl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	David describes “evil” as if it were something unable to cling to him. This means that he would avoid evil things and people doing evil things. Alternate translation: “I will completely avoid evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3735	101:3	cx52				0	hold on to something or someone very tightly
3736	101:4	v5jw				0	“to anything that is evil”
3737	101:5	f3b9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful such people are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3738	101:5	nsy2				0	“a proud outward appearance.”” This refers to a person being so proud that anyone who looks at him can see how proud he is.
3739	101:6	p6qp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means that David would allow those people to be around him and live with him. Alternate translation: “I will allow the faithful of the land to live with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3740	101:6	ph2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to the people who are faithful to God. Alternate translation: “the faithful people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
3741	101:6	qs64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David speaks about “living” as if it were “walking.” Alternate translation: “live in a way that is honest and right” or “live lives full of integrity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3742	101:7	n792		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have the same idea and are used together to emphasize how David will not tolerate deceitful people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3743	101:7	pag2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not welcome liars” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3744	101:7	hk5x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “my eyes” refers to David himself. Alternate translation: “before me” or “in my presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3745	101:8	xql1				0	“Every day”
3746	101:8	e3n4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
3747	101:8	nwb7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	David is referring to the city that he is in as “the city of Yahweh.” This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “from this city, which is Yahweh’s city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3748	102:intro	ew2b				0	Psalm 102 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 102 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Salvation The author does not want to die young. He also wants to see Jerusalem saved. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
3749	102:1	p5kd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3750	102:1	g5ux		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to a man who is afflicted. Alternate translation: “the afflicted man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
3751	102:3	z22d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Here “my days” refers to the author’s life and the idea of “smoke” is something that quickly disappears. Alternate translation: “my life passes away quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3752	102:3	uzi1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the author refers to his “body” as his “bones.” Alternate translation: “my body feels like it is burning” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3753	102:4	c6kx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the author refers to himself as his “heart.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am in despair” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3754	102:4	g6gz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	This is another way to describe his despair. Alternate translation: “I feel like I am drying up like withered grass” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3755	102:6	lb9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	He compares his loneliness to that of a pelican, which is often seem alone instead of with other birds. Alternate translation: “I am lonely and despised like a pelican in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3756	102:6	e6su				0	a large fish-eating bird
3757	102:6	mja3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The author continues to describe loneliness by comparing himself to an owl in abandoned ruins. Alternate translation: “I have become alone like an owl in abandoned ruins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3758	102:6	z5z7				0	This is a bird that is awake at night. Alternate translation: “a night bird”
3759	102:7	g7mv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer compares himself to a bird to emphasize his feeling of loneliness. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3760	102:9	w9f3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	David would have sat in ashes as an act of mourning, therefore ashes would have fallen on his food. Alternate translation: “I eat ashes like I eat bread” or “As I mourn, ashes fall on the bread that I eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3761	102:9	x9c8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	David did not purposefully mix his drink with tears; rather his tear would have fallen into his cup while he mourned and wept. Alternate translation: “my tears fall into the cup that I drink” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3762	102:10	n1sq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God has not literally lifted and thrown David’s body to the ground; rather David says this to describe what he is feeling and experiencing. Alternate translation: “it is like you have lifted me up to throw me down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3763	102:11	p3fu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	David compares his time left to live on earth to a fading shadow. Alternate translation: “My time to remain alive is short like an evening shadow that will soon be gone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3764	102:11	i6b5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	As David’s body becomes weak and he is nearing the end of his life, he compares himself to withering grass. Alternate translation: “my body has become weak like withered grass” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3765	102:11	zgl8				0	dry and wrinkled
3766	102:12	u198				0	“you will be recognized for all generations to come”
3767	102:12	ge7b				0	being known by many people
3768	102:13	xp79		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “Zion” refers to the people who live in Zion. Alternate translation: “have mercy on the people of Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3769	102:13	rn9d				0	The word “her” refers to Zion.
3770	102:14	ew61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The “stones” refer to the stones that were part of the city walls before they were destroyed. Alternate translation: “still love the stones that were formerly in the city walls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3771	102:15	h2k3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “your name” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3772	102:15	n7ut		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The people will honor Yahweh because of his glory. Here Yahweh is referred to by his glory. Alternate translation: “will honor you because you are glorious” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3773	102:16	p45x				0	“will be seen as glorious” or “people will see his glory”
3774	102:17	c68k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to destitute people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
3775	102:17	l5ly		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives		0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will accept their prayers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
3776	102:18	ex9t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will write this for future generations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3777	102:19	p7h3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have similar meaning and are used together for emphasize how God looks down from heaven. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3778	102:19	f2bl				0	“his holy place high above the earth”
3779	102:20	zeq6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the authorities had sentenced to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3780	102:21	jgk6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have the same meaning and emphasize the idea of praising the name of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3781	102:23	vj74		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David describes God causing him to become weak as if his strength were a physical item that could be taken away from him. Alternate translation: “has caused me to become weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3782	102:23	bbe3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “days” here refers to his life. Alternate translation: “my life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3783	102:24	zb7q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David is asking God to not let him die. Alternate translation: “do not take me away from the earth” or “do not let me die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3784	102:24	tyv4				0	“you are present throughout all generations”
3785	102:26	r72f				0	The word “they” refers to “the earth” and “the heavens.”
3786	102:27	fd7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David describes the length of time that God is alive as his “years.” This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “you will live forever” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
3787	102:28	va7h				0	“will continue to live”
3788	102:28	nf8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David describes the descendants being protected by Yahweh as being in his presence. Alternate translation: “be protected as they live in your presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3789	103:intro	b1ht				0	Psalm 103 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 103 is the first in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s grace God is good to us by forgiving our sins and not punishing us as much as we deserve. His loving-kindness goes on from generation to generation. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
3790	103:1	j269		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3791	103:1	dn28		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much he will praise Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I will praise Yahweh with all that I am” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3792	103:1	tv2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to praising Yahweh’s name as Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3793	103:1	qlm6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	“all of me” or “all that I am.” David uses this phrase to refer to himself and to emphasize his devotion to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3794	103:3	ts4f				0	David is speaking to himself, so he uses the words “your” and “you” to refer to himself. Many translations express this with “my” and “me” as the UST does.
3795	103:4	d9r5				0	David is speaking to himself, so he uses the words “your” and “you” to refer to himself. Many translations express this with “my” and “me” as the UST does.
3796	103:4	ktm1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This means that Yahweh keeps him alive. Alternate translation: “He saves me from dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3797	103:4	n5d6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here blessing someone and treating them with great honor is described as if it were placing a crown on that person’s head. The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “mercy” can be translated with adverbs. Alternate translation: “he blesses you by acting faithfully and mercifully towards you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3798	103:5	u7y1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The phrase “your life” refers to “you,” but it emphasizes that Yahweh gives blessings throughout life. Alternate translation: “He satisfies you with good things through your life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3799	103:5	ga8q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Having your “youth renewed” means to feel young again. Here David compares this feeling of youth to the swiftness and strength of an eagle. Alternate translation: “you feel young and are strong like an eagle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3800	103:5	c2mk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “youth” refers to the strength one had as a young adult. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3801	103:6	g16e				0	“causes justice to happen to”
3802	103:6	d2hy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Who is doing the oppressing can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “all who are oppressed by men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3803	103:7	b1ww		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “he made known” are understood from the previous phrase. They may be repeated here. Alternate translation: “he made known his deeds to the descendants of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3804	103:8	s8zz				0	“is full of mercy and love”
3805	103:9	whp1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3806	103:10	ma6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases are parallel and emphasize that God does not punish us as we deserve. Alternate translation: “He does not repay us with the punishment we deserve for our sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3807	103:10	e5pc				0	“punish us”
3808	103:11	me8x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The simile compares the great distance between heaven and earth to the greatness of God’s love for his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3809	103:11	e326		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “so he is very faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3810	103:12	tv54		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The distance between east and west is so far that it cannot be measured. In this simile, that distance is being compared to how far God moves our guilt away from us. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3811	103:13	yv8t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Here the author compares a father’s compassion for his children to Yahweh’s compassion for those who honor him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3812	103:14	l1y7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what our bodies are like” or “how he formed our bodies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3813	103:14	pmk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	When Yahweh created Adam the first man he created him from dust. Alternate translation: “he remembers that he created us from dust” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3814	103:15	dwr3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	In this simile, the length of man’s life is being compared to the short length of time that grass grows before it dies. Alternate translation: “The length of man’s life is short like that of grass” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3815	103:15	zx2q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	In this simile, how man grows over time is compared to how a flower grows. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3816	103:15	p86d				0	To “flourish” is to grow well or be healthy.
3817	103:16	pk91		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	These phrases continue to talk about flowers and grass. They compare how flowers and grass die to how man dies. Alternate translation: “The wind blows over the flowers and grass and they disappear, and no one can tell where they once grew—it is the same way with man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3818	103:17	x8ia		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3819	103:17	c87z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	This means that Yahweh’s love continues forever. Alternate translation: “will continue forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
3820	103:17	h9c9				0	“the descendants of those who honor him”
3821	103:18	qg3h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3822	103:19	zz3l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here Yahweh’s reign as king is referred to as his “throne.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh has taken his seat in the heavens where he rules as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3823	103:19	wr38				0	“has made”
3824	103:19	q47p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here Yahweh is referred to by “his kingdom” to emphasize his authority as king. Alternate translation: “he rules” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3825	103:21	hie6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom meaning to “do his will.” Alternate translation: “do his will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3826	103:22	kgz3				0	“praise him in all the places where he reigns”
3827	103:22	te1g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This phrase means that he will praise Yahweh wholeheartedly and is used to emphasize his devotion to him. Alternate translation: “with all of me” or “with all my soul” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3828	104:intro	zu6w				0	Psalm 104 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 104 is the second in the series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s creation God has created everything good on earth, in the sky and in the sea.
3829	104:1	n2h6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. This psalm is a song of praise. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3830	104:1	h3du		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This phrase means that he will praise Yahweh wholeheartedly and is used to emphasize his devotion to him. Alternate translation: “with all of me” or “with all my soul”(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3831	104:1	pn87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The words “splendor” and “majesty” have similar meanings and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh’s glory. They are described as clothing Yahweh like a garment. Alternate translation: “you have splendor and majesty all around you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3832	104:2	a2ha		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Yahweh is described as being covered with light as if the light were a garment around him. Alternate translation: “You are covered in light” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3833	104:2	dy5x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Here God is described as spreading out the heavens like someone spreads out a tent when setting it up. Alternate translation: “you spread out the heavens like someone sets up a tent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3834	104:3	mw5b				0	“You build your upper rooms in the heavens.” This is referring to his house is so tall that the upper floor extends into the clouds.
3835	104:3	wvf4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the clouds are described as carrying Yahweh as if they were a chariot. Alternate translation: “you make the clouds carry you like a chariot” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3836	104:3	cb6d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the blowing of the wind is described as wings on which Yahweh walks. Alternate translation: “you walk upon the wind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3837	104:4	h3wj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Possible meanings are (1) he causes the wind to be able to carry a message like a messenger, “He makes the winds to be like his messengers” or (2) “He makes his messengers swift like the wind” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3838	104:4	hx2d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Possible meanings are (1) “he causes flames of fire to be like his servants.” He causes fire to serve him like a servant would or (2) “he makes his servants to be like flames of fire”and (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3839	104:4	m17r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	This can be stated with the implied information from the previous line. Alternate translation: “He makes the flames of fire his servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3840	104:5	slc5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here the phrase “laid the foundations” means “created.” Alternate translation: “He created the whole earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3841	104:6	uvx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Here the water that covered the earth is being compared to how a large garment is able to completely cover something. Alternate translation: “You completely covered the earth with water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3842	104:7	cyi9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how God spoke and the waters went away. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3843	104:7	xcn5				0	move back, go down
3844	104:7	e57p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here the psalmist speaks about the waters receding as if they fled like an animal after hearing Yahweh’s voice. The word “fled” means to run away quickly. Alternate translation: “rushed away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3845	104:8	scr3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here the psalmist speaks of God causing the mountains and valleys to move and change as if they chose to move themselves. They are described this way to emphasize God’s power. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3846	104:8	l42f				0	The word “them” refers to the waters.
3847	104:9	n9ik		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here the psalmist speaks of God causing the waters not to cross the boundary that he created for them as if the waters themselves chose not to cross it. They are described this way to emphasize God’s authority over them. Alternate translation: “a boundary for them that they cannot cross” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3848	104:9	dvf6				0	border
3849	104:10	iif6				0	small rivers
3850	104:11	lyg8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It can be stated clearly that they quench their thirst by drinking the water. Alternate translation: “the wild donkeys drink the water to quench their thirst” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3851	104:12	agc8				0	the ground at the edges of a river
3852	104:12	f9hd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David describes birds chirping as if they were singing. Alternate translation: “they chirp among the tree branches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3853	104:13	t46e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This means that God causes it to rain. The waters are described as residing in chambers in the sky. Alternate translation: “He waters the mountains by causing the rains to fall from the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3854	104:13	umz5				0	“the many good things that you create”
3855	104:14	e34g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “he makes” and “grow” are understood from the previous phrase, and can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “and he makes the plants grow for man to cultivate” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3856	104:16	wk1s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh provides plenty of rain for his trees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3857	104:17	hms7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	They makes their nests in the cedars. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The birds make their nests in the cedars” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3858	104:17	hw3v				0	This is a type of bird. Alternate translation: “bird”
3859	104:18	k4ms				0	I hyrax is a small animal that looks like a large rodent. Alternate translation: “rock badger”
3860	104:19	ph3b				0	This word refers to different weather changes through the year. Some places have rainy season and dry season, while others have spring, summer, fall, and winter.
3861	104:19	e39s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here David describes the sun as if it knows what time of day it is. Alternate translation: “he made the sun to set when it is time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3862	104:20	qx53				0	“Yahweh, you make.” Here the authors switches from speaking about Yahweh to speaking to him.
3863	104:21	lyz7				0	an animal that is food for another animal
3864	104:21	jb9f				0	“but they rely on God to provide their food”
3865	104:22	gx5s				0	go back to their dens
3866	104:22	y9tf				0	the homes of some mammals and small animals
3867	104:24	z55t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David describes the amount of things that Yahweh had created as if they were a liquid overflowing out of a container. Alternate translation: “is filled with your work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3868	104:25	ci1v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	“it is very deep and very wide.” The depth and width of the sea emphasizes how large it is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3869	104:25	px6m				0	“having in them more creatures than anyone could count”
3870	104:25	ury2				0	more than anyone can count
3871	104:25	qyy2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	This means creatures of all sizes. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
3872	104:26	hy31				0	“The ships travel on the sea”
3873	104:27	f1i2				0	“All these creatures”
3874	104:27	ty2m				0	“give them their food when they need it”
3875	104:28	zi19		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It may be helpful to state that it is food that is given. Alternate translation: “When you give food to them, they gather it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3876	104:28	lri9				0	collect
3877	104:28	rs7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This describes Yahweh as opening his hand to give food to the creatures. Alternate translation: “when you open your hand to feed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3878	104:29	mel5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This means that Yahweh does not look at them or pay attention to them. Alternate translation: “when you do not look upon them” or “when you ignore them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3879	104:29	w8jz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This means that their bodies decay and are and become soil again. Alternate translation: “their bodies decay and return to the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3880	104:30	nc9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This refers to his Spirit being sent to give life to creatures. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3881	104:30	ufs8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	It is Yahweh’s spirit that created them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3882	104:30	bvs4				0	“you cause the land to be full of new life”
3883	104:34	wqg4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	He is comparing his thoughts to something that tastes sweet. Alternate translation: “my thoughts be pleasing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3884	104:35	j2if				0	disappear
3885	104:35	d8e7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The phrase “the wicked” refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “may wicked people disappear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
3886	105:intro	lfu2				0	Psalm 105 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 105 is the third in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s protection God protected Abraham and Jacob. He worked throughout Israel’s history to bring Israel into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
3887	105:1	zzf7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3888	105:1	vd4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “name” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “call on him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3889	105:1	x3bs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to the people in the nations. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3890	105:3	te1c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “name” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Boast in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3891	105:3	a47m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “the heart” represents the person who seeks Yahweh. Alternate translation: “let the people who seek Yahweh rejoice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3892	105:4	hn4w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	To “seek Yahweh’s strength” means to ask him to strengthen you. Alternate translation: “Seek Yahweh and ask him to give you his strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3893	105:5	bp9g				0	remember and think about
3894	105:5	d8xx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The word “recall” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “recall his miracles and” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3895	105:5	mlf1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “mouth” refers to the things that he spoke. Alternate translation: “the decrees that he has spoken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3896	105:6	h2s3				0	The author is speaking to the Israelites, calling them these names.
3897	105:6	qt6k				0	“Abraham, Yahweh’s servant”
3898	105:8	dsi3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases share similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. The word “word” refers to the covenant. Alternate translation: “He keeps in mind his covenant forever, the promise he made” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3899	105:8	jiu4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means to remember and think about something. Alternate translation: “remembers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3900	105:8	myq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers		0	“1,000 generations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3901	105:9	f63m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The phrase “call to mind” means to remember something. Alternate translation: “he remembers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3902	105:9	q6jd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both of these phrases “the covenant” and “the oath” refer to the same promise that Yahweh made to his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3903	105:9	xgp2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “that he made” are undestood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “his oath that he made to Isaac” or “his oath that he gave to Isaac” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3904	105:12	mm4y				0	The psalmist is writing about Israel.
3905	105:12	y52u				0	The word “they” refers to the Israelites.
3906	105:12	xll7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that “the land” refers to Canaan. Alternate translation: “were foreigners in the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3907	105:13	m9g6				0	“They continued to wander”
3908	105:13	zb22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3909	105:14	y2y2				0	The psalmist is writing about Israel.
3910	105:14	zit6				0	“for their own well-being.” This is referring to Israel.
3911	105:15	ex2x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	Here “touch” means to harm, it’s an exaggeration Yahweh used to strengthen his warning to not harm his people. Alternate translation: “Do not harm the people I have anointed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
3912	105:16	yy95		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	“He sent.” This means that caused a famine to happen in the land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3913	105:16	ih1i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “the whole supply of food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3914	105:17	w46a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It may be helpful to state that he sent him ahead of them to Egypt. Alternate translation: “He sent a man ahead of them to Egypt; he sent Joseph who” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3915	105:17	a5yd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joseph’s brothers sold him as a slave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3916	105:18	y8ja				0	metal restraints used to fasten a prisoner’s wrists or ankles together
3917	105:18	y4be		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	These statements can be restated as active. Alternate translation: “The Egyptians bound his feet in shackles; they put an iron collar around his neck. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3918	105:19	d2i1				0	“The message of Yahweh tested him”
3919	105:20	t5jp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that the king set Joseph free. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3920	105:23	cy4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here “Israel” refers to Jacob. Jacob also brought his family with him. Alternate translation: “Then Israel and his family came into Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3921	105:24	dy5v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the increase of Israel as if they were a plant that produced a lot of fruit. “God increased the number of his people greatly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3922	105:25	dlg8				0	“to hate his people and to mistreat his servants”
3923	105:27	m86t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have basically the same meaning. Alternate translation: “Moses and Aaron performed God’s miracles in Egypt among the descendants of Ham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3924	105:27	ejj7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “they performed” are understood fromt the previous phrase. They may be repeated here. Alternate translation: “and they performed his wonders in the land of Ham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3925	105:27	sf91		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Ham was an ancestor of the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “the land of Ham’s descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3926	105:28	x43u				0	“made the sky dark”
3927	105:30	l4fr				0	a small jumping reptile
3928	105:30	svn6				0	“they were even in the rooms of their rulers”
3929	105:31	bg5e				0	The psalmist continues to describe Yahweh’s judgment on Egypt.
