ml_tn/tn_HEB.tsv

Reference	ID	Tags	SupportReference	Quote	Occurrence	Note
front:intro	xy4n				0	# Introduction to Hebrews\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the Book of Hebrews\n\n1. Jesus is superior to God’s prophets and angels (1:1-4:13)\n1. Jesus is superior to the priests who serve in the temple in Jerusalem (4:14-7:28)\n1. Jesus’ ministry is superior to the old covenant that God made with his people (8:1-10:39)\n1. What faith is like (11:1-40)\n1. Encouragement to be faithful to God (12:1-29)\n1. Concluding encouragements and greetings (13:1-25)\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Hebrews?\n\nNo one knows who wrote Hebrews. Scholars have suggested several different people who could possibly be the author. Possible authors are Paul, Luke, and Barnabas. The date of writing is also not known. Most scholars think it was written before A.D. 70. Jerusalem was destroyed in A.D. 70, but the writer of this letter spoke about Jerusalem as if it had not yet been destroyed.\n\n### What is the Book of Hebrews about?\n\nIn the Book of Hebrews, the author shows that Jesus fulfilled Old Testament prophecies. The author did this in order to encourage the Jewish Christians and to explain that Jesus is better than anything that the old covenant had to offer. Jesus is the perfect High Priest. Jesus was also the perfect sacrifice. Animal sacrifices became useless because Jesus’ sacrifice was once and for all time. Therefore, Jesus is the one and only way for people to be accepted by God.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nTranslators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “Hebrews.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The Letter to the Hebrews” or “A Letter to the Jewish Christians.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### Can readers understand this book without knowing about the sacrifices and the work of the priests required in the Old Testament?\n\nIt would be very difficult for readers to understand this book without understanding these matters. Translators might consider explaining some of these Old Testament concepts in notes or in an introduction to this book.\n\n### How is the idea of blood used in the Book of Hebrews?\n\nBeginning in [Hebrews 9:7](../../heb/09/07.md), the idea of blood is often used as metonymy to represent the death of any animal that was sacrificed according to God’s covenant with Israel. The author also used blood to represent the death of Jesus Christ. Jesus became the perfect sacrifice so that God would forgive people for sinning against him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])\n\nBeginning in [Hebrews 9:19](../../heb/09/19.md), the author used the idea of sprinkling as a symbolic action. Old Testament priests sprinkled the blood of the animals sacrificed. This was a symbol of the benefits of the animal’s death being applied to the people or to an object. This showed that the people or the object was acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### How are the ideas of “holy” and “sanctify” represented in Hebrews in the ULT?\n\nThe scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, the ULT uses the following principles:\n\n* Sometimes the meaning in a passage implies moral holiness. Especially important for understanding the gospel is the fact that God views Christians as sinless because they are united to Jesus Christ. Another related fact is that God is perfect and faultless. A third fact that Christians are to conduct themselves in a blameless, faultless manner in life. In these cases, the ULT uses “holy,” “holy God,” “holy ones,” or “holy people.”\n* Sometimes the meaning indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULT uses “believer” or “believers.” (See: 6:10; 13:24)\n* Sometimes the meaning implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULT uses “sanctify,” “set apart,” “dedicated to,” or “reserved for.” (See: 2:11: 9:13; 10:10, 14, 29; 13:12)\n\nThe UST will often be helpful as translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions.\n\n### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Hebrews?\n\nFor the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.\n\n* “you crowned him with glory and honor” (2:7). Some older versions read, “you crowned him with glory and honor and you have put him over the works of your hands.”\n* “those who did not unite in faith with those who obeyed” (4:2). Some older versions read, “those who heard it without joining faith to it.”\n* “Christ came as a high priest of the good things that have come” (9:11). Some modern versions and older versions read, “Christ came as a high priest of the good things that are to come.”\n* “on those who were prisoners” (10:34). Some older versions read, “of me in my chains.”\n* “They were stoned. They were sawn in two. They were killed with the sword” (11:37). Some older versions read, “They were stoned. They were sawn in two. They were tempted. They were killed with the sword.”\n* “If even an animal touches the mountain, it must be stoned” (12:20). Some older versions read, “If even an animal touches the mountain, it must be stoned or shot with an arrow.”\n\n(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
1:intro	aaf9				0	# Hebrews 01 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter describes how Jesus is more important to us than the angels are.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 1:5, 7-13, which are words from the Old Testament.\n\n### “Our ancestors”\n\nThe writer wrote this letter to Christians who had grown up as Jews. This is why the letter is called “Hebrews.”\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nThe author uses rhetorical questions as a way of proving Jesus is better than the angels. Both he and the readers know the answers to the questions, and the writer knows that as the readers think about the answers to the questions, they will realize that God’s Son is more important than any of the angels.\n\n### Poetry\n\nJewish teachers, like the Old Testament prophets, would put their most important teachings in the form of poetry so that the hearers would be able to learn and remember them.
1:1	c5f3				0	Although this letter does not mention the recipients to whom it was sent, the author wrote particularly to Hebrews (Jews), who would have understood the many Old Testament references.
1:1	c5f4				0	This prologue lays the background for the whole book: the unsurpassing greatness of the Son — the Son is greater than all. The book begins with emphasizing that the Son is better than the prophets and the angels.
1:2	scr8			ἐπ’ ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν τούτων	1	“in these final days.” This phrase refers to the time when Jesus began his ministry, extending until God establishes his complete rule in his creation.
1:2	d386		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ἐν Υἱῷ	1	“Son” here is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
1:2	i93z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἔθηκεν κληρονόμον πάντων	1	The author speaks of the Son as if he will inherit wealth and property from his Father. Alternate translation: “to possess all things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:2	gqj8			δι’ οὗ καὶ ἐποίησεν τοὺς αἰῶνας;	1	“It is through the Son that God also made all things”
1:3	hn4q			ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης	1	“the light of his glory.” God’s glory is associated with a very bright light. The author is saying that the Son embodies that light and fully represents God’s glory.
1:3	b7jc			τῆς δόξης καὶ χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ	1	“glory, the image of God’s being.” The “the exact representation of his being” is similar in meaning to “the brightness of God’s glory.” The Son embodies the character and essence of God and fully represents everything that God is. Alternate translation: “glory and is just like God” or “glory, and what is true about God is true about the Son”
1:3	ms8z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ	1	“his powerful word.” Here “word” refers to a message or command. Alternate translation: “his powerful command” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:3	l1pg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	καθαρισμὸν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ποιησάμενος	1	The abstract noun “cleansing” can be expressed as a verb: “making clean.” Alternate translation: “After he had finished making us clean from sins” or “After he had finished purifying us from our sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1:3	f729		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	καθαρισμὸν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ποιησάμενος	1	The author speaks of forgiving sins as if it were making a person clean. Alternate translation: “he had made it possible for God to forgive our sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:3	xij7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τῆς Μεγαλωσύνης ἐν ὑψηλοῖς	1	To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “he sat down at the place of honor and authority beside the Majesty on high” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1:3	ir7x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	δεξιᾷ τῆς Μεγαλωσύνης ἐν ὑψηλοῖς	1	Here “Majesty” refers to God. Alternate translation: “God Most High” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:4	mn1p				0	The first prophetic quotation (You are my son) comes from the Psalms. The prophet Samuel wrote the second one (I will be a father to him). All occurrences of “he” refer to Jesus, the Son. The word “You” refers to Jesus, and the words “I” and “me” refer to God the Father.
1:4	x4bh			γενόμενος	1	“The Son has become”
1:4	fzg3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὅσῳ διαφορώτερον παρ’ αὐτοὺς, κεκληρονόμηκεν ὄνομα	1	Here “name” refers to honor and authority. Alternate translation: “as the honor and authority he has inherited is superior to their honor and authority” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:4	qt7q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	κεκληρονόμηκεν	1	The author speaks of receiving honor and authority as if he were inheriting wealth and property from his father. Alternate translation: “he has received” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:5	ww5h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τίνι γὰρ εἶπέν ποτε τῶν ἀγγέλων, Υἱός μου εἶ σύ & μοι εἰς Υἱόν?	1	This question emphasizes that God does not call any angel his son. Alternate translation: “For God never said to any of the angels ‘You are my son … a son to me.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:5	t48e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Υἱός μου εἶ σύ & ἐγὼ & γεγέννηκά σε	1	These two phrases mean essentially the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1:6	b6dy				0	The first quotation in this section, “All God’s angels … him,” comes from one of the books that Moses wrote. The second quotation, “He is the one who makes … fire,” is from the Psalms.
1:6	b4s2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸν πρωτότοκον	1	This means Jesus. The author refers to him as the “firstborn” to emphasize the Son’s importance and authority over everyone else. It does not imply that there was a time before Jesus existed or that God has other sons like Jesus. Alternate translation: “his honored Son, his only Son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:6	n7ph			λέγει	1	“God says”
1:7	isd8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα, καὶ τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα	1	Possible meanings are (1) “God has made his angels to be spirits who serve him with power like flames of fire” or (2) God makes the wind and flames of fire his messengers and servants. In the original language the word for “angel” is the same as “messenger,” and the word for “spirits” is the same as “wind.” With either possible meaning, the point is that the angels serve the Son because he is superior. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:8	vl1n				0	This scriptual quotation comes from the Psalms.
1:8	p1xx			πρὸς δὲ τὸν Υἱόν	1	“But God says this to the Son”
1:8	b155		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τὸν Υἱόν	1	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
1:8	ewm4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὁ θρόνος σου, ὁ Θεὸς, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος	1	The Son’s throne represents his rule. Alternate translation: “You are God, and your reign will last forever and ever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:8	k4cf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἡ ῥάβδος τῆς εὐθύτητος ῥάβδος τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ	1	Here “scepter” refers to the Son’s rule. Alternate translation: “And you will rule over the people of your kingdom with justice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:9	t9yw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἔχρισέν σε & ἔλαιον ἀγαλλιάσεως παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους σου	1	Here “oil of joy” refers to the joy that the Son felt when God honored him. Alternate translation: “has honored you and made you more joyful than anyone else” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:10	nsd4				0	This quotation comes from another Psalm.
1:10	zp5r				0	The author continues explaining that Jesus is superior to the angels.
1:10	tmu5			κατ’ ἀρχάς	1	“Before anything existed”
1:10	j64k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὴν γῆν ἐθεμελίωσας	1	The author speaks of God creating the earth as if he built a building on a foundation. Alternate translation: “you created the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:10	r19v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν σού εἰσιν οἱ οὐρανοί	1	Here “hands” refer to God’s power and action. Alternate translation: “You made the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:11	a6le			αὐτοὶ ἀπολοῦνται	1	“The heavens and earth will disappear” or “The heavens and earth will no longer exist”
1:11	qy4e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὡς ἱμάτιον παλαιωθήσονται	1	The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were a piece of clothing that will get old and eventually become useless. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1:12	n4hl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὡσεὶ περιβόλαιον ἑλίξεις αὐτούς	1	The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were a robe or another kind of outer garment. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1:12	iv4r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὡς ἱμάτιον καὶ ἀλλαγήσονται	1	The author speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were clothing that could be exchanged for other clothing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1:12	i761		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀλλαγήσονται	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will change them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1:12	v5mf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἔτη σου οὐκ ἐκλείψουσιν	1	Periods of time are used to represent God’s eternal existence. Alternate translation: “your life will never end” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:13	pqs9				0	This quotation comes from another Psalm.
1:13	kz68		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	πρὸς τίνα δὲ τῶν ἀγγέλων εἴρηκέν ποτε & τῶν ποδῶν σου?	1	The author uses a question to emphasize that God has never said this to an angel. Alternate translation: “But God has never said to an angel at any time … feet.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:13	s6k7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου	1	To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “Sit in the place of honor beside me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1:13	ulp5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου, ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου	1	Christ’s enemies are spoken of as if they will become an object on which a king rests his feet. This image represents defeat and dishonor for his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:14	fk5v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ πάντες εἰσὶν λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα & κληρονομεῖν σωτηρίαν?	1	The author uses this question to remind the readers that angels are not as powerful as Christ, but they have a different role. Alternate translation: “All angels are spirits who … inherit salvation.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:14	v541		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	διὰ τοὺς μέλλοντας κληρονομεῖν σωτηρίαν	1	Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “for those whom God will save” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:intro	s2gd				0	# Hebrews 02 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is about how Jesus is better than Moses, the greatest Israelite.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:6-8, 12-13, which are words from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Brothers\n\nThe author probably uses the term “brothers” to refer to Christians who grew up as Jews.
2:1	x7px				0	This is the first of five urgent warnings the author gives.
2:1	c72f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	δεῖ & ἡμᾶς	1	Here “we” refers to the author and includes his audience. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2:1	ayd1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μήποτε παραρυῶμεν	1	Possible meanings for this metaphor are (1) people who stop believing in God’s word are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop believing it” or (2) people who stop obeying God’s words are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop obeying it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:2	j4fa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰ γὰρ ὁ δι’ ἀγγέλων λαληθεὶς λόγος	1	The Jews believed that God spoke his law to Moses through angels. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For if the message that God spoke through the angels” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:2	k5kb			εἰ γὰρ ὁ & λόγος	1	The author is certain that these things are true. Alternate translation: “Because the message”
2:2	u52i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	πᾶσα παράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ ἔλαβεν ἔνδικον μισθαποδοσίαν	1	Here “trespass” and “disobedience” stand for the people who are guilty of these sins. Alternate translation: “every person who sins and disobeys will receive just punishment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:2	y2y7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	παράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ	1	These two words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2:3	fv4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	πῶς ἡμεῖς ἐκφευξόμεθα τηλικαύτης ἀμελήσαντες σωτηρίας?	1	The author uses a question to emphasize that the people will certainly receive punishment if they refuse God’s salvation through Christ. Alternate translation: “then God will certainly punish us if we do not pay attention to his message about how God will save us!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:3	i2zv			ἀμελήσαντες	1	“pay no attention to” or “consider unimportant”
2:3	gm6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἥτις ἀρχὴν λαβοῦσα, λαλεῖσθαι διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου, ὑπὸ τῶν ἀκουσάντων εἰς ἡμᾶς ἐβεβαιώθη	1	This can be stated in active form. The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “The Lord himself first announced the message about how God will save us and then those who heard the message confirmed it to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:4	m2p8			κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ θέλησιν	1	“in just the way he wanted to do it”
2:5	jh56				0	The quotation here is from the book of Psalms in the Old Testament. It continues on through the next section.
2:5	v7qf				0	The writer reminds these Hebrew believers that the earth will one day be under the rule of the Lord Jesus.
2:5	i3bh			οὐ γὰρ ἀγγέλοις ὑπέταξεν	1	“For God did not make the angels rulers over”
2:5	rqr9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὴν οἰκουμένην τὴν μέλλουσαν	1	Here “world” refers to the people who live there. And “to come” means that this is the world in the next age after Christ returns. Alternate translation: “the people who will live in the new world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:6	df5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος, ὅτι μιμνῄσκῃ αὐτοῦ	1	This rhetorical question emphasizes the insignificance of humans and expresses surprise that God would pay attention to them. Alternate translation: “Humans are insignificant, and yet you are mindful of them!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:6	wkd9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἢ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου, ὅτι ἐπισκέπτῃ αὐτόν?	1	The idiom “son of man” refers to human beings. This rhetorical question means basically the same thing as the first question. It expresses surprise that God would care for humans, who are insignificant. Alternate translation: “Human beings are of little importance, and yet you care for them!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:6	e47v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἢ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου	1	The verb may be supplied from the previous question. Alternate translation: “Or what is a son of man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2:7	ka5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν, βραχύ τι παρ’ ἀγγέλους	1	The author speaks of people being less important than angels as if the people are standing in a position that is lower than the angels’ position. Alternate translation: “less important than the angels” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:7	tjn6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν & ἐστεφάνωσας αὐτόν	1	Here, these phrases do not refer to a specific person but to humans in general, including both males and females. Alternate translation: “made humans … crowned them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2:7	s85x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	δόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ἐστεφάνωσας αὐτόν	1	The gifts of glory and honor are spoken of as if they were a wreath of leaves placed on the head of a victorious athlete. Alternate translation: “you have given them great glory and honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:8	ac9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ & αὐτῷ	1	Here, these phrases do not refer to a specific person but to humans in general, including both males and females. Alternate translation: “their feet … to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2:8	k5j2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πάντα ὑπέταξας ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ	1	The author speaks of humans having control over everything as if they have stepped on everything with their feet. Alternate translation: “You have given them control over everything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:8	rf44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐδὲν ἀφῆκεν αὐτῷ ἀνυπότακτον	1	This double negative means that all things will be subject to Christ. Alternate translation: “God made everything subject to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2:8	xy7c			οὔπω ὁρῶμεν αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα ὑποτεταγμένα	1	“we know that humans are not in control of everything yet”
2:9	ijd1				0	The writer reminds these Hebrew believers that Christ became lower than the angels when he came to earth to suffer death for forgiveness of sins, and that he became a merciful high priest to believers.
2:9	gi12			βλέπομεν Ἰησοῦν	1	“we know there is one”
2:9	ma4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἠλαττωμένον	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God made” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:9	i4fc			παρ’ ἀγγέλους ἠλαττωμένον & δόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ἐστεφανωμένον	1	See how you translated these words in [Hebrews 2:7](../02/07.md).
2:9	bil4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	γεύσηται θανάτου	1	The experience of death is spoken of as if it were food that people can taste. Alternate translation: “he might experience death” or “he might die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:10	r899		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πολλοὺς υἱοὺς εἰς δόξαν ἀγαγόντα	1	The gift of glory is spoken of here as if it were a place to which people could be brought. Alternate translation: “save many sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:10	l95y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	πολλοὺς υἱοὺς	1	Here this refers to believers in Christ, including males and females. Alternate translation: “many believers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2:10	sw9t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς σωτηρίας αὐτῶν	1	Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of salvation as if it were a destination and of Jesus as the person who goes before the people on the road and leads them to salvation. Alternate translation: “the one who leads people to salvation” or (2) the word translated here as “leader” can mean “founder” and the author speaks of Jesus as the one who establishes salvation, or makes it possible for God to save people. Alternate translation: “the one who makes their salvation possible” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:10	l321		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τελειῶσαι	1	Becoming mature and completely trained is spoken of as if a person were made complete, perhaps complete in all his body parts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:11	jy9p				0	This prophetic quotation comes from a Psalm of King David.
2:11	ky9v			ὅ & ἁγιάζων	1	“the one who makes others holy” or “the one who makes others pure from sin”
2:11	jzw3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οἱ ἁγιαζόμενοι	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom he makes holy” or “those whom he makes pure from sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:11	bj7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐξ ἑνὸς	1	Who that source is can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “have one source, God himself” or “have the same Father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:11	ul23			οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται	1	“Jesus is not ashamed”
2:11	k1q5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοὺς καλεῖν	1	This double negative means that he will claim them as his brothers. Alternate translation: “is pleased to call them his brothers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2:11	a8h9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοὺς	1	Here this refers to all who have believed in Jesus, including both men and women. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2:12	e88p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἀπαγγελῶ τὸ ὄνομά σου τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου	1	Here “name” refers to the person’s reputation and what they have done. Alternate translation: “I will proclaim to my brothers the great things you have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:12	tn8n			ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας	1	“when believers come together to worship God”
2:13	dx1q				0	The prophet Isaiah wrote these quotations.
2:13	s1fp			καὶ πάλιν,	1	“And a prophet wrote in another scripture passage what Christ said about God:”
2:13	xap9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὰ παιδία	1	This speaks about those who believe in Christ as if they were children. Alternate translation: “those who are like my children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:14	qj3d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὰ παιδία	1	This speaks about those who believe in Christ as if they were children. Alternate translation: “those who are like my children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:14	ndv2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	κεκοινώνηκεν αἵματος καὶ σαρκός	1	The phrase “flesh and blood” refers to people’s human nature. Alternate translation: “are all human beings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:14	fy7a			αὐτὸς παραπλησίως μετέσχεν τῶν αὐτῶν	1	“Jesus in the same way shared in flesh and blood” or “Jesus became human in the same way they did”
2:14	p878		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	διὰ τοῦ θανάτου	1	Here “death” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “by dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:14	ij54		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὸ κράτος ἔχοντα τοῦ θανάτου	1	Here “death” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “has the power to cause people to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:15	w3cr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀπαλλάξῃ τούτους, ὅσοι φόβῳ θανάτου, διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ζῆν, ἔνοχοι ἦσαν δουλείας	1	The fear of death is spoken of as if it were slavery. Taking away someone’s fear is spoken of as it were freeing that person from slavery. Alternate translation: “This was so he might free all people. For we lived like slaves because we were afraid of dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:16	d4cc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σπέρματος Ἀβραὰμ	1	Descendants of Abraham are spoken of as if they were his seed. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Abraham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:17	agw2			ὤφειλεν	1	“it was necessary for Jesus”
2:17	v3pw			τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ὁμοιωθῆναι	1	Here “brothers” refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “like human beings”
2:17	u6ch			εἰς τὸ ἱλάσκεσθαι τὰς ἁμαρτίας τοῦ λαοῦ	1	Christ’s death on the cross means that God can forgive sins. Alternate translation: “he would make it possible for God to forgive people’s sins”
2:18	xde4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πειρασθείς	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Satan tempted him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:18	a3a6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πειραζομένοις	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom Satan is tempting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:intro	mu26				0	# Hebrews 03 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:7-11,15, which are words from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Brothers\n\nThe author probably uses the term “brothers” to refer to Christians who grew up as Jews.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Harden your hearts\n\nA person who hardens his heart is a person who will not listen to or obey God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nThe author uses rhetorical questions as a way of warning his readers. Both he and the readers know the answers to the questions, and the writer knows that as the readers think about the answers to the questions, they will realize that they need to listen to God and obey him.
3:1	m1cv				0	This second warning is longer and more detailed and includes chapters 3 and 4. The writer begins by showing that Christ is better than his servant Moses.
3:1	tp7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀδελφοὶ ἅγιοι	1	Here “brothers” refer to fellow Christians, including both men and women. Alternate translation: “holy brothers and sisters” or “my holy fellow believers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
3:1	af15		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	κλήσεως ἐπουρανίου, μέτοχοι	1	Here “heavenly” represents God. Alternate translation: “God has called us together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:1	zma3			τὸν ἀπόστολον καὶ ἀρχιερέα τῆς	1	Here the word “apostle” means someone who has been sent. In this passage, it does not refer to any of the twelve apostles. Alternate translation: “the one whom God sent and is the high priest”
3:1	mnd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῆς ὁμολογίας ἡμῶν	1	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “confession” is expressed as the verb “confess.” Alternate translation: “whom we confess” or “in whom we believe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:2	eqp7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ	1	The Hebrew people to whom God revealed himself are spoken of as if they were a literal house. Alternate translation: “to all of God’s people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:3	py5n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὗτος & ἠξίωται	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has considered Jesus” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:4	f8n8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ & πάντα κατασκευάσας	1	God’s acts of creating the world are spoken of as if he had built a house. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:4	wvw1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πᾶς & οἶκος κατασκευάζεται ὑπό τινος	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “every house has someone who built it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:5	d57q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ	1	The Hebrew people to whom God revealed himself are spoken of as if they were a literal house. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:2](../03/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:5	m4xr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	εἰς μαρτύριον τῶν	1	This phrase probably refers to all of Moses’ work. Alternate translation: “Moses’ life and work pointed to the things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:5	gt8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	λαληθησομένων	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Jesus would say in the future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:6	dgt5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸς	1	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
3:6	djm7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ	1	This speaks about God’s people as if they were a literal house. Alternate translation: “who rules over God’s people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:6	ly4x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οὗ οἶκός ἐσμεν ἡμεῖς	1	This speaks of God’s people as if they are a literal house. Alternate translation: “We are God’s people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:6	kp9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐὰν τὴν παρρησίαν καὶ τὸ καύχημα τῆς ἐλπίδος κατάσχωμεν	1	Here “courage” and “hope” are abstract and can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “if we continue to be courageous and joyfully expect God to do what he has promised” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:7	c4sl				0	This quotation comes from the Old Testament in the book of Psalms.
3:7	z2uk				0	The warning here is a reminder that the Israelites’ unbelief kept almost all of them from entering into the land that God had promised them.
3:7	u66q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐὰν τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούσητε	1	God’s “voice” represents him speaking. Alternate translation: “when you hear God speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:8	gl2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	μὴ σκληρύνητε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν	1	Here “hearts” is a metonym for a person’s mind. The phrase “harden your hearts” is a metaphor for being stubborn. Alternate translation: “do not be stubborn” or “do not refuse to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:8	lik3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ὡς ἐν τῷ παραπικρασμῷ, κατὰ τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ, ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ	1	Here “rebellion” and “testing” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “as when your ancestors rebelled against God and tested him in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:9	e6n7				0	This quotation is from the Psalms.
3:9	i3wb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν	1	Here “your” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
3:9	q7c2			ἐν δοκιμασίᾳ	1	Here “me” refers to God.
3:10	we42		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	τεσσεράκοντα ἔτη	1	“40 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3:10	upb8			προσώχθισα	1	“I was angry” or “I was greatly unhappy”
3:10	kh4v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀεὶ πλανῶνται τῇ καρδίᾳ	1	Here “gone astray in their hearts” is a metaphor for not being loyal to God. Here “hearts” is a metonym for minds or desires. Alternate translation: “They have always rejected me” or “They have always refused to obey me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:10	l5t7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οὐκ ἔγνωσαν τὰς ὁδούς μου	1	This speaks of a manner of conducting one’s life as if it were a way or a path. Alternate translation: “They have not understood how I want them to conduct their lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:11	tz3l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰ εἰσελεύσονται εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσίν μου	1	The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. Alternate translation: “They will never enter the place of rest” or “I will never allow them to experience my blessings of rest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:12	gv84		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀδελφοί	1	Here this refers to fellow Christians including males and females. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” or “fellow believers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
3:12	lma5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	μήποτε ἔσται ἔν τινι ὑμῶν καρδία πονηρὰ ἀπιστίας, ἐν τῷ ἀποστῆναι ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ζῶντος	1	Here “heart” is a metonym that represents a person’s mind or will. Refusing to believe and obey God is spoken of as if the heart did not believe and it physically turned away from God. Alternate translation: “there will not be any of you who refuse to believe the truth and who stop obeying the living God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:12	kjm7			Θεοῦ ζῶντος	1	“the true God who is really alive”
3:13	d3k2			ἄχρις οὗ, τὸ σήμερον, καλεῖται	1	“while there is still opportunity,”
3:13	m1e7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μὴ σκληρυνθῇ τις ἐξ ὑμῶν ἀπάτῃ τῆς ἁμαρτίας	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the deceitfulness of sin will not harden any of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:13	b198		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	μὴ σκληρυνθῇ τις ἐξ ὑμῶν ἀπάτῃ τῆς ἁμαρτίας	1	Being stubborn is spoken of as being hard or having a hard heart. The hardness is a result of being deceived by sin. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “deceitfulness” is expressed as the verb “deceive.” Alternate translation: “no one among you will be deceived by sin and become stubborn” or “you do not sin, deceiving yourselves so that you become stubborn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:14	znu5				0	This continues the quotation from the same psalm that was also quoted in [Hebrews 3:7](../03/07.md).
3:14	f52j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	γὰρ & γεγόναμεν	1	Here “we” refers to both the writer and the readers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
3:14	e753			ἐάνπερ & τῆς ὑποστάσεως & βεβαίαν κατάσχωμεν	1	“if we continue to confidently trust in him”
3:14	j3aq			τὴν ἀρχὴν	1	“from when we first begin to believe in him”
3:14	l9en		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	μέχρι τέλους	1	This is a polite way of referring to when a person dies. Alternate translation: “until we die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3:15	bym1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	λέγεσθαι	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the writer wrote” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:15	wa11		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐὰν τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούσητε	1	God’s “voice” represents him speaking. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:7](../03/07.md). Alternate translation: “when you hear God speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:15	j8dh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ὡς ἐν τῷ παραπικρασμῷ	1	Here “rebellion” can be stated as a verb. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:8](../03/08.md). Alternate translation: “as when your ancestors rebelled against God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:16	b4jy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive		0	The word “they” refers to the disobedient Israelites, and “we” refers to the author and readers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
3:16	pwl2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τίνες γὰρ ἀκούσαντες παρεπίκραναν? ἀλλ’ οὐ πάντες οἱ ἐξελθόντες ἐξ Αἰγύπτου διὰ Μωϋσέως?	1	The author uses questions to teach his readers. These two questions can be joined as one statement, if needed. Alternate translation: “All those who came out of Egypt with Moses heard God, yet they still rebelled.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:17	swy4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τίσιν δὲ προσώχθισεν τεσσεράκοντα ἔτη? οὐχὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτήσασιν, ὧν τὰ κῶλα ἔπεσεν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ?	1	The author uses questions to teach his readers. These two questions can be joined as one statement, if needed. Alternate translation: “For forty years, God was angry with those who sinned, and he let them die in the wilderness.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:17	aha2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	τεσσεράκοντα ἔτη	1	“40 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3:18	l1gc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τίσιν δὲ ὤμοσεν μὴ εἰσελεύσεσθαι εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν αὐτοῦ, εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἀπειθήσασιν?	1	The author uses this question to teach his readers. Alternate translation: “And it was to those who disobeyed that he swore they would not enter his rest.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:18	q16u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μὴ εἰσελεύσεσθαι εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν αὐτοῦ	1	The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. Alternate translation: “they would not enter the place of rest” or “they would not experience his blessings of rest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:19	x18z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	δι’ ἀπιστίαν	1	The abstract noun “unbelief” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because they did not believe him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4:intro	u72n				0	# Hebrews 04 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter tells why Jesus is the greatest high priest.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:3-4, 7, which are words from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God’s rest\n\nThe word “rest” seems to refer to at least two things in this chapter. It refers to a place or time when God will allow his people to rest from their work ([Hebrews 4:3](../../heb/04/03.md)), and it refers to God resting on the seventh day ([Hebrews 4:4](../../heb/04/04.md)).
4:1	n98m				0	Chapter 4 continues the warning to believers starting in [Hebrews 3:7](../03/07.md). God, through the writer, gives believers a rest of which God’s rest in the creation of the world is a picture.
4:1	ay25			οὖν	1	“Because what I have just said is true” or “Since God will certainly punish those who do not obey”
4:1	zta2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μήποτε καταλειπομένης ἐπαγγελίας εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν αὐτοῦ, δοκῇ τις ἐξ ὑμῶν ὑστερηκέναι	1	God’s promise is spoken of as if it were a gift that God left behind when he visited the people. Alternate translation: “none of you fail to enter into God’s rest, which he promised to us” or “God will allow you all to enter into his rest as he promised us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:1	ev85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν αὐτοῦ	1	The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. Alternate translation: “to enter the place of rest” or “to experience God’s blessings of rest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:2	m74h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	γάρ ἐσμεν εὐηγγελισμένοι καθάπερ κἀκεῖνοι	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For we heard the good news just as they did” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:2	znk9			καθάπερ κἀκεῖνοι	1	Here “they” refers to the Hebrews’ ancestors who were alive during the time of Moses.
4:2	zza4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	ἀλλ’ οὐκ ὠφέλησεν ὁ λόγος τῆς ἀκοῆς ἐκείνους, μὴ συνκεκερασμένους τῇ πίστει τοῖς ἀκούσασιν	1	“But that message did not benefit those who did not join with the people who believed and obeyed.” The author is talking about two groups of people, those who received God’s covenant with faith, and those who heard it but did not believe. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “But that message benefited only those who believed and obeyed it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
4:3	v4q4				1	Here the first quotation, “As I swore … rest,” is from a psalm. The second quotation, “God rested on … deeds,” is from Moses’ writings. The third quotation, “They will never enter … rest,” is again from the same psalm.
4:3	u5yh			οἱ πιστεύσαντες	1	“we who believe”
4:3	w6t4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰσερχόμεθα & εἰς κατάπαυσιν, οἱ πιστεύσαντες	1	The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. Alternate translation: “we who have believed will enter the place of rest” or “we who have believed will experience God’s blessings of rest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:3	x2kq			καθὼς εἴρηκεν	1	“just as God said”
4:3	qfs8			ὡς ὤμοσα ἐν τῇ ὀργῇ μου	1	“As I swore when I was very angry”
4:3	k1ld		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰ εἰσελεύσονται εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσίν μου	1	The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. Alternate translation: “They will never enter the place of rest” or “They will never experience my blessings of rest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:3	x8zv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τῶν ἔργων & γενηθέντων	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he finished creating” or “he finished his works of creation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:3	vym3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου	1	The author speaks of the world as if it were a building set on a foundation. Alternate translation: “at the beginning of the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:4	hbm5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	τῆς ἑβδόμης	1	This is the ordinal number for “seven.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
4:6	zq16		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀπολείπεται τινὰς εἰσελθεῖν εἰς αὐτήν	1	The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God still allows some people to enter his place of rest” or “God still allows some people to experience his blessings of rest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:7	y2tm				0	Here we find out that this quotation from the Psalms was written by David ([Hebrews 3:7-8](../03/07.md)).
4:7	bp6u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐὰν τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούσητε	1	God’s commands to Israel are spoken of as if he had given them in an audible voice. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:7](../03/07.md). Alternate translation: “if you hear God speaking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:7	lsp6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	μὴ σκληρύνητε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν	1	Here “hearts” is a metonym for a person’s mind. The phrase “harden your hearts” is a metaphor for being stubborn. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:8](../03/08.md). Alternate translation: “do not be stubborn” or “do not refuse to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:8	r56z				0	Here the writer warns believers not to disobey but to enter into the rest God offers. He reminds them that God’s word will convict them and that they can come in prayer with the confidence that God will help them.