3930	105:31	xv9w				0	large flying groups
3931	105:31	p85g				0	small flying insects like flies but smaller
3932	105:32	xxb2				0	ice that falls from the sky like rain
3933	105:33	sa1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	God caused the hail, rain, and lightning to ruin the vines and trees. Alternate translation: “He caused it to destroy … and to break” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3934	105:34	pv2a				0	“there were so many locusts”
3935	105:35	ytq3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrase have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “The insects ate all the plants and all the crops in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3936	105:36	ur3w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Here the second phrase about the “firstfruits” is used to describe the “firstborn” in the first phrase. Alternate translation: “He killed every firstborn in their land, which were the firstfruits of all their strength” or “Then Yahweh killed the oldest son in every house of the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3937	105:37	p9rb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	When the Israelites left Egypt they took silver and gold with them. Alternate translation: “He brought the Isrealites out of Egypt with silver and gold in their possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3938	105:37	jug1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives		0	No one was left behind. This can be stated positively Alternate translation: “all of his tribes was able to make the journey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
3939	105:38	b4ia		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “Egypt” refers to the people who live in Egypt. Alternate translation: The people of Egypt were glad (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3940	105:39	z8gy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the psalmist describes Yahweh placing a cloud in the sky as if he were spreading out a garment. The cloud was a “covering” to protect them from the sun. Alternate translation: “He placed a cloud in the sky to protect them from the sun and heat” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3941	105:39	tm1i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Yahweh placed a pillar of fire in the sky to give light during the night. Alternate translation: “placed a fire it the sky to light up the night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3942	105:40	ny85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It may be helpful to make clear that quail are small birds Yahweh sent for them to eat. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sent small birds to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3943	105:40	i82g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Yahweh caused manna, a type of bread, to fall from the sky. Alternate translation: “with bread that fell from the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3944	105:41	kr8h				0	“the waters flowed”
3945	105:42	p4um		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means to remember. Alternate translation: “remembered” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3946	105:43	s27l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that God’s people were joyful when he led them out of Egypt. The people were shouting joyfully. Alternate translation: “He led his chosen people out with shouts of joy and triumph” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3947	105:43	is64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	Here “chosen” refers to Yahweh’s chosen people. Alternate translation: “his chosen people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
3948	105:43	vc3k				0	the sound that people make when they are shouting with joy because they have defeated their enemies
3949	105:45	x32z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. “To keep” his statutes means to obey them. Alternate translation: “obey his laws and statutes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3950	106:intro	b2l3				0	Psalm 106 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 106 is the fourth in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107) Special concepts in this chapter Israel’s sin Although Israel continually sinned in the desert, God still took them to the Promised Land. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
3951	106:1	m751		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3952	106:1	n4rk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “for he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3953	106:2	mp3f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The author asks this question to praise God and does not expect an answer. Alternate translation: “No one can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh … deeds.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3954	106:2	gxs8				0	“deeds that are worthy of praise”
3955	106:4	hu15		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The phrase “call to mind” means to remember something. Alternate translation: “remember me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3956	106:5	a4xh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The word “chosen” refers to Yahweh’s chosen people. Alternate translation: “of your chosen people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
3957	106:5	hyv2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	These are things that David says he will do, along with “seeing the prosperity of your chosen.” The words “I will” may be repeated here. Alternate translation: “I will rejoice in the gladness … and I will glory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3958	106:5	xr8z				0	joy, delight
3959	106:5	upf7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the phrase “your inheritance” refers to the Isrealites, who are Yahweh’s chosen people. Here “glory” means “to boast about” something; in this case they are boasting about Yahweh. Alternate translation: “boast of your greatness with your people” or “boast with your people about you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3960	106:7	f98d				0	“were not grateful for the marvelous deed you did”
3961	106:7	ba4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “they ignored the many things that you did because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3962	106:7	i9mu				0	These two phrases refer to the same sea. The second is the name of the sea.
3963	106:8	gj3d				0	“Even though what I have just said is true, he”
3964	106:8	cz9e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “his name” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for the sake of his own reputation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3965	106:9	f4nv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Here David compares the way that Yahweh led the Isrealites through the Sea of Reeds to the way people can be led across the dry ground of a wilderness. “The depths” refers the riverbed that appeared after Yahweh parted the waters. Alternate translation: “through the Seas of Reeds on dry ground” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3966	106:10	tc7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize that Yahweh saved them from their enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3967	106:10	hd8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “the power of those who hated them” or “the control of those who hated them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3968	106:11	iwb8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	This is a polite way to talk about them drowning. Alternate translation: “drowned their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3969	106:12	z9pl				0	Here the word “they” refers to “their ancestors” and the word “his” refers to “Yahweh.”
3970	106:13	k4qa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that they did things without waiting to find out what Yahweh wanted them to go. Alternate translation: “they did things without first waiting for Yahweh’s instructions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3971	106:14	hxm8				0	“cravings that could not be satisfied”
3972	106:14	ut7k				0	“They rebelled against God”
3973	106:15	p9dq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David speaks about Yahweh causing the people to be afflicted by a disease as if Yahweh sent a disease to them in the same way that someone sends a person or a messenger. Alternate translation: “but he caused them to suffer from a horrible disease” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3974	106:15	cz4b				0	a disease that caused people to slowly become weak and caused some of them to die
3975	106:16	ymj2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to the Israelites’ camp in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “In the camp in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3976	106:17	rfy5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here how the ground opens up and buries the people is being compared to how a creature swallows something. Alternate translation: “The earth opened and buried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3977	106:17	n2we		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	This was an official who rebelled against Moses. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3978	106:17	acj1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The followers of Abiram were also buried when the earth opened and buried Dathan. Alternate translation: “it also covered the followers of Abiram” or “it also buried the followers of Abiram” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3979	106:17	trp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	This was an official who rebelled against Moses. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3980	106:18	k3ir		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases mean the same things and are written together to emphasize how the wicked people were killed by the fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3981	106:19	uq33		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This information can be reordered so that it is clear that the calf was the cast metal figure. Alternate translation: “At Horeb, they made a cast metal figure of a calf and worshiped it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3982	106:20	em83		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This means that instead of worshiping God they worshiped the image of the bull. Alternate translation: “They traded worshiping the glory of God to worship the image of a bull” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3983	106:20	ke98		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here God is referred to by his glory. Alternate translation: “their glorious God” or “God who is glorious” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3984	106:22	ej25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession		0	This refers to the land where Ham’s descendants lived. Alternate translation: “the land where Ham’s descendant live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
3985	106:22	s85r				0	“awesome things”
3986	106:23	s6ji		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David speaks about Moses persuading Yahweh not to destroy the Israelites as intervening with him in the breach. Alternate translation: “stood between Yahweh and the Israelites and begged Yahweh to not destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3987	106:24	rv7l				0	This refers to Yahweh’s promise that he would allow them to take the land of Canaan as their possession.
3988	106:25	g1re				0	complained
3989	106:26	rxu8				0	The word “his” refers to Yahweh. Also, it was custom to raise a hand when swearing an oath.
3990	106:27	gk8t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “and that he would make their descendants live in foreign lands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3991	106:27	yf1j				0	This means to disperse or spread out something.
3992	106:28	ju2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the sacrifices that they offered to the dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3993	106:28	sm42		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	“The dead” refers to the idols and gods that the Israelites were worshiping. Alternate translation: “to gods who are dead” or “to lifeless gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
3994	106:29	fu7m				0	“a plague spread”
3995	106:29	m7n8				0	“angered him”
3996	106:30	eqn8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Phinehas intervened among the people, punishing them for their sin. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Then Phinehas rose to intervene among the people because of their sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3997	106:31	s4km		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People credited it to him as a righteous deed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3998	106:32	p4gw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	This is a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3999	106:32	zj4e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Moses suffered because of the peoples’ sin. Here the word “them” is a pronoun for the people and a metonym referring to their sin. Alternate translation: “suffered because of their actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4000	106:35	kf8n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Hey David speaks of the people intermarrying with the women from other nations as “mingling” with them. Alternate translation: “but they mixed in marriage with the other nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4001	106:36	j9ws				0	The idols became a snare to them.
4002	106:38	f98r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	The phrase “shedding blood” is a descriptive euphemism used for “killing.” Alternate translation: “They shed innocent blood when they killed their sons and daughters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
4003	106:39	dy5f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Their deeds defiled them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4004	106:39	b2u2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here David compares their unfaithfulness to Yahweh to the unfaithfulness of a prostitute. Alternate translation: “they were as unfaithful to Yahweh as prostitutes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4005	106:40	ef5t				0	“So Yahweh was angry with his people and despised them”
4006	106:41	wrc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “God allowed the nations to take control of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4007	106:41	ukn1				0	“people who hated them”
4008	106:42	q1ds		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “their enemies caused them to be subject to their authority” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4009	106:43	k223		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Here the phrase “brought low” means to be destroyed. Also, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “their sin ruined them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4010	106:44	mj3k				0	“Even though what I have just said is true, he.” See how you translated this in Psalms 106:8.
4011	106:44	ry5x				0	“their affliction” or “their suffering”
4012	106:45	try4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The phrase “call to mind” means to remember something. Alternate translation: “remembered” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4013	106:45	fi1e				0	“He … decided that because he still loved them very much he would not punish them”
4014	106:46	vqs1				0	“their captors.” This refers to the Isrealites’ enemies who had taken them captive.
4015	106:46	i4vh				0	“to be compassionate on them”
4016	106:47	p7rh				0	Here 106:48 is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 4 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 90 and ends with Psalm 106.
4017	106:47	n47s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here Yahweh is referred to by his “holy name.” Alternate translation: “to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4018	106:48	qmx9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May people praise Yahweh the God of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4019	106:48	qzy4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	This refers to two extremes and means for all time. See how you translated this in Psalms 41:13. Alternate translation: “for all eternity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
4020	107:intro	j88n				0	Psalm 107 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 107 is the last in a series of five psalms of praise to God (Psalm 103-107). Special concepts in this chapter Praise The psalmist praises Yahweh for saving people lost in the desert, in prison, sick, in a storm at sea, homeless and oppressed. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])
4021	107:1	h2en		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4022	107:1	he6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4023	107:2	p5ij		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	“The redeemed” refers to the people whom Yahweh has saved. Alternate translation: “those whom Yahweh has saved” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4024	107:2	j8q7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means to tell others about something. Alternate translation: “tell about what Yahweh has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4025	107:2	ftq5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the enemy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4026	107:3	vj8x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	Here the four directions are given to emphasize that he gather them from everywhere. Alternate translation: “from every direction” or “from every part of the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
4027	107:3	fu7j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	This describes the places that Yahweh gather his people from. Alternate translation: “he has gathered them from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4028	107:4	un2c				0	“Some people wandered”
4029	107:4	hnu5				0	“on a road that was in the desert”
4030	107:4	c3wb				0	“that they could live in”
4031	107:6	j2tf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. Alternate translation: “Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4032	107:6	xe6n				0	“their difficulties” or “their afflictions”
4033	107:8	cw6e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations		0	Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4034	107:8	a7ad				0	“for all people”
4035	107:9	v9jj				0	“For he gives water to those who desire it—to those who are thirsty”
4036	107:9	pk1w				0	“to those who are very hungry and desire food, he give them good things to eat”
4037	107:10	d8zk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that these are people that Yahweh has rescued. Alternate translation: “Yahweh also rescued people who sat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4038	107:10	pb1i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	Both “darkness” and “gloom” have basically the same meaning and are used to emphasize how dark the prison was. Alternate translation: “in complete darkness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4039	107:11	hv2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These phrases have similar meanings and emphasize how much they had rebelled again God, which is why they had been imprisoned. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4040	107:12	n1vf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the heart represents a person, but specifically his will. Alternate translation: “He humbled them by allowing them to suffer hardship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4041	107:12	pw85				0	Possible meanings are (1) “trouble” or (2) “hard labor.”
4042	107:12	rn21		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The word “stumbled” refers to times when these people got into very difficult situations. Alternate translation: “they got into trouble and there was no one to help them out of it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4043	107:13	ee2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in Psalms 107:6. Alternate translation: “Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4044	107:13	w6na				0	“difficulties” or “afflictions.” See how you translated this in Psalms 107:6
4045	107:13	qk74		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David describes Yahweh saving them from their distress as if their distress were a physical place that he was bringing them out of. Alternate translation: “he saved” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4046	107:14	h4hv				0	“Yahweh brought those in prison”
4047	107:14	ca58		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	Both “darkness” and “gloom” have basically the same meaning and are used to emphasize how dark the prison was. See how you translated this in Psalms 107:10. Alternate translation: “complete darkness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4048	107:15	hl74		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations		0	Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in Psalms 107:8. Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4049	107:16	xw9f				0	“because he”
4050	107:16	a9c5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both of these phrases describe Yahweh freeing his people from prison and are used to emphasize that Yahweh truly freed them. Alternate translation: “He freed his people from prison” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4051	107:17	cg19				0	“They were foolish in the way they rebelled against Yahweh”
4052	107:17	w525		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	“and they suffered.” Specifically they were afflicted by becoming sick. Alternate translation: “and they became sick” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4053	107:18	qkk6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the act of “dying” is described as a place, “the gates of death” Alternate translation: “they almost died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4054	107:19	h1yt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in Psalms 107:6. Alternate translation: “Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4055	107:20	q29l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here David describes Yahweh speaking as sending his words as if they were a messenger. Possible meanings are (1) “He commanded for them to be healed and they were healed” or (2) “He encouraged them and healed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4056	107:21	b9jy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations		0	Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in Psalms 107:8. Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4057	107:22	qpm7				0	“that show that they are thankful”
4058	107:22	ct4t				0	“by singing about them”
4059	107:23	w4vq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	They would sail to places and buy and sell things with the people there. Alternate translation: “selling things in cities far away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4060	107:25	h9pa				0	“he commanded the wind and caused it become a great windstorm that stirred up the sea”
4061	107:25	wyy3				0	a strong wind, like the wind that accompanies a strong rain storm
4062	107:25	j3g8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David describes the winds causing the waves to become high as if the wind was an object fiercely stirring something. Alternate translation: “that caused the waves of the sea to become very high” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4063	107:26	y5x4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This describes the ships rising and falling with the waves. The extremes of rising to the sky and falling to the depths are an exaggeration to express how horrible the windstorm was and how large the waves were. Alternate translation: “their ships would rise very high on the waves and then they would fall very low between the waves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
4064	107:26	jma2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom describes the sailors’ great fear. Alternate translation: “The men were terrified and greatly distressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4065	107:27	yjm2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The phrase “at their wit’s end” means that they did not know what to do. Alternate translation: “and they did not know what to do” or “they had no idea what to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4066	107:28	j371		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in Psalms 107:6. Alternate translation: “Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4067	107:28	i5p5				0	The word “they” refers to the sailors.
4068	107:28	jw4k				0	“he guided them”
4069	107:29	yp9j				0	“He made the wind stop”
4070	107:29	ca97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he made the waves still” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4071	107:30	pch1				0	“to the harbor where they wanted to go”
4072	107:31	bw2u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations		0	Here the word “Oh” is used to convey a strong desire for people to praise Yahweh. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in Psalms 107:8. Alternate translation: “Let people praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” or “People should praise Yahweh because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4073	107:32	r3mg				0	“when the elders sit together.” The elders sat together to discuss issues in the community and to make decisions for the community.
4074	107:33	ni1b				0	“Yahweh makes”
4075	107:34	d8df				0	“because the people that live there are wicked”
4076	107:35	iw79		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Both of these phrases have similar meaning and emphasize how Yahweh makes water appear in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “He make springs and lakes in land that used to be desert” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4077	107:36	h54c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The word “there” refers to the places where Yahweh made springs and lakes appear. Also, the phrase “the hungry” refers to people who are hungry. Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes people who are hungry live there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4078	107:37	u1tb				0	“to plant vineyards in”
4079	107:37	bsi7				0	“so that they can produce a plentiful harvest”
4080	107:38	rb6h				0	“so that their people are very numerous”
4081	107:38	ah11		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “He keeps their cattle very numerous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
4082	107:39	aqn7				0	The word “They” refers to the people who were hungry that Yahweh had settled in the land. This sentence describes how they were before Yahweh settled them in the land.
4083	107:39	x3qv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Their leaders diminished their number and brought them low” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4084	107:39	sl5d				0	“became fewer in number”
4085	107:39	fpr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means to be humiliated. Alternate translation: “humiliated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4086	107:40	k39h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David speaks of Yahweh showing contempt for the leaders as if contempt were a liquid he poured out on them. Alternate translation: “shows contempt for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4087	107:40	i78e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	“the nobles.” This refers to the leaders who oppressed the people. Alternate translation: “the leaders who oppressed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4088	107:40	b5e5				0	“where people never go”
4089	107:41	eaq2				0	“But Yahweh”
4090	107:41	a9fb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to needy people. Alternate translation: “needy people” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4091	107:41	n1pw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Here David compares how Yahweh cares for his people to how a shepherd cares for his sheep. Possible meanings are (1) “makes the number of people in their families increase like flocks” or (2) “takes care of them like a shepherd cares for his sheep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4092	107:42	j8l2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to people who live in an upright way. Alternate translation: “Upright people” or “People who do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4093	107:42	pa98		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here wicked people are referred to as “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “all wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4094	107:42	s6wb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means to not say anything in response. Alternate translation: “has nothing to say against Yahweh in reply” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4095	107:43	fk8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means to think about these things. Alternate translation: “think about these things” or “remember these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4096	107:43	u9kq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “meditate on the things that Yahweh has done that show that he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4097	108:intro	vpj5				0	Psalm 108 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 108 is a psalm of war. Special concepts in this chapter Victory God promised success to the psalmist, but Yahweh failed to help him conquer the country of Edom. He needed God to give him victory over Edom.
4098	108:1	lxd7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4099	108:1	c1mr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here David is referring to himself by his heart. Also, the word “fixed” means to trust completely. Alternate translation: “My heart is fixed on you, God” or “I am trusting completely in you, God” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4100	108:1	tuz7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here David is represented by his “heart.” David refers to himself as having the honor of praising God. Alternate translation: “You honor me by allowing me to sing praises to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4101	108:2	gl6h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here David describes playing his instruments as waking them up from sleep. Alternate translation: “I will praise you by playing the lute and the harp” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4102	108:2	dnf4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here David is describing the dawn waking up like a person waking up in the morning. Alternate translation: “I will be praising you when the dawn comes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4103	108:2	yj5i				0	when the sun rises
4104	108:4	ce4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have similar meanings. They speak of the greatness of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were objects that were tall enough to reach up to the sky. The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “For your covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness are greater than the distance between heaven and earth” or “For you are more faithful to your covenant and more worthy of people trusting you than the sky is higher than the earth” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4105	108:5	y6qh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist is asking God to show that he is exalted. Being exalted above the heavens represents being great. Alternate translation: “God, show that you are exalted above the heavens” or “God, show that you are great in the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4106	108:5	v9cz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here Yahweh is referred to by his “glory.” Alternate translation: “may you be exalted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4107	108:6	ewv5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Because those you love need rescuing” or “Rescue those you love” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4108	108:6	yda2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here Yahweh’s “right hand” refers to his power. Alternate translation: “by your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4109	108:6	m9rg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Answering here represents responding to his request. Alternate translation: “respond to my request” or “answer my prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4110	108:7	e11p				0	This verse is the same as Psalms 60:6.
4111	108:7	j6ax		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David describes God speaking something because he is holy as speaking “in his holiness,” as if his holiness were something that he was physically inside of. Alternate translation: “God, because he is holy, has said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4112	108:7	vkv8				0	Here God is speaking about dividing the land of Shechem and the Valley of Succoth.
4113	108:7	mr5j				0	to divide into portions
4114	108:8	tt4v				0	This verse is the same as Psalms 60:7.
4115	108:8	acw8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God speaks of the tribe of Ephraim as if it were his army. The helmet symbolizes equipment for war. Alternate translation: “Ephraim is like a helmet I have chosen” or “The tribe of Ephraim is my army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4116	108:8	sj9d				0	a hard hat that soldiers wear to protect their heads from injury
4117	108:8	yz46		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God chose men from the tribe of Judah to be the kings of his people, and he speaks of that tribe as if it were his scepter. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Judah is like my scepter” or “Judah is the tribe through whom I rule my people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4118	108:9	db77				0	This verse is the same as Psalms 60:8.
4119	108:9	xz1w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God speaks of Moab being unimportant as if Moab were a washbasin or a lowly servant. Alternate translation: “Moab is like a bowl that I use for washing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4120	108:9	n1ym		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God was probably speaking of taking ownership of Edom as if he were symbolically throwing his shoe onto that land to show that he owns it. However some versions have other interpretations. Alternate translation: “I take ownership of the land of Edom” or “I throw my shoe onto the land of Edom to show that it is mine” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
4121	108:10	ian9				0	This verse is the same as Psalms 60:9.
4122	108:11	f164				0	This verse is almost the same as Psalms 60:10.
4123	108:11	htl8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The psalmist uses this question to express his sadness that it seems that God has rejected them. Alternate translation: “It seems like you have rejected us!” or “God, you seem to have abandoned us!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4124	108:11	mze2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of God helping their army as if God were to go and fight with them. Alternate translation: “you do not help our army when we go into battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4125	108:12	h6li				0	This verse is the same as Psalms 60:11.
4126	108:12	va87				0	“is worthless”
4127	108:13	vs71				0	This verse is the same as Psalms 60:12.
4128	108:13	wk3a				0	“will defeat our enemies”
4129	108:13	a18r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of God helping their army defeat their enemies as if God were to trample down the enemies. Alternate translation: “he will enable us to trample down our enemies” or “he will make us able to defeat our enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4130	109:intro	r1w7				0	Psalm 109 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 109 is a psalm of vengeance against an enemy who has lied about him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]]) Special concepts in this chapter Enemies destroyed This enemy lied about the psalmist. So he asked God to completely destroy his enemy and his enemy’s family.
4131	109:1	w5rb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4132	109:1	ka6w				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
4133	109:2	tj2t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The words “wicked” and “deceitful” refer to people. They have similar meanings and emphasize how bad these people are. Alternate translation: “For wicked and deceitful men” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4134	109:4	e77p				0	“Although I loved them”
4135	109:4	p5ny				0	“my love for them”
4136	109:4	lek5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The word “they” refers to the people who are wicked and deceitful. You may need to make explicit that those who accuse the psalmist do so falsely. Alternate translation: “they accuse me falsely” or “they slander me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4137	109:6	p353		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases are parallel and the phrases “a wicked man” and “an accuser” refer to the same person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4138	109:6	axd7				0	“at my enemy’s right hand”
4139	109:7	li65		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When he is on trial, may the judge find him guilty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4140	109:7	sfk3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “consider his prayer sinful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4141	109:8	s7dn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The phrase “his days” refers to the length of his life. Alternate translation: “May he not live a long time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4142	109:8	nt3y				0	“his position of authority”
4143	109:10	d7fa				0	food or money given to beggars
4144	109:10	ba23				0	“their destroyed homes”
4145	109:11	s52u				0	someone who lends money to another person but expects that the person will pay the money back
4146	109:11	f7aq				0	steal by force
4147	109:13	i5qb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize his children being destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4148	109:13	hn3g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Cause his children to be cut off” or “Cause his children to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4149	109:13	i4f9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the idea of there being no one to carry on the family name is spoke of as “their name being blotted out.” Alternate translation: “may there be no one to carry on his name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4150	109:14	k5nj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May you remember the sins of his ancestors, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4151	109:14	hen7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May you not forget the sins that his mother committed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4152	109:15	bg71		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David speaks about Yahweh thinking about their guilt as if their guilt is something physically present before him. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh continually think about their sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4153	109:15	g7c5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	David uses the word “earth” to refer to all the people that live on the earth. Also, the phrase “their memory” refers to people remembering them after they have died. Alternate translation: “may Yahweh make it so that no one on earth remembers them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4154	109:16	yx2x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to him showing covenant faithfulness to people. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness to people” or “this man never did anything to show that he was faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4155	109:16	x4b8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to oppressed and needy people. Alternate translation: “oppressed people, needy people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4156	109:16	ju66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to people who are disheartened. Alternate translation: “disheartened people” or “people who have lost hope” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4157	109:16	qim3				0	“until they died.” This means that he harassed them until they died.
4158	109:17	va8l				0	“may his curses come upon him”
4159	109:18	msj4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David speaks of the wicked person’s behavior as if it were his clothing. Alternate translation: “He cursed other people as often as he wore clothing” or “He cursed people all the time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4160	109:18	dq39				0	“as if they were his clothing”
4161	109:18	h86c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are: (1) He spoke curses so often that they became a part of his identity. “the curses that he speaks are part of who he is” or (2) the curse that he spoke happened to him. “his whole being was cursed by the curse he spoke” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4162	109:18	h7bb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to how a person drinks water. Alternate translation: “like water a person drinks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4163	109:18	bkc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to how oil soaks into bones when rubbed on the skin. Alternate translation: “like olive oil soaks into a person’s bones when it is rubbed on his skin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4164	109:19	u676		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	People wore their clothes everyday. David speaks of a wicked person always being cursed as if his curses always covered him as his clothing does. Alternate translation: “Let his curses be on him every day like the garment he wears” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4165	109:19	j7lw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “may his curses be to him” are understood from the previous phrase. They may be repeated here. Alternate translation: “may his curses be to him like the belt he always wears” or “and let his curses always be on him like the belt he always wears” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4166	109:20	l5zl				0	“May these curses be the reward”
4167	109:21	a7fj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is a request for Yahweh to treat him kindly. Alternate translation: “treat me kindly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4168	109:21	zbn1				0	“the sake of your reputation”
4169	109:21	qx2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because you are good and are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4170	109:22	c385		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two words have similar meanings and emphasize that he is unable to help himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4171	109:22	b3t9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David speaks of being in great despair as his heart being wounded. Alternate translation: “I am full of grief and despair” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4172	109:23	gx1w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David feels like he is going to die soon and describes this feeling by comparing himself to a fading shadow and to how the wind blows away locust. Alternate translation: “I feel like I am about to die, like an evening shadow that will soon disappear, like a locust is easily blown away by the wind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4173	109:24	b9m1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This means that he is weak and it is difficult for him to stand. Alternate translation: “I have difficulty standing” or “My body is weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4174	109:24	v9cy				0	“because I am not eating any food”
4175	109:24	i7xf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means that he has lost a lot of weight. Alternate translation: “my body has become very thin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4176	109:25	li9g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My accusers ridicule me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4177	109:25	qvc7				0	This is an act of disapproval.
4178	109:26	u86i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “save me because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4179	109:27	hv1a				0	The word “they” refers to David’s accusers and the people who say bad things about him.
4180	109:27	j58d				0	“have saved me”
4181	109:28	acp8				0	The word “they” refers to the people who accuse David and say bad things about him.
4182	109:28	ryv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may they be ashamed” or “let them be ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4183	109:28	u9an				0	“but may I, your servant, rejoice” or “I am your servant, let me rejoice.” David uses the phrase “your servant” to refer to himself.
4184	109:29	mfp7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrase have them same meaning and are used together for emphasize how greatly he wishes for them to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4185	109:29	qa66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David speaks of them being ashamed as if were clothing they wore. Alternate translation: “be very ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4186	109:29	xhb9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	David speaks of them being ashamed as if it were a robe that they wore. Alternate translation: “may their shame cover them just like their robe is wrapped around them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4187	109:30	d8ig		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means that he will speak. Alternate translation: “I will speak and give” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4188	109:31	pa49		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This means that he will help and defend the poor person. Alternate translation: “will defend the one who is needy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4189	110:intro	h1ti				0	Psalm 110 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 110 is a psalm honoring the king as he becomes king and also a prophecy about Christ. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) Special concepts in this chapter King The king will be able to conquer his enemies. Christ is seen as both high priest and king. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])
4190	110:1	u94e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4191	110:1	xte6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	The phrase “my right hand” refers to the place of honor. Alternate translation: “Sit at the place of honor which I have for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4192	110:1	ke66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here David describes Yahweh placing his master’s enemies under his power and control as putting them under his feet like a footstool. Alternate translation: “put your enemies under your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4193	110:2	m67u				0	David continues speaking to the king.
4194	110:2	pjk3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here David speaks of Yahweh extending the area that the king rules as holding out his scepter. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will extend the area over which you powerfully rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4195	110:2	s6mj				0	“King, rule among your enemies.” This is spoken to the king as a command.
4196	110:3	v9sn				0	“by their own choice.” This means that they will chose to follow the king.
4197	110:3	m1bp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to the day that the king will lead his armies into battle. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “on the day that you lead your armies into battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4198	110:3	nr17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	David describes the dew as a baby to whom the dawn gives birth. Alternate translation: “in the morning … like the dew” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4199	110:3	t8fr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David is telling the king that he will have youthful strength each morning by comparing it to how the dew appears early each morning. Alternate translation: “each morning you will be filled with youthful strength to sustain you just like each morning the dew appears to water and sustain the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4200	110:4	ng77				0	Yahweh is speaking to the lord, the one David calls “my master” in Psalms 110:1.
4201	110:4	c4te		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This means that he will not change what he has said. Alternate translation: “will not change his mind” or “will not change what he has said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4202	110:4	qp9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The idea of being priest is understood from the previous phrase. It can be stated clearly here. Alternate translation: “after the manner that Melchizedek was priest” or “in the same way that Melchizedek was priest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4203	110:5	icc3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	When the lord goes to battle, Yahweh stands at his right hand in order to help him. Alternate translation: “The Lord helps you in battle” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4204	110:5	e4t4				0	The word “Lord” refers to Yahweh.
4205	110:5	ij3w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “He” refers to Yahweh. He will cause the kings to be defeated and die, but he will allow the king’s armies to kill the enemy kings. Alternate translation: “He will cause the kings to die” or “He will allow your armies to kill the kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4206	110:5	d7kw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This refers to his enemies. Alternate translation: “enemy kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4207	110:5	zlj4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Here David speaks of the day when Yahweh will become angry and defeat the kings as “the day of his anger.” Alternate translation: “on the day of judgment when his patience turns to anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4208	110:6	zrf1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This means that Yahweh will cause this to happen, not that he will personally kill all of the people who die on the battleground. Alternate translation: “he will cause the battlegrounds to be filled with death bodies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4209	110:6	sc5q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This means that Yahweh will cause this to happen, not that he will personally kill the leaders. Alternate translation: “he will cause the leaders in many countries to be killed” or “he will allow the leaders in many countries to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4210	110:7	uw7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The king only stops briefly for a drink and then he continues the pursuit of his enemies. Alternate translation: “As he pursues his enemies, he will only stop to drink quickly from a brook” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4211	110:7	mb7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This means the he will drink water from the brook. A brook is a small stream. Alternate translation: “he will drink water from the brook” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4212	110:7	hi2c				0	“and so” or “therefore”
4213	110:7	qf91				0	Possible meanings are (1) the king lifts up his own head or (2) Yahweh lifts up the head of the king.
4214	110:7	c1xr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	People raised their heads when they are victorious, confident, and joyful. Alternate translation: “he will confidently lift his head after victory” or “he will be victorious” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4215	111:intro	mk5d				0	Psalm 111 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 111 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles and care. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s character God is great. He has given his people food and a land always keeps his promises to his people. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
4216	111:1	gj78		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4217	111:1	ydq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “heart” represents the person’s entire inner being and emotions. Alternate translation: “with all that I am” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4218	111:1	wk3i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two phrases mean that same thing and may be combined if necessary. Alternate translation: “in the gathering of upright people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4219	111:2	t1nm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	The word “them” refers to the “works of Yahweh.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all those who desire the works of Yahweh eagerly await them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4220	111:2	hfu9				0	Possible meanings are (1) “sought after” or (2) “studied.”
4221	111:4	iu4t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that people will always remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4222	111:5	b5ar		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom that means to remember. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4223	111:6	xr2m				0	“his works that demonstrated his power”
4224	111:6	v69n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the land that belonged to the nations in Canaan as if it were their inheritance. Alternate translation: “the land that belonged to other nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4225	111:7	t14c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “hands” refers to Yahweh, himself. Alternate translation: “The works that he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4226	111:8	aj31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This means that Yahweh’s instructions are unchangeable and will last forever. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He has established them forever” or “They will last forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4227	111:8	shk9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh has given his instructions in a faithful and proper manner or (2) his people are to observe Yahweh’s instructions in a faithful and proper manner. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for his people to observe them faithfully and properly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4228	111:9	e4zm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” refers to Yahweh, himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is holy and awesome” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4229	111:10	x95h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “wisdom” can be translated as “wise.” Alternate translation: “the first step to becoming wise” or “the most important thing to become wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4230	111:10	rv8i				0	“those who obey his instructions”
4231	111:10	vh6q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “praise” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “People will praise him forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4232	112:intro	s165				0	Psalm 112 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 112 is a wisdom psalm teaching the value of a righteous life. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) Special concepts in this chapter Righteous people The righteous people will be well-known for their generosity and they will not have to worry about bad news because God is taking care of them.
4233	112:1	m17p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4234	112:1	s1nc				0	“takes great pleasure”
4235	112:2	yd3e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless the descendants of the godly man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4236	112:3	n3wd				0	The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh.
4237	112:3	uu3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “house” represents the family. The words “Wealth” and “riches” mean basically the same thing and indicate an abundance of wealth. Alternate translation: “His family is very wealthy” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4238	112:4	kw55		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God blessing the godly person in difficult times as if it were a light shining in darkness. Alternate translation: “The blessings that a godly person receives from God are like a light that shines in the darkness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4239	112:5	q9qm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The understood information can be made clear. Alternate translation: “lends his money to other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4240	112:6	p13c				0	The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh.
4241	112:6	vvk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	he will not be troubled or overwhelmed by circumstances for his trust is in Yahweh? This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For nothing will ever move him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4242	112:6	d3ji		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will remember the righteous person forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4243	112:8	p92s				0	The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh.
4244	112:8	b8q2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	“His heart is supported.” Here the word “heart” refers to the person. Possible meanings are (1) “He is at peace” or (2) “He is confident” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4245	112:9	yw9m				0	“his righteous deeds will endure forever.” See how you translated this in Psalms 112:3.
4246	112:9	d44a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will exalt him by giving him honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4247	112:10	rn5k				0	“will see that things go well for the godly person.” The word “this” refers to everything good that the writer has described in the previous verses about the godly person.
4248	112:10	c3ev		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	The grinding of teeth is an expression of extreme anger. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 35:16. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
4249	112:10	xx9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the wicked person’s eventual death as if that person were something, such as ice, that can melt. Alternate translation: “eventually die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4250	112:10	ig26		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Possible meanings of “desire” are (1) the emotional desire that wicked people have. Alternate translation: “the things that wicked people want to do will never happen” or (2) it is a metonym for the things that wicked people have desired. Alternate translation: “wicked people will lose the things that they desired” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4251	113:intro	p4uj				0	Psalm 113 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 113 is a psalm of praise to God for his goodness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s help God helps the poor and gives children to the wife who cannot conceive children.
4252	113:1	qx3m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4253	113:1	pvw9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” represents Yahweh, himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4254	113:3	fc3w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	This phrase refers to the directions east, where the sun rises, and west, where the sun sets. The writer uses these two extremes to represent everywhere on earth. See how you translated this in Psalms 50:1. Alternate translation: “Everywhere on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
4255	113:3	l5e2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” represents Yahweh, himself. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people should praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4256	113:4	s2f9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The glory of God is spoken of as if it was very high. Alternate translation: “his glory is higher than the skies” or “his glory is enormously great” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4257	113:5	wih3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This is the first part of a rhetorical question that the writer asks to emphasize that there is no one like Yahweh. It may be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one like Yahweh our God, who has his seat on high” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4258	113:5	q76s				0	“who is enthroned on high” or “who rules in the highest position”
4259	113:6	ig92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This is the second part of a rhetorical question that the writer asks to emphasize that there is no one like Yahweh. It may be translated as a statement that begins a new sentence. Alternate translation: “There is no one like Yahweh our God, who looks down at the sky and at the earth.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4260	113:7	d8bp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases are parallel. The writer speaks of Yahweh helping and honoring people who are poor as if Yahweh caused them to stand up from sitting in dirt and ashes. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4261	113:7	rib6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	Sitting in dirt and ashes represents either poverty or despair. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
4262	113:8	ztn3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Here the second phrase clarifies that the first phrase refers to the princes of Yahweh’s people. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh may seat him next to rulers of his people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4263	113:9	c3e3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “home” refers to the children that live in a home. Alternate translation: “He gives children to the woman who had none” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4264	114:intro	vu9f				0	Psalm 114 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 114 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles in bringing the people of Israel to the promised land. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) Special concepts in this chapter Praise The psalmist praised God for opening up the Red Sea for the people to cross, for providing the earthquake that stopped the Jordan River so the people could cross and providing water from a rock for the people to drink.
4265	114:1	eph8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4266	114:1	d4dj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two lines are parallel, with “Israel” and “the house of Jacob” meaning the same thing and “Egypt” and “that foreign people” referring to the same people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4267	114:1	trv6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “house” here represents the family or descendents. The verb may be supplied to this phrase. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jacob left people who spoke a language that the descendants of Jacob did not understand” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4268	114:2	rxv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Possible meanings for “Judah” and “Israel” are (1) they refer to the land. Alternate translation: “The land of Judah became Yahweh’s holy place, the land of Israel became his kingdom” or (2) they are metonyms for the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah became those among whom Yahweh lived, the people of Israel became those over whom he ruled” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4269	114:3	pq6x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of the Sea of Reeds as if it were a person who fled away as Yahweh led the people of Israel through on dry ground. Alternate translation: “It was as though the sea looked and fled” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4270	114:3	wht9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of the Jordan River as if it were a person who retreated as Yahweh led the people of Israel through on dry ground. Alternate translation: “it was as though the Jordan retreated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4271	114:4	hr5q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of the mountains and hills as if they are alive. He is probably speaking of an earthquake when he describes their fear at the presence of Yahweh as if they were jumping like rams and lambs. Alternate translation: “It was as if the mountains shook like jumping rams and the hills shook like jumping lambs” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4272	114:5	a5rh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	Verses 5-6 contain four rhetorical questions. The expected answer to each question is found in verse 7, “because of the presence of the Lord.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4273	114:6	m256		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of the mountains and hills as if they are alive. He is probably speaking of an earthquake when he describes their fear at the presence of Yahweh as if they were jumping like rams and lambs. See how you translated similar phrases in Psalms 114:4. Alternate translation: “shake like jumping rams … shake like jumping lambs” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4274	114:7	xi33		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	The last two phrases are parallel. The verb may be supplied in the second line. Alternate translation: “Tremble, earth, before the Lord, tremble at the presence of the God of Jacob” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4275	114:7	k6tn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Possible meanings are (1) the writer is speaking to the earth as if it were a person and commands it to tremble with fear before God or (2) the word “earth” is a metonym for those who live on the earth. Alternate translation: “Tremble, everyone one earth” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4276	114:8	u6n5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases are parallel. The writer describes Yahweh causing water to flow from the rock as if he turned the rock into water. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4277	114:8	ca4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “He turned the hard rock into a spring of water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4278	115:intro	it4i				0	Psalm 115 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 115 is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s power God is in heaven and is able to do whatever he wants. Idols can not do anything. Therefore, people and priests should trust God for their protection. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
4279	115:1	i2ig		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4280	115:1	l7ze		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The writer repeats the phrase “Not to us” in order to emphasize that they are not worthy to receive the honor that is due only to Yahweh. If necessary, a verbal phrase may be supplied here. Alternate translation: “Do not bring honor to us, Yahweh” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4281	115:1	a1ln				0	The word “us” refers to the people of Israel.
4282	115:1	xrr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” represents Yahweh, himself. Alternate translation: “but bring honor to yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4283	115:1	ckd9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4284	115:2	frw2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This rhetorical question emphasizes that there should be no reason for the nations to say what they say. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The people of the nations should not be able to say, ‘Where is their God?’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4285	115:2	ya4w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The people of other nations use this question to mock the people of Israel and to express that they do not see Yahweh helping them. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your God is not here to help you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4286	115:4	ums8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “hands” represents the people who made the idols. Alternate translation: “things which men have made” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4287	115:5	p4em		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The idols do not have real mouths, eyes, ears, or noses. Rather, people made them with the likeness of mouths, eyes, ears, and noses. The writer is emphasizing that these idols are not really alive. You can make clear the implied information. Alternate translation: “People have given mouths to those idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4288	115:7	n3bn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The idols do not have real hands, feet, or mouths. Rather, people made them with the likeness of hands, feet, and mouths. The writer is emphasizing that these idols are not really alive. You can make this implicit information clear. Alternate translation: “People have given hands to those idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4289	115:7	ak88				0	“but those hands do not feel”
4290	115:8	x5i2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	Those who make and worship idols become lifeless and powerless, just like those idols. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who make them become lifeless like they are, as does everyone who trusts in them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4291	115:9	tqr6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “People of Israel, trust in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4292	115:9	l1tq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh as if he were a shield because he protects his people as a shield would protect them from harm. Alternate translation: “the one who helps you and protects you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4293	115:10	fa9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “House” represents the family or descendants. This phrase refers to the priests, who were descendants of Aaron. Alternate translation: “Descendants of Aaron” or “Priests” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4294	115:12	sbd2				0	“has paid attention to us”
4295	115:12	bns5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to the people of Israel, who are descendants of Jacob, who also called Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4296	115:12	bu8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to the priests, who are descendants of Aaron. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Aaron” or “the priests” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4297	115:13	j4vy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	“both small and great.” Possible meanings are that this refers (1) to social status or (2) to age. In either case, the two extremes represent every person, regardless of age or social status. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
4298	115:14	fg71		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The writer is speaking of the number of children that the people of Israel would have. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh increase the number of your children more and more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4299	115:14	ezp4				0	“both your children and your descendants’ children.” The writer clarifies that his request for more children applies not only to the present generation, but to their descendants, as well.