4:8	mdq9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰ & αὐτοὺς Ἰησοῦς κατέπαυσεν	1	The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that Joshua could give. Alternate translation: “if Joshua had brought the Israelites to the place where God would give them rest” or “if the Israelites during the time of Joshua had experienced God’s blessings of rest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:9	vhx9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀπολείπεται σαββατισμὸς τῷ λαῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there is still a Sabbath rest that God has reserved for his people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:9	qe6x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σαββατισμὸς	1	Eternal peace and security are spoken of as if they were the Sabbath day, the Jewish day of worship and rest from working. Alternate translation: “an eternal rest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:10	ej9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ & εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν αὐτοῦ	1	The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they are a place to enter. Alternate translation: “the person who enters into God’s place of rest” or “the person who experiences God’s blessings of rest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:11	bmg5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σπουδάσωμεν & εἰσελθεῖν εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν κατάπαυσιν	1	The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were a place to enter. Alternate translation: “we should also do everything we can to rest with God where he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:11	rtj7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ τις ὑποδείγματι πέσῃ τῆς ἀπειθείας	1	Disobedience is spoken of as if it were a hole that a person could physically fall into by accident. This passage can be reworded so that the abstract noun “disobedience” is expressed as the verb “disobey.” Alternate translation: “will disobey in the same way as they did” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4:12	h5d2			ζῶν & ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Here “word of God” refers to anything that God has communicated to humanity, whether through speech or through written messages. Alternate translation: “the words of God are living”
4:12	j9qy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ζῶν & καὶ ἐνεργὴς	1	This speaks about God’s word as if it were alive. It means when God speaks, it is powerful and effective. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4:12	g4tc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τομώτερος, ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν μάχαιραν δίστομον	1	A two-edged sword can easily cut through a person’s flesh. God’s word is very effective in showing what is in a person’s heart and thoughts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:12	lv6y			μάχαιραν δίστομον	1	a sword with a blade that is sharp on both edges
4:12	e7kv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	καὶ διϊκνούμενος ἄχρι μερισμοῦ ψυχῆς καὶ πνεύματος, ἁρμῶν τε καὶ μυελῶν	1	This continues speaking about God’s word as if it were a sword. Here the sword is so sharp that it can cut through and divide parts of the human that are very difficult or even impossible to divide. This means that there is nothing inside us that we can hide from God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:12	m6f2			ψυχῆς καὶ πνεύματος	1	These are two different but closely related nonphysical parts of a human. The “soul” is what causes a person to be alive. The “spirit” is the part of a person that causes him to be able to know and believe in God.
4:12	sc3m			ἁρμῶν τε καὶ μυελῶν	1	The “joint” is what holds two bones together. The “marrow” is the center part of the bone.
4:12	n6n5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	κριτικὸς	1	This speaks about God’s word as if it were a person who could know something. Alternate translation: “exposes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4:12	xdu4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐνθυμήσεων καὶ ἐννοιῶν καρδίας	1	“Heart” here is a metonym for “inner self.” Alternate translation: “what a person is thinking and intends to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:13	nx6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἔστιν κτίσις ἀφανὴς ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Nothing that God has created can hide from him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:13	f3h1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πάντα & γυμνὰ καὶ τετραχηλισμένα	1	This speaks about all things as if they were a person standing bare, or a box that is open. Alternate translation: “everything is completely exposed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:13	yk64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	γυμνὰ καὶ τετραχηλισμένα	1	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that nothing is hidden from God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4:13	i9hh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς αὐτοῦ, πρὸς ὃν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος	1	God is spoken of as if he had eyes. Alternate translation: “to God, who will judge how we have lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:14	a51p			διεληλυθότα τοὺς οὐρανούς	1	“who has entered where God is”
4:14	ph6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
4:14	vt4v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	κρατῶμεν τῆς ὁμολογίας	1	Belief and trust are spoken of as if they were objects that a person could grasp firmly. Alternate translation: “let us continue to believe confidently in him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:15	i2fw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ & ἔχομεν ἀρχιερέα μὴ δυνάμενον συνπαθῆσαι & δὲ	1	This double negative means that, in fact, Jesus does feel sympathy with people. Alternate translation: “we have a high priest who can feel sympathy … Indeed, we have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
4:15	d26h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πεπειρασμένον & κατὰ πάντα καθ’ ὁμοιότητ	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who has endured temptation in every way that we have” or “whom the devil has tempted in every way that he tempts us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:15	fve3			χωρὶς ἁμαρτίας	1	“he did not sin”
4:16	aj1p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῷ θρόνῳ τῆς χάριτος	1	“to God’s throne, where there is grace.” Here “throne” refers to God ruling as king. Alternate translation: “to where our gracious God is sitting on his throne” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:16	py6d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	λάβωμεν ἔλεος, καὶ χάριν εὕρωμεν, εἰς εὔκαιρον βοήθειαν	1	Here “mercy” and “grace” are spoken of as if they were objects that can be given or can be found. Alternate translation: “God may be merciful and gracious and help us in time of need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:intro	b67j				0	# Hebrews 05 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of the teaching of the previous chapter.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 5:5-6.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### High priest\n\nOnly a high priest could offer sacrifices so that God could forgive sins, so Jesus had to be a high priest. The law of Moses commanded that the high priest be from the tribe of Levi, but Jesus was from the tribe of Judah. God made him a priest like the priest Melchizedek, who lived at the time of Abraham, before there was a tribe of Levi.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Milk and solid food\n\nThe writer speaks of Christians who are only able to understand simple things about Jesus as if they were babies, who drink only milk and cannot eat solid food. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:1	dn18				0	The writer describes the sinfulness of the Old Testament priests, then he shows that Christ has a better kind of priesthood, not based on Aaron’s priesthood but on the priesthood of Melchizedek.
5:1	whq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐξ ἀνθρώπων λαμβανόμενος	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God chooses from among the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:1	ndz7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	καθίσταται	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God appoints” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:1	mzd9			ὑπὲρ ἀνθρώπων καθίσταται	1	“to represent the people”
5:2	gt9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τοῖς & πλανωμένοις	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those … whom others have deceived” or “those … who believe what is false” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:2	f781			πλανωμένοις	1	“who believe false things and so behave badly”
5:2	ny8u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	περίκειται ἀσθένειαν	1	The high priest’s own weakness is spoken of as if it were a another person who rules over him. Alternate translation: “is spiritually weak” or “is weak against sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:2	ihs9			ἀσθένειαν	1	the desire to sin
5:3	q5xi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὀφείλει	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God also requires him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:4	c45n				0	This quotation is from the Psalms in the Old Testament.
5:4	c336		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	λαμβάνει τὴν τιμήν	1	Honor is spoken of as if it were an object that a person could grasp in his hands. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:4	n2e1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	λαμβάνει τὴν τιμήν	1	The “honor” or praise and respect that people gave to the high priest stand for his task. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:4	p6hc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	καλούμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καθώσπερ καὶ Ἀαρών	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God called him, just as he called Aaron” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:5	pr3f			ὁ λαλήσας πρὸς αὐτόν	1	“God said to him”
5:5	i694		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Υἱός μου εἶ σύ, ἐγὼ σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε	1	These two phrases mean essentially the same thing. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 1:5](../01/05.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5:5	mfa8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱός	1	These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God the Father. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
5:6	bce6				0	This prophecy is from a Psalm of David.
5:6	ds6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	καὶ & λέγει	1	To whom God is speaking can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he also says to Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
5:6	k5uw			ἐν ἑτέρῳ	1	“in another place in the scriptures”
5:6	ede5			κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ	1	This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. Alternate translation: “in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest”
5:7	mv2c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ	1	Here “the days” stands for a period of time. And, “flesh” stand for Jesus’s earthly life. Alternate translation: “While he lived on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:7	iel9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	δεήσεις & καὶ ἱκετηρίας	1	Both of these words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
5:7	p6zm			τὸν δυνάμενον σῴζειν αὐτὸν ἐκ θανάτου	1	Possible meanings are (1) God was able to save Christ so that he would not die. Alternate translation: ‘to save him from dying” or (2) God was able to save Christ after Christ’s death by making him alive again. If possible, translate this in a way that allows both interpretations.
5:7	e75a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	εἰσακουσθεὶς	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God heard him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:8	mk8z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	υἱός	1	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
5:9	z2bv				0	In verse 11 the writer begins his third warning. He warns these believers that they are still not mature and encourages them to learn God’s word so they can understand right from wrong.
5:9	i29c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τελειωθεὶς	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God made him perfect” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:9	n5qt			τελειωθεὶς	1	Here this means being made mature, able to honor God in all aspects of life.
5:9	p9ug		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐγένετο πᾶσιν τοῖς ὑπακούουσιν αὐτῷ αἴτιος σωτηρίας αἰωνίου	1	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “now he saves all who obey him and causes them to live forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5:10	b9su		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	προσαγορευθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God designated him” or “God appointed him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:10	hd47			κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ	1	This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. Alternate translation: “to be the sort of high priest that Melchizedek was”
5:11	cm78		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	πολὺς ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος	1	Even though the author uses the plural pronoun “we,” he is most likely referring only to himself. Alternate translation: “I have much to say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
5:11	r2u2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	νωθροὶ γεγόνατε ταῖς ἀκοαῖς	1	The ability to understand and obey is spoken of as if it were the ability to listen. And the ability to listen is spoken of as if it were a metal tool that becomes dull with use. Alternate translation: “you have trouble understanding it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:12	lw1a			στοιχεῖα τῆς ἀρχῆς	1	Here “principles” means a guideline or standard for making decisions. Alternate translation: “basic truths”
5:12	wy2h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	γεγόνατε χρείαν ἔχοντες γάλακτος	1	Teaching about God that is easy to understand is spoken of as if it were milk, the only food that infants can take. Alternate translation: “You have become like babies and can drink only milk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:12	yk1q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	γάλακτος, οὐ στερεᾶς τροφῆς	1	Teaching about God that is difficult to understand is spoken of as if it were solid food, suitable for adults. Alternate translation: “milk instead of solid food that adults can eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:13	nhx3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	μετέχων γάλακτος	1	Here “takes” stands for “drinks.” Alternate translation: “drinks milk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:13	vl7k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	νήπιος γάρ ἐστιν	1	Spiritual maturity is compared with the kind of food that a growing child eats. Solid food is not for a tiny baby, and that is a figure describing a young Christian who only learns simple truths; but later, more solid food is given to the little child, just as when a person matures he can learn about matters that are more difficult. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:14	e3yh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῶν διὰ τὴν ἕξιν τὰ αἰσθητήρια γεγυμνασμένα, ἐχόντων πρὸς διάκρισιν, καλοῦ τε καὶ κακοῦ	1	People trained to understand something are spoken of as if their ability to understand had been trained. Alternate translation: “who are mature and can distinguish between good and evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:intro	nz5i				0	# Hebrews 06 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Abrahamic Covenant\n\nIn the covenant that God made with Abraham, God promised to make Abraham’s descendants into a great nation. He also promised to protect Abraham’s descendants and to give them land of their own. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
6:1	f1nk				0	The writer continues with what immature Hebrew believers need to do to become mature Christians. He reminds them of the foundational teachings.
6:1	i4xr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀφέντες τὸν τῆς ἀρχῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ λόγον, ἐπὶ τὴν τελειότητα φερώμεθα	1	This speaks about the basic teachings as if they were the beginning of a journey and the mature teachings as if they were the end of a journey. Alternate translation: “let us stop only discussing what we first learned and start understanding more mature teachings as well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:1	thw8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μὴ πάλιν θεμέλιον καταβαλλόμενοι & πίστεως ἐπὶ Θεόν	1	Basic teachings are spoken of as if they were a building whose construction begins by laying a foundation. Alternate translation: “Let us not repeat the basic teachings … of faith in God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:1	d5q3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	νεκρῶν ἔργων	1	Sinful deeds are spoken of as if they belonged to the world of the dead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:2	s1cv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	διδαχὴν & κρίματος αἰωνίου	1	Basic teachings are spoken of as if they were a building whose construction begins by laying a foundation. Alternate translation: “nor the basic teachings … eternal judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:2	xww5			ἐπιθέσεώς τε χειρῶν	1	This practice was done to set someone apart for special service or position.
6:4	e7px		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοὺς ἅπαξ φωτισθέντας	1	Understanding is spoken of as if it were illumination. Alternate translation: “those who once understood the message about Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:4	l5mc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	γευσαμένους & τῆς δωρεᾶς τῆς ἐπουρανίου	1	Experiencing salvation is spoken of as if it were tasting food. Alternate translation: “who experienced God’s saving power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:4	d2lp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μετόχους γενηθέντας Πνεύματος Ἁγίου	1	The Holy Spirit, who comes to believers, is spoken of as if he were an object that people could share. Alternate translation: “who received the Holy Spirit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:5	vp46		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	καλὸν γευσαμένους Θεοῦ ῥῆμα	1	Learning God’s message is spoken of as if it were tasting food. Alternate translation: “who learned God’s good message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:5	tw1u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	δυνάμεις & μέλλοντος αἰῶνος	1	This means the power of God when his kingdom is fully present in all the world. In this sense, “the powers” refer to God himself, who holds all power. Alternate translation: “learned how God will work powerfully in the future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:6	l8nx			πάλιν ἀνακαινίζειν εἰς μετάνοιαν	1	“it is impossible to bring them back to repent again”
6:6	dj3g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀνασταυροῦντας ἑαυτοῖς τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	When people turn away from God, it is as though they crucify Jesus again. Alternate translation: “it is like they crucify for themselves the very Son of God again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:6	y47b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
6:7	p4tf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	γῆ & ἡ πιοῦσα τὸν & ὑετόν	1	Farmland that benefits from much rain is spoken of as if it were a person who drinks in the rainwater. Alternate translation: “the land that absorbs the rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
6:7	r32n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	τίκτουσα βοτάνην	1	Farmland that produces crops is spoken of as if it gives birth to them. Alternate translation: “that produces plants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
6:7	da68		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	μεταλαμβάνει εὐλογίας ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Rain and crops are seen as proof that God has helped the farmland. The farmland is spoken of as if it were a person who could receive God’s blessing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
6:7	qq1x			εὐλογίας ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Here “blessing” means help from God, not spoken words.
6:8	pp48		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	κατάρας ἐγγύς	1	This speaks of “curse” as if it were a place to which a person could draw near. Alternate translation: “is in danger of God cursing it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:8	a2bk			ἧς τὸ τέλος εἰς καῦσιν	1	The farmer will burn everything in the field.
6:9	sb4a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	πεπείσμεθα	1	Even though the author uses the plural pronoun “we,” he is most likely referring only to himself. Alternate translation: “I am convinced” or “I am certain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
6:9	jt3k			περὶ ὑμῶν & τὰ κρείσσονα	1	This means they are doing better than those who have rejected God, disobeyed him, and now can no longer repent so that God will forgive them ([Hebrews 6:4-6](./04.md)). Alternate translation: “that you are doing better things than what I have mentioned”
6:9	npu2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐχόμενα σωτηρίας	1	The abstract noun “salvation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “things that concern God saving you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
6:10	t2hb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ γὰρ ἄδικος ὁ Θεὸς, ἐπιλαθέσθαι	1	This double negative can mean that God in his justice will remember what good things his people have done. Alternate translation: “For God is just and therefore will certainly remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
6:10	r9xx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ	1	God’s “name” is a metonym that stands for God himself. Alternate translation: “for him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:11	j7f5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	ἐπιθυμοῦμεν	1	Even though the author uses the plural pronoun “we,” he is most likely referring only to himself. Alternate translation: “I greatly desire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
6:11	k4si			σπουδὴν	1	careful, hard work
6:11	xfy1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἄχρι τέλους	1	The implicit meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “to the end of your lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6:11	i2yc			πρὸς τὴν πληροφορίαν τῆς ἐλπίδος	1	“in order to have complete certainty that you will receive what God has promised you”
6:12	yrh2			μιμηταὶ	1	An “imitator” is someone who copies the behavior of someone else.
6:12	q8ry		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	κληρονομούντων τὰς ἐπαγγελίας	1	Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “receive what God promised them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:14	ymh2			λέγων	1	God said
6:14	n47a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	πληθύνων, πληθυνῶ σε	1	Here “increase” stands for give descendants. Alternate translation: “I will give you many descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:15	x5zs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τῆς ἐπαγγελίας	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what God promised him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6:17	rpv9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοῖς κληρονόμοις τῆς ἐπαγγελίας	1	The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “to those who would receive what he promised” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:17	ug6j			τὸ ἀμετάθετον τῆς βουλῆς αὐτοῦ	1	“that his purpose would never change” or “that he would always do what he said he would do”
6:18	gjw3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οἱ καταφυγόντες	1	Believers, who trust in God for him to protect them, are spoken of as if they were running to a safe place. Alternate translation: “we, who have trusted him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:18	gk6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἰσχυρὰν παράκλησιν ἔχωμεν & κρατῆσαι τῆς προκειμένης ἐλπίδος	1	Trust in God is spoken of as if encouragement were an object that could be presented to a person and that person could hold on to it. Alternate translation: “will continue to trust in God just has he encouraged us to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:18	hs84		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	προκειμένης	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that God has placed before us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6:19	w66k				0	Having finished his third warning and encouragement to the believers, the writer of Hebrews continues his comparison of Jesus as priest to Melchizedek as priest.
6:19	ng9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὡς ἄγκυραν & τῆς ψυχῆς, ἀσφαλῆ τε καὶ βεβαίαν	1	Just as an anchor keeps a boat from drifting in the water, Jesus keeps us secure in God’s presence. Alternate translation: “that causes us to live securely in God’s presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:19	vdt3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	ἄγκυραν & ἀσφαλῆ & καὶ βεβαίαν	1	Here the words “secure” and “reliable” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the complete reliability of the anchor. Alternate translation: “a completely reliable anchor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
6:19	d223		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ἣν & καὶ εἰσερχομένην εἰς τὸ ἐσώτερον τοῦ καταπετάσματος	1	Confidence is spoken of as if it were a person who could go into the most holy place of the temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
6:19	aj2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸ ἐσώτερον	1	This was the most holy place in the temple. It was thought to be the place where God was most intensely present among his people. In this passage, this place stands for heaven and God’s throne room. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:20	zgj6			κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ	1	This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. Alternate translation: “in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest”
7:intro	y8j3				0	# Hebrews 07 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 7:17, 21, which are words from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### High priest\n\nOnly a high priest could offer sacrifices so that God could forgive sins, so Jesus had to be a high priest. The law of Moses commanded that the high priest be from the tribe of Levi, but Jesus was from the tribe of Judah. God made him a priest like the priest Melchizedek, who lived at the time of Abraham, before there was a tribe of Levi.
7:1	mwy8				0	The writer of Hebrews continues his comparison of Jesus as priest to Melchizedek as priest.
7:1	rfc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Σαλήμ	1	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7:1	rx36		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Ἀβραὰμ ὑποστρέφοντι ἀπὸ τῆς κοπῆς τῶν βασιλέων	1	This is refers to when Abraham and his men went and defeated the armies of four kings in order to rescue his nephew, Lot, and his family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7:2	q87x			ᾧ	1	“It was to Melchizedek”
7:2	abh4			βασιλεὺς δικαιοσύνης & βασιλεὺς εἰρήνης	1	“righteous king … peaceful king”
7:3	q4eh			ἀπάτωρ, ἀμήτωρ, ἀγενεαλόγητος, μήτε ἀρχὴν ἡμερῶν, μήτε ζωῆς τέλος ἔχων	1	It is possible to think from this passage that Melchizedek was neither born nor did he die. However, it is likely that all the writer means is that the Scriptures provide no information about Melchizedek’s ancestry, birth, or death.
7:4	h2bg				0	The writer states that the priesthood of Melchizedek is better than Aaron’s priesthood and then reminds them that the priesthood of Aaron did not make anything perfect.
7:4	w2gg			οὗτος	1	“Melchizedek was”
7:5	l9zq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	τῶν υἱῶν Λευεὶ τὴν ἱερατείαν λαμβάνοντες	1	The author says this because not all of Levi’s sons became priests. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Levi who became priests” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
7:5	hn3k			τὸν λαὸν	1	“from the people of Israel”
7:5	ri2y			τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτῶν	1	Here “brothers” means they are all related to each other through Abraham. Alternate translation: “from their relatives”
7:5	x4za		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐξεληλυθότας ἐκ τῆς ὀσφύος Ἀβραάμ	1	This is a way of saying that they were descendants of Abraham. Alternate translation: “they, too, are descendants of Abraham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:6	r2rs			ὁ & μὴ γενεαλογούμενος ἐξ αὐτῶν	1	“who was not a descendant of Levi”
7:6	d2hq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸν ἔχοντα τὰς ἐπαγγελίας	1	The things that God promised to do for Abraham are spoken of as if they were objects that he could possess. Alternate translation: the one to whom God had spoken his promises” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:7	k6pc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸ ἔλαττον ὑπὸ τοῦ κρείττονος εὐλογεῖται	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the more important person blesses the less important person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:8	sf79			ὧδε μὲν & ἐκεῖ	1	These phrases are used to compare the Levite priests with Melchizedek. Your language may have a way to emphasize that the author is making a comparison.
7:8	c9zz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μαρτυρούμενος ὅτι ζῇ	1	It is never explicitly written in scripture that Melchizedek dies. The author of Hebrews speaks of this absence of information about Melchizedek’s death in scripture as if it were a positive statement that he is still alive. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “scripture shows that he lives on” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:9	v1yu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	δι’ Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ Λευεὶς, ὁ δεκάτας λαμβάνων, δεδεκάτωται	1	Since Levi had not been born yet, the author speaks of him as still being in Abraham’s body. In this way, the author argues that Levi paid tithes to Melchizedek through Abraham. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:10	g26s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐν τῇ ὀσφύϊ τοῦ πατρὸς ἦν	1	Since Levi had not been born yet, the author speaks of him as still being in Abraham’s body. In this way, the author argues that Levi paid tithes to Melchizedek through Abraham. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:11	kdb8			μὲν οὖν	1	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
7:11	wgp5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τίς ἔτι χρεία κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ, ἕτερον ἀνίστασθαι ἱερέα, καὶ οὐ κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Ἀαρὼν λέγεσθαι?	1	This question emphasizes that it was unexpected that priests come after the order of Melchizedek. Alternate translation: “no one would have needed another priest, one who was like Melchizedek and not like Aaron, to arise.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
7:11	hi4e			ἀνίστασθαι	1	“to come” or “to appear”
7:11	cc5f			κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ	1	This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. Alternate translation: “in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest”
7:11	kt3a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὐ κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Ἀαρὼν λέγεσθαι	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “not be after the manner of Aaron” or “who is not a priest like Aaron” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:12	c7f1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μετατιθεμένης γὰρ τῆς ἱερωσύνης, ἐξ ἀνάγκης καὶ νόμου μετάθεσις γίνεται	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For when God changed the priesthood, he also had to change the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:13	k9zi			ὃν γὰρ	1	This refers to Jesus.
7:13	m9mm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐφ’ ὃν & λέγεται ταῦτα	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “about whom I am speaking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:14	t3dm			γὰρ	1	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
7:14	qsk5			ἐξ Ἰούδα ἀνατέταλκεν ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν	1	The words “our Lord” refer to Jesus.
7:14	ln94			ἐξ Ἰούδα	1	“from the tribe of Judah”
7:15	i17g				0	This quote comes from a psalm of King David.
7:15	jn1p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	περισσότερον ἔτι κατάδηλόν ἐστιν	1	“We can understand even more clearly.” Here “we” refers to the author and his audience. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
7:15	md9i			εἰ & ἀνίσταται ἱερεὺς ἕτερος	1	“if another priest comes”
7:15	z1yl			κατὰ τὴν ὁμοιότητα Μελχισέδεκ	1	This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. Alternate translation: “in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest”
7:16	fr4a			ὃς οὐ κατὰ νόμον	1	“His becoming priest was not based on the law”
7:16	erq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	νόμον ἐντολῆς σαρκίνης	1	The idea of human descent is spoken of as if it had only to do with the flesh of one’s body. Alternate translation: “the law of human descent” or “the law about priests’ descendants becoming priests” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7:17	xmj8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	μαρτυρεῖται γὰρ	1	This speaks about scripture as if it were a person who could witness about something. Alternate translation: “For God witnesses about him through the scriptures” or “For this is what was written about him in the scripture” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
7:17	g6zd			κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ	1	There were two groups of priests. One was made up of the descendants of Levi. The other was made up of Melchizedek and Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “according to the line of Melchizedek” or “according to the priesthood of Melchizedek”
7:18	d6vn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀθέτησις μὲν & γίνεται προαγούσης ἐντολῆς	1	Here “set aside” is a metaphor for making something invalid. This can be stated in active form. AT “God made the commandment invalid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:19	ia8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	οὐδὲν & ἐτελείωσεν ὁ νόμος	1	The law is spoken of as if it were a person who could act. Alternate translation: “no one could become perfect by obeying the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
7:19	stc2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐπεισαγωγὴ & κρείττονος ἐλπίδος	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has introduced a better hope” or “God has given us reason for a more confident hope (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:19	c9tz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	δι’ ἧς ἐγγίζομεν τῷ Θεῷ	1	Worshiping God and having his favor are spoken of coming near to him. Alternate translation: “and because of this hope we approach God” or “and because of this hope we worship God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:20	f3cd				0	This quote comes from the same psalm of David as [Hebrews 7:17](../07/17.md).
7:20	vf69		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καὶ καθ’ ὅσον οὐ χωρὶς ὁρκωμοσίας	1	The word “it” refers to Jesus becoming the eternal priest. It can be stated clearly who made the oath. Alternate translation: “And God did not choose this new priest without swearing an oath!” or “And it was because God swore an oath that the Lord became the new priest!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
7:22	h462				0	The writer then assures these Jewish believers that Christ has the better priesthood because he lives forever and the priests that descended from Aaron all died.
7:22	e23d			κρείττονος διαθήκης, γέγονεν ἔγγυος	1	“has told us that we can be sure that there will be a better covenant”
7:24	u941		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἀπαράβατον ἔχει τὴν ἱερωσύνην	1	A priest’s work is spoken of as if it were an object that Jesus possesses. This can be worded to avoid the abstract noun. Alternate translation: “he is a priest permanently” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
7:25	a4gg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὅθεν & δύναται	1	You can make explicit what “Therefore” implies. Alternate translation: “Because Christ is our high priest who lives forever, he” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7:25	b182			τοὺς προσερχομένους δι’ αὐτοῦ τῷ Θεῷ	1	“those who come to God because of what Jesus has done”
7:26	cmq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὑψηλότερος τῶν οὐρανῶν γενόμενος	1	“God has raised him up to the highest heavens.” The author speaks of possessing more honor and power than anyone else as if it were position that is up above all things. Alternate translation: “God has given him more honor and power than anyone else” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:27	b6nv				0	Here the words “He,” “his,” and “himself” refer to Christ.
7:28	n693		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὁ νόμος & ἀνθρώπους καθίστησιν ἀρχιερεῖς ἔχοντας ἀσθένειαν	1	Here “the law” is a metonym for the men who appointed the high priests according to the law of Moses. The focus is not on the men who did this, but on the fact that they did this according to the law. Alternate translation: “according to the law, men appoint as high priests men who have weaknesses” or “for according to the law, men who have weaknesses are appointed as high priests” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:28	u5ny			ἀνθρώπους & ἔχοντας ἀσθένειαν	1	“men who are spiritually weak” or “men who are weak against sin”
7:28	yez2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὁ λόγος & τῆς ὁρκωμοσίας, τῆς μετὰ τὸν νόμον, Υἱόν	1	The “word of the oath” represents God who made the oath. Alternate translation: “God appointed a Son by his oath, which he made after he gave the law” or “after he had given the law, God swore an oath and appointed his Son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:28	msa4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱόν	1	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
7:28	fkl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τετελειωμένον	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who has completely obeyed God and become mature” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:intro	ks94				0	# Hebrews 08 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe author finishes describing how and why Jesus is the most important high priest. Then he begins to speak about how the new covenant is better to the covenant God made with Moses. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:8-12, which are words from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### New covenant\n\nThe author tells how Jesus has established a new covenant that is better than the covenant that God established with the Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
8:1	nb8q				0	The writer, having shown that Christ’s priesthood is better than the earthly priesthood, shows that the earthly priesthood was a pattern of heavenly things. Christ has a superior ministry, a superior covenant.
8:1	tw7l			δὲ	1	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
8:1	z4dh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	λεγομένοις	1	Even though the author uses the plural pronoun “we,” he is most likely referring only to himself. Because the writer does not include his readers here, the word “we” is exclusive. Alternate translation: “I am saying” or “I am writing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
8:1	m2b4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἔχομεν ἀρχιερέα	1	The author is including the readers here, so the word “we” is inclusive. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
8:1	b8qy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ θρόνου τῆς Μεγαλωσύνης	1	To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Hebrews 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “sat down at the place of honor and authority beside the throne of the Majesty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
8:2	lrb7			τῆς σκηνῆς τῆς ἀληθινῆς, ἣν ἔπηξεν ὁ Κύριος, οὐκ ἄνθρωπος	1	People built the earthly tabernacle out of animal skins fastened to a wooden framework, and they set it up in the manner of a tent. Here “true tabernacle” means the heavenly tabernacle that God created.
8:3	su9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πᾶς γὰρ ἀρχιερεὺς & καθίσταται	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For God appoints every priest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:4	p2v6			οὖν	1	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
8:4	gfz1			κατὰ νόμον	1	“as God requires in the law”
8:5	t3i8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οἵτινες ὑποδείγματι καὶ σκιᾷ λατρεύουσιν τῶν ἐπουρανίων	1	The words “copy” and “shadow” have similar meanings and are metaphors meaning that something is not the real thing but it is similar to the real thing. These words emphasize that the priesthood and the earthly temple were images of Christ, the true high priest, and the heavenly temple. Alternate translation: “They serve what is a vague image of the heavenly things” or “They serve what is only similar to the heavenly things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
8:5	k5r1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	καθὼς κεχρημάτισται Μωϋσῆς, μέλλων	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “It is just as God warned Moses when Moses was” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:5	qb7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μέλλων ἐπιτελεῖν τὴν σκηνήν	1	Moses did not construct the tabernacle himself. He ordered the people to construct it. Alternate translation: “was about to command the people to construct the tabernacle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8:5	jk6i			ὅρα	1	“Make sure that”
8:5	wf1p			κατὰ τὸν τύπον	1	“to the design”
8:5	s9xe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸν δειχθέντα σοι	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I showed you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:5	j3tz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν τῷ ὄρει	1	You can make explicit that “mountain” refers to Mount Sinai. Alternate translation: “on Mount Sinai” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8:6	qdj6				0	This section begins to show that the new covenant is better than the old covenant with Israel and Judah.
8:6	rt2a			διαφορωτέρας	1	“God has given Christ”
8:6	spy1			κρείττονός & διαθήκης μεσίτης	1	This means Christ caused a better covenant between God and humans to exist.
8:6	aw58		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	διαθήκης & ἥτις ἐπὶ κρείττοσιν ἐπαγγελίαις νενομοθέτηται	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “covenant. It was this covenant that God made based on better promises” or “covenant. God promised better things when he made this covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:7	wb9d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	ἡ πρώτη ἐκείνη & δευτέρας	1	The words “first” and “second” are ordinal numbers. Alternate translation: “old covenant … new covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
8:7	gig6			ἦν ἄμεμπτος	1	“had been perfect”
8:8	ya4n				0	In this quotation the prophet Jeremiah foretold of a new covenant that God would make.
8:8	sqb4			αὐτοῖς	1	“with the people of Israel”
8:8	xhp8			ἰδοὺ	1	“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
8:8	c6zm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸν οἶκον Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Ἰούδα	1	The people of Israel and Judah are spoken of as if they were houses. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel and with the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:9	dde5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐπιλαβομένου μου τῆς χειρὸς αὐτῶν, ἐξαγαγεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου	1	This metaphor represents God’s great love and concern. Alternate translation: “I led them out of Egypt like a father leads his young child” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:10	fh1c				0	This is a quotation from the prophet Jeremiah.
8:10	k2ew		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῷ οἴκῳ Ἰσραὴλ	1	The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were a house. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:10	q78u			μετὰ τὰς ἡμέρας ἐκείνας	1	“after that time”
8:10	gbw3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	διδοὺς νόμους μου εἰς τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν	1	God’s requirements are spoken of as if they were objects that could be placed somewhere. People’s ability to think is spoken of as if it were a place. Alternate translation: “I will enable them to understand my laws” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:10	e45g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐπὶ καρδίας αὐτῶν ἐπιγράψω αὐτούς	1	Here “hearts” is a metonym for a person’s inner being. The phrase “write them on their hearts” is a metaphor for enabling people to obey the law. Alternate translation: “I will also put them in their hearts” or “I will enable them to obey my law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:10	hs53			ἔσομαι αὐτοῖς εἰς Θεόν	1	“I will be the God they worship”
8:10	xgm3			αὐτοὶ ἔσονταί μοι εἰς λαόν	1	“they will be the people for whom I care”
8:11	lsq6				0	This continues the quotation from the prophet Jeremiah.
8:11	jl1h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	οὐ μὴ διδάξωσιν ἕκαστος τὸν πολίτην αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἕκαστος τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ λέγων, γνῶθι τὸν Κύριον	1	This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “They will not need to teach their neighbors or brothers to know me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
8:11	wne2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	τὸν πολίτην & τὸν ἀδελφὸν	1	Both of these refer to fellow Israelites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
8:11	q5ki		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	γνῶθι τὸν Κύριον & πάντες εἰδήσουσίν με	1	“Know” here stands for acknowledge. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:12	cu1b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ταῖς ἀδικίαις αὐτῶν	1	This stands for the people who committed these evil deeds. Alternate translation: “to those who did evil deeds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:12	a1xr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν οὐ μὴ μνησθῶ ἔτι	1	Here “remember” stands for “think about.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:intro	p8vy				0	# Hebrews 09 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter describes how Jesus is better than the temple and all its laws and rules. This chapter will be difficult to understand if the first five books of the Old Testament have not yet been translated.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Will\n\nA will is a legal document that describes what will happen to a person’s property after he dies.\n\n### Blood\n\nIn the Old Testament, God had commanded the Israelites to offer sacrifices so that he would forgive their sins. Before they could offer these sacrifices, they had to kill animals and then offer not only the animal’s body but also its blood. Shedding blood is a metaphor for killing an animal or person. Jesus offered his life, his blood, as a sacrifice when he allowed men to kill him. The writer of the Book of Hebrews is saying in this chapter that this sacrifice is better than the sacrifices of the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n### Return of Christ\n\nJesus will return to finish the work that he began when he died so that God would forgive his people’s sins. He will finish saving those people who are waiting for him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### First covenant\n\nThis refers to the covenant that God made with Moses. However, before he made this covenant, God had made a covenant with Abraham. But this was the first covenant that God had made with the people of Israel. You may decide to translate “the first covenant” as “the earlier covenant.”
9:1	af6x				0	The writer makes clear to these Jewish believers that the laws and the tabernacle of the old covenant were only pictures of the better, new covenant.
9:1	av9i			οὖν	1	This word marks a new part of the teaching.
9:1	d3vs			ἡ πρώτη	1	See how you translated this in [Hebrews 8:7](../08/07.md).