4300	115:15	psd5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh, who made heaven and earth, bless you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4301	115:16	qu64				0	This does not mean that the earth does not belong to Yahweh, but that has given the earth to mankind as a dwelling place.
4302	115:17	n4er		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The adjective “dead” may be translated with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “People who are dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4303	115:17	m2zu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	This parallel phrase has a similar meaning to phrase before it. The verb may be supplied from that previous phrase to make the meaning clear. Alternate translation: “nor do any who go down into silence praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4304	115:17	hd34		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the grave or the place of the dead as a place of silence where no one can speak. This is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “nor do any who go to the place of the dead” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
4305	115:18	m43y				0	The word “we” refers to the people of Israel who are still alive.
4306	116:intro	r7gl				0	Psalm 116 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 116 is a psalm of praise for saving the psalmist’s life. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) Special concepts in this chapter Healing The author was very sick and expected to die but God healed him. So he will pay his vow and sacrifice an offering of thanks. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])
4307	116:1	y25k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4308	116:1	w8ar		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “voice” represents the person who is speaking. The abstract nouns “pleas” and “mercy” can be stated as “plead” and “merciful.” Alternate translation: “he hears me when I plead for him to be merciful to me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4309	116:3	vib3				0	The person who composed this psalm continues to speak.
4310	116:3	mte5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of death as if it were a person who could capture him and bind him with ropes. See how you translated this in Psalms 18:4. Alternate translation: “I felt like I was about to die” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4311	116:3	w8sp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of “Sheol,” the place of the dead, as if it were a person who could trap him with snares. Alternate translation: “I felt as if I were ready to enter the grave” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4312	116:4	sp5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “called out to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4313	116:4	uq14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “life” represents the person. Alternate translation: “rescue me” or “keep me from dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4314	116:5	u5i7				0	The person who made this song continues to speak.
4315	116:6	wd2c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to people who are inexperienced or who cannot care for themselves. The adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “those who are naive” or “those who are helpless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4316	116:6	ll37		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of being humbled as in being in a lower position. Alternate translation: “I was helpless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4317	116:7	xns9				0	The person who composed this psalm continues to speak.
4318	116:7	sc4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of having peace and confidence as if it were a place where his soul can rest. The word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “I can rest in peace again” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4319	116:8	x6na		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “you” refers to Yahweh. The word “life” represents the person. Alternate translation: “you have saved me from death” or “you have kept me from dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4320	116:8	i9p2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase to make the meaning clear. Alternate translation: “you have rescued my eyes from tears” or “you have kept me from crying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4321	116:8	b6lj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase to make the meaning clear. The feet here represent the person. Stumbling here probably represents being killed by his enemies. Alternate translation: “you have rescued me from stumbling” or “you have kept me from being killed by my enemies” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4322	116:9	rz6b				0	The person who composed this psalm continues to speak.
4323	116:9	nz3e				0	“in this world where people are alive.” This is in contrast to the place of the dead.
4324	116:10	v8l2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I suffer greatly” or “People afflict me very much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4325	116:11	i5hw				0	“I said too quickly” or “I said without considering”
4326	116:11	m4td				0	“Every person is a liar” or “All people are liars”
4327	116:12	e1wh				0	The person who made this song continues to speak.
4328	116:12	vxb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer asks this leading question to introduce how he will respond to what Yahweh has done for him. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is how I will repay Yahweh … to me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4329	116:13	s8vs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This is probably a reference to a drink offering, which was a sacrifice that involved pouring wine on the altar, and which the writer will offer in response to Yahweh saving him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will present a drink offering to Yahweh because he saved me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4330	116:13	fa8n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “call on Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4331	116:15	brj4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The word “Precious” here does not imply that Yahweh values the death of his saints, but that the death of his saints is costly to him and grieves him. Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh considers the death of his saints to be a costly thing” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4332	116:16	gx5d				0	The person who composed this psalm continues to speak.
4333	116:16	xp66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This is likely a reference to the writer’s mother and indicates that she faithfully worshiped Yahweh. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “as my mother was” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4334	116:16	r6jc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of being in danger of dying as if he had been chained in prison. Alternate translation: “you have saved me from death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4335	116:17	nqi1				0	“a sacrifice to express my thankfulness”
4336	116:17	qr1l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “will call on Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4337	116:18	tj19				0	The person who made this song continues to speak.
4338	116:18	ttr5				0	See how you translated Psalms 116:14.
4339	116:19	u16b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “house” refers to Yahweh’s temple. Alternate translation: “in the courtyards of Yahweh’s temple” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4340	116:19	hv6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks to Jerusalem as though it were a person. Alternate translation: “in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
4341	117:intro	kfu1				0	Psalm 117 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 117 is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapter Praise Everyone should praise God for his love and unending faithfulness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
4342	117:1	wmd2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4343	117:2	ce43				0	“Because his”
4344	117:2	t4z5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he does great things for us because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4345	117:2	uht9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be translated with an adjective or a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “Yahweh remains trustworthy forever” or “Yahweh will forever be worthy of people trusting him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4346	118:intro	z9au				0	Psalm 118 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 118 is a psalm of war and is about Christ. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) Special concepts in this chapter Rejected stone The author praised Yahweh for his rescuing him. God enabled him to overpower his enemies. The new Testament, and even Jesus himself, saw the rejected stone as a reference to the Messiah’s rejection by the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])
4347	118:1	g414		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4348	118:1	af6g				0	“Thank Yahweh because of the good things he does”
4349	118:1	qcw2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4350	118:2	zs4m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Let the people of Israel say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4351	118:3	cy9b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “house” represents the family and descendants of a person. This phrase refers to the priests, who were descendants of Aaron. Alternate translation: “Let the descendants of Aaron say” or “Let the priests say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4352	118:3	iu6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in Psalms 118:1-2. Alternate translation: “He remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4353	118:4	e43s				0	“those who fear Yahweh” or “those who worship Yahweh”
4354	118:5	j39j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh saving him from distress as if Yahweh had taken him from a place of confinement to a wide open space where he could move about freely. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4355	118:6	eux4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is nothing that man can do to hurt him since Yahweh is with him. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “people cannot do anything to harm me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4356	118:7	j4le		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	To be on one’s side is an idiomatic expression that indicates that that person approves of and will help another. Alternate translation: “Yahweh approves of me and will help me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4357	118:7	k4dj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that Yahweh is the one who will defeat the writer’s enemies, while the writer looks on. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “I will see Yahweh defeating all those who hate me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4358	118:8	c7t1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God is spoken of as if he were a shelter, a place where people can be protected. Alternate translation: “to seek protection from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4359	118:9	rm2b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This verse is parallel to the one preceding it. God is spoken of as if he were a refuge, a place where people can be protected. Alternate translation: “to seek protection from Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4360	118:10	f41h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “nations” represents the armies of those nations. The writer uses hyperbole to emphasize the great number of armies that surrounded him. Alternate translation: “The armies of many nations” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
4361	118:10	hvq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “by Yahweh’s power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4362	118:10	tc44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of defeating the enemy armies as if he were cutting them off like a person would cut a branch off of a plant. Alternate translation: “I defeated them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4363	118:12	j3q1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer compares the enemy armies to a swarm of bees. Alternate translation: “They surrounded me like a swarm of bees would surround a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4364	118:12	j2cs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Just like dry thorns burn out quickly, the attack of the enemy armies was quickly over. Alternate translation: “their attack lasted only a short time, as a fire that consumes thorns quickly dies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4365	118:13	y5sd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the enemy armies trying to defeat him as if they were trying to push him down onto the ground. Alternate translation: “in order to defeat me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4366	118:14	r27j				0	“Yahweh gives me strength and joy”
4367	118:15	y8x1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People hear the joyful shout of victory in the tents of the righteous” or “The righteous shout joyfully for victory in their tents” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4368	118:15	yq3x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has conquered by his great strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4369	118:16	p8gg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	Here, to raise one’s hand is a gesture of victory. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has exalted his right hand” or “Yahweh has raised his right hand in victory” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4370	118:17	t6ql		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The writer states the same idea both negatively and positively to emphasize that he will certainly live. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4371	118:18	ta77				0	“Yahweh has disciplined me”
4372	118:18	f92a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of death as if it were a person under whose power Yahweh could place the writer. Alternate translation: “he has not allowed me to die” or “he has not allowed my enemies to kill me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4373	118:19	h3z5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	“Open to me the gates through which the righteous people enter.” This is a reference to the gates of the temple, and the writer is addressing the gatekeepers. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Open for me the temple gates” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4374	118:20	auq4				0	“the gate that leads to Yahweh’s presence” or “Yahweh’s gate”
4375	118:21	u256				0	Here the writer begins to speak to Yahweh.
4376	118:21	dqj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “salvation” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “you have saved me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4377	118:22	kk3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs		0	This is likely a proverb that the writer has used to describe either the king or the nation of Israel. That which others have considered worthless, Yahweh has made to be the most important. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
4378	118:23	ta5n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	Possible meanings are (1) “it is a marvelous thing for us to see” or (2) “we consider it to be a marvelous thing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4379	118:24	k6jd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. Alternate translation: “be very glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4380	118:26	wj3i				0	Here the priests begin to address the king.
4381	118:26	iq2u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “the one who comes in the power of the Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4382	118:26	eh79				0	Here the priests address the people.
4383	118:26	lp9e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “house” refers to the temple. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s temple” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4384	118:27	l5mq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh blessing his people as if Yahweh were shining a light on them. Alternate translation: “he has blessed us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4385	118:27	r4wh				0	“tie the sacrifice with rope”
4386	118:28	rb4j				0	Here the writer begins to speak again and addresses Yahweh directly.
4387	118:29	b2wp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations		0	This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
4388	118:29	vx5j				0	“thank Yahweh because of the good things he does.” See how you translated this in Psalms 118:1.
4389	118:29	k1qj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in Psalms 118:1-2. Alternate translation: “he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4390	119:intro	yf89				0	Psalm 119 General Notes Formatting in this chapter This is an alphabetic psalm with twenty-two groups of eight verses each all beginning with the same letter of the alphabet in the alphabetical order of the Hebrew alphabet. Type of psalm Psalm 119 is a wisdom psalm about the Law of God. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) Special concepts in this chapter The Law The author loved the law of God and was blessed by obeying it. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
4391	119:1	ipj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4392	119:1	r86i				0	“How good it is for those”
4393	119:1	a56q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	How a person behaves is spoken of as “ways” or “paths.” Alternate translation: “those whose behavior is blameless” or “those whom no one can blame for doing wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4394	119:1	sjt3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The way a person lives or behaves is spoken of as walking. Alternate translation: “who live according to the law of Yahweh” or “who obey the law of Yahweh.” This phrase clarifies the meaning of “whose ways are blameless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4395	119:2	wxv2				0	To “seek” God means to want to know him.
4396	119:2	r3jr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom which means intensely or sincerely. Alternate translation: “with all their being” or “with everything in them” or “sincerely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4397	119:3	c892				0	Most of this psalm is addressed to God, and the words “you” and “your” almost always refer to him.
4398	119:3	f4is				0	They do not disobey Yahweh.
4399	119:3	rps7				0	“they walk in Yahweh’s ways.” Here their behavior is spoken of as “walking,” and the way God wants them to behave is spoken of as “his ways.” Alternate translation: “they behave as Yahweh wants them to”
4400	119:4	a6ze				0	“obey all the things that you have declared that we should do”
4401	119:4	w8v4				0	This is to carefully know and understand the commandments and to obey those commandments.
4402	119:5	gu12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of being established in God’s commandments as if no one could physically make him move. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4403	119:5	eqk4				0	“in obeying your statutes”
4404	119:6	v2e6				0	The writer does not want to be ashamed when he is in God’s presence.
4405	119:6	ecl7				0	“all that you have commanded us”
4406	119:7	hd5j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	“a sincere heart.” A person who is sincere will do what is right. The heart refers to the center of emotions in a person. See how you translated “uprightness” in Psalms 25:21. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4407	119:8	v49a				0	“Statutes” refers to God’s laws or commands.
4408	119:9	lp29		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	This question is used to introduce a new value to the word of God. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is how a young person can keep his path pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4409	119:9	gm1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer compares living according to God’s law as a path kept clear of obstructions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4410	119:10	h5t8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. The heart refers to all of one’s emotions, feelings, desires, and will. Alternate translation: “with all my being” or “with everything in me” or “sincerely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4411	119:10	kqg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here to disobey God’s commandments is described as straying off a path. Alternate translation: “Do not let me disobey your commandments” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4412	119:11	f3ke		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“I have put your words in my heart.” This is a metaphor that means “I have memorized your word.” The heart is pictured as a container that can hold what people think. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4413	119:14	ktv7				0	“more than all the wealth”
4414	119:15	e5hd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These are parallel thoughts that have similar meanings, which are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4415	119:15	v9ru				0	“think carefully about what you have instructed us”
4416	119:15	rb5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom refers to thinking clearly about what is being discussed. Alternate translation: “give careful thought” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4417	119:16	il7r				0	to take pleasure
4418	119:17	fr7n				0	The writer called himself “your servant” to show his humility.
4419	119:18	jpj2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The author speaks of gaining understanding, knowledge and wisdom as being able to see. Alternate translation: Help me to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4420	119:18	d25d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The author speaks of insight into the law as objects to marvel at. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4421	119:18	a35a				0	“in your instructions” or “in your commands”
4422	119:19	att5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) the writers speaks of his short life on earth as if he were a foreigner who would not stay long in the land. Alternate translation: “I am like a foreigner living a short time in the land” or (2) the writer’s ignorance of God’s law as if he were a foreigner who did not know the laws of the land. Alternate translation: “I am ignorant like a foreigner in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4423	119:20	y84c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of his desires being very strong as if they were in pain. Alternate translation: “My inner being strongly desires to know” or “My soul aches because I want so much to know” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4424	119:21	r8y6				0	Possible meanings are that (1) God will curse them or (2) they deserve God’s punishment. Alternate translation: “who deserve your punishment”
4425	119:21	k8t4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of disobeying God’s commandments as if they were a path that can be wandered off from. Alternate translation: “who go away from the path of your commandments” or “who disobey your commandments” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4426	119:22	nqp7				0	“Keep me from” or “Rescue me from”
4427	119:23	z9ci				0	“Though rulers make plans to harm me and say bad things about me”
4428	119:24	pb1g				0	“Your covenant decrees make me very happy.”
4429	119:24	rta6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	God’s decrees are spoken of as if they were people. Alternate translation: “they are like wise counselors to me” or “they give me wise counsel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4430	119:25	v3c7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Possible meanings are that (1) he thought that he would die soon, or (2) he lay in the dust because he was very sad, or (3) he realized that he desired the worthless things of the earth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4431	119:25	cn62		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Here “life” refers to purpose and significance, not just biological life. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4432	119:25	ks95				0	“according to your promise”
4433	119:26	u8j6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	What a person does or how he behaves is spoken of as if it were a road or way. Alternate translation: “what I have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4434	119:27	x7qh				0	“amazing teachings”
4435	119:28	n45q				0	“because I am so sad”
4436	119:28	n4h6				0	“Make me strong.” This may refer to physical strength or spiritual strength.
4437	119:29	n1pn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The word “path” here refers to a way of behaving. Alternate translation: “Keep me from following the path of deceit” or “Prevent me from being deceptive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4438	119:29	p23d				0	Possible meanings are (1) “lying” or (2) “believing lies” or “following lies.”
4439	119:30	u8gw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	How a person behaves or acts is spoken as if it were a road or way. Alternate translation: “to be faithful to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4440	119:31	hf1b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Holding tightly to them refers to being committed to obeying them. Alternate translation: “I hold tightly to your covenant decrees” or “I am committed to obeying your covenant decrees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4441	119:31	zc7g				0	This refers to the law of Moses.
4442	119:32	zq4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of being focused or committed to obeying God’s commands as if one is running on a path. Alternate translation: “I will be committed to obey your commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4443	119:32	fzh3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Possible meanings are (1) “you help me gain greater understanding of your commands” or (2) “you give me greater desire to obey your commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4444	119:33	eg16				0	This is another way of describing the law of Moses.
4445	119:33	j4dt				0	Possible meanings are (1) “completely” or (2) “to the end of my life” or (3) “to the end of time.”
4446	119:34	uwv4				0	“obey your law”
4447	119:34	r2ux				0	“I will surely observe your law” or “I am completely committed to doing what it says”
4448	119:34	ij5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “with all my being” or “with everything in me” or “sincerely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4449	119:35	bh21		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“Guide me according to your commandments” or “Teach me to obey your commandments.” God’s commandments are compared to a path that a person walks in obedience to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4450	119:36	uc28		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. The “heart” here refers to the will, desires, and choices that directs one’s life. Alternate translation: “Make me want” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4451	119:36	vct5				0	“to obey your covenant decrees.” This is referring to obeying the law of Moses.
4452	119:36	ah76				0	“the desire for riches.” This is referring to wealth gained by illegal methods or wrongdoing towards others.
4453	119:37	t9za		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is a metaphor that refers to one desiring things that have no eternal value. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4454	119:37	vdd9				0	“make me able to live as you wish me to live”
4455	119:37	xeu1				0	“make my life strong” or “give me strength”
4456	119:38	yk2j				0	“Do for your servant what you promised to do for those who honor you”
4457	119:38	x2tw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The writer referred to himself as God’s servant to show his humility. Alternate translation: “me, your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4458	119:39	yau8				0	“I am very afraid of”
4459	119:39	mk9g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	God judges rightly and his decisions are good. Alternate translation: “Your judgments are righteous and good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4460	119:40	yl75				0	This refers to being aware of the situation. The focus is on knowledge or understanding, rather than just observing.
4461	119:40	d8v4				0	Possible meanings are (1) “I want very much to know your instructions” or (2) “I want very much to obey what you teach us to do.”
4462	119:40	pr5m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “righteousness” is an abstract noun and refers to being righteous. Alternate translation: “revive me because you are righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4463	119:40	ci53				0	Possible meanings are (1) “Keep me alive” or (2) “Make me strong.”
4464	119:41	fa7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	You may make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “give me your salvation” or “save me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4465	119:42	vms5				0	“an answer” or “a response”
4466	119:43	j9dg				0	Here the writer is represented by his “mouth.” Possible meanings are (1) “never prevent me from speaking the message about the truth” or (2) “never prevent me from speaking the true message.”
4467	119:44	mp4n				0	“I will obey”
4468	119:45	lq9x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	To walk securely is to live one’s life securely. Alternate translation: “I will live securely in God” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4469	119:45	h23e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	To “seek” is to perceive, or gain understanding of God’s instructions as if one can see them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4470	119:46	uj95				0	“serious commands to kings” or “instructions to kings”
4471	119:47	y49b				0	Possible meanings are (1) “I find delight in studying your commandments” or (2) “I am delighted that I have the opportunity to study your commandments.”