9:1	pw63			εἶχε & δικαιώματα	1	“had detailed instructions” or “had rules”
9:2	e3em			γὰρ	1	The author is continuing the discussion from [Hebrews 8:7](../08/07.md).
9:2	f6k7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	σκηνὴ & κατεσκευάσθη	1	A tabernacle was constructed and made ready for use. This idea can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Israelites prepared a tabernacle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:2	t13a			ἥ τε λυχνία καὶ ἡ τράπεζα, καὶ ἡ Πρόθεσις τῶν ἄρτων	1	These objects are all accompanied by the definite article “the,” because the author assumes that his readers already know about these things.
9:2	gw3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἡ Πρόθεσις τῶν ἄρτων	1	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “presence” is expressed as the verb “display” or “present.” Alternate translation: “bread on display before God” or “bread the priests presented to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
9:3	j7w3			μετὰ & τὸ δεύτερον καταπέτασμα	1	The first curtain was the outer wall of the tabernacle, so the “second curtain” was the curtain between the “holy place” and the “most holy place.”
9:3	ssr9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	δεύτερον	1	This is the ordinal word for number two. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
9:4	kt3u			ἐν	1	“Inside the ark of the covenant”
9:4	jj9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἡ ῥάβδος Ἀαρὼν ἡ βλαστήσασα	1	This was the rod Aaron had when God proved to the people of Israel that he had chosen Aaron as his priest by making Aaron’s rod bud. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9:4	md1f			ἡ βλαστήσασα	1	“from which leaves and flowers had grown”
9:4	q9w3			αἱ πλάκες τῆς διαθήκης	1	Here “tablets” are flat pieces of stone that had writing on them. This refers to the stone tablets on which the ten commandments were written.
9:5	ue5q			Χερουβεὶν δόξης κατασκιάζοντα τὸ ἱλαστήριον	1	When the Israelites were making the ark of the covenant, God commanded them to carve two cherubim facing each other, with their wings touching, over the atonement lid of the ark of the covenant. Here they are spoken of as providing shade for the ark of the covenant. Alternate translation: “glorious cherubim covered the atonement lid with their wings”
9:5	fh6g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Χερουβεὶν	1	Here “cherubim” means figures of two cherubim. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:5	f1je		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	περὶ ὧν οὐκ ἔστιν	1	Even though the author uses the plural pronoun “we,” he is most likely referring only to himself. Alternate translation: “which I cannot” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
9:6	mra7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τούτων & οὕτως κατεσκευασμένων	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “After the priests prepared these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:7	xs9l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ χωρὶς αἵματος	1	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “he always brought blood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
9:7	xtk5			αἵματος	1	This is the blood of the bull and goat that the high priest had to sacrifice on the Day of Atonement.
9:8	a26f			τῶν ἁγίων	1	Possible meanings are (1) the inner room of the tabernacle on earth or (2) God’s presence in heaven.
9:8	e14c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἔτι τῆς πρώτης σκηνῆς ἐχούσης στάσιν	1	Possible meanings are (1) “the outer room of the tabernacle was still standing” or (2) “the earthly tabernacle and the sacrificial system still existed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:9	cu76			ἥτις παραβολὴ	1	“This was a picture” or “This was a symbol”
9:9	fl6i			εἰς τὸν καιρὸν τὸν ἐνεστηκότα	1	“for now”
9:9	g16u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	προσφέρονται	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the priests now offer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:9	qsa1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μὴ δυνάμεναι κατὰ συνείδησιν τελειῶσαι τὸν λατρεύοντα	1	The writer speaks of a person’s conscience as if it were an object that could be made better and better until it was without fault. A person’s conscience is his knowledge of right and wrong. It is also his awareness of whether or not he has done wrong. If he knows he has done wrong, we say that he feels guilty. Alternate translation: “are not able to make the worshiper free from guilt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:9	c31d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	συνείδησιν & τὸν λατρεύοντα	1	The writer appears to refer to only one worshiper, but he means all those who came to worship God at the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
9:10	hqs8			μέχρι καιροῦ διορθώσεως	1	“until God created the new order”
9:10	kqc1			διορθώσεως	1	“new covenant”
9:11	bnc6				0	Having described the service of the tabernacle under God’s law, the writer makes clear that Christ’s service under the new covenant is better because it is sealed with his blood. It is better also because Christ has entered the true “tabernacle,” that is, God’s own presence in heaven, instead of entering, as other high priests, into the earthly tabernacle, which was only an imperfect copy.
9:11	da2i			ἀγαθῶν	1	This does not refer to material things. It means the good things that God promised in his new covenant.
9:11	czx6			τῆς μείζονος καὶ τελειοτέρας σκηνῆς	1	This refers to the heavenly tent or tabernacle, which is more important and more perfect than the earthly tabernacle.
9:11	lxw8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὐ χειροποιήτου	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that humans hands did not make” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:11	mtj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	χειροποιήτου	1	Here “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “humans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
9:12	wp9n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἅγια	1	God’s presence in heaven is spoken of as if it were the most holy place, the innermost room in the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:13	ch3c			σποδὸς δαμάλεως, ῥαντίζουσα τοὺς κεκοινωμένους	1	The priest would drop small amounts of the ashes on the unclean people.
9:13	seb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	πρὸς τὴν τῆς σαρκὸς καθαρότητα	1	Here “flesh” refers to the entire body. Alternate translation: “for the cleansing of their bodies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:14	t58w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	πόσῳ μᾶλλον τὸ αἷμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὃς διὰ Πνεύματος αἰωνίου, ἑαυτὸν προσήνεγκεν ἄμωμον τῷ Θεῷ, καθαριεῖ τὴν συνείδησιν ὑμῶν ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ἔργων, εἰς τὸ λατρεύειν Θεῷ ζῶντι!	1	The author uses this question to emphasize that Christ’s sacrifice was the most powerful. Alternate translation: “then certainly Christ’s blood will cleanse our conscience even more from dead works to serve the living God! Because, through the eternal Spirit, he offered himself without blemish to God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
9:14	r22p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸ αἷμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	The “blood” of Christ stands for his death. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:14	xj6g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἄμωμον	1	This is a small sin or moral fault spoken of here as if it were a small, unusual spot or defect on Christ’s body. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:14	rkh4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	καθαριεῖ τὴν συνείδησιν ὑμῶν	1	Here “conscience” refers to a person’s feeling of guilt. Believers no longer have to feel guilty for the sins they have committed because Jesus sacrificed himself and has forgiven them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:14	suu7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	καθαριεῖ	1	Here “cleanse” stands for the action of relieving our consciences from guilt for the sins we have committed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:14	zbj1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	νεκρῶν ἔργων	1	Sinful deeds are spoken of as if they belonged to the world of the dead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:15	x3xr			διὰ τοῦτο	1	“As a result” or “Because of this”
9:15	p2kg			διαθήκης καινῆς μεσίτης ἐστίν	1	This means Christ caused the new covenant between God and humans to exist.
9:15	q3x3			τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ	1	See how you translated this in [Hebrews 8:7](../08/07.md).
9:15	z29a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	εἰς ἀπολύτρωσιν τῶν ἐπὶ τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ παραβάσεων	1	“to take away the sins of those who were under the first covenant.” Possible meanings are (1) here “their sins” is a metonym for the guilt of their sins. Alternate translation: “to take away the guilt of those who were under the first covenant” or (2) here “their sins” is a metonym for the punishment for their sins. Alternate translation: “to take away the punisment for sins of those who were under the first covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:15	ve3v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οἱ κεκλημένοι	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom God has chosen to be his children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:15	xb9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	κληρονομίας	1	Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:16	rng2			διαθήκη	1	a legal document in which a person states who should receive his possessions when he himself dies
9:16	um9a			θάνατον ἀνάγκη φέρεσθαι τοῦ διαθεμένου	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone must prove that the person who made the will has died”
9:18	wpf1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὅθεν οὐδ’ ἡ πρώτη χωρὶς αἵματος ἐνκεκαίνισται	1	This can be stated in active and positive form. Alternate translation: “So God established even the first covenant with blood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
9:18	kq87			πρώτη	1	See how you translated this in [Hebrews 8:7](../08/07.md).
9:18	v838		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	αἵματος	1	The death of animals sacrificed to God is spoken of as if it were nothing but blood. Alternate translation: “the death of animals sacrificed to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:19	zl2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	λαβὼν τὸ αἷμα & μετὰ ὕδατος & τὸ βιβλίον & πάντα τὸν λαὸν, ἐράντισεν	1	The priest dipped the hyssop in the blood and the water and then shook the hyssop so drops of blood and water would fall on the scroll and on the people. Sprinkling was a symbolic action done by the priests by which they applied the benefits of the covenant to people and to objects. Here the scroll and the people’s acceptability to God are renewed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
9:19	tgc2			ὑσσώπου	1	a woody shrub with flowers in summer, used in ceremonial sprinkling
9:20	j7en		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης	1	Here “blood” refers to the death of the animals sacrificed to carry out the covenant’s requirements. Alternate translation: “the blood that brings into effect the covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:21	k6dm			ἐράντισεν	1	“Moses sprinkled”
9:21	l27v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ἐράντισεν	1	Sprinkling was a symbolic action done by the priests by which they applied the benefits of the covenant to people and to objects. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 9:19](../09/19.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
9:21	xa9q			πάντα τὰ σκεύη τῆς λειτουργίας	1	A container is an object that can hold things. Here it may refer to any kind of utensil or tool. Alternate translation: “all the utensils used in the service”
9:21	ec4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τῆς λειτουργίας	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the priests used in their work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:21	cl3v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῷ αἵματι	1	Here the animal “blood” is talking about the animal’s death. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:22	g3ef		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σχεδὸν ἐν αἵματι πάντα καθαρίζεται	1	Making something acceptable to God is spoken of as if it were cleansing that thing. This idea can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the priests use blood to cleanse almost everything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:22	v8bj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	χωρὶς αἱματεκχυσίας, οὐ γίνεται ἄφεσις	1	Here “shedding of blood” refers to something dying as a sacrifice to God. This double negative can mean that all forgiveness comes through the shedding of blood. Alternate translation: “Forgiveness only comes when something dies as a sacrifice” or “God only forgives when something dies as a sacrifice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
9:22	v1tr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἄφεσις	1	You can state explicitly the implied meaning. Alternate translation: “forgiveness of the sins of the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9:23	nh15				0	The writer emphasizes that Christ (now in heaven interceding for us) had to die only once for sins and that he will return to earth a second time.
9:23	q79n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὰ μὲν ὑποδείγματα τῶν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς τούτοις καθαρίζεσθαι	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the priests should use these animal sacrifices to cleanse what are copies of things that are in heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9:23	y9b7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	αὐτὰ δὲ τὰ ἐπουράνια κρείττοσι θυσίαις παρὰ ταύτας	1	That is, better than the sacrifices used to cleanse the earthly copies. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “as for the heavenly things themselves, God had to cleanse them with much better sacrifices” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:24	cy2x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	χειροποίητα & ἅγια	1	Here “with hands” means “by humans.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the most holy place, which humans made, and which” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:24	g5lp			τῶν ἀληθινῶν	1	“of the true most holy place”
9:25	f17a			οὐδ’	1	“He did not enter heaven”
9:25	rnh3			κατ’ ἐνιαυτὸν	1	“every year” or “each year”
9:25	zpf3			ἐν αἵματι ἀλλοτρίῳ	1	This means with the blood of an animal victim, not with his own blood.
9:26	lhi3			ἐπεὶ	1	“If he had to offer himself often”
9:26	dq7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰς ἀθέτησιν ἁμαρτίας διὰ τῆς θυσίας αὐτοῦ	1	Doing away with sin represents having God forgive it. Alternate translation: “to cause God to forgive sins by sacrificing himself” or “to sacrifice himself so that God can forgive sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:28	p8b6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ Χριστός ἅπαξ προσενεχθεὶς	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Christ offered himself once” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:28	hv2t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰς τὸ & ἀνενεγκεῖν ἁμαρτίας	1	The act of making us innocent rather than guilty for our sins is spoken of as if our sins were physical objects that Christ could carry away from us. Alternate translation: “so that God would forgive the sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:28	p6th		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸ & ἁμαρτίας	1	Here “sins” mean the guilt that people have before God because of the sins they committed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:intro	nev1				0	# Hebrews 10 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nIn this chapter, the writer finishes describing how Jesus’ sacrifice was better than the sacrifices offered in the Temple. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 10:5-7, 15-17, 37-38, which are words from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God’s judgment and reward\n\nHoly living is important for Christians. God will hold people accountable for how they lived their Christian life. Even though there will not be eternal condemnation for Christians, ungodly actions do and will have consequences. In addition, faithful living will be rewarded. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins”\nThe sacrifices themselves had no redeeming power. They were effective because they were a display of faith, which was credited to the person offering the sacrifice. It was ultimately the sacrifice of Jesus which then makes these sacrifices “take away sins.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])\n\n### “The covenant that I will make”\nIt is unclear whether this prophecy was being fulfilled as the author was writing or whether it was to occur later. The translator should try to avoid making a claim about the time this covenant begins. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
10:1	kwq1				0	The writer shows the weakness of the law and its sacrifices, why God gave the law, and the perfection of the new priesthood and Christ’s sacrifice.
10:1	kj83		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σκιὰν & ἔχων ὁ νόμος τῶν μελλόντων ἀγαθῶν	1	This speaks about the law as if it were a shadow. The author means the law is not the good things that God had promised. It only hints at the good things that God is going to do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:1	r6ly			οὐκ αὐτὴν τὴν εἰκόνα τῶν πραγμάτων	1	“not the real things themselves”
10:1	at4v			κατ’ ἐνιαυτὸν	1	“every year”
10:2	aw6g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐκ ἂν ἐπαύσαντο προσφερόμεναι	1	The author uses a question to state that the sacrifices were limited in their power. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they would have ceased offering those sacrifices.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:2	zc3d			ἐπαύσαντο	1	“stopped being”
10:2	mu42		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοὺς λατρεύοντας & κεκαθαρισμένους	1	Here being cleansed represents no longer being guilty of sin. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the sacrifices would have taken away their sin” or “God would have made them no longer guilty of sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:2	m9tj			τὸ μηδεμίαν ἔχειν ἔτι συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν	1	“would no longer think that they are guilty of sin” or “would know that they are no longer guilty of sin”
10:4	di8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀδύνατον γὰρ αἷμα ταύρων καὶ τράγων ἀφαιρεῖν ἁμαρτίας	1	Sins are spoken of as if they were objects that animal blood could sweep away as it flowed. Alternate translation: “For it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to cause God to forgive sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:4	bvu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	αἷμα ταύρων καὶ τράγων	1	Here “blood” refers to these animals dying as sacrifices to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:5	q4ye				0	Christ’s words when he was on earth were foretold in this quotation from a psalm of David.
10:5	ml8e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	οὐκ ἠθέλησας	1	Here “you” is singular and refers to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
10:5	cu51			σῶμα & κατηρτίσω	1	“you have made a body ready”
10:7	zn6c			τότε εἶπον	1	Here “I” refers to Christ.
10:8	c8eb				0	Though changing the wording slightly, the author repeats these quotations from a psalm of David for emphasis.
10:8	rlv8			θυσίας & προσφορὰς	1	See how you translated these words in [Hebrews 10:5](./05.md).
10:8	n7kc			ὁλοκαυτώματα & περὶ ἁμαρτίας	1	See how you translated similar words in [Hebrews 10:6](./06.md).
10:8	d3ek		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	αἵτινες & προσφέρονται	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that priests offer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:9	k5kv			ἰδοὺ	1	“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
10:9	n29v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἀναιρεῖ τὸ πρῶτον, ἵνα τὸ δεύτερον στήσῃ	1	The abstract noun “practice” here refers to a way of atoning for sins. Stopping doing it is spoken of as if it were an object that could be taken away. Starting the second way of atoning for sins is spoken of as establishing that practice. Alternate translation: “He stops people atoning for sins the first way in order to atone for sins the second way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:9	ja8n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	τὸ πρῶτον & τὸ δεύτερον	1	The words “first” and “second” are ordinal numbers. Alternate translation: “old practice … the new practice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
10:10	xj9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἡγιασμένοι ἐσμὲν	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has sanctified us” or “God has dedicated us to himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:10	xk24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	διὰ τῆς προσφορᾶς τοῦ σώματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	The abstract noun “offering” can be expressed with the verb “offer” or “sacrifice.” Alternate translation: “because Jesus Christ offered his body as a sacrifice” or “because Jesus Christ sacrificed his body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
10:11	f4wd			καθ’ ἡμέραν	1	“day by day” or “every day”
10:11	jq4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οὐδέποτε δύνανται περιελεῖν ἁμαρτίας	1	This speaks of “sins” as if they are an object that a person can take away. Alternate translation: “can never cause God to forgive sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:12	fy8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ἐκάθισεν ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Hebrews 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “he sat down at the place of honor and authority beside God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
10:13	s6sn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἕως τεθῶσιν οἱ ἐχθροὶ αὐτοῦ ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ	1	The humiliation of Christ’s enemies is spoken of as if they were made a place for him to rest his feet. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until God humiliates Christ’s enemies and they become like a stool for his feet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:14	dz9n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τοὺς ἁγιαζομένους	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom God is sanctifying” or “those whom God has dedicated to himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:15	qk8j				0	This is a quotation from the prophet Jeremiah in the Old Testament.
10:16	czh3			πρὸς αὐτοὺς	1	“with my people”
10:16	s783			μετὰ τὰς ἡμέρας ἐκείνας	1	“when the time of the first covenant with my people has finished”
10:16	xx53		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	διδοὺς νόμους μου ἐπὶ καρδίας αὐτῶν	1	Here “hearts” is a metonym for a person’s inner being. The phrase “put them in their hearts” is a metaphor for enabling people to obey the law. Alternate translation: “I will enable them to obey my laws” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:17	vkw4				0	This continues the quotation from the prophet Jeremiah in the Old Testament.
10:17	qn7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ τῶν ἀνομιῶν αὐτῶν, οὐ μὴ μνησθήσομαι ἔτι	1	“I will no longer remember their sins and lawless deeds.’” or “I will no longer think about their sins and lawless deeds.’” This is the second part of the Holy Spirit’s testimony ([Hebrews 10:15-16](./15.md)). You can make this explicit in the translation by ending the quotation at the end of verse 16 and starting a new quotation here. Alternate translation: “Then next he said, ‘Their sins and lawless deeds I will remember no longer.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10:17	pql9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ τῶν ἀνομιῶν αὐτῶν	1	The words “sins” and “lawless deeds” mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize how bad the sin is. Alternate translation: “The things they did that were forbidden and how they broke the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
10:18	pje1			δὲ	1	This is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. It does not mean “at this moment.”
10:18	pjh5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ὅπου & ἄφεσις	1	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “forgiveness” is expressed as the verb “forgive.” Alternate translation: “when God has forgiven these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
10:18	z351		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	οὐκέτι προσφορὰ περὶ ἁμαρτίας	1	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “sacrifice” is expressed as the verb “make offerings.” Alternate translation: “people no longer need to make offerings for sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
10:19	ih5u				0	Having made it clear that there is only one sacrifice for sin, the writer continues with the picture of the most holy place in the temple, where only the high priest could enter each year with the blood of the sacrifice for sins. He reminds the believers that they now worship God in his presence as if they were standing in the most holy place.
10:19	f6g3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀδελφοί	1	Here this means all believers in Christ whether male or female. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” or “fellow believers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
10:19	fii7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῶν ἁγίων	1	This means the presence of God, not the most holy place in the old tabernacle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:19	zl87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ αἵματι Ἰησοῦ	1	Here “blood of Jesus” refers to the death of Jesus. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:20	l7wh			ὁδὸν & ζῶσαν	1	Possible meanings are (1) this new way to God that Jesus has provided results in believers living forever or (2) Jesus is alive, and he is the way believers enter into the presence of God.
10:20	c3ve		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	διὰ τοῦ καταπετάσματος	1	The curtain in the earthly temple represents the separation between people and God’s true presence. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:20	ega9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ	1	Here “flesh” stands for the body of Jesus, and his body stands for his sacrificial death. Alternate translation: “by means of his death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:21	uh6i			καὶ ἱερέα μέγαν ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	This must be translated in such a way as to make it clear that Jesus is this “great priest.”
10:21	bmh1			ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον	1	“in charge of the house”
10:21	d1u1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	This speaks about God’s people as if they were a literal house. Alternate translation: “all the people of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:22	l4ik		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	προσερχώμεθα	1	Here “approach” stands for worshiping God, as a priest would go up to God’s altar to sacrifice animals to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:22	wez1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	μετὰ ἀληθινῆς καρδίας	1	“with faithful hearts” or “with honest hearts.” Here “hearts” stands for the genuine will and motivation of the believers. Alternate translation: “with sincerity” or “sincerely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:22	i7ti			ἐν πληροφορίᾳ πίστεως	1	“and with a confident faith” or “and trusting completely in Jesus”
10:22	zkg5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ῥεραντισμένοι τὰς καρδίας	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “as if had he made our hearts clean with his blood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:22	w775		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ῥεραντισμένοι τὰς καρδίας	1	Here “hearts” is a metonym for the conscience, the awareness of right and wrong. Being made clean is a metaphor for being forgiven and being given the status of righteousness. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:22	pc1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ῥεραντισμένοι	1	Sprinkling was a symbolic action done by the priests by which they applied the benefits of the covenant to people and to objects. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 9:19](../09/19.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
10:22	p2sk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	λελουμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “as if he had washed our bodies in pure water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:22	tk9p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	λελουμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ	1	If the translator understands this phrase as referring to Christian baptism, then “water” is literal, not figurative. But if water is taken as literal, then “pure” is figurative, standing for the spiritual purity that baptism is said here to accomplish. The “washing” stands for the believer being made acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:23	k5ui		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	κατέχωμεν τὴν ὁμολογίαν τῆς ἐλπίδος	1	Here “hold tightly” is a metaphor that refers to a person determining to do something and refusing to stop. The abstract nouns “confession” and “expectation” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “Let us be determined to continue confessing the things that we confidently expect from God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
10:23	jy4t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀκλινῆ	1	Being uncertain about something is spoken of as if he were wavering or leaning from side to side. Alternate translation: “without being unsure” or “without doubting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:25	v4fa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μὴ ἐγκαταλείποντες τὴν ἐπισυναγωγὴν ἑαυτῶν	1	You can make explicit that the people met to worship. Alternate translation: “Let us not stop coming together to worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10:25	k9c7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὅσῳ βλέπετε ἐγγίζουσαν τὴν ἡμέραν	1	A future time is spoken of as if it were an object coming closer to the speaker. Here “the day” refers to when Jesus will return. Alternate translation: “as you know that Christ will return soon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:26	gm7l				0	The writer now gives his fourth warning.
10:26	byv6			ἑκουσίως & ἁμαρτανόντων ἡμῶν	1	“we know we are sinning but we do it again and again”
10:26	hj5s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μετὰ τὸ λαβεῖν τὴν ἐπίγνωσιν τῆς ἀληθείας	1	Knowledge of the truth is spoken of as if it were an object that could be given by one person to another. Alternate translation: “after we have learned the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:26	b1r7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῆς ἀληθείας	1	The truth about God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10:26	l7sv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκέτι περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἀπολείπεται θυσία	1	No one is able to give a new sacrifice because Christ’s sacrifice is the only one that works. Alternate translation: “no one can offer a sacrifice for which God will forgive our sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10:26	sil4			περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν & θυσία	1	Here “sacrifice for sins” stands for “an effective way to sacrifice animals to take away sins”
10:27	fza4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κρίσεως	1	Of God’s judgment, that is, that God will judge. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10:27	t6da		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πυρὸς ζῆλος ἐσθίειν μέλλοντος τοὺς ὑπεναντίους	1	God’s fury is spoken of as if it were fire that would burn up his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:28	c1aj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δυσὶν ἢ τρισὶν μάρτυσιν	1	It is implied that this means “of at least two or three witness.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10:29	gv5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	πόσῳ δοκεῖτε χείρονος, ἀξιωθήσεται τιμωρίας, ὁ & τῆς χάριτος ἐνυβρίσας!	1	The author is emphasizing the greatness of the punishment for those who reject Christ. Alternate translation: “This was severe punishment. But the punishment will be even greater for anyone … grace!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
10:29	jd69		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ καταπατήσας	1	Disregarding Christ and scorning him are spoken of as if someone had walked on him. Alternate translation: “has rejected the Son of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:29	d2z9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
10:29	m7lw			τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης κοινὸν ἡγησάμενος	1	This shows how the person has trampled the Son of God. Alternate translation: “by treating the blood of the covenant as unholy”
10:29	el74		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης	1	Here “blood” stands for Christ’s death, by which God established the new covenant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:29	wj2p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸ αἷμα & ἐν ᾧ ἡγιάσθη	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the blood by which God sanctified him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:29	qr6c			τὸ Πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος	1	“the Spirit of God, who provides grace”
10:30	ynr1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive		0	The word “we” here refers to the writer and all believers. These two quotations come from the law that Moses gave in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
10:30	v8ad		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις	1	Vengeance is spoken of as if it were an object that belongs to God, who has the right to do as he wishes with what he owns. God has the right to take vengeance on his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:30	pdw9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω	1	God taking vengeance is spoken of as if he were paying back the harmful things that someone has done to others. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:31	hhu7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸ ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς χεῖρας	1	Receiving God’s full punishment is spoken of as if the person falls into God’s hands. Here “hands” refers to God’s power to judge. Alternate translation: “to receive God’s full punishment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:32	tlh3			τὰς πρότερον ἡμέρας	1	“the time in the past”
10:32	p3q3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	φωτισθέντες	1	Learning the truth is spoken of as if God shined a light on the person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “after you learned the truth about Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:32	v25j			πολλὴν ἄθλησιν ὑπεμείνατε παθημάτων	1	“how much suffering you had to endure”
10:33	cig1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὀνειδισμοῖς & καὶ θλίψεσιν θεατριζόμενοι	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People ridiculed you by insulting and persecuting you in public” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:33	u1gk			κοινωνοὶ τῶν & γενηθέντες	1	“you joined those”
10:34	cjr6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	κρείσσονα ὕπαρξιν, καὶ μένουσαν	1	God’s eternal blessings are spoken of as a “possession.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:35	xh64				0	In 10:37 is a quotation from the prophet Isaiah in the Old Testament.
10:35	m35c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μὴ ἀποβάλητε οὖν τὴν παρρησίαν ὑμῶν, ἥτις ἔχει μεγάλην μισθαποδοσίαν	1	A person no longer having confidence is spoken of as if the person were to throw confidence away, like a person would discard something worthless. The abstract noun “confidence” can be translated with the adjective “confident” or the adverb “confidently.” Alternate translation: “do not stop being confident, because you will receive a great reward for being confident” or “do not stop confidently trusting in God, who will reward you greatly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
10:37	st8v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔτι γὰρ μικρὸν ὅσον, ὅσον	1	You can make this explicit. Alternate translation: “As God said in the scriptures, ‘For in a very little while” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10:37	cna2			ἔτι & μικρὸν ὅσον, ὅσον	1	“very soon”
10:38	j2ck				0	In 10:38 the author quotes from the prophet Habakkuk, which directly follows the quotation from the prophet Isaiah in 10:37.
10:38	j6d1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	ὁ & δίκαιός μου & ἐὰν ὑποστείληται & ἐν αὐτῷ	1	These refer to any of God’s people in general. Alternate translation: “My faithful people … If any one of them shrinks … with that person” or “My faithful people … If they shrink … with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
10:38	r8mh			ὁ & δίκαιός μου & εὐδοκεῖ	1	Here “My” and “I” refer to God.
10:38	h5bw			ὑποστείληται	1	stops doing the good thing he is doing
10:39	i9zh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὑποστολῆς εἰς ἀπώλειαν	1	A person who loses courage and faith are spoken of as if he were stepping back in fear from something. And “destruction” is spoken of as if it were a destination. Alternate translation: “who stop trusting God, which will cause him to destroy us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:39	dv8y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰς περιποίησιν ψυχῆς	1	Living eternally with God is spoken of as if it were keeping one’s soul. Here “soul” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “, which will result in us living with God forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
11:intro	g4cc				0	# Hebrews 11 General Notes\n## Structure\n\nThe writer begins this chapter by telling what faith is. Then he gives many examples of people who had faith and how they lived.\n\n## Important concepts in this chapter\n\n### Faith\n\nIn both the old and new covenants, God required faith. Some people with faith performed miracles and were very powerful. Other people with faith suffered greatly.
11:1	a371				0	The author tells three things about faith in this brief introduction.
11:1	d95i			δὲ	1	This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here the author starts to explain the meaning of “faith.”
11:1	dne9			ἔστιν & πίστις ἐλπιζομένων ὑπόστασις	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when we have faith, we are sure of the things we hope for” or “faith is what allows a person to confidently expect certain things”
11:1	hiq2			ἐλπιζομένων	1	Here this refers specifically to the sure promises of God, especially the certainty that all believers in Jesus will live with God forever in heaven.
11:1	ybd8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πραγμάτων ἔλεγχος οὐ βλεπομένων	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that we still have not seen” or “that still have not happened” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:2	smr4			ἐν ταύτῃ γὰρ	1	“Because they were certain about events that had not happened”
11:2	kmq6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐμαρτυρήθησαν οἱ πρεσβύτεροι	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God approved of our ancestors because they had faith” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:2	u66c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ πρεσβύτεροι	1	The author is speaking to the Hebrews about Hebrew ancestors. Alternate translation: “our ancestors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:3	u5i9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	κατηρτίσθαι τοὺς αἰῶνας ῥήματι Θεοῦ	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God created the universe by commanding it to exist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:3	e7fs			τὸ μὴ ἐκ φαινομένων, τὸ βλεπόμενον γεγονέναι	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did not create what we see out of things that were visible”
11:4	w5de				0	The writer then gives many examples (mostly from Old Testament writings) of people who lived by faith even though they did not receive what God had promised while they lived on the earth.
11:4	r2m8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐμαρτυρήθη εἶναι δίκαιος	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God declared him to be righteous” or “God declared that Abel was righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:4	g52j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἔτι λαλεῖ	1	Reading the scriptures and learning about Abel’s faith is spoken of as if Abel himself were still speaking. Alternate translation: “we still learn from what Abel did” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:5	r3yl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πίστει Ἑνὼχ μετετέθη, τοῦ μὴ ἰδεῖν θάνατον	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “It was by faith that Enoch did not die because God took him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:5	ki2t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἰδεῖν θάνατον	1	This speaks of death as if it were an object that people can see. It means to experience death. Alternate translation: “die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:5	kb5l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πρὸ & τῆς μεταθέσεως	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “before God took him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:5	jbx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μεμαρτύρηται εὐηρεστηκέναι τῷ Θεῷ	1	This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “God said that Enoch had pleased him” or (2) “people said that Enoch pleased God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:6	hd94			χωρὶς δὲ πίστεως	1	Here “Now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
11:6	r9nb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	χωρὶς & πίστεως, ἀδύνατον εὐαρεστῆσαι	1	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “a person can please God only if he has faith in God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
11:6	b438		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸν προσερχόμενον τῷ Θεῷ	1	Wanting to worship God and belong to his people is spoken of as if the person is literally coming to God. Alternate translation: “that anyone who wants to belong to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:6	xl5v			τοῖς ἐκζητοῦσιν & μισθαποδότης γίνεται	1	“he rewards those”
11:6	i8e9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοῖς ἐκζητοῦσιν αὐτὸν	1	Those who learn about God and make an effort to obey him are spoken of as if they were seeking to find him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:7	r67b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	χρηματισθεὶς	1	This can be stated in active form and in other terms. Alternate translation: “because God told him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:7	p3pn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	περὶ τῶν μηδέπω βλεπομένων	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “about things no one had ever seen before” or “about events that had not happened yet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:7	pf7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸν κόσμον	1	Here “world” refers to the world’s human population. Alternate translation: “the people living in the world at that time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:7	c9yc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῆς & δικαιοσύνης, ἐγένετο κληρονόμος	1	Noah is spoken of as if he were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “received from God the righteousness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:7	et9l			κατὰ πίστιν	1	“that God gives to those who have faith in him”
11:8	a7c2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	καλούμενος	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when God called him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:8	kkt5			ἐξελθεῖν εἰς τόπον	1	“left his home to go to the place”
11:8	d1zf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὃν ἤμελλεν λαμβάνειν εἰς κληρονομίαν	1	The land that God promised to give Abraham’s descendants is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Abraham was to receive. Alternate translation: “that God would give him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:8	sq21			ἐξῆλθεν	1	“He left his home”
11:9	pmb6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	παρῴκησεν εἰς γῆν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας ὡς ἀλλοτρίαν	1	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “promise” is expressed as the verb “promised.” Alternate translation: “he lived as a foreigner in the land God had promised to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
11:9	s5fw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῶν συνκληρονόμων	1	“heirs together.” This speaks about Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as if they were heirs that would receive an inheritance from their father. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:10	f3z8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὴν τοὺς θεμελίους ἔχουσαν πόλιν	1	“the city that has foundations.” Having foundations indicates that the city is permanent. Alternate translation: “the eternal city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:10	fd98			ἧς τεχνίτης καὶ δημιουργὸς ὁ Θεός	1	“which is designed and built by God” or “which God would design and build”
11:10	ufe6			τεχνίτης	1	a person who designs buildings and cities
11:11	ks44				0	Many versions interpret this verse as referring to Sarah, and others interpret it as referring to Abraham.
11:11	mk6i			πίστει καὶ αὐτῇ Σάρρᾳ δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος ἔλαβεν, καὶ παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας, ἐπεὶ & ἡγήσατο	1	Some versions interpret this verse as referring to Sarah. “By faith Sarah, herself also barren, received power to bear children even beyond the time of maturity, since she considered”
11:11	mtf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	πίστει	1	The abstract noun “faith” can be expressed with the verb “believe.” Possible meanings are (1) it was by Abraham’s faith. Alternate translation: “It was because Abraham believed God” or (2) it was by Sarah’s faith. Alternate translation: “It was because Sarah believed God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
11:11	dgu6			δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος ἔλαβεν	1	“received ability to become a father” or “received ability to have a child”
11:11	wgp6			ἐπεὶ πιστὸν ἡγήσατο τὸν ἐπαγγειλάμενον	1	“because he believed God, who had give the promise, to be faithful”
11:12	x8b2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ἐγεννήθησαν & καθὼς τὰ ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τῷ πλήθει, καὶ ὡς ἡ ἄμμος, ἡ παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης, ἡ ἀναρίθμητος	1	This simile means Abraham had very many descendants. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
11:12	mu4e			ὡς ἡ ἄμμος, ἡ παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης, ἡ ἀναρίθμητος	1	This means that just as there are so many grains of sand on the seashore that no one can count them all, Abraham had so many descendants that no one can count them all.