4472	119:48	v87b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom which means to honor, cherish or respect God’s commandments. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4473	119:49	gb3p				0	“Remember your promise.” See how you translated this in Psalms 20:3
4474	119:50	mlp7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences		0	This clause can be restructured. Alternate translation: “The reason for my comfort is that your promise has kept me alive in my affliction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]])
4475	119:51	n3rr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “The proud people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4476	119:51	f89y				0	to mock someone or something that is looked down on, doubted, or not honored
4477	119:52	nhe2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This is a reference to when the decrees, the Law, were given to Moses many years before. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4478	119:53	x2f1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Anger is expressed as if it is a person that can grab another person. Alternate translation: “I have become very angry” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4479	119:54	t7xf				0	“I have used your statutes as lyrics to my music” or “I have created songs from your statutes”
4480	119:55	ntb8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “I think about you, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4481	119:55	iwf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom which means to obey the law. Alternate translation: “I obey your law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4482	119:56	ch5n				0	“my habit”
4483	119:56	ii8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom which means to follow or to obey those instructions. Alternate translation: “I have obeyed your instructions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4484	119:57	f7jf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This means Yahweh is all he wants. Just as the Levites did not receive vast territories of land for the Lord was to be their portion so the writer claims Yahweh as the satisfier of his needs. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4485	119:59	x88a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “feet” represent the whole person. To repent and choose to obey God’s laws is like turning one’s feet on a path to head in another direction. Alternate translation: “changed my direction” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4486	119:60	uuk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The writer expresses the same idea both positively and negatively in order to emphasize the urgency with which he obeys Yahweh’s commands. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4487	119:61	i6di		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	In this metaphor, wicked or evil people tried to cause the writer to sin like a hunter seeking to catch an animal with a trap. Alternate translation: “My enemies have tried to catch me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4488	119:63	tvy5				0	“I am a friend of all who honor you”
4489	119:64	p7l3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	People everywhere in the world being able to see evidence of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness is spoken of as if his covenant faithfulness filled the earth. The abstract noun “covenant faithfulness” can be translated as an adjective. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 33:5. Alternate translation: “People everywhere on earth can see that you, Yahweh, are faithful to your covenant” or “Throughout the earth, there is evidence that you, Yahweh, are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4490	119:65	d39z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	The writer refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “to me, your servant” or “to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4491	119:65	k4vq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. “Your word” refers to the promises Yahweh has made to the writer. Alternate translation: “as you have promised” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4492	119:66	x5n2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences		0	Some languages may require change in logical progression. Alternate translation: “Since I have believed in your commandments, teach me proper discernment and understanding” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-intro]])
4493	119:67	ln6x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Before you afflicted me” or “Before you punished me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4494	119:67	t586		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Disobeying God is spoken of as if the person walked on the wrong path. Alternate translation: “I disobeyed you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4495	119:67	qc4x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “word” represents commandments. Alternate translation: “I obey your commandments” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4496	119:69	f9re		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Arrogant people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4497	119:69	g5zy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	People telling many lies about a person is spoken of as if they made the person dirty by spreading lies over him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4498	119:69	ljt8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “heart” represents a person’s will. Alternate translation: “with complete commitment” or “completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4499	119:70	kwi4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hearts” represents the people’s wills. A person being stubborn is spoken of as if their hearts or wills were hard like a rock. Alternate translation: “They are stubborn” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4500	119:72	ll7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “mouth” represents what God says. Alternate translation: “The instructions you have spoken are” or “Your instructions are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4501	119:72	l1f9				0	This can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “than a large amount of money” or “than great wealth”
4502	119:73	hf5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God creating a person is spoken of as if God used his hands to shape the person the way someone may shape clay into an object. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4503	119:73	wc9b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hands” represents God’s power or action. Alternate translation: “You” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4504	119:74	u7a8				0	“because I trust what you say” or “I confidently believe what you say”
4505	119:75	zx24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	God promises to reward the righteous and punish wrongdoers, so he is faithful to do what he says he will. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “you punished me because you are faithful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4506	119:76	zzf3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Comfort me by showing me that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4507	119:76	k57e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	The writer refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “me, your servant” or “me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4508	119:78	j2en		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Put the proud to shame” or “Cause those who are proud to be ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4509	119:78	l2cs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “proud people” or “those who are proud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4510	119:79	i7zp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	People returning in friendship to the writer is spoken of as if they physically turn towards him. Alternate translation: “come to me” or “unite with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4511	119:79	u1zx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases		0	Possible meanings are (1) this further describes those who honor God or (2) this indicates the purpose for those who honor God to return to the writer. Alternate translation: “so that they may learn your covenant decrees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
4512	119:80	b84y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “heart” represents a person’s thoughts and motives. Alternate translation: “May I be blameless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4513	119:80	xg4u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I may not be ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4514	119:81	kx77				0	“I confidently trust in what you say”
4515	119:82	vm5l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “eyes” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I wait and wait for you to do what you promised to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4516	119:83	pgx9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	A wineskin is ruined when it hangs for a long time in a smoke-filled place. The writer compares himself to a wineskin that has been ruined by smoke to emphasize that he feels useless. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4517	119:84	dl2z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses a question to request God to punish those who persecute him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please do not make wait any longer. Punish those who persecute me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4518	119:84	jt81		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	The writer refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “must I, your servant” or “must I” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4519	119:85	j1jf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The proud are seeking to capture the writer or cause him to do wrong. This is spoken of as if they were hunters digging holes to trap the writer like an animal. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4520	119:85	spv2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Proud people” or “Those who are proud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4521	119:87	pds6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	This is a polite way of speaking about someone killing someone else. Alternate translation: “They have almost killed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
4522	119:88	x4ml		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	“According to your steadfast love.” The phrase “steadfast love” or “faithfulness” can be stated as an adverb. Alternate translation: “because you faithfully love me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4523	119:89	sp49				0	“what you have said will be true forever”
4524	119:89	t6jr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This speaks about what God has said as if it were an object that stands firmly upright. Alternate translation: “what you have said will be true in heaven forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4525	119:90	uer7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	“for all future generations.” This is an idiom that means “forever.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4526	119:91	es2c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	All created things are spoken of as if they were persons who can serve God. Alternate translation: “all things serve you” or “all things obey your commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4527	119:93	cck9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will always remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
4528	119:93	n64v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that the writer obeys God’s instructions. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “for you have kept me alive because I obey them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4529	119:94	qu81		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Trying hard to obey God’s instructions is spoken of as if instructions were an object for which a person must search. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4530	119:95	d7bk				0	“I will try hard to understand”
4531	119:96	p32w				0	“all things have an end”
4532	119:96	tr87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s commandments always being true and perfect is spoken of as if God’s commandments were an object that is so wide that it never ends. Alternate translation: “but your commandments are without limits” or “but your commandments are eternal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4533	119:98	yp9t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Constantly thinking about God’s commandments is spoken of as if the commandments were an object that the writer keeps with him always. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4534	119:101	m6vx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Avoiding doing what is evil is spoken of as if it were avoiding walking on paths that are evil. Alternate translation: “I have avoided doing what is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4535	119:101	xel3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “feet” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “kept myself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4536	119:101	cs59				0	“obey your word” or “observe your commands”
4537	119:102	kf28		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Continuing to obey God’s righteous decrees is spoken of as if the writer has not physically turned away from the righteous decrees. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I always obey your righteous decrees” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
4538	119:103	t4ms		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer delighting in what God says is spoken of as if God’s words were food that tasted sweet to the writer. Alternate translation: “Your words are good and delightful!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4539	119:104	bv6d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “discernment” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I learn to discern what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4540	119:104	p647		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Evil behavior is spoken of as if it were a false way or road. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4541	119:105	b1vw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two phrases have similar meanings. They speak about God telling a person how to live as if the person were walking on a path and God’s words were a light that helps the person see where to go. Alternate translation: “Your words tell me how to live my life” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4542	119:105	id73				0	Here “word” represents all that God communicates to people.
4543	119:107	k2ca				0	“as you have promised to do”
4544	119:108	de1m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of his prayer as if it were a sacrifice that he is offering to God. Alternate translation: “my prayer as a sacrifice to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4545	119:108	guc7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “mouth” represents the whole person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4546	119:109	r1uz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom that means the writer’s life is always in danger. Alternate translation: “My enemies are often trying to kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4547	119:109	p41n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes		0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I always remember your laws” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
4548	119:110	axl9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Wicked people trying to capture and kill the writer is spoken of as if they were hunters setting a trap to catch an animal. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4549	119:110	ike3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4550	119:110	n3qq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Not disobeying God’s instructions is spoken of as if the writer has not walked away from God’s instructions. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I obey your instructions” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
4551	119:111	ma4d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer always cherishing and obeying God’s decrees is spoken of as if the decrees are land or a possession that the writer will inherit. Alternate translation: “Your laws will belong to me forever” or “Your covenant decrees are like a heritage I will keep forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4552	119:111	p236		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “they make me joyful” or “I delight in them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4553	119:112	yy19		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “heart” represents the writer’s will. The phrase “heart is set” is an idiom. It is a way of saying the writer is determined. Alternate translation: “I am determined to obey” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4554	119:112	a2c7				0	Possible meanings are (1) “every one of them” (2) “to the very end of my life” or (3) “to the very end of time”
4555	119:113	ewl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person who is not sincere and not fully committed to obeying God is spoken of as if the person has two minds. Alternate translation: “who are not completely committed to obeying you” or “who are insincere” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4556	119:114	p5ix		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God making the writer safe is spoken of as if God were a place where the writer could go and hide. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4557	119:114	pas2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God protecting the writer is spoken of as if God were the writer’s shield. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4558	119:114	wtx3				0	Here “wait” means to wait expectantly. This has the idea of hope and trust. Alternate translation: “I trust in your word”
4559	119:114	l68r				0	Here “word” represents what God communicates to people.
4560	119:116	f189				0	“Give me strength as you said you would” or “Enable me to be strong as you promised”
4561	119:116	zw3z				0	Here “my hope” represents the writer’s trust in God and his promises. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “Do not disappoint me” or “Do not cause me shame by not doing what you promised to do”
4562	119:117	pq8s				0	“Help me” or “Strengthen me”
4563	119:118	kd3f				0	Possible meanings are (1) “those people lie and no one can trust them” or (2) “those people make deceitful plans but they will fail”
4564	119:119	tbp5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Slag is the waste or undesired leftovers in the process of refining gold or other metals. Yahweh removes the wicked people as if they were trash. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4565	119:119	z8fj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4566	119:119	e1lj				0	“like trash” or “like waste”
4567	119:120	p82w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “body” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I shake because I fear you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4568	119:120	n7mg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	It is implied that the writer is afraid of God’s righteous decrees because the writer knows that God punishes those who disobey his decrees. You can make the full meaning of this statement explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4569	119:121	du8n				0	“do not allow people to oppress me”
4570	119:122	dv7q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	The writer speaks about himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “Guarantee my welfare” or “Help and protect me, your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4571	119:122	x86e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are proud” or “proud people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4572	119:123	r56e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “eyes” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I grow tired because I wait and wait” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4573	119:123	z4cn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “for you to save me as you promised to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4574	119:123	ptu5				0	“your righteous promise”
4575	119:124	k6pq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	The writer speaks about himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “Show me” or “Show me, your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4576	119:124	ygx1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as an adverb or adjective. Alternate translation: “that you faithfully love me” or “that you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4577	119:125	van8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “understanding” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “enable me to understand what you want me to know” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4578	119:126	g82b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	The writer is speaking to Yahweh in the third person. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “It is time for you to act, Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4579	119:126	n98z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Here “have broken” means “disobeyed.” This is a way of saying the people have disobeyed God’s law. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4580	119:128	z4ux		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A person carefully obeying all of God’s instructions is spoken of as if as if the instructions were leading a person and that person follows behind. Alternate translation: I carefully obey all of your instructions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4581	119:128	p1py		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	People doing what is evil is spoken of as if they are walking on the wrong path. Alternate translation: “all the bad ways some people live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4582	119:130	m49k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s words as if those words were fabric that is folded, and of the person who explains Yahweh’s words as if they are unfolding that fabric. Alternate translation: “The explanation of your words gives light” or “When someone explains your words, they give light” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4583	119:130	d6rx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s words giving wisdom to a person as if his words were shining a light on them. Alternate translation: “The explanation of your words gives people wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4584	119:131	qm6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of his desire for Yahweh’s commandments as if he were a dog panting for water. Alternate translation: “I earnestly long for your commandments” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4585	119:132	jqh6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	To turn towards someone means to pay attention to that person. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
4586	119:132	ar7k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “love you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4587	119:133	mja8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “footsteps” represents the writer as he is walking. He speaks of the way he lives, or his conduct, as if he were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “Direct me” or “Teach me how to live” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4588	119:133	y2w5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks of sin as if it were a person who has authority over him. Possible meanings are (1) “do not let me habitually commit any sin” or (2) “do not let sinful men rule me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4589	119:134	a4a4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The word “oppression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Save me from people who oppress others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4590	119:135	g736		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably towards him as if Yahweh’s face shone a light on him. Alternate translation: “Act favorably towards your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4591	119:136	jv4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of his many tears as if they were streams of water. Alternate translation: “Many tears” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4592	119:136	sst5				0	“obey your law”
4593	119:138	hus8				0	Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.” See how you translated this in Psalms 78:5.
4594	119:139	z79n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. The phrase is an exaggeration for “I am extremely angry.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
4595	119:140	r9cv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have tested your word many times” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4596	119:140	q5x5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns		0	The writer speaks of himself as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “I, your servant, love” or “I love” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
4597	119:141	x2xe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People despise me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4598	119:143	q6qq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The psalmist speaks of distress and anguish as if they were people. Alternate translation: “I have become distressed and anguished” or “my body and my mind are suffering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4599	119:145	fux2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The psalmist speaks of his whole being as if it were only his heart. Alternate translation: “completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4600	119:146	g5gk				0	Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.”See how you translated this in Psalms 78:5.
4601	119:147	kg9u				0	“before the sun first appears”
4602	119:148	c1n8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. In Hebrew culture, the night was usually divided into three “watches” or periods. Alternate translation: “I am awake all night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4603	119:149	uw93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4604	119:150	r7sh				0	“they have strayed from your law” or “they do not pay any attention to your laws”
4605	119:151	l238				0	“I can trust your commandments”
4606	119:152	tc7x				0	Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.” See how you translated this in Psalms 78:5
4607	119:152	zx3q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of Yahweh’s commands as if they were posts set in the ground. Alternate translation: “given them for people to obey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4608	119:153	i4e7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of affliction as if it were an object that people could see. Alternate translation: “Look at how much I am suffering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4609	119:154	rqf5				0	“Defend me against those who accuse me”
4610	119:154	l7lr				0	“protect my life” or “give me life”
4611	119:155	cc3z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God not saving a person is spoken of as if salvation were far from the person. The abstract noun “Salvation” can be stated as “save.” Alternate translation: “You will certainly not save the wicked” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4612	119:156	r4u3				0	Here “great” means “many.” Alternate translation: “You have shown mercy to people many times” or “You have done many merciful things”
4613	119:156	gus8				0	Another possible meaning is “because you do what is just.”
4614	119:157	a4rf				0	“Those who persecute me”
4615	119:157	x688		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. “I have not stopped obeying” or “I have not stopped believing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4616	119:157	n1r7				0	Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.” See how this is translated in Psalms 78:5.
4617	119:158	keb9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The adjective “treacherous” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who betray me” or “my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4618	119:158	fs8u				0	“do not obey”
4619	119:159	rv26				0	“Look at me so you can see”
4620	119:159	r1n2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4621	119:160	iir8				0	“Your word is completely true” or “Your word can be trusted”
4622	119:161	tq5i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The psalmist speaks of the heart as if it could be amazed. The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am amazed at your word” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4623	119:162	n1dy				0	Possible meanings are (1) things that soldiers and robbers take from those they have defeated in battle or (2) things of great value or “treasure.”
4624	119:163	jx6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two words mean almost the same thing. Alternate translation: “hate very strongly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4625	119:163	ue4r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Possible meanings are this is a metonym for (1) “people who lie” or (2) “the false words that people say.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4626	119:165	fin9				0	Possible meanings are (1) “nothing makes them do wrong” or (2) “nothing causes them trouble.”
4627	119:167	t7k7				0	“I obey your solemn commands”
4628	119:167	iqz6				0	Other possible meanings are “testimonies” or “laws.” See how you translated this in Psalms 119:2.
4629	119:168	zj2b				0	“I obey your instructions”
4630	119:169	cgi3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of the ability to understand as if it were a solid object. Alternate translation: “help me understand your word” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4631	119:170	r59u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of the words he says in prayer as if they were people who want to speak to a king. Alternate translation: “May you hear my prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4632	119:171	x454		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of his lips as if they were a container and his praise a liquid that could be poured out. Here the word “lips” is a synecdoche which represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I desire to praise you much” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4633	119:172	hk6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of his tongue either (1) as if it were a person or (2) as a synecdoche for his whole being. Alternate translation: “me sing” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4634	119:173	ui9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The hand is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Please help me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4635	119:173	vx9b				0	“have chosen to obey”
4636	119:174	l3rh				0	“you to rescue me”
4637	119:174	wa6g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “delight” can be stated as a verb. “I very much enjoy obeying your law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4638	119:175	z1ep		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of Yahweh’s decrees as if they were a person who could help him. Alternate translation: “may I listen to your righteous decrees and so become wise and strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4639	119:176	xw7j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The psalmist compares his disobedience to Yahweh to a sheep that has wandered away from the flock. Alternate translation: “I have left your way like a sheep that has left its flock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4640	119:176	ap6x				0	“because I am your servant, come and search for me”
4641	120:intro	x4aj				0	Psalm 120 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 120 is a psalm of deliverance from liars. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Fighting The author did not want to fight, but the people he lived with wanted to fight him.
4642	120:1	xq2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4643	120:1	d8u6				0	“In my trouble” or “When I was in trouble”
4644	120:2	a439		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “life” represents the person. Alternate translation: “Rescue me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4645	120:2	yy4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the phrases “their lips” and “their tongues” represent the people who speak lies and deceit. Alternate translation: “those who lie to me and try to deceive me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4646	120:3	rl7j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer asks this as a leading question to explain what God will do to liars. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is how God will punish you, and this is what he will do to you, you who have a lying tongue.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4647	120:3	k1uu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “a lying tongue” represents the person who speaks lies. Alternate translation: “you who tell lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4648	120:4	tp2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of God severely punishing liars as if God were shooting them with arrows. Alternate translation: “He will punish you severely, as if he were shooting you with warrior’s arrows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4649	120:4	gu1s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This refers to how people forged the tip of the arrow in a fire. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that he sharpened over burning coals of the broom tree” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4650	120:5	mg3z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	These two places were far away from each other. The writer is likely using the names metaphorically to represent living among cruel and barbaric people. Alternate translation: “It is as if I live in Meshech or among the tents of Kedar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4651	120:5	qx4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This phrase represents the people of Kedar who live in those tents. Alternate translation: “the people who live in Kedar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4652	120:7	sf92				0	“I want peace”
4653	120:7	lr78				0	“they want war”
4654	121:intro	n97g				0	Psalm 121 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 121 is a worship psalm. Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s protection God always watches over those who believe in him and protects them from harm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
4655	121:1	xgy7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4656	121:1	cb45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This expression means “look at” or “focus my attention on.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4657	121:1	yb6k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses this question to focus attention on the source of his help. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will tell you from where my help comes.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4658	121:2	d3ip				0	This is the answer to the previous question.
4659	121:3	r43x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	There is a shift here to the second person. This may mean (1) the writer begins speaking to the people of Israel or (2) the writer is quoting another person speaking to the writer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
4660	121:3	uj6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The slipping of a foot is associated with falling. Alternate translation: “you to fall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4661	121:3	l1fp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here to “slumber” means he would stop protecting. The negative form strengthens the statement. Alternate translation: “God will not fall asleep and stop protecting you” or “God will always protect you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
4662	121:3	j2nn				0	God
4663	121:4	eq68				0	God
4664	121:4	b5yf				0	This word alerts us to pay attention to the important information that follows.
4665	121:4	f8qt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two words mean the same thing. Here to “slumber” means to stop protecting. The negative form strengthens the statement. Alternate translation: “will not sleep and stop protecting you” or “will always protect you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
4666	121:5	sk2b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “shade” refers to protection. Alternate translation: “God is beside you to protect you from things that would hurt you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4667	121:5	hq1i				0	Here this expression means to be beside or near to the writer.
4668	121:6	p2y6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	The contrasting terms “day” and “night” refer to those extremes and everything in between. Alternate translation: “God protects you from the elements at all times” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
4669	121:6	wzt9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	It is implies that “will not harm you” is implied here. The full meaning of this statement may be made clear. Alternate translation: “nor will the moon harm you by night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4670	121:7	au24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This refers to the writer. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4671	122:intro	x7wj				0	Psalm 122 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 122 is a psalm about Jerusalem. Special concepts in this chapter Jerusalem Jerusalem is an important city, the center of government and religious activities; so the author prays for peace for the city.
4672	122:1	lck5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4673	122:1	x5k5				0	Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in Psalms 120:1
4674	122:2	d2gp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe		0	The writer briefly stops speaking to his audience and speaks directly to the city of Jerusalem. Jerusalem is spoken to as if it was a person who could hear the writer. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4675	122:2	gjq5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “feet” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “we are standing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4676	122:2	pe5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “gates” refers to the city. Alternate translation: “inside you, Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4677	122:4	xbf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “name” refers to Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4678	122:5	xk6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “house” refers to the descendants of David. Alternate translation: “the descendants of David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4679	122:6	q9u2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe		0	This section states the content of the prayer that the writer wants his audience to pray. He asks them to speak directly to the city of Jerusalem, as if the city was a person who could hear them. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4680	122:7	qxx3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe		0	This verse finishes the prayer that the writer wants his audience to pray. He asks them to speak directly to the city of Jerusalem, as if the city was a person who could hear them. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4681	122:7	exb9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two phrases have the same meanings and are used together to strengthen each other. Alternate translation: “May the people in Jerusalem live in peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4682	122:7	d4tc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here Jerusalem is referred to by the fortress walls that protects it. The terms “walls” and “fortress” refer to the same thing. Alternate translation: “within Jerusalem” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4683	122:8	hz78		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe		0	In this section, the writer speaks directly to the city of Jerusalem, as if the city was a person who could hear them. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4684	122:8	i3zr				0	“For the well-being”
4685	122:8	b3mx				0	“May the people in you live in peace”
4686	122:9	nt39				0	The abstract noun “good” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “I will pray that people treat you well”
4687	123:intro	vet5				0	Psalm 123 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 123 is a psalm asking for deliverance from the contempt of proud people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Trust Just as a servant trusts his master to protect him, so the author is trusting God to stop proud people from insulting him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
4688	123:1	iym8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4689	123:1	ja7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the author refers to his eyes because that is the part of the body used for seeing. Alternate translation: “I look to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4690	123:1	kx53				0	sitting on a throne and ruling as king
4691	123:2	kyd5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These three phrases have similar meanings. The third phrase, about the Israelites, is being compared to how the servants and maids look to their masters and mistresses for help. In each case “eyes” refers to the whole person. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4692	123:2	xe43		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hand” refers to the provision for needs. Alternate translation: “master’s provision … mistress’s provision” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4693	123:2	av8s				0	servant girl
4694	123:2	cs6v				0	woman who has authority over servant girls
4695	123:2	kj4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “mercy” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “act mercifully toward us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4696	123:3	e5sh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “mercy” can be stated as an action. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 123:2. Alternate translation: “act mercifully toward us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4697	123:3	rn1x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here humiliation is spoken of as if it were something that could be fill up a person. “we are very disgraced” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4698	123:4	h3h7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom means that the amount is excessive, in a negative sense. Alternate translation: “We have had too much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4699	123:4	fq81		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	There two phrases have very similar meanings and are used together to emphasize how much they have been mocked by the people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4700	123:4	xq36				0	“mocking” or “insults”
4701	123:4	gp8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to the insolent people. Alternate translation: “rude and arrogant people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4702	123:4	ugx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This refers to the proud people. Alternate translation: “the people who are proud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4703	124:intro	khc4				0	Psalm 124 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 124 is a psalm of praise for God’s delivering the Israelites from their enemy’s attack. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh saves God saved the Israelites from their enemy who wanted to completely destroy them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
4704	124:1	fes4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4705	124:1	uf2u				0	Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in Psalms 120:1
4706	124:1	zqy6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo		0	This is the beginning of a hypothetical statement about something that did not actually happen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
4707	124:2	qz9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo		0	This is the continuation of a hypothetical statement about something that did not actually happen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
4708	124:3	n3uw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo		0	This is the end of a hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If Yahweh had not been on our side” in Psalms 124:1 and continues with the words “if it had not been Yahweh who was on our side when men rose up against us” in Psalms 124:2. It describes a result that did not happen because Yahweh was actually on their side. “They were not able to swallow us up alive because Yahweh was on our side.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
4709	124:3	g8z9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This metaphor describes how the Israelites could have died to how a fierce animal would attack a smaller animal to eat. Alternate translation: “killed us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4710	124:3	tq3h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “their anger” refers to the enemies who were angry. Alternate translation: “they were very angry with us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4711	124:4	ca3n				0	In these two verses the author compares the enemies of Israel to a flood of water.
4712	124:4	hgr6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo		0	This is the end of a hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If Yahweh had not been on our side” in Psalms 124:1 and continues with the words “if it had not been Yahweh who was on our side when men rose up against us” in Psalms 124:2. It describes a result that did not happen because Yahweh was actually on their side. “The water did not sweep us away, and the torrent did not overwhelm us because Yahweh was on our side” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
4713	124:4	x86j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the enemies of the writer are spoken of as if they were a flood of water. Alternate translation: “Our enemies would have easily defeated us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4714	124:4	mkg4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the enemies of the writer are spoken of as if they were a flood of water that would have drowned the Israelites. Alternate translation: “our enemies would have overwhelmed us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4715	124:5	j6yh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo		0	This is the end of a hypothetical statement that begins with the words “If Yahweh had not been on our side” in Psalms 124:1 and continues with the words “if it had not been Yahweh who was on our side when men rose up against us” in Psalms 124:2. It describes a result that did not happen because Yahweh was actually on their side. “The raging waters did not drown us because Yahweh was on our side” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
4716	124:5	rxj3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here the enemies of the writer are spoken of as if they were a raging river that would have drowned the Israelites. Alternate translation: “our enemies would have destroyed us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4717	124:6	thg5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The enemies are spoken of as if they were wild animals that would destroy the Israelites by eating them. Alternate translation: “destroyed as if we were eaten by wild animals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4718	124:7	fr8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer describes his escape from the enemies as if he was a bird that had escaped from the snare of the hunters. Alternate translation: “escaped from our enemies as a bird escapes from the trap that hunters have set” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4719	124:7	r8zv				0	a small trap of string or wire made for catching small animals or birds
4720	124:7	a4a8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The plot of the enemies to catch the writer failed as if it was a snare that had broken. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4721	125:intro	bc6u				0	Psalm 125 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 125 is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s protection God protects good people. He will not allow the evil people to rule over the good people because they might make them do evil. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
4722	125:1	d4h2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4723	125:1	spt5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	People who trust in Yahweh are spoken of as if they were Mount Zion. Mountains are unable to be moved. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4724	125:2	t72p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Yahweh’s protection is spoken of as if he was the mountains surrounding Jerusalem. Jerusalem was surrounded by several mountains, which protected it from attack. Alternate translation: “As the hills that surround Jerusalem protect it, so Yahweh protects his people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4725	125:2	z93n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	Here, this phrase means “always.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
4726	125:3	we9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the scepter of wickedness represents the rule of wicked people. Alternate translation: “Wicked people” or “Wicked rulers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4727	125:4	m8s8				0	This is a request. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, please do good things” or “Yahweh, I beg you to do good things”
4728	125:4	y93a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here, “hearts” refers to their desires. Alternate translation: “desire to do the right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4729	125:5	t4ae		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Refusing to obey Yahweh is spoken of as turning away from a good path. Alternate translation: “leave good and go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4730	125:5	daf6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here wicked ways are spoken of as if they were a path that is not straight. Alternate translation: “their wicked ways” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4731	125:5	ru69		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	People are lead away in order to punish them. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “lead them away to punish them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4732	126:intro	q9ig				0	Psalm 126 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 126 is a psalm of praise for Yahweh bringing captives home. Special concepts in this chapter Sorrow and joy People may have sorrow now; but later it will turn into joy. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/joy]])
4733	126:1	h3wt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4734	126:1	y7ss				0	“made Zion prosperous again”
4735	126:2	wxr3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Laughing is spoken of as if their mouths were a container and their laughter was in it. It can be made clear that this laughter was a response to their joy. Alternate translation: “we laughed for joy” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4736	126:2	g1bj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The verbs “were filled” can be stated clearly. Singing is spoken of as if their tongues were containers and singing was in them. Alternate translation: “our tongues were filled with singing” or “we sang songs of joy” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4737	126:2	xir4				0	“the people of the nations said among themselves.” The pronoun is used before introducing what it references. This is very unusual.
4738	126:3	js5q				0	“How glad we were, because Yahweh did these great things for us!”
4739	126:5	i43v				0	“Those who weep as they sow”
4740	127:intro	ipx7				0	Psalm 127 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 127 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapter Blessings God wants his people to have rest. It is a blessing to have many children. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/rest]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
4741	127:1	nt9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4742	127:1	m7vn				0	Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in Psalms 120:1
4743	127:2	qvi2				0	A person who works hard often has to wake up earlier in the morning and return home late at night.
4744	127:2	vc2y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This is an idiom. Bread often represents the food a person needs every day in order to live. Alternate translation: “work hard for your daily needs” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4745	127:3	qz98		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	property that a person can inherit from his ancestors. Children normally receive an inheritance from their parents. Inheritance goes from parents to children. This passage uses parents inheriting children from Yahweh as a metaphor for Yahweh being the only one who can give children. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4746	127:4	iyl8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Arrows are very important to a warrior because they protect him in battle. Children are spoken of as if they are a warrior’s arrow. Alternate translation: “Having many children will help to protect you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4747	127:5	vf7l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A quiver is a container for arrows. Having many children is spoken of as if the children were arrows in a quiver. Alternate translation: “a home full of children” or “many children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4748	128:intro	f8w6				0	Psalm 128 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 128 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapter Respect Those people who respect God will live well and have many children. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])
4749	128:1	xub9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4750	128:1	h11n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This phrase occurs in the passive voice to avoid implying that Yahweh is obligated to bless those who honor him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless everyone who honors him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4751	128:2	xw8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	A man can be referred to by his hands because that is the part of the body he works with. Alternate translation: “What you provide” or “What you work for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4752	128:2	b9im		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The words “be blessed” and “prosper” share similar meanings and emphasize God’s favor. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless you and prosper you” or “Yahweh will make you blessed and prosperous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4753	128:3	x211		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The wife is spoke of as a vine producing a lot of fruit. This implies that children are like fruit and the wife will have many children. Alternate translation: “very productive and give you many children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4754	128:3	mf2p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Children are compared to olive plants because of the way they grow to surround something. Children will surround the table and make it full. Alternate translation: “you will have many children who will grow and prosper” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4755	128:3	vlk1				0	This refers to the place where a family gathers to eat. Often, all those who eat a man’s table are under his authority or control.
4756	128:4	v5em		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated as an active verb. “Yahweh will bless the man who honors him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4757	128:5	iz4u				0	“throughout your lifetime”
4758	128:6	cd66				0	“May Israel have peace”
4759	129:intro	p9dv				0	Psalm 129 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 129 is a psalm of deliverance from Israel’s many enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh saves Israel’s enemies have always persecuted them but God has saved them from their enemies. He prays that this enemy will be destroyed with no one to wish them well. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
4760	129:1	ut36		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4761	129:3	wpl7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The cuts from a whipping are spoken of as the plow of a plowman. A farmer plowed deep lines into a field. Alternate translation: “My enemies have cut me deeply on my back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4762	129:3	nq4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is a continuation of the plowing metaphor. The “furrow” is the line the farmer plowed. Alternate translation: “they made their cuts long” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4763	129:4	yzu9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Israel is spoken of as being bound by evil people. Alternate translation: “he has freed us from our enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4764	129:5	z781		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	Yahweh is not explicitly mentioned as the one who does these things. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh shame them and defeat them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4765	129:6	s2gl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The psalmist speaks of his enemies dying and being few in number. He compares them to the little bit of grass that grows on the roof of a house and withers and is not enough to cut or bundle. Alternate translation: “May they die and may there be few of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4766	129:7	s57h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	These words finish the simile that begins in (Psalms 129:6). The psalmist speaks of his enemies dying and being few in number. He compares them to the little bit of grass that grows on the roof of a house and withers and is not enough to cut or bundle. “May they be like the grass, which cannot fill … together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4767	129:8	pu7b				0	“Yahweh bless you”
4768	130:intro	c2ly				0	Psalm 130 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 130 is a psalm of praise that God forgives sins. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Special concepts in this chapter Forgive God forgives sin and helps the sinner. So Israel should trust in God for his forgiveness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
4769	130:1	f4r9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4770	130:1	h3vi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The author’s sadness is spoken of as if it were a container. His sadness comes from the bottom of the container. Sadness is often spoken of as being a container that fills from the top to the bottom. Alternate translation: “Because I am very sad, I” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4771	130:2	i2dr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The ears represent Yahweh, but because the author knows that Yahweh hears everything, he is really asking for Yahweh to respond. Alternate translation: “please listen” or “please respond” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4772	130:2	cvz1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “mercy” can be stated as “merciful.” Alternate translation: “to my pleas and be merciful to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4773	130:3	fu8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The speaker uses this question to express the futility of thinking that anyone could stand in this situation. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one could stand.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4774	130:3	l8mj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Stand” often represents escaping or surviving when someone attacks. In this case, it would be to escape from being punished. Alternate translation: “no one could escape from your punishment” or “no one could survive your punishment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4775	130:6	lj6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	“My soul” represents the psalmist. Alternate translation: “I” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4776	130:6	yb89		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The psalmist is spoken of as if he were waiting on something with expectation. Alternate translation: “I hope” or “I trust” or “I desire for something” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4777	130:6	ge7s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The psalmist speaks of his desire for the Lord to help him as being greater than the desire that those who work all night have for the morning to come. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4778	130:6	cx47				0	These are men who guard towns or fields against enemies or robbers. Here it refers to men who have to stay awake at night doing this.
4779	130:7	ua2z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a man. Alternate translation: “You people of Israel, hope in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4780	130:8	i64f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a man. Alternate translation: “who will redeem the people of Israel from all their sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4781	131:intro	ej7h				0	Psalm 131 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 131 is a wisdom psalm teaching trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) Special concepts in this chapter Trust This psalm focuses on the concept of trust. A quiet trust in Yahweh is best.
4782	131:1	ct5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4783	131:1	px11				0	Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in Psalms 120:1
4784	131:1	kgc5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The heart and the eyes represent the person. Alternate translation: “I am not proud or haughty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4785	131:1	tz2s				0	Possible meanings are “I do not expect to do great things” or “I do not think I am great.”
4786	131:1	xfb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Things that are too hard for a person to understand are spoken of as if they are beyond the person or too far away from the person to be able to reach them. Alternate translation: “things that are too hard to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4787	131:2	r92s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The soul represents the person or his emotions. Being calm and peaceful is spoken of has having making one’s soul still and quiet. Alternate translation: “I am calm and peaceful” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4788	131:2	sep5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The soul represents the person or his emotions. Alternate translation: “I” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4789	131:2	sim5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of himself being content and resting as if he were a young child that no longer demands breast milk from his mother. Alternate translation: “content like a young child that no longer cries for breast milk but rests in his mother’s arms” or “content and resting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4790	132:intro	fp7w				0	Psalm 132 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 132 is a royal psalm praising David. It might have been sung when David brought the ark to Jerusalem. Special concepts in this chapter Ark The Ark had been moved from one place to another several times. David wanted to make a permanent home for it. God had promised David that his son would be king after him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
4791	132:1	sq3d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4792	132:1	lvf4				0	“because of what happened to David”
4793	132:1	rsq8				0	“remember” or “think about”
4794	132:2	v7zr				0	This refers to God.
4795	132:3	qz8t				0	“King David said”
4796	132:4	s5lw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Sleep and rest are spoken of as if they are things that can be given. Here eyes and eyelids represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “I will not allow my eyes to sleep or my eyelids to rest” or “I will not sleep or close my eyes and rest” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4797	132:5	q4n7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Building a place for Yahweh is spoken of as finding a place for him. Alternate translation: “until I build a place for Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4798	132:5	ydb1				0	This refers to God.
4799	132:6	ii2y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The word “it” probably refers to where God’s sacred chest was. The phrase “in Ephrathah” probably refers to where they were when they heard about it. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “we who were in Ephrathah heard about where the sacred chest was” or “we in Ephrathah heard that the holy box was in Jaar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4800	132:6	nbj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	Jaar is probably another name for the city of Kiriath Jearim. This probably refers to the fields surrounding the city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4801	132:7	gcy9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Worshiping God at the covenant box is spoken of as bowing at the feet of the king who is sitting on his throne. This communicates humility and submission to God. Alternate translation: “we will go to God’s covenant box and worship him as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4802	132:8	jkj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The verb “come” can be stated clearly. “Arise, Yahweh, and come to your resting place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4803	132:8	e7g1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The place God chose for people to worship him is spoken of as if it were a place where he rests or lives eternally. Alternate translation: “the place where you stay” or “your tabernacle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4804	132:8	ktv8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	Possible meanings are (1) “come to the ark of your strength” or (2) “come, and make the ark of your strength come.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4805	132:8	pg13				0	“the ark that shows your great power”
4806	132:9	y1an		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Integrity is spoken of as if it were clothing. Alternate translation: “May people recognize that your priests have integrity” or “I want people see how your priests always do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4807	132:10	zns5				0	“Because of what happened to your servant David.” See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 132:1.
4808	132:10	e268		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “turning away” means to reject someone. Alternate translation: “do not abandon the king that you anointed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4809	132:11	l5l7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Making a king’s descendant become king in his place is spoken of as placing him on that king’s throne. AT “I will cause one of your descendants to rule Israel in your place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4810	132:12	ir7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Ruling as king is spoken of as sitting on the throne. Alternate translation: “rule as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4811	132:12	ht92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “your sons” represents the descendants of David that would become king. Alternate translation: “your descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4812	132:13	ym8p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns		0	“He”, “my” and “I” refer to Yahweh and “her” refers to Zion. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
4813	132:13	kw5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The author writes as though the city of Zion were a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4814	132:13	wvs3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Yahweh has desired Zion for Yahweh’s seat.” Here “seat” represents either (1) his throne where he would rule, or (2) the place where he would stay. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4815	132:14	t9p9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The author writes as though the city of Zion (Psalms 132:13) were a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4816	132:14	y9cs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The place God chose for people to worship him is spoken of as if it were a place where he rests or lives eternally. Alternate translation: “the place where I stay” or “my tabernacle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4817	132:15	afl2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	God continues to speak about the city of Zion as if Zion was a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4818	132:15	gvy6				0	“will abundantly bless Zion”
4819	132:15	md5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	Here “poor” refers to the poor people in Zion and “bread” probably represents food in general. Alternate translation: “will satisfy the poor people in Zion with food” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4820	132:16	w9cn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Salvation is spoken of as if it is clothing. Possible meanings are (1) “I will cause the priests to behave in a manner worthy of ones whom I have saved” or (2) “I will save her priests” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4821	132:17	vls7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God speaks of a powerful descendant of David as if he was the powerful horn of an animal. Alternate translation: “I will make a descendant of David become king after him” or “I will cause David to have a descendant who will be a powerful king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4822	132:17	yc3b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God speaks of causing David’s descendants to continue to rule as king as if they were a lamp that would continue to shine. Alternate translation: “I will cause my anointed one’s descendants to continue to rule as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4823	132:17	dms8				0	“my chosen king” or “the king I have chosen”
4824	132:18	gp1f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Shame is spoken of as if it was clothing. This shame would result from losing in war. Alternate translation: “I will cause his enemies to be ashamed” or “I will cause his enemies to be defeated and ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4825	132:18	hdu2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The crown represents his rule, and greatness is spoken of as shining. Alternate translation: “he will be a great king” or “his greatness will shine” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4826	133:intro	lg1c				0	Psalm 133 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 133 is a wisdom psalm about harmony. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) Special concepts in this chapter Harmony Harmony between relatives is refreshing and brings a blessings from God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
4827	133:1	s9bf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4828	133:1	xwd2				0	Possible meanings are (1) “song people sang while going up to Jerusalem for a celebration” or (2) “song people sang while going up the steps into the temple” or (3) “song whose words are like steps.” See how you translated this in Psalms 120:1
4829	133:1	d9ck				0	This word is used to stress the importance of the statement that follows.
4830	133:1	s8hv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The relationships among fellow God’s people is spoken of as if they were brothers. Alternate translation: “for God’s people to live together peacefully as brothers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4831	133:2	qj4c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The goodness of unity among God’s people is spoken of as if it were like the fine oil that was poured on Aaron’s head. Alternate translation: “This unity is precious like the oil that was poured on Aaron’s head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4832	133:3	r3pl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The goodness of unity among God’s people is spoken of as it if it were refreshing like dew. Alternate translation: “refreshing like the dew of Hermon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4833	133:3	q5fz				0	This is a mountain in Israel that has snow on its peak year-round.
4834	134:intro	az9r				0	Psalm 134 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 134 is a temple psalm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) Special concepts in this chapter Watchmen The watchmen who work at night should praise God. Then he will bless them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
4835	134:1	x2de		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4836	134:1	y7mi				0	“all you who serve Yahweh”
4837	134:2	fx9g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	This is how people prayed or praised God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
4838	134:2	x39j				0	Possible meanings are (1) “to the temple” or (2) “to the holy place in the temple.”
4839	134:3	d5zb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	The phrase “heaven and earth” here represents all things. Alternate translation: “everything in heaven and earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
4840	135:intro	qzj7				0	Psalm 135 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 135 is a worship psalm focusing on worshiping God because his greatness. Special concepts in this chapter Praise The people, priests and their helpers should praise God because he is so great. He defeated the Egyptians and led his people to the promise land. Idols have no power. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
4841	135:1	s987		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4842	135:1	q37i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh’s name represents him. “Praise Yahweh” or “Praise him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4843	135:2	hmn4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This represents serving Yahweh in his temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4844	135:2	acj2				0	These words refer to Yahweh (Psalms 135:1).