11:13	yin6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μὴ λαβόντες τὰς ἐπαγγελίας	1	This speaks of promises as if they are objects that a person receives. Alternate translation: “without receiving what God had promised them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:13	g5ut		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πόρρωθεν αὐτὰς ἰδόντες καὶ ἀσπασάμενοι	1	Future promised events are spoken of as if they were travelers arriving from far away. Alternate translation: “after learning what God will do in the future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:13	n71b			ὁμολογήσαντες	1	“they acknowledged” or “they accepted”
11:13	q1nq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	ξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοί εἰσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς	1	Here “foreigners” and “exiles” mean basically the same thing. This emphasizes that this earth was not their true home. They were waiting for their true home that God would make for them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
11:14	xwa4			πατρίδα	1	“a country for them to belong to”
11:16	ea1a			ἐπουρανίου	1	“heavenly country” or “country in heaven”
11:16	cvh1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς, Θεὸς ἐπικαλεῖσθαι αὐτῶν	1	This can be expressed in active and positive form. Alternate translation: “God is happy to have them call him their God” or “God is proud to have them say that he is their God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
11:17	bk7a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πειραζόμενος	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when God tested him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:18	wy2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πρὸς ὃν ἐλαλήθη	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to whom God said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:18	c23z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα	1	Here “named” means assigned or designated. This sentence can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I will designate your descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:19	p43u			ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγείρειν δυνατὸς ὁ Θεός	1	“God was able to cause Isaac to live again”
11:19	sar1			ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγείρειν	1	In this verse, “to raise up” is to make alive again. The words “from the dead” speak of all dead people together in the underworld.
11:19	aea3			ἐν παραβολῇ	1	“in a manner of speaking.” This means that what the author says next is not to be understood literally. God did not bring Isaac back from death literally. But because Abraham was about to sacrifice Isaac when God stopped him, it was as if God brought him back from the dead.
11:19	k7u3			ὅθεν αὐτὸν	1	“it was from the dead”
11:19	g19x			αὐτὸν & ἐκομίσατο	1	“Abraham received Isaac back”
11:21	sg26			Ἰακὼβ & προσεκύνησεν	1	“Jacob worshiped God”
11:22	lkp6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	τελευτῶν	1	Here “his end” is a polite way of referring to death. Alternate translation: “when he was about to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
11:22	hhs3			περὶ τῆς ἐξόδου τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ ἐμνημόνευσεν	1	“spoke of when the children of Israel would leave Egypt”
11:22	t6i5			τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ	1	“the Israelites” or “the descendants of Israel”
11:22	nl1i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	περὶ τῶν ὀστέων αὐτοῦ ἐνετείλατο	1	Joseph died while in Egypt. He wanted his people to take his bones with them when they left Egypt so they could bury his bones in the land that God promised them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:23	g2wx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Μωϋσῆς, γεννηθεὶς, ἐκρύβη τρίμηνον ὑπὸ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moses’ parents hid him for three months after he was born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:24	h5wz			μέγας γενόμενος	1	“had become an adult”
11:24	mq2x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἠρνήσατο λέγεσθαι	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “refused to allow people to call him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:26	i9sc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὸν ὀνειδισμὸν τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “disgrace” is express as the verb “disrespect.” Alternate translation: “the experience of people disrespecting him because he did what Christ would want” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
11:26	xq6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	Obeying Christ is spoken of as if it were following him down a path. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:26	t588		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀπέβλεπεν & εἰς τὴν μισθαποδοσίαν	1	Fully concentrating on achieving a goal is spoken of as if a person were staring at an object and refusing to look away. Alternate translation: “doing what he knew would earn him a reward in heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:27	rc43		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	τὸν & ἀόρατον ὡς ὁρῶν, ἐκαρτέρησεν	1	Moses is spoken of as if he saw God, who is invisible. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
11:27	cc8w			τὸν & ἀόρατον	1	“the one no one can see”
11:28	tz7k			πεποίηκεν τὸ Πάσχα καὶ τὴν πρόσχυσιν τοῦ αἵματος	1	This was the first Passover. Moses kept it by obeying God’s commands concerning the Passover and by commanding the people to obey them every year. Alternate translation: “he commanded the people to obey God’s commands concerning the Passover and to sprinkle blood on their doors” or “he established the Passover and the sprinkling of blood”
11:28	bef7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν πρόσχυσιν τοῦ αἵματος	1	This refers to God’s command to the Israelites to kill a lamb and spread its blood on the doorposts of every house where Israelites lived. This would prevent the destroyer from harming their firstborn sons. This was one of the Passover commands. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:28	bm2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	μὴ & θίγῃ	1	Here “touch” refers to harming or to killing someone. Alternate translation: “would not harm” or “would not kill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:29	z2yj				0	Here the first word “they” refers to the Israelites, the second “they” refers to the Egyptians, the third “they” refers to the walls of Jericho.
11:29	a67h			διέβησαν τὴν Ἐρυθρὰν Θάλασσαν	1	“the Israelites passed through the Sea of Reeds”
11:29	hq2y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	κατεπόθησαν	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the water swallowed up the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:29	kmy8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	κατεπόθησαν	1	The water is spoken of as if it were an animal. Alternate translation: “the Egyptians drowned in the water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
11:30	lnw4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	κυκλωθέντα ἐπὶ ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Israelites had marched around them for seven days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:30	dw7v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας	1	“7 days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
11:31	ftc8			δεξαμένη τοὺς κατασκόπους μετ’ εἰρήνης	1	“had peacefully received the spies”
11:32	f7ip				0	The writer continues to speak of what God did for the ancestors of the people of Israel.
11:32	rh6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί ἔτι λέγω?	1	The author uses a question to emphasize that there are many examples that he could have quoted. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “And there are many more examples.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11:32	bs7h			ἐπιλείψει & με & ὁ χρόνος	1	“I will not have enough time”
11:32	ni55		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Βαράκ	1	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11:33	f3jx			οἳ διὰ πίστεως	1	Here “they” does not mean that each person listed in 11:32 did all the things the author is about to mention. The author means in general these are the kinds of things that those with faith were able to do. Alternate translation: “It was through faith that men like these”
11:33	v5w8			οἳ & κατηγωνίσαντο βασιλείας	1	Here “kingdoms” refers to the people who lived there. Alternate translation: “they defeated the people of foreign kingdoms”
11:33	u2su		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἔφραξαν στόματα λεόντων	1	These words begin a list of some of the ways God saved believers from death. Alternate translation: “They kept lions from eating them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:34	j6sv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἔσβεσαν δύναμιν πυρός, ἔφυγον στόματα μαχαίρης	1	These are some of the ways God saved believers from death. Alternate translation: “they kept fire from burning them, they kept their enemies from killing them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:34	iri4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐδυναμώθησαν ἀπὸ ἀσθενείας	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “received healing from God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:34	sy63			ἐγενήθησαν ἰσχυροὶ ἐν πολέμῳ & ἔκλιναν	1	“and they became mighty in battle and defeated”
11:35	t9sp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἔλαβον γυναῖκες ἐξ ἀναστάσεως τοὺς νεκροὺς αὐτῶν	1	This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “resurrection.” The word “dead” is a nominal adjective. It can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Women received back alive those who had died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
11:35	ne1u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἄλλοι δὲ ἐτυμπανίσθησαν, οὐ προσδεξάμενοι τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν	1	It is implied that their enemies would have released them from prison under certain conditions. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Others accepted torture rather than release from prison” or “Others allowed their enemies to torture them rather than doing what their enemies required of them in order to release them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:35	faq3			ἐτυμπανίσθησαν	1	made to suffer great mental or physical pain
11:35	jyw7			κρείττονος ἀναστάσεως	1	Possible meanings are (1) these people will experience a better life in heaven than what they experienced in this world or (2) these people will have a better resurrection than those who did not have faith. Those with faith will live forever with God. Those without faith will live forever separated from God.
11:36	e9al		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἕτεροι & ἐμπαιγμῶν καὶ μαστίγων πεῖραν ἔλαβον	1	These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People mocked and whipped others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:36	nx7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἕτεροι & ἐμπαιγμῶν καὶ μαστίγων πεῖραν ἔλαβον, ἔτι δὲ δεσμῶν καὶ φυλακῆς	1	This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns are expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “God tested others by allowing their enemies to mock and whip them and even put them in chains and imprison them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
11:37	fg8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐλιθάσθησαν, ἐπρίσθησαν, ἐπειράσθησαν, ἐν φόνῳ μαχαίρης ἀπέθανον	1	These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People mocked and whipped others … People threw stones at others. People sawed others in two. People killed others with the sword” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:37	r3gx			περιῆλθον	1	“went from place to place” or “lived all the time”
11:37	qf89			ἐν μηλωταῖς, ἐν αἰγίοις δέρμασιν	1	“wearing only the skins of sheep and goats”
11:37	x2jf			ὑστερούμενοι	1	“They had nothing” or “They were very poor”
11:38	a721		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	οὐκ ἦν ἄξιος ὁ κόσμος	1	Here “world” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “The people of this world were not worthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:38	j9lp			πλανώμενοι	1	This was because they had no place to live.
11:38	li8j			σπηλαίοις, καὶ ταῖς ὀπαῖς τῆς γῆς	1	“caves, and some lived in holes in the ground”
11:39	l5wd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὗτοι πάντες μαρτυρηθέντες διὰ τῆς πίστεως, οὐκ ἐκομίσαντο τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God honored all these because of their faith, but they did not themselves receive what God had promised” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:39	vgw2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν	1	This expression stands for “what God had promised them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:40	p9uu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἵνα μὴ χωρὶς ἡμῶν τελειωθῶσιν	1	This can be stated in positive and active form. Alternate translation: “in order that God would perfect us and them together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:intro	h1qb				0	# Hebrews 12 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nAfter telling of the value discipline, the author begins a series of exhortations. (See; [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/exhort]])\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:5-6, which are words from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Discipline\n\nGod wants his people to do what is right. When they do what is wrong, he needs to correct or punish them. He does this just as earthly fathers correct and punish children whom they love. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]])
12:1	jg6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive		0	The words “we” and “us” refer to the author and his readers. The word “you” is plural and here refers to the readers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
12:1	k8mr				0	Because of this great number of Old Testament believers, the author talks of the life of faith that believers should live with Jesus as their example.
12:1	f6u9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἡμεῖς, τοσοῦτον ἔχοντες περικείμενον ἡμῖν νέφος μαρτύρων	1	The writer speaks about the Old Testament believers as if they were a cloud that surrounded the present-day believers. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “such a large cloud of witnesses surrounds us” or “there are so many examples of faithful people about whom we learn in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:1	hf97			μαρτύρων	1	Here “witnesses” refers to the Old Testament believers in chapter 11 who lived before the race of faith that believers now run.
12:1	yw1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὄγκον ἀποθέμενοι πάντα καὶ τὴν εὐπερίστατον ἁμαρτίαν	1	Here “weight” and “easily entangling sin” are spoken of as if a person could take them off himself and put them down. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:1	zln7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὄγκον & πάντα	1	Attitudes or habits that keep believers from trusting and obeying God are spoken of as if they were loads that would make it difficult for a person to carry while running. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:1	t6wu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὴν εὐπερίστατον ἁμαρτίαν	1	Sin is spoken of as if it were a net or something else that can trip people up and make them fall. Alternate translation: “sin that makes obeying God difficult” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:1	g5dn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τρέχωμεν τὸν προκείμενον ἡμῖν ἀγῶνα	1	Following Jesus is spoken of as if it were running a race. Alternate translation: “Let us continue obeying what God has commanded us, just like a runner keeps going until the race is over” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:2	a946			τὸν τῆς πίστεως ἀρχηγὸν καὶ τελειωτὴν	1	Jesus gives us faith and makes our faith perfect by causing us to reach our goal. Alternate translation: “creator and finisher of our faith” or “the one who enables us to have faith from beginning to end”
12:2	za14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀντὶ τῆς προκειμένης αὐτῷ χαρᾶς	1	The joy that Jesus would experience is spoken of as if God the Father had placed it before him as a goal to reach. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:2	y7me			αἰσχύνης καταφρονήσας	1	This means he was not concerned about the shame of dying on a cross.
12:2	vm9b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ἐν δεξιᾷ τε τοῦ θρόνου τοῦ Θεοῦ κεκάθικεν	1	To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Hebrews 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “sat down at the place of honor and authority beside the throne of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
12:3	i1xl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	κάμητε, ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν	1	Here “hearts” represents a person’s thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:4	q1w8				0	The author of Hebrews has been comparing the Christian life to a race.
12:4	b9b7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	οὔπω & ἀντικατέστητε, πρὸς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἀνταγωνιζόμενοι	1	Here “sin” is spoken of as if it were a person whom someone fights in a battle. Alternate translation: “You have not yet had to endure attacks of sinners” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
12:4	i4ip		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μέχρις αἵματος	1	Resisting opposition so much that one dies for it is spoken of as if one reached a certain place where he would die. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:4	uwg6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	αἵματος	1	Here “blood” refers to death. Alternate translation: “of death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:5	y6cv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	τῆς παρακλήσεως, ἥτις ὑμῖν & διαλέγεται	1	Old Testament scripture is spoken of as if it were a person who could encourage others. Alternate translation: “what God has instructed you in the scriptures to encourage you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
12:5	e6a9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ὡς υἱοῖς & υἱέ μου	1	The word translated “sons” and “son” is specifically the word for a male child. In that culture the family line continued through the sons, not normally through the daughters. However, as stated by the UST and some English versions, the author is directing his words to both males and females. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
12:5	a7vf			υἱέ μου & ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ ἐλεγχόμενος	1	Here the author is quoting from the book of Proverbs in the Old Testament, which was the words of Solomon to his male children.
12:5	cxe9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	μὴ ὀλιγώρει παιδείας Κυρίου, μηδὲ ἐκλύου	1	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “take it very seriously when the Lord disciplines you, and do not grow weary” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
12:5	cjq5			μηδὲ ἐκλύου	1	“and do not become discouraged”
12:5	i1a6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ ἐλεγχόμενος	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he corrects you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:6	zu3c			πάντα υἱὸν ὃν παραδέχεται	1	The word translated “son” is specifically the word for a male child. In that culture the family line continued through the sons, not normally through the daughters. (See: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations)
12:7	y3z3			εἰς παιδείαν ὑπομένετε	1	“Understand that during suffering God teaches us discipline”
12:7	v1gu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὡς υἱοῖς ὑμῖν προσφέρεται ὁ Θεός	1	This compares God disciplining his people to a father disciplining his sons. You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “God deals with you the same way a father deals with his sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
12:7	i3k4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ὑμῖν & υἱὸς	1	All occurrences of these words may be stated to include males and females. Alternate translation: “children … child” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
12:7	jb38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τίς γὰρ υἱὸς ὃν οὐ παιδεύει πατήρ?	1	The author makes the point throught this question that every good father disciplines his children. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “every father disciplines his children!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
12:8	kwc6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	εἰ δὲ χωρίς ἐστε παιδείας, ἧς μέτοχοι γεγόνασι πάντες	1	You can restate the abstract noun “discipline” as the verb “disciplining.” Alternate translation: “So if you have not experienced God disciplining you like he disciplines all his children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
12:8	s5u9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἄρα νόθοι καὶ οὐχ υἱοί ἐστε	1	Those whom God does not discipline are spoken of as if they are sons born to a man and a woman who are not married each other. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:9	r4lb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	πολὺ & μᾶλλον ὑποταγησόμεθα τῷ Πατρὶ τῶν πνευμάτων, καὶ ζήσομεν?	1	The author uses an exclamation to emphasize that we should obey God the Father. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Therefore even more so, we should obey the Father of spirits and live.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
12:9	cl95		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τῷ Πατρὶ τῶν πνευμάτων	1	This idiom contrasts with “fathers in the flesh.” Alternate translation: “our spiritual Father” or “our Father in heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
12:9	pem8			καὶ ζήσομεν	1	“so that we will live”
12:10	l1a3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰς τὸ μεταλαβεῖν τῆς ἁγιότητος αὐτοῦ	1	This metaphor speaks of “holiness” as if it were an object that can be shared among people. Alternate translation: “so that we may become holy as God is holy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:11	g13e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	καρπὸν εἰρηνικὸν & ἀποδίδωσιν δικαιοσύνης	1	“Fruit” here is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “it produces the peaceful result of righteousness” or “it produces righteousness, which results in peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:11	xbg8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	τοῖς δι’ αὐτῆς γεγυμνασμένοις	1	“who have been trained by discipline.” The discipline or correction done by the Lord is spoken of as if it were the Lord himself. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has trained by disciplining them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:12	cvp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὰς παρειμένας χεῖρας, καὶ τὰ παραλελυμένα γόνατα, ἀνορθώσατε	1	Possibly this continues the metaphor about the race in [Hebrews 12:1](../12/01.md). It is in this way that the author speaks about living as Christians and helping others. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:13	yi9n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τροχιὰς ὀρθὰς ποιεῖτε τοῖς ποσὶν ὑμῶν	1	Possibly this continues the metaphor about the race in [Hebrews 12:1](../12/01.md). It is in this way that the author speaks about living as Christians and helping others. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:13	qmq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τροχιὰς ὀρθὰς	1	Living so as to honor and please God is spoken of as if it were a straight path to follow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:13	i19d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μὴ τὸ χωλὸν ἐκτραπῇ	1	In this metaphor of running a race, “lame” represents another person in the race who is hurt and wants to quit. This, in turn, represent the Christians themselves. Alternate translation: “whoever is weak and wants to quit will not sprain his ankle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:13	euf9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μὴ & ἐκτραπῇ	1	Someone who stops obeying God is spoken of as if he injured his foot or ankle on a path. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will not sprain his ankle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:13	wq18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἰαθῇ & μᾶλλον	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “instead become strong” or “instead God will heal him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:14	b6ef				0	The man Esau, who was told about in the writings of Moses, refers to Isaac’s first son and Jacob’s brother.
12:14	h45r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰρήνην διώκετε μετὰ πάντων	1	Here the abstract noun “peace” is spoken of as if it were something that a person must chase after and can be translated with an adverb. Alternate translation: “Try to live peacefully with everyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
12:14	pa9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	καὶ τὸν ἁγιασμόν, οὗ χωρὶς οὐδεὶς ὄψεται τὸν Κύριον	1	This can be expressed as a positive encouragement. Alternate translation: “also work hard to be holy, because only holy people will see the Lord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
12:14	v9z7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	καὶ τὸν ἁγιασμόν	1	You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “also pursue the holiness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
12:15	at8j			μή τις ὑστερῶν ἀπὸ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	“no one receives God’s grace and then lets go of it” or “no one rejects God’s grace after first trusting in him”
12:15	nh7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μή τις ῥίζα πικρίας ἄνω φύουσα ἐνοχλῇ, καὶ δι’ αὐτῆς μιανθῶσιν πολλοί	1	Hateful or resentful attitudes are spoken of as if they were a plant bitter to the taste. Alternate translation: “that no one becomes like a bitter root, which when it grows causes trouble and harms many people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:17	j6x8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀπεδοκιμάσθη	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his father, Isaac, refused to bless him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:17	d6he		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	μετανοίας γὰρ τόπον οὐχ εὗρεν	1	The abstract noun “repentance” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “because it was not possible for him to repent” or “because it was not possible for him to change his decision” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
12:17	b7k3			καίπερ μετὰ δακρύων ἐκζητήσας αὐτήν	1	Here “he” refers to Esau.
12:18	y1ed				0	The words “you” and “You” refer to the Hebrew believers to whom the author wrote. The word “they” refers to people of Israel after Moses led them out of Egypt. The first quotation comes from the writings of Moses. God reveals in this passage in Hebrews that Moses said he shook at seeing the mountain.
12:18	xti4				0	The author gives a contrast between what believers in Moses’ time had while living under the law and what present day believers have after coming to Jesus under the new covenant. He illustrates the experience of the Israelites by describing how God appeared to them at Mount Sinai.
12:18	a43l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐ γὰρ προσεληλύθατε, ψηλαφωμένῳ	1	The implicit information can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “For you have not come, as the people of Israel came, to a mountain that can be touched” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12:18	w6j6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	προσεληλύθατε	1	This means that believers in Christ have not come to a physical mountain like Mount Sinai that a person can touch or see. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that a person can touch” or “that people can perceive with their senses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:19	s3x2			σάλπιγγος ἤχῳ	1	“You have not come to a place where there is the loud sound of a trumpet”
12:19	x2qk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	καὶ φωνῇ ῥημάτων, ἧς οἱ ἀκούσαντες παρῃτήσαντο, μὴ προστεθῆναι αὐτοῖς λόγον	1	Here “voice” refers to someone speaking. The phrase “be spoken” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “or where God was speaking in such a way that those who heard him begged him not to speak another word to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:20	p7qu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸ διαστελλόμενον	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what God commanded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:20	x31x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	λιθοβοληθήσεται	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must stone it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:22	w9jj				0	The man Abel was the son of the first man and woman, Adam and Eve. Cain, also their son, murdered Abel.
12:22	r9dz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Σιὼν Ὄρει	1	The writer speaks of Mount Zion, the temple mount in Jerusalem, as if it were heaven itself, the residence of God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:22	k1kv			μυριάσιν ἀγγέλων	1	“an uncountable number of angels”
12:23	j94e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πρωτοτόκων	1	This speaks of believers in Christ as if they were firstborn sons. This emphasizes their special place and privilege as God’s people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:23	km4a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀπογεγραμμένων ἐν οὐρανοῖς	1	“whose names are written in heaven.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whose names God has written in heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:23	i7qb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τετελειωμένων	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has made perfect” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:24	kq1v			διαθήκης νέας μεσίτῃ	1	This means Jesus caused the new covenant between God and humans to exist. See how you translated this phrase in [Hebrews 9:15](../09/15.md).
12:24	nz8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	αἵματι ῥαντισμοῦ, κρεῖττον λαλοῦντι παρὰ τὸν Ἂβελ	1	The blood of Jesus and the blood of Abel are spoken of as if they were people calling out. Alternate translation: “the sprinkled blood of Jesus that says better things than the blood of Abel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12:24	z7uq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	αἵματι	1	Here “blood” stands for Jesus’ death, as Abel’s blood stands for his death. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:25	pnn5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you		0	This quotation is from the prophet Haggai in the Old Testament. The word “you” continues to refer to believers. The word “we” continues to refer to the writer and the readers who are believers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
12:25	c9cn				0	Having contrasted the Israelites’ experience at Mount Sinai with the believers’ experience after Christ died, the writer reminds believers that they have the same God who warns them today. This is the fifth main warning given to believers.
12:25	nnk9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	μὴ παραιτήσησθε τὸν λαλοῦντα	1	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you pay attention to the one who is speaking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
12:25	gkn1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰ & ἐκεῖνοι οὐκ ἐξέφυγον	1	The implicit information can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “if the people of Israel did not escape judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12:25	fy9u			ἐπὶ γῆς & τὸν χρηματίζοντα	1	Possible meanings are (1) “Moses, who warned them here on earth” or (2) “God, who warned them at Mount Sinai”
12:25	s5lj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἡμεῖς οἱ τὸν ἀπ’ οὐρανῶν ἀποστρεφόμενοι	1	Disobeying God is spoken of as if a person were changing direction and walking away from him. Alternate translation: “if we disobey the one who is warning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:26	rf4e			οὗ ἡ φωνὴ τὴν γῆν ἐσάλευσεν	1	“when God spoke, the sound of his voice caused the earth to shake”
12:26	i1c8			ἐσάλευσεν & σείσω	1	Use the word for what an earthquake does in moving the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God.
12:27	ylq9				0	Here the quotation from the prophet Haggai is repeated from the previous verse.
12:27	z6ys		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	δηλοῖ τῶν σαλευομένων μετάθεσιν, ὡς πεποιημένων	1	The abstract noun “removal” can be translated with the verb “remove.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “mean that God will remove the things that he can shake, that is, the things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:27	l29r			τῶν σαλευομένων	1	Use the word for what an earthquake does in moving the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God. See how you translated “shook” and “shake” in [Hebrews 12:26](../12/26.md).
12:27	s3xt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πεποιημένων	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that God has created” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:27	ta84		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὰ μὴ σαλευόμενα	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the things that do not shake” or “the things that cannot shake” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:27	zr9x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὰ μὴ σαλευόμενα	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that does not shake” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:28	m44c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	βασιλείαν & παραλαμβάνοντες	1	You can add the words “because we are” to make clear the logical connection between this statement and the next statement. Alternate translation: “because we are receiving a kingdom” or “because God is making us members of his kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
12:28	btf6			ἔχωμεν χάριν	1	“let us give thanks”
12:28	f382		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	μετὰ εὐλαβείας καὶ δέους	1	The words “reverence” and “awe” share similar meanings and emphasize the greatness of reverence due to God. Alternate translation: “with great respect and dread” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
12:29	f899		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν πῦρ καταναλίσκον	1	God is spoken of here as if he were a fire that can burn up anything. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:intro	c8gg				0	# Hebrews 13 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe author finishes the list of exhortations he began in chapter 12. Then he asks the readers to pray for him and ends the letter.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 13:6, which are words from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Hospitality\n\nGod wants his people to invite other people to come to their homes to eat food and even to sleep. His people should do this even if they do not know well the people they are inviting. In the Old Testament, Abraham and his nephew Lot both showed hospitality to people they did not know. Abraham served a costly meal to them, and then Lot invited them to sleep in his house. They learned later that those people were actually angels.
13:1	sf1n				0	In this closing section, the author gives specific instructions to believers on how they are supposed to live.
13:1	g819			ἡ φιλαδελφία μενέτω	1	“Continue to show your love for other believers as you would for a member of your family”
13:2	rh7r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	μὴ ἐπιλανθάνεσθε	1	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Be sure to remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
13:2	y7cd			φιλοξενίας	1	“to welcome and show kindness to strangers”
13:3	mx5r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὡς συνδεδεμένοι	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “as if you were tied up along with them” or “as if you were in prison with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:3	d3ze		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τῶν κακουχουμένων	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom others are mistreating” or “who are suffering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:3	g4ap		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὡς καὶ αὐτοὶ ὄντες ἐν σώματι	1	This phrase encourages believers to think about other people’s suffering as they would think about their own suffering. Alternate translation: “as if you were the one suffering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:4	ix27		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τίμιος ὁ γάμος ἐν πᾶσιν	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Men and women who are married to each other must respect each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:4	ix79		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	ἡ κοίτη ἀμίαντος	1	This refers to the act of sexual union as if it were only the bed of a married couple. Alternate translation: “Let husbands and wives honor their marriage relationship to one another and not sleep with other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:5	sz35			ἀφιλάργυρος ὁ τρόπος	1	Here “conduct” refers to a person’s character or the way he lives, and “free from the love of money” refers to not greatly desiring to have more money. A person who loves money is not content with the amount of money he has. Alternate translation: “Let your conduct not be affected by the love of money” or “Do not greatly wish to have more money”
13:5	n19c			ἀρκούμενοι	1	“Be satisfied”
13:6	c8w6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Κύριος ἐμοὶ βοηθός & ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος	1	This is a quotation from the book of Psalms in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:6	q8ie		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐ φοβηθήσομαι; τί ποιήσει μοι ἄνθρωπος?	1	The author uses a question to emphasize that he does not fear people because God is helping him. Here “man” means any person in general. Alternate translation: “I will not fear what any person can do to me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
13:7	e6b5			τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	“what God has said”
13:7	ym9m			τὴν ἔκβασιν τῆς ἀναστροφῆς	1	“the outcome of the way they behave”
13:7	tvu6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	μιμεῖσθε τὴν πίστιν	1	Here the trust in God and the way of life led by these leaders are spoken of as “their faith.” Alternate translation: “Trust and obey God in the same way they do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:8	dv5g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐχθὲς καὶ σήμερον, ὁ αὐτός, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας	1	Here “yesterday” means all times in the past. Alternate translation: “is the same in the past, the present, and in the future forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:9	y92c				0	This section refers to animal sacrifices made by believers in God in Old Testament times, which covered their sins temporarily until the death of Christ came about.
13:9	dp5w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις, μὴ παραφέρεσθε	1	Being persuaded by various teachings is spoken of as if a person were being carried away by a force. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let others persuade you to believe their various strange teachings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:9	fe6i			διδαχαῖς ποικίλαις καὶ ξέναις	1	“many, different teachings that are not the good news we told you”
13:9	tmt1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	καλὸν & χάριτι βεβαιοῦσθαι τὴν καρδίαν, οὐ βρώμασιν, ἐν οἷς οὐκ ὠφελήθησαν οἱ περιπατοῦντες	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we become stronger when we think of how God has been kind to us, but we do not become stronger by obeying rules about food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:9	t28u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	βεβαιοῦσθαι τὴν καρδίαν	1	Here “heart” is a metonym for the “inner being.” Alternate translation: “we should be strengthened inwardly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:9	ar93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	βρώμασιν	1	Here “foods” stands for rules about food. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:9	kf3b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οἱ περιπατοῦντες	1	Living is spoken of as if it were walking. Alternate translation: “those who live by them” or “those who regulate their lives by them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:10	jjy3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἔχομεν θυσιαστήριον	1	Here “altar” stands for “place of worship.” It also stands for the animals that the priests in the old covenant sacrificed, from which they took meat for themselves and their families. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:11	luf7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὧν & εἰσφέρεται ζῴων τὸ αἷμα περὶ ἁμαρτίας εἰς τὰ ἅγια διὰ τοῦ ἀρχιερέως	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the high priest brings into the holy place the blood of the animals that the priests killed for sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:11	iv19		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τούτων τὰ σώματα κατακαίεται	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “while the priests burn the animals’ bodies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:11	f7nb			ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς	1	“away from where the people lived”
13:12	x48h				0	There is a comparison here between Jesus’ sacrifice and the tabernacle sacrifices of the Old Testament.
13:12	fw9g			διὸ	1	“In the same way” or “Because the bodies of the sacrifices were burned outside the camp” ([Hebrews 13:11](../13/11.md))
13:12	eq6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἔξω τῆς πύλης	1	This stands for “outside the city.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:13	zf8v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοίνυν ἐξερχώμεθα πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς	1	Obeying Jesus is spoken of as if a person were leaving the camp to go out where Jesus is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:13	h3j4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸν ὀνειδισμὸν αὐτοῦ φέροντες	1	Disgrace is spoken of as if it were an object that had to be carried in one’s hands or on one’s back. Alternate translation: “while allowing others to insult us just like people insulted him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:14	u2wn			ἐπιζητοῦμεν	1	“waiting for”
13:15	zfy9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	θυσίαν αἰνέσεως	1	Praise is spoken of as if it were a sacrifice of animals or incense. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:15	b4p1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	αἰνέσεως & τοῦτ’ ἔστιν καρπὸν χειλέων	1	Praise is spoken of as if it were fruit produced by the lips of people. Alternate translation: “praise that is produced by the lips of those who acknowledge his name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:15	zr2d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	χειλέων ὁμολογούντων τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ	1	Here “lips” represents people who speak. Alternate translation: “the lips of those who acknowledge his name” or “those who acknowledge his name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
13:15	v52x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ	1	A person’s name represents that person. Alternate translation: “him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:16	ma8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	τῆς & εὐποιΐας καὶ κοινωνίας μὴ ἐπιλανθάνεσθε	1	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Let us always remember to do good and help others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
13:16	kp76		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοιαύταις & θυσίαις	1	Doing good and helping others is spoken of as if they were sacrifices on an altar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:17	n5e8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀγρυπνοῦσιν ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν	1	The believers’ souls, that is, the believers’ spiritual well-being, are spoken of as if they were objects or animals that guards could keep watch over. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:17	z2yp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	μὴ στενάζοντες	1	Here “groaning” stands for sadness or grief. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:18	d5hf				0	The author closes with a blessing and greetings.
13:18	xmh1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	προσεύχεσθε περὶ ἡμῶν	1	Here “us” refers to the author and his companions, but not to the readers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
13:18	n6gb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πειθόμεθα & ὅτι καλὴν συνείδησιν ἔχομεν	1	Here “clean” stands for being free from guilt. Alternate translation: “we are certain that we have no guilt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:19	cg4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἵνα τάχειον ἀποκατασταθῶ ὑμῖν	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that God will quickly remove the things that stop my coming to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:20	n66e			δὲ	1	This marks a new section of the letter. Here the author praises God and gives a final prayer for his readers.
13:20	d8yq			ὁ ἀναγαγὼν ἐκ νεκρῶν τὸν Ποιμένα τῶν προβάτων τὸν μέγαν & τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ	1	“raised the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus, to life”
13:20	k6n6			ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To raise someone from among them speaks of causing that person to become alive again.
13:20	gn9w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸν Ποιμένα τῶν προβάτων τὸν μέγαν	1	Christ in his role of leader and protector of those who believe in him is spoken of as if he were a shepherd of sheep. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:20	qxb8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐν αἵματι διαθήκης αἰωνίου	1	Here “blood” stands for the death of Jesus, which is the basis for the covenant that will last forever between God and all believers in Christ. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:21	qj79			καταρτίσαι ὑμᾶς ἐν παντὶ ἀγαθῷ, εἰς τὸ ποιῆσαι τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ	1	“give you every good thing you need in order to do his will “make you capable of doing every good thing according to his will”
13:21	r3mi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ποιῶν ἐν ἡμῖν	1	The word “us” refers to the author and the readers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
13:21	u6iq			ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων	1	“whom all people will praise forever”
13:22	wa9r			δὲ	1	This marks a new section of the letter. Here the author gives his final comments to his audience.
13:22	b27j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	This refers to all the believers to whom he is writing whether male or female. Alternate translation: “fellow believers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
13:22	d5e6			ἀνέχεσθε τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως	1	“patiently consider what I have just written to encourage you”
13:22	l8b3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως	1	Here “word” stands for a message. Alternate translation: “the encouraging message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:23	w3m2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀπολελυμένον	1	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “is no longer in prison” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:24	r7kn			ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας	1	Possible meanings are (1) the author is not in Italy, but there is a group of believers with him who have come from Italy or (2) the author is in Italy while writing this letter.
13:24	kk9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	τῆς Ἰταλίας	1	This is the name of a region at that time. Rome was the then-capital city of Italy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])