4845	135:3	txp9				0	“because we get pleasure from praising his name”
4846	135:4	e6pd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“Jacob” here refers to his descendants, the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has chosen Jacob’s descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4847	135:4	tbz4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The beginning of the sentence can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he has chosen Israel to be his possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4848	135:5	bu42		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“I know that our Lord is above all gods.” Being greater than something is spoken of as being above it. Alternate translation: “that our Lord is greater than all gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4849	135:7	g3hj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	A storehouse is a place where things are kept for future use. This imagery shows God’s power to control the wind. Alternate translation: “causing the wind to blow by his power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4850	135:9	pln1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	These two words mean basically the same thing and refer to the miraculous troubles that God had caused in Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4851	135:9	jjz5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe		0	The psalmist speaks as if the people of Egypt were listening to him. Alternate translation: “among you people of Egypt” or “among the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
4852	135:9	eb2x				0	“to punish Pharaoh”
4853	135:11	tnk3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	These are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4854	135:12	xu2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God’s gift of the land to the Israelites is spoken of as if it were inheritance from father to son. Alternate translation: “He gave us their land to have forever” or “He gave us their land to be ours forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4855	135:13	z179		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	His name here represents his fame or reputation. Alternate translation: “Your fame” or “Your reputation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4856	135:18	wi2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Being ignorant and powerless is spoken of as being like idols, which cannot speak, see, hear, or breathe. Alternate translation: “Those who make them are stupid and powerless like their idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4857	135:18	z43m				0	“and so are those who trust in the idols”
4858	135:21	l26a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	God is spoken of as if he lived in Jerusalem because the temple where the Israelites worshiped him was there. Alternate translation: “he whose temple is in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4859	136:intro	wah2				0	Psalm 136 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 136 is a worship psalm. It was written to be sung by two parts of the choir. One part would sing the first part of each of the lines and then the other part of the choir would sing the repeated refrain. Special concepts in this chapter Israel blessed God has blessed Israel throughout its history and taken care of the needy people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
4860	136:1	my49		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4861	136:1	ra72		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations		0	This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
4862	136:1	f89e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “because he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4863	136:2	f8xr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	the God who is greater than the gods that other people worship (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4864	136:5	f8eu				0	That is, because he is wise.
4865	136:6	x27a				0	The ancient Israelites thought that the earth’s dry land was on top of the sea. Alternate translation: “placed the earth over the waters”
4866	136:7	wi2k				0	This is a reference to the sources of light for the earth, especially the sun and the moon. Alternate translation: “the sun and the moon and the stars”
4867	136:8	f4vg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The sun is spoken of as if it were a king. Alternate translation: “to mark the time of day” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4868	136:8	h1q9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. See how you translated this in Psalms 136:1. Alternate translation: “because he remains faithful to his covenant forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4869	136:9	m4de		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The moon, and stars are spoken of as if they were kings. Alternate translation: “to mark the time of night” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4870	136:11	v395				0	“from among the people of Egypt”
4871	136:12	eaa4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “hand” and “arm” represent power. Alternate translation: “with great power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4872	136:13	avd4				0	The soldiers of Pharaoh drowned in the Sea of Reeds.
4873	136:15	a7s1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here defeat is spoken of as if it were tipping someone over. Alternate translation: “defeated Pharaoh” or “defeated the king of Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4874	136:15	mi4b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	That is, the army of Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4875	136:19	j4wg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	a man’s name (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4876	136:20	r49c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	a man’s name (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4877	136:23	q5t2				0	“thought about us”
4878	136:23	g78u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The condition of feeling shame is spoken of as if it were a place that the Israelites had been in. This is a reference to the many times when the Israelites’ enemies had defeated them in battle and shamed them. Alternate translation: “cared when we were shamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4879	136:24	zn74		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Causing people to be victorious and defeat their enemies is spoken of as giving them victory, as if victory were an object that can be given. Alternate translation: “has made us victorious over our enemies” or “has made us able to defeat our enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4880	136:26	vqb3				0	“the God who lives in heaven” or “the God whom the heavenly beings worship”
4881	137:intro	syg4				0	Psalm 137 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 137 is a psalm of mourning and vengeance. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]]) Special concepts in this chapter Songs of Zion The captives are told to sing songs of Zion there in Babylon but they felt too unhappy to want to sing. The army from Babylon was cruel when it destroyed Jerusalem and the people of Edom encouraged them to destroy Jerusalem. They prayed that God will be cruel to the people of Edom and Babylon.
4882	137:1	g7si		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4883	137:1	kt8v				0	“Next to one of the rivers near Babylon”
4884	137:1	rih5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive		0	The writer does not include the readers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
4885	137:2	j2py		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive		0	The writer does not include the readers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
4886	137:2	xl9e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Poplar trees do not grow in Israel. “Poplars” may here stand for all the trees in Babylon. Alternate translation: “On the trees in Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4887	137:3	sad7				0	“our captors required us to sing”
4888	137:3	htl1				0	“made us pretend to be happy”
4889	137:3	j7ws				0	This probably refers to songs that the Israelites had used in worship at the temple in Jerusalem.
4890	137:5	s6nm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks as if Jerusalem is listening to him. Alternate translation: “If I act as if I did not remember you, Jerusalem” or “If I try to forget you, Jerusalem” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
4891	137:5	evg5				0	the hand most people use most often
4892	137:7	fey4				0	“Remember” or “Think about”
4893	137:7	wp1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here remembering what the Edomites did represents punishing them for what they did. Alternate translation: “Punish the Edomites, Yahweh, for what they did” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4894	137:7	fk91		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Jerusalem being captured by an enemy army is spoken of as if it had fallen. Who captured Jerusalem can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the day Jerusalem was captured” or “the day the Babylonian army entered Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4895	137:8	vlj1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe		0	The psalmist addresses the people of Babylon as if they were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
4896	137:8	c3dh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This represents the city of Babylon and its people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4897	137:8	w6kc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may God bless the person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4898	137:8	v1xl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of someone doing to others what they have done as if were payment. Alternate translation: “does to you what you did to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4899	137:9	v5tp				0	“smashes your babies’ heads against rocks”
4900	138:intro	lv6z				0	Psalm 138 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapter Answered prayers God answers prayers and he protects the psalmist from his enemies.
4901	138:1	uq65		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4902	138:1	hm3q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The heart here represents the emotions. Doing something sincerely or completely is spoken of as doing it with all one’s heart. Alternate translation: “I will sincerely thank you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4903	138:1	eq6r				0	Possible meanings are (1) “in spite of the false idols that exist” or (2) “before the heavenly assembly,” which means “in the knowledge of the angels in heaven.”
4904	138:2	bda1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	Bowing down is a symbolic action that represents worship and giving honor. Alternate translation: “I will worship you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
4905	138:2	p2fj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “give thanks to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4906	138:2	t3ms		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because you are faithful to your covenant and you are worthy of people trusting you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4907	138:2	wkx6				0	“what you have said” or “your commands and promises”
4908	138:2	m6ju		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Possible meanings are (1) “yourself” or (2) “your fame.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4909	138:4	zpz8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This expression stands for God himself. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4910	138:6	sg1t				0	Yahweh is above all creation in power, position, and authority. Yet his interest is in those who are humble in spirit, servants to all. This is a simple contrast.
4911	138:6	ly27		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This expression probably means that God is not faithful to those who are proud. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4912	138:7	se2w				0	live, exist
4913	138:7	wu4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Being in danger is spoken of as being in a physical place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4914	138:7	ez6k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God is spoken of as if he will strike the enemies with his hand. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4915	138:7	uh62		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “anger” can be stated as “angry.” Alternate translation: “my enemies, who are angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4916	138:8	uma6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, remain faithful to your covenant forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4917	138:8	hc8j				0	This expression probably refers to the nation of Israel.
4918	138:8	m81b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God is spoken of as if he had physically used hands to create. Alternate translation: “you have created” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4919	139:intro	spl6				0	Psalm 139 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 139 is a psalm of praise. Special concepts in this chapter God’s care God created the psalmist in his mother’s womb and has taken care of him all of his life. No matter where he goes, God is always with him.
4920	139:1	f2ij		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4921	139:1	m5if				0	“This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
4922	139:1	z372				0	“have tested”
4923	139:2	rgf9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	The psalmist uses these two actions to represent everything he does. Alternate translation: “everything I do” or “everything about me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
4924	139:3	u269		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “path” stands for one’s behavior. “My path and my lying down” together represent everything about the psalmist. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
4925	139:4	i5s4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “word on the tongue” represents speech. Alternate translation: “before I say anything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4926	139:5	q23v				0	This expression refers to God’s presence everywhere.
4927	139:5	xr3g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This expression refers to guidance and help. Alternate translation: “you guide and help me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4928	139:6	yr6j				0	“too much for me to understand”
4929	139:6	m18y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Being high and out of reach is an expression, in this case, about some knowledge that human beings cannot have. Alternate translation: “it is too difficult to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4930	139:7	w65n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	These two questions are in parallel. The psalmist says that he cannot go away from God’s presence. Alternate translation: “I cannot escape from your Spirit.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4931	139:8	tdr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“Making one’s bed” refers to staying somewhere. Alternate translation: “even if I stay in Sheol” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4932	139:9	v6q9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	The author uses exaggeration to explain that wherever he is, God is there too. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
4933	139:9	rt5q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	In the ancient near east, the sun was often imagined as if it had wings which enabled it to fly across the sky. Alternate translation: “If the sun could carry me with itself across the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4934	139:9	iph4				0	“very far away to the west”
4935	139:10	fx9r				0	“will help me”
4936	139:11	z546		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of the night as if it were a blanket that could conceal him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4937	139:12	v3s8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The night, which is dark, is spoken of as if it were bright with light. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4938	139:13	zvi1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	“Inner parts” refers to the interior organs of a person, but here the expression probably stands for the entire body. Alternate translation: “You made my entire body (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4939	139:14	t36w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “soul” probably refers to the psalmist’s innermost ability to be certain about God’s love and guidance. The translator may, however, treat “soul” here as metonymy for the psalmist’s mind and heart. Alternate translation: “I know this with all my heart” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4940	139:15	wrz7				0	“made with great complexity”
4941	139:15	r8mk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	This is probably a way of speaking about a mother’s womb (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4942	139:16	i7h1				0	This expression implies that ancient Israelites imagined that God wrote down his plans in a book.
4943	139:17	e3mj				0	“I consider your thoughts very important” or “Your thoughts are very valuable to me”
4944	139:17	j6ja				0	“Your thoughts are so many.”
4945	139:18	y1h1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This hyperbole means that the writer would be unable to count God’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “there would be more than I could count” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
4946	139:19	g2az		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe		0	The psalmist is only pretending to speak directly to the violent men whom he has in mind. Translators may decide to express this command as a wish. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
4947	139:20	t47k				0	“They rebel against your authority, God”
4948	139:20	lzi8				0	“your enemies lie about you”
4949	139:21	f3gc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. Both of these questions actually make statements. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, I hate those who hate you! I despise those who rise up against you!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4950	139:21	s4kn				0	rebel against
4951	139:23	e3ka		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This is a request for God to tell the psalmist about any sinful thoughts that he may have. Alternate translation: “Please search me” or “I beg you to search me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4952	139:23	s3gp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4953	139:24	r9qy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “way” stands for behavior. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4954	139:24	h9f8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “way” refers to trust and obedience in God. Anyone who “walks” this way will have everlasting life. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4955	140:intro	qi17				0	Psalm 140 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 140 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s protection He prayed that God would save him from his enemies who are lying about him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
4956	140:1	g538		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4957	140:1	gc5w				0	This is for the director of music to use in worship.”
4958	140:2	luc4				0	Here “battles” probably refers to conflict of any kind, including quarrels.
4959	140:3	pz2s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	People who cause conflict by what they say are spoken of as if they had tongues of serpents. Of course, snakes do not do damage with their tongues, but with their bites and especially with poison. Neither can a person make his tongue sharp. Instead, here the idea of a sharp tongue stands for speaking in a way to cause trouble. And the idea the snakes have sharp tongues stands for the fact that many of them have poison. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4960	140:4	b8fg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	That is, the power of the wicked (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4961	140:5	fa3u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The exact kinds of traps are less important than the idea that wicked and proud people are planning to make trouble for the psalmist. If your readers do not know much about different ways of trapping, you may need to reduce this to one line. Alternate translation: “have set a trap to catch me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4962	140:6	w5qu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This is a call for help. Alternate translation: “listen to me as I call to you now for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4963	140:7	c56x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	A person’s head is in great danger during battle. Protecting the person’s head represents protecting the whole person. Alternate translation: “you protect me when I go to war” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4964	140:7	pz1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “battle” probably stands for any kind of severe trouble (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4965	140:8	c5jb				0	“please do not allow the wicked to have what they desire”
4966	140:8	hdj3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	The adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
4967	140:9	gn44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	This is a sign of being arrogant. Alternate translation: “are arrogant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
4968	140:9	x51m				0	This is a prayer that God would make the evildoers suffer from the trouble that they caused by the things they said.
4969	140:9	a8kq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The trouble that they themselves caused by what they said. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4970	140:9	tmk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	That is, stop them from causing any more trouble. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4971	140:10	yxz6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Images of fire stand for severe punishment for the wicked. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4972	140:10	pqf9				0	This is probably a reference to Sheol, the world of the dead.
4973	140:11	sf31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	those who speak evil of others without cause (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4974	140:11	i174				0	“safe in this life”
4975	140:11	k1fm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here evil is spoken of as if it were someone taking revenge on another person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4976	140:12	em3r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as “just.” Alternate translation: “He will act in a just manner to help the needy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4977	140:13	wfl7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4978	141:intro	j6r9				0	Psalm 141 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 141 is a psalm of deliverance from his enemies and from sin. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s correction The author prayed that God would keep him from sinning. He is glad to be corrected by good people. He asked God to show that he is right by destroying the evil leaders of the people. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
4979	141:1	f34t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4980	141:1	gns6				0	“asking you for help”
4981	141:1	uq2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The psalmist speaks as if Yahweh were a person who needed to come from another place to help him. What the psalmist wanted Yahweh to do can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “come quickly to help me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4982	141:1	f66k				0	“Please hear me when I call” or “I beg you to hear me when I call”
4983	141:2	d4jp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The psalmist asks Yahweh to accept and be pleased with his prayer the way he would accept and be pleased with incense. Alternate translation: “May the my prayer please you the way the sweet smell of incense pleases people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4984	141:2	vz6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The psalmist wants Yahweh to be pleased with him because he is praying and because of the words of his prayer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4985	141:2	f9h1				0	“the hands that I have lifted up.” Lifted hands are a metonym for prayer. People lifted their hands when they prayed or praised Yahweh. See how you translated “lift up your hands” in Psalms 134:2.
4986	141:2	vf7s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The means to be like the animal that was burned on the altar in the evening. The psalmist speaks as if he wants Yahweh to be as pleased with him as he is with those who bring animals to sacrifice. He wants Yahweh to be pleased because the psalmist is praying or because of the words of his prayer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4987	141:3	kge1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks as if evil words were prisoners trying to escape from his mouth. Alternate translation: “please help me not to say things that are evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4988	141:3	pt7y				0	“tell someone to guard”
4989	141:3	hf52		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks as if evil words were prisoners trying to escape from his mouth. Alternate translation: “please help me not to say things when I should not” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4990	141:4	cg6p				0	“do sinful deeds”
4991	141:4	ft7c				0	“their special foods”
4992	141:5	z9wf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks as if giving a rebuke were physically hitting someone. Alternate translation: “rebuke me” or “hit me so I will listen when he corrects me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4993	141:5	d396		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “kindness” can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: “he will be acting kindly to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4994	141:5	vbt8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Possible meanings are that the psalmist speaks as if a person correcting him were putting oil on his head (1) to honor him. Alternate translation: “when he corrects me, I will know that the one who corrects me is doing a good deed to me” or (2) to make his head feel better. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4995	141:5	sry9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The head is a synecdoche for the person. The litotes can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “may I accept it gladly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
4996	141:5	m2xw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The words “wicked deeds” are a metonym for the people who do the wicked deeds. Alternate translation: “I always pray that Yahweh will stop wicked people from doing evil deeds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4997	141:6	k4ld		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	Possible meanings are (1) “Someone will throw their leaders down” or (2) “Their leaders will throw them down.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4998	141:6	fj6j				0	ground that goes straight down a long way
4999	141:7	b6wd				0	Possible meanings are (1) “people have thrown our bones around in different directions” or (2) as a result of the fall from the cliffs (141:6) “our bodies are broken and our bones lie in disorder.”
5000	141:8	cjd2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am looking to see what you will do” or “I expect you to help me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5001	141:8	wm6m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	“I am asking you to protect me” See how “take refuge” is translated in Psalms 118:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5002	141:8	wls6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The soul is a metonym for the whole person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5003	141:9	q9db		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of deceiving a good man so the good man will sin or so that the evil people can defeat him as if it were laying a trap for an animal. The word “snares” is a metonym for the people themselves. Alternate translation: “people who are looking for ways to harm me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5004	141:9	y879				0	Bible experts disagree on the exact meanings of these words. It would be best either to translate one of them with the word for a net or cage that contains the prey and the other as a rope or vine that catches the prey by the leg or neck or to translate both with the general word for “traps.” See how these words are translated in Psalms 140:5.
5005	141:9	g9xn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “and protect me from the traps that those who do evil have set” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
5006	141:10	zb2q				0	The psalmist speaks of evil people deceiving good people as if hunters were trapping animals. Alternate translation: “Let the wicked fall into the net traps they have made to trap other people” or “Let the bad things the wicked planned for the righteous happen to the wicked instead”
5007	142:intro	psy6				0	Psalm 142 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 142 is a psalm of deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s help The psalmist is alone, and has many enemies surrounding him. Despite this, Yahweh will help him. Then, good people will join the author. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])
5008	142:1	j93h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5009	142:1	p2w2				0	This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.
5010	142:1	bue5				0	open place under the earth large enough for people to walk around in
5011	142:1	e46x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	If these two lines are so much the same that the reader will get the wrong meaning, you can translate them as one line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
5012	142:1	gl9i				0	“using my voice” -
5013	142:2	e15u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	If these two lines are so much the same that the reader will get the wrong meaning, you can translate them as one line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
5014	142:2	ay1f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of telling Yahweh why he is sad as if he were pouring all of a liquid out of a container. Alternate translation: “I tell him all about why I am sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5015	142:2	vh7u				0	“tell him about everything that makes me worry”
5016	142:3	aks7				0	“I am weak” or “I am extremely discouraged”
5017	142:3	j7ir		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	“you know the path I should take.” The psalmist speaks as if what a person does were a path that that person walked along. Alternate translation: “you know the way I should live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5018	142:3	qy2a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of people wanting to harm him as if they were trying to trap an animal. Alternate translation: “They are making plans so that whatever I do they can harm me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5019	142:4	e9h9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This is a metonym for “me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5020	142:5	d83b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This is a call for help. Alternate translation: “called to you now for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5021	142:5	u3fb				0	Possible meanings are (1) “all I want” or (2) “all I need” or (3) “all I have.”
5022	142:5	v2uk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	This idiom refers to a person being alive, as opposed to a person who is dead and in the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “while I am living” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5023	142:6	t4vr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This is a call for help. See how you translated this in Psalms 5:1. Alternate translation: “Listen to me as I call to you now for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5024	142:6	y2xf				0	Possible meanings are (1) “I am very needy” and (2) “I am very weak.” See how “we are very low” is translated in Psalms 78:8.
5025	142:7	va7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	This is a request. The “soul” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “bring me out of prison” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5026	142:7	w9yx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “name” is a metonym for the person. See how you translated this in Psalms 5:11. Alternate translation: “give thanks to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5027	143:intro	tm9v				0	Psalm 143 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 143 is a deliverance psalm. The author prays for deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s help The author prayed for help from Yahweh against his enemies because he is God’s servant.
5028	143:1	jk8k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5029	143:1	c8pp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The words “my prayer” are a metonym for the person who is praying. See how these words are translated in Psalms 39:12. Alternate translation: “Listen to me as I pray to you” or “Be willing to do what I ask you to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5030	143:2	h1x7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom		0	To “enter into judgment” is an idiom that means to pronounce judgment. Alternate translation: “Please do not judge” or “I beg you not to judge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5031	143:2	ab38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person		0	The psalmist speaks of himself as if he were speaking of another person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
5032	143:2	u6lh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment no one is righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5033	143:3	p6sx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “pursued me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5034	143:3	u666		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Defeating an enemy is spoken of as a heavy object crushing a lighter object on the ground. Alternate translation: “has completely defeated me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5035	143:4	j66k				0	“I am weak” or “I am extremely discouraged”
5036	143:4	yv4a				0	“I no longer have any hope”
5037	143:5	nii3				0	“think about”
5038	143:5	z21m				0	“all that you have accomplished” or “all the great things you have done”
5039	143:6	i96g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	What one does with one’s body here is a metonym for the purpose of doing so. The Israelites would commonly pray while standing with their hands raised and spread out at their sides. Alternate translation: “pray to you with my hands lifted up at my sides” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5040	143:6	c8nl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of wanting to be with God as if he were in a parched land and he also was about to die of thirst. Alternate translation: “I want to be with you the way a person in a parched land who is very thirsty wants water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5041	143:6	x1rn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist desires to know Yahweh. The intensity of his desire to know Yahweh is like one who is very thirsty. Alternate translation: “I long for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5042	143:6	m3qk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The soul is a metonym for the person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5043	143:6	zc2r				0	A land where everything has died because there is no water.
5044	143:7	r837		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	Here the “spirit” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am weak” or “I am very discouraged” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5045	143:7	h5nt				0	This is a request. “I beg you not to hide from me” or “Please, do not hide from me”
5046	143:7	t1s2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of Yahweh refusing to do what the psalmist asks as if Yahweh were refusing to even look at the psalmist. This litotes can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “Do not refuse to listen to me” or “Please listen to me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
5047	143:7	yh17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	Here the word “pit” refers to the place of the dead. This phrase is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “I will become just another dead person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
5048	143:8	cbz8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	“Cause me to hear of your covenant faithfulness” or “Tell me of your covenant faithfulness.” The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Let me hear of how you are faithful to your covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5049	143:8	z9rb				0	Possible meanings are (1) “in the morning,” at the time many people thought was the best time to pray, or (2) “morning by morning,” every day.
5050	143:8	aut8				0	“Tell me”
5051	143:8	e86d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of the way people live as if it were a path on which they walk. Alternate translation: “how you want me to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5052	143:8	idb7				0	Possible meanings are (1) “I pray to you” or (2) “I believe that you will guide and protect me.”
5053	143:9	uh4d				0	Possible meanings are (1) “I flee to you so I can hide” and (2) “I flee to you so you will hide and protect me.”
5054	143:10	hfy5				0	“to do what you want me to do”
5055	143:10	u2i6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) “help me to live righteously” or (2) “may my life be free of trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5056	143:10	kpf6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor for righteous living or (2) “a level land,” a metaphor for life free of trouble. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5057	143:11	drk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh’s name represents his reputation and character. Alternate translation: “because of who you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5058	143:12	d1cl				0	“the enemies who want to take my life”
5059	143:12	wp4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	“Show your covenant faithfulness by cutting off my enemies.” The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Because you are faithful to your covenant, cut off my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5060	143:12	wl46		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	“the enemies of my soul.” My “life” may be understood as representing the speaker. Alternate translation: “my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5061	144:intro	j9c6				0	Psalm 144 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 144 is a worship psalm. It is the first worship psalm in a series consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150). Special concepts in this chapter Safety Psalm 144 is a prayer for safety and prosperity for the nation of Israel.
5062	144:1	kh8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5063	144:1	lg69		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) “the one who keeps me safe” or (2) “the one who gives me strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5064	144:1	r6cj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The words “hands” and “fingers” are synecdoches for “me.” If “war” and “battle” are the same word in your language, you can translate this as one line. Alternate translation: “who trains me for war and trains me for battle” or “who trains me for war” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
5065	144:2	k7jc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with anadverb. Possible meanings are (1) “the one who faithfully loves me” or (2) “the one who faithfully protects me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5066	144:2	bpc6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist uses many metaphors to emphasize that Yahweh will protect him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5067	144:2	naw2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a fortress that protects him from attack. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5068	144:2	v4eq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a shield that protects a soldier. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. See how this is translated in Psalms 18:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5069	144:2	ig17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. Alternate translation: “the one to whom I go so he will protect me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5070	144:2	qyp9				0	“the one who enables me to defeat other nations”
5071	144:3	la8b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Man is so small compared to everything else you have made that I am surprised that you take notice of man and that you think about the son of man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
5072	144:3	e6zt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	two words for human beings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
5073	144:4	hu1p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	The writer compares humans to these thing to emphasize how short their lives are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
5074	144:5	cp6t				0	These words should probably be translated as requests, not commands, since the psalmist knows that God is greater than he is.
5075	144:5	as4e				0	Possible meanings are (1) tear the sky open or (2) bend the heavens like a tree branch bends when someone walks on it or as one bends a bow before shooting arrows.
5076	144:6	jip6				0	These should probably be translated as requests, not commands, since the psalmist knows that God is greater than he is.
5077	144:6	ye36				0	“so they do not know what to think or what to do”
5078	144:7	w63l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	David speaks as if God were on land above a flood and had physical hands with which he could pull David out of a flood. The flood is a metaphor for the troubles caused by the “foreigners.” Alternate translation: “You who are able to act, help me overcome my troubles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5079	144:7	a8fn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the power of foreigners” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5080	144:8	i188		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “mouths” represent the people who speak. Alternate translation: “They speak lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5081	144:8	f1nz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, “they lie even when they swear to tell the truth,” or (2) the “right hand” is a metaphor for power, “everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5082	144:9	wz6d				0	Possible meanings are (1) “a song no one has ever sung before” or (2) “a song I have never sung before.”
5083	144:10	rad1				0	You may end a sentence at the end of Psalms 144:9 and start a new sentence here. “you. It is you who give … kings. It is you who rescued”
5084	144:10	t9g4				0	David speaks of himself as if he were someone else. “me, David, your servant”
5085	144:10	r919		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	David speaks of evil people as if they were the swords they use as weapons. Alternate translation: “from evil people who were trying to kill him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5086	144:11	a7t7				0	“Please rescue me and free me”
5087	144:11	iv5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “hand” refers to power. See how you translated these words in Psalms 144:7. Alternate translation: “from the power of foreigners” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5088	144:11	vu7l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The people are represented by their “mouths.” See how you translated these words in Psalms 144:8. Alternate translation: “They speak lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5089	144:11	me9z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Possible meanings are (1) David speaks of the custom of raising the right hand to swear that what one is about to say in court is true, “they lie even when they swear to tell the truth,” or (2) the “right hand” is a metaphor for power, “everything they have gotten, they have gotten by telling lies.”See how you translated these words Psalms 144:8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5090	144:12	mxt8				0	healthy and strong
5091	144:12	jn5c				0	the time when people develop
5092	144:12	zf8s				0	“may our daughters be like carved corner pillars”
5093	144:12	qvz7				0	“beautiful posts that hold up the corners of a large house”
5094	144:12	ah7c				0	“pillars that are carved to make a palace beautiful”
5095	144:13	m4xe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers		0	“thousands—even tens of thousands!—and fill up our fields” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
5096	144:14	zjd7				0	“No one will be able to invade our city”
5097	144:14	r26v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the outcry is associated with a severe problem that causes the person to cry out. Alternate translation: “no one crying in pain” or “no one crying for help” or “no one calling out for justice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5098	145:intro	nm65				0	Psalm 145 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 145 is a worship psalm. This is the second in a series of worship psalms consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150). Special concepts in this chapter Praise God is worthy of all praise. This is in part because he does such wonderful things for all who worship him.
5099	145:1	rw8s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5100	145:1	dl46				0	“tell people how wonderful you are”
5101	145:1	p5ni		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. See how “may his glorious name be blessed” is translated in Psalms 72:19. Alternate translation: “bless you” or “do what makes you happy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5102	145:2	q3yg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “praise you” or “tell people how great you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5103	145:4	b492				0	“the things you can do because you are strong”
5104	145:7	ri73				0	“tell others how very good you are”
5105	145:8	jqk7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of covenant faithfulness as if it were a physical object of which one could possess a large amount. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “completely faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5106	145:9	k61r				0	“people can see him showing mercy in everything he does”
5107	145:10	v1rj				0	“All the people you have made will give thanks” or “It will be as if everything you have made will give you thanks”
5108	145:13	yys6				0	“remains forever”
5109	145:14	f2te		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The psalmist speaks of Yahweh encouraging people as if he were helping people who were physically weak. You may need to translate both lines using only one line. AT “encourages those who are discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5110	145:15	w41b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the word “eyes” represents those who watch and wait for Yahweh to act. Alternate translation: “Everyone watches and waits” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5111	145:16	xft8				0	“You generously provide”
5112	145:16	b2bx				0	“you give everyone more than they need and as much as they want”
5113	145:17	h9wa				0	“People can see from everything that Yahweh does that he is righteous”
5114	145:17	h24t				0	“and he is gracious in all he does” or “people can see from everything that Yahweh does that he is gracious”
5115	145:18	kq17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Here “is near” means “ready to help.” Alternate translation: “is always ready to help all those who call to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5116	145:18	v98h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “to all who tell only the truth when they pray” or “to all whom he trusts when they pray” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5117	145:21	asw2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here the words “My mouth” represent the one speaking. Alternate translation: “I will speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5118	145:21	t2tr				0	“tell everyone how good Yahweh is”
5119	145:21	nc4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. See how “may his glorious name be blessed” is translated in Psalms 72:19. Alternate translation: “let all people bless him” or “let all people do what makes him happy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5120	146:intro	s9dj				0	Psalm 146 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 146 is a worship psalm. It is the third in series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) Special concepts in this chapter Trust Trusting people for protection is useless because they die. But God blesses everyone who trusts in him. He provides everything people need. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
5121	146:1	xb8v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5122	146:1	jq1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “soul” represents the writer’s inner being. The writer is commanding his inner being to praise Yahweh. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will praise Yahweh with all my soul” or “I give praise to Yahweh with all my life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5123	146:2	isg7				0	“until I die” or “while I live”
5124	146:3	x34i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	Here “princes” represents all human leaders. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5125	146:3	br6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as “save.” Alternate translation: “in any person because they cannot save you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5126	146:3	ure6				0	“in humankind” or “in people”
5127	146:4	xqq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism		0	This is a polite way to refer to someone dying. Alternate translation: When a person dies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
5128	146:4	c8h2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	This means that just as God made the first human, Adam, from the soil, so will a person’s body decay and become soil again when he dies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5129	146:6	ci47		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	The words “heaven” and “earth” represent everything that exists in the physical universe. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
5130	146:6	ca4t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “trustworthiness” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “remains trustworthy” or “remains faithful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5131	146:7	zbn6				0	“He decides matters fairly”
5132	146:7	kk2i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “for oppressed people” or “for those whom other people oppress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
5133	146:7	key9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “to hungry people” or “to those who are hungry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
5134	146:8	tjb6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Causing a blind person to see is spoken of as if Yahweh were opening the person’s eyes. Alternate translation: “causes the blind to see” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5135	146:8	pav7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This nominal adjective can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “blind people” or “those who are blind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
5136	146:8	ey4k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh helping someone is spoken of as if he were physically helping someone to stand up. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helps those who are discouraged” or “Yahweh helps those who are weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5137	146:8	ml15		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction		0	This action is a sign of distress or mourning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
5138	146:9	l8p2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	God helping someone is spoken of as if he were physically lifting them up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5139	146:10	kr81		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here “Zion” represents all the people of Israel. The writer is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were there listening to him. Alternate translation: “your God, people of Israel” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
5140	146:10	il4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The words “will reign” are understood. Alternate translation: “will reign for all generations” or “will reign forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
5141	147:intro	z5be				0	Psalm 147 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 147 is a worship psalm. It is the fourth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) Special concepts in this chapter Yahweh’s control Yahweh has created everything and controls all of nature. He provides for the animals and people.
5142	147:1	u7wi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5143	147:1	g689		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The object may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “it is pleasant to sing praises” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
5144	147:1	i9pm				0	“praise is fitting” or “praise is appropriate”
5145	147:3	ip6s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of the people’s sorrow and discouragement as if they were physical wounds, and of Yahweh encouraging them as if he were healing those wounds. Alternate translation: “He encourages those who are sad and helps them to heal from their emotional wounds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5146	147:5	sq6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can measure his understanding” or “his understanding has no limit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5147	147:6	ret4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh honoring those who are oppressed as if Yahweh were lifting them up from the ground. Alternate translation: “Yahweh honors the oppressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5148	147:6	j87w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh humiliating the wicked as if Yahweh were forcing them to lie on the ground. Alternate translation: “he humiliates the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5149	147:7	x7xx				0	“while playing a harp”
5150	147:9	y81a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The verbal phrase can be supplied from the previous line. Alternate translation: “he gives food to the young ravens when they cry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
5151	147:9	hrg8				0	“whey they chirp” or “when they call”
5152	147:10	ih2w				0	“Strong horses do not delight him”
5153	147:10	vg8p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Possible meanings are (1) “strong legs” is a metonym that represents how swiftly a man can run. Alternate translation: “men who can run swiftly” or (2) “strong legs” represents the strength of the whole man. Alternate translation: “how strong a man is” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5154	147:11	fe9n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be translated with and adjective. Alternate translation: “who trust him because he is faithful to his covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5155	147:12	c1ra		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks to Jerusalem, which he also calls Zion, as if it were a person. The names of the city are metonyms for the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “people of Jerusalem … people of Zion” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5156	147:13	v5j1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The phrase “the bars of your gates” represent the city as a whole. Yahweh will make Jerusalem secure from enemy invasion. Alternate translation: “For he protects Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5157	147:13	kjw5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of those who live in Jerusalem as if they were Jerusalem’s children. Alternate translation: “he blesses those who live in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5158	147:14	jv5d				0	“He brings peace.” Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh causes the people who live in Jerusalem to prosper materially and financially or (2) the word translated as “prosperity” means “peace” and Yahweh keeps Jerusalem safe from enemy attack.
5159	147:15	a37s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer describes God’s command as if it were a messenger that moves quickly to deliver God’s message. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5160	147:16	c1ee		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	These emphasize how easy it is for him to do these things. He covers the ground with snow as easily as a person covers something with a wool blanket. And, he removes the frost as easily as the wind blows ashes. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
5161	147:17	nl42		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile		0	Yahweh scatters hail as easily as a person would scatter bread crumbs. Alternate translation: “He dispenses the hail easily, as if it were crumbs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
5162	147:17	ljb8				0	“He sends”
5163	147:17	iq6h				0	small pieces of ice that fall from the sky like rain
5164	147:17	sid1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion		0	The writer uses this question to emphasize that it is difficult to endure the cold weather that Yahweh causes. Alternate translation: “no one can live in the cold he sends.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
5165	147:18	db1u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s command as if it were his messenger. The word “command” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “He commands the ice to melt” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5166	147:19	h3ti		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh gave his law only to Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5167	147:19	m4av		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	The verbal phrase can be supplied from the previous line. Alternate translation: “He proclaimed his statutes and his righteous decrees to Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
5168	147:19	c558		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet		0	The words “statutes” and “righteous decrees,” along with “word” in the previous line, all refer to the law of Moses. If your language does not have different words for these terms, you may combine the two lines into one, using either “Jacob” or “Israel” for the people who received them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
5169	147:20	s9ly				0	The other nations do not know Yahweh’s decrees.
5170	148:intro	ug77				0	Psalm 148 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 148 is a worship psalm. It is the fifth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) Special concepts in this chapter Praise All creation, including humans, should praise God for his greatness.
5171	148:1	hy45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5172	148:1	y3gp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	“Praise Yahweh, you in the heavens … you in the sky.” These two lines are parallel, with phrase “the heights” meaning the same thing as “the heavens” in the previous line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5173	148:3	ri28		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks to the sun and moon as if they were people and commands them to praise Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Praise Yahweh, sun and moon, as people do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5174	148:3	qw9e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks to the shining stars as if they were people and commands them to praise Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Praise Yahweh, shining stars, as people do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5175	148:4	ek5l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The phrase “highest heaven” is an idiom that refers to heaven itself. The writer speaks to heaven as if it were a person and commands it to praise Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Praise Yahweh, highest heaven, as people do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5176	148:4	vf7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks to “the waters that are above the sky” as if they are people and commands them to praise Yahweh. The verbal phrase can be supplied from the previous line. Alternate translation: “praise him, you waters that are above the sky, as people do” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
5177	148:4	ut7b				0	The writer speaks of a place above the sky where water is stored and from which the rain comes.
5178	148:5	ch3d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “Let them praise Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5179	148:5	tcm6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive		0	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he created them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5180	148:6	c9ty				0	Possible meanings are (1) “he gave a command that is permanent” or (2) “he gave a command that they will not disobey.”
5181	148:6	n8cn				0	“he gave”
5182	148:7	n48i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	This phrase represents every creature that lives in the depths of the oceans. Alternate translation: “all creatures in the ocean depths” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5183	148:8	s17i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer speaks to these natural phenomena as if they are people and commands them to praise Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5184	148:8	u52w				0	“stormy wind that does what Yahweh commands”
5185	148:9	e5cz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	The writer continues to speak to things that are not human as if they were people and commands them to praise Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5186	148:10	b65a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	The words “wild” and “tame” are opposites. Together they encompass all animals. Alternate translation: “all animals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
5187	148:11	j3b1				0	The writer commands all people to praise Yahweh.
5188	148:11	w92u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “nations” represents the people who live in those nations. Alternate translation: “people of every nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5189	148:12	g9p4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism		0	The writer uses two merisms, one related to gender and one related to age, to represent every person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
5190	148:13	r7cb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	Here the word “name” represents Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, for he alone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5191	148:13	lr9t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s greatness as his glory being high above earth and heaven. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5192	148:14	qn5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of strength as if it were the horn of an animal. Lifting up an animal horn was a symbolic action that represented military victory. Alternate translation: “He has made his people strong” or “He has given his people victory” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
5193	148:14	wv8t				0	“so that all his faithful ones praise him”
5194	148:14	n4ru		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	The writer speaks of Yahweh loving his people as if his people were physically close to him. Alternate translation: “the people he loves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5195	149:intro	au8i				0	Psalm 149 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 149 is a worship psalm. It is the sixth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) Special concepts in this chapter Praise The people of Israel should praise God and conquer the other nations.
5196	149:1	p2dk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns		0	The psalmist is speaking to all of God’s people, so you should use the plural command form if your language has one. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5197	149:1	e71a				0	Possible meanings are (1) “a song you have never sung before” or (2) a song no one has ever sung before.
5198	149:1	vlr1				0	“praise him with songs”
5199	149:2	r1nd				0	Possible meanings are (1) “rejoice because he made them” or (2) “rejoice because the one who made them is good.”
5200	149:2	jyp7				0	The words “their king” is likely a reference to God. Possible meanings are (1) “rejoice because he is their king” or (2) “rejoice because their king is good.”
5201	149:3	isj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The word “name” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “praise him” or “tell people how great he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5202	149:3	pu1i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown		0	a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
5203	149:4	hrp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “glorifies the humble by saving them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5204	149:4	t8tz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj		0	This can be restated to remove the nominal adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are humble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
5205	149:5	b5tj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit		0	The translation can make explicit that this refers to when a person lies down at night to sleep in a bed. Alternate translation: “as they lie down to sleep at night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5206	149:6	s1s6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche		0	The mouth represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “May they always be ready to praise God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5207	149:6	pq93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis		0	If swords are not known, use the name of a local weapon. The word “sword” is a metonym for being ready to fight in war. Alternate translation: “may they always be ready to go to war for him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5208	149:7	c66f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy		0	The phrase “the nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5209	149:8	ka3y				0	These are made of heavy metal and restrict the movement of prisoners.
5210	149:8	ety5				0	a pair of chains or bands with a chain between that limits the movement of both a person’s hands or feet.
5211	149:9	jie7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns		0	The abstract noun “judgment” can be stated as “judge.” Alternate translation: “They will judge and punish the people of those nations as God wrote should be done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5212	150:intro	r7f5				0	Psalm 150 General Notes Type of psalm Psalm 150 is a worship psalm. It is last in a series of worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150) Special concepts in this chapter Instruments People should praise Yahweh with every type of musical instrument.
5213	150:1	jx5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry		0	This focuses on praise or worship that is most commonly held in the temple. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5214	150:1	djp3				0	God’s temple was often referred to as his holy place. This was the most common place to go to worship God.
5215	150:2	e6ff				0	“the great things he has done.” God’s “mighty acts” can possibly mean (1) natural such as thunderstorms and earthquakes or (2) miraculous such as healings and great victories in battle.
5216	150:3	uqx4				0	This chunk focuses on praising or worshiping God with musical instruments and dance.
5217	150:4	m4dg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown		0	A tambourine is a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
5218	150:5	yat3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown		0	two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
5219	150:6	c7iw				0	This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 5 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 107 and ends with Psalm 150.
5220	150:6	ht6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole		0	This is an exaggeration that calls on all people who are alive to praise God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